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• 26 Apr 2024

Deion Sanders' Prime Lessons for Leading a Team to Victory

The former star athlete known for flash uses unglamorous command-and-control methods to get results as a college football coach. Business leaders can learn 10 key lessons from the way 'Coach Prime' builds a culture of respect and discipline without micromanaging, says Hise Gibson.

• 02 Apr 2024
• What Do You Think?

What's Enough to Make Us Happy?

Experts say happiness is often derived by a combination of good health, financial wellbeing, and solid relationships with family and friends. But are we forgetting to take stock of whether we have enough of these things? asks James Heskett. Open for comment; 0 Comments.

• Research & Ideas

Employees Out Sick? Inside One Company's Creative Approach to Staying Productive

Regular absenteeism can hobble output and even bring down a business. But fostering a collaborative culture that brings managers together can help companies weather surges of sick days and no-shows. Research by Jorge Tamayo shows how.

• 12 Mar 2024

Publish or Perish: What the Research Says About Productivity in Academia

Universities tend to evaluate professors based on their research output, but does that measure reflect the realities of higher ed? A study of 4,300 professors by Kyle Myers, Karim Lakhani, and colleagues probes the time demands, risk appetite, and compensation of faculty.

• 29 Feb 2024

Beyond Goals: David Beckham's Playbook for Mobilizing Star Talent

Reach soccer's pinnacle. Become a global brand. Buy a team. Sign Lionel Messi. David Beckham makes success look as easy as his epic free kicks. But leveraging world-class talent takes discipline and deft decision-making, as case studies by Anita Elberse reveal. What could other businesses learn from his ascent?

• 16 Feb 2024

Is Your Workplace Biased Against Introverts?

Extroverts are more likely to express their passion outwardly, giving them a leg up when it comes to raises and promotions, according to research by Jon Jachimowicz. Introverts are just as motivated and excited about their work, but show it differently. How can managers challenge their assumptions?

• 05 Feb 2024

The Middle Manager of the Future: More Coaching, Less Commanding

Skilled middle managers foster collaboration, inspire employees, and link important functions at companies. An analysis of more than 35 million job postings by Letian Zhang paints a counterintuitive picture of today's midlevel manager. Could these roles provide an innovation edge?

• 24 Jan 2024

Why Boeing’s Problems with the 737 MAX Began More Than 25 Years Ago

Aggressive cost cutting and rocky leadership changes have eroded the culture at Boeing, a company once admired for its engineering rigor, says Bill George. What will it take to repair the reputational damage wrought by years of crises involving its 737 MAX?

• 16 Jan 2024
• Cold Call Podcast

How SolarWinds Responded to the 2020 SUNBURST Cyberattack

In December of 2020, SolarWinds learned that they had fallen victim to hackers. Unknown actors had inserted malware called SUNBURST into a software update, potentially granting hackers access to thousands of its customers’ data, including government agencies across the globe and the US military. General Counsel Jason Bliss needed to orchestrate the company’s response without knowing how many of its 300,000 customers had been affected, or how severely. What’s more, the existing CEO was scheduled to step down and incoming CEO Sudhakar Ramakrishna had yet to come on board. Bliss needed to immediately communicate the company’s action plan with customers and the media. In this episode of Cold Call, Professor Frank Nagle discusses SolarWinds’ response to this supply chain attack in the case, “SolarWinds Confronts SUNBURST.”

• 02 Jan 2024

Do Boomerang CEOs Get a Bad Rap?

Several companies have brought back formerly successful CEOs in hopes of breathing new life into their organizations—with mixed results. But are we even measuring the boomerang CEOs' performance properly? asks James Heskett. Open for comment; 0 Comments.

• 12 Dec 2023

COVID Tested Global Supply Chains. Here’s How They’ve Adapted

A global supply chain reshuffling is underway as companies seek to diversify their distribution networks in response to pandemic-related shocks, says research by Laura Alfaro. What do these shifts mean for American businesses and buyers?

• 05 Dec 2023

What Founders Get Wrong about Sales and Marketing

Which sales candidate is a startup’s ideal first hire? What marketing channels are best to invest in? How aggressively should an executive team align sales with customer success? Senior Lecturer Mark Roberge discusses how early-stage founders, sales leaders, and marketing executives can address these challenges as they grow their ventures in the case, “Entrepreneurial Sales and Marketing Vignettes.”

• 31 Oct 2023

Checking Your Ethics: Would You Speak Up in These 3 Sticky Situations?

Would you complain about a client who verbally abuses their staff? Would you admit to cutting corners on your work? The answers aren't always clear, says David Fubini, who tackles tricky scenarios in a series of case studies and offers his advice from the field.

• 12 Sep 2023

Can Remote Surgeries Digitally Transform Operating Rooms?

Launched in 2016, Proximie was a platform that enabled clinicians, proctors, and medical device company personnel to be virtually present in operating rooms, where they would use mixed reality and digital audio and visual tools to communicate with, mentor, assist, and observe those performing medical procedures. The goal was to improve patient outcomes. The company had grown quickly, and its technology had been used in tens of thousands of procedures in more than 50 countries and 500 hospitals. It had raised close to $50 million in equity financing and was now entering strategic partnerships to broaden its reach. Nadine Hachach-Haram, founder and CEO of Proximie, aspired for Proximie to become a platform that powered every operating room in the world, but she had to carefully consider the company’s partnership and data strategies in order to scale. What approach would position the company best for the next stage of growth? Harvard Business School associate professor Ariel Stern discusses creating value in health care through a digital transformation of operating rooms in her case, “Proximie: Using XR Technology to Create Borderless Operating Rooms.”

• 28 Aug 2023

The Clock Is Ticking: 3 Ways to Manage Your Time Better

Life is short. Are you using your time wisely? Leslie Perlow, Arthur Brooks, and DJ DiDonna offer time management advice to help you work smarter and live happier.

• 15 Aug 2023

Ryan Serhant: How to Manage Your Time for Happiness

Real estate entrepreneur, television star, husband, and father Ryan Serhant is incredibly busy and successful. He starts his days at 4:00 am and often doesn’t end them until 11:00 pm. But, it wasn’t always like that. In 2020, just a few months after the US began to shut down in order to prevent the spread of the Covid-19 virus, Serhant had time to reflect on his career as a real estate broker in New York City, wondering if the period of selling real estate at record highs was over. He considered whether he should stay at his current real estate brokerage or launch his own brokerage during a pandemic? Each option had very different implications for his time and flexibility. Professor Ashley Whillans and her co-author Hawken Lord (MBA 2023) discuss Serhant’s time management techniques and consider the lessons we can all learn about making time our most valuable commodity in the case, “Ryan Serhant: Time Management for Repeatable Success.”

• 08 Aug 2023

The Rise of Employee Analytics: Productivity Dream or Micromanagement Nightmare?

"People analytics"—using employee data to make management decisions—could soon transform the workplace and hiring, but implementation will be critical, says Jeffrey Polzer. After all, do managers really need to know about employees' every keystroke?

• 01 Aug 2023

Can Business Transform Primary Health Care Across Africa?

mPharma, headquartered in Ghana, is trying to create the largest pan-African health care company. Their mission is to provide primary care and a reliable and fairly priced supply of drugs in the nine African countries where they operate. Co-founder and CEO Gregory Rockson needs to decide which component of strategy to prioritize in the next three years. His options include launching a telemedicine program, expanding his pharmacies across the continent, and creating a new payment program to cover the cost of common medications. Rockson cares deeply about health equity, but his venture capital-financed company also must be profitable. Which option should he focus on expanding? Harvard Business School Professor Regina Herzlinger and case protagonist Gregory Rockson discuss the important role business plays in improving health care in the case, “mPharma: Scaling Access to Affordable Primary Care in Africa.”

• 05 Jul 2023

How Unilever Is Preparing for the Future of Work

Launched in 2016, Unilever’s Future of Work initiative aimed to accelerate the speed of change throughout the organization and prepare its workforce for a digitalized and highly automated era. But despite its success over the last three years, the program still faces significant challenges in its implementation. How should Unilever, one of the world's largest consumer goods companies, best prepare and upscale its workforce for the future? How should Unilever adapt and accelerate the speed of change throughout the organization? Is it even possible to lead a systematic, agile workforce transformation across several geographies while accounting for local context? Harvard Business School professor and faculty co-chair of the Managing the Future of Work Project William Kerr and Patrick Hull, Unilever’s vice president of global learning and future of work, discuss how rapid advances in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and automation are changing the nature of work in the case, “Unilever's Response to the Future of Work.”

How Are Middle Managers Falling Down Most Often on Employee Inclusion?

Companies are struggling to retain employees from underrepresented groups, many of whom don't feel heard in the workplace. What do managers need to do to build truly inclusive teams? asks James Heskett. Open for comment; 0 Comments.

Health Care Management Science

Health Care Management Science publishes research dealing with health care delivery, health care management, and health care policy.

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Volume 27, Issue 1

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An optimization framework for large-scale screening under limited testing capacity with application to covid-19.

• Hrayer Aprahamian
• George Golovko

Do adjustment costs constrain public healthcare providers’ technical efficiency? Evidence from the New Zealand Public Healthcare System

• Antony Andrews
• Grigorios Emvalomatis

Real-time management of intra-hospital patient transport requests

• Vinicius M. Ton
• Nathália C. O. da Silva
• Valérie Bélenger

Applications of data envelopment analysis in acute care hospitals: a systematic literature review, 1984–2022

• Dinesh R. Pai
• Fatma Pakdil
• Nasibeh Azadeh-Fard

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Journal updates, call for papers for special issue on management science for pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response.

Learn more about the upcoming Special Issue on Management Science for Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness, and Response that is currently seeking submissions.

