an essay about moving to another country

Essays About Moving to a New Country: Top 5 Examples

Being in a new country comes with both disadvantages and opportunities to thrive. If you are writing essays about moving to a new country, check out our guide.

Most of us can say that we have moved homes at least once before; if this is daunting on its own, what more a completely different country? People often move to have better opportunities for a job or a lower cost of living, but moving to a new country gives us a chance to thrive beyond that. A life-changing experience also presents us with many challenges, some quick to face and others that take months or even years to overcome. 

The experience of moving to a new country is only what you make of it. You can learn so much from such a dramatic lifestyle change, but only if you embrace it and make the most of it. This is not to say you shouldn’t feel stress, sadness, or confusion with the change, but change is constant in life and should not be shunned. Take advantage of the opportunity and thrive.

5 Top Essay Examples

1. moving to a new country essay by rosh, 2. what nobody will tell you about moving to a new country by zulie rane, 3. getting adjusted after moving to a new country by laura mueller, 4. how to cope with stress when moving abroad by josh jackman, 5. when moving to a new country please don’t do this by iva ursano, 1. why move to a new country, 2. where would you move, and why, 3. advantages and disadvantages of moving to a new country, 4. my experience moving to another country, 5. migration and immigration today, 6. lessons a new country can teach you.

“It goes without saying that moving to a new place is a thrilling adventure. The endless list of foods that you have never tasted before, visiting places that you have always seen on the television screen, smells and sounds that have captured your imagination and experiencing the cultures and traditions that are outright different from yours is something that no one wants to miss.”

In this essay, Rosh lists why one might want to move to a new country. These include professional growth, a new adventure, and making new friends. Moving can be a great new experience that can teach you a lot while being exciting at the same time. Rosh also describes a few problems to consider when moving to another country, such as the language barrier and financial issues. 

Looking for more? Check out these essays about moving to a new place .

“I wish I’d had a little more perspective back then. I wish I’d been a little better at detangling what I liked and what I didn’t like, and what the root cause was. I wish I’d been less caught up in the idea of myself as a worldly traveler, and a little more honest about what I aimed for in life. I wish I’d believed I could have stayed and made a difference about the things I cared about, instead of fleeing east.”

Rane discusses how she left Georgia, U.S.A., for the U.K. and why she regrets it. She was at odds with the slow pace of life, her peers’ political views, and her high school experience, so she decided to apply for college abroad. However, reflecting on it now, she is homesick and regrets her decision. She laments how moving is idealized without showing the negative aspects of such a change. 

“Think about the things that you’d like to achieve after moving to a new country, be it becoming fluent in the language, finding a job, finding a group of friends, etc. Then take active steps to achieve it. Working toward distinct goals will give your day’s purpose at a time when everything may seem so up in the air, and the goals themselves will help you become more a part of your surrounding community.”

In her essay, Mueller writes about several tips that can help you get used to a new country, such as learning a bit of the language and culture, going out to explore, and adjusting your routine to one more standard for the country you are in. Most importantly, she suggests setting new goals for your new country, so you have something to focus on. Mueller also stresses the importance of staying connected with your loved ones back home. Check out these essays about home .

“If moving abroad is all you think about for most of the next year, it will take your joy and your sanity – so take a break every so often. When you feel like you’re underwater, clear your thoughts, take a deep breath or five, and give yourself a moment to be silent. Then consider doing something else for a while, before you tackle the next moving issue.”

Similarly to Mueller, Jackman lists down several ways to adjust to the stress that comes with moving to a new country, such as selling some of your unnecessary belongings and listing what you are excited about. He also discusses the importance of self-care, saying it’s fine to take a break and relax, even taking time off work if necessary. You might also be interested in these articles about immigration .

“It was horrible. Downright pathetic. I showed up as an entitled North American not realizing that I’m the stranger here now. I’m the visitor. I’m the guest. If I didn’t like it, any of it, I could move. No one forced me to live here. Actually, no one even invited me or asked me to move here. Not a soul. I did this on my own.”

Ursano reflects on how she was when she moved to Guatemala, fresh from Canada. Having moved from a first-world country to a third-world country, she was, at first, incredibly entitled. She constantly complained about the internet service, language barrier, and “dirty” city. She explains that when you move to a different place, it can take a while to get used to it. But now, she loves Guatemala and never wants to leave. 

6 Prompts To Help You Begin Writing On Essays About Moving To A New Country

People move to other countries for many reasons, whether financial, social, political, or otherwise. In your essay, research the most common causes of moving to another country. Cite surveys, statistics, and research to support your claims, and be sure to explain your points adequately. 

Think of a country you would want to move to and consider the advantages and disadvantages. Then, for your essay, briefly describe your chosen country and explain what makes it so appealing to you. Then, describe some aspects of the country that make you want to move there, such as culture, economic opportunity, and laws. 

As stated previously, moving has its advantages and disadvantages. First, think of the different obstacles and opportunities moving to a new country may pose and discuss each one in your essay. Then, conclude whether you would personally want to move to a new country; consider whether it would be worth it or not. 

Looking for more? Check out these essays about personal growth .

If you have moved to another country before, reflect on this time and write about it in your essay. Describe why you or your family decided to move, how you initially felt moving and how your feelings changed over time. Also, explain how this big step in life has helped make you who you are today.

In an increasingly connected world, more and more people are leaving their countries to move to new ones. Research this phenomenon and discuss its causes and implications for the countries involved. You can also discuss statistics related to this, such as the nations where most people flee or go to. Lastly, discuss your feelings on this matter and how you would like to see this resolved: do you think more should be done so that people don’t feel the need to leave their countries? Answer this question in your essay.

Moving can give you a whole new outlook on life and can teach you a lot. Based on personal experience and research, decide on some lessons and life skills that moving to a new country can give you, including independence, tolerance, and an understanding of a new culture. Then, describe how each of these can make you a better person. 

Tip: If writing an essay sounds like a lot of work, simplify it. Write a simple 5 paragraph essay instead.If you’re still stuck, check out our general resource of essay writing topics .

Martin is an avid writer specializing in editing and proofreading. He also enjoys literary analysis and writing about food and travel.

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A Huge Change: My Experience of Moving to Another Country

Moving to a new country every two years

Moving to another country is a thrilling and life-changing experience!

It opens up a whole new world of opportunities, challenges, and personal growth.

It is an often discussed topic at social events; have you ever lived in a different country? and what was your experience like? 

I can honestly say that moving to another country (my first one China ) was one of the best decisions I’ve ever made. 

In this article, I will share my experience of moving to different places and countries , the ups and downs, an unexpected con, the lessons learned, and how it has shaped me into the person I am today .

This will help you to know what to expect and perhaps get you even more excited to take the big step. 🙂

So, if you’re considering taking the leap into a new adventure, buckle up and get ready!

My Experience Of Moving To Another Country: Why I decided to move 

Moving to another country is a huge decision that can bring about countless opportunities and experiences. In all honestly I didn’t have to think long about this decision.

My wife and I agreed within a few seconds that this is what we want; to experience the adventure of living in another country.

But still is was a culmination of personal motivations and aspirations.

In this introduction, I will outline the reasons why I have chosen to embark on this incredible journey and seek a new life in a foreign country.

Firstly , one of the main reasons for myself behind my decision to move to another country is the pursuit of a different life. My life wasn’t bad or anything, not at all, I just wanted something different.

Moving to another country was something I had always dreamed of, and there were several main reasons why I wanted to embark on this adventure.

Secondly , the chance to move abroad was truly once in a lifetime. It was an opportunity that I knew I couldn’t let go by. It was a way to challenge myself and grow as an individual.

As they say, yolo! (do people still say that?) but you do only live once, and I wanted to make the most of every moment by exploring a new world. 

Lastly , I wanted to immerse myself in different cultures. I wanted to learn from diverse perspectives, understand different ways of life, and appreciate the beauty of cultural differences.

It was an incredible opportunity to not only expand my knowledge but also foster a deeper sense of empathy and understanding for others.

Living abroad was my dream and an irresistible pull towards a life filled with endless possibilities. It was a chance to live life to the fullest and create memories I could never in my home country. 

Reasons to relocate in short

• Just wanting a different life
• A once in a lifetime chance
• Yolo! You only live once!
• Experiencing new cultures

"From 13 years old I've been interested in making electronic music. From 18 years old I was a DJ until now basically which is almost 20 years! One of the main reasons I wanted to become a DJ was because it was the perfect combination of working with music and traveling. Fast forward, years later after 500 shows all around the world I realised that eventho I was traveling a lot I still couldn't experience new places and cultures to the fullest. There was never enough time. Sometimes I was able to plan an extra day. But what is one day to see an entire city? Hence, I wanted to travel more and stay longer in a foreign location." From DJ to Traveler

Research and Planning: How I prepared for my new life in a new place

Research and planning are important for any successful move.

When my wife and I decided to relocate, I knew I had to be prepared and organized to ensure a smooth transition.

One of the first things I had to arrange was of course, a visa! We had two months time to arrange everything.

After one week we found out that if I wanted to come along with my wife (who got a work visa) we had to get married. Sure, why not! Let’s do it.

Next, I created a moving checklist . I listed all the necessary tasks such as changing addresses, packing belongings and how to find a house there. Breaking down these tasks into smaller, manageable steps helped me stay focused. Additionally, I reached out to friends, family, and online for advice and recommendations. 

In the end we just packed our bags, booked a hotel for 2 weeks, and that’s it! 

Finding a Place to Live: The process of finding a house

Finding a place to live may seem difficult, but with the right mindset and resources, it can become quite and exciting adventure. 

How to find a house really depends on the country you are going to. In our case when we moved to China , I knew WeChat is used for everything. So online I found several agents and added them on WeChat.  

But house hunting is more than just searching for four walls and a roof; it’s about finding a place that will truly feel like your home.

This is especially important when your abroad! You’re in a completely unknown country far away from home.

So to avoid homesickness it is important to find the right place where you will feel at home. This led us to the decision of spending a bit more than initially planned. But it was worth it.

It’s just so important to feel at home when friends and family are not around.

When we relocated from China, to The Netherlands, to Erbil we had the choice of living closer to the city center in a smaller apartment with restaurants and coffee shops around, or to live a bit further away from the city center in a house with a garden but with less things to do in the neighbourhood.

We choses the bigger house and live further from the city center. The air is much better there and having a garden provides just more freedom.

Tip: Go with your gut feeling. Its nice to have restaurants around but if it doesn’t feel right then don’t do it.

Dealing with Homesickness: Coping strategies for missing family and friends

When you start your life in another country you can experience home sickness.

Especially after the first few months of being away from home your right between the feeling of being far from home and being in a foreign country where you are not feeling at home quite yet.

But I knew I made the right decision. Adjusting to a new environment can be tough, but there are things to do that help you deal with homesickness and make the most out of your experience.

Firstly , make an effort to stay connected with your loved ones. Schedule regular video calls or create group chats to deal with the distance. Taking part in local activities and making new friends can also help ease homesickness.

I just went to the park in China with my basketball and joined a group. People are super welcoming when they see a foreign face.

Also, remember to take care of yourself physically and emotionally. Eat well, exercise regularly, and find healthy outlets for your emotions such as journaling or talking to a counselor.

Believe in yourself and your ability to handle change, for homesickness is just a temporary bump in the road on your exciting journey of growth and transformation. 

In my experience after that certain bump of a few months you will see the beauty of the new country you are living in .

You will start to appreciate all those odd habits of people in the city.

You’ll start to find your way in town, with apps, people, perhaps an expat community, which makes everything just so much more pleasant.

What also can help is to bring along some of your favorite food from your home country so you can make your favorite dish! This will help to make you feel like home.

Dealing with homesickness In Short

• Schedule video calls with friends and family back home
• Meet people, socialize and make friends
• Bring your favorite food or spices from your country

Overcoming Challenges of starting a new Life in a Different Country

When moving abroad you probably have to deal with language barriers .

Embrace the opportunity to pick up a new language when you move to a different country! It is a crucial step in fully immersing yourself in the local culture. When I made the exciting leap to China, I had zero knowledge of Mandarin.

However, I enrolled in language lessons and dove headfirst into learning. The best way to learn a new language is to just do it! Try sentences at a store, bar or cafe and local folks will appreciate it and help you to explain how to say things in their language.

The way I dealt with cultural differences was just to be flexible. For example, in The Netherlands, everyone is very strict about time. If you have an appointment at 2 pm., you’re there at 2 pm, or preferably 5 minutes before. In many other countries folks can just come an hour later without any notice.

This also happened in China. Being flexible and to let go of some of my Dutch habits helped me to adjust to the new ways of living.

Stepping out of your comfort zone is the way to go.

Social Network in a new country: New connections, socialize and making friends

One of the most remarkable things I’ve learned living in a foreign country, was the welcoming vibe of other expats. What I mean by that is that those people who also took the same jump of moving to a different country are very likeminded people.

When I met some expats they immediately helped me with which apps to use, how to order food, get a taxi, what the best locations is for this and that and so on. This is something that you would never experience in your home country. It made things more easy and I made friends very quick.

In most countries there is an expat community that are open and super welcoming to new faces. On a regular basis in China the expat community held a pub-quiz. Normally in my country I wouldn’t go to a pub-quiz… But here, sure why not!

After the first pub-quiz I already made new friends. Something as simple as a pub-quiz can really help with finding friends.

Memorable moments living in a foreign country 

Moving to a strange new country can, or perhaps will, give some unexpected experiences. During this life-changing experience there will be bumps on the road.

But, because of all these bumps you will learn so much. Things you would have never learned in your home country!

I could write an entire book about unexpected surprises so I’ll just sum some of them up here:

• When I took language classes the owner of the school invited my wife and I and all my friends for a big dinner in Beijing.
• Me and my wife were invited to a Chinese wedding.
• I got to know a Chinese guy who lived 10 minutes from our home in Beijing. After we met we saw each other almost every day to hang out!
• The freedom of making money. I was able to perform in clubs, produce some music, have a job and so on. Much more freedom than in Europe where most of the time you’re stuck at on job.
• I met several Chinese millionaires that told me the craziest stories.
• Another thing I didn’t expect was that I actually miss living in China.
• The beautiful mountains in Iraqi Kurdistan, crazy!

3 Essential Tips for Anyone Thinking of Starting a new life abroad

1.   Share the idea: All I can say is that if you ever get the chance, or if there is just a slight opportunity you can take then do it.

If there isn’t, than try to create an opportunity. Share the idea of moving from one country to another to as many people as you can and there is always someone that knows a guy who knows a guy.

Sharing your idea with others really helps with kicking off your adventure.

Someone might have a relative where you can stay or someone might know about a job at certain company, who knows!

Before starting your journey, it is important to check if your bank allows you to keep your bank account while living abroad.

2. Contact your bank: In my case, when my bank found out, I got an e-mail saying they thought I was living in China, which is outside of the EU and they would cancel my account in 30 days ! How crazy is that.

3. Find someone you can trust: Another tip I can give is if you don’t speak the language yet, find someone that can and that your trust. When you’re moving abroad you’ll have to sign a housing contract for example.

What we did was make pictures of the contract and sent it to that friend who could read it and checked the contract for any odd things. Also, if you don’t know how to ask someone anything important you can call that friend and let him explain it on the phone. This really helps in the first few months.

Consumer affairs wrote a handy checklist as well.

Check out my personal moving to another country checklist.

Tips for relocating in short:

• Check the specifications of your bank account if your allowed to keep it while living abroad
• Find a friend who can read and speak the language that you can call
• just do it!

What is it like to live in China? The Complete Guide

• Living as Expat in Erbil · Kurdistan: A Complete Overview

Living in a Hutong in Beijing: A Complete Overview

Living In Shanghai as an Expat

An unexpected con of living in a new country.

Now that I’ve lived several years abroad a thing that I didn’t expect is this:

Whenever I tell about things I’ve experienced abroad, people in my own country don’t quite understand it.

I could tell enthusiastically about the craziest things that happened but it just wouldn’t resonate with them. Because they’ve never been there, it is just too far away from them to comprehend it.

When I chatted with other people that did live abroad I could tell that they did understand it because they experienced similar things. This, kind of made me feel less connected with my home country.

I never expected this to happen. I expected people in my home country to really wanted to hear what I’ve experienced but most of the time it just didn’t resonate with them at all.

It’s tough not to be able to really share all those amazing times you had abroad.

Reflecting on my experience moving to another country 

Moving to a new country has been one of the most epic experiences of my life.

I have become more adaptable, resilient, and open-minded. I have learned to embrace change and uncertainty, knowing that they are the catalysts for growth.

