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100 original accounting research topics.

October 29, 2020

Accounting Research Topics

The recommended process for coming up with a research topic in any field is straightforward. 1) You should brainstorm several ideas; 2) You should choose a topic that interests you; 3) You should choose a topic that is original, and 4) You should choose a topic you know you can research and write about given any surrounding constraints. It sounds easy enough but unsurprisingly most students around the world struggle to come up with just the right topic to do their research project on.

Choosing best accounting research topics

This list of 100 accounting research topics is a great starting point. Not only is the list curated by our leading academic experts , but it also represents the latest accounting topics in the field. Have a look at our selection and see if you feel inspired to come up with some ideas of your own, or simply select a handful of accounting research topics to help you narrow down your search for the perfect project.

Simple Accounting Research Topics

  • How do financial balance sheets help keep accounts in good standing?
  • Are the current standards of accounting ideal for today’s world?
  • What is the value of live information to accountants?
  • Why do companies have such a need for up-to-date accounting software?
  • What are the biggest dilemmas in the ethics of accounting?

Great Topics for Accounting Research Papers

  • What are some of the reasons accountants lie in their books?
  • What are the greatest risks that come with software design?
  • Why should financial reporting have government regulations?
  • What is the most effective method to update accounting systems?
  • What were the reasons that Goldman Sachs was accused of fraud?

Current Accounting Topics for High School

  • Is it better to conduct manual accounting or computerized accounting?
  • As technology evolves should companies make accounting changes?
  • What are the risks one takes in using online accounting?
  • Is internet-based accounting software safe for businesses?
  • How has offshore gambling changed how we look at accounting?

Hot Topics in Accounting for High School

  • Should companies keep their methods of accounting a secret?
  • What are the latest developments in software companies should look for?
  • How does modern technology help or harm accounting?
  • What are the biggest ethical questions in regards to accounting?
  • How did best practices for accounting develop over time?

Controversial Accounting Topics for Every Level

  • How can large corporations reduce the amount of taxes they pay?
  • What are some of the ways companies avoid financial fraud?
  • Is offshore accounting safe for small businesses with limited budgets?
  • What are the current accounting best practices for small businesses?
  • How can small businesses minimize taxes legally through accounting?

Simple Accounting Research Topics for Intro Courses

  • Can the right type of software help a business cut costs?
  • Is having an accounting department only needed for big companies?
  • What advances in accounting software are the most impactful?
  • What are the historical prospects that created today’s accounting practices?
  • What are the accounting principles of managing long-term debt?

Advanced Accounting Topics for College Students

  • Is it important to report finances to gain the confidence of customers?
  • What are some of the things companies can do to make their accounts transparent?
  • What are the differences between European and Islamic banking practices?
  • Why is it necessary to use on-site training to learn accounting software?
  • What are the best accounting systems available today?

Managerial Accounting Topics for Research Paper

  • Would financial statements look the same without accounting standards?
  • What are some of the most popular perspectives of management earnings?
  • How do international markets affect managerial accounting?
  • What are the most important concepts of earnings management?
  • What risks do advanced technologies mean for the field of accounting?

Ph.D. Research Topics in Accounting and Auditing

  • How do long-term debts affect small businesses?
  • What are some of the easiest ways for accounts to rise in their companies?
  • What are the risks of collusion between accounting and an auditor?
  • What are the best finance practices for entrepreneurial internet businesses?
  • When is the right time for people to hire personal financial experts?

Ph.D. Research Topics in Accounting

  • How can accounting software be used to improve a small business’s productivity?
  • How are small businesses able to compete financially with large businesses?
  • What is the major problem with applying theory to practical accounting?
  • What are the best ways of ensuring accounting decisions are sound decisions?
  • In what ways can businesses avoid growing debt over the years?

Accounting Research Paper Topics Ideas

  • In what ways is financial accounting changing as new technologies arise?
  • In what ways does culture affect theories in accounting?
  • What does one have to do to become a certified accountant?
  • What were the causes of the 2008 global financial crisis?
  • How does one figure out the estimated tax on company earnings?

Accounting Thesis Topics for Graduate Students

  • What are the negatives of a growing number of accounting graduates around the world?
  • What influences do large corporations have on accounting theories?
  • What are the best training programs for accounting at the corporate level?
  • How safe is mobile accounting technology for personal use?
  • What kind of restraints does developing economies have on capital budgeting?

Great Accounting Presentation Topics

  • What are the major causes of financial instability among big businesses?
  • What are the biggest problems with normative theories in accounting?
  • What are the most significant changes in accounting practices in the last 20 years?
  • What does the trend of analyzing text in financial statements mean for reporting?
  • What is the relationship between CEO qualities and a company’s stock performance?

More Managerial Accounting Research Topics

  • Should small to mid-size companies have separate controlling accounts?
  • What are the most popular accounting theories used in big business?
  • In what ways are IRR, ROI, and payback effect techniques for capital budgeting?
  • Why must a manager make the accounting-related decision for planning and organizing projects?
  • What are the biggest problems of value and cost managers must face?

Forensic Accounting Research Topics

  • Can forensic accounting help reduce risks to small businesses?
  • What is the main role of a forensic accountant?
  • How is forensic accounting making the auditing process easier?
  • What are the essential skills that are necessary to enter forensic accounting?
  • How do forensic accountants conduct their investigations?

Managerial Accounting Topics for Grad Students

  • What are the fundamental differences between management accounting and financial accounting?
  • To what extent should managers play a role in account auditing?
  • How have new taxation policies affected managerial accounting?
  • Why is the quality of human resource management so important in auditing firms?
  • How does double-entry accounting affect the way managers lead organizations?

Simple Accounting Research Topics for a Short Project

  • In what ways has Covid-19 impacted the health sector in the U.S.?
  • What is meant by the term “asset-liability management”?
  • How is the retail sector affected by specialist accounting?
  • What is the importance of audits for non-profit organizations?
  • How can small businesses utilize specialized accountants to keep finance on track?

Accounting Topics for Research Paper in College

  • What factors should you consider if you intend to invest in financial markets?
  • What tax reform initiatives would help small businesses in the U.S.?
  • How is the rapid flow of data important for modern accountants?
  • How much do fraud cases rely on financial ratios?
  • How can financial ratios be used to foresee the likelihood of bankruptcy?

Great Accounting Topics for Research Papers

  • How is traditional auditing different from risk-based auditing?
  • How do fair value measurements present challenges to external audits?
  • Can high school courses in accounting lead to better financial management for young adults?
  • Will electronic bookkeeping make accountants irrelevant?
  • How do small retail businesses in the US maintain their accounts?

Accounting Topics for Research Term Papers

  • In what ways are financial disclosures in online finance programs putting users at risk?
  • What are the biggest limitations of finding a reliable accounting system for online sales?
  • What is the best method for monitoring liquid assets?
  • What are the major factors that go into a valuation for mergers and acquisitions?
  • What are the most sophisticated aspects of traditional accounting?

What did you think of our accounting research paper topics? We know it can be time-consuming and difficult to brainstorm your ideas, so we encourage you to choose a topic from the list above or check out our business research topics . If you have an assignment that requires you to write on something specific, then we can create a custom list of 5 or 10 ideas in a matter of hours. You know longer have to fret about coming up with the perfect financial accounting topics. Just contact us anytime and we will put you in touch with an academic expert who can create a list for you or help you with other parts of the assignment writing process.

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148 Accounting Essay Topics for Students

Oct 21, 2022 | 0 comments

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Oct 21, 2022 | Topics | 0 comments

Accounting is the process of recording, summarizing, and analyzing financial information. The accounting scope includes profit and loss statements, balance sheets, taxes, and other reports for evaluating a company’s performance. Accounting is critical for managers to determine past results and plan future goals for organizational success.

Choosing a topic or finding relevant ideas for students pursuing their degree in accounting can be difficult. However, many interesting accounting essay topics can help them prepare an accounting essay. Remember the hook and the thesis statement should relate to the chosen topic

Accounting Essay Topics For College/Middle School Students

  • How can a poor accounting management team destroy your business growth within a fraction of a second?
  • Can we rely on the financial manager of a company to manage the taxation system and other accounting fields?
  • How to perform a case study on accounting with the help of talented accountants?
  • With the support of the best quality accounting management software, a company’s minimum human resources can be maximized.
  • It is important to periodically review the company’s balance sheet to prevent financial problems.
  • Importance of cloud computing and data management in accounting information systems.
  • Financial conglomerates and crucial accounting standards.
  • A good accounting system is the priority of any businessman running a good business on an international and national scale.
  • Reading an accounting thesis cannot help professionals to become successful accountants without practical knowledge.
  • Accessing accounting software for small and large businesses is crucial these days.
  • Does manual accounting really fall behind digitized accounting programs?

Best Contrast Essay Topics Ideas On Accounting

  • Which type of infrastructure is best for accounting management in a particular business?
  • What major goals must be completed in accounting, not taxation and financial management?
  • How financial management differs from that of accounting in a business organization?
  • Business growth is only possible when the account manager can make useful financial decisions. Discuss
  • How to manage a company’s account to decide where to invest for the coming years based on profit.
  • Financial statements and frauds- Identification and solutions
  • How can global financial reporting standards influence earning management?
  • What is the role of a manager in account auditing?

