argumentative essay on globalization

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Arguments for and against globalization

For globalization, 1. one billion people out of poverty.

Between 1990 and 2010, the number of people living in extreme poverty fell by half as a share of the total population in developing countries, from 43% to 21%—a reduction of almost 1 billion people.

Human development indicators have also been improving across the globe. Life expectancy has been increasing steadily everywhere, and most developing countries are now rapidly converging with the rich world; child mortality rates have gone down everywhere; literacy rates, access to clean water, electricity, and basic consumer goods, all of these indicators have been rising.

Scarcity has existed throughout human history. However, never before has the material well-being of so many people been improved in such a short space of time.

2. COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE

As Adam Smith famously alluded to in  The Wealth of Nations , a global free trade system allows countries to use their resources more efficiently, by selling what they produce best, while buying what other countries produce better.

In a 2011  publication , the OECD argued that comparative advantage is one of the most potent explanations of higher income growth in open economies. The differences between countries, including differences in broad policy agendas, create relative differences in productivity, giving rise to gains from trade.

3. INCREASED INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

Certain economists, such as Jagdish Bhagwati, argue that the trade openness brought about by globalisation can contribute to the spread of democracy, as “the benefits of trade brings prosperity that, in turn, creates or expands the middle class that then seeks the end of authoritarianism.” Princeton’s John Doces found that “globalisation measured as increased exports to the U.S. increases the level of democracy in the exporting country.”

Using data provided by Freedom House, George Mason economist Daniel T. Griswold found a  correlation  between economic openness and political and civil freedom across 123 countries.

AGAINST Globalization

1. job losses.

Critics often point out that globalisation has led to job losses in the developed world, notably in the manufacturing sector. For instance, the US has lost 5 million manufacturing jobs since 2000.

What makes things worse is the sense that not everybody is playing by the same rules when it comes to global trade. A common refrain of the Trump administration in the US, for example, is that the West has opened its markets to Chinese exports, but China has not properly reciprocated. Globalization, as it currently exists, is making some in the developed world very rich, but hurting working class communities. This has been a gift to populist politicians, but it has been devastating to many communities in Europe and the US that relied on manufacturing.

2. EROSION OF STATE SOVEREIGNTY

Another common argument is that globalisation has eroded state sovereignty. International trade limits the ability of nation-states to control domestic economies, whereas international organisations and laws place limits on their decision-making abilities.

The Eurozone crisis proved that financial markets can topple governments just as easily as elections. Yet there is no democratic control over financial markets.

Large multinationals exploit legal loopholes (and use well-paid lawyers and accountants) to help them avoid taxes. They offshore their operations to countries with weak labour laws and environmental protection, circumventing higher standards in the developed world (despite selling their products there).

3. INCREASED INEQUALITY

Globalization has made some people very rich. The majority, however, are given scraps. The 2018 World Inequality Report  shows  that inequality is rising across the globe (particularly in rapidly-developing economies such as India and China).

Free market critics, such as the economists Joseph Stiglitz and Ha-Joon Chang, argue that globalisation has perpetuated inequality in the world rather than reducing it.

In 2007, the International Monetary Fund suggested that inequality levels may have  increased  due to the introduction of new technology and foreign investment in developing countries.

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Home — Essay Samples — Sociology — Globalization

Essays on Globalization

Hook examples for globalization essays, "the global village" metaphor hook.

"In the age of globalization, our world has transformed into a 'global village.' Explore the implications of this metaphor and how it has reshaped our understanding of interconnectedness and cultural exchange."

The Impact of Digital Connectivity Hook

"In an era where a single tweet can reach millions, digital connectivity has revolutionized globalization. Delve into the profound impact of the internet, social media, and technology on global interactions."

The Paradox of Local vs. Global Hook

"Globalization blurs the lines between local and global identities. Analyze the paradox of preserving cultural heritage while embracing the globalized world and how this tension shapes our societies."

The Global Marketplace Hook

"Globalization has ushered in an era of unprecedented trade and economic interconnectedness. Explore the dynamics of the global marketplace, from multinational corporations to supply chains spanning continents."

Cultural Fusion and Identity Hook

"Globalization has led to a melting pot of cultures, but what happens to cultural identities in the process? Investigate how globalization impacts the preservation and evolution of cultural identities."