Stepping into a foreign land has forced me to confront some fears, break down barriers, and build many new connections. I have had to learn how to find my way in unfamiliar territory without speaking the language, and adapt to different social norms.

These challenges have taught me patience, perseverance, and problem-solving skills that I can apply to any aspect of my life. Moreover, my experiences in a new country have given me a deeper appreciation for diversity and the richness it brings to our lives!

I have come to realize that the world is much bigger than the small box, (my music studio), I inhabited before. I am grateful for every step I have taken and every person I have met on this incredible journey. 

• Moving To A New Country: The Complete Checklist You Need
• The 10 Best (And Doable) Ways To Make Money Abroad
• Living In Shanghai
• Traveling Safe in a New Country: 14 Pro Tips
• Life in a Hutong: A Complete Overview
• Traveling with Cats: 16 Essential Tips (from experience)

Useful websites

• https://www.expertsinmoving.com
• https://www.multilingualjobsworldwide.com
• https://www.expat.com/

F.A.Q. Moving to Another country

There were many reasons that led to my decision to move abroad. I wanted to experience a new culture and language, explore new and exciting opportunities, and challenge myself to adapt to a different way of life. My wife got a job offering in China and we decided to go for it.

The most challenging part of moving away was finding my way in a new town. My wife had a job, but I had to start from scratch.

Adapting to a new city took time, but I found it helpful to join local groups and just go to any social event.

Yes, there were moments of culture shock, especially in the beginning when I arrived in China. Everything from the, sometimes strange, food, customs, and even the way people interacted was different.

Plus, there aren’t many foreigners in China so being the only European sometimes in an airport or station was odd.

Yes, there were times when I felt homesick. But it wasn’t as bad as I expected. Especially after the first few months it became more easy when I made more friends.

The most rewarding part of expat life is the opportunity to enrich my life with new experiences and perspectives. Living in a different country has broadened my horizons and helped me grow personally.

Dealing with the time difference required some adjustment! In China it was 7 hours later than back home. I didn’t realize that the time difference would make scheduling video calls more difficult. 

Yes, when I moved to a different country, I had to open a new bank account. It was important to have a local bank account for daily transactions and to manage my finances effectively. Luckily we were able to arrange it very quick.

A funny things that happened when we were opening a bank account was when I had to fill in a form. The form asked about my occupation but there wasn’t any option of self-employed, or perhaps DJ.  The closest alternative available was the term “celebrity,” so that’s what I enthusiastically filled in!

Chris Oberman is the creator of Moving Jack and has been traveling the world for over 20 years to 40+ countries.

He lives in a different country every two years which allows him to gain unique in-depth insights in places abroad.

Read more about the author.

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The Effects of Moving to Another Country

Table of contents, cultural adaptation and identity, personal growth and resilience, enhanced global perspective, impact on social relationships, challenges and adaptation.

• Ward, C., Bochner, S., & Furnham, A. (2001). The psychology of culture shock. Psychology Press.
• Searle, W., & Ward, C. (1990). The prediction of psychological and sociocultural adjustment during cross-cultural transitions. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 14(4), 449-464.
• Berry, J. W. (2005). Acculturation: Living successfully in two cultures. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29(6), 697-712.
• Chirkov, V., Safdar, S., de Guzman, J., & Playford, K. (2008). Personality and socio-economic correlates of cultural and non-cultural subjective well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(4), 509-525.
• Chen, G. M., & Starosta, W. J. (2000). The development and validation of the intercultural communication sensitivity scale. Human Communication, 3(1), 1-15.

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The Pros & Cons of Moving to a New Country

Amanda is an undergraduate student studying economics and journalism at Colorado State University...

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How to move to another country

It’s official. You’ve finally summoned up the courage to pack your bags, submitted your two weeks notice, and broke the news to your friends and family that you’re peacing out and moving to a foreign country. But, before you officially step onto that plane, there are a few important things you should consider before moving abroad .

Below is a list of the most important pros and cons of moving to a new country that you should definitely review before even considering a move abroad:

Moving abroad to Barcelona, Spain will give you an endless city and culture to explore.

The Pros of Moving to Another Country

Although you may have already generated a list of general “pros” in your head, here’s a list that will sum up all of the benefits of moving abroad:

1. Travel Opportunities

The concept of “travel” could range from merely exploring your own neighborhood to venturing beyond and embarking on an adventure to a neighboring country.

[ GoAbroad is Hiring NOW—See Open Positions & Work Abroad in the Philippines ]

One of the greatest perks of moving to a foreign country is the abundance of new cities and areas just waiting to be explored (in fact, here are 5 jobs that will PAY you to travel !). Depending on where you move abroad, the ability to travel around – and outside – of that country may vary from a short train ride to a couple hours airtime. Even for less exotic local exploration, there will always be that one Mom and Pop shop you haven’t been into yet or that hole-in-the-wall restaurant that you’ve been just dying to try.

No matter what, you’ll never find yourself in that monotonous routine— which may have been the deciding factor in your choice to move abroad in the first place. It’s time to get off the hamster wheel and open yourself up to all of the new opportunities and experiences that come hand-in-hand with travel .

Get to know la dolce vita living in Italy for a year.

2. Expansion of Knowledge

With travel comes the power of knowledge and learning. You can constantly learn about different cultures, languages, and histories as you travel to new cities and countries.

Wherever you decide to travel and move to, the amount of knowledge and real-world experience you’ll gain is priceless. Museums, books, classes, tours, etc., all become your teachers, but knowledge is also gained through merely taking a walk to the nearest grocery store and engaging in meaningful conversation with a local. These types of experiences are something that can’t be learned by reading a book, or even by searching online.

One of the greatest ways to learn is “by doing.” After moving abroad, you may encounter individuals and situations that you’re not used to, or have never experienced, but each will enable you to intellectually grow and mature in intangible ways.

[Keep Reading: 7 Jobs Abroad That Will Kick You Career Into Gear ]

3. personal growth.

When you move to a new country, you’ll be thrown into brand new situations and settings that may seem intimidating and scary at first, but are always the best ways to grow as an individual.

It’s a given that you’ll experience immense personal growth both emotionally – and physically – while living abroad (can’t deny that all the new cultural cuisines you’ll be eating won’t add a little extra somethin’!). The emotional growth you’ll experience is something that you may have been lacking in your current living situation; if you think about it, you’ve probably experienced and explored everything there is to do and you’ve met almost everyone around. Where’s the fun in that?

Japan is just waiting for you to move abroad and explore all the wonders of this country and culture.

4. New Relationships

Anyone moving to a foreign country will expand their social circle, friendships, and relationships tremendously. You never know who you’ll meet abroad.

You will be new to the city and neighborhood, surrounded by a sea of new faces, and have no idea how to navigate around. Of course introducing yourself – a new, friendly face – and striking up conversation with strangers is one of the easiest strategies for quickly adjusting to your newfound home. As time goes on, you’ll eventually find yourself developing friendships and relationships that’ll make it hard to believe you were living all those years before without that specific person or group of people.

Moving abroad also means you’ll be expanding your career network . In addition to creating personal friendships, you’ll also make professional connections in your workplace, internship, or volunteer organization. These coveted international connections will be that key to future career success!

[First time working abroad? Download our FREE eBook for even more tips & tales from workers abroad]

The Cons of Moving to a New Country

With every decision, comes a potential downside — especially a decision as life-changing as moving to a new country. Hopefully, this list of pros and cons of moving abroad will help you equally assess both sides before making a final decision.

1. Culture Shock

Culture shock may be triggered by anything, but the usual culprits are the differences in living situations, food, transportation, and social mannerisms.

When you first arrive in the new country, the culture shock you experience may cause great waves of homesickness and a lot of thoughts like: “What I wouldn’t give for my Wednesday night Chipotle and Game of Thrones ritual.” Initially, you’ll feel really overwhelmed and frustrated – the good news is that this culture shock is only temporary. Try your best to adjust by keeping an open mind and heart when you find yourself in situations that seem “bizarre” to you.

The best way to adjust to the shock as quickly as possible is to physically go out and immerse yourself in the culture as much as possible; even if this means trying new foods like chicken feet! The more you expose yourself, the more you’ll start to gather routine and familiarity. Don’t just hide out and hermit in your apartment! If you’re going to be living in a foreign country, you gotta, well, LIVE .

[Keep Reading: The Secrets to Coping with Culture Shock ]

Moving abroad to London opens up the whole Continent for further exploration.

2. Language Barrier

Branching from culture shock are language barriers — Parlez-vous Francais? ¿Hablas español? 你会说中文吗? The best way to break down this barrier is to simply learn the native language.

If you’re moving to a new country that has a native language different than your mother tongue, you’re bound to experience communication barriers. So, y ou should consider taking language classes before, and especially after, moving to a foreign country. Although learning a language may not be as easy as it was when you were eight-years-old, it’s not impossible. With determination and practice, you’ll be fluently communicating with locals in no time.

For those stubborn enough to not learn the language formally, you can still get by without ripping your hair out. We recommend a combination of charades, speaking slowly, smiling, and patience.

[ Find Language Courses in Your Destination of Choice ]

3. finances.

It’s essential to save up for your move abroad months in advance and b race yourself to adjust to a different type of currency – we recommend mastering those exchange rates ASAP.

Balancing a budget is already hard enough, but balancing your finances and expenses before and after moving to a foreign country is the ultimate challenge, especially when you first arrive. We understand the excitement and thrill that greets you after stepping off the plane may cause you to impulse-buy everything you can get your hands on, but really, how many mini keychains that say “ Italia ” do you really need?

While you’re living in a foreign country, it may take you a few weeks, or even months, to land a job and steady income, so make sure to have a couple of months worth of money stored up in your reserves. Or, you could always find a job abroad BEFORE you make the big move.

If culture shock is holding you back from making the move abroad, a Western country like Australia might be that happy medium.

4. “New kid” Syndrome

When moving to a new country, you may feel as if you’re the “new kid” all over again for the first week or two upon arriving to your new home. This is completely normal.

Think back to a time when you hesitantly walked into a classroom full of unfamiliar faces — a teacher you’ve never seen before may be writing “Algebra” (basically a foreign language) on the board and a group of kids may be throwing around inside jokes and slang that you don’t recognize. This is a situation that we have all been through before, but it remains intimidating and overwhelming at the same time.

No one will open the door to their new home abroad and be instantly greeted by lifelong friends and family. The best way to overcome this feeling is to take a deep breath and focus on why you decided to move abroad in the first place. Oh, and patience.

Decision Time: Are You Ready to Move Abroad?

Moving to a new country isn’t exactly the same as moving down the street. This type of change requires prior planning and a ton of research. Picking up your life and moving abroad can expose you to experiences and opportunities that would never have been achievable if you stayed put. Although this type of change will be the adventure of a lifetime, you should conduct in-depth research about how to move abroad, the country, and city you want to settle down in .

Here are our top picks to get you abroad ASAP:

• Join Asia Internship Programme in, you guessed it...Asia!
• Get an International Ski Camp Job through Viamonde
• Choose from a Variety of Job Opportunities Abroad from InterExchange
• Become an Intern in one of 11 Global Cities with The Intern Group

Before you 100 percent decide where to move abroad, you should consider ALL the volunteer , internship , and job opportunities that are available — it’s always great to expand your horizons! But, once you're read, go for it! D ive into new waters and move abroad, and explore new cultures, languages, and lifestyles while you're at it. 

Find Thousands of Opportunities to Move Abroad on GoAbroad Now

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Living in a foreign country

I had the chance to travel to a foreign country three decades ago. Living in a country other than your own is a life journey in which you can acquire experience, learn about other cultures, customs, languages, and so on. The feeling of living in a foreign country can be both daunting and thrilling, and it can also contribute to the acquisition of useful information. People who have lived away from their families, let alone away from their country, face significant consequences and/or challenges. Living in a foreign world has three general consequences that can alter people’s personal lives. The major effect, and obvious common one, is missing anything that reminds you of both your family and hometown. When you encounter some issues which require an emotional support, it would make you realize how valuable your family is. Not to mention, the simple things would remind you of your family traditions as well as the community life around you.

The second main effect is adjusting to new cultures and traditions of foreign societies. Living abroad would open your eyes somehow on how to appreciate and embrace our differences. In addition, it will be an opportunity to develop your opinion for societies and value different opinions in which you can achieve the true knowledge.

The last and probably the most important effect is personal development and learning a new language. Living away from home helps you become confident and independent. It will also teach you how to organize your life and achieve your goals. Living in a foreign country could give some people both hard things and a new life. Living far from family could be difficult in your life, but it can lead to growth, to independence, and to learn other cultures and traditions. Not everyone is fortunate enough to be presented with this type of opportunity, so you should take advantage of its benefits.

Living in a foreign country excites the imagination and ignites every adventurous spirit. The experience inspires one to explore the other part of the world. However, the experience can be overwhelming while trying to make yourself understood and expressing yourself to strangers. One is expected to unlearn old ways of doing things and stick to the foreign life. It is expected that one accepts their new home, which in many cases involves changed expectations of yourself and others. One suffers lost identity and familiarity with friends and family who are pillars of encouragement and fun.

The first challenge in foreign country is loneliness. Loneliness is a challenge that affects people with personality issues. For some people, living in a foreign country implies making new friends and networking. Social people find making new friends and exploring the world in a different style exciting. For the rest, social life may be challenging and loneliness dawns most of the time. If you are not good at making friends, you find yourself calling back home often and trying to catch up with events of your home country. The internet especially skype can be used to reduce episodes of loneliness. However, keeping in touch with family does not reduce loneliness and one would eventually feel comfortable if they make connection with friends in the foreign country.

The best way to deal with issues of loneliness is by developing networking skills and striking conversations with strangers. The little conversations create confidence with other people and eventually one discovers that the “stranger” had something in common. There are also online sites that offer opportunities for people to socialize. It is obvious that people with similar interests and hobbies form interesting social groups hence reducing loneliness.

Living in a foreign country can be challenging while trying to adopt to new culture. Language barrier is often a problem for most people. Different countries use different languages and one would be lucky enough to find a country that uses a language known to them. It is required that one learns basics of the foreign language before they travel to a new country. It is only convenient to understand foreign language so as to avoid confusion when expressing oneself. Good communication skills facilitates learning of a new language as one is able to express themselves in an acceptable manner. Skills such as use of body languages and gestures that are well known bridges the gap between foreigners and the visitor.

Culture shock describes the little things that will face you by surprise. In most cases, one finds themselves paying a price for sticking out and acting different from everyone else. Sometimes it is the speed at which people are moving and the inefficiency of services offered. In most cases, one finds themselves thinking differently from everyone else for instance, the way one is dressed, the way they speak or even drive. It is surprising how everyone seems to enjoy the environment while you are the only one bothered. It is necessary that you observe the environment around before doing something crazy, only for people around you to realize you are a total stranger. Although fitting in is a challenge, doing research in advance of the foreign country helps reduce the challenge on culture shock.

Food may not seem like a big deal at first but it is rare to find restaurants that offers similar food to what is offered back home. Not everything will be to your liking since different countries have different local dishes. Adapting to new dishes requires psychological preparation as well as a backup plan just in case one fails to adapt so fast. Regular visits to tourist destinations offers an opportunity to eat your home food but at a high rate. Adapting to foreign food greatly saves money and significantly reduces challenges experienced during your stay.

Living in a foreign country presents various benefits both for personal growth and personal development. First, an opportunity to meet amazing people with amazing stories is presented. The opportunity expands our way of thinking and a better perspective of viewing life is presented. You might be even lucky enough to find someone who inspires your life. Secondly, it is an opportunity to learn another language and culture. Learning new culture presents an opportunity to interact with many people hence a foundation for creating networks with the world. The third benefit of living in a foreign country is ability to obtain a global perspective. One starts to see life through a different perspective. As perspective and values are inspired, one experiences personal growth different from those inspired by your home country.

Life in a foreign country presents both challenges and benefits. Challenges include language barrier, culture shock and loneliness. The challenges depend on the personality of an individual. Social people and those who are equipped with conversational skills find it exciting exploring the new culture. They make friends learn the new culture which is often inspired by their adventurous spirit. It is fun to explore new places, new dishes and making friends in a foreign country. One gets an opportunity to develop themselves into becoming better people. The opportunity presents a chance to learn new language, make friends and appreciating life in a better perspective. Life in a foreign country is a life changing experience that inspires one to explore and stretch their abilities in learning becoming better people in the society. Although the experience might be shocking and difficult, the results are incredible and everyone should aspire to live in a foreign country at some point of their life.

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Essay on Moving To A New Country

Students are often asked to write an essay on Moving To A New Country in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Moving To A New Country

Introduction.