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About the Journal

Journal of Management Sciences (JMS) is an open access Double-Blind Peer review journal, recognized by Higher Education Commission (HEC), published and owned by the Department of Business Administration, IQRA University. JMS is a bi-annual research journal freely available online. JMS is a scholarly journal that publishes scientific research on the practice of management and its application in business. JMS welcomes contributions from all around the world and has a wide range of readers. The scope of JMS is to focus on innovation in processes, strategies, structures, outcomes, and behaviors in different types and levels of business organizations with the purpose of providing managers insights into introducing and successfully managing innovation within their organizations. A free online access and free publication make it easily available. A high-quality Double-Blind Peer review ensures its quality and original contributions in the field of management sciences. The Journal welcomes submissions based on management research that breaks new ground theoretically or solves practical problems through innovation.

Each article accepted after peer review process is made freely available online immediately upon publication, is published under a Creative Commons license and will be hosted online in perpetuity.

JMS publishes articles which are; based on empirical and theoretical research, literature reviews, and case studies - without preference.

All submitted research papers and articles will be checked for originality using Ithenticate. JMS does not have article processing, editorial processing and submission fee (APCs). The editorial team of JMS is deeply grateful to the Department of Business Administration, IQRA University for its generous funding and intellectual guidance in running the journal successfully.

Subject Areas: Innovation in Business Strategy, Innovation in Entrepreneurship, Innovation in Marketing, and Innovation in Management.

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Testing and Controlling for Common Method Variance: A Review of Available Methods 1095

Several studies have debated over the prevalence of Common Method Variance (CMV) in organizational research. This paper highlights various procedural and statistical remedies to assess and control common method variance in any organizational study. It has been recognized that Common Method Variance (CMV) may significantly influence the research findings if it is not controlled properly through procedural and statistical remedies. However, researchers usually do not use all procedural remedies to remove potential impacts of CMV. Therefore, statistical remedies are strongly suggested to control and remove effects of CMV from data analysis. We have mentioned some common and effective statistical remedies [...]

Cognitive Emotion Theory and Emotion-Action Tendency in Online Impulsive Buying Behavior 86

Impulsive buying in online setting has become an epidemic as it represents a noteworthy proportion of online shopping. Impulsive buying behaviors with upcoming avenues for future research are under the constant considerations of academicians and practitioners. Despite abundant research on impulsive buying behavior in online context, research scholars demand for further research and empirical evidences for better understanding of the phenomenon. It is therefore worthy question to examine impulsive buying behaviors in online setting. This study seeks to model and empirically examine cognitive aspects as a precursor of emotional aspects that ultimately lead towards impulsive buying actions. This study used [...]

Eco Labels and Eco Conscious Consumer Behavior: The Mediating Effect of Green Trust and Environmental Concern 72

This study explores the relationship between eco labels and eco conscious consumer behavior for green products. Mediation effect of consumer trust regarding green products and their concern for the sustainability of environment have also been analyzed. There are many researches regarding consumers' evaluation of green products and consumer behavior, but no substantial research has been done on the effects of understanding eco labels on eco-conscious consumer behavior. Eco labels are the essential sources of information regarding products' features and focus on providing information about less detrimental effects of green products on environment. Data of respondents have been collected through convenience [...]

Indirect Impact of Hedonic Consumption and Emotions on Impulse Purchase Behavior: A Double Mediation Model 69

Impulse purchasing is a universal yet seldom discussed phenomenon. This research study was oriented with the objective to identify the double-mediated relationship between impulse purchasing behavior and fashion orientation through hedonic consumption and emotions. To achieve this objective, survey research method was deployed and data had been collected from 231 general fashion consumers of Karachi. Process macro developed by Hayes (2012) was used as a statistical tool in order to study the relationship between the studied variable. The results suggest that hedonic consumption and positive emotions fully mediates the relationship between fashion orientation and impulse purchasing. The implications portrayed that [...]

Dynamic Relationship between Urbanization, Energy Consumption and Environmental Degradation in Pakistan: Evidence from Structure Break Testing 69

This study investigates the Carbon dioxide emission-urbanization-growth nexus in Pakistan by taking time series data from the period of 1972 to 2013. The study applied three approaches of co-integration (ARDL bounds test, Johansen and Juselius and Gregory and Hansen structural break test) to confirm the valid long-run positive interaction between carbon dioxide emission and urbanization. The robustness of cointegrating vectors are further checked using FMOLS and DOLS tests and the results validate the long-run coefficients. The results of VDM exhibit the uni-directional causality between carbon dioxide emission and urbanization running from urbanization to carbon dioxide emission. It was therefore noted [...]

Attitudes and Behaviors of the Mobile Phones Users towards SMS Advertising: A Study in an Emerging Economy 67

Advertisement through SMS is a commonly used medium in the era of technology. Companies are utilizing this medium of advertisement quite frequently. Rapid increase of the usage of mobile phones has developed an innovative way of utilizing this marketing tool. Due to the exponential growth in telecommunication industry after introduction of SMS and MMS, this study has been conducted to investigate the consumer attitude towards SMS advertisement and its relationship with behavior. Entertainment, irritation, product involvement and appeal were used in order to investigate the attitude of the consumer. A questionnaire was used to examine the relationships among variables of [...]

Hypothetical Investigation of Green Firm Performance: The Intervening Role of Sustainable Production

The primary goal of this study is to investigate the impact of eco-efficient infrastructure and organizational capabilities on green organizational performance, with sustainable production serving as a moderator. To achieve the study's goal, data were collected from 528 respondents in the manufacturing sector using a stratified sampling technique. The findings showed that a firm's eco-efficient infrastructure and organizational capabilities play an important role in achieving green performance; additionally, sustainable production plays an important mediating role. This study contributes to the development of policies for organizations to improve their green performance and theoretically eco-efficient infrastructure, which has been overlooked in previous [...]

The Influence of Spiritual Leadership on Prosocial Voice: Examining the Mediating Role of Spiritual Wellbeing in Pakistan's Hospitality Industry

This study investigates the relationship between spiritual leadership, prosocial voice, and spiritual wellbeing in the hospitality industry of Pakistan. Spiritual leadership has gained recognition as a unique leadership approach that incorporates spiritual values and principles in organizational settings. The study aims to explore whether spiritual leadership positively influences prosocial voice among employees, and whether spiritual wellbeing mediates this relationship. The research employs a quantitative research design and collects data from a sample of employees working in various hotels and resorts in Pakistan's hospitality industry. The sample is selected using a convenient sampling technique, and a structured questionnaire is used for [...]

Greening the Bricks: Unraveling the Impact of Environmental Policy on Firm Performance in Brick Industry of Pakistan

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From Runway to Click-way: Unraveling the Power of Authenticity in Digital Marketing

In today's competitive digital market, brands need to stand out by giving their customers unique and valuable experiences. The study explores the role of online brand experience and brand consistency in improving brand love by examining the direct and mediated effects of brand authenticity on an online platform. The study also looked at the role of self-congruence in moderating the linkage between brand authenticity and brand love. This study uses stimulus-organism-response (SOR) theory to explore conceptual relationships. Using a purposive sampling technique, this study collected 372 consumers' responses who had at least 4 months of online experience with the global [...]

Analyzing Quality Learning and Development Aspects of Novice Professionals Using Artificial Intelligence: The Evidence from Law Enforcement Agencies

The improvement of employees' professional competence through quality learning and development is the most important goal of any organization. For this purpose, special attention to develop the skills of the novice professionals to replace the aging workforce has great significance. Novice professionals should learn and grow at work in a way that it must influence quality of their grooming as well as progression in career however, not much is known about the way it occurs. Like all other hierarchical larger organizations, law enforcement agencies (LEAs) also have to stay current on such learning and development practices. Therefore, in this research [...]

Is Chatbot Marketing have a Relationship with Electronic Word of Mouth? A Mediating Role of the Customer-Brand Relationship

This study examines the chatbot marketing relationship with electronic word of mouth from the customer response. The population of Pakistan is more familiar with internet surfing and most of them are mobile users. The data was collected by using a seven-point Likert scale from 120 users who might have some experience in using the chatbot marketing tool. This study uses structural equation modeling by using SmartPLS version 3.2.9 for data analysis. The results show chatbot marketing efforts are directly linked with communication qualities while indirectly linked with customer-brand relationships. The result also shows that customer-brand relationships are directly [...]

Testing and Controlling for Common Method Variance: A Review of Available Methods 688

Attitudes and behaviors of the mobile phones users towards sms advertising: a study in an emerging economy 657, is chatbot marketing have a relationship with electronic word of mouth a mediating role of the customer-brand relationship 280, cognitive emotion theory and emotion-action tendency in online impulsive buying behavior 248, impact of leaders' change-promoting behavior on readiness for change: a mediating role of organizational culture 222.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the leaders' change-promoting behavior on employees' readiness for change and whether the organizational culture mediates this relationship. A sample of 205 responses is drawn from employees having junior or senior level of managerial responsibilities in Karachi. The method of both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses is employed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the measurement model. The structural equation modeling method was then applied to examine the theoretical framework with the help of seven frequently reported goodness-of-fit indices. The results indicate that leaders' change-promoting behavior has a significant [...]

Dynamic Relationship between Urbanization, Energy Consumption and Environmental Degradation in Pakistan: Evidence from Structure Break Testing 220

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Top Articles

Testing and controlling for common method variance: a review of available methods, cognitive emotion theory and emotion-action tendency in online impulsive buying behavior, eco labels and eco conscious consumer behavior: the mediating effect of green trust and environmental concern.

This study explores the relationship between eco labels and eco conscious consumer behavior for green products. Mediation effect of consumer trust regarding green products and their concern for the sustainability of environment have also been analyzed. There are many researches regarding consumers\' evaluation of green products and consumer behavior, but no substantial research has been done on the effects of understanding eco labels on eco-conscious consumer behavior. Eco labels are the essential sources of information regarding products\' features and focus on providing information about less detrimental effects of green products on environment. Data of respondents have been collected through convenience [...]

