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You are here, beng 100: frontiers of biomedical engineering,  - genetic engineering.

Professor Saltzman introduces the elements of molecular structure of DNA such as backbone, base composition, base pairing, and directionality of nucleic acids. He describes the processes of DNA synthesis, transcription, RNA splicing, translation, and post-translational processing required to make a protein such as insulin from its genetic code (DNA). Professor Saltzman describes the genetic code. RNA interference is also discussed as a way to control gene expression, which can be applied as a new way to treat diseases.

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• Introduction
• Building Blocks of DNA
• Structure of DNA and RNA
• Central Dogma and DNA Synthesis
• Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis
• Control of Gene Expression

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GENETIC ENGINEERING.

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Genetics and Genetic Engineering

define genetic engineering

Frontiers of Genetics Chapter 13.

Biotechnology Chapter 11.

Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineers can alter the DNA code of living organisms. Selective Breeding Recombinant DNA Gel Electrophoresis Transgenic Organisms.

+ Genetic Engineering (Biotechnology) The Splice of Life.

Genetic Engineering Techniques

GENETIC ENGINEERING. INTRODUCTION For thousands of years people have changed the characteristics of plants and animals. For thousands of years people.

 DNA – Double Helix Structure  Each spiral strand is composed of a sugar phosphate backbone and attached bases  4 Bases: Adenine (A), Guanine(G), Cytosine.

Ch. 13 Genetic Engineering

Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering.

Biotechnology. Any process that uses our understanding of living things to create a product.

Irene is 10 years old and in the last few weeks, she suddenly experienced extreme tiredness, weight loss, and increased thirst. Her parents were concerned,

Recombinant Plasmids.

Genetics and Genetic Engineering terms clones b organisms or cells of nearly identical genetic makeup derived from a single source.

Genetic Engineering Some diabetics need to inject insulin. We used to get insulin from cows or pigs, but that took time and money. We now use bacteria.

Genetic Engineering Do you want a footer?.

DNA Technology Chapter 12. Applications of Biotechnology Biotechnology: The use of organisms to perform practical tasks for human use. – DNA Technology:

Recombinant DNA Technology Bacterial Transformation & GFP.

National 5 Biology Course Notes Unit 1 : Cell Biology Part 6 : Genetic Engineering.

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12 Genetic Engineering

Walter Suza; Donald Lee; Marjorie Hanneman; and Patricia Hain

• Define genetic engineering.
• List and briefly explain the five basic steps in genetic engineering. Describe why each is necessary.
• Identify the fundamental differences between genetically engineered crops and non-genetically engineered crops.
• Explain the limitations to traditional breeding that are overcome by genetic engineering.
• Identify the approximate length of time required to obtain a marketable transgenic crop line (complete the entire crop genetic engineering process).

Introduction

The production of genetically engineered plants became possible after Bob Fraley and others succeeded to use Agrobacterium tumefaciens to transform plant cells with  recombinant DNA in the early 1980s (Vasil, 2008a). Since this breakthrough in plant biotechnology, GM crops are now routinely developed and grown in many parts of the globe. Current statistics on adoption of genetically engineered crops in the U.S. can be found on the USDA Economic Research Service’s website.

Genetic engineering has been used successfully to develop novel genes of economic importance that can be used to improve the genetics of crop plants. Genetic engineering is the targeted addition of a foreign gene or genes into the genome of an organism. The genes may be isolated from one organism and transferred to another or may be genes of one species that are modified and reinserted into the same species. The new genes, commonly referred to as transgenes, are inserted into a plant by a process called transformation. The inserted gene holds information that will give the organism a trait (Figure 1).

Crop genetic improvement (plant breeding) is an important tool but has limitations. First, in conventional terms, genetic improvement can only be done between two plants that can sexually mate with each other. This limits the new traits that can be added to those that already exist in that species. Second, when plants are mated, (crossed), many traits are transferred along with the trait of interest including traits with undesirable effects on yield potential.

Genetic engineering, on the other hand, is not bound by these limitations. It physically removes the DNA from one organism and transfers the gene(s) for one or a few traits into another. Since crossing is not necessary, the ‘sexual’ barrier between species is overcome. Therefore, traits from any living organism can be transferred into a plant. This method is more specific in that a single trait can be added to a plant.

The overall process of genetic engineering. A basic explanation of the five steps for genetically engineering a crop is provided. The five steps are:

• Locating an organism with a specific trait and extracting its DNA.
• Cloning a gene that controls the trait.
• Designing a gene to express in a specific way.
• Transformation, inserting the gene into the cells of a crop plant.
• Cross the transgene into an elite background.