Moving to a new country is a big step. It means leaving your home and going to a place where things may be very different. You might have to learn a new language, eat different food, and meet new people. It can be exciting, but also a bit scary.

Learning New Things

When you move to a new country, you have to learn many new things. You might need to learn a new language or how to use different money. You also have to learn about the country’s customs and traditions. This can be fun, but also hard work.

Meeting New People

Moving to a new country means you’ll meet lots of new people. This can be fun because you can make new friends. But it can also be hard, especially if you miss your old friends and family. You have to be brave and try to make new friends.

Experiencing Different Cultures

In a new country, you’ll experience a different culture. You might try new foods, see different styles of clothing, or learn about new holidays. This can be exciting and interesting, but it can also be a little confusing at first.

Moving to a new country is a big adventure. It can be hard at times, but it can also be very rewarding. You’ll learn a lot, meet new people, and experience a different culture. It’s an experience you’ll never forget.

250 Words Essay on Moving To A New Country

Moving to a new country.

Moving to a new country is a big step. It can be exciting and scary at the same time. It’s like going on a long adventure where you get to learn new things, meet new people, and experience a different way of life.

Why People Move

People move to new countries for many reasons. Some move for work, others for school, and some people move to be with family or friends. Some people also move to experience a new culture or way of life.

Challenges of Moving

Moving to a new country can be hard. You have to learn a new language, understand new rules, and adapt to a new culture. You might miss your old home, your friends, and your family. But it’s also a chance to make new friends, learn new things, and grow as a person.

Benefits of Moving

Moving to a new country can be a great experience. You get to learn about a new culture, try new foods, and see new places. It can make you more open-minded and understanding of other people’s ways of life. You also get to make new friends and have new experiences.

Moving to a new country is a big decision. It can be hard, but it can also be a great adventure. It’s a chance to learn, grow, and experience new things. So, if you ever get the chance to move to a new country, think about it carefully, but also be open to the adventure.

500 Words Essay on Moving To A New Country

Moving to a new country is a big step in a person’s life. It means leaving your home and going to a place that is different in many ways. This can be exciting but also scary. You might be moving for a job, to study, or to join family. No matter the reason, you will face many new experiences.

Learning New Culture

One of the first things you notice when you move to a new country is the different culture. Culture includes things like food, music, clothing, and traditions. In your old country, you knew all about these things. In the new country, you have to learn them all over again. This can be fun, like trying a new food for the first time. But it can also be hard, like not knowing the rules for a social event.

Language Barrier

Another challenge you might face is the language. If the people in the new country speak a different language, you will need to learn it. This can be hard and take a lot of time. But it is also a great chance to learn something new. Knowing more than one language can be very useful.

Moving to a new country also means meeting new people. At first, you might not know anyone. This can be lonely. But over time, you can make new friends. These people can help you learn about the new country. They can also be a support system for you.

Adapting to New Environment

The environment in a new country can be very different from your old country. This includes the weather, the landscape, and the city or town layout. It might take some time to get used to these changes. For example, if you move from a hot country to a cold one, you will need to learn how to dress warmly.

Moving to a new country is a big change. It can be hard at times, but it can also be a great adventure. You can learn new things, meet new people, and experience a different way of life. It might be scary at first, but with time, you can feel at home in your new country. So, if you ever get the chance to move to a new country, remember that it is a chance to grow and learn.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

• Essay on Moving On In Life
• Essay on Meeting New Friends
• Essay on Meeting Dad For The First Time

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Apr 10, 2023

How To Write Essays About Immigration (With Examples)

Immigrants bring diverse perspectives and skills that can enrich our societies and economies. If you want to gain insight into the impact of immigration on society and culture, keep reading!

Immigration, a subject deeply woven into the fabric of global discussions, touches on political, economic, and social nuances. As globalization propels many to seek new horizons, understanding the multifaceted impacts of migration is crucial. Crafting a compelling essay on such a vast topic requires more than just research; it demands the delicate weaving of insights into a coherent narrative. For those keen on delivering a polished essay on immigration, considering assistance from a reliable essay writing tool can be a game-changer. This tool not only refines the craft of writing but ensures your perspectives on immigration are articulated with clarity and precision.

Here are our Top 5 Essay Examples and Ideas about Immigration:

The economic impact of immigration on host countries, introduction.

In many nations, immigration has been a hotly debated issue, with supporters and opponents disputing how it would affect the home nation. The economic impact of immigration on host countries is one of the essential components of this discussion. Immigration's economic effects may be favorable or harmful, depending on many circumstances.

This article will examine the economic effects of immigration on the receiving nations, examining both the advantages and disadvantages that immigration may have. You will better know how immigration impacts a nation's economy and the variables that influence it after this article.

Immigration's effects on labor markets

An essential component of the total economic impact of immigration is how it affects labor markets. Immigration may affect labor markets, including shifting labor supply and demand, opening new job possibilities, and perhaps affecting local employees' earnings and prospects. This section will examine how immigration affects labor markets in receiving nations.

The shift in the labor supply is one of immigration's most apparent effects on labor markets. When more employees are available in the host nation due to immigration, there may be more competition for open positions. In fields that serve immigrant populations, such as ethnic food shops or language schools, immigrants can also generate new jobs.

Another significant impact of immigration on labor markets is its effect on wages and income distribution. Some studies have suggested that immigration can reduce wages for native workers, particularly those who are less educated or have lower skill levels. 

Immigrants can also contribute to economic growth and innovation, which can positively impact labor markets. Immigrants often have unique skills, experiences, and perspectives that can help drive innovation and create new job opportunities in the host country. Furthermore, immigrants are often more entrepreneurial and more likely to start businesses, which can generate new jobs and contribute to economic growth.

The effect of immigration on wages and income distribution

The effect of immigration on wages and income distribution is a crucial area of concern in the overall economic impact of immigration. Immigration can affect wages and income distribution in various ways, which can have significant implications for both native workers and immigrants. In this section, we will explore the effect of immigration on wages and income distribution in host countries.

One of the primary ways that immigration can impact wages and income distribution is by changing the supply and demand of labor. With an influx of immigrants, the labor supply increases, which can lead to increased competition for jobs. Some studies suggest that immigration harms wages for native workers, while others offer no significant effect.

Another way that immigration can impact wages and income distribution is through its effect on the composition of the workforce. Immigrants often fill low-skilled jobs in industries such as agriculture, construction, and hospitality, which tend to pay lower wages. 

Immigration can also impact income distribution by contributing to the overall level of economic inequality in a host country. While immigration can lead to lower wages for some native workers, it can also lead to higher wages and increased economic mobility for some immigrants. Furthermore, immigrants may face various barriers to upward mobility, such as discrimination or lack of access to education and training. This can lead to increased income inequality between native and immigrant workers.

The contribution of immigrants to economic growth and innovation

Immigrants have historically played a significant role in driving economic growth and innovation in host countries. In this section, we will explore the contribution of immigrants to economic growth and innovation and the factors that enable them to do so.

One of the primary ways that immigrants contribute to economic growth is through their entrepreneurial activities. Immigrants are often more likely to start their businesses than native-born individuals, and these businesses can create jobs and drive economic growth. Immigrant entrepreneurs have contributed to developing industries such as technology, healthcare, and hospitality. Additionally, immigrants are often overrepresented in STEM fields, which is critical to driving innovation and economic growth.

Another way that immigrants contribute to economic growth is through their impact on the labor force. Immigrants tend to be more mobile than native-born individuals, which can lead to a more flexible and adaptable workforce. Immigrants also tend to fill critical roles in industries such as healthcare and agriculture, which are essential to maintaining the functioning of the economy. By filling these roles, immigrants contribute to the overall productivity and growth of the economy.

The costs and benefits of social welfare programs for immigrants

The issue of social welfare programs for immigrants has been a controversial topic in many host countries. In this section, we will explore the costs and benefits of social welfare programs for immigrants and the policy implications.

One of the primary benefits of social welfare programs for immigrants is that they can help reduce poverty and promote social inclusion. Immigrants often face significant barriers to economic mobility, such as language barriers and discrimination. Social welfare programs can help provide a safety net for those struggling to make ends meet and promote social cohesion by reducing inequalities.

However, social welfare programs for immigrants also come with costs. One concern is that these programs may attract immigrants primarily seeking to access social welfare benefits rather than contributing to the economy. This can strain public finances and create resentment among native-born individuals who feel their tax dollars are being used to support immigrants.

Another concern is that social welfare programs may create disincentives for immigrants to work and contribute to the economy. If the benefits of social welfare programs are too generous, some immigrants may choose to rely on them rather than seek employment. This can create long-term dependence and reduce overall economic productivity.

The impact of immigration on public finances and fiscal policies

The effect of immigration on public finances and fiscal policies is a topic of significant interest and debate. This section will explore how immigration affects public finances and how host countries can implement budgetary policies to manage the impact.

One way that immigration can impact public finances is through taxes. Immigrants who are employed and pay taxes can contribute to the tax base of the host country, which can provide additional revenue for public services and infrastructure. However, immigrants who are not employed or earn low wages may contribute fewer taxes, which can strain public finances. 

Fiscal policies can be used to manage the impact of immigration on public finances. One guideline is to increase taxes on immigrants to offset the costs of public services they use. However, this can create a disincentive for highly skilled and educated immigrants to migrate to the host country. Another policy is to increase spending on public services to accommodate the needs of immigrants. However, this can strain public finances and lead to resentment among native-born individuals who feel their tax dollars are being used to support immigrants.

In conclusion, the economic impact of immigration is a complex issue with both costs and benefits for host countries. Immigration can impact labor markets, wages and income distribution, economic growth and innovation, social welfare programs, public finances, and fiscal policies. 

The social and cultural implications of immigration

Immigration has social and cultural implications that affect both immigrants and host countries. The movement of people from one place to another can result in a blending of cultures, traditions, and ideas. At the same time, immigration can also result in social and cultural tensions as different groups struggle to integrate and adjust to new environments. 

The social and cultural implications of immigration have become increasingly important in today's globalized world as the movement of people across borders has become more common. In this article, we will explore the various social and cultural implications of immigration and how they impact immigrants and host communities.

The impact of immigration on social cohesion and integration

Immigration has a significant impact on social cohesion and integration in host countries. Social cohesion refers to the degree to which members of a society feel connected and share a sense of belonging. In contrast, integration refers to the process by which immigrants become a part of the host society. Immigration can either enhance or hinder social cohesion and integration, depending on how it is managed and perceived by the host society.

Another factor that can impact social cohesion and integration is the level of diversity within the host society. Increased diversity can lead to greater cultural exchange and understanding but also social tensions and the formation of segregated communities. Promoting social interaction and cooperation among diverse groups can help mitigate these tensions and promote social cohesion.

The perception of immigrants by the host society also plays a significant role in social cohesion and integration. Negative stereotypes and discriminatory attitudes can hinder integration and create barriers to social cohesion. On the other hand, positive attitudes towards immigrants and their contributions to society can facilitate integration and promote social cohesion.

The role of language and communication in the integration of immigrants

Language and communication play a crucial role in integrating immigrants into host societies. Immigrants may need the ability to communicate effectively with others to overcome significant barriers to social and economic integration. Language and communication skills are essential for accessing education, finding employment, and participating in civic life.

Language is one of the primary barriers immigrants face when integrating into a new society. Without proficiency in the host country's language, immigrants may struggle to understand instructions, participate in conversations, and access essential services. This can lead to social isolation and hinder economic opportunities.

Language training programs are one way to address this issue. Effective language training programs can help immigrants learn the host country's language and develop the communication skills necessary for successful integration. These programs can also give immigrants the cultural knowledge and understanding essential to navigate the host society.

The effect of immigration on cultural diversity and identity

Immigration can significantly impact the cultural diversity and identity of both host societies and immigrant communities. The cultural exchange resulting from immigration can enrich societies and provide opportunities for learning and growth. However, immigration can also pose challenges to preserving cultural identities and maintaining social cohesion.

One of the primary ways in which immigration affects cultural diversity and identity is through the introduction of new customs, traditions, and beliefs. Immigrant communities often bring unique cultural practices, such as food, music, and art, that can enhance the cultural landscape of the host society. Exposure to new cultures can broaden the perspectives of individuals and communities, leading to greater tolerance and understanding.

The challenges and benefits of multiculturalism in host countries

Multiculturalism refers to the coexistence of different cultural groups within a society. It is a concept that has become increasingly important in modern societies characterized by race, ethnicity, religion, and language diversity. 

Multiculturalism is often promoted to promote tolerance, social cohesion, and the celebration of diversity. 

Challenges of multiculturalism

Multiculturalism presents a range of challenges that can impact host societies. These challenges include social division, discrimination, language barriers, and cultural clashes. For example, when immigrants share different values or traditions than the host society, this can lead to misunderstandings and conflict. Similarly, language barriers can limit communication and make it difficult for immigrants to integrate into the host society.

Benefits of multiculturalism

Multiculturalism can also bring a range of benefits to host societies. These benefits include increased cultural awareness and sensitivity, economic growth, and exchanging ideas and perspectives. For example, cultural diversity can provide opportunities for host societies to learn from different cultural practices and approaches to problem-solving. This can lead to innovation and growth.

Social cohesion

Social cohesion refers to the ability of a society to function harmoniously despite differences in culture, ethnicity, religion, and language. Multiculturalism can pose a challenge to social cohesion, but it can also promote it. Host societies can foster social cohesion by promoting the acceptance and understanding of different cultural groups. This can be achieved through policies and programs that promote intercultural dialogue, education, and community-building.

Discrimination and prejudice

Multiculturalism can also increase the risk of discrimination and prejudice. Discrimination can take many forms, including racial, religious, and cultural bias. Host societies can combat discrimination by implementing anti-discrimination laws and policies and promoting diversity and inclusion.

Economic benefits

Multiculturalism can also bring economic benefits to host societies. The presence of a diverse range of skills and talents can lead to innovation and economic growth. Immigrants can also get various skills and experiences contributing to the host society's economic development.

In conclusion, immigration has significant social and cultural implications for both host countries and immigrants. It affects social cohesion, integration, cultural diversity, and identity. Host countries face challenges and benefits of multiculturalism, including economic growth, innovation, and social change.

The role of immigration in shaping national identity

Immigration has always been a significant driver of cultural and social change, with immigrants often bringing their unique identities, values, and traditions to their new homes. As a result, immigration can play a crucial role in shaping national identity, as it challenges existing cultural norms and values and introduces new ideas and perspectives. 

In this article, we will explore the role of immigration in shaping national identity, including its effects on cultural diversity, social cohesion, and political discourse. We will also discuss the challenges and opportunities presented by immigration to national identity and the importance of embracing a diverse and inclusive national identity in today's globalized world.

Immigration and the evolution of national identity

The relationship between immigration and national identity is complex, as immigration can challenge and reinforce existing national identities. As immigrants bring new cultural practices and values, they challenge the existing norms and values of the host society, prompting a re-evaluation of what it means to be part of that society. This can create a more inclusive and diverse national identity as different cultural traditions and practices are recognized and celebrated.

At the same time, the influx of new immigrants can also create a sense of fear and anxiety among some members of the host society, who may view the changes brought about by immigration as a threat to their cultural identity. This can lead to calls for stricter immigration policies and a more limited definition of national identity, which can exclude or marginalize certain groups.

The role of immigrants in shaping cultural diversity

Immigrants have played a significant role in shaping cultural diversity in many countries. Their arrival in a new land brings their customs, traditions, beliefs, and practices, which contribute to society's richness and vibrancy. 

One of the key ways in which immigrants have shaped cultural diversity is through their contributions to the local community. Immigrants bring a wealth of knowledge, skills, and talents that can benefit the societies they move to. For example, they may introduce new cuisines, music, art, and literature that add to the cultural landscape of their new home. This can create a more diverse and inclusive society where different cultures are celebrated and appreciated.

Another important aspect of cultural diversity is the challenges immigrants face when adapting to a new culture. Moving to a new country can be a daunting experience, especially if the culture is vastly different from one's own. Immigrants may struggle with language barriers, cultural norms, and social customs that are unfamiliar to them. This can lead to feelings of isolation and exclusion, which can negatively impact their mental health and well-being.

The challenges of maintaining social cohesion amidst diversity

Strengthening social cohesion amidst diversity is a complex challenge many societies face today. Cultural, ethnic, religious, and language diversity can lead to tensions and conflicts if managed poorly. 

One of the main challenges of maintaining social cohesion amidst diversity is the need to balance the interests of different groups. This involves recognizing and respecting the cultural, religious, and linguistic diversity of society while also promoting a sense of shared identity and common values. This can be particularly challenging in contexts with competing interests and power imbalances between different groups.