Accounting Research Paper Questions

  • How to become a certified accountant?
  • How to avoid the growth of debt?
  • When to hire personal accountants?
  • How do cultures influence accounting theory?
  • How to make correct accounting decisions?
  • What accounting systems are the most effective for accountants?
  • What factors caused the global financial crisis of 2008?
  • How to investigate forensic accounting?
  • What are the loopholes in advanced technology for the accounting sphere?
  • How to assess tax on organizational earnings?

Interesting Accounting Research Paper Topics

  • Effective ways of tax reduction for organizations
  • Risks in the design and analysis of accounting systems
  • Effect of external factors on organizational cash flow
  • Essential skills for forensic accountancy
  • Internet-based accountancy
  • Best practices in accounting
  • Effects of financial markets on managerial accounting
  • Influence of organizations on accounting theory
  • Meaning of accounting theories for business
  • Value of rapid financial information for modern accountants
  • Ways to escape financial fraud
  • Offshore accounting
  • Modern technology in accounting
  • Issues with normative theories of accounting
  • Dilemmas of accounting ethics
  • Collusion in auditing
  • Debt management
  • Need for accounting software
  • Organizational earnings management
  • How to develop and improve accounting systems
  • Perspectives on earnings management
  • Latest developments in accounting software
  • Common organizational strategies for tax minimization
  • Historical prospects for best accounting practices
  • Ethics of Accounting
  • Problems in implementing theoretical concepts in practical accounting
  • Important details of the Goldman Sachs securities fraud case
  • Role of forensic accountants

Perfect Accounting Topics for Research Papers

  • Should Accountants Consider Bitcoin and Other Cryptocurrencies When Assessing a Client’s Net Worth?
  • Accounting, Gambling, Cryptocurrencies, and Other Forms of Loosely Regulate Income and How Accountants Should Deal With Them
  • Is It Ethical to Use a Family Member as Your Accountant?
  • Should Large Companies Be Allowed to Reduce Their Tax Overheads?
  • Do Accountants Have the Moral Obligation to Follow All of Their Client’s Instructions, Even if They Ask for Something Improper?
  • How Can a Global Economic System Moving Toward Decentralized Currencies Ensure Tax Revenue Is Protected?
  • Is the Academic World of Accounting Keeping up With the How the Industry Is Changing?
  • Should Your Accountant Have Complete Control of the Organization’s Accounts?
  • Why Do the World’s Largest Companies Avoid Paying Taxes, and How can new accounting regulations stop that?
  • What Are the Most Common Methods Large Companies Employ to Reduce Their Tax Overhead?
  • How Can the Accountancy Industry Adapt to the Shift Towards Digital Personal Accountancy Services That Threaten Monopolizing the Entire Industry?
  • Are Electronic Personal Accountancy Services an Excellent Alternative to a Trained Accountant?
  • Accounting Software and SAAS Solutions in the Modern Accounting World
  • What Are the Responsibilities of an Accountant When a Mistake Is Made?
  • As the World Is Attempting to Move to a Flat Standard Global Tax Rate, How Will This Affect Industries?
  • Should Accounting Be Made Easier and More Accessible At a Governmental Level?
  • How Should an Accountant Best Manage Volatile Assets?
  • How Much Should Accountants Charge Now That Outsourcing Is Becoming an Increasingly Popular Choice
  • What Are the Ethical Ramifications of Trying to Secure the Lowest Possible Tax Payment for Large Companies Employing Thousands of People?
  • Government Regulations and How They Influence the World of Accounting
  • Can a Company Outgrow Standard Methods of Accountancy? How Should a Firm Manage This?
  • When Should a Business Consider Getting an Accountant?
  • What Are the Best Practices for Accountants in Ensuring an Accurate Record of Finances Are Kept?
  • What Role Does Live Information Play in the Accounting Process, and How Can Live Data Provide More Accurate Results?
  • Are Standard Yield and Inflation Calculations Still Viable Today?

Simple Accounting Research Topics

  • How Accountants Use Financial Balance Sheets to Streamline Their Operations
  • Are the Current Financial Legislations Up to Date Enough For the Modern Financial World?
  • Debts, Leases, and Rent – How Small Businesses Bury Themselves Before They Even Start Working
  • What Do the 2008, 2012, and 2021 Global Financial Crises Have in Common?
  • Accounting Automation and What This Means for Accountants
  • How Companies Use Software to Improve Their Accounting
  • Do More Money, Taxes, and Transactions Mean More Trouble for Accountants?
  • Stunting Economies and Who Makes the Most Money Out of It
  • Lying and Accounting – a Match Made in Heaven or a Match That Leads to a Lengthy Prison Sentence
  • How Does Capital Budgeting Work for Businesses With Next to No Start-Out Capital
  • Finances, Accounting, and Fraud – How Accountants Wash Their Hands of White-Collar Crime
  • the Rapidly Emerging Threat of Decentralization and What It Means for the Modern Financial Framework
  • Should the Government Have Insight Into Every Megacorporation Financial and Accounting History
  • Tax Regulations for Small Businesses Vs. Tax Regulations for Larger Businesses | Why Does the Small Guy Pay More Taxes?
  • The Dangers of Outsourcing Accounting Departments to Loosely Regulated Countries.

Forensic Accounting Research Paper Topics

  • Criminal Forensics and Accounting Fraud. What Does the Government Know About Your Books
  • So You’re Being Investigated. What to Do?
  • Unraveling the Mystery Behind the Goldman Sachs Accounting Fraud Accusations
  • Mass Processing and How It Might Invalidate Accounting Reports
  • Governments and What They’re Looking for in Bad Books
  • Public Accounting and Corporate Accounting. Two Different Beasts With the Same Goals
  • The Different Methodologies Behind Exploring and Finding Out Forgeries in Accounting Reports
  • How to Conduct Yourself When You’re Representing Your Company in Court
  • The Mechanics of Money Laundering and How to Know Your Enemy as an Accountant
  • How Corruption Might Blur the Line Between Finances and Fraud
  • What Are the Skills Required for Forensic Accounting
  • Forged, Fraudulent, or Substandard – How Semantics Can Turn a Court Case Into a Prison Sentence
  • The Dangerous World of Forensic Accounting. What They Don’t Teach You in School
  • Career Options as a Forensic Accountant and How to Find a Job in the Industry
  • Forensic Accounting in Theory vs. Forensic Accounting in Practice, the Fundamental Differences Between the Two

Managerial Accounting Research Topics

  • Stolen Accounting Information and What It Means for the Financial Future of Your Company
  • Long-Term Debt vs. Short-Term Debt, Which One Works Better for Smbs
  • How Managing a Companies Finances Opens a Lot of Doors to Less-Than-Legal Activities
  • How Leading an Accounting Department Can Make or Break a Business
  • Playing the IRS | How Accounting Managers Steer Their Departments to Minimize Taxes
  • Managing an in-House Team vs. Managing an Outsourced Accounting Them | The Challenges and Benefits of Both
  • The Software That Accountants Use and Its Implication in Day-to-Day Activities
  • The Multiplication of Long-Term Debt and How to Minimize It
  • Why Companies Should Invest More Resources Into Their Accounting Departments
  • The Digital World and Whether It’s a Safer Platform for Accounting or an Unnecessary Liability Prone to Cybercrime
  • Getting Accused of Fraud and Who Gets to Flip the Bill
  • Financial Experts, Investors, and Accountants | Exploring the Relationship Between the Money Flowing in and the Ones Handling It
  • The Risks That Lead Accountants and Managers Take On When Doing Day-to-Day Accounting
  • How to Hire the Best Accountants to Be a Part of Your Accounting Department and What to Look Out for

Accounting Cause And Effect Essay Topics For Master Students

  • Accounting management varies from one arena to another, like it is different from healthcare management to business management.
  • How the equity and debt finance affect the business when we consider it on the accounting management line?
  • How can poor financial management and a lingering taxation accounting system put a business in trouble?
  • What are the effects of modern technology on the accounting system of business and other areas?
  • What are the reasons for a company’s bankruptcy due to poor financial management?

Interesting Ideas For Process Analysis Essay Topics Based On Accounting

  • What scenarios can lead to the mismanagement of the accounting system, especially that of the taxation system?
  • What are the different steps to prepare a balance sheet for the business at the end of the financial year?
  • How to solve the problem of financial crises in a given business by the account management team?
  • How to carry out a case study on business accounting by following the proper steps and process?
  • Difference between a balance sheet and a twin balance sheet prepared by the accountants.

Summary Response Essay Ideas On Accounting For College Students

  • Business accounting is not limited to controlling the taxation department; business funding is also part of the same extent.
  • How poor taxation management can bring serious troubles to a business in the business organization.
  • How does a good accounting management team invest the profit of the business in the successful growth of the business?
  • Foreign direct investment needs the best accounting management level than local business accounts management.
  • What are the major aspects that help business accountants manage their accounts perfectly?
  • Knowing business rules in foreign territories is important to manage the accounting system.