The Challenges of Globalization Hook

"While globalization offers numerous benefits, it also presents challenges. Examine issues such as income inequality, cultural homogenization, and environmental concerns that arise in a globalized world."

The Future of Globalization Hook

"As we stand on the brink of a globalized future, what can we expect? Join me in exploring the potential trajectories of globalization, from its impact on politics to the role of emerging technologies."

The Best Globalization Essay Topics

• The Impact of Globalization on Local Cultures: Integration or Erasure?
• The Impact of Globalization on Cultural Identity in Anthropological Studies
• Globalization and Economic Inequality: Bridging the Gap Between Rich and Poor
• The Role of Technology in Advancing Globalization and Its Social Implications
• Environmental Consequences of Globalization: Challenges and Sustainable Solutions
• Analyzing the Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization
• The Influence of Globalization on Education and Cross-Cultural Exchanges
• Global Political Dynamics: How Globalization Affects Sovereignty and Governance
• Globalization and Health: The Spread of Diseases and Global Health Initiatives
• Consumer Culture and Globalization: The Homogenization of Global Markets

The Disadvantages of a Mcdonaldized Society

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Sociological Imagination Am I Supposed to

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Good and Bad Impact of Globalization

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Globalization's Theories and Effects in The Modern World

The effects of globalization on health and medicine, a study on globalization and its various sides, overview of five articles about globalization, globalization: two sides of the arguments both for and against, globalization and its positive and negative sides for india, the advantages and disadvantages of the globalization process based on real-life examples, criticism and controversial benefits of globalization, globalization: importance of english nowadays, the impact of globalization, nationalism and protectionism on india, an overview of the overall impact of globalization, research of effects of globalization on the media in the world, globalisation as an economical, political and cultural process, pro globalist and anti globalist view from developed country perspective, how global issues impact individual states, electronic commerce in the globalization era, the effect of globalization and americanization on mass media, components of globalization: concept sociocultural and social globalizations, how the impact of globalization on illicit drug trafficking has affected international security, discussion of whether globalization is good or bad for the indian economy.

1. Halliday, T. C., & Osinsky, P. (2006). Globalization of law. Annu. Rev. Sociol., 32, 447-470. (https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.soc.32.061604.123136) 2. Fischer, S. (2003). Globalization and its challenges. American Economic Review, 93(2), 1-30. (https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/000282803321946750) 3. Lang, M. (2006). Globalization and its history. The Journal of Modern History, 78(4), 899-931. (https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/511251?journalCode=jmh) 4. Spring, J. (2008). Research on globalization and education. Review of educational research, 78(2), 330-363. (https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3102/0034654308317846?journalCode=rera) 5. Scott, A., & Storper, M. (2003). Regions, globalization, development. Regional studies, 37(6-7), 579-593. (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0034340032000108697a) 6. Jameson, F. (1998). Notes on globalization as a philosophical issue. In The cultures of globalization (pp. 54-78). Duke University Press. (https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9780822378426-005/html?lang=de) 7. Frankel, J. A. (2003). The environment and globalization. (https://www.nber.org/papers/w10090) 8. Teeple, G. (2000). What is globalization?. Globalization and its discontents, 9-23. (https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780333981610_2)

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• Essay on War

Argumentative Essay On Globalization And The Internet

Type of paper: Argumentative Essay

Topic: War , Gap , Politics , Globalization , Culture , World , Internet , Cold War

Words: 1400

Published: 01/25/2020

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Argumentative Essay - Globalization and the Internet