Another challenge is the need to address discrimination and prejudice. Discrimination can take many forms, including unequal access to education, employment, housing, hate speech, and violence. Prejudice and stereotypes can also lead to social exclusion and marginalization of certain groups. Addressing these issues requires a concerted effort from the government, civil society, and individuals to promote tolerance and respect for diversity.

Promoting inclusive policies is another crucial factor in maintaining social cohesion amidst diversity. This includes policies promoting equal opportunities for all, regardless of background. This can involve affirmative action programs, targeted social policies, and support for minority groups. Inclusive policies can also create a sense of belonging and ownership among different groups, which helps foster social cohesion.

In conclusion, immigration profoundly influences the formation of national identity. As individuals from various backgrounds merge into a new country, they not only introduce their distinct cultural and ethnic traits but also embark on a journey of personal growth and adaptation. This process mirrors the development of key skills such as leadership, character, and community service, essential for thriving in diverse environments. These attributes are not only vital for immigrants as they integrate into society but are also exemplified in successful National Honor Society essays , where personal growth and societal contribution are celebrated. Thus, the experiences of immigrants significantly enrich the societal tapestry, reflecting in our collective values, beliefs, and practices.

To sum it all up:

To recapitulate writing a five-paragraph essay about immigration can be challenging, but with the right approach and resources, it can be a rewarding experience. Throughout this article, we have discussed the various aspects of immigration that one can explore in such an essay, including the economic impact, social and cultural implications, and the evolution of national identity. 

If you're looking for an AI-powered writing assistant to help you with your next writing project, sign up for Jenni.ai today. With its advanced language models and intuitive interface, Jenni.ai can provide you with personalized suggestions and feedback to improve your writing. Give it a try, Sign up for free and take your writing to the next level!

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Moving From One Country To Another (Essay Sample)

Moving to a new country.

It is always an adventurous and fun experience to explore and discover new places. Not only is it informative but also provide an individual with the chance to learn about the ways of life in other places too. Moving to another country however, offers a new dimension. People move to a new country for various reasons. It might be political, career, or simply for the sake of discovery. People flee wars or go for greener pastures in new countries. While it might be for all the possible reasons, moving to another country might come about with mixed results, while it also calls for a lot of things to be considered.

Moving to another country calls for some great degree of psychological preparation. This is especially the case when the move is pre-planned. In the unplanned moves, such as in the case of war, one might not have the chance to even prepare, since it happens so abruptly and the change is mandatory. It is never easy for anyone to just change the environment one has been used to for a long time. Well, it is human nature to dislike change, especially the sudden ones. As a result, moving to a new country means inviting new culture, lifestyle, and generally, starting one’s life afresh in a new environment.

There would be a high likelihood that one can suffer culture shock in the destination country, since some things would be automatically and obviously different to the home country. Some psychological preparation is key. Culture shock can be caused by anything and everything, the foods there might be different, the nature of sports, dressing as well as forms of entertainment. They might be quite contrasting to the ones back home. Loneliness might also ensue, since it would mean leaving all the friends and family back home, to venture into new territory where one might not know anyone. Depending on one’s personality, making friends is a process and might therefore take quite some time. One therefore needs some conditioning.

To do this, for example, one has to do some background research on the destination country. Tis is through reading or watching various features about the country, so as to acquire some knowledge or information about it. It helps one to have at least some preview about how the nation runs, and how its people relate. Having such a preview is key in ensuring that one at least has a head start once he lands in the country. It saves a great deal when it comes to also knowing the do’s and don’ts in the new country. Although guides might be there, having a little prior information is good. With the new environment however, one learns how to be resilient, slowly by slowly, one finds some nice or interesting spots to hang out. The new country starts being homely. Not before long, one settles and life becomes quite enjoyable.

In conclusion, moving to another country is quite an experience. People move in search of greener pastures, for the sake of adventure, or as a result of fleeing political unrest in their home countries. Moving to a new country offers its own set of goods as well as disadvantages. The advantages are economic or career progress and safety. As a low down, it offers loneliness and culture shock to the visitor. One needs to be prepared prior to moving to a new country, since it helps reduce the impact of the low downs. All in all, there will always be beautiful lessons that one can learn from moving to new countries. Lessons that can only be learnt through experience.

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Moving to Another Country: My New Life in America

• Categories: Immigration to America

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Words: 1257 |

Published: Sep 25, 2018

Words: 1257 | Pages: 3 | 7 min read

Works Cited

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Another Country

By Claudia Roth Pierpont

Feeling more than usually restless, James Baldwin flew from New York to Paris in the late summer of 1961, and from there to Israel. Then, rather than proceed as he had planned to Africa—a part of the world he was not ready to confront—he decided to visit a friend in Istanbul. Baldwin’s arrival at his Turkish friend’s door, in the midst of a party, was, as the friend recalled, a great surprise: two rings of the bell, and there stood a small and bedraggled black man with a battered suitcase and enormous eyes. Engin Cezzar was a Turkish actor who had worked with Baldwin in New York, and he excitedly introduced “Jimmy Baldwin, of literary fame, the famous black American novelist” to the roomful of intellectuals and artists. Baldwin, in his element, eventually fell asleep in an actress’s lap.

It soon became clear that Baldwin was in terrible shape: exhausted, in poor health, worried that he was losing sight of his aims both as a writer and as a man. He desperately needed to be taken care of, Cezzar said; or, in the more dramatic terms that Baldwin used throughout his life, to be saved. His suitcase contained the manuscript of a long and ambitious novel that he had been working on for years, and that had already brought him to the brink of suicide. Of the many things that the wandering writer hoped to find—friends, rest, peace of mind—his single overwhelming need, his only real hope of salvation, was to finish the book.

Baldwin had been fleeing from place to place for much of his adult life. He was barely out of his teens when he left his Harlem home for Greenwich Village, in the early forties, and he had escaped altogether at twenty-four, in 1948, buying a one-way ticket to Paris, with no intention of coming back. His father was dead by then, and his mother had eight younger children whom it tortured him to be deserting; he didn’t have the courage to tell her he was going until the afternoon he left. There was, of course, no shortage of reasons for a young black man to leave the country in 1948. Devastation was all around: his contemporaries, out on Lenox Avenue, were steadily going to jail or else were on “the needle.” His father, a factory worker and a preacher—“he was righteous in the pulpit,” Baldwin said, “and a monster in the house”—had died insane, poisoned with racial bitterness. Baldwin had also sought refuge in the church, becoming a boy preacher when he was fourteen, but had soon realized that he was hiding from everything he wanted and feared he could never achieve. He began his first novel, about himself and his father, around the time he left the church, at seventeen. Within a few years, he was publishing regularly in magazines; book reviews, mostly, but finally an essay and even a short story. Still, who really believed that he could make it as a writer? In America?

The answer to both questions came from Richard Wright. Although Baldwin seemed a natural heir to the Harlem Renaissance—he was born right there, in 1924, and Countee Cullen was one of his schoolteachers—the bittersweet poetry of writers like Cullen and Langston Hughes held no appeal for him. It was Wright’s unabating fury that hit him hard. Reading “Native Son,” Wright’s novel about a Negro rapist and murderer, Baldwin was stunned to recognize the world that he saw around him. He knew those far from bittersweet tenements, he knew the rats inside the walls. Equally striking for a young writer, it would seem, was Wright’s success: “Native Son,” published in 1940, had been greeted as a revelation about the cruelties of a racist culture and its vicious human costs. In the swell of national self-congratulation over the fact that such a book could be published, it became a big best-seller. Wright was the most successful black author in history when Baldwin—twenty years old, hungry and scared—got himself invited to Wright’s Brooklyn home, where, over a generously proffered bottle of bourbon, he explained the novel that he was trying to write. Wright, sixteen years Baldwin’s senior, was more than sympathetic; he read Baldwin’s pages, found him a publisher, and got him a fellowship to give him time to write. Although the publisher ultimately turned the book down, Wright gave Baldwin the confidence to continue, and the wisdom to do it somewhere else.

Wright moved to Paris in 1947 and, the following year, greeted Baldwin at the café Les Deux Magots on the day that he arrived, introducing him to editors of a new publication, called Zero , who were eager for his contributions. Baldwin had forty dollars, spoke no French, and knew hardly anyone else. Wright helped him find a room, and while it is true that the two writers were not close friends—Baldwin later noted the difference in their ages, and the fact that he had never even visited the brutal American South where Wright was formed—one can appreciate Wright’s shock when Baldwin’s first article for Zero was an attack on “the protest novel,” and, in particular, on “Native Son.” The central problem with the book, as Baldwin saw it, was that Wright’s criminal hero was “defined by his hatred and his fear,” and represented not a man but a social category; as a literary figure, he was no better than Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom. And he was more dangerous, perpetuating the “monstrous legend” of the black killer which Wright had meant to destroy. Wright blew up at Baldwin when they ran into each other at the Brasserie Lipp, but Baldwin did not back down. His article, reprinted later that year in Partisan Review , marked the start of his reputation in New York. He went on to publish even harsher attacks—arguing that Wright’s work was gratuitously violent, that it ignored the traditions of Negro life, that Wright had become a spokesman rather than an artist—as he struggled to formulate everything that he wanted his own work to be.

Baldwin knew very well the hatred and fear that Wright described. Crucial to his development, he said, was the notion that he was a “bastard of the West,” without any natural claim to “Shakespeare, Bach, Rembrandt, to the stones of Paris, to the cathedral at Chartres”: to all the things that, as a budding artist and a Western citizen, he treasured most. As a result, he was forced to admit, “I hated and feared white people,” which did not mean that he loved blacks: “On the contrary, I despised them, possibly because they failed to produce Rembrandt.” He had been encouraged by white teachers, though, and was surrounded by white high-school friends, so that this cultural hatred seemed to remain a fairly abstract notion, and he had assumed that he would never feel his father’s rage. Then one day, not long out of school, he was turned away from a New Jersey diner and, in a kind of trance, deliberately entered a glittering, obviously whites-only restaurant, and sat down. This time, when the waitress refused to serve him, he pretended not to hear in order to draw her closer—“I wanted her to come close enough for me to get her neck between my hands”—and finally hurled a mug of water at her and ran, realizing only when he had come to himself that he had been ready to murder another human being. In some ways, “Native Son” may have hit too hard.

The terrifying experience in the restaurant—terrifying not because of the evil done to him but because of the evil he suddenly felt able to do—helped to give Baldwin his first real understanding of his father, who had grown up in the South, the son of a slave, and who had, like Wright, been witness to unnameable horrors before escaping to the mundane humiliations of the North. Baldwin knew by then that the man whom he called his father was actually his stepfather, having married his mother when James was two years old; but, if this seemed to explain the extra measure of harshness that had been meted out to him, the greater tragedy of the man’s embittered life and death remained. On the day of his funeral, in 1943, Baldwin recognized the need to fight this dreadful legacy, if he, too, were not to be consumed. More than a decade before the earliest stirrings of the civil-rights movement, the only way to conceive this fight was from within. “It now had been laid to my charge,” he wrote, “to keep my own heart free of hatred and despair.”

It takes a fire-breathing religion to blunt the hatred and despair in “Go Tell It on the Mountain” (1953), the autobiographical coming-of-age novel that Baldwin wrote and rewrote for a decade, centering on the battle for the soul of young John Grimes, on the occasion of his fourteenth birthday, in a shouting and swaying Harlem storefront church. For the boy, being saved is a way of winning the love of his preacher father—an impossible task. Still, part of the nobility of this remarkable book derives from Baldwin’s reluctance to stain religious faith with too much psychological knowingness. More of the nobility lies in its language, which is touched with the grandeur of the sermons that Baldwin had heard so often in his youth. Then, too, after arriving in Paris, he had become immersed in the works of Henry James and, reading Joyce’s “Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man,” had strongly identified with its self-creating hero. “He would not be like his father or his father’s fathers,” John Grimes swears. “He would have another life.” Baldwin, led by these supreme authorial guides, to whom he felt a perfectly natural claim, set out to turn his shabby Harlem streets and churches into world-class literature. The book’s moral and linguistic victories are seamless. Although Baldwin’s people speak a simple and irregular “black” grammar, their loosely uttered “ain’t”s and “I reckon”s flow without strain into prose of Jamesian complexity, of Biblical richness, as he penetrates their minds.

Baldwin wrote about the strictures of Harlem piety while living the bohemian life in Paris, hanging out in cafés and jazz clubs and gay bars; after having affairs with both men and women in New York, he had slowly come to accept that his desires were exclusively for men. His often frantic social schedule was one reason that the writing of “Go Tell It on the Mountain” dragged on and on. It also began to seem as though he somehow used places up and had to move to others, at least temporarily, in order to write. In the winter of 1951, he had packed the unruly manuscript and gone to stay with his current lover in a small Swiss village, where he completed it in three months, listening to Bessie Smith records to get the native sounds back in his ears. Published two years later, the book was a critical success; Baldwin claimed to have missed out on the National Book Award only because Ralph Ellison had won for “Invisible Man” the year before, and two Negroes in a row was just too much.

But it was Wright whom he still took for the monster he had to slay—or, perhaps, as he sometimes worried, for his father—and the book of essays that Baldwin published in 1955, which included two that were vehemently anti-Wright, was titled, in direct challenge, “Notes of a Native Son.” It was not, by intent, a political book. In its first few pages, Baldwin explained that race was something he had to address in order to be free to write about other subjects: the writer’s only real task was “to recreate out of the disorder of life that order which is art.” The best of these essays are indeed closely personal, but invariably open to a political awareness that endows them with both order and weight. Baldwin’s greatest strength, in fact, is the way the personal and the political intertwine, so that it becomes impossible to distinguish between these aspects of a life. The story of his father’s funeral is also the story of a riot that broke out in Harlem that day, in the summer of 1943, when a white policeman shot a black soldier and set off a rampage in which white businesses were looted and smashed. “For Harlem had needed something to smash,” Baldwin writes. If it had not been so late in the evening and the stores had not been closed, he warned, a lot more blood might have been shed.

In 1955, the injustice of the black experience was no longer news, and if Baldwin’s warning drew attention it was overshadowed by the gentler yet more startling statements that made his work unique. In this newly politicized context, there was a larger lesson to be drawn from the hard-won wisdom, offered from his father’s grave, that hatred “never failed to destroy the man who hated and this was an immutable law.” Addressing a predominantly white audience—many of these essays were originally published in white liberal magazines—he sounds a tone very much like sympathy. Living abroad, he explained, had made him realize how irrevocably he was an American; he confessed that he felt a closer kinship with the white Americans he saw in Paris than with the African blacks, whose culture and experiences he had never shared. The races’ mutual obsession, in America, and their long if hidden history of physical commingling had finally made them something like a family. For these reasons, Baldwin revoked the threat of violence with an astonishingly broad reassurance: American Negroes, he claimed, have no desire for vengeance. The relationship of blacks and whites is, after all, “a blood relationship, perhaps the most profound reality of the American experience,” and cannot be understood until we recognize how much it contains of “the force and anguish and terror of love.”

When Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery bus, in December, 1955, Baldwin was absorbed with the publication of his second novel, “Giovanni’s Room”; he watched from Paris as the civil-rights movement got under way, that spring. His new book had a Paris setting, no black characters, and not a word about race. Even more boldly, it was about homosexual love—or, rather, about the inability of a privileged young American man to come to terms with his sexuality and ultimately to feel any love at all. Brief and intense, the novel is brilliant in its exploration of emotional cowardice but marred by a portentous tone that at times feels cheaply secondhand—more “Bonjour Tristesse” than Gide or Genet. Although Baldwin had been cautioned about the prospects of a book with such a controversial subject, it received good reviews and went into a second printing in six weeks. As a writer, he had won the freedom he desired, and the decision to live abroad seemed fully vindicated. By late 1956, however, the atmosphere in Paris was changing. The Algerian war had made it difficult to ignore France’s own racial problems, and newspaper headlines in the kiosks outside the cafés made it even harder to forget the troubles back home. And so the following summer Baldwin embarked on his most adventurous trip, to the land that some in Harlem still called the Old Country: the American South.

He was genuinely afraid. Looking down from the plane as it circled the red earth of Georgia, he could not help thinking that it “had acquired its color from the blood that had dripped down from these trees.” It was September, 1957, and he was arriving just as the small number of black children who were entering all-white schools were being harassed by jeering mobs, spat upon, and threatened with much worse. In Charlotte, North Carolina, he interviewed one of these children—a proudly stoic straight-A student—and his mother. (“I wonder sometimes,” she says, “what makes white folks so mean.”) He also spoke with the principal of the boy’s new school, a white man who had dutifully escorted the boy past a blockade of students but announced that he did not believe in racial integration, because it was “contrary to everything he had ever seen or believed.” Baldwin, who is elsewhere stingingly eloquent about the effects of segregation, confronts this individual with the scope of his sympathies intact. Seeing him as the victim of a sorry heritage, he does not argue but instead commiserates, with a kind of higher moral cunning, about the difficulty of having to mistreat an innocent child. And at these words, Baldwin reports, “a veil fell, and I found myself staring at a man in anguish.”