Accounting Exploratory Essay Topics

  • Why do people get in trouble regarding their accounting management role in foreign business?
  • The benefits of running a business are managing its funds from the finance market instead of giving accumulated wealth.
  • How does the stock market affect a business’s accounting policies in a split second?
  • What is the best way for business people to recover from failure, even if their business gets shut down? Hiring an experienced accounts manager is one option.
  • What could be done to save a drowning business from bankruptcy with capable accounting management tricks?
  • What are the main loopholes in accounting management in different types of businesses?

Need Help with your Accounting Essay?

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international accounting essay topics

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Ifrs Essays (Examples)

128+ documents containing “ifrs” .

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Ifrs and gaap convergence.

IFS and GAAP Convergence Briefly describe Walmart The company establishment was in 1962 by Sam Walton. The company has grown through mergers and acquisitions to become the largest retail outlet in the globe. The main business of the company is corporate retail. The retailer offers a variety of products to its customers at a lower price compared to its competition. According to Fortune 500 ratings, the corporation ranks third among the largest corporations in the globe. The selling point of the company is by ensuring that the customer can find any product in the stores at a competitive price. The company sells its products at a lower price to attract and retain customer. The company helps producers to enable them produce quality products. The company assists through funding, technical advice and promise of a ready market. The producer in turn markets their goods to the company at a discount. The company also….

Bandyopadhyay, J., & McGee, P.F. (2012). A PROGRESS REPORT: IFRS-U.S. GAAP CONVERGENCE AND ITS CURRICULUM IMPACT. Advances In Competitiveness Research, 20(1/2), 78-89.

Tyson, T. (2011). The Convergence of IFRS and U.S. GAAP. CPA Journal, 81(6), 26-31.

Bohusova, H., & Nerudova, D. (2009). U.S. GAAP AND IFRS CONVERGENCE IN THE AREA OF REVENUE RECOGNITION. Economics & Management, 12-19.

Fosbre, A.B., Kraft, E.M., & Fosbre, P.B. (2009). The Globalization of Accounting Standards: IFRS vs. U.S. GAAP. Global Journal Of Business Research, 3(1), 61-71.

IFRS U S GAAP Comparative Report the

For example, there are many SEC registered companies, and they are not all American companies. Many of them are actually headquartered in foreign countries. In the past they had to change their accounting and financial information over to GAAP requirements, but changes are allowing companies to continue to use IFS instead. Some of the U.S. based companies are also going to be allowed to use IFS in order to help foreign investors better understand how they match up with competitors from other countries (AICPA, 2008). In the next few years, all companies (U.S. And otherwise) may be using IFS (Bradshaw, et al., 2010). When addressing the disclosure levels to which companies have to adhere, IFS and GAAP are not so different. The differences generally come into play with the specifics of the issue, because there are certain documents in which specific information needs to be provided, and those documents can….

AICPA (2008). Convergence with International Accounting Standards.

American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. (2009). Where will the SEC take the IFRS roadmap? An AICPA Analysis of Comment Letters on the SEC's Proposal.

Ball R. (2006). International financial reporting standards (IFRS): pros and cons for investors. Accounting and Business Research

Bradshaw, M., et al. (2010). Response to the SEC's proposed rule - Roadmap for the potential use of financial statements prepared in accordance with international financial reporting standards (IFRS) by U.S. Issuers. Accounting Horizons, 24(1)

IFRS Adequacy or Inadequacy

IFS 8 Operating Segments was to a certain degree a ground-breaking law since it represented the first foray of the International Accounting Standards Board into the area of requiring companies and business to disclose information through their management. The regulation requires certain categories of business, especially publicly traded companies to disclose information regarding their products and services, operating segments, and geographic areas where they operate. In addition to the information being based on internal management reports, these entities should also disclose information about their major customers. This requirement has generated several concerns and contentions that have become common characteristics of the implementation of IFS 8 Operating Segments (Crawford, Extance, Helliar & Power, 2012). This has in turn resulted in the emergence of concerns on whether the requirements of this regulation can be logically criticized as inadequate. equirements of IFS As previously mentioned, IFS 8 Operating Segments requires certain categories of business, particularly….

References:

Bush, T 2007, IFRS 8: What is it Good for? Accountancy Age, viewed 26 November 2014,

Crawford, L., Extance, H., Helliar, C. & Power, D. 2012, Operating Segments: The Usefulness of IFRS 8, The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland, viewed 26 November 2014,

IFRS Human Resource Accounting the United States

IFRS Human Resource Accounting The United States has a radically different accounting system than virtually every other the countries considered. The United States has their own system known as the general accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Other countries have used this system in the past, such as the UK and Germany, but there has been an international standard that has developed over the course of the last few years and virtually every other country in the world besides the U.S. has adopted this system. However, even the U.S. has received a lot of pressure from countries such as China, who has started the conversion but has formerly prepared their financial statements in what was known as China GAAP to avoid any trade disruptions However, China has been working diligently to replace older systems such as the Chinese Accounting Standards (CAS) with the International Financial Reporting System (IFRS). It is estimated that China is roughly….

Works Cited

AICPA. (2011). International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Retrieved from AICPA IFRS:  http://www.ifrs.com/pdf/IFRSUpdate_V8.pdf 

AICPA. (2012). International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) -- an AICPA Backgrounder. Retrieved from AICPA IFRS Resources:  http://www.ifrs.com/Backgrounder_GAAP_IFRS.html 

Bullen, M., & Eyler, K. (2009). Human resource accounting and international developments: implications for measurement of human capital . Journal of International Business and Cultural Studies, 1-16.

Khairajani, D. (2012, October 12). Changing Accounting Paradigm. Retrieved from Accountancy:  http://theglobaljournals.com/gra/file.php?val=MTcw

IFRS Pension Reporting 2009 IAS 19 Is

IFRS Pension Reporting 2009 IAS 19 is the equivalent to FAS 158, but there are differences in the two standards. (Meg, 2009) Under IAS 19 the current rates of return is used on high quality corporate bonds with maturities consistent with the duration of benefit obligations, where under FAS 158, the discount rate is used at which the obligation could be effectively settled. Under IAS 19, the rate is based on current market expectations over the life of the obligation, where under FAS 158 the rate of return on the plan assets is the expected long-term rates over the life of the obligation. The cost recognized is calculated almost the same way under both standards with the exception being under FAS 106, the temporary deviations from the plan can be added or subtracted. IFRS methodology is very similar to U.S. GAAP with deferred recognition of actuarial gains and losses except past service….

Bibliography

Item 8. Fnancial Statements & Supplementary Data. (2009, Dec 31). Retrieved from The Coca Cola Company: http;//www.thecoca-colacompany.com/investors/pdfs/10-k_2009/12_Coca-Cola_Item8.pdf

Pepsi Co 2009 Annual Report. (2009, Dec 31). Retrieved from Pepsi Co:  http://www.pepsico.com/Download/PEPSICO_AR.pdf 

Epstein, B.J. (n.d.). IFRS vs. GAAP. Retrieved from Dr. Barry J. Epstein, CPA:  http://www.ifrsaccounting.com/ifrs-pensions.html 

Meg, G. (2009, May 1). U.S. GAAP Vs. IFRS: Pension Expenses. Retrieved from Yahoo Voices:  http://voices.yahoo.com/us-gaap-vs.-ifrs-pension-expenses-3192808.html?cat=3

IFRS and Transfer Pricing Certainly

For instance, a parent company that has a low level of ownership in a subsidiary may want to lower the price paid to that subsidiary to increase parent company profits. Or, if the subsidiary has a lower dividend payout, the parent may wish to pay a high price to that subsidiary to avoid larger dividend payouts at home. Further, high import tariffs at the parent's country may lead to lower prices at the exporting subsidiary in another country. Likewise, high export tariffs in the subsidiary's country may lead to lower prices as well. True, IFRS does not recognize does not directly recognize intra-group sales as direct profit generating transactions. However, indirect advantages of recognizing profits in specific countries come into play to impact profits. ibliography Fowler, D.J. (1978). Transfer prices and profit maximization in multinational enterprise operations. Journal of International usiness Studies (1978) 9, 9 -- 26. Singh, K. (2007, May 28). The….

Fowler, D.J. (1978). Transfer prices and profit maximization in multinational enterprise operations. Journal of International Business Studies (1978) 9, 9 -- 26.

Singh, K. (2007, May 28). The growing abuse of transfer pricing by TNCs.  http://www.countercurrents.org/kavaljitsingh280507.htm 

Taxes & multinational corporate strategy.  https://www.msu.edu/~butler/Ed4%2016.ppt

IFRS GAAP Convergence

Herz (2013) notes that the end of convergence will essentially bring about an era where IFS is, for the most part, the de facto standard around the world. However, the process has also compelled the IASB to be more responsive to its constituents. For Australians, involvement in ASAF signals the beginning of the final stages of convergence, where the remaining non-IFS major economies are brought into the process. Many countries with GAAP has similar principles to each other, since their systems were influenced heavily one another. The AASB (2009) notes that Australia has been in line with the EU timetable for IFS adoption. In this respect, Australia should be ahead of the United States. PWC (2013) notes that this is the case, at least for publicly-traded entities. Not-for-profits do not yet have to meet the provisions of IFS reporting, and the same is true for public sector entities. Foreign companies listing….