Indirect Impact of Hedonic Consumption and Emotions on Impulse Purchase Behavior: A Double Mediation Model

Dynamic relationship between urbanization, energy consumption and environmental degradation in pakistan: evidence from structure break testing, attitudes and behaviors of the mobile phones users towards sms advertising: a study in an emerging economy, recent articles.

The primary goal of this study is to investigate the impact of eco-efficient infrastructure and organizational capabilities on green organizational performance, with sustainable production serving as a moderator. To achieve the study\'s goal, data were collected from 528 respondents in the manufacturing sector using a stratified sampling technique. The findings showed that a firm\'s eco-efficient infrastructure and organizational capabilities play an important role in achieving green performance; additionally, sustainable production plays an important mediating role. This study contributes to the development of policies for organizations to improve their green performance and theoretically eco-efficient infrastructure, which has been overlooked in previous [...]

This study investigates the relationship between spiritual leadership, prosocial voice, and spiritual wellbeing in the hospitality industry of Pakistan. Spiritual leadership has gained recognition as a unique leadership approach that incorporates spiritual values and principles in organizational settings. The study aims to explore whether spiritual leadership positively influences prosocial voice among employees, and whether spiritual wellbeing mediates this relationship. The research employs a quantitative research design and collects data from a sample of employees working in various hotels and resorts in Pakistan\'s hospitality industry. The sample is selected using a convenient sampling technique, and a structured questionnaire is used for [...]

In today\'s competitive digital market, brands need to stand out by giving their customers unique and valuable experiences. The study explores the role of online brand experience and brand consistency in improving brand love by examining the direct and mediated effects of brand authenticity on an online platform. The study also looked at the role of self-congruence in moderating the linkage between brand authenticity and brand love. This study uses stimulus-organism-response (SOR) theory to explore conceptual relationships. Using a purposive sampling technique, this study collected 372 consumers\' responses who had at least 4 months of online experience with the global [...]

The improvement of employees\' professional competence through quality learning and development is the most important goal of any organization. For this purpose, special attention to develop the skills of the novice professionals to replace the aging workforce has great significance. Novice professionals should learn and grow at work in a way that it must influence quality of their grooming as well as progression in career however, not much is known about the way it occurs. Like all other hierarchical larger organizations, law enforcement agencies (LEAs) also have to stay current on such learning and development practices. Therefore, in this research [...]

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Research Problems in Management Sciences: An Expository Approach

• OSADEME Gloria Chinagozi
• Jun 30, 2023
• Business Management

OSADEME Gloria Chinagozi Department of Business Administrations, Lagos State University, Ojo

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2023.7634

Received: 02 May 2023; Revised: 24 May 2023; Accepted: 27 May 2023; Published: 29 June 2023

The importance of the research problem cannot be over emphasised, as the success of a study is dependent on the identification of an appropriate problem. One of the most difficult tasks for a researcher is identifying a researchable problem to study. This study explored the identification of research problem in management sciences research. The study adopted an exploratory research design. Further, an evaluation of the types, sources, and procedure for formulating research problem as well as research problem statement in the field of management sciences was carried out. The study revealed three types of research problems: exploratory, causal, and relational research problems; three major sources of research problems: empirical, theoretical, and conceptual deductions; a model of research problem conceptualisation; and appropriate ways of writing problem statements in management sciences. The study concluded that identifying and conceptualising research problems as well as developing problem statements is an essential part of the research process, which must be done appropriately. The study suggested that researchers use the model to identify and formulate an appropriate research problem prior to conducting a study, because the research problem is the bedrock of all research.

Key words: Identification, Management Sciences, Methodologies, Problem Statement, and Research Problem.

INTRODUCTION

The first step in the scientific research method, according to Kebritchi (2017) is the recognition of a felt difficulty, an obstacle, or a problem that perplexes the researcher. A situation becomes a problem when it affects a single person, a group of people, or a community as a whole. A problem is defined as an issue that appears to necessitate interpretation and as matter that require change in order to be resolved (Jonker & Pennink, 2010).The first and most important step in management sciences research is the identification of research problems, without which no research can be conducted. It is like knowing where one is going before embarking on a journey (Walia & Chetty, 2020).It forms the basis for the entire research process. It is also similar to the foundation of a future building, and developing a plan of a building is a difficult task. Similarly, identifying different research problems is a difficult task (Shoket, 2014). The fuel that propels the entire scientific research process is research problems. As a result, in contemporary management sciences research, problem identification is of the utmost importance for the researcher before the research is conducted (Simmi, Tanu, & John, 2019).

When a problem is effectively identified and formulated, subsequent research efforts are facilitated (Shoket, 2014). Problem identification and formulation involves the researcher psychologically, induces restlessness, and piques his/her interest in finding a solution to the problem. Problems do not occur in a vacuum; rather, they are context dependent (Bryman, 2007). According to Simmi, et al. (2019)the fundamental component of an excellent research is an explicitly stated research problem that is essential in revealing natural mysteries. The research problem defines the problem to be investigated and guides the methodology. It results in the development of an appropriate research objective, research question, and research hypothesis. As a result, the research problem is aimed at investigating an existing ambiguity regarding a particular area of concern and demonstrates the need for deliberate investigation. A good research problem helps to develop a focused arguable thesis and the construction of a logical argument (Hashimi, 2015).

Management sciences is a broad multidisciplinary study of problem solving and decision making in human organisations, with solid links to economics,  business, management consulting, engineering, and other fields (Paavo, Sabrina & Snejina, 2020). It uses a variety of scientific research-based strategies, principles, and analytical methods, such as numerical algorithms, mathematical modelling, and statistics to enhance an organisation’s capacity for making logical and accurate management decisions by arriving at optimal or near-optimum answers to complex issues (Ellis &Yair, 2018). Management science research helps businesses achieve their goals by utilising various scientific methods (Bracio & Szarucki, 2020).

Thus, identifying and developing a compelling problem statement is critical in management science research because it functions as a communication tool and is critical in the context of research with the objective of enhancing individuals, groups, and companies,  (Ellis &Yair, 2018). The most important goal of the problem statement is to precisely and clearly define the issue under discussion. Maintaining focus and keeping the research on track.  It is revised at the conclusion of the research to make sure that the solution chosen addresses the problem (Hashimi, 2015).

The aim of this study is to shed more light on the identification of research problems in management sciences. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review the current state of affairs and present some guiding considerations in the identification of research problems in management sciences.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The significance of the research problem cannot be overstated, as the success of a study depends on identifying a suitable problem (Fischler, 2019). One of the most challenging tasks for a researcher is to identify a research problem to study (Fischler, 2019). It calls for a significant amount of thought, searching, and speculation on the part of the researcher. In addition, it calls for a substantial amount of effort, time, and energy (Miles, 2019). A novice researcher will typically struggle to determine how to locate the problem situation (Miles, 2019). A poor problem identification and formulation may fail to keep researchers interested in the study and may land the researcher in unanticipated difficulties later on (Alvesson& Sandberg, 2011). According to Nixon (2019), identifying and formulating a research problem can sometimes be more challenging than resolving it.

This challenge could be attributed to the researchers being unable to identify relevant research problems without duplicating and repeating prior research, rather than a lack of researchable problems (Simmi, Tanu, & John, 2019). This inability may occur because the researcher lacks in-depth knowledge of the research process. The researcher may not be familiar with the areas for research as well as the procedures that must be complied with in order to identify a suitable area of research (Oyediran, 2019). New researchers have an unattainable, thereby unrealistic view of the research problem. Even an experienced researcher finds it challenging to list all of the problems that require investigation (Alvesson& Sandberg, 2013). Further, even after identifying the research problem, some researchers struggle to come up with a suitable problem statement (Fischler, 2019).

However, it is clear that the importance of identifying and formulating a research problem has been formalised in academic circles. Studies have been carried out on this topic such as, Oyediran (2019), Alvesson and Sandberg (2011), Shoket (2014), Simmi, Tanu & John (2019), Kebritchi (2017), and Bryman (2007), among others. Surprisingly, there are limited existing studies on this topic that contains a comprehensive discussion and presentation of the identification of research problems, as well as the proper way of writing a problem statement, particularly in management sciences research. Further, books on research methods does not appear to place enough emphasis on it. Its treatment is usually both precise and scanty.

Researchers frequently asks these questions, “How can I come up with a researchable problem?”  “How do I know it is a valuable research problem that the panel will accept?” “How do I write a problem statement appropriately?” This paper is an attempt to provide answers to these questions. This study is proposed as a systematic exposition to shed more light on this subject.

Research Objective

The specific objective of this study is to:

Explore research problem identification and formulation in management sciences research.

METHODOLOGY

This study utilised exploratory research design and it relies on secondary data gathered from various publications, journals, textbooks, and internet sources that focused on research problem.

Conceptual Review

Research Problem

Nixon (2019) asserts that organisational issues or opportunities serve as the basis for research problems. If there is a problem, it means that the organisation is not operating at its best. In other words, problems occur when there is a mismatch or gap between the current state (of an organisational procedure, system, sub-system, process, etc.) and the desired state (Nixon, 2019). When a manager identifies a problem, they want to solve it. When a researcher discovers a gap, it is classified as a research problem, which should be, addressed (Simmi, Tanu & John, 2019).

A research problem is a statement about an area of concern, a condition that needs to be improved, a difficulty that needs to be solved, or a perplexing question that exists in scholarly literature, theory, or practise and shows a requirement for significant comprehension and intentional investigation (Sanjay, 2015). The research problem, according to Bryman (2007), is the heart of a study. It is a concise, specific statement of the area of concern or investigation that is supported by evidence. It propels research questions and processes while also providing a structure to comprehend research findings (Kebritchi, 2017). The research problem is a gap in existing knowledge that the researcher desires to be filled, a problem with a well-known and well-documented process or practise requiring a solution, or some unforeseen occurrences or prior results that suggest the need for additional investigation (Oyediran, 2019). The approach can be theoretical or practical, and the type of problem addressed is determined by the type of research desired (Antony, 2022).