This evidence of dawning white conscience, as it appeared to Baldwin, accorded with the optimistic faith that he found in Atlanta, where he met the twenty-eight-year-old Martin Luther King, Jr., and heard him preach. Baldwin was struck by King’s description of bigotry as a disease most harmful to the bigots, and by his solution that, in Baldwin’s words, “these people could only be saved by love.” This idealistic notion, shared by the two preachers’ sons, was a basic tenet, and a basic strength, of the early civil-rights movement. Baldwin went on to visit Birmingham (“a doomed city”), Little Rock, Tuskegee, Montgomery, and Nashville; in 1960, he covered the sit-in movement in Tallahassee. His second volume of essays, “Nobody Knows My Name,” published in 1961, was welcomed by white readers as something of a guidebook to the uncharted racial landscape. Although Baldwin laid the so-called “Negro problem” squarely at white America’s door, viewing racism as a species of pathology, he nevertheless offered the consoling possibility of redemption through mutual love—no other writer would have described the historic relation of the races in America as “a wedding.” And he avowed an enduring belief in “the vitality of the so transgressed Western ideals.” The book was on the best-seller list for six months, and Baldwin was suddenly, as much as Richard Wright had ever been, a spokesman for his race.

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The role was a great temptation and a greater danger. Given his ambitions, this was not the sort of success that he most wanted, and the previous few years had been plagued with disappointment at failing to achieve the successes he craved. A play he had adapted from “Giovanni’s Room,” for the Actors Studio, in New York, had yielded nothing except a friendship with the young Turkish actor, Engin Cezzar, whom Baldwin had chosen to play Giovanni; the play, which Baldwin hoped would go to Broadway, never made it past the workshop level. His new novel, “Another Country,” was hopelessly stalled; the characters, he said, refused to talk to him, and the “unpublishable” manuscript was ruining his life. He was drinking too much, getting hardly any sleep, and his love affairs had all gone sour. He wrote about having reached “the point at which many artists lose their minds, or commit suicide, or throw themselves into good works, or try to enter politics.” To fend off all these possibilities, it seems, he accepted a magazine assignment to travel to Israel and Africa, then, out of weariness and fear, took up Cezzar’s long-standing invitation, and found himself at the party in Istanbul. It was a wise move. In this distant city, no one wanted to interview him, no one was pressing him for social prophecy. He knew few people. He couldn’t speak the language. There was time to work. He stayed for two months, and he was at another party—Baldwin would always find another party—calmly writing at a kitchen counter covered with glasses and papers and hors d’oeuvres, when he put down the final words of “Another Country.” The book was dated, with a flourish, “Istanbul, Dec. 10, 1961.”

It is an incongruous image, the black American writer in Istanbul, but Baldwin returned to the city many times during the next ten years, making it a second or third not-quite-home. In “James Baldwin’s Turkish Decade” (Duke; $24.95), Magdalena J. Zaborowska, a professor of immigrant and African-American literature, sets out to explain not only the enduring attraction the city had for Baldwin but its importance for the rest of his career. For Zaborowska, “Istanbul, Dec. 10, 1961” is not merely a literary sigh of relief and wonderment—Baldwin’s earlier books have no such endnote—but an affirmation of “the centrality of the city and date to the final shape of ‘Another Country’ ”; she insists on Istanbul as “a location and lens through which we should reassess his work today.” Divided between Europe and Asia, with a Muslim yet highly cosmopolitan population, Istanbul was unlike any place Baldwin had been before and, more to the point, unlike the places that had defined both the color of his skin and his sexuality as shameful problems. Whatever Turkey’s history of prejudice, divisions there did not have an automatic black/white racial cast. And, on the sexual front, Istanbul had long been so notorious that Zaborowska is on the defensive against Americans who snidely assume that Baldwin went there for the baths. In fact, during his first days in the city, he was nearly giddy at the sight of men in the street openly holding hands, and could not accept Cezzar’s explanation that this was a custom without sexual import. At the heart of the matter is the question of racial and sexual freedom—the city’s, the writer’s—and its effect on Baldwin’s ability to reflect and to experiment in ways that he had not been able to do elsewhere.

But was this freedom real? How much of it can be found in Baldwin’s work? Despite a tendency toward jargon—Academia is another country—Zaborowska is a charming companion as she follows Baldwin’s steps through Turkey, brimming with enthusiasm at the sights and at the warmth of her reception by his friends. The Polish-born professor, a blithe exemplar of the “transnational” tradition in which she places Baldwin, is too idealistic and far too honest—the tender air of Henry James’s Maisie hangs about her—to refrain from reporting her shock at some of those friends’ remarks. “Jimmy was not a typical ‘gay,’ ” one explains, “he was a real human being.” In the matter of race, she informs us that she is omitting “Cezzar’s use of the n-word, which he employed a couple of times but then abandoned, perhaps seeing my discomfort.” As she admits, her own evidence refutes the hypothesis that Baldwin’s Istanbul was untainted by the usual prejudice. And then there is the problem that Baldwin never wrote anything about Istanbul. Zaborowska labors to soften this hard fact through elaborate inferences and suggestions of symbolism, and by calling on various authorities for disquisitions on “the experience of place,” or “Cold War Orientalism.” (This is where the jargon really thickens.) But if she ultimately fails to make the case that Istanbul was anything for Baldwin but what he claimed—a refuge in which to write—she makes us feel how necessary such a refuge was as the sixties wore on.

“Another Country” turned out to be a best-seller in the most conventional sense. A sprawling book that brought together Baldwin’s concerns with race and sex, its daring themes—black rage, interracial sex, homosexuality, white guilt, urban malaise—make an imposing backdrop for characters who refuse to come to life. A black jazz musician who plummets into madness because of an affair with a white woman; a white bisexual saint who cures both men and women in his bed—the social agenda shines through these figures like light through glass. More than anything else, the book reveals Baldwin’s immense will and professionalism; like the contemporary best-sellers “Ship of Fools” and “The Group,” it suggests a delicate and fine-tuned talent pushed past its narrative limits in pursuit of the “big” work. Baldwin claimed to be going after the sound of jazz musicians in his prose, but aside from some lingo on the order of “Some cat turned her on, and then he split,” the language is stale compared with his earlier works—or compared with the burnished eloquence of his next book, which shook the American rafters when it was published, in early 1963.

“The Fire Next Time,” Baldwin’s most celebrated work, is a pair of essays, totalling little more than a hundred pages. Some of these pages were written in Istanbul, but more significant is the fact that Baldwin had finally gone to Africa. And, after years of worry that the Africans would look down on him, or, worse, that he would look down on them, he had been accepted and impressed. The book also reveals a renewed closeness with his family, whose support now counterbalanced both his public performances and his private loneliness. Eagerly making up for his desertion, Baldwin was a munificent son and brother and a doting uncle, glorying in the role of paterfamilias: his brother David was his closest friend and aide; his sister Gloria managed his money; he bought a large house in Manhattan, well outside Harlem, for his mother and the rest of the clan to share. To hear him tell it, this is what he had intended ever since he’d left. A new and protective pride is evident in the brief introductory “Letter to My Nephew,” in which he assures the boy, his brother Wilmer’s son James, that he descends from “some of the greatest poets since Homer,” and quotes the words of a Negro spiritual; and in the longer essay, “Down at the Cross,” when he portrays the black children who had faced down mobs as “the only genuine aristocrats this country has produced.” Although Baldwin writes once again of his childhood, his father, and his church, his central subject is the Black Muslim movement then terrifying white America.

With the fire of the title blazing ever nearer, Baldwin praised the truthfulness of Malcolm X but rejected the separatism and violence of the Muslim movement. He offered pity rather than hatred—pity in order to avoid hatred—to the racists who, he firmly believed, despised in blacks the very things they feared in themselves. And, seeking dignity as much as freedom, he counselled black people to desist from doing to others as had been done to them. Most important, Baldwin once again promised a way out: “If we—and now I mean the relatively conscious whites and the relatively conscious blacks, who must, like lovers, insist on, or create, the consciousness of the others—do not falter in our duty now, we may be able, handful that we are, to end the racial nightmare, and achieve our country, and change the history of the world.”

When did he stop believing it? No matter how many months he hid away in Istanbul or Paris, the sixties were inescapably Baldwin’s American decade. In the spring of 1963, thanks to his most recent and entirely unconventional best-seller, he appeared on the cover of Time . Although he insisted that he was a writer and not a public spokesman, he had nonetheless undertaken a lecture tour of the South for CORE and soon held a meeting with Attorney General Robert Kennedy; in August, he took part in the March on Washington. It was with the bombing of a Birmingham church barely two weeks later, and the death of four schoolgirls, that he began to voice doubt about the efficacy of nonviolence. The murder of his friend Medgar Evers, and the dangers and humiliations involved in working on a voter-registration drive in Selma, brought a new toughness to his writing: a new willingness to deal in white stereotypes, and a new regard for hate. (“You’re going to make yourself sick with hatred,” someone warns a young man in Baldwin’s 1964 play, “Blues for Mister Charlie.” “No, I’m not,” he replies, “I’m going to make myself well.”) It is ironic that Baldwin was dismissed by the new radical activists and attacked by Eldridge Cleaver as this change was taking place: in an essay titled “Notes on a Native Son,” in 1966, Cleaver did to Baldwin something like what Baldwin had done to Richard Wright, attacking him as a sycophant to whites and a traitor to his people. The new macho militants derided Baldwin’s homosexuality, even referring to him as Martin Luther Queen. But the end point for Baldwin was the murder of King, in 1968; after that, he confessed, “something has altered in me, something has gone away.”

In the era of the Black Panthers, he was politically obsolete. By the early seventies, when Henry Louis Gates, Jr., suggested an article about Baldwin for Time , he found the magazine no longer interested. Far worse for Baldwin, he was also seen as artistically exhausted. On this, Zaborowska disagrees. In championing the “Turkish decade,” she attempts to defend some of Baldwin’s later, nearly forgotten works. She is right to speak up for “No Name in the Street,” a deeply troubled but erratically brilliant book-length essay, published in 1972 and described by Baldwin as being about “the life and death of what we call the civil rights movement.” (And which, during these years, he preferred to call a “slave rebellion.”) Unable to believe anymore that he or anyone else could “reach the conscience of a nation,” he embraced the Panthers as folk heroes, while resignedly turning the other cheek to Cleaver, whom he mildly excused for confusing him with “all those faggots, punks, and sissies, the sight and sound of whom, in prison, must have made him vomit.” As Baldwin knew, hatred unleashed is not easy to control, and here he demonstrates the dire results of giving up the fight.

“No Name in the Street” is a disorderly book, both chronologically and emotionally chaotic; Zaborowska sees its lack of structure as deliberately “experimental,” and she may be right. At its core, Baldwin details his long and fruitless attempt to get a falsely accused friend out of prison; he looks back at the Southern experiences that he had reported on so coolly years before, and exposes the agony that he had felt. At the same time, he wants us to know how far he has come: there is ample mention of the Cadillac limousine and the cook-chauffeur and the private pool; he assures us that the sufferings of the world make even the Beverly Hills Hotel, for him, “another circle of Hell.” And he is undoubtedly suffering. He does his best to denounce Western culture in the terms of the day, as a “mask for power,” and insists that to be rid of Texaco and Coca-Cola one should be prepared to jettison Balzac and Shakespeare. Then, as though he had finally gone too far, he adds, “later, of course, one may welcome them back,” a loss of nerve that he immediately feels he has to justify: “Whoever is part of whatever civilization helplessly loves some aspects of it and some of the people in it.” Struggling to finish the book, Baldwin left Istanbul behind in 1971—the city was now as overfilled with distractions as Paris or New York—and bought a house in the South of France. The book’s concluding dateline, a glaring mixture of restlessness and pride, reads “New York, San Francisco, Hollywood, London, Istanbul, St. Paul de Vence, 1967-1971.”

It is difficult for even the most fervent advocate to defend “Tell Me How Long the Train’s Been Gone,” an oddly depthless novel about a famous black actor, which, on its publication, in 1968, appeared to finish Baldwin as a novelist in the minds of everyone but Baldwin, whose ambitions seemed only to grow. His next two novels, largely about family love, are mixed achievements: “If Beale Street Could Talk” (1974), the brief and affecting story of an unjustly imprisoned Harlem youth, is told from the surprising perspective of his pregnant teen-age girlfriend (who only occasionally sounds like James Baldwin); “Just Above My Head” (1979), a multi-generational melodrama, contains one unforgettable segment, nearly four hundred pages in, about a trio of young black men travelling through the South. There were still signs of the exceptional gift. But the intensity, the coruscating language, the tight coherence of that first novel—where had they gone? The answers to this often asked question have varied: he had stayed away too long, and become detached from his essential subject; he had been corrupted by fame, and the booze didn’t help; or, maybe, he could only really write about himself. Baldwin’s biographer and close friend David Leeming suggested to Baldwin, in the mid-sixties, that “the anarchic aspect” of his daily existence was interfering with his work. But the most widely credited accusation is that his political commitments had deprived him of the necessary concentration, and cost him his creative life.

The case is presented by another of Baldwin’s biographers, James Campbell, who states that in 1963 Baldwin “exchanged art for politics, the patient scrutiny for the hasty judgment, le mot juste for le mot fort ,” and that as a result he “died a little death.” But isn’t it as likely that Baldwin’s dedication to the movement, starting back in the late fifties, allowed him to accomplish as much as he did? That the hope it occasioned helped him to push back a lifetime’s hatred and despair and, no less than the retreat to Paris or Istanbul, made it possible for him to write at all? It is important to note that the flaws of the later books are evident in “Another Country,” and even in “Giovanni’s Room,” both completed before he had marched a step. As for the roads not taken, among black writers who had similar choices: Richard Wright did not return to the United States and continued writing novels, in France, until his death, in 1960, yet his later books have been dismissed as major disappointments; Ralph Ellison took no part in the civil-rights movement, yet did not publish another novel after “Invisible Man.” Every talent has its terms, and, while Baldwin was in no ordinary sense a political writer, something in him required that he rise above himself. “How, indeed, would I be able to keep on working,” he worried, “if I could never be released from the prison of my egocentricity?” As Baldwin noted about his childhood, it may be that the things that helped him and the things that hurt him cannot be divorced.

The final years were often bitter. Campbell recalls Baldwin, in 1984, reading aloud from an essay about Harlem that he’d written in the forties, crying out after every catalogued indignity, “Nothing has changed!” He was already in failing health, and tremendously overworked. He had begun to teach—the conviviality and uplift seem to have filled the place of politics—while keeping to his usual hectic schedule; he saw no need to cut back on alcohol or cigarettes. Baldwin was only sixty-three when he died, of cancer, in 1987, at his house in France. He was in the midst of several projects: a novel that would have been, in part, about Istanbul; a triple biography of “Medgar, Malcolm, and Martin”; and, of all things, introductions to paperback editions of two novels by Richard Wright. But Baldwin’s final book was “The Price of the Ticket,” a thick volume of his collected essays, summing up nearly forty years, in which his faith in human possibility burns like a candle in the historical dark. The concluding essay, about the myths of masculinity, offers a plea for the recognition that “each of us, helplessly and forever, contains the other—male in female, female in male, white in black and black in white.”

It is shocking to realize that as early as 1951, and based on no evidence whatever, Baldwin saw that our “fantastic racial history” might ultimately be for the good. “Out of what has been our greatest shame,” he wrote in an essay, “we may be able to create one day our greatest opportunity.” He would have been eighty-four had he lived to see Barack Obama elected President. It is an event that he might have imagined more easily in his youth than in his age, but an event to which he surely contributed, through his essays and novels, his teaching and preaching, the outsized faith and energy that he spent so freely in so many ways. During his wanderings, Baldwin warned a friend who had urged him to settle down that “the place in which I’ll fit will not exist until I make it.” It was, of course, impossible to make such a place alone. But, by the grace of those who have kept on working, as he put it, “to make the kingdom new, to make it honorable and worthy of life,” we have at last the beginnings of a country to which James Baldwin could come home. ♦

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I loved raising a teenager. But I had no idea it would be so hard when he left

I watched him, my only child, over the course of a week go through every item in his room. One by one, the trappings of childhood went into donation boxes, recycling bins and the trash. I opened my mouth several times, only to shut it before sound came out. I reminded myself it was not my place to say anything. It was my job to simply ask the questions I’d been asking him every time we sorted his room for the entirety of his life: Keep it in your room, store it in the garage for later, or get rid of it? I didn’t want to place my sentimentality onto his possessions. I didn’t want to put the burden onto him of cushioning that blow to me of getting rid of stuffies and that ceramic pot he made when he was first learning to throw clay. I needed to break that cycle of keeping things just for others. He simply needed my support. I simply needed to set my feelings aside and give it.