Globalization as an ongoing practice has led to a shrinking of our world; through the Internet, as well as faster transportation methods and a host of other concerns, it is much easier to conduct business and government activities on a global scale. In an instant, information can be passed or collected from anywhere in the world, granting those with these capabilities a unique responsibility and power. The way in which the Internet is applied towards globalization is very important: Friedman, in "National Strategies for a Changing World: Globalization and National Security," argues that "[w]hat is different about globalization is that instead of being built around one balance between states and states, it is built around three balances of power". I do support Mr. Thomas Friedman's position that the internet has made dramatic changes in the globalization of the world to some extent, but I find Thomas P.M. Barnett's argument about the "Gap" and Samuel P. Huntington's study in the patterns of conflict in "The Clash of Civilizations" more influential in the globalization of our blue planet. Friedman argues that the world has become increasingly globalized, and this globalization has become an effective and permanent replacement for the Cold War. The balance of power is still an incredibly present and viable concept, but Friedman introduces two new balances that supplement the typical international conflicts. First, there are the super markets; like super powers, these large companies have a great deal of financial and political capital, with market forces of substantial number and the ability to manipulate them to get things done in the real world: "The United States can destroy you by dropping bombs. The super markets can destroy you by downgrading your bonds". Secondly, there are now super-empowered people and states; the power of email, social networking and instant messaging allow individuals and smaller groups to corral larger groups to achieve goals. These super-empowered men and women can use their power for good (exposing government corruption by whistle-blowing online) or ill (Osama bin Laden's organization of terrorist activities through the Internet). All of these factors, according to Friedman, led to an extension of Cold War-era democratizations, which had effectively ended the Cold War themselves and expanded greatly into what has now become an increasingly democratized and globalized world. The democratization of finance, information and technology has led to the erosion of barriers to entry for a country or corporation, thereby linking everyone to each other more concretely. Friedman illustrates the concept of a "golden straightjacket" that causes economies to become more deregulated and privatized due to globalization, which thereby limits political discourse and political choice to what these private interests deem valid. In order to navigate this increasingly globalized world, Friedman argues that there is still a substantial link to the physical state in which you reside: "The state, your state, your civil serviceis still the plug through which you plug your country into this system". This is typically the conduit by which most things get done, and relying on it is the best way to avoid 'messy states.' However, Friedman also notes the changes in international geopolitics that has come with the end of the Cold War and the beginning of globalization, noting that 'good guys' and 'bad guys' are outdated notions that do not reflect today's increasingly complex and interweaved global environment. This interconnection prevents war, as suddenly everyone is dependent on everyone else to survive economically. That being said, Friedman also claims that the "hidden fist that keeps the hidden hand operating" is the superior US Armed Forces: "Ain't no McDonald's without McDonnell Douglas". Friedman, in effect, argues wholeheartedly for a hugely dramatic shift in world perspective and the notion of barriers due to the advent of globalization. Despite this fascinating and pervasive perspective, however, Barnett's argument regarding the "Gap" is much more effective in understanding Earth's globalization. Barnett focuses much more on globalization as it relates to defense: "Disconnectedness defines danger". In essence, globalization almost necessitates joining the global community, lest you be cut off from the type of interconnectivity Friedman mentions in his lecture. For example, Saddam Hussein's regime in Iraq is said to be dangerous because it is cut off from "all the ties that bind countries together in mutually assured dependence". However, while Friedman seems to indicate a nearly binary experience for globalization, Barnett notes a "gap" in globalization - pockets of the world where communication and connectivity are not as prevalent as others. There are many factors that must be in place to lead to globalization: "network connectivity, financial transactions, liberal media flows, and collective security". These are the nations that benefit most from globalization, and have higher standards of living - the Functioning Core. Those that are missing this globalization (and, like Iraq, consequently live under authoritarian regimes) are part of the Non-Integrating Gap. Barnett's primary point differs from Friedman's in that, while Friedman effectively argues that the world is already totally globalized, and therefore everyone has too much of a vested economic interest in each other to wage war, Barnett believes there are pockets of the world that have no such dependence on the industrialized world, and therefore are more likely to attack. He argues that 9/11 shattered the assumption that we would be attacked by near-equivalent nations or armies (i.e. members of the globalized world) like in the Cold War; instead, we had to focus on those pockets of the world that did not receive the benefits of globalization as potential threats. In "The Clash of Civilizations," the author provides yet another fascinating factor in globalization - the patterns of conflict around the world and how they have changed as the world grows increasingly smaller. Huntington furthers Barnett's idea that the assumption that globalization would lead to world peace through economic interconnectivity is false; however, he specifically points out the increasing importance of cultural differences as a barometer for conflict. This flies directly in the face of Friedman's claim as well, as Huntington's thesis, by extension, indicates that civilizations and cultures will wage war regardless of economic dependence; these cultural and religious clashes may be all that is required to wage war. Throughout history, the "fault lines between civilizations" have remained steady among religious and cultural lines, with civilizations fighting over spiritual beliefs and political systems, on a micro- and macro-level. This seems to be much more plausible, given the strength of ideology in cultures, and civilization's status as a creature of culture. In conclusion, Barnett and Huntington have far more compelling arguments for the importance of globalization and its link to the Internet than Friedman's strictly economic point of view. Friedman believes that globalization has had such a dramatic effect on world culture that the world itself is seemingly boundary-less; economic interconnectivity has reached the point where nations would risk hurting themselves in the long run by fighting against other nations, and so they would stop. Barriers to entry are eliminated as a result, and the free market becomes a much more powerful force than many actual nations. However, Barnett notes the inability for globalization to reach many countries and groups, leading to a gap in globalization that would dull the effects Friedman describes. Furthermore, Huntington notes that many of these nations might go to war with each other anyway, due to the strong and inextricable ties civilizations have with culture (and the constant need to defend that culture or impose it on others). With those considerations in mind, Friedman's overall points about globalization are compelling, but less so than the remaining influence of political/religious cultures and gaps in said globalization.