Researchers should not, in any case, duplicate the opinions of others previously stated, pose a question that is far too broad to be answered within the scope of their research, or be so unclear that the reader is confused of their reasons for conducting the study (Oyediran, 2019). To avoid such problems, researchers must define the research problem clearly, contextualise it, and emphasise its significance to their field of study, the larger research community, or even the general public (Antony, 2022). According to Padede (2018), defining a research problem serves three purposes: It highlights the importance of the research topic. it helps the researcher in correctly defining the parameters of the investigation  by placing the problem in a specific context. It serves as a framework for future presentations of the results.

The research problem defines how the researcher will answer the question “So what?” The question “So what?” refers to a research problem that has passed the relevancy test (reliability and accuracy of a measurement procedure). Answering the “So what?” question requires the researchers to demonstrate not only that they have researched the material, but also that they have considered its significance (Sivarkuma & Szalinski, 2016).According to Sivarkuma and Szalinski (2016), research problems for business and management research could include existing business problems for which a manager requires a solution, and situations that can be viewed as opportunities for the organisation, for which the manager may not require an immediate solution. Hence, in this study, research problem is defined as a gap between the current and desired states as well as a brief and concise statement of a challenge or question, with the goal of eliciting a solution or answer.

When analysing a problematic situation, Shoket (2014) stated that an investigator should perform the following major tasks

• Gathering facts that may be relevant to the problem.
• Determining whether the facts are relevant.
• Tracing any relationship between facts that may reveal the key difficulty.
• Proposing various explanations for the source of the difficulty.
• Using observation and analysis, determine whether these explanations are relevant to the problem.
• Tracing the relationship between explanations that may provide insight into the problem.

Types of Research Problem

There are three types of research problems: Exploratory (relates to issues that need to be studied), Relational (research questions that focus on the relationship between two or more variables), and Causal research (problems that look at cause and effect) (Walia & Chetty, 2020).

Exploratory Research Problem: This addresses questions such as ‘what is?’ with the goal of describing a specific phenomenon’s situation, state, or existence. They make an attempt to depict what already exists in a group or population.  Example, ‘What are the primary factors influencing consumer purchasing decisions?’ (Walia & Chetty, 2020).   Cross-sectional studies and longitudinal studies are used to collect data on these issues. However, data collection methods such as mail, online or offline surveys, and interviews can be used in both cases (Walia & Chetty, 2020). When conducting exploratory research, variables and hypotheses cannot be manipulated because they are usually non-directional (Hashimi, 2015).

Causal Research Problem: According to Walia and Chetty (2020), the goal of this type of research problem is to determine the extent and nature of cause and effect relationships. Such research questions help to determine the impact of various changes on existing norms and processes. As a result, they can recognise patterns in the relationships between various elements (Walia & Chetty, 2020). Experiments are the most commonly used method of gathering primary data in such cases. In this case, the hypothesis is usually directional, explaining how one factor influences the behaviour of another (Sharma, 2015). Such studies enable the researcher to manipulate the variables to his or her liking. There are two methods for collecting data for causal research: laboratory experiments and field experiments (Muhammad &Kabir, 2018).

Relational Research Problem: Based on this research problem, some kind of relationship between two variables must be investigated. The objective is to investigate the qualities or characteristics that are related in some way (Sharma, 2015). As a result, using more than one variable to describe the relationship between them is required in this type of research problem (Shoket, 2014).

The following considerations should be made when selecting a research problem type.

Identifying the concepts and terms that comprise the topic is the first step in determining the appropriate problem type, this entails determining the variables of the study (Alvesson& Sandberg, 2013). An exploratory research problem, for example, has only one variable. It is most likely relational or causal research if there are two variables (Walia & Chetty, 2020).

The second step is to conduct a literature review in order to improve the method of investigation and determine the best methods of analysis (Walliman, 2011). For instance, how much research has been done on this subject? What methods and data were used by previous researchers? What did their investigation omit? What factors did they employ? The answers to these questions will be useful in developing the best research strategy (Walia & Chetty, 2020; Padede, 2018).

The third step is to look for resources that will assist the researcher in broadening, revising, and strengthening their initial ideas. A more in-depth examination of the research will answer critical questions like, “Is a relational approach better than an investigative approach?” How will removing a few variables affect the study’s outcome? (Muhammad & Kabir, 2018; Padede, 2018).

SOURCES OF RESEARCH PROBLEMS

According to Nixon (2019), each researcher selects a problem based on his or her own needs and objectives. It is difficult, if not impossible, to identify a specific problem or issue without a frame of reference (experience, theory, group of concepts, etc.). That is, regardless of the problem or issue under consideration by the researcher, certain influences will inform how the researcher describes and explains the problem to the audience (Nixon, 2019). However, the following are some useful resources to help researchers identify a suitable and significant problem.

Empirical Deductions

This relates to research problems originated or based on observation or experience, such as:

Personal Experience: Everyday experiences of the researcher can inspire good research questions. Researchers can think critically about their personal experiences and/or frustrations with a societal, community, or neighbourhood issue (Kebritchi, 2017). This can be obtained, for example, from deliberate observations of certain relationships that have no clear explanation, or from witnessing an event that appears harmful to a person or group or that is unusual (Ezeogu, 2016).

Interviewing Practitioners: Discussions with practitioners and experts in the field, such as teachers, social workers, health care providers, and so on, provide an opportunity to identify practical, “real world” problems that might have been understudied or ignored within academic circles (Ellis &Yair, 2018). This approach also provides some practical knowledge that may be useful in the process of designing and conducting a study (Ellis &Yair, 2018).

Intuition: Traditionally, intuitions have been regarded as both good sources of knowledge and sources of new research problems. The reflective mind is believed to be a good source of ideas for developing an interesting research problem (Shama, 2015).

Exposure to Field Situations: Researchers gain a wide range of experience during field exposure, which can provide a wealth of ideas for developing research problems (Antony, 2019).

Current events reported in the media : A phenomenon may be noticed in a specific society or community before it is recognised by the media. Thus, prospective researchers must keep an eye out for events, activities, or innovations that are becoming popular in practise or are being reported in popular media (Nixon, 2019). Those things could be the next big ‘thing’ that defines research across multiple disciplines (Nixon, 2019).

Organisational Stakeholders : Clients, suppliers, and other partners within an organisation may express needs that do not have an obvious solution. This may necessitate some research (Nixon, 2019).

Theoretical Deductions:

This refers to deductions from social philosophy or generalisations embodied in everyday life in a society with which the researcher is familiar. These deductions from human behaviour are then fitted within an empirical frame of reference through research (Muhammad &Kabir, 2018). A theory can be used to create a research problem or hypothesis that expresses the expected outcomes in specific empirical situations. A systematic investigation can be designed and carried out to determine whether empirical data confirm or reject the hypothesis and the theory (Walliman, 2011).

iii.         Conceptual Deductions:

Identifying and reading about key concepts that emerge whenever the researcher encounters perplexing issues is a good source of research problems (Muhammad &Kabir, 2018). Furthermore, a thorough review of relevant research related to the researcher’s overall area of interest can frequently lead to the selection of a research problem. This may reveal where there are still gaps in a subject’s understanding (Nixon, 2019). Research may be conducted to: fill such knowledge gaps; determine whether previous study methodologies can be adapted to solve other problems; and determine whether a similar study could be conducted in a different subject area or applied to a different study sample (i.e., different groups of people) (Sanjay, 2015). A body of knowledge should be built on the foundation of solid research findings. Authors frequently conclude their studies by mentioning implications for future research or problems that need to be addressed. This is typically based on previous research flaws, which can be a useful source of problems to investigate (Nixon, 2019

Conceptualisation of Research Problem in Management Sciences

The steps for conceptualising a research problem in management sciences identified by Nixon (2019) are illustrated below.

Fig. 1 Conceptual Model of Statement of Problem

Source:  Adopted from Nixon (2019)

Step 1:  Observation of a Puzzling Event (Undesired State)

A study can be problem- or opportunity-based (Padede, 2018). A researcher may notice changes (attitudes, feelings, and actions) in the external environment (workplace, organisation, society, family, etc.) that are difficult to explain in terms of their implications. Such changes perplex researchers because they are not desired (Nixon, 2019). A researcher attempts to better understand the problem when confronted with such perplexing events/observations by first identifying and reading about the key concepts that ‘pop up’ in relation to the issue from time to time(Awal, 2019).Second, the researcher investigates the history of the issue to determine why it is so perplexing.  A quest for conceptual clarity, on the other hand, is motivated by the researcher’s background, which influences the theories used to describe and explain the problem (Awal, 2019).

Step 2: Linking the Puzzling Event to the Problem Context

In addition to determining the background of the perplexing problem and conceptual clarity, a researcher attempts to relate the broad concepts of the issue to a specific problem situation/context (Padede, 2018). According to Daellenbach and Mc Nickle (2015), context is the sum of all factors that can or may influence or shape the problem or issue under consideration.A researcher should focus on those aspects of the problem context that affect the measure of performance directly or indirectly and over which the researcher has no immediate control when describing the problem context (Nixon, 2019).

Step 3:Critical review of literature

The researcher is first confronted with observations of a perplexing event, and then conducts an intensive and extensive review of literature to obtain a conceptual clarity, background of the issue, and problem context (Padede, 2018). The researcher should also consider whether previous research groups have attempted to solve problems related to that issue, as well as any aspects of that issue that have not been addressed (Padede, 2018).

Step 4: Explanation of the Problem

Following that, the researcher clarifies the topic, structures the problem adequately, and envisions specific propositions or hypotheses that warrant further investigation (Olayemi, 2021). This process allows for a critical analysis of the problem by employing an “old” theory that can be used to tentatively structure the problem (Olayemi, 2021).  In contrast, the “old” theory may not fully explain the problem. To validate the “old” theory, other research methods (deduction and induction) will be used (Ochara, 2019; Olayemi, 2021).