Step 1: DNA Extraction

The process of genetic engineering requires the successful completion of a series of five steps and discoveries. To better understand each of these, the development of Bt maize will be used as an example.

Before the genetic engineering process can begin, a living organism that exhibits the desired trait must be discovered. The trait for Bt maize (resistance to European corn borer) was discovered around 100 years ago. Silkworm farmers in the Orient had noticed that populations of silkworms were dying. Scientists discovered that a naturally occurring soil bacteria was causing the silkworm deaths. These soil bacteria, called Bacillus thuringiensis, or Bt for short, produced a protein that was toxic to silkworms, the Bt protein.

Although the scientists did not know it, they had made one of the first discoveries necessary in the process of making Bt corn. The same Bt protein found to be toxic to silkworms is also toxic to European corn borer because both insects belong to the Lepidoptera order. The production of the Bt protein in the bacteria is controlled by the bacteria’s genes.

To be able to work with the gene responsible for making the Bt toxin, scientists must extract DNA from the Bt bacteria (Figure 2). This is accomplished by taking a sample of bacteria containing the gene of interest and taking it through a series of steps that separate the DNA from the other parts of a cell.

Step 2: Gene Cloning

The second step of the genetic engineering process is gene cloning. During DNA extraction, all the DNA from the organism is extracted at once. This means the sample of DNA extracted from the  Bacillus thuringiensis  bacteria will contain the gene for the Bt protein, but also all the other bacterium’s genes. Scientists use  gene cloning  to separate the single gene of interest from the rest of the DNA extracted (Figure 2).

The next stages of  genetic engineering  will involve further study and experimentation with this gene. To do that, a scientist needs to have thousands of exact copies of it. This copying is also done during the gene cloning step.

Step 3: Gene Design

Gene design relies upon another major discovery. This was the ‘One gene One enzyme’ Theory first proposed by George W. Beadle and Edward L. Tatum in the 1940’s. Discoveries made during their research laid the groundwork for the theory that a single gene stores the information that directs the cell in how to produce a single enzyme (protein ). Therefore, there is a single gene that controls the production of the Bt protein. It is called the Bt gene.

Once a gene has been cloned (Figure 2), genetic engineers begin the third step, designing the gene to work once inside a different organism. This is done in a test tube by cutting the gene apart with  restriction enzymes  and replacing certain regions (Figure 3).

Scientists replaced the bacterial gene promoter with promoters turn on the Bt gene in selected parts of the plant or promoters that can always turn on the  Bt gene in all tissues. As a result, the first Bt gene released was designed to produce a level of  Bt protein lethal to European corn borer and to only produce the Bt protein in green tissues of the corn plant, (stems, leaves, etc.). Later, Bt genes were designed to produce the lethal level of protein in all tissues of a corn plant, (leaves, stems, tassel, ear, roots, etc.).

Plant transformation and tissue culture

The process of transformation involves the insertion of the desired transgene construct (Figure 5) into cells of the recipient plant species.  In this process, scientists isolate tissue or cells from the cultivar they wish to transform and use one of several methods to insert the transgene into the tissue or cells. The transgene construct contains the following key features.

• A promoter that acts to turn the gene on and off in the cell . The CaMV 35s promoter from the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) is commonly used in genetic engineering. Other types of promoters, such as, the nopaline synthase promoter (NOS-Pro) also may be used to express transgenes in plant tissues.
• A selectable marker that is used to select cells that successfully obtained the construct during the transformation process . In figure 4, the selectable marker in the construct is NPT II (Kanr) that controls resistance to the antibiotic kanamycin.  The cells of the plant used for transformation will be grown on a media containing the antibiotic. Other selectable markers that have been used successfully in plants include genes controlling herbicide resistance.
• A terminator sequence , such as the nopaline synthase (NOS) is included to mark the end of the transgene sequence for proper expression in plant cells.

Two commonly used transformation methods include Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation and biolistics transformation (aka gene gun ), commonly referred to as particle bombardment (Figure 5). The biolistics method involves the use of high pressure to propel tungsten or gold beads coated with DNA of the gene construct into plant cells.

Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation

Crown galls are tumors of plants that arise at the site of infection by some species of the Agrobacterium. Agrobacteria do not enter the plant cells but transfer a DNA segment called T-DNA from their circular extra chromosomal tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid into the genome of the host cells. Ti plasmids are maintained in Agrobacteria because a part of their T-DNA contains genes that encode unusual amino acids used by Agrobacterium. The T-DNA also encodes genes that affect host plant hormone physiology resulting in induced growth of the infected cells and tumor formation.  Scientists took advantage of Agrobacterium’s ability to stably integrate its T-DNA into the plant genome for introducing rDNA into plant cells. They first removed the genes that cause tumor or crown gall disease in plants from the T-DNA and engineered the plasmid for replication in both Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium cells. The initial replication of the construct in E. coli is useful for verifying the presence of the cloned gene and increasing the quantity of construct DNA for subsequent uses, including sequencing and transformation into Agrobacterium.

The steps in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of plants are described in Figure 6.

At present, very few host cells receive the construct during the transformation process. Each random insertion of the construct into the genome of plant cells is referred as an event. Useful events are rare because of the random nature of the transformation process. Selectable markers are very important because they allow the identification of the rare events (Figure 7). Scientists must screen many potential transformants to identify events that are useful for breeding.

From there, the new DNA may or may not be successfully inserted into a chromosome. The cells that do receive the new gene are called transgenic and are selected from those that are not transgenic (Figure 7). Many types of plant cells are totipotent meaning a single plant cell can develop into an entire plant. Therefore, each transgenic cell can then develop into an entire plant which has the transgene in every cell. The transgenic plants are grown to maturity in greenhouses and the seed they produce, which has inherited the transgene, is collected. The genetic engineer’s job is now complete. He/she will hand the transgenic seeds over to a plant breeder who is responsible for the final step.

Inheritance of a transgene in plants

Transformation is successful when a transgene is incorporated into one of the chromosomes.  The cells that have only one copy of the transgene in their genomes are said to be hemizygous (hemi = half, zygous = zygote). Because the segregation in the progeny of a hemizygous plant is the same as for a heterozygous plant, the term heterozygous will be used in this course when referring to a plant that is not homozygous for the transgene. The trait will segregate in the progeny in the same manner as any other gene in the plant as illustrated below (Figure 8).

Step 5: Backcross Breeding

The fifth and final part of producing a genetically engineered crop is backcross breeding (Figure 9). Transgenic plants are crossed with elite breeding lines using traditional plant breeding methods to combine the desired traits of elite parents and the transgene into a single line. The offspring are repeatedly crossed back to the elite line to obtain a high-yielding transgenic line. The result will be a plant with a yield potential close to current hybrids that expresses the trait encoded by the new transgene .

The Process of Plant Genetic Engineering

The entire  genetic engineering  process is basically the same for any plant. The length of time required to complete all five steps from start to finish varies depending upon the gene, crop species, and available resources. It can take anywhere from 6-15+ years before a new  transgenic hybrid is ready for release to be grown in production fields.

The tissue culture process of regenerating transgenic plants from callus may result in genetic variation that is not associated with the transgene. Also, the parent line used for transformation commonly is selected for the frequency with which useful events can be obtained and not its agronomic performance.  Therefore, transgenes are incorporated into commercial cultivars by conventional breeding procedures, such as backcrossing.

Genetic engineering is the directed addition of foreign DNA (genes) into an organism.

Five basic steps in crop genetic engineering:

• DNA extraction – DNA is extracted from an organism known to have the desired trait.
• Gene cloning – The gene of interest is located and copied.
• Gene modification – The gene is modified to express in a desired way by altering and replacing gene regions.
• Transformation – The gene(s) are delivered into tissue culture cells, using one of several methods, where hopefully they will land in the nucleus and insert into a chromosome.
• Backcross breeding – Transgenic lines are crossed with elite lines to make highyielding transgenic lines.

Vasil, I. K. (2008) A short history of plant biotechnology. Phytochem 7: 387-394.

Vasil, I. K. (2008) A history of plant biotechnology: from the Cell Theory of Shleiden and Schwann to biotech crops. Plant Cell Rep 27: 1423-1440.

Genetics, Agriculture, and Biotechnology Copyright © 2021 by Walter Suza; Donald Lee; Marjorie Hanneman; and Patricia Hain is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

Genetic Engineering

Jul 20, 2014

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Genetic Engineering. BIOTECHNOLOGY & RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNIQUE. It is the methods scientist use to study and manipulate DNA. It made it possible for researchers to genetically alter organisms to give them more useful traits. . BIOTECHNOLOGY & RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNIQUE.

