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Equine bone marrow MSC-derived extracellular vesicles mitigate the inflammatory effects of interleukin-1β on navicular tissues in vitro.

• Belacic, ZA

Publication

• Affiliations
• Journal Article
• Anti-inflammatory
• Bone Marrow
• Deep Digital Flexor Tendon
• Environment
• Extracellular matrix
• Glycosaminoglycan
• Growth Factors
• Navicular Bone

This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and protective effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from equine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on horse tendon and navicular bone tissue in the presence of a common inflammatory mediator.

Objectives and Methods

• To identify the different types of cytokines (a type of protein involved in cell signaling) and growth factors present in BM-EV.
• To test the potential of BM-EV to counter inflammation and protect the extracellular matrix (ECM, a network of molecules that provides physical and biochemical support to cells) in deep digital flexor tendon and navicular bone fibrocartilage tissues exposed to the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β).
• This was an experimental in vitro study, meaning it was performed in a controlled laboratory environment (as opposed to in a live organism).
• The researchers isolated BM-EV from equine BM-MSCs and analyzed their content of several cytokines and growth factors.
• Explant co-cultures (isolated cells or tissues grown together) of deep digital flexor tendon and navicular bone fibrocartilage from seven horses were treated with either BM-EVs, IL-1β, or both, and the subsequent inflammatory and structural responses were examined.
• The BM-EV samples were found to contain il-6, IGF1, and VEGF, among other factors.
• The researchers noted changes in the levels of IL-6 and MMP-3, markers of inflammation and tissue degradation, respectively, in the co-cultures treated with BM-EVs. While IL-6 levels were found to increase, MMP-3 levels were found to decrease. These alterations would suggest an anti-inflammatory response as well as a potential protection against tissue damage.
• The content of sulphated glycosaminoglycan (a type of molecule involved in building the ECM) in the treated explants was reported to be higher than in the IL-1β-only control group, suggesting that the BM-EVs could have a protective effect on the structure of the tissues.

Limits and Conclusions

• The study had several limitations, including limited sample size, the fact that the in vitro model may not accurately reflect the complex conditions inside a living organism, and the lack of a control group treated with non-MSC-derived EV.
• Despite these limitations, the authors concluded that equine BM-EVs seem to contain anti-inflammatory and growth-promoting factors and that their application mitigated inflammation and potentially protected tissue integrity in the tested explant co-cultures.
• These results suggest that BM-EVs could be a potentially useful therapy for treating inflammatory conditions in equine tendons and bones, but the authors stressed the need for further study.

Cite This Article

Researcher affiliations.

• Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
• Ballarat Veterinary Practice Equine Clinic, Miners Rest, Victoria, Australia.
• Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.

Grant Funding

• KL2TR002734 / NCATS NIH HHS
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