AASB. (2009). IFRS adoption in Australia. Australian Accounting Standards Board. Retrieved April 5, 2014 from  http://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/IFRS_adoption_in_Australia_Sept_2009.pdf 

FASB. (2014). International convergence of accounting standards -- overview. Financial Accounting Standards Board. Retrieved April 5, 2014 from  http://www.fasb.org/jsp/FASB/Page/SectionPage&cid=1176156245663 

Hail, L, Leuz, C. & Wysocki, P. (2010). Global accounting convergence and the potential adoption of IFRS by the U.S.: Conceptual underpinnings and economic analysis. Accounting Horizons. Vol. 24 (3) 355-394.

Herz, R. (2013). End of convergence brings challenges and opportunities. Compliance Week. Retrieved April 5, 2014 from  http://www.complianceweek.com/end-of-convergence-brings-challenges-and-opportunities/article/307946/

IFRS in a Speech on

However, financial reporting as a system has its limits. It cannot stabilize the world economy, save the environment and help investors understand the financial condition of a company all at once. On a theoretical level, the people guiding the development and improvement of IFRS need to take this reality into consideration. Transparency is most certainly a role of IFRS, arguably the most important one. The more difficult IFRS makes fraud, for example, the better it is. Stability, however, is not a critical role of IFRS. International financial reporting standards can and do have a direct impact on the transparency of financial statements; they have only a minor and tangential impact on the state of the global economy. hile the value they provide in terms of improving liquidity is appreciated, global economic stability is determined by a wide range of other factors, most of which have little to do with financial….

Works Cited:

Barth, Mary, Landsman, Wayne and Lang, Mark. International Accounting Standards and Accounting Quality. Journal of Accounting Research

Volume 46, Issue 3, pages 467-498, June 2008

 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2008.00287.x/full 

Bruce, R. (2011). Clarity and thought in Brussels. Deloitte.  http://www.iasplus.com/bruce/column110211.htm , accessed 28 August 2011

IFRS Transition the SEC Proposal for Transition

IFRS Transition The SEC Proposal for Transition to IFRS This essay examines the SEC's proposed ork Plan for transitioning IFRS into the U.S. Financial Reporting System. This paper presents arguments in favor of convergence because of the benefits it presents. History of Convergence Efforts The history of convergence efforts for IFRS reporting includes several milestones. In October 2002, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) issued a memorandum of understanding (MOU) known as the Norwalk Agreement. This agreement marked an important step toward formalizing their commitment to converging U.S. And international accounting standards (FASB, 2002). The agreement describes the efforts of both boards to propose changes to U.S. And international accounting standards that reflect common solutions to "certain specifically identified differences" (FASB, 2002, para. 2). By eliminating these differences, the Boards expect to improve comparability of financial statements across national jurisdictions. FASB Chairman Robert Herz described the FASB's commitment to….

FASB. (2002). FASB and IASB agree to work together toward convergence of global accounting standards. Retrieved October 15, 2011 from:  http://www.fasb.org/news/nr102902.shtml 

FASB. (2006). A Roadmap for Convergence between IFRSs and U.S. GAAP-2006-2008. Retrieved October 15, 2011 from:  http://www.fasb.org/cs/ContentServer?c=Document_C&pagename=FASB%2FDocument_C%2FDocumentPage&cid=1176156245558 

FASB. (2011). IASB and FASB report substantial progress towards completion of convergence program. Retrieved October 15, 2011 from:  http://www.fasb.org/cs/ContentServer?c=FASBContent_C&pagename=FASB/FASBContent_C/NewsPage&cid=1176158460171 

IFRS. (2011). What are the advantages of converting to IFRS? AICPA IFRS Resources. Retrieved October 15, 2011 from:  http://www.ifrs.com/updates/aicpa/ifrs_faq.html#q5

IFRS vs GAAP vs IFRS

The impact of these changes will be far-reaching. Those engaged in the financial sector will feel that greatest impact. However, the impact of these changes will be felt by everyone, including the American public. They will feel the changes by greater transparency and the ability to compare financial statements with greater equitability. It is expected that the IFS will increase public trust in the financial statements of companies. Much of the literature that is currently available on the IFS conversion is limited to publications to help companies understand and implement the changes. At the present time, the results and affects of the conversion have not been addressed by the academic world. The changes are currently in process and the results of them are yet to be seen. Therefore, this is an area of research that will have to be addressed in the future. At the present time, any opinions regarding….

Beuren, I., Hein, N. & Klann, R. (2008). Impact of the IFRS and U.S.-GAAP on economic-financial indicators. Managerial Auditing Journal. 23(7): 632 -- 649.

Colson, R. (2005). General Purpose Financial Statements. The CPA Journal. April 1, 2005. Retrieved October 22, 2010 from  http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-822127131.html 

Epstein, B. (2009). The Economic Effects of IFRS Adoption. The CPA Journal. March 2009. Retrieved 5 October 2010 from http://www.ifrsaccountant.com/media/NYSSCPA_IFRS_Economic_Effects_Epstein_0309.pdf

Epstein, B. & Jermakowicz, E. (2008). Global Financial Reporting Growing Prominence of IFRS: Implications for Transactional Attorneys. Business Law International. 9 (1): 1-93.

IFRS No 39 Hedge Accounting Requirements Accounting for

IFR No.39 hedge accounting requirements, accounting for investments in derivative financial instruments, criteria for hedge accounting recognition, and deferral of recognition of periodic unrealized fair value changes. IFR No.39 hedge accounting requirements IFR 39 permits hedge accounting under certain circumstances as long as the hedging relationship is: Thoroughly and fully spelled out and defined as well as the circumstances in which it will be used, the objective, the nature of the risk, and how the entity will assess the hedging instrument's effectiveness It is regularly assessed and determined to be effective It is determined to be effective in achieving changes in fair value or cash flows attributable to the hedged risk as is written, and that this effectiveness can be reliably measured (Deloitte IA 39) Accounting for investments in derivative financial instruments, If an embedded derivative is separated, the host contract is accounted for under the appropriate standard. If the entity is however unable to measure….

Deloitte IAS 39 -- Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement  http://www.iasplus.com/en/standards/standard38 

Jorion, Philippe (2009). Financial Risk Manager Handbook (5 ed.). John Wiley and Sons.

U S Adoption of IFRS the

(2007) discover that foreign possession rises in corporations that willingly adopt International Accounting Values. Lastly, to support the article regarding Should U.S. Adopt IFRS? Khorana (2010) uses a study that involved utilizing 44 nations from the similar U.S. investment information that has been set as the one used in Khuran's study, Gordon and Shima (2010) display that U.S. stockholders deal more of their impartiality reserves in nations after adoption of IFRS and that the asset increase is related with the nation's lawful morals and implementation administration. Likewise, Amiram (2009) combines all speculation data, not just recognized and large custodial properties, from the International Financial Fund for 53 stockholder and 81 investee nations. He discovers augmented foreign equity assets about mandatory IFRS adoption and that the growth is superior for nations that do have corruption that is not as high and improved depositor shield. In conclusion, in this paper, I think that….

Anderson a & Nkansah, O. (2011). Should U.S. Adopt IFRS? Financial Executive, 27(7), 24-28.

Khurana, I. & . (2010). Mandatory IFRS Adoption and the U.S. Home Bias. Accounting Horizons, 25(4), 729-753.

Sun, J.C. (2010). How Would the Mandatory Adoption of IFRS Affect the Earnungs Quality of U.S. Firms in the U.S. Accounting, 25(4), 837-860.

Adequacy of IFRS 8 Operating Segments

Segmental Information In general, IFS 8 Operating Segments place a requirement on specific classes of entities (particularly those entities that have publicly traded securities) to disclose information concerning their respective operating segments, products and services, the geographical areas in which they compete as well as their major customers (IFS 8 Operating Segments, 2014). The information that is provided by corporations pursuant to these requirements is based on internal management reports concerning the measurement of disclosed segment information as well as the identification of operating segments (IFS 8 Operating Segments, 2014). Although its proponents argue that the IFS 8 Operating Segments are adequate for their intended purposes, critics counter that they are inadequate for certain applications. To determine the facts, this paper reviews the relevant literature to provide a timely discussion concerning whether the requirements of IFS 8 Operating Segments can reasonably be criticised as being inadequate followed by a summary of….

Buthe, T & Mattli, W (2011). The New Global Rulers: The Privatization of Regulation in the World Economy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Epstein, BJ & Jermakowicz, EK (2009, April). "IFRS Converges to U.S. GAAP on Segment

Reporting." Journal of Accountancy, Vol. 207, No. 4, pp. 50-55.