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BIOTECHNOLOGY & RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNIQUE • It is the methods scientist use to study and manipulate DNA. • It made it possible for researchers to genetically alter organisms to give them more useful traits.

BIOTECHNOLOGY & RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNIQUE Researchers isolate genes from one organism, manipulate the purified DNA in vitro, and then transfer the genes into another organism.

Tools Used in Biotechnology • Restriction Enzymes (scissors): Are naturally occurring enzymes that cut DNA into fragments in a predictable and controllable manner creating sticky ends. • Ligase Enzymes (glue): These fragments of DNA can then be easily joined to fragments from an entirely different DNA using DNA ligase Enzymes.

The combined actions of restriction enzymes, and DNA ligase enable researchers to join fragments of DNA from diverse sources, creating recombinant DNA molecules:

Gel Electrophoresis: • This is used to separate DNA fragments according to size. • Usually agarose or polyacrylamide gel is used. • Then the gel is stained by ethidium bromide that binds to DNA and flouresces when viewed with UV light.

Techniques Used in Genetic Engineering • Obtaining DNA: To isolate DNA , cells are lysed by adding a detergent. The relatively DNA is sheared into many pieces of varying lengths. • DNA ligase: The DNA ligase enzyme is used to join the vector (plasmid or a bacteriophage) and the insert (the DNA of interest that need to be coloned) .

Techniques Used in Genetic Engineering • Introducing the recombinant DNA into a new host: The recombinant molecule is introduced into the new host, usually E.coli, using transformation. Then this new DNA molecule is allowed to replicate with the host.

DNA SEQUENCING • The most widely used technique is the dideoxy chain termination method. • A key ingredient in a sequencing reaction is a dideoxynucleotide, a nuclotide that lacks the 3’OH and therefore functions as a chain terminator. • The flourescent marker used on the ddNTPs indicates which nucleotide was incorporated at the terminating position.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) In 1985, Kary Mullis developed a new technique • that made it possible to synthesize large quantities of a DNA fragment . • PCR is used to make large quantities of a particular DNA sequence . The machine used is called a thermal cycler.

PCR • It is used to rapidly increase the amount of a specific DNA segment in a sample. • It can create millions of copies of a given region of DNA in a matter of hours. • The machine used is called “thermal cycler”. • Specific primers are used to selectively replicate only chosen regions of DNA that is called “target DNA”

Steps of PCR technique • Step 1 ( heating to 95°C): the target DNA containing the sequence to be amplified is heat denatured to separate its complementary strands.

Step2 (lowered to 50°C): the temperature is lowered so that the primers can anneal ( attach) to the complimentary DNA.

Steps of PCR technique • Step3 (higher up to 70°C): Taq DNA polymerase extends the primers and synthesizes copies of the target DNA sequence by adding the corrospondingnucleotides.

PCR The heat stable DNA polymerase of a thermophilic bacterium Thermusaquaticus.

PCR • This three-step cycle results in the duplication of the original target DNA. After the first cycle there will be two ds-DNA molecules for every original ds-DNA target; after the next cycle, there will be four; after the next cycle there will be eight , and so on.

Application of PCR in medicine • PCR-based diagnostic tests for AIDS, Lyme disease, chlamydia, tuberculosis, hepatitis, the human papilloma virus, and other infectious agents are being developed. • Diagnosis using PCR tests are rapid, sensitive, and specific. • Detection of genetic diseases such as sickle cell anemia, phenylketonuria, and muscular dystrophy. • In forensic science, it is used in criminal cases for DNA fingerprinting.

Probe Technology • This method is used to locate specific nucleotide sequences in DNA or RNA samples that have been affixed to a solid surface.

Probe Technology • Step 1Isolate cells on a solid support • Step 2Disrupt cells to obtain dsDNA

Probe Technology • Step 3Convert dsDNA to ssDNA& bind to solid support • Step 4Add labeled probe

Probe Technology • Step 5Hybridize probe to target • Step 6Detect probe’s signal

Probe Technology - Colony Blotting • Colony blotting uses probes to detect specific DNA sequences in colonies grown on agar plates. • This method is commonly used to determine which of a collection of clones contain the DNA of interest.

Probe Technology - FISH • FISH flourescencein situ Hybridization Used to identify cells directly in a specimen. This method uses a flourescently labeled probe to detect specific nucleotide sequences within intact cells affixed to a microscope slide.

Probe Technology – DNA Microarray • Usually done on a glass slide where hundreds of short DNA fragments are fixed. • Then the DNA of the sample of interest is digested into small fragments , then labeled and then added to the appropriate microarray slide.