At the end of the week, his room looked exactly like we were moving out, complete with nail and screw holes that needed to be filled and patchy paint above the closet door that was peeling off from LED light strips. It seemed his worldly possessions were cut more than in half and I wasn’t quite prepared for the empty and hollow feeling both in his room and in my chest. That feeling? No one tells you that it feels just like a breakup. A slow-motion moving on. A fracturing of the family that I cannot stop even when it is none of those things. I teared up but averted my eyes and busied myself as he made several trips to the garage, arms full of yesterday’s treasures.

Raising a teen was my favorite part of parenthood. I should say “so far” at the end of that sentence, but I can’t quite picture what’s to come. I’m too in the thick of him leaving. I found the younger days taxing and tedious, blending endlessly in a sea of "Curious George" and Hot Wheels and bodily fluids and too few naps (mine) and too many tears (also mine). Never good at play, I longed for the days when I could talk to my child coherently instead of the petty squabbling lobbed toward him over uneaten lunches and too much screen time, which I almost always foisted onto him to carve just a few minutes for myself. I relished, almost daily, that I only had to do all of this once. One time through potty training . One time through tantrums in the grocery store. One time through night terrors and separation anxiety . During those days, I wanted time to hurry up. Skip to the part where I had a person who could talk in robust sentences and drive himself and, then … well, nothing. I honestly never imagined how short those years would be and never once imagined a life beyond his high school days. 

You realize you’ve grown a human with opinions and thoughts and dreams and plans of their own. But then you realize those plans are the same plans that months from now will cut short your teen utopia and signal an end to everything you’ve grown to love.

And then, we did skip to that part, and raising my teen was glorious. I didn’t find belligerent behavior or a sullen child who wouldn’t talk. Instead, I had a concert buddy and long Saturdays binging YouTube while laughing ourselves hoarse. Even the times of growth where choices and behaviors felt loaded were welcomed over missed naps and playground bullies. Together as a family, we navigated narcissistic pseudo-friends and girls who pushed too much and broken hearts and taking giant steps toward independence. In raising my teen I found myself saying things like “Do you think King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard is really just trolling the entire world?” and ending up having an hour-long conversation about the musical stylings of Australia’s finest and in the middle of it realizing you’ve grown a human with opinions and thoughts and dreams and plans of their own. But then you realize those plans are the same plans that months from now will cut short your teen utopia and signal an end to everything you’ve grown to love and that hollow feeling in your chest tightens and you wonder, not for the last time, why no one adequately prepares you for this part. Book upon book about the first several years. So few about the last. Is it just too painful to talk about properly? Did I just not listen? Why aren’t they being written?

Being the parent of an only, I’m realizing that while you remember and openly share all of the “last times” you are grateful to leave behind, you often forget you also get only one time through the things you want to hold onto longer, like first concerts and first cars and when they finally find a passion, and then it’s your only shot for graduation where, after, you have a suddenly empty nest. Where there’s an only child, there is no dress rehearsal. You get one shot at everything: good, bad, milestone or mundane.  And when you out-of-the-blue remember, that pain that feels like a breakup makes you wince. 

Last fall, I pulled out my credit card and placed an order for a cap and gown in beautiful burgundy and gold. I showed him my tassel, silver and blue with an attached ’92 charm. Told him that was what he would want to hold on to as we sorted the options to order.  When we were done, my confirmation email slipped into my inbox.  I filed it away, now long buried under reservations and book pre-sale orders. I thought in burying it I could ignore and forget about it, but suddenly here we are, one calendar turn away from the big day.  And as the days begin to warm, just a little, his being done with school is ramping up and reminding me all the time how quickly days are flying. The only thing that keeps me from falling completely apart is trying to remember how I felt around my graduation.  Never once giving my parents’ feelings a second thought, I left and never looked back.

That is the cruelest twist of parenting. If you prepare them — if you raise them to be excited for the future, to know they always have a place to fall, to be independent, to think for themselves, it doesn’t really matter how tightly you squeeze.

It was because I never looked back and because I ran so far away that I hold tightly where my mother didn’t. Or couldn’t. Neither way right nor wrong, we each have our different motherhood journeys, but still. I squeeze. Thinking if I hold fast he won’t run as far as I did. I know it’s an illusion and, because I’ve done my job, he’s ready and easily stepping out and over the squeeze. But that right there is the cruelest twist of parenting. If you prepare them — if you raise them to be excited for the future, to know they always have a place to fall, to be independent, to think for themselves, it doesn’t really matter how tightly you squeeze. It’s ultimately an illusion just for you, to think you’re still wanted. Needed. Important. The slow-motion moving on accelerates whether you’re prepared or anyone warned you or not.

As I write this, we’re just a couple weeks away from graduation and I can’t see past his cap and gown, somehow. I can’t focus on what’s next. I remind myself that I couldn’t always see life past 40, either, or past his baby stage or past my own graduation and I made it to the other side of those. I remind myself that I’m not the first to live through this and I won’t be the last. I remind myself that this summer we’ll paint his room and get it ready for when he comes home. I remind myself that he will go and have an amazing life and, unlike the slow-motion breakup it feels like, the hollow in my chest will fill and he’ll always come back. 

But for now, I don’t believe it. For now, I cry that he was 5 and beginning kindergarten just last week and almost convince myself those toddler years weren’t all that bad and Google how to cope. For now, I question every decision I’ve ever made and I wonder at the turns that led me here. I don’t regret having an only child. It was the right decision for us for many reasons. But right at this moment, I feel a little jealous of others who can focus their energy on the next school year instead of that hollow feeling in my chest that will soon be hugging me goodbye.

Tawnya Gibson is a freelance writer based in northern Utah. Her work has appeared in a variety of places. You can follow her writing on Substack and Instagram .

Putin, seeking continuity, reappoints technocrat Prime Minister Mishustin

Russian President Vladimir Putin reappointed Mikhail Mishustin as the country’s prime minister on Friday, a widely anticipated move to keep on a technocrat who has maintained a low political profile.

Mishustin and other technocrats in the Cabinet have been credited with maintaining a relatively stable economic performance despite bruising Western sanctions for Russia’s role in Ukraine . Most other Cabinet members are expected to keep their jobs, though the fate of Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu appeared uncertain.

In line with Russian law, Mishustin, 58, who held the job for the past four years, submitted his Cabinet’s resignation on Tuesday when Putin began his fifth presidential term at a glittering Kremlin inauguration .

Mishustin, the former head of Russia’s tax service, steered clear of political statements and avoided media interviews during his previous tenure.

The speaker of the parliament’s lower house, Vyacheslav Volodin, announced that Putin submitted Mishustin’s candidacy to the State Duma, which will hold a session later Friday to consider it.

Under the constitutional changes approved in 2020, the lower house approves the candidacy of the prime minister, who then submits Cabinet members for approval. The changes were ostensibly meant to grant parliament broader power, but the procedure is widely seen as pro forma given Kremlin control over the body.

Most Cabinet members are expected to keep their jobs, but it was not clear if Shoigu, the defense minister, would be among them after last month’s arrest of his top associate, Timur Ivanov.

Ivanov, who served as deputy defense minister in charge of massive military construction projects, was arrested on bribery charges and was ordered to stay in custody pending official investigation.

The arrest of Ivanov was widely interpreted as an attack on Shoigu and a possible precursor of his dismissal despite his close personal ties with Putin.

Shoigu was broadly criticized for Russian military’s setbacks in the early stage of the fighting in Ukraine. He faced scathing attacks from mercenary chief Yevgeny Prigozhin, who marched on Moscow nearly a year ago to demand the ouster of Shoigu and the chief of the General Staff, Gen. Valery Gerasimov.

After Prigozhin’s death in a suspicious plane crash two months after the rebellion — widely seen as the Kremlin’s revenge — Shoigu appeared to shore up his position. But Ivanov’s arrest, interpreted by many as part of Kremlin’s political infighting, again exposed Shoigu’s vulnerability.

The Associated Press

Middle East Crisis U.S. Criticizes Israel for Failure to Protect Civilians in Gaza Conflict

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The U.S. criticizes Israel for failure to protect civilians in the Gaza conflict.

The Biden administration believes that Israel has most likely violated international standards in failing to protect civilians in Gaza but has not found specific instances that would justify the withholding of military aid, the State Department told Congress on Friday.

In the administration’s most detailed assessment of Israel’s conduct in Gaza, the State Department said in a written report that Israel “has the knowledge, experience and tools to implement best practices for mitigating civilian harm in its military operations.”

But it added that “the results on the ground, including high levels of civilian casualties, raise substantial questions” as to whether the Israel Defense Forces are making sufficient use of those tools.

Even so, the report — which seemed at odds with itself in places — said the United States had no hard proof of Israeli violations. It noted the difficulty of collecting reliable information from Gaza, Hamas’s tactic of operating in civilian areas and the fact that “Israel has not shared complete information to verify” whether U.S. weapons have been used in specific incidents alleged to have involved human rights law violations.

The report, mandated by President Biden, also makes a distinction between the general possibility that Israel has violated the law and any conclusions about specific incidents that would prove it. It deems that assurances Israel provided in March that it would use U.S. arms consistent with international law are “credible and reliable,” and thus allow the continued flow of U.S. military aid.

The conclusions are unrelated to Mr. Biden’s recent decision to delay the delivery to Israel of 3,500 bombs and his review of other weapons shipments. The president has said those actions were in response to Israel’s stated plans to invade the southern Gaza city of Rafah.

The report said its findings were hampered in part by the challenges of collecting reliable information from the war zone and the way Hamas operates in densely populated areas. It also stressed that Israel has begun pursuing possible accountability for suspected violations of the law, a key component in the U.S. assessment about whether to provide military aid to allies accused of human rights violations.

Israel has opened criminal investigations into the conduct of its military in Gaza, the report said, and the Israel Defense Forces “are examining hundreds of incidents” that may involve wartime misconduct.

The report also did not find that Israel had intentionally obstructed humanitarian aid into Gaza.

While it concluded that both “action and inaction by Israel” had slowed the flow of aid into Gaza, which is desperately short of necessities like food and medicine, it said that “we do not currently assess that the Israeli government is prohibiting or otherwise restricting the transport or delivery of U.S. humanitarian assistance” into the territory.

Such a finding would have triggered a U.S. law barring military aid to countries that block such assistance.

Brian Finucane, a former State Department lawyer now with International Crisis Group, said the report “bends over backwards” to avoid concluding that Israel violated any laws, a finding that would place major new pressure on Mr. Biden to restrict arms to the country.

Mr. Finucane, a critic of Israel’s military operations, said that the report was “more forthcoming” than he had expected, but that he still found it “watered down” and heavily “lawyered.”

The findings further angered a vocal minority of Democrats in Congress who have grown increasingly critical of Israel’s conduct in Gaza. They argue that Israel has indiscriminately killed civilians with American arms and intentionally hindered U.S.-supplied humanitarian aid.

Either would violate U.S. laws governing arms transfers to foreign militaries, as well as international humanitarian law, which is largely based on the Geneva Conventions.

The report did not define the meaning of its other criteria for Israel’s actions, “established best practices for mitigating civilian harm,” though it cited Defense Department guidelines on the subject released last year, which include some measures “not required by the law of war.”

“If this conduct complies with international standards, then God help us all,” Senator Chris Van Hollen, Democrat of Maryland, told reporters after the report’s release. “They don’t want to have to take any action to hold the Netanyahu government accountable for what’s happening,” he added, referring to Israel’s prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu.

Critics of Mr. Biden’s continuation of most military support to Israel had hoped that he would use the report as a justification for further restricting arms deliveries to the country. The United States provides Israel with $3.8 billion in annual military aid , and Congress last month approved an additional $14 billion in emergency funding.

Mr. Biden ordered the report with a national security memorandum known as NSM-20. It requires all recipients of U.S. military aid engaged in conflict to provide the United States with written assurances that they will comply with international law and not hinder the delivery of humanitarian aid provided by or supported by the U.S. government.

The report called on the secretary of state and the defense secretary to assess “any credible reports or allegations” that American weapons might have been used in violation of international law.

Since the president’s memorandum was issued, an independent task force formed in response issued a lengthy report citing dozens of examples of likely Israeli legal violations. That report found what it called Israel’s “systematic disregard for fundamental principles of international law,” including “attacks launched despite foreseeably disproportionate harm to civilians” in densely populated areas.

In a statement following the State Department report, the task force called the U.S. document “at best incomplete, and at worst intentionally misleading in defense of acts and behaviors that likely violate international humanitarian law and may amount to war crimes.”

“Once again, the Biden Administration has stared the facts in the face — and then pulled the curtains shut,” said the task force’s members, who include Josh Paul, a former State Department official who in October resigned in protest over U.S. military support for Israel.

The State Department report showed clear sympathy for Israel’s military challenge, repeating past statements by the Biden administration that Israel has a “right to defend itself” in the wake of the Oct. 7 Hamas attacks. It also noted that military experts call Gaza “as difficult a battlespace as any military has faced in modern warfare.”

“Because Hamas uses civilian infrastructure for military purposes and civilians as human shields, it is often difficult to determine facts on the ground in an active war zone of this nature and the presence of legitimate military targets across Gaza,” it said.

Even so, it singled out numerous specific incidents where Israel’s military had killed civilians or aid workers, the latter of which it called a “specific area of concern.”

Those episodes include the killing of seven World Central Kitchen workers in April. The report noted that Israel has dismissed officers and reprimanded commanders involved in that attack, which Israel has called “a grave mistake,” and is considering prosecutions.

Other episodes it cited included airstrikes on Oct. 31 and Nov. 1 on the crowded Jabaliya refugee camp, which reportedly killed dozens of civilians, including children. It noted Israel’s claim that it had targeted a senior Hamas commander and underground Hamas facilities at the site, and that its munitions had “led to the collapse of tunnels and the buildings and infrastructure above them.”

And while the report did not find that Israel had intentionally hindered the delivery of humanitarian aid, it listed several examples of ways in which its government had “a negative effect” on aid distribution. They included “extensive bureaucratic delays” and what it called the active involvement of some senior Israeli officials in protests or attacks on aid convoys.

The report was delivered to Congress two days after the deadline set by Mr. Biden’s February memorandum, arriving late on a Friday afternoon — the time of choice for government officials hoping to minimize an announcement’s public impact. Earlier that day, a White House spokesman, John F. Kirby, denied that the delay had any “nefarious” motive.

— Michael Crowley Reporting from Washington

The U.N. General Assembly adopts a resolution in support of Palestinian statehood.

U.n. general assembly backs palestinian membership bid, the united nations general assembly approved the resolution by a vote of 143 to 9 with 25 nations abstaining. the assembly can only grant full membership with the approval of the security council..

“A ‘yes’ vote is a vote for Palestinian existence. It is not against any state, but it is against the attempts to deprive us of our state. That is why the Israeli government is so opposed to it. Because they oppose our independence and the two-state solution altogether.” “This is your mirror. So that you can see exactly what you are inflicting upon the U.N. charter with this destructive vote. This is — You are shredding the U.N. Charter with your own hands.” “The result of the vote is as follows: in favor 143, against nine, abstentions 25. Draft resolution A/ES10/L30/Rev1 is adopted.” [cheering]

The United Nations General Assembly on Friday overwhelmingly adopted a resolution declaring that Palestinians qualify for full-members status at the United Nations, a highly symbolic move that reflects growing global solidarity with Palestinians and is a rebuke to Israel and the United States.

The resolution was approved by a vote of 143 to 9 with 25 nations abstaining. The Assembly broke into a big applause after the vote.

But the resolution does not mean a Palestinian state will be recognized and admitted to the United Nations as a full member anytime soon. The Assembly can only grant full membership with the approval of the Security Council, and, if history is a guide, the United States would almost inevitably wield its veto power to kill such a measure, as it did in April.

Even though a majority in the General Assembly have long supported Palestinian statehood, the resolution was the first time the body had voted on the issue of full membership. The resolution declares that “the State of Palestine is qualified for membership in the United Nations” under its charter rules and recommends that the Security Council reconsider the matter with a favorable outcome.