"IFRS 8 Operating Segments" (2014). Deloitte Global Services Limited. [online] available:

Switch to IAS IFRS The Challenge

Some mergers and acquisitions (M&as) did not generate any goodwill because they were accounted for using the pooling-of-interests method. In 1969, Leonard M. Savoie (then Executive Vice President of the AICPA) stated that he expected the then-prevailing accounting pronouncement authority, the Accounting Principles Board (APB), to abolish the pooling of interests method. However, the death-knell for this accounting method was not sounded until 2001 with the issuance of SEAS No. 141. Thereafter, whenever the purchase price of an acquisition exceeds the fair market value of the acquired company's net assets, the assignment of cost to goodwill is mandatory. (26) According to Hake (2004), although the presence of goodwill on a balance sheet represents an expectation of higher profit, there is a cost associated with its accumulation: "Because goodwill is currently treated as a nonregenerating asset, accounting practice requires that it be removed from the balance sheet as it depreciates. The….

Black's Law Dictionary. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co., 1990.

Brown, W.D., Tucker, K.J., and Pfeiffer, R.J. (1999). "A prospective look at the usefulness of separately reporting goodwill charges: An evaluation of 'cash earnings.'" Working paper, University of Massachusetts, December 1999.

Butler, Brian, David Butler and Alan Isaacs. A Dictionary of Finance and Banking. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.

Clinch, G. (1995). "Capital markets research and the goodwill debate," Australian Accounting Review, June: 22-30, reprinted (1996) in Zeff, St. And Dharan, B. (eds.), Readings and Notes on Financial Accounting (New York: McGraw Hill), 340-50.

Convergence of IFRS Briginshaw J

Investors will have to adjust and discount IFRS figures, one additional dollar of IFRS profit indicates slightly lesser incremental economic health and, if the underlying assumptions of accounting are accepted, slightly lesser ability to pay down debt and pay dividends in the future than one dollar of income calculated under GAAP. Reaction Capital markets are becoming more global and demand for a single set of high-quality global accounting standards is increasing. IFRS if consistently applied by issuers and their auditors will be understood by investors throughout the world. The transition to IFRS will require, at the very least, a change in mindset. Because IFRS is principle driven instead of rules driven I believe there will be a tremendous scrabble for clarification regarding accounting procedures in the U.S. because the highly litigious nature of our nation. Furthermore the end of LIFO may impact investment in certain companies. Nonetheless IFRS will benefit investors….

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Research Paper

IFS and GAAP Convergence Briefly describe Walmart The company establishment was in 1962 by Sam Walton. The company has grown through mergers and acquisitions to become the largest retail outlet in…

For example, there are many SEC registered companies, and they are not all American companies. Many of them are actually headquartered in foreign countries. In the past they…

IFS 8 Operating Segments was to a certain degree a ground-breaking law since it represented the first foray of the International Accounting Standards Board into the area of requiring…

IFRS Human Resource Accounting The United States has a radically different accounting system than virtually every other the countries considered. The United States has their own system known as the general…

IFRS Pension Reporting 2009 IAS 19 is the equivalent to FAS 158, but there are differences in the two standards. (Meg, 2009) Under IAS 19 the current rates of return…

For instance, a parent company that has a low level of ownership in a subsidiary may want to lower the price paid to that subsidiary to increase parent…

Herz (2013) notes that the end of convergence will essentially bring about an era where IFS is, for the most part, the de facto standard around the world. However,…

However, financial reporting as a system has its limits. It cannot stabilize the world economy, save the environment and help investors understand the financial condition of a company…

IFRS Transition The SEC Proposal for Transition to IFRS This essay examines the SEC's proposed ork Plan for transitioning IFRS into the U.S. Financial Reporting System. This paper presents arguments in…

The impact of these changes will be far-reaching. Those engaged in the financial sector will feel that greatest impact. However, the impact of these changes will be felt…

IFR No.39 hedge accounting requirements, accounting for investments in derivative financial instruments, criteria for hedge accounting recognition, and deferral of recognition of periodic unrealized fair value changes. IFR No.39…

Article Review

(2007) discover that foreign possession rises in corporations that willingly adopt International Accounting Values. Lastly, to support the article regarding Should U.S. Adopt IFRS? Khorana (2010) uses a study…

Segmental Information In general, IFS 8 Operating Segments place a requirement on specific classes of entities (particularly those entities that have publicly traded securities) to disclose information concerning their respective…

Some mergers and acquisitions (M&as) did not generate any goodwill because they were accounted for using the pooling-of-interests method. In 1969, Leonard M. Savoie (then Executive Vice President…

Investors will have to adjust and discount IFRS figures, one additional dollar of IFRS profit indicates slightly lesser incremental economic health and, if the underlying assumptions of accounting…

188 Accountancy Essay Topics

🏆 best essay topics on accountancy, ✍️ accountancy essay topics for college, 👍 good accountancy research topics & essay examples, 🌶️ hot accountancy ideas to write about, 📌 easy accountancy essay topics, 🎓 most interesting accountancy research titles.