Basics Principle • DNA attached to solid support • Glass, plastic, or nylon. • RNA is labeled • Usually indirectly (attached to a labeled DNA). Bound DNA is the probe Labeled RNA is the “target”

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GENETIC ENGINEERING

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industrial use of living organisms, or parts of living organisms to produce foods, drugs, or other products. Genetic Engineering. Means making changes to DNA in order to change the way living things work. Creates new crops and farm animals Make bacteria that can make medicines

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Asking the Right Questions about Genetic Engineering

Religious voices are valuable in considering the implications of human genetic engineering.

By David Barr | May 22, 2024

Reservations about human genetic engineering generally fall into two camps: those who worry it is unnatural and those who worry it will be unfair . The ways these concerns are deployed are often unhelpful, but they point us toward real areas of concern where religious voices are valuable.

We can wave aside the superficial versions of these worries easily. The first is far too general in its condemnation. Genetic engineering is unnatural, but so is nasal spray. The whole project of medicine is an effort to make us healthier than we find ourselves naturally . If we are going to condemn human bioengineering because it is unnatural, we’d have to find an argument that would not condemn all medical technology.

The second concern, rather than condemning too much technology, is often not about technology at all. Walter Isaacson, in an interview after writing a book on the subject, commented that, “One of the problems when people discuss technology is that they often speak as if they’re afraid of technology when what they’re afraid of is capitalism.” When my students share worries about an engineered human future, they are not usually afraid of genetics as some scary frontier – they don’t remember a time when we couldn’t program DNA like computer code. What older generations may assume is still science fiction – using an engineered virus to alter genes and cure a disease! – my students simply take for granted (these techniques have already received FDA approval ). No, my students tend to be afraid that new technologies will reinforce existing inequalities and systems of oppression. They aren’t worried about genetic technology; they are worried about genetic capitalism. 

Worries about capitalism dominate dystopian depictions of our bioengineered future. My students regularly reference Gattaca , a movie which depicts a future with a strict class division between those who have been genetically engineered and those made the old-fashioned way, with only the former given access to professional opportunities. (Students bring up Gattaca often enough that I suspect high school biology teachers must all show the film in class).  

In stories like Gattaca , nothing goes wrong with the bioengineering itself (stories of experimental medicine going wrong and producing zombies is a whole other genre). The problem in these movies is that successful bioengineering literally incarnates social inequality. These movies make visible the present reality that inheritance restricts our destinies. They are myths about capitalism as much or more than technology.

So, the objection that genetic technology is unnatural can fail because it criticizes too much technology, and the objection that it is unfair is inadequate because it may not criticize technology at all. But each of these concerns can point in a helpful direction, and more sophisticated versions of these arguments deserve consideration. 

First, it is a thin definition of nature that calls all uses of technology unnatural. But there are different ways in which a technology can alter nature. Some technologies facilitate and reinforce existing relationships of care; others warp such relationships. To treat a child’s cancer with chemotherapy isn’t “natural,” but caring for a sick child certainly is. To select your future child’s traits from a menu seems unnatural in a fundamentally different way. The former uses new technology to aid an ancient vocation of care. The latter introduces a novel power dynamic into intimate relationships, changing parents into consumers and children into products. Calling such engineering “unnatural” may be a shorthand for legitimate concerns about how these practices could distort relationships at the heart of human life.  

Second, there are concerns about capitalism and genetic engineering that pertain directly to these technologies. Unfortunately, our ideas about justice have become so dominated by concerns about social oppression that we struggle to see anything underneath relations of power. We can forget the biology beneath sociality. If our moral aspirations are limited to achieving equity, we may not anticipate that a human population which radically alters its biology might be equally and freely victim to its own lack of foresight. We have an array of needs – food, water, shelter – as a result of having bodies, needs that we should strive to meet equitably. But bodies are more than things with needs; the fact that we are genetically diverse, ecological bodies shapes our goods and our experience of them. Genetic variation undergirds our social life in ways we may not recognize until they are removed by the flattening effects of biotechnology. I worry that, if we miss that fact, we may welcome Huxley’s “ brave new world ,” as long as it comes with universal engineering and single-payer soma distribution. 