The resolution was prepared by the United Arab Emirates, the current chair of the U.N. Arab Group, and sponsored by 70 countries. The United States voted no, along with Hungary, Argentina, Papua New Guinea, Micronesia and Nauru.

“The vast majority of countries in this hall are fully aware of the legitimacy of the Palestinian bid and the justness of their cause, which faces fierce attempts to suppress it and render it meaningless today,” said the U.A.E. ambassador, Mohamed Abushahab, as he introduced the resolution on behalf of the Arab Group.

Though largely symbolic, the resolution does provide Palestinians with new diplomatic privileges. Palestinians can now sit among member states in alphabetical order; they can speak at General Assembly meetings on any topic instead of being limited to Palestinian affairs; they can submit proposals and amendments; and they can participate at U.N. conferences and international meetings organized by the Assembly and other United Nations entities.

The 193-member General Assembly took up the issue of Palestinian membership after the United States in April vetoed a resolution before the Security Council that would have recognized full membership for a Palestinian state. While a majority of council members supported the move, the United States said recognition of Palestinian statehood should be achieved through negotiations between Israelis and Palestinians.

Frustration with the United States has been brewing for months among many senior U.N. officials and diplomats, including from allies such as France, because Washington has repeatedly blocked cease-fire resolutions at the Security Council and has staunchly supported Israel’s war with Hamas in Gaza, even as civilian suffering has mounted.

“The U.S. is resigned to having another bad day at the U.N.,” said Richard Gowan, an expert on the U.N. for the International Crisis Group, a conflict prevention organization. But he added that the resolution “gives the Palestinians a boost without creating a breakdown over whether they are or are not now U.N. members.”

Riyad Mansour, the Palestinian ambassador to the U.N., told the Assembly ahead of the vote that Palestinians’ right to full membership at the U.N. and statehood “are not up for negotiations, they are our inherent rights as Palestinians.” He added that a vote against Palestinian statehood was a vote against the two-state solution.

Israel’s ambassador to the U.N., Gilad Erdan, a sharp critic of the U.N., said voting for a Palestinian state would be inviting “a state of terror” in its midst and rewarding “terrorists” who killed Jewish civilians with privileges and called member states endorsing it “Jew haters.”

Robert A. Wood, a U.S. ambassador to the U.N., said that while the U.S. supported a two-state solution as the only means for sustainable peace, “it remains the U.S. view that unilateral measures at the U.N. and on the ground will not advance this goal.”

Mr. Wood said that if the Assembly referred the issue back to the Council, it would have the same outcome again with the U.S. blocking the move.

The Palestinians are currently recognized by the U.N. as a nonmember observer state, a status granted to them in 2012 by the General Assembly. They do not have the right to vote on General Assembly resolutions or nominate any candidates to U.N. agencies.

France, a close U.S. ally and one of the five permanent members of the Security Council, has supported the Palestinian bid for statehood breaking away from United States’ stance at the U.N. both at the Council and the Assembly vote. “The time has come for the United Nations to take action with a view to resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, on the basis of the two-state solution,” said Nicolas de Rivière, France’s ambassador to the U.N., in his address on Friday.

The Assembly session, which was expected to flow over to Monday because of the long list of speakers, was not without moments of performative drama.

Mr. Erdan, Israel’s ambassador, held up the picture of Hamas’s military leader, Yahya Sinwar, considered the architect of the Oct. 7 attacks on Israel, with the word “President,” and then a transparent shredder, inserting a piece of paper inside it, and said the member states were “shredding the U.N. charter.”

Mr. Mansour, the Palestinian ambassador, at the end of his speech raised his fist in the air, visibly chocking back tears, and said “Free Palestine.” The Assembly broke into applause.

— Farnaz Fassihi

The White House defends voting ‘no’ on a U.N. resolution supporting Palestinian statehood.

A White House spokesman on Friday defended the United States’ decision to oppose a U.N. resolution declaring support for Palestinian statehood , saying that such a measure should be negotiated in the Middle East.

The United States was among a handful of holdouts as the United Nations General Assembly overwhelmingly adopted a resolution declaring that Palestinians qualify for full membership at the United Nations. The vote was widely seen as a rebuke of Israel and the United States as global outrage mounts over the Israel-Hamas war.

John F. Kirby, a White House national security spokesman, said President Biden remained “fully and firmly committed” to a Palestinian state, but the U.N. resolution was not the way to establish it.

“We continue to believe in the power and promise of a two-state solution, and an independent state for the Palestinian people,” Mr. Kirby told reporters. “We also believe that the best way to do that is through direct negotiations with the parties and not through a vote of the U.N. of this kind.”

Friday’s vote comes as the ties between the United States and Israel, its closest ally in the Middle East, are tested over the war in Gaza. More than 34,000 people have died in Gaza, including both combatants and civilians, and the director of the World Food Program has said that parts of the Gaza Strip are experiencing a “full-blown famine.”

The United States is the biggest supplier of weapons to Israel, and Mr. Biden is hoping to use that leverage to get Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel to forgo a long-threatened invasion of Rafah, the southern Gaza city where more than one million Palestinians have taken refuge.

Mr. Biden has halted a shipment of bombs to Israel and said he would withhold artillery as well if Israel moved forward in Rafah. But the Israelis maintain they need to go into Rafah to finish destroying Hamas, which killed 1,200 people in the Oct. 7 terrorist attack it led on Israel.

The U.N. resolution does not establish a Palestinian state, but it does recognize Palestine to qualify for full-member status at the United Nations. Its membership will need to be approved by the U.N. Security Council, which includes the United States.

The United States has repeatedly wielded its veto power on the council to block U.N. resolutions calling for a cease-fire in Gaza.

The U.N. General Assembly took up Friday’s resolution after the United States vetoed in April a resolution that came before the Security Council that would have recognized full membership for a Palestinian state, which is considered a “nonmember observer state.”

The resolution that passed on Friday would extend to Palestinians new privileges, such as sitting among member states in alphabetical order, speaking at meetings on any topic instead of being limited to Palestinian affairs, and submitting proposals and amendments.

The resolution was prepared by the United Arab Emirates, the current chair of the U.N. Arab Group, and sponsored by 70 countries. It declares that “the State of Palestine is qualified for membership in the United Nations” under its charter rules and recommends that the Security Council reconsider the matter with a favorable outcome.”

The resolution’s adoption prompted rousing applause.

Farnaz Fassihi contributed reporting.

— Erica L. Green Reporting from Washington

Here is what we know about where aid can enter Gaza.

Following Israel’s incursion into Rafah this week, the Israeli military briefly shut down the Kerem Shalom crossing and seized the Gaza side of the Rafah crossing, choking the flow of desperately needed food, fuel and medical supplies at a time when experts believe parts of Gaza are already experiencing a famine and several have died from malnutrition.

According to United Nations data, the number of aid trucks entering Gaza hit a peak last week since October: A total of 1,674 aid trucks entered Gaza through the Kerem Shalom and Rafah crossings, the main entry points of aid into the enclave. But since Sunday, no aid trucks have entered Gaza from either entry point, even after Israel said that it had reopened the Kerem Shalom crossing on Wednesday.

The entry of aid into Gaza has been heavily restricted by Israel since the war started, creating what aid experts say is a human-made hunger crisis. Humanitarians warn that the crisis will worsen without the fuel necessary for bakeries and hospitals to operate.

Here is a look at the major routes for aid into Gaza and their status.

Kerem Shalom

Israel shut down the Kerem Shalom crossing after a Hamas attack on Sunday killed four of its soldiers in the area.

On Wednesday, Israel said it had reopened the crossing, but the United Nations and others disputed that claim because no trucks were being allowed through. On Friday afternoon, Israel allowed at least 157,000 liters of fuel to enter , according to Scott Anderson, a senior official at UNRWA, the U.N. agency for Palestinians. But no humanitarian aid, which includes food and medical supplies, has entered since Sunday, he said.

Egypt, which plays an important role in facilitating aid collection and delivery, has complicated matters by resisting sending trucks to Kerem Shalom, according to several Western and Israeli officials ; American and Israeli officials believe that Egypt is putting pressure on Israel to curb its invasion of Rafah.

The Kerem Shalom crossing has been a major artery for aid into Gaza since it opened in December and is where most aid trucks now enter. Before Israel’s incursion into Rafah, an average of 185 trucks entered Kerem Shalom daily last week, peaking at 270 trucks last Friday, according to United Nations data. Aid groups have said for months that at least 300 trucks are needed daily to prevent further malnutrition and worsening hunger.

The Rafah crossing remains closed.

The crossing has been an important gate for injured and sick people to leave the enclave to receive medical treatment abroad. The Gazan Health Ministry has said that dozens of people with illnesses such as breast cancer and lymphoma have been unable to leave Gaza since Sunday.

The Erez crossing at Gaza’s northern border is open, but limited aid is trickling through, according to data from COGAT, the Israeli agency that oversees aid delivery in Gaza, and an UNRWA official. It is the only border crossing in the north and was only opened last month after pressure from President Biden.

COGAT said on its website that 36 aid trucks and one fuel truck passed through the Erez crossing on Thursday. Mr. Anderson said UNRWA sent 67 trucks through the Erez crossing on Wednesday and that nothing has passed through since. A reason for the discrepancy between the numbers and days was not immediately clear.

Sending more aid to northern Gaza would be crucial to prevent further malnutrition-related deaths in the area . In March, health experts projected that northern Gaza would soon face a famine, and, on Saturday, Cindy McCain, the executive director of the World Food Program, said that parts of Gaza were already in one. As of mid-April, Gazan health officials said that at least 28 children younger than 12 had died from malnutrition in hospitals and perhaps dozens more outside medical centers.

Since Gaza has no international pier of its own — Israel has for years prevented the construction of one — the U.S. military said in March that it would build a temporary pier to get aid in by sea, part of what it said was a multipronged effort to deliver humanitarian assistance to the enclave.

The Pentagon said on Thursday that the floating pier and the causeway had been completed but that bad weather and sea conditions had prevented their installation. They remain at the Israeli port of Ashdod.

An American cargo ship, called the Sagamore, departed from Cyprus on Thursday, the Pentagon said, and ship tracking websites show the ship positioned at Ashdod. The Sagamore is carrying more than 170 metric tons of nutrition bars, according to the U.S. Agency for International Development, but cannot be unloaded and distributed in Gaza until the pier is installed. It is unclear when that might be, as the Pentagon said the installation would be dependent on security and weather conditions.

COGAT said on Thursday that 117 packages were airdropped in northern Gaza that day. Airdrop operations only began in March to try to prevent a greater humanitarian disaster as hunger grew in the Palestinian territory. COGAT said 99 airdrop operations by nine donating countries, including the United States and Jordan, had been completed since March.

But airdrops have been criticized by aid experts as perhaps the most inefficient way to deliver aid into Gaza, and in some cases, deadly. Airdropped aid packages in March fell on several Palestinians in Gaza City , killing five and wounding several others, according to Gazan health officials. In another case , a dozen Palestinians drowned while trying to retrieve packages that had been intentionally dropped over the water to prevent further deaths if its parachutes failed to deploy.

— Gaya Gupta

South Africa again asks the U.N.’s top court to act against Israel in Gaza

Days after an Israeli military incursion into Rafah , in southern Gaza, South Africa once again asked the United Nations’ top court to issue constraints on Israel, saying “the very survival” of Palestinians in Gaza was under threat.

In filings disclosed by the International Court of Justice in The Hague on Friday, South Africa asked the court to order Israel to immediately withdraw from Rafah, Gaza’s southernmost city where more than a million Palestinians displaced by the war have sought shelter, and to “cease its military offensive” and allow “unimpeded access” to international officials, investigators and journalists.

South Africa’s latest move is part of a case the country filed in December in which it accused Israel of genocide. Since then, the court has ordered Israel to take action to prevent acts of genocide in Gaza and ordered the delivery of more humanitarian aid to Palestinians in the face of growing starvation in areas. But the court has not ordered Israel to stop its military campaign against Hamas.

Israel has strongly denied South Africa’s accusations and said that it had gone to great lengths to admit deliveries of food and fuel into Gaza and to lessen harm to civilians. It has also said that its war in Gaza was necessary to defend itself against the Oct. 7 attacks led by Hamas and other armed groups that killed more than 1,200 Israelis and led to the capture of about 250 others.

Friday’s request is the fourth time that South Africa has asked the U.N. court for temporary injunctions. The filings noted that conditions had deteriorated significantly for civilians sheltering in Gaza.

“Rafah is the last population center in Gaza that has not been substantially destroyed by Israel and as such the last refuge for Palestinians in Gaza,” South Africa stated.

The court has not indicated when it will respond to the South African request, but its rules require that it must give priority to petitions for emergency orders. The 15-judge court has no means of enforcing its orders.

The main case, dealing with the question of genocide, is not expected to start until next year.

— Marlise Simons Reporting from Paris

Cease-fire talks hit snag, in part, on how many hostages would be released in a first phase, officials say.

Talks involving Israeli and Hamas negotiators on a cease-fire and hostage release deal remain snagged over whether a truce would be permanent or temporary, and how many hostages would be freed in the first phase of an agreement, officials briefed on the matter said.

Israel and Hamas representatives left Egypt on Thursday after the latest round of indirect talks — they do not communicate with each other directly — without any deal in sight, the officials said. But U.S., Egyptian, and Qatari teams were still holding further discussions in Egypt.

Hamas is still demanding that Israel abide by a permanent cease-fire and completely withdraw from Gaza as part of any truce, said Mousa Abu Marzouk, a member of Hamas’s political leadership. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel has said Israel cannot end the war as long as Hamas’s rule in Gaza remains intact. On Friday, Hamas declared that Israel’s rejection of a framework that Qatar and Egypt had proposed, and Hamas had approved, had “brought matters back to square one.”

Mr. Abu Marzouk added that another obstacle in the talks is how many living hostages held in Gaza would be released during the first phase of a multistage cease-fire. His account was confirmed by an Israeli official and another official briefed on the negotiation. Both spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss sensitive diplomatic negotiations.

Palestinian armed groups still hold approximately 132 hostages in Gaza, the vast majority of them seized during the Hamas-led attack on Oct. 7, according to the Israeli authorities. But Israel says it has also determined that at least 36 of them are dead.

Israel had initially demanded that Hamas release 40 hostages in the first phase of a cease-fire, including old captives, ill people and women, both civilians and soldiers. Male Israeli soldiers, seen by Hamas as higher-value captives, would be released in the second phase of the truce.

A recent Israeli proposal made a concession, reducing the number of living hostages Israel was demanding to 33 during the first tranche, according to the officials familiar with the talks.

On Monday, Hamas told negotiators it did not have enough living hostages for the first phase of agreement and said the 33 turned over would include both living hostages and the bodies of those who had died in captivity, two U.S. officials said on condition of anonymity because they weren’t authorized to speak publicly.

But during this week’s meetings in Egypt — mediated in part by William J. Burns, the C.I.A. director — the Israeli negotiating team said that Hamas must release 33 living hostages during the first phase, said Mr. Abu Marzouk, the senior Hamas official, and one of the officials briefed on the talks. If the group could not muster that number, Israel demanded they release some captive Israeli male soldiers as well, said Mr. Abu Marzouk.

On Friday, Egypt’s Foreign Ministry said both Israel and Hamas needed to “show flexibility” in the talks so as to “reach an agreement for a truce that would put an end to the humanitarian tragedy.”

Aaron Boxerman contributed reporting.

— Adam Rasgon and Julian E. Barnes

People leaving Rafah describe yet another fearful flight from Israeli assaults.

Manal al-Wakeel and her extended family of 30 people thought they were going home.

Displaced from their home in Gaza City months ago, Ms. al-Wakeel and relatives began packing their bags on Monday and preparing to dismantle their tent in Rafah, at the southern edge of the Gaza Strip.

Hamas had announced that it had accepted a cease-fire proposal from Qatar and Egypt, leaving many Gazans thinking that a truce was imminent. Their joy was short-lived; it soon became clear that Hamas was not talking about the same proposal endorsed days earlier by Israel, which said the two sides remained far apart.

Instead, Israeli warplanes dropped leaflets in eastern Rafah telling people to flee and move to what Israel called a humanitarian zone to the north, as the Israeli military bombarded the area. Gazan health officials say that dozens have been killed since Israel’s incursion into parts of Rafah this week.

“We thought that day a cease-fire was possible,” said Ms. al-Wakeel, 48, who helped the aid group World Central Kitchen prepare hot meals.

She and her family had been sheltering near the Abu Yousef al-Najjar Hospital, in an area battered by Israeli airstrikes and ground combat. The director of the hospital, Dr. Marwan al-Hams, said on Monday that it had received the bodies of 26 people killed by Israeli fire, and treated 50 who were wounded. The hospital was evacuated the next day.