Step 5: Generation of Propositions/Hypotheses/Research Questions

When the a researcher has developed an understanding of the study’s background, conceptual clarity, and a critical review of literature, the result will be a conceptual/theoretical framework that serves as the foundation for developing  propositions, hypotheses, and research questions for the perplexing issue/problem (Nixon, 2019; Muhammad &Kabir, 2018). Part of the outcome of the critical review of literature is the selection of an “old” theory that is used to tentatively describe and explain the problem without excluding new facts that may not have been included in the “old” theory (Nixon, 2019; Indeed Editorial Team, 2021).

Considerations in Formulating a Research Problem

A few factors must be considered by the researcher when formulating a research problem for a study. The following factors will make the research process more manageable and keep the researcher motivated.

• Interest : This is the most essential criterion to consider when identifying and formulating a research problem (Mahyuddin, Nasution, &Indra, 2019). The entire research process is typically time consuming and labour intensive. If the topic chosen does not pique the researcher’s interest, it will be difficult to maintain motivation to write (Mahyuddin, Nasution, &Indra, 2019; Shoket, 2014).Before developing a research problem, researchers must ensure that they have an extent of expertise in the field. They will conduct the study using the information they gathered as well as assistance from their supervisors (Mahyuddin, Nasution, & Indra, 2019; Shoket, 2014).
• Data Availability: If the research title necessitates the collection of information (journal, reports, proceedings) before finalisation, the researcher must ensure that these materials are available and in the appropriate format (Rashid, 2022; Sharma, 2015; Shoket, 2014).
• Relevance: Researchers should always select a topic that is relevant to their interests and profession. They must ensure that their research contributes to the existing body of knowledge. Of course, this will assist them in maintaining their interest all through the study period (Mahyuddin, Nasution & Indra, 2019; Muhammad &Kabir, 2018; Rashid, 2022).
• Ethics: When developing a research problem, researchers should consider some ethical issues. It is critical to follow ethical guidelines when developing a research problem in order to establish the research’s validity (Rashid, 2022; Akhtar, 2014).

Evaluation of Research Problems 

After identifying and formulating a potential research problem, the researcher must evaluate it to ensure that it is suitable for research. A research problem is considered appropriate if it is supported by the literature, significant, timely, novel, specific, and researchable. Stronger research problems are more likely to be published, presented, and successfully applied (Kebritchi, 2017).

• Supported by the Literature: The research problem should be topical and backed up by several current peer-reviewed studies (Kebritchi, 2017). Regardless of whether the identified problem is based on a single journal article or dissertation recommendation, the researcher must carry out a literature search to make sure that it has been confirmed by other researchers, as well as additional research to address the problem (Awal, 2021; Kebritchi, 2017; Akhtar, 2014).
• Significant: The research problem should be beneficial to the field. The impact can be both practical and conceptual, with the work advancing the field by filling a knowledge gap (Kebritchi, 2017).
• Timely: The research problem ought to be pertinent to present-day field needs and well suited to the current state of the field’s issues (Ezeogu, 2016). Examine the subjects covered in current field journals. Examine requests from appropriate disciplinary organisations. Examine the research agenda’s centre and focus areas. Identifying a current issue in the field and supporting it with recent literature can help to justify the problem’s timeliness (Ezeogu, 2016).
• Novel: The research problem should be unique and original. Its goal should be to fill a knowledge or application gap (Nixon, 2019). A comprehensive review of the literature can help the researcher determine whether the problem has previously been solved with a specific sample and/or context (Kebritchi, 2017). Speaking with subject matter experts can shed light on a problem (Ezeogu, 2016). The replication of an existing study warrants further discussion of value, but novelty can be found in determining whether an already-solved problem holds true in a new sample and/or context (Mahyuddin, Nasution, &Indra, 2019; Shoket, 2014; Kebritchi, 2017).
• Specific and Clear: The research problem should be specific enough to guide the study, pose research questions, and select the best research method and design. Vague research problems may be ineffective in terms of defining the scope of the study or developing research questions (McCombes, 2021; Shoket, 2014; Kebritchi, 2017).
• Researchable: To solve research problems, the scientific method is used. This means that research-ability, or the feasibility of the problem, is likewise as important as all other characteristics (McCombes, 2021). The researcher should be able to solve the problem using his or her abilities as well as the available research methods, designs, research sites, resources, and timeframe. If a research problem possesses all of the characteristics listed above but is not researchable, it may not be an appropriate research problem (Amar, 2017).

Research Problem Statement

Following the identification of the research problem for a project, researchers must write a problem statement, which is the cornerstone of management sciences research and any other research  (Miles, 2019; McCombes, 2021).A problem statement is primarily a statement of a problem in a field that has been documented, verified, and supported by literature and is having an adverse or negative impact on some elements of the field (Ellis &Yair, 2018). The goal of research is for the researcher to look at a problem and potentially come up with a solution or some kind of innovation that will either solve or reduce the problem and benefit those in that field (Mahyuddin, Nasution & Indra, 2019). A problem statement is a concise description or overview of the problem or problems that a project intends to address. The problem statement specifies the current state, the desired future state, and any gaps that exist (Mahyuddin et al., 2019). A problem statement is a useful communication tool that serves to make sure everyone involved in a project comprehends the problem and why the project is essential (Muhammad &Kabir, 2018).

Writing a problem statement in management science research can assist researchers in contextualising and comprehending the significance of the research problem (Muhammad &Kabir, 2018). A problem statement can be a number of paragraphs long and be used as the foundation for a research proposal, or it may be summed up in a few sentences in the introduction section of the paper or thesis (Mc Combes, 2021). The problem statement will vary based on if the researcher deals with a practical real-world issue or a theoretical scientific issue. However, all problem statements follow the same procedure (Kirsten, 2016).

A problem statement’s purpose includes the following as highlighted by Mc Combes (2021):

• Put the issue into context (what is already known?)
• Describe the specific issue that the research will address (what information is required to be known?)
• Demonstrate the problem’s relevance (why is it important to know about it?)
• Set the research objectives (what will be done to find out?)
• Provides a framework for reporting the findings, indicating what is likely to be required to conduct the study and explaining how the findings will present this information.

Characteristics of Problem Statement

• Some characteristics of problem statement as highlighted by (Kirsten, 2016) includes:
• Clarity and precision (a well-written statement avoids broad generalisations and irresponsible assertions).
• Identifying what will be studied while steering clear of the use of value-laden words and terms.
• Identifying an overarching question as well as key factors or variables.
• Identifying key concepts and terms.
• Articulation of the study’s boundaries or parameters.
• It is limited in scope, but it does have some generalisability in terms of applicability and bringing results into general use.
• Communication of the study’s importance, benefits, and justification (irrespective of the type of research, it is critical to address the “so what” question by demonstrating that the research is not trivial).
• It is unique and has not been addressed previously (for example, it addresses a different research question or is applied in a novel way).
• Can be found in the literature. It must be significant, as demonstrated by the literature.
• It is neither the researcher’s opinion nor a problem that the researcher believes exists, but it should have an adverse effect on some aspect of their field.

Parts of a Problem Statement

Kirsten (2016) identified two major parts of problem statement, which are as follows:

The General Problem: This is essentially a general problem statement that serves as the introduction to the problem statement. It helps to set the tone for the gravity of the situation. It is necessary as a foundation for gaining a better understanding of the specific problem (This is essentially a general problem statement that serves as the introduction to the problem statement. It helps to set the tone for the gravity of the situation. It is necessary as a foundation for gaining a better understanding of the specific problem (Kirsten, 2016; Amar, 2017).The general problem comes before the specific problem in the problem statement (Kirsten, 2016). The researcher should describe the general problem that the study will address based on defined needs or gaps in the literature when writing the problem statement (Miles, 2019).

The Specific (Localised) Problem /Gap : Kirsten (2016) defines this as the specific issues that the researcher wishes to address. It reveals how a general problem affects a specific organisation or population, allowing the researcher to aid in the research (Kirsten, 2016). The researcher must spell out the specific problem(s) in a problem statement, citing sources to prove that it is a problem (Miles, 2019). The researcher must specify the scope of the problem, including where and for whom the problem will be researched, as well as the public who will be affected if the problem is not solved or who will benefit if it is solved. Furthermore, how the problem is related to business (Kirsten, 2016).

Flow of Ideas in a Problem Statement in a Research Paper

Fischler (2019) highlighted the following model of idea flow in a problem statement in a research paper or thesis.

Fig 2. Flow of Ideas in the Problem Statement

Source: Adopted from Fischler (2019)

• The Topic: This is a synopsis of the proposed research area. It must contain at least two sentences (Fischler, 2019).
• The General Problem: This is a point of contention, concern, or conflict (a gap between what is desired and what is observed). It ought to incorporate the most pertinent reference to back up the claim(Kirsten, 2016; Fischler, 2019).
• Background and Justification : The evidence and relevance from the literature and published or archival data demonstrating the existence of the problem. At least two references should be included. Researchers should also have a theoretical basis for their research(Kirsten, 2016; Fischler, 2019).
• Deficiencies in the Evidence/Gap/ localised problem : It should include a brief discussion of the area of need (in relation to the overall problem) and the lack of evidence in the literature (Mc Combes, 2021; Kirsten, 2016; Fischler, 2019).
• Audience: It must address who is affected and who benefits (Fischler, 2019).
• Purpose of the Study: Make a sentence that begins, “The purpose of this study is…” The researcher must clearly identify and define the study’s central concepts or ideas (Fischler, 2019).

Identifying the research problem, is the issue being addressed in this study, it is the first and most important step in undertaking a research. A research problem is derived from a topic, or the broad subject matter addressed in a study. Given that a topic is chosen based on factors such as interests, expertise, relevance, data availability, manageability, contribution to literature, and ethics, the research problem is assumed to meet these criteria. The presence of these factors may indicate that the problem can and should be investigated. This article discussed the issue with identification of research problem for novice and burgeoning researchers. It discussed the sources and types of research problem. The article provided a conceptual models and tools for helping researchers with formulating the research problem as well as criteria for evaluating the research problem. This article contributes to the research method literature by emphasising the significance of research problem identification and the critical factors.