Works Cited

Barnett, Thomas, "The Pentagon's New Map: It Explains Why We're Going to War, and Why We'll Keep Going to War." C113 Reading E (2010), pp. 97-106. Friedman, Thomas. "National Strategies and Capabilities for a Changing World: Globalization and National Security." C112 Reading D (2010), pp. 81-95. Huntington, Samuel P. "The Clash of Civilizations?" C111 (1993), pp. 99-114.

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Argumentative Essay: Negative Effects of Globalization

Globalization isn’t a new process. It’s actually been around for thousands of years. It’s the process of interaction between people and integration among each other. This includes integration of companies, governments, nations and processes used in the trade across the world. It is a process that has effects on the entire society, environment, politics and culture, as well as the economic development of the world. This can also influence wealth, prosperity and physical well-being of people in the world. Because globalization means that people from great distances buy and sell goods from each other, it also means people have invested in other countries and their companies for centuries. It sounds like there are no negative sides to this collaboration. However, there are bad effects of globalization that might have a stronger influence on the society than the benefits of globalization.

Starting off with the one of the first of negative impacts of globalization, it increase the emissions of CO2. How exactly? The fact is, the companies and enterprises require more and more goods, which means factories burn more coal quickly, thus increasing the release of carbon dioxide into the environment. Needless to say, this has a terrible effect on the environment, causing global warming to speed up and endanger our overall existence in a couple of decades. The more goods and service countries and people require, and the more affordable prices are due to the competitive nature of companies, the higher the negative impact will be on the environment. This is not something companies usually consider as their priority, but is one of the major factors why we are faced with global warming.

Globalization also influences employment in many countries. This process has led to a transfer of jobs from develop, and highly-successful countries to those that are less developed. This means that, less developed countries, that have lower wages overall, inexpensive coal, light rules when it comes to pollution are able to create an atmosphere where other countries can’t possibly compete. Just in the US, the percentage of employed citizens has drastically dropped, especially since China joined the World Trade Organization. However, the globalization negative effects can be seen all around the world, not just in the USA. So many countries are hiring help off shore due to employees who are willing to do the same job, at lower prices, which actually influences the economy of a country in a negative way.

Another one of the negatives of globalizations that ordinary citizens can actually notice is the tax changes. With big companies that can move around to locations where the taxes are lower, citizens feel the changes in taxes the most. People can’t move from location to location, due to their jobs and personal lives. There’s also the fact that with the lack of jobs caused by globalization, communities are basically competing with each other, in the sense who will give more tax breaks to their employers. This in essence means, globalization is transferring taxes over to the ordinary citizens, away from the corporations.

It is a fact that globalization has created a very competitive environment in the entire world. Each country strives to sell as many goods and services, at the lowest price possible. The prices are important, because the lower and more affordable the prices are among competitors, the bigger the demand, because the people are always going for what’s ultimately cheaper. This has triggered the so-called currency race to the bottom. This makes every country drop the value of its currency. And this isn’t the only effect of globalization, when value is concerned. Another way companies cut down on costs and sell at the lowest price is by paying lower wages to their employees, using cheaper fuels that pollute the environment more, and essentially let more pollution into the air causing global warm to become more intense.