  • History of Accounting and Its Importance
  • Contingency Theory in Management Accounting
  • Hewlett Packard Company’s Cost Accounting Analysis
  • Accounting in the Ethnomethodological Context
  • Management Accounting: The Main Aspects
  • Kansas City Zephyrs Club’s Accounting Problems
  • The Apple and Samsung Firms’ Accounting Systems
  • Accounting Information Systems in an ERP Environment The introduction of the ERP technology has greatly influenced the accounting practices in the financial and management accounting, audit, and taxation.
  • Acme Pickle Company’s Cost Calculation & Accounting In Acme Pickle Company’s cost calculation methodology, it was not the ideal way of calculating costs by lumping together both fixed and variable costs.
  • Marketing vs. Accounting: Comparison of Two Professions While applying for a job, a person should consider all the merits and drawbacks of the profession. It’s reasonable to compare accounting and marketing as these professions have a lot in common
  • Explaining Concepts of Forensic Accounting The standards for forensic accounting are thus derived from the law and they give this practice its law definition.
  • Accounting and Finance in Business All types of business concerns require to record financial data relating to various transactions to provide necessary information to the interested groups of persons in the firm.
  • Marks & Spencer Plc’s Strategic Management Accounting This paper examines the case of Marks & Spencer and determining how different ways of strategic management accounting can assist the company in achieving its strategic plans.
  • IBM’s Management Accounting & Financial Practices The financial tradition at IBM is that those who are charged with the responsibility to handle finances do that. Accounting is an important part of IBM as a corporation.
  • Cash Versus Accrual Accounting Methods in Healthcare Organizations This paper will focus on analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of integrating accrual versus cash accounting methods in private physician practices and public hospitals.
  • Managerial Accounting Concepts in Health Care Industry This paper details the application of Activity Based Costing, a managerial accounting in a health care setting.
  • Laundromat Laundry’s Small Business Accounting Laura’s Laundromat is a registered laundry business that is located at Czech Road, Yukon Oklahoma. The business has been in operation for the last 3 years.
  • Advanced Management Accounting in Business EMA denotes the intersection of administrative accounting and environmental management. However, the term carries varying definitions according to different authors.
  • Accounting Information System This paper looks at some of the ways to protect data, the reasons why companies should protect data, and finally focuses heavily on the one largely used way of data protection.
  • Costco Wholesale Corporation: Accounting Research When Costco’s financial statements are reviewed, the part cash dividend declared but not paid can be noticed. This part accounts for Allowance for Doubtful Accounts.
  • Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Accounting Practice Introducing artificial intelligence (AI) into accounting is viewed by many researchers as a promising practice, which has been the subject of numerous studies.
  • Artificial Intelligence in Accounting ​Artificial Intelligence is already replacing some accounting operations, and research indicates that automating these processes is a cost-effective option.
  • Accounting Importance for Businesses The present research recommends that businesses should treat accounting with utmost concern as it affects the way companies perform in different periods.
  • The Role of Electronic Payment in Accounting and Auditing The business world also benefits from the use of technology as diverse operations can be carried out in a shorter period of time and more effectively.
  • Accounting and Financial Processes in an Organization Evaluating the financial plan to ensure its validity, given the company’s objective as far as shareholder wealth maximization is concerned.
  • Apple Inc.’s Managerial Accounting Conceptual Model The purpose of the give memo is to describe the decision-making process for the innovation to be implemented in Apple.
  • Sustainability Accounting and Contemporary Issues Sustainable accounting is an essential step in the evolution of accounting. It has a range of instruments, which allow assessing the level of sustainability.
  • Nortel Networks Corporation Accounting Theory This paper is an indepth analysis of the possible causes of wrong financial reporting and discussion of the remedies and solutions that can be adopted by the Nortel Networks Corporation.
  • Expo2020 Dubai’s Accounting and Financial Management This paper compares costs and revenues at two levels: state and organizational. Moreover, a comparison with other exhibitions that have been held in the last decade is presented.
  • The Balance Sheet in Accounting The paper discusses the balance sheet in accounting. It is one of the four core financial statements used to report the company’s financial information.
  • The Roles of Governmental Accounting The state and local governments are given the responsibility of ensuring that all governmental accounting is presented in the most professional and transparent of ways.
  • Management Accounting Principles and Techniques Accounting standards are basic rules that must be followed while planning budgetary report that will be circulated to individuals, shareholders, and investors.
  • Managerial Accounting in the COVID-19 Pandemic Any company or an organization with a dream of succeeding in the world of business should consider managerial accounting as a critical element of propelling its objectives.
  • Accounting Risk and Uncertainty Risks and uncertainty form the basis of either failure or success of every business. Risky decisions have to be made; otherwise, there will not be a development in organizations.
  • Wal-mart Food, INC: Management Accounting Concepts Wal- Mart uses the management accounting concepts to make appropriate decisions and to provide its customer’s products of high quality at reasonable prices.
  • Fundamentals of Management Accounting It is vital to realize that the accountant has so far been using the full costing traditional method that has been in use for a long time.
  • Managerial Accounting for Business Decision-Making Butler and Ghosh posit that the scope of one’s decision-making and, on a larger scale, one’s thinking ability, determines the efficacy of a managerial accounting strategy.
  • Waste Management Inc.: Accounting Principles Waste Management Inc. was one of the organizations that violated these standards while being accused of financial manipulations and fraud.
  • The Influence of Automation on Employability and the Accounting Profession This paper explores the impact of automation on both employability and the accounting profession. It will also carry out qualitative research by interviewing students.
  • Automation in Accounting for Future Workplaces This annotated bibliography aims to describe the impact of automation in accounting on the workplace in the future.
  • International Corporate Reporting and Financial Accounting The significance of corporate financial reporting covers broad issues that seek to bridge a gap between corporate governance and corporate financial accounting.
  • Timing Differences in Accounting In business, it is important to make an accurate tax return so as to avoid the costs associated with penalties that arise from filing wrong returns.
  • Japan & UK Accounting Standards & Corporate Governance Corporate governance is important in bridging the gap between economic and social goals as well as communal and individual goals.
  • The IASB and the FASB and Their Role in the Accounting FASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board) and IASB (International Accounting Standards Board) are the U.S.-based organization that issues Financial Accounting Statements.
  • Bata India Ltd.: Management Accounting Analysis ‘Bata India Ltd’ is one of the leading companies in the Bombay Stock Exchange. The budgets are regularly prepared; budgets are prepared for every next year.
  • Accounting. Current and Non-Current Assets Current assets are assets that are most liquid in the organization the assets that can be used up or be sold in the business cycle.
  • Debenhams Plc: Company’s Financial Accounting The paper discusses the importance of financial statements and reports. Using Debenhams Plc as a case study, the financial ratios were calculated and analyzed.
  • Relevance and Reliability in Accounting for Intangible Assets Asset accounting is an important process for every organization because it allows for assessing financial health and making appropriate decisions.
  • The Accounting Profession: Impact of Emerging Technologies This paper analyzes the impacts improvements such as artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and Blockchain technologies have and will have on the accounting profession.
  • Accounting Information in Sole Proprietorship This paper focuses on whether a sole proprietor needs to own a separate bank account or use their personal property to advance their business.
  • Accounting and Financial Management for Expo 2020 Dubai The use of technology is a fundamental aspect of the organizational development adopted in every aspect of the innovation exhibitions hosted by the association in Dubai.
  • Accounting Ethics and the Code of Conduct The observation of the Code of Conduct is vital for the modern business world as it guarantees that all parties will remain satisfied and ready to continue cooperation.
  • ICT Solution in a Project “Innovative ICT Solution For Definitive Accounting & Taxation” The essay is devoted to the discussion of the ICT solution presented in a project Innovative ICT Solution For Definitive Accounting & Taxation.
  • Qantas Airways Limited: Contemporary Accounting Issues Even though some sectors might avoid severe damages or even benefit from the current events, no business can remain unaffected.
  • Accounting for Decision-Making. Dakota Office Products Traditional product costing system is employed by Dakota was suitable for companies having one homogenous product with large fixed costs.
  • Career Opportunity in the Accounting Industry Accounting information is one of the most essential factors and contributors to economic growth. The information provides knowledge that allows developing business ideas.
  • Starbucks Company Financial Reporting Accounting Principles On the example of Starbucks, the paper explains why companies should adhere to the generally accepted accounting principles when following the rules of financial reports.
  • Program for University Canada West: Managerial Accounting The aim of this paper was to evaluate the attractiveness of investment in a Program for University Canada West using Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, and Payback period.
  • Accounting Information in Evaluating Outsourcing Decision In the provided scenario, the product manager of the Xtreme snowboards is faced with the problem of a drop in sales of this product.
  • Accounting: The Effect of Inventory Errors Beginning and ending inventory errors have different negative effects on the elements of the basic accounting equation, such as assets, liability, and owner’s equity.
  • CSL Limited’s Accounting and Financial Performance In this research, the financial performance of CSL Limited is examined for the years 2020 and 2021. The research will look into the ratios used in analyzing financial situations.
  • Explaining the Expectations Gap Between Accounting Students and Professionals The evident presence of the gap highlights the importance of reviewing and discussing the reasons behind its prominence in the modern field of accounting.
  • Accounting Software for Business This research paper examines the four accounting programs for business: QuickBooks, FreshBooks, Xero, and Wave.
  • Artificial Intelligence Implementation in Accounting Processes Artificial intelligence seems to be a prospective technology, and its implementation in accounting processes is inevitable.
  • Strategic Management Accounting A strategy is a plan of action by an organization on how it intends to achieve its goals with the aim of profit maximization.
  • Financial and Management Accounting: The Analysis of Financial Systems The paper takes a financial analysis of Shire plc and AstraZeneca plc; both companies have their main operating base in the United Kingdom.
  • Accounting Terminology in Modern Media In an article published in the New York Times, major accounting fraud is discussed with a mentioning of a range of terms, which, though used appropriately, still lack certain detailing.
  • Cash vs. Accrual Accounting for Healthcare Organization The purpose of paper is to address the positive and negative effects of cash vs. accrual payment methods for both organizations.
  • Accounting Scandals. Case Analysis Accounting issues have the power to diminish a company in a short amount of time. Transparency is of paramount importance in contemporary financial reporting practices.
  • Managerial Accounting Ethics Role Managerial accounting aims to provide the measurement and interpretation of accounting information so decisions to maintain and improve a company`s performance can be made.
  • Working Capital Fundamentals of Management Accounting Working capital is the lifeblood for a business firm without it a business can’t properly run. There are several items that makes working capital healthy.
  • Pork Inn’s Small Business Accounting Pork Inn is a popular place for customers who live pork products, especially young people who come from well-to-do families.
  • Strategic Management Accounting: Tillman & Goddard This paper analyzes the article Tillman and Goddard who are investigating the role of strategic management accounting in an organizational setting.
  • Network Infrastructure Company’s Accounting Fraud The accounting fraud case of Network Infrastructure Company’s executives is an example of the violation of ethical models and negligent application of accounting standards.
  • Impact of Accounting Conservatism on Innovation This paper discusses the relationship between accounting conservatism, innovation, and investment and the current state of knowledge on the matter.
  • Non-Compliance Effects in Accounting Non-compliance in accounting influences the financial entity, the economy, and society. Therefore, not only following the standards but enforcing them is crucial.
  • Accounting Methods for Leaders The paper is about ZXY company that intends to expand its operations by investing in equipment for the manufacture of 2 new products.
  • Aspects of International Accounting Related to IFRS IRFS enables organizations to create a conjoint accounting language and ensure that businesses and their financial statements can be constant and unswerving from one company to another.
  • Double-Entry Accounting: Debits and Credits Double-Entry Accounting implies that each financial transaction that is being carried out has an equal but opposite impact on at least two different accounts.
  • Financial Accounting Cycle Steps The financial affairs of any enterprise require constant attention, accuracy, and reporting. The purpose of this paper is to identify and describe the accounting cycle steps.
  • Held to Maturity Accounting Investment There are various merits associated withheld to maturity accounting. Foremost the held to maturity accounting removes the burden of complex pricing that mostly affects bonds.
  • Accounting, Marketing, and Management in the Organization This paper presents an overview of organizational systems and applications, marketing accounting, and management in particularity.
  • Accounting Function in Garment Organization Management accounts including the cash and flow reports are prepared for understanding of cash positions of the Organization.
  • Organizational Culture of Accounting Profession There are many ethical issues with which accountants struggle and points to ethical systems as tools that can be used to solve ethical dilemmas.
  • Modern Jobs: Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Copywriters This report provides information about the most important careers in the company nowadays – bookkeeper, accounter, auditing clerks, and copywriters.
  • The Concept of Consolidation Accounting in Company The decision to consolidate financial statements when a company acquires a small company is based on the general rules discusses in this paper.
  • Adopting International Accounting Standards Adopting international accounting standards will enable both developing and industrialized nations to access the benefits associated with high quality financial reporting.
  • Government Accounting, Its Approaches and Future In this paper, the goal is to review relevant research articles on the topic of government accounting in order to get a deeper understanding of the subject.
  • Real-Time Reporting: Accounting Information Systems Real-time reporting in accounting has a number of considerable advantages over traditional accounting system, based on monthly, quarterly or annual reports.
  • Accounting Career Opportunities and Requirements Accounting enables businesses to keep score of their operations while at the same time providing solutions to emerging challenges.
  • Rules of Financial Accounting: Economics and Management It is vital to describe control methods to show how an organization works to stop and curtail dishonest behavior and needless mistakes in its accounting records and data.
  • Accounting Policy for Property, Plant, Equipment, and Revenue Recognition The basis of accounting is ideally methods applied in recognizing expenses and revenues in financial statements.
  • The Teck Resources Company’s Accounting Policies Teck Resources seems to follow the International Financial Reporting Standards and disclose as much information as possible to create a clear view of its financial operations.
  • Advantages of Using Accrual Accounting Instead of Cash Accounting The contrast between cash accounting and accrual accounting is timing: cash accounting records income and expenses as earned, and accrual accounting see the current state of finances.
  • Activity-Based Costing and Profit Planning for Managerial Accounting Activity-Based Costing is a useful accounting method that enables managers the collection, analysis, and evaluation of a business’s investment and expenditure habits.
  • The Satyam Computer Services Firm’s Accounting Ethics As an analyzed case of violation of accounting ethics, the 2009 scandal will be considered in which the Indian outsourcing company Satyam Computer Services became involved.
  • Financial vs. Managerial Accounting Differences Accounting gained popularity across different industries, with financial (FA) and managerial accounting (MA) being the two major types.
  • Accounting Affairs and Fundamental Mathematics This paper discusses the correlation between accounting affairs and fundamental mathematics, proving that the latter serves as a foundation for the former.
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International Accounting Issues - Essay Example