It also discussed the research problem statement, which is succinctly stated in one or more concise paragraph but not exceeds one page by including five elements.  The five elements includes the topic, research problem, justification for research problem, deficiencies in the evidence/ gap, relating discussions to audience, and purpose.  The study in addition provided a conceptual model for the flow of ideas in the research problem statement. The development of the problem statement is an integral part of the research endeavor. Possibly future studies in research methods and strategies could provide further development on problem statement in research.

RECOMMENDATIONS

The following recommendations are made based on the findings of the study.

• Researchers should identify and formulate appropriate research problem with the aid of the model of the study because the research problem is the foundation for all types of research.
• Researchers should be more cognizant of research problem identification and appropriate methods for developing a problem statement by publishing articles on the subject in peer-reviewed journals.
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Management Research Paper Topics

The field of management is an extremely broad discipline that draws upon concepts and ideas from the physical and social sciences, particularly mathematics, philosophy, sociology, and psychology. Within business, the field of management includes research paper topics and ideas also common to marketing, economics, finance, insurance, transportation, accounting, computer technologies, information systems, engineering, and business law.

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Get 10% off with 24start discount code, 300 management research paper topics, corporate planning and strategic management.

Aggregate Planning B2B B2E Management Barriers to Entry Best Practices Brainstorming Business Plan Capacity Planning Content Management System Decision Rules and Decision Analysis Decision Support Systems Diversification Strategy Divestment Downsizing and Rightsizing Economies of Scale and Economies of Scope Environmentalism and Sustainability Exit Strategy Exporting and Importing Franchising Free Trade Agreements and Trading Blocs Futuring Gap Analysis Generic Competitive Strategies Globalization Goals and Goal Setting Group Decision Making Knowledge-Based View of the Firm Location Strategy Long Tail Macroenvironmental Forces Make-or-Buy Decisions Manufacturing Resources Planning Market Share Mergers and Acquisitions Miles and Snow Typology Multiple-Criteria Decision Making New Product Development Open and Closed Systems Operations Strategy Opportunity Cost Order-Winning and Order-Qualifying Criteria Porter’s Five Forces Model Product Life Cycle and Industry Life Cycle Production Planning and Scheduling Results-Only Work Environment Strategic Integration Strategic Planning Failure Strategic Planning Tools Strategy Formulation Strategy Implementation Strategy in the Global Environment Strategy Levels SWOT Analysis Synergy Upselling Zero-Based Budgeting

EMERGING TOPICS IN MANAGEMENT

Activity-Based Costing Affirmative Action Angel Investors and Venture Capitalists Artificial Intelligence Assessment Centers B2B B2E Management Balanced Scorecard Bar Coding and Radio Frequency Identification Business Process Reengineering Cafeteria Plan—Flexible Benefits Cellular Manufacturing Chaos Theory Coalition Building Communities of Interest/Communities of Practice Complexity Theory Concurrent Engineering and Design Consulting Contingency Approach to Management Continuing Education and Lifelong Learning Trends Corporate Governance Corporate Social Responsibility Customer Relationship Management Decision Support Systems Diversity Electronic Commerce Electronic Data Interchange and Electronic Funds Transfer Empowerment Enterprise Resource Planning Entrepreneurship Environmentalism and Sustainability Ethics Expatriates Expert Systems Five S Framework Flexible Spending Accounts Futuring Handheld Computers Health Savings Accounts Human Resource Information Systems Innovation Instant Messaging Intellectual Property Rights Intrapreneurship Knowledge-Based View of the Firm Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Metadata or Meta-Analysis Mobile Commerce Multiple-Criteria Decision Making Non-Compete Agreements Outsourcing and Offshoring Paradigm Shift Popular Press Management Books Quality of Work Life Results-Only Work Environment Robotics Social Networking Spirituality in Leadership Succession Planning Telecommunications Vendor Rating Virtual Corporations Women and Minorities in Management

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Angel Investors and Venture Capitalists Balance Sheets Brainstorming Break-Even Point Budgeting Business Plan Business Structure Cafeteria Plan—Flexible Benefits Case Method of Analysis Cash Flow Analysis and Statements Competitive Advantage Consumer Behavior Cost Accounting Customer Relationship Management Diversification Strategy Domestic Management Societies and Associations Due Diligence Economics Economies of Scale and Economies of Scope Effectiveness and Efficiency Financial Issues for Managers Financial Ratios First-Mover Advantage Futuring Gap Analysis Generic Competitive Strategies Income Statements Initial Public Offering Innovation Intellectual Property Rights International Business International Management Societies and Associations Intrapreneurship Inventory Management Joint Ventures and Strategic Alliances Knowledge Management Knowledge Workers Leveraged Buyouts Licensing and Licensing Agreements Location Strategy Macroenvironmental Forces Make-or-Buy Decisions Market Share Marketing Concept and Philosophy Marketing Research Miles and Snow Typology Mission and Vision Statements New Product Development Non-Compete Agreements Organizational Development Outsourcing and Offshoring Patents and Trademarks Planning Poison Pill Strategies Popular Press Management Books Porter’s Five Forces Model Pricing Policy and Strategy Problem Solving Process Management Product Design Product Life Cycle and Industry Life Cycle Profit Sharing Research Methods and Processes Scenario Planning Securities and Exchange Commission Shareholders Stakeholders Strategic Planning Tools Strategy Levels Succession Planning SWOT Analysis Synergy Technology Transfer Value Creation Venture Capital Virtual Organizations

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND ACCOUNTING

Activity-Based Costing Angel Investors and Venture Capitalists Balance Sheets Balanced Scorecard Break-Even Point Budgeting Capacity Planning Cash Flow Analysis and Statements Corporate Social Responsibility Cost Accounting Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis Debt vs. Equity Financing Domestic Management Societies and Associations Due Diligence Economics Electronic Data Interchange and Electronic Funds Transfer Employee Benefits Employee Compensation Executive Compensation Exit Strategy Financial Issues for Managers Financial Ratios Flexible Spending Accounts Health Savings Accounts Income Statements Initial Public Offering Insider Trading Internal Auditing International Management Societies and Associations International Monetary Fund Inventory Types Leveraged Buyouts Licensing and Licensing Agreements Long Tail Make-or-Buy Decisions Management Control Nonprofit Organizations Opportunity Cost Patents and Trademarks Profit Sharing Purchasing and Procurement Risk Management Securities and Exchange Commission Stakeholders Succession Planning Venture Capital Zero-Based Budgeting

GENERAL MANAGEMENT TOPICS

Aggregate Planning The Art and Science of Management Autonomy B2B B2E Management Balanced Scorecard Barriers to Entry Best Practices Black Friday Brainstorming Budgeting Business Plan Business Structure Communication Competitive Advantage Competitive Intelligence Contingency Approach to Management Continuous Improvement Corporate Governance Corporate Social Responsibility Delegation Disaster Recovery Diversity Divestment Downsizing and Rightsizing Economics Effectiveness and Efficiency Electronic Commerce Empowerment Financial Issues for Managers Financial Ratios Forecasting Generic Competitive Strategies Globalization Goals and Goal Setting Human Resource Management Innovation International Management Knowledge-Based View of the Firm Knowledge Management Leadership Styles and Bases of Power Leadership Theories and Studies Line-and-Staff Organizations Logistics and Transportation Management Control Management Functions Management Information Systems Management Science Management Styles Management Thought Managing Change Mission and Vision Statements Motivation and Motivation Theory Operations Management Organization Theory Organizational Analysis and Planning Organizational Behavior Organizational Chart Organizational Culture Organizational Learning Organizational Structure Organizational Development Organizing Paradigm Shift Participative Management Patents and Trademarks Paternalism Pioneers of Management Planning Process Management Quality and Total Quality Management Request for Proposal/Quotation Social Networking Strategic Integration Strategy Formulation Strategy Implementation Strategy in the Global Environment Strategy Levels Subject Matter Expert Succession Planning Training Delivery Methods Trends in Organizational Change

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Affirmative Action Artificial Intelligence Assessment Centers Autonomy Nonverbal Communication Brainstorming Cafeteria Plan—Flexible Benefits Coalition Building Communication Continuing Education and Lifelong Learning Trends Discrimination Diversity Downsizing and Rightsizing Electronic Data Interchange and Electronic Funds Transfer Employee Assistance Programs Employee Benefits Employee Compensation Employee Evaluation and Performance Appraisals Employee Handbook and Orientation Employee Recruitment Employee Screening and Selection Employment Law and Compliance Empowerment Executive Compensation Flexible Spending Accounts Group Dynamics Health Savings Accounts Human Resource Information Systems Human Resource Management Japanese Management Job Analysis Knowledge-Based View of the Firm Knowledge Workers Mentoring Morale Motivation and Motivation Theory Nepotism Non-Compete Agreements Organizational Behavior Organizational Chart Organizational Culture Performance Measurement Personality and Personality Tests Privacy, Privacy Laws, and Workplace Privacy Quality of Work Life Reinforcement Theory Results-Only Work Environment Safety in the Workplace Scalable or JIT Workforce Sensitivity Training Social Networking Stress Succession Planning Sweatshops Task Analysis Teams and Teamwork Theory X and Theory Y Theory Z Time Management Training Delivery Methods Virtual Organizations Women and Minorities in Management

INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY

Artificial Intelligence Bandwidth Bar Coding and Radio Frequency Identification Communication Competitive Intelligence Complexity Theory Computer Networks Computer Security Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Content Management System Data Processing and Data Management Decision Rules and Decision Analysis Decision Support Systems Delegation Electronic Commerce Electronic Data Interchange and Electronic Funds Transfer Environmentalism and Sustainability Experience and Learning Curves Expert Systems Forecasting Fuzzy Logic Handheld Computers Information Assurance Innovation The Internet Knowledge Centers Knowledge Management Knowledge Workers Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Management Information Systems Manufacturing Control via the Internet Metadata or Meta-Analysis Mobile Commerce Nanotechnology Product Design Project Management Robotics Service-Oriented Architecture Technology Management Technology Transfer Telecommunications Virtual Corporations Virtual Organizations Web 2.0 WiMax