One of the major negative consequences of globalization revolved around independence. Or for that matter, the lack of it in certain countries. In a certain way, globalization has encouraged the dependence on certain goods and services in some countries. Certain countries may rely on import more than on the production process overall. This leads to countries stopping to produce their own goods, such as clothing and food, and import it entirely from other countries, putting their well-being into the hands of another country. So far the system has worked, but what happens when dependent countries are left without resources, because the system starts to fail. And this dependence isn’t just on food and clothing, but on technology as well. If a country doesn’t produce their own goods, they are in high risk of a crisis, if these resources potentially stop functioning.

Last but not least, globalization is a process that enables countries to collaborate with each other through integration of systems, making these countries not just possibly dependent on each other but tied together tightly, creating a chain. This chain can mean, if a country collapses due to a certain reason, it is likely to influence other countries it is connected through the system of globalization, endangering all countries it’s connected to. There have been many examples like this in history. Civilizations that started off small, grew and eventually over-utilized their resource base, after which it ended up collapsing. Although this has happened in the past, and our systems have evolved, we are still involved in a very similar situations, if not potentially more dangerous now, because of the large number of countries who are linked together through globalization.

Globalization is an inevitable process that has been around for thousands of years and has continued to develop further using all the resources possible to make trade more efficient. With all of the above mentioned negative effects of globalization, it leads us to the conclusion that if globalization had a negative impact on civilizations and countries before, causing them to collapse completely, this event is bound to happen again in the future. The question is just when.

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✍️Essay on Globalisation: Samples in 100, 150 and 200 Words

• Updated on  
• Oct 25, 2023

Globalisation means the combination of economies and societies with the help of information, ideas, technology, finance, goods, services, and people. It is a process where multinational companies work on their international standing and conduct operations internationally or overseas. Over the years, Globalisation has had a profound impact on various aspects of society. Today we will be discussing what globalisation is and how it came into existence with the essay on globalisation listed below.

Table of Contents

• 1 How Globalisation Came Into Existence?
• 2 Essay on Globalisation in 100 Words
• 3 Essay on Globalisation in 150 Words
• 4 Essay on Globalisation in 200 Words

How Globalisation Came Into Existence?

For all those unaware, the concepts of globalisation first emerged in the 20th century. Here are some of the key events which led to the development of globalisation in today’s digital world.

• The ancient Silk Route as well as the maritime routes led to the exchange of goods, ideas and culture in several countries. Although these were just trade routes, but later became important centres for cultural exchange.
• Other than this, the European colonial expansion which took place from the 15th to the 20th century led to the setting up of global markets where both knowledge and people were transferred to several developing countries. 
• The evolution and exchange of mass media, cinema and the internet further led to the widespread dissemination of cultures and ideas.

Also Read: Essay on the Importance of the English Language for Students

Essay on Globalisation in 100 Words

Globalization, the interconnectedness of nations through trade, technology, and cultural exchange, has reshaped the world. It has enabled the free flow of goods and information, fostering economic growth and cultural diversity. However, it also raises challenges such as income inequality and cultural homogenization. 

In a globalized world, businesses expand internationally, but local industries can suffer. Moreover, while globalization promotes shared knowledge, it can erode local traditions. Striking a balance between the benefits and drawbacks of globalization is essential to ensure a more equitable and culturally diverse global community, where economies thrive without leaving anyone behind.

Also Read: Essay on Save Environment: Samples in 100, 200, 300 Words

Essay on Globalisation in 150 Words

Globalization is the process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among countries, economies, and cultures. It has transformed the world in various ways.

Economically, globalization has facilitated the flow of goods, services, and capital across borders. This has boosted economic growth and reduced poverty in many developing nations. However, it has also led to income inequality and job displacement in some regions.

Culturally, globalization has resulted in the spread of ideas, values, and cultural products worldwide. While this fosters cultural exchange and diversity, it also raises concerns about cultural homogenization.

Technologically, globalization has been driven by advances in communication and transportation. The internet and smartphones have connected people across the globe, allowing for rapid information dissemination and collaboration.

In conclusion, globalization is a complex phenomenon with both benefits and challenges. It has reshaped the world, bringing people closer together, but also highlighting the need for responsible governance and policies to address its downsides.