International Accounting Issues

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Formulation of accounting framework and adoption of international financial reporting standards, international accounting harmonization, tyco international accounting issues, international accounting standards issues, the main role of corporate accountability, accounting ethical issues of american international group, international issues in accounting and audit, an examination questions about fundamentals of financial accounting.

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Essay On International Accounting

Type of paper: Essay

Topic: Business , Sociology , Accounting , Politics , Finance , Europe , Company , Economics

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Published: 12/23/2019

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4. Discuss the issues and recent developments relevant to auditing social corporate responsibility reporting. Provide your opinion (with support) on the extent US companies and audit firms should engage in social corporate responsibility reporting.

Social corporate responsibility reports usually contain information on issues pertaining to the environment, human rights, safety, supply chain, and other social concerns. (McCuaig, 2006) These are public documents reported to non economic stakeholders, whose primary interests go beyond corporate money making and whose knowledge about the corporations are just fulfilled by the usual financial and regulatory reports. Thus, these reports sometimes come as a separate report while for other companies; it is attached to the annual corporate report.

This type of reporting has become popular nowadays. Corporations are looking for emerging assurance standards to direct different opinions on corporate responsibility reporting. (McCuaig, 2006) Social corporate responsibility reporting, specifically on the aspects of compliance, internal control and governance is just new. Hence, its framework for reporting is not yet refined and standardized. The determination of what should be reported and the enhanced roles of internal auditors are also part of the issues with regards to this matter.

At present, there are two main standards for this type of reporting and these are: the International Standards on Assurance Engagements (ISAE 3000) and the AA100 Assurance Standard (AA100AS). These two both aim to guide external auditors in giving an audit opinion on this type of reports. One major issue for the social corporate responsibility reporting is the role of the internal auditor. These professionals have the golden opportunity to both guide these standards and to develop proper standards for internal auditors in reviewing such reports.

I believe that US companies should completely submit their social corporate responsibility reports. For the internal auditors, there are two very important and relevant reasons for social corporate responsibility reporting. Initially, the techniques and the devices utilized by fellow auditors may prove equally useful to upgrading the quality and quantity of data available to the company’s stakeholders about issues on financial statements, compliance and governance. Also, as social corporate responsibility reporting rises, new and proper standards of assurance will be implemented and various internal auditing services will be required. (McCuaig, 2006)

It is very important for the companies to assert their audits on important global issues like human rights, ecological compliance and supply chain management. These reports must be audited and publicized. In this case, the role of internal auditors have to be modified so that they can support the various US companies in their development of the required standards in delivering well written assurance reports.

I also think that social corporate responsibility reporting is also enhancing the corporate value, image and the reputation of the US companies, especially the multinational and global ones. Multinationals companies like Nike, Coca Cola, Gap, etc. have been good examples of how the social responsibility of companies can be detrimental to their growth and returns. Good reporting is crucial to their improved image especially to their stakeholders’ expectations. I think that for global companies, their value and image is always attached with their social responsibility and the way that the companies report their involvement in these aspects is very significant. Companies with good codes of social responsibility often always perform well in terms of income, its employment and its overall organization. (Fraser, 2005) This type of reporting is also timely in the advent of the proliferation of various conferences, movement and organizations. It is a sort of a corporate defense for companies as expectations on their processes of business have increased.

7. Discuss why and how the approach taken by ASEAN members towards harmonization of financial reporting contrasts the one taken by members of the EU. Illustrate with members of the ASEAN.

When various countries agree to integrate their economies, various institutional mechanisms have to be agreed upon and created so that the divergence among these different economies can be addressed. Some of these solidarity mechanisms will be favorable for certain types of the intended economic integration while some can be more generally applied. (Choi & Meek, 2011) The international harmonization of financial reporting and generally, the accounting standards is a great process to brings various international Accounting Standards into a defined form of agreement geared towards achieving a common set of Accounting principles. (Choi & Meek, 2011)

The primary level of economic integration is attained when countries come to an agreement in terms of a creation of a free trade area (FTA). In this agreement, import tariffs on each country’s products are removed, with member countries retaining only their specific systems of tariff duties on products from those not covered by their memberships. The ultimate level of economic integration is achieved through the establishment of an economic union. This is characterized by a common market and the unification of economic agencies and the coordination of economic policies among member countries. (Choi & Meek, 2011)

In such agreements, the European Union (EU) can be described as a half-fledged economic union, even when it has a unified monetary system since 2000. This is because member states maintain their sovereignty over several economic policies. Cuyvers (2002) described the EU as “somewhat more than halfway between a common market and an economic union.” In terms of accounting standards, some 7,000 European companies use the International Accounting Standards (IAS) in the EU since 2005. (Cuyvers, 2002)

Meanwhile, the ASEAN is described by its being an FTA with several policies to liberalize intra-regional investment flows. For instance, the Asean Free Trade Agreement (AFTA) aims to liberalize inter-ASEAN trade and to enhance regional investments as of 1992. While AFTA can be described as the lowest level of economic integration in the region, its commitments can also be described through a more general framework of “open regionalism” system as applied by the Asia Pacific Economic Co-operation (APEC). In this respect, liberalization of trade and investments are crucial. (Cuyvers, 2002)

In the EU, policy instruments such as the Structural Funds are used to reduce regional disparities between member states and future member states. Meanwhile, in the ASEAN, sub-regional cooperation is used as a major instrument for convergence and “sub-regional” development. ASEAN promotes the further development and implementation of “growth areas” with the intention of narrowing the gap in the development levels among member states and to reduce poverty and socio-economic gaps in the Southeast Asian region. (Cuyvers, 2002)

Countries in Asia have been identified with the use of the IAS. However, there have been little publications on the difficulties they met in adopting these international accounting standards. For instance, Taiwan initially based its accounting standards on those of US GAAP as the main reference for creating its own accounting standards. However, in 1996, this Asian country publicly declared its move towards international accounting standards. It has substantially focused on harmonizing its standards with those of other countries. In contrast, when the IAS has been implemented close to UK GAAP, there remained “a surprising number of differences.” Major factors in the divergence of their accounting reporting can be attributed to their legal systems, national culture, tax systems, accounting professional agency, among others. (Cuyvers, 2002)

8. Discuss the various factors a multinational company (MNC) must consider in the establishment of a management accounting information system across national borders. Outline the various approaches MNCs take to address the factors identified. Multinational companies (MNCs) overcome national borders and expand their businesses for several reasons. Major factors in their operations include their cross-border operations and their adoptions of a variety of organizational structures. These factors can affect the strategies they will implement, including their financial strategies and options. (Choi & Meek, 2011) In managing an accounting information system across national borders, IT infrastructure and maintenance are crucial. Specific factors must be resolved and these include: The problems with scheduling and coordination. For instance, a business which go beyond four time zones has 5 business hours that need to be fully supported by all of its operation, while one spanning more than eight time zones would have no common business hours at all. This shift in schedules can result in increased reliance on background transfers of information (such as e-mail), which do not require human interaction in real time. Data dispersion to reduce transmission costs, a strategy which can lead to the loss of information control and increased security risks. The existing legislation with regards to computer privacy and security, software licensing, and copyrights remains fundmanetally fragmented among nations. This is another crucial issue in managing accounting information system. Langugae can also cause problems with the expansion into other nations. Global IS should be designed to provide support for international languages. Data entry and reporting programs should also be written to accommodate different alphabets, printing directions and the sequences in collating. For instance, in some nations, pages are ordered from right to left. The communication infrastructure in the local country must also be very well considered and financed. The local technical support in each country of operations must also be studied.