INTERNATIONAL AND GLOBAL MANAGEMENT

B2B Competitive Advantage Diversity European Union Expatriates Exporting and Importing First-Mover Advantage Franchising Free TradeAgreements and Trading Blocs Futuring Globalization International Business International Management International Management Societies and Associations International Monetary Fund International Organization for Standards Japanese Management Licensing and Licensing Agreements Location Strategy Macroenvironmental Forces Outsourcing and Offshoring Patents and Trademarks Popular Press Management Books Profit Sharing Strategy in the Global Environment Sweatshops Transnational Organization Value-Added Tax Vendor Rating Virtual Organizations World-Class Manufacturer

LEADERSHIP RESEARCH TOPICS

The Art and Science of Management Assessment Centers Best Practices Communication Contingency Approach to Management Corporate Governance Corporate Social Responsibility Delegation Domestic Management Societies and Associations Entrepreneurship Executive Compensation Expert Systems Goals and Goal Setting Human Resource Management International Management Societies and Associations Japanese Management Job Analysis Joint Ventures and Strategic Alliances Knowledge Management Knowledge Workers Leadership Styles and Bases of Power Leadership Theories and Studies Line-and-Staff Organizations Management and Executive Development Management Functions Management Levels Management Styles Management Thought Managing Change Mechanistic Organizations Mentoring Mission and Vision Statements Morale Motivation and Motivation Theory Open and Closed Systems Operant Conditioning Organizational Culture Paradigm Shift Participative Management Personality and Personality Tests Pioneers of Management Problem Solving Reinforcement Theory Sensitivity Training Span of Control Spirituality in Leadership Strategy Formulation Succession Planning Teams and Teamwork Theory X and Theory Y Theory Z Women and Minorities in Management

LEGAL ISSUES

Affirmative Action Cafeteria Plan—Flexible Benefits Computer Networks Computer Security Corporate Governance Corporate Social Responsibility Discrimination Diversity Downsizing and Rightsizing Due Diligence Electronic Data Interchange and Electronic Funds Transfer Employee Assistance Programs Employee Benefits Employee Compensation Employee Evaluation and Performance Appraisals Employee Recruitment Employee Screening and Selection Employment Law and Compliance Ethics Executive Compensation Human Resource Management Insider Trading Intellectual Property Rights Job Analysis Leveraged Buyouts Management Audit Management Control Mergers and Acquisitions Nepotism Non-Compete Agreements Patents and Trademarks Personality and Personality Tests Privacy, Privacy Laws, and Workplace Privacy Quality of Work Life Risk Management Safety in the Workplace Stress Succession Planning Sunshine Laws Sweatshops Technology Transfer Whistle Blower Women and Minorities in Management

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Balanced Scorecard Bandwidth Bar Coding and Radio Frequency Identification Barriers to Entry Complexity Theory Computer Networks Computer Security Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Content Management System Data Processing and Data Management Decision Rules and Decision Analysis Decision Support Systems Distribution and Distribution Requirements Planning Electronic Commerce Electronic Data Interchange and Electronic Funds Transfer Service-Oriented Architecture Statistical Process Control and Six Sigma Systems Design, Development, and Implementation Technology Management Technology Transfer

MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND OPERATIONS RESEARCH

Bar Coding and Radio Frequency Identification Business Process Reengineering Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Concurrent Engineering and Design Decision Rules and Decision Analysis Decision Support Systems Distribution and Distribution Requirements Planning Expert Systems Location Strategy Logistics and Transportation Maintenance Make-or-Buy Decisions Manufacturing Resources Planning Models and Modeling Multiple-Criteria Decision Making New Product Development Operating System Operations Management Operations Scheduling Operations Strategy Product Design Production Planning and Scheduling Productivity Concepts and Measures Product-Process Matrix Project Management Purchasing and Procurement Quality and Total Quality Management Research Methods and Processes Reverse Supply Chain Logistics Scenario Planning Service Operations Service Process Matrix Simulation Statistical Process Control and Six Sigma Statistics Subject Matter Expert Systems Analysis Systems Design, Development, and Implementation Technology Transfer Warehousing and Warehouse Management World-Class Manufacturer

PERFORMANCE MEASURES AND ASSESSMENT

Activity-Based Costing Balance Sheets Balanced Scorecard Benchmarking Best Practices Break-Even Point Budgeting Cash Flow Analysis and Statements Continuous Improvement Cost Accounting Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis Cycle Time Debt vs. Equity Financing Due Diligence Effectiveness and Efficiency Executive Compensation Financial Issues for Managers Financial Ratios Forecasting Gap Analysis Goals and Goal Setting Management Audit Management Control Management Information Systems Market Share Multiple-Criteria Decision Making Nepotism Order-Winning and Order-Qualifying Criteria Performance Measurement Pricing Policy and Strategy Profit Sharing Simulation Stakeholders Value Analysis Value Chain Management Value Creation Vendor Rating Zero-Based Budgeting Zero Sum Game

PERSONAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGERS

The Art and Science of Management Brainstorming Coalition Building Communication Consulting Contingency Approach to Management Continuing Education and Lifelong Learning Trends Continuous Improvement Customer Relationship Management Delegation Diversity Employee Assistance Programs Empowerment Entrepreneurship Facilitator Feedback Goals and Goal Setting Group Dynamics Intrapreneurship Knowledge Workers Leadership Styles and Bases of Power Managing Change Mentoring Morale Motivation and Motivation Theory Multimedia Organizing Participative Management Personality and Personality Tests Planning Popular Press Management Books Problem Solving Profit Sharing Safety in the Workplace Sensitivity Training Spirituality in Leadership Strategic Planning Tools Stress Succession Planning SWOT Analysis Teams and Teamwork Time Management Trends in Organizational Change Value Creation

PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

Activity-Based Costing Aggregate Planning Bar Coding and Radio Frequency Identification Benchmarking Break-Even Point Business Process Reengineering Cellular Manufacturing Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Concurrent Engineering and Design Continuous Improvement Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis Decision Rules and Decision Analysis Decision Support Systems Distribution and Distribution Requirements Planning Domestic Management Societies and Associations Five S Framework Flexible Manufacturing Forecasting Industrial Relations International Management Societies and Associations Inventory Management Inventory Types Japanese Management Layout Lean Manufacturing and Just-in-Time Production Location Strategy Logistics and Transportation Long Tail Maintenance Make-or-Buy Decisions Management Awards Manufacturing Control via the Internet Manufacturing Resources Planning Market Share New Product Development Operations Management Operations Scheduling Operations Strategy Order-Winning and Order-Qualifying Criteria Outsourcing and Offshoring Participative Management Poka-Yoke Popular Press Management Books Porter’s Five Forces Model Production Planning and Scheduling Productivity Concepts and Measures Product-Process Matrix Project Management Purchasing and Procurement Quality Gurus Quality and Total Quality Management Reverse Supply Chain Logistics Robotics Safety in the Workplace Scalable or JIT Workforce Service Factory Service Industry Service Operations Service Process Matrix Simulation Statistical Process Control and Six Sigma Statistics Strategic Integration Supply Chain Management Synergy Teams and Teamwork Technology Management Technology Transfer Theory of Constraints Time-Based Competition Upselling Warehousing and Warehouse Management World-Class Manufacturer

QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

Communication Customer Relationship Management Domestic Management Societies and Associations Five S Framework Gap Analysis Goals and Goal Setting Innovation International Management Societies and Associations Japanese Management Management Awards Manufacturing Resources Planning Marketing Research Operations Strategy Opportunity Cost Order-Winning and Order-Qualifying Criteria Outsourcing and Offshoring Participative Management Popular Press Management Books Productivity Concepts and Measures Quality Gurus Quality and Total Quality Management Quality of Work Life Statistical Process Control and Six Sigma Strategic Planning Tools Teams and Teamwork Value Analysis Value Creation Vendor Rating World-Class Manufacturer

SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

Activity-Based Costing Business Process Reengineering Capacity Planning Cellular Manufacturing Coalition Building Communication Competitive Advantage Competitive Intelligence Computer Networks Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Conflict Management and Negotiation Customer Relationship Management Cycle Time Decision Support Systems Distribution and Distribution Requirements Planning Economies of Scale and Economies of Scope Effectiveness and Efficiency Electronic Commerce Electronic Data Interchange and Electronic Funds Transfer Enterprise Resource Planning Expert Systems Fulfillment Group Dynamics Industrial Relations Inventory Management Inventory Types Joint Ventures and Strategic Alliances Lean Manufacturing and Just-in-Time Production Location Strategy Logistics and Transportation Long Tail Make-or-Buy Decisions Manufacturing Resources Planning Market Share Multiple-Criteria Decision Making New Product Development Operations Management Operations Scheduling Operations Strategy Organic Organizations Organizing Poka-Yoke Problem Solving Process Management Product Design Product Life Cycle and Industry Life Cycle Production Planning and Scheduling Productivity Concepts and Measures Product-Process Matrix Purchasing and Procurement Quality and Total Quality Management Reverse Auction Reverse Supply Chain Logistics Risk Management Span of Control Stakeholders Teams and Teamwork Vendor Rating Warehousing and Warehouse Management

TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

Artificial Intelligence Assessment Centers Autonomy Concurrent Engineering and Design Conflict Management and Negotiation Consulting Contingency Approach to Management Continuing Education and Lifelong Learning Trends Continuous Improvement Corporate Social Responsibility Delegation Domestic Management Societies and Associations Downsizing and Rightsizing Employee Evaluation and Performance Appraisals Employee Handbook and Orientation Goals and Goal Setting Group Decision Making Human Resource Management Innovation Instant Messaging International Management Societies and Associations Job Analysis Knowledge Management Knowledge Workers Management and Executive Development Management Audit Marketing Communication Mission and Vision Statements Morale Motivation and Motivation Theory Multimedia Multiple-Criteria Decision Making Organizational Culture Organizational Learning Organizing Participative Management Personality and Personality Tests Popular Press Management Books Problem Solving Project Management Safety in the Workplace Sensitivity Training Simulation Stress Succession Planning SWOT Analysis Teams and Teamwork Training Delivery Methods Virtual Organizations Women and Minorities in Management

Management has applications in a wide variety of settings and is not limited to business domains. Management tools, as well as the art and science of management, find applications wherever any effort must be planned, organized, or controlled on a significant scale. This includes applications in government, the cultural arts, sports, the military, medicine, education, scientific research, religion, not-for-profit agencies, and in the wide variety of for-profit pursuits of service and manufacturing. Management takes appropriate advantage of technical developments in all the fields it serves.