Also Read: Essay on Unity in Diversity in 100 to 200 Words

Essay on Globalisation in 200 Words

Globalization, a multifaceted phenomenon, has reshaped the world over the past few decades. It involves the interconnectedness of economies, cultures, and societies across the globe. In this essay, we will briefly discuss its key aspects and impacts.

Economically, globalization has led to increased international trade and investment. It has allowed companies to expand operations globally, leading to economic growth in many countries. However, it has also resulted in income inequality and job displacement in some regions.

Culturally, globalization has facilitated the exchange of ideas, values, and traditions. This has led to a more diverse and interconnected world where cultures blend, but it can also challenge local traditions and languages.

Socially, globalization has improved access to information and technology. It has connected people across borders, enabling global activism and awareness of worldwide issues. Nonetheless, it has also created challenges like cybercrime and privacy concerns.

In conclusion, globalization is a double-edged sword. It offers economic opportunities, cultural exchange, and global connectivity, but it also brings about disparities, cultural tensions, and new global challenges. To navigate this complex landscape, the world must strive for responsible globalization that balances the interests of all stakeholders and promotes inclusivity and sustainability.

Related Articles

The movement of goods, technologies, information, and jobs between countries is referred to as globalisation. 

Globalization as a phenomenon began with the earliest human migratory routes, or with Genghis Khan’s invasions, or travel across the Silk Road.

Globalisation allows wealthy nations to access cheaper labour and resources, while also providing opportunity for developing and underdeveloped nations with the jobs and investment capital they require.

For more information on such interesting topics, visit our essay-writing page and follow Leverage Edu ! 

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Malvika is a content writer cum news freak who comes with a strong background in Journalism and has worked with renowned news websites such as News 9 and The Financial Express to name a few. When not writing, she can be found bringing life to the canvasses by painting on them.

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Home / Essay Samples / Social Issues / Globalization / Globalization – Effects on Economy, Culture and Politics

Globalization - Effects on Economy, Culture and Politics

• Category: Government , Economics , Social Issues
• Topic: Democracy , Economic Development , Globalization

Pages: 5 (2304 words)

• Downloads: -->

Effects of Globalization in Economy

Effects of globalization in culture, cultural similarization, cultural variety, cultural unity - variety, effects of globalization in politics, globalization and democracy.

• Free elections. It means every one and groups can have chance to reach power. This is a main index to evaluation democracy in political systems.
• Rationality of political actors. In fact, this index is basic of democratic system, and is democratic structures formation. However, the measure rationality of actors is different in various countries.
• Separation and monitoring of powers.
• Liberally decision making power of representations. The representations should be making decision making liberally and without internal and external threat and impacts.
• Freedom of parties, political groups, social forces, in political actions. 'Josef Schumpeter' belief that, this index is essential for democratic decision making.
• Civil liberties and its safeguard. It includes freedom of expression, press, conscience, information, association, action, and etc. This index, obtains the context of political participation.
• Codification of constitution and respect it. In fact, the constitution appearance general will and guaranties democracy.
• Political and social equal opportunity for all citizens.
• Evolution on concept of democracy: Democracy, in influenced of globalization, has more changed in relative to its traditional concept. Democracy in its new concept is not just participation process, election, representation, reign of low, and political and urban freedom. But it should be define as: measure of formation civil institutions in societies and its combine on global culture. In 'David Held' opinion, democracy in globalization age, include societies that closed in borders. However they utilize similar communication and world order.
• Spread of civil society: Civil society is essential and structural request for democracy realization. Behind the three columns of democracy, namely: responder state, freedom elections, urban and political rights, the civil society are fourth and important column of democracy.so, democracy doesn't realize, unless independent institutions of civil society be Institutionalize in societies. 'Richard Falk' beliefs, globalization not only created civil society in national level and inside of nation-states, but also caused creation civil society in supranational level, namely; global civil society. Global civil society includes all organizations, movements and associations that are ultra-individuals and understate.
• Increase of middle class: Globalization increased and developed middle class, by increase of urban institutions, parties, national and supranational groups and movements. Increase of middle class, whit various and vast demands, is a social context of democracy. In otherwise, it signs non growth of democracy.

Globalization and Nation-State

Globalization and new political actors.

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