So rather than return home, on Tuesday night Ms. al-Wakeel, her husband, her 11 children and other relatives found a semi-truck that would take them and their belongings, including suitcases of clothes, pots and pans and tents, for 2,500 shekels — about $670 — in search of another place to stay.

They left Rafah around midnight and made their way north along with hundreds of tuk-tuks, trucks, cars and donkey-carts full of other displaced families and their possessions.

“It was a scary night, the truck was moving slowly because of the heavy load on it,” she said.

Once out of Rafah, they made frequent stops at schools and other buildings, desperately looking for any empty place for them to shelter. But every place was full.

Others couldn’t find a place, either, and Ms. al-Wakeel saw many people sleeping by the side of the road next to whatever belongings they had fled with.

At a U.N. school in Deir El-Balah, a young man suggested they stay in an empty concrete building — with no windows — that belonged to the Hamas-led government’s ministry of social development.

“It looked like a dangerous place,” she said, adding that they had been told that a woman and her daughter had previously been killed in one of the building’s rooms by an Israeli missile.

But they were too afraid to continue roaming around in the darkness, and decided to spend the night there and look for a safer place come morning.

“I feel so sad and disappointed for what happened to Rafah as it was stable for us there,” she said. “We have spent so much time having to arrange new places for ourselves again and we feel depressed and so exhausted from repeating the same suffering.”

Saeda al-Nemnem, 42, had given birth to twins less than a month before Israel dropped the leaflets over where they were sheltering in Rafah, ordering them to leave. Her family, also displaced from Gaza City, dispatched a relative to look for a truck that could ferry them north, despite the intense Israeli airstrikes at the time.

The relative, Mohammed al-Jojo, was killed by an Israeli strike on the tractor he was riding, she said.

He “was killed when he was getting us out of that area to a safer place,” she said. “I feel I caused his death.”

Despite the dangers in getting on the road, staying where they were in Rafah was no safer.

Along the terrifying journey to the city of Khan Younis, where she and her family of eight found shelter in a room attached to Al Aqsa University’s main building, they could hear what seemed like explosions from Israeli bombs, missiles and artillery, she said.

“My children’s heartbeats were so high that I could feel them,” she said. It was the heaviest bombardment she had ever heard, she said, “so close and so terrifying for me and my children.”

— Raja Abdulrahim and Bilal Shbair Reporting from Jerusalem and from Khan Younis, in the Gaza Strip

More than 100,000 have fled Rafah, the U.N. says, as Israeli bombardment intensifies.

With fears rising that Israel will move ahead with a long-planned full-scale invasion of Rafah, the United Nations said Friday that more than 100,000 people had fled since Israel ordered people to leave parts of the city and intensified a bombardment that Gazan health officials say has killed dozens of people.

As Israeli troops continued to exchange fire with Palestinian fighters near Rafah on Friday, according to both the Israeli military and Hamas, people were packing up their tents and leaving the southern Gazan city and its surrounding areas where more than a million Palestinians had sought shelter in trucks, cars and donkey carts.

Many of them have already been displaced multiple times by Israel’s war in Gaza over the past seven months.

“Around 110,000 people have now fled Rafah looking for safety,” the main United Nations agency that aids Palestinians, known as UNRWA, posted online on Friday. “But nowhere is safe in the #GazaStrip & living conditions are atrocious.” On Thursday, a U.N. official said that 79,000 people had left since Israel issued its evacuation order.

“The only hope is an immediate #Ceasefire ,” UNRWA said.

Israel seized control of the Gaza side of the Rafah border crossing with Egypt in what it called a “limited operation,” and intense fighting has continued on the eastern edge of the city since. The Israeli military said on Friday that its aircraft had struck Hamas members and rocket-launching sites at several locations in the Rafah area over the past day, while Hamas said its forces had fired mortars on Israeli troops east of the city.

The Israeli security cabinet agreed on Thursday night to expand the operation in Rafah, two officials said, but it was not clear what that would mean in practical terms.

Fighting continues in other areas of Gaza, and on Friday, the Israeli military said four of its soldiers were killed and two were seriously injured by an explosive device near Gaza City, in the northern part of the territory. Israeli forces seized the north months ago but have been unable to control it completely, repeatedly battling militants there.

In an apparent sign of the militants’ staying power, Hamas took responsibility for a rocket attack, the first one since December that was launched from Gaza and triggered air-raid sirens in the southern Israeli city of Beersheba. Rockets were fired at Israel from both Rafah and central Gaza, according to the Israeli military. There were no reports of injuries or serious damage.

Israel has designated what it calls a safe zone for Gazans fleeing Rafah, including Al-Mawasi , a coastal section of Gaza it has advised people to go to for months. But the United Nations has said it is neither safe nor equipped to receive them.

On Friday, UNICEF’s senior emergency coordinator in the Gaza Strip, Hamish Young, said from Rafah that in his 30 years working on large-scale humanitarian emergencies “I’ve never been involved in a situation as devastating, complex or erratic as this.”

“Yesterday, I walked around Al-Mawasi,” Mr. Young said. “The roads to Mawasi are jammed — many hundreds of trucks, buses, cars and donkey carts loaded with people and possessions.”

“People I speak with tell me they are exhausted, terrified and know life in Al-Mawasi will, again, impossibly, be harder,” he said. “Families lack proper sanitation facilities, drinking water and shelter.”

— Raja Abdulrahim and Bilal Shbair

Actions by Israel and Egypt are restricting Gaza aid routes.

For a few weeks, after extraordinary international pressure and warnings of an imminent famine in the Gaza Strip, Israel announced new steps to increase humanitarian aid and more supplies entered the territory.

But the flow of aid, the vast majority of which goes through two border crossings in southern Gaza, has come to a near-total stop this week, first closed off by Israel and then further restricted, officials say, by Egypt.

Israel shut down the Kerem Shalom crossing after a Hamas rocket attack nearby killed four Israeli soldiers last Sunday. The next day, Israeli forces seized and closed the Gaza side of the other crossing, at Rafah on the Egyptian border, as part of what they have described as a limited military operation against Hamas, and raised the Israeli flag over the crossing.

Although Israel has reopened Kerem Shalom and some fuel has gone into Gaza from there, humanitarian aid like food and medicines has not been allowed through the crossing since last Sunday, according to Scott Anderson, a senior official at UNRWA, the main U.N. agency that aids Gaza.

One reason is that Egypt, where most of the aid for Gaza is collected and loaded, is resisting sending trucks toward Kerem Shalom, according to two U.S. officials and another Western official who are involved in the aid operation, as well as two Israeli officials. The American and Israeli officials believe that Egypt is trying to put pressure on Israel to pull back from the Rafah operation.

Another official familiar with the negotiations said U.S. officials — including William J. Burns, the C.I.A. director, who was in Cairo this week for Gaza cease-fire talks — have been trying to persuade Egypt to dispatch the trucks. But Egypt has rebuffed the pressure, saying it will not allow aid to flow to Kerem Shalom while Israel has closed the Rafah crossing, and casting the situation as a matter of sovereignty , a United Nations official said.

All the officials spoke on condition that they not be named because of the sensitivity of the aid talks and the cease-fire negotiations. A spokesman for Egypt’s government declined to comment.

Egypt plays a vital role in the Gaza relief effort. Much of the international aid bound for Gaza is collected in the Egyptian city of El Arish, about 30 miles from the Gaza border, where it is loaded onto trucks and sent to the Israeli border for inspections before being allowed into Gaza.

Egypt has grown increasingly nervous about Israel’s Rafah operation, in part over deep-seated fears it will push Palestinian refugees onto Egyptian soil — an outcome Egypt views as a national security threat. Israel’s presence on the Egypt-Gaza border, a border Egypt is supposed to control, has also drawn heavy domestic criticism.

Egyptian concerns are not the only factor complicating the use of Kerem Shalom. The Western official said that Israeli military activity and fighting near Kerem Shalom have partly destroyed the roads, making it extremely difficult for aid trucks to navigate into Gaza.

With fighting continuing, the area is also considered unsafe for aid workers, according to one of the U.S. officials and the U.N. official, who said that a U.N. contractor near Kerem Shalom was shot at by Israeli forces on Wednesday.

An Israeli military spokesman, Maj. Nir Dinar, declined to comment on the incident, but blamed Hamas for preventing aid from entering. While Kerem Shalom was accepting aid deliveries, he said, it had been closed in previous days only after Hamas fired on the crossing three times this week, killing Israeli soldiers.

“Israel is doing everything to enable” aid to enter, Major Dinar said.

On Friday, the Israeli authorities permitted at least 157,000 liters of fuel to enter southern Gaza through the Kerem Shalom crossing, said Mr. Anderson, the UNRWA official. Gaza’s power grid stopped functioning early in the war, leaving hospitals, bakeries, shelters and other essential facilities dependent on generators for electricity, but this week they were in growing danger of running out of fuel.

While aid deliveries rose in April and the first days of May, before the Rafah operation, aid groups said Israel was not allowing nearly enough into Gaza to stave off famine or the collapse of the health care and sanitation systems. Now that tens of thousands more civilians are fleeing Rafah to areas with little infrastructure set up to care for them and Gazan hospitals are running low on fuel , the United Nations and aid groups say the situation has become far more dire .

Julian E. Barnes , Gaya Gupta and Aaron Boxerman contributed reporting.

— Vivian Yee and Ronen Bergman

Here’s why Rafah and Gaza’s southern border are strategically important in the war.

Tens of thousands of people have fled the city of Rafah, in southern Gaza, this week in response to an evacuation order from Israeli forces who took control of a border crossing there with Egypt and have bombarded the area as part of their campaign against Hamas.

Gaza’s eight-mile-long southern frontier with Egypt is critical to Palestinians. One reason is that it is the territory’s only land border that does not adjoin Israel. But that also makes it vital for Israeli security interests.

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel has repeatedly said that his government sees it as critical to seize control of a buffer strip along the southern edge of Gaza, from Israel’s border to the Mediterranean, known in Israel as the Philadelphi Corridor.

Here is a look at why Rafah has taken on outsize political significance in the war:

Why is Rafah important?

In essence, because of geography. Israel began its ground invasion of Gaza in the north in late October and, since then, has expanded its campaign southward, fighting a series of battles to dismantle the main battalions of the military wing of Hamas, the Qassam Brigades.

Military experts and Israeli officials say that the last remaining battalions are in Rafah, along with Hamas’s military leaders. In addition, Israeli officials say that most of the remaining hostages taken on Oct. 7, more than 100 people, are being held in tunnels under Rafah.

For months, Mr. Netanyahu has said his government wants to eradicate Hamas entirely, making Rafah the logical next destination in its military campaign. But Rafah, a city of around 170,000 before the war, has swollen to more than one million as Gazans driven from their homes in other parts of the enclave have taken shelter there.

Conditions there are catastrophic, with inadequate shelter, sanitation, medical care, food and fuel.

Rafah is also the base for international humanitarian work in Gaza, and it is the funnel through which most aid flows.

Hamas rocket fire from Rafah killed four Israeli soldiers on Sunday, after which Israel sent ground forces to seize the border crossing at Rafah and close it. It also closed the primary aid crossing into Israel, which has since been reopened, though the supplies passing through there are limited.

Why does the border matter to Hamas and Gaza?

At least 12 tunnels wide enough to carry trucks have been constructed under the buffer strip in recent decades, according to Ahron Bregman, a political scientist and expert in Middle East security issues at King’s College in London, who is a former Israeli military officer. The tunnels act as a conduit for commercial imports into Gaza, which are important for Gazans, given Israel’s partial blockade of the territory since 2007, and for the Egyptian and Palestinian business leaders who control the trade.

But the cross-border tunnels are also important for Hamas and have allowed it to smuggle weapons, money, building materials and personnel into Gaza over the years, Mr. Bregman said.

“This is the way they can get in and out without asking the Israelis,” Mr. Bregman said. “This is the only outlet for Hamas at the moment.” He said that unless the tunnels were blocked, Hamas could rebuild its military capacity after the war.

What is Egypt’s interest in the Rafah border?

During other regional conflicts, Egypt has opened its borders to refugees. But the government of President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi fears that, given the chance, large numbers of Palestinian civilians would rush across the border under military pressure from Israel.

Even if they initially only intended to stay for the duration of the war, the Egyptian government is concerned that their stay could become prolonged and that they could be a destabilizing political force in Egypt and a burden on its economy. The government also sees Hamas as an enemy and opposes giving it a foothold in Egypt. Hamas began as an offshoot of the Muslim Brotherhood, an Islamist movement that was strongly linked to the government Mr. el-Sisi overthrew in 2013, and that his government has suppressed.

Egypt has warned Israel to avoid doing anything that could force Gazans across the border or threaten a landmark peace agreement signed by the two countries in 1979.

Egypt has stationed border guards along the Gaza border for decades, but it reinforced that presence after the Oct. 7 Hamas-led assault on Israel.

— Matthew Mpoke Bigg

U.N. officials warn that aid efforts face imminent threat from lack of fuel and food.

Unicef official warns u.n. about dwindling resources in rafah, humanitarian workers are raising concerns over the closure of the rafah and kerem shalom crossings, halting vital aid as over 100,000 people have fled the area to escape the shelling by the israel’s military..

For five days, no fuel and virtually no humanitarian aid has entered the Gaza Strip, and we are scraping the bottom of the barrel. This is already a huge issue for the population and for all humanitarian actors. But in a matter of days, if this is not corrected, the lack of fuel will really grind the whole humanitarian operation to a halt. Food stocks to support the people in the south are expected to run out in the coming days. And the last functioning bakery in the south is about to run out of fuel. At a time when people are being forced to pick up and move again, lifesaving supplies that sustain and support them have been entirely cut off.

Fuel trucks rolled into the Gaza Strip on Friday, after five days without fuel deliveries that U.N. officials said had left hospitals and other parts of the international aid mission facing imminent closure.

The arrival of fuel holds off that collapse temporarily, but leaders of the aid effort say reserves remain dangerously low, and there is still a deepening hunger crisis. The United Nations’ food agency and its primary aid agency in Gaza, UNRWA, will run out of food for distribution in southern Gaza on Saturday, said Georgios Petropoulos, head of the U.N. aid office in the southern city of Rafah.

Gaza’s power grid has long since ceased to function, leaving hospitals, water desalination plants and other critical infrastructure to depend on fuel-burning generators to produce electricity, and vehicles like aid distribution trucks and ambulances also need fuel.

Israeli authorities said 200,000 liters of fuel were delivered to Gaza on Friday. The main United Nations aid agency for the region, UNRWA, put the figure at 157,000 liters. The enclave needs about 160,000 liters per day to function, U.N. officials have said.

But other vital supplies like food and medicine have not reached southern Gaza, where most of the population has sought refuge, since Sunday, UNRWA said.

Once fuel crossed the border into Gaza on Friday, it was not clear how much of it reached its intended destinations. Aid groups have faced an immense challenge in distributing supplies in a war zone with active combat, roadblocks and streets pocked with bomb craters and debris.

Hours before the Israeli announcement of renewed fuel delivery on Friday, U.N. officials said that the cutoff had left their humanitarian activities, particularly providing food and health care, on the brink of collapse as malnutrition and disease mount. Five hospitals, five field hospitals, 10 mobile clinics treating war injuries and malnutrition, and nearly 30 ambulances would soon stop operating, Mr. Petropoulos warned.

“Humanitarian operations cannot run without fuel,” he said. He added that the U.N.’s humanitarian operations would halt “within the next two days” unless solutions were found quickly to allow deliveries of fuel and other supplies into Gaza.

Eight of 12 bakeries in southern Gaza had halted operations for lack of fuel and stock, he added, and the remaining four had only a few days of reserves left.

“In a matter of days, if this is not corrected, the lack of fuel will really grind the whole humanitarian operation to a halt,” said Hamish Young, the U.N. children’s agency emergency coordinator in Gaza.

After months of mounting international criticism, Israel enabled increased aid shipments in April and the first days of May.

But this week, Israel seized the Gaza side of the Rafah crossing on the territory’s southern border with Egypt, in what it described as a limited operation, and closed it for now. The incursion raised fears that a major offensive into Rafah was imminent.

The other main entry point for aid, also in the south, at Kerem Shalom, was closed for several days after Hamas rockets struck nearby. U.N. officials said fuel passed through Kerem Shalom on Friday, but not other aid.

Only a trickle of aid was entering this week through a border crossing point at the northern end of the Gaza Strip, in Erez, but that cannot reach the south and is inadequate given the scale of need, Mr. Petropoulos said in a video news briefing from Gaza.

— Nick Cumming-Bruce reporting from Geneva

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