The growth of the discipline of management has also led to specialization or compartmentalization of the field. These specialties of management make learning and study easier, but at the same time make broad understanding of management more difficult. It is particularly challenging to the entrepreneur and the small business owner to master the subject areas, yet this group is compelled to excel at all management functions to further their business’s success. Management specialties have grown to such an extent it is difficult for any single manager to fully know what management is all about. So rapid have been the strides in recent years in such subjects as decision making, technology, the behavioral sciences, management information systems, and the like, to say nothing of proliferating legislative and governmental regulations affecting business, that constant study and education is required of all managers just to keep current on the latest trends and techniques. Thus, managers and executives need a comprehensive management online reference source to keep up-to-date. Having the management essays and research papers in one comprehensive site saves valuable research time in locating the information.

In the growing age of specialists, there is a growing lack of generalists. Typically, a business manager spends a large percentage of their career developing a great familiarity and proficiency in a specialized field, such as sales, production, shipping, or accounting. The manager develops a very specialized knowledge in this area but may develop only a peripheral knowledge of advances in other areas of management. Yet as these individuals are promoted from a specialist-type position up the organizational chart to a more administrative or generalist supervisory or leadership position, the person with newly enlarged responsibilities suddenly finds that their horizon must extend beyond the given specialty. It must now include more than just a once-superficial understanding of all aspects of managing, including purchasing, manufacturing, advertising and selling, international management, quantitative techniques, human resources management, public relations, research and development, strategic planning, and management information systems. The need for broader management understanding and comprehension continues to increase as individuals are promoted.

This site has as its goal to bridge this gap in understanding and to offer every executive, executive-aspirant, management consultant, and educator and student of management, both comprehensive and authoritative information on all the theories, concepts, and techniques that directly impact the job of management. This reference source strives to make specialists aware of the other functional areas of the management discipline and to give the top manager or administrator who occupies the general manager position new insights into the work of the specialists whom he or she must manage or draw upon in the successful management of others. In addition, this site proposes to make all practitioners aware of the advances in management science and in the behavioral sciences. These disciplines touch upon all areas of specialization because they concern the pervasive problems of decision-making and interpersonal relations.

Every effort has been made to achieve comprehensiveness in choice and coverage of subject matter. The essays provided frequently go far beyond mere definitions and referrals to other sources. They are in-depth treatments, discussing background, subject areas, current applications, and schools of thought. In addition, information may be provided about the kinds of specialists who use the term in a given organization, the degree of current acceptance, and the possibilities for the future as the subject undergoes further development and refinement. Longer essays frequently provide charts, graphs, or examples to aid in understanding the topic.

Browse More Management Research Paper Topics:

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Management Science Research Journal

About the Journal

The  Journal of Management Science Research (MSR)  is committed to publishing empirical and theoretical research articles, that have a high impact on the management field as a whole. The journal encourages new ideas or new perspectives on existing research. The journal covers such areas as:

• Business / Management
• Organizational behaviours
• Human resource management
• Organizational theory
• Entrepreneurship
• Accounting or Finance

Review Issues are published on February, May, June, and October. These issues include widely read and widely cited collections of articles in the field of management and have become a major resource for management research. The Review Issues cover a broad range of topics from a wide range of academic disciplines, methodologies, and theoretical paradigms.

DOI Prefix :  https://dx.doi.org/10.56548/msr

Current Issue

ARRANGEMENTS OF REGIONAL TAXES AND POST REGIONAL LEVIES APPLICATION OF LAW NUMBER 1 OF 2022 CONCERNING FINANCIAL RELATIONS BETWEEN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT

THE EFFECT OF E-FILLING IMPLEMENTATION, TAX KNOWLEDGE AND THE ROLE OF ACCOUNT REPRESENTATIVES ON INDIVIDUAL TAXPAYER COMPLIANCE AT THE CILEGON PRATAMA TAX OFFICE SERVICE (KPP PRATAMA CILEGON)

Analysis of the effectiveness of the procedure for applying motor vehicle tax mutations between districts and cities at banten provinces in samsat pandeglang, the influence of firm size and profitability on firm value with profit growth as a mediation empirical study of food and beverage subsector companies listed on the indonesian stock exchange in the 2017-2021 period, invesment desire : the utilization technology challenges and the individual personal perception, the effect of earning per share (eps) and return on equity (roe) on stock prices with inflation as moderating variable (study on financing institutions listed on the indonesian stock exchange 2012-2021 period), the influence of government regulation number 23 of 2018, tax knowledge and use of annual e-spt on individual micro small and medium enterprises (msme) taxpayer compliance in 2018-2020 at kpp pratama tigaraksa, the importance of effective hr planning in optimizing organizational performance, the effect of leverage on profitability with activity ratio as an intervening variable in property and real estate companies listed on the idx 2017 - 2021 period, productivity of vannamei shrimp litopenaeus vannamei in intensive aquaculture system with the addition of probiotics at cv. daun prima, east java, managerial ownership as a moderation of the relationship between return on assets (roa) and price book value (pbv), optimization of water quality management on growth performance and survival rate of vannamei shrimp litopenaeus vannamei at marine science techno park, diponegoro university, impact of erp, social media, and csr on manufacturing company value during covid-19.

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Biostatistics and Data Management Support

The Stanford Maternal and Child Health Research (MCHRI) has partnered with the Quantitative Sciences Unit (QSU) in the Department of Medicine to provide comprehensive biostatistics and data management support, for research that is directly related to maternal and child health.  This resource is available to all MCHRI members and their mentees.  Projects will be reviewed for significance to maternal and child health prior to resource allocation.

If you are a MCHRI member or a mentee of a MCHRI member, submit a maternal and child health-related request directly to the QSU here:

About the Quantitative Sciences Unit

The QSU is a collaborative group of over 20 data scientists including faculty and Masters- and PhD-level staff.  QSU members collaborate with investigators by lending expertise in study design, database creation, data management, and data analysis using an interdisciplinary collaborative approach. Their expertise is available for consultation, the development of grant proposals, and implementation of funded projects.  

For questions about QSU consultations, please contact:

Mary M. Chen, MS, MBA Executive Director Stanford Maternal and Child Health Research Institute Assistant Dean, Maternal Child Health Research Phone: 650.736.9783 E-mail:  [email protected]

Mary Boulos, MPP Managing Associate Director Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine Phone: 650.498.9393 E-mail: [email protected]

"The Quantitative Sciences Unit is such an incredible resource for investigators who are in the process of submitting a research grant.  I was impressed with the level of service provided by the team member, including their thoughtful review of the project, suggestions for revisions, and guidance in creating a sophisticated statistical plan. I look forward to using this MCHRI resource many times in the future."

Michelle Kaplinski Clinical Assistant Professor, Pediatrics (Cardiology)

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Breaking news, yale professor accuses columbia prez shafik of plagiarism, ‘intellectual theft’ in resurfaced 1994 research paper.

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Embattled Columbia University president Nemat “Minouche” Shafik screwed a former underling out of credit on a research paper published 30 years ago, a Yale University professor claims.

Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak posted the bombshell allegations in a blistering thread on X early Friday, juxtaposing images of a 1992 report Shafik co-authored for World Bank with researcher Sushenjit Bandyopadhyay, along with a journal published in Oxford Economic Papers two years later in which Bandyopadhyay’s name was removed.

Mobarak, an economics and management professor at Yale, told The Post the findings and research cited in both papers are pretty much equal.

“It got rewritten, but fundamentally it’s the same paper,” he alleged.

“We can’t get in the room and [learn] what sentences did he write and what sentences she wrote, but what we do know is his contribution was sufficient to warrant co-authorship [in 1992],” he added. “What is not common is for someone to be a co-author and then suddenly their name is taken off.”

Instead, Bandyopadhyay is only “thanked” in an acknowledgement section in the back of the 1994 published journal — which screams of “power asymmetry” considering Shafik was then Bandyopadhyay’s boss, alleged Mobarak.

Bandyopadhyay declined comment when asked whether he felt slighted.

However, Mobarak, also a former World Bank consultant and University of Maryland graduate, said he spoke to Bandyopadhyay about the issue and that Bandyopadhyay believes he should have been credited as a co-author in the second paper. The professor conceded Bandyopadhyay never said anything “negative” about the Columbia president.

“This [1994] paper is lifted almost entirely from a 1992 report coauthored with consultant not credited in the publication,” wrote Mobarak on X. “This is wholesale intellectual theft, not subtle plagiarism.”

At the time both papers were written, Shafik was a vice president for World Bank and Bandyopadhyay, a consultant who also attended the University of Maryland.

Mobarak’s allegations echo plagiarism accusations leveled against former Harvard University president Claudine Gay, who eventually resigned in disgrace in January .

Columbia University spokesperson Ben Chang shot down the Yale professor’s claims, saying “this is an absurd attempt at running a well-known playbook, and it has no credibility.”

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