We might imagine a just biotechnological future in which all races and classes have access to opportunities to engineer their children. But such a society, despite its social justice, may be worse off than one without genetic engineering, even if it is healthier, taller, and more athletic. We shouldn’t just worry about capitalism making the future unfair. We should also worry about consumerism bioengineering a banal human monoculture (a concern that is intrinsic to the potential homogenizing effects of the technology). Yes, we should worry about a future where some people are born into a genetic ghetto, but we should probably also worry about a future where all people are born into a genetic suburb. Seeing that danger requires that we think about more than social justice when we think about genes and capitalism. 

Refocusing moral concern on what is “natural” and bodily is a task for which religions may be critical. One reason why I value the work of religious ethicists in addition to philosophers is that religions often maintain closer contact with the messiness of bodily life. Religious communities tend to remain in touch, through spiritual disciplines, ritual, and confession, with the biological basis of human flourishing. They should be less prone to forget the limits that bodies put on agency. Religions can help us articulate visions of the human good that have positive content, rather than just negative condemnations of injustice. They can help us learn the lesson that there are realities – sacred, natural, or both – before which we ought to hold back, that there are mysteries to be respected, not removed. Featured image by National Cancer Institute/Unsplash

David Barr (AB ’06, PhD ’19) is Visiting Assistant Professor of Religion at Berry College (Rome, GA), where he teaches courses on bioethics, race, and environmental ethics. His current book project, The Irony of Human History: A Christian Realist Environmental Ethics , draws on the work of Reinhold Niebuhr to propose a more realistic method for religious environmental ethics.

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Cool template designs are in Slidesgo’s DNA. But what’s inside a human’s DNA? If you have investigated the language that shapes our species, this template is the perfect ally for your thesis defence. This design is filled with illustrations of double helixes that will make your content more visual and...

Science Subject for High School - 9th Grade: Molecular Genetics Infographics

It’s time for a DNA class! This topic is so fascinating! To understand how our body works and how something microscopic holds so much information is incredible. Whether it’s for the original template about Molecular Genetics or any other, these infographics are perfect to write down your data about your...

DNA: The Human Body Recipe

The "recipe" for a new human life is quite complicated, but we all know that it begins with love. Then, a couple of cells called "ovum" and "spermatozoon" do some magic... and then the stork comes and brings a new baby. We're just kidding, but what's true is that DNA...

Achondroplasia Condition

Download the Achondroplasia Condition presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides. Taking care of yourself and of those around you is key! By learning about various illnesses and how they are spread, people can get a better understanding of them and make informed decisions about eating, exercise, and seeking medical attention....

Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology - 12th Grade

Download the "Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology - 12th Grade" presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides. High school students are approaching adulthood, and therefore, this template’s design reflects the mature nature of their education. Customize the well-defined sections, integrate multimedia and interactive elements and allow space for research or group projects...

DNA Nanotechnology Thesis

If you are looking for the perfect presentation to defend your thesis on DNA nanotechnology, we are happy to say you've come to the right place. Explore this professional template with blue and pink colors and illustrations of a DNA chain, with which you can structure your thesis explanation in...

Genetic Testing for Cancer Breakthrough

A major breakthrough in the fight against cancer recently occurred in the form of a new discovery that genetic testing can be a key tool in detecting this devastating disease. While it's too early to know for sure just what impact this discovery will have, it's fair to say that...

Genetic Diseases

Download the "Genetic Diseases" presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides. Taking care of yourself and of those around you is key! By learning about various illnesses and how they are spread, people can get a better understanding of them and make informed decisions about eating, exercise, and seeking medical attention....

DNA, Genes and Chromosomes

Download the "DNA, Genes and Chromosomes" presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides. Healthcare goes beyond curing patients and combating illnesses. Raising awareness about diseases, informing people about prevention methods, discussing some good practices, or even talking about a balanced diet—there are many topics related to medicine that you could be...

DNA and RNA as Pillars of Molecular Genetics

Venture into the world of molecular genetics with this Google Slides and PowerPoint template. Perfect for discussing intricate topics like DNA and RNA, this layout is a blend of education and entertainment. The design, with futuristic purple elements, radiates a cool and innovative feel. Engage your audience with visually pleasing...

Genetics and Heredity - Biology - 9th Grade

From the color of our eyes to the texture of our hair, genetics play a significant role in shaping who we are. It's fascinating to think that we inherit traits from our parents and ancestors that have been passed down for generations. Let's explore this! These clear slides are editable...

DNA Infographics

These new infographics have designs that revolve around illustrations of DNA and helices, so that makes them great for health-related presentations or scientific topics. All of them are very colorful, and the diagrams are varied, including circles, processes, and have a number of elements that goes from three to eight.

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