Roche (1996) specified various approaches which the MNCs must implement and these include the following:

MNCs must decide on performance evaluation measures. While MNCs usually use several financiala nd non financial measures, they must use financial measures of performance and profit-based measures. MNCs must decide whether their foreign operations will be assessed as an investment center, a profit center, or a cost center. Some foreign operations may be intended for a strategic purpose other than to generate profit and it must be evaluated differently. MNCs must also decide if their foreign operating unit and the executives under these units must be assessed in the uniform manner, or if they will be assessed distinctly using different performance measures. Responsibility accounting proposes that executives must not be accounted for uncontrollable items. For foreign executives, this comprises of incomes and expenses managed by the parent company, the national government and others. For those foreign operations assessed according to profitability, the MNCs should decide if the profits will be evaluated in local or parent currency. Most MNCs measure the performance of their foreign operations in parent currency, which requires translating from the local currency to the parent currency. The MNCs should decide if the local manager will be given this sole responsibility of translating adjustments. If the MNCs’ performances are assessed by comparing budgeted results to actual results in parent currency, differences in exchange rates can be avoided through the uniform use of the same exchange rate translating the budget and actual results. Management control systems should also be keen to the national cultures to which local executives belong. Cultural awareness is required when imposing a system designed for human resource management since a specific method of implementation may not be successful across all cultures.

References:

Choi, Frederick & Meek, Gary. (2011). International Accounting, 7th ed. London: Prentice Hall. Cuyvers, Prof. Dr. Ludo. (November 2002). Contrasting the European and Asean Integration and Solidarity. Fourth EU-ASEAN Think Tank Dialogue “EU and ASEAN – Integration and Solidarity” European Parliament. Retrieved on June 30, 2012 from, https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:5QUCvsXO9ucJ:www.eias.org/conferences/euaseam4/euaseamcuyvers.pdf+approach+taken+by+ASEAN+members+towards+harmonization+of+financial+reporting&hl=fil&gl=ph&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShE70qyyHhu_JeO5AzjD4qBSJOADCmFFoMMocnUitJ8GKo8y2KLxVEfA3-pp4IaZB0E1OEL0QzovcRZp9shfjKF8n_psIrtQVe9I9h3a3i8QA1maeKt2XQPfMZ6uNJqglKnN8Mz&sig=AHIEtbR_woR1u4gEEYC_-N8RBYa50X5iUg. Fraser, Bruce W. (2005). Corporate Social Responsibility. Internal Auditor. Web. Retrieved on June 30, 2012 from, http://www.theiia.org/intAuditor/in-the-profession/2011/corporate-social-responsibility/. McCuaig, Bruce. (April, 2006). A Case for Responsible Reporting. Internal Auditor. Web. Retrieved on June 30, 2012 from, http://www.theiia.org/intAuditor/feature-articles/2006/april/a-case-for-responsible-reporting/. Roche, Edward Mosley. (1996). Multinational Corporations – the Emerging Research Agenda. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 5. pp. 129-147.

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International Accounting Issues

1. executive summary:.

Due to the global business expansion, management opportunities have grown and enhanced each day and issues and abuses have occurred. Therefore, I will try to explore how Earning Management works within finance and, will relate it with the principles of accounting. According to the IASB, there are many ways escape and create opportunities. Throughout my study I will present how a total impact is made, by explaining the different accounting standards and by relating them to Earning Management.

2. Earning Management:

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Earning Management is the practice of producing financial accounts that suit a particular purpose without really showing the true and fair views. Sometimes the accountant might want to show profits which are favorable e.g. to get a bonus, and sometimes losses e.g. to pay less tax. At other times the accountant may wish to show a healthy balance sheet e.g. to get a bank loan, whereas at other times an unhealthy balance sheet e.g. before a management buy-out to get a bargain. Various types of definitions have been produced to explain Earning Management as a special form of ‘’design’’ rather than ‘’principled accounting’’.

2.1 Definitions of Earning Management:

Earning management is also referred to as income smoothing, earnings management, earnings smoothing, financial engineering and cosmetic accounting. Definitions of earning management vary, and include the following:

‘Is any action on the part of management which affects reported income and which provides no true economic advantage to the organization and may in fact, in the long-term, be detrimental’. (Merchant and Rockness, 1994)

‘Involves the repetitive selection of accounting measurement or reporting rules in a particular pattern, the effect of which is to report a stream of income with a smaller variation from trend than would otherwise have appeared’.(Copeland, 1968)

2.2 Motivations for Earning Management :

Why earning management comes into beingHow can earning management come into beingIn this part motivations of the appearance of creative accounting will be worked over.

To Show Growth Trends:

Generally companies prefer reporting steady trends of growth in profit rather than showing volatile profit with series of dramatic rises and falls. Making unnecessarily high provisions for liabilities and against asset values in good years is achieved so that the provisions can be reduced thereby improving reported profits in bad years.

Directors Bonuses:

In most cases, bonuses of the management of the company are based on profits, so the higher the profit the higher the bonus or, if a certain level of profit is achieved only then the bonus is payable. Directors and employees have an incentive to use earning management practices in an effort to maximize the bonuses received when such bonus schemes are tied to reported earnings.

Manipulating Share Price:

Creative accounting may help maintain or boost share price, both by reducing apparent levels of borrowing, making the company appear subjected to less risk, and by creating the appearance of a good profit trend. By doing so the company is able to raise capital from new share issues, offer their own shares in takeover bids and, resist takeover by other companies.

Financial Problems:

The business needs additional financing; that is, it requires a loan or aspires one at a favorable rate. Normally, less risk perceived by the lender leads to lower interest rate charged. High reported earnings, high assets, low liabilities and high shareholder equity amounts accompanied by high earnings, convey the impression of improved credit quality as well as, high debt rating to a lender, or bond investor. As a result, creative accounting practices used to improve reported financial measures can lead to lower corporate borrowing costs.

Insider Trading:

If directors engage in ‘insider dealing’ in the shares of company , they can then use earning management to delay the release of information for the market enhancing opportunities to benefit from inside knowledge.

3. Abuses of Earning Management and International Accounting Standards:

In most cases where earning management is done, accounting policy choice and application simply fall within the range of flexibility inherent in international accounting standards, and GAAP. Whilst it can be argued that the manner in which the accounting policies is employed are largely a function of management judgment , in most cases this judgment results in the biasing of reported financial results and position in one direction or another. It presses the envelope of what is permitted under IAS and GAAP, although it remains within boundaries, and it is not fraudulent financial reporting.

3.1 Revenue Recognition (IAS 18):

Faced with the slow growth, a company may overstate operating revenues by recognizing them too early .For example if item issued to distributers on a ‘’sale or return’’ basis are recorded as sales (even though they may be returned) this will inflate sales and profits.

Since the sales have not yet been paid for, this will also increase the receivable figure in balance sheet. The increased receivable figures (longer debt collection period) is one way that analysts may be able to spot this kind of manipulation. The receivable figure tends to increase over time until the manipulation is discovered. Other examples include holding the books open and continuing to record shipments that clearly belong in subsequent periods and recording sales without the shipment of goods.If reported profit is significantly higher than the operating cash flow for the period, this may be another indicator that profits are being overstated.

Sybase’s shares dropped an additional 20% when the company reported improper practices at the Japanese subsidiary, which Sybase said included booking revenue for purported sales that were accompanied by side letters allowing customers to return software later without penalty.

The accounting standards dealing with this (principally IAS 18) has prescribed the criteria to decide when revenue should be recognized:

  • In case of goods, that ownership has genuinely been transferred; that the economic benefits and risks of ownership lie with the buyer.
  • The revenue that seller gains must be measurable.
  • The costs of supplying the goods or services can be measured.
  • It is probable that the revenue will be received.
  • The completion stage of partially completed contract of services can be determined.

According to IAS 18, the notes to the accounts should explain the revenue recognition policy. Although new rules and regulations imposed by IASB and other accounting bodies have improved the situation, revenues remain one of the most easily manipulated numbers in the accounts.

3.2 Unusual Assets ( IAS 16/38 )

Capitalizing expenditure involves posting transactions to the fixed assets in the Balance Sheet rather than the expenditure section in the Profit & Loss or by amortizing capitalized amounts over extended periods. If the true and fair view would be to post it to the expenses then to post it to fixed assets (i.e. to capitalize it) could be classed as earning management .Result of this would be that both the profits and asset values will be inflated.

In the case of WorldCom, a large us telecommunication business, it was alleged that operating profits had been overstated by treating certain operating expenses, such as basic network maintenance, as capital expenditure during 2001 and 2002.To correct this overstatement ,net profit had to be reduced by $ 3.8 billion.

Under IAS 16,costs such as servicing should be treated as an expense and should be recognized in the income statement. Subsequent expenditure should be capitalized only if it results in an enhancement of economic benefit beyond those previously recognized.

A common charge seen at the time of the combination of technology firms is a charge for purchased in-process research and development. As the name suggests, purchased in process R&D is an unfinished R&D effort that is acquired from another firm. It might be an unfinished clinical study on the efficacy of a new drug or an unfinished prototype of a new electronics product.

According to IAS 38, if the acquired R&D has an alternative future use beyond a current research and development project, the expended amount should be capitalized. Capitalization also would be appropriate for purchased in process software development, a form of R&D, if the software project has reached technological feasibility.

3.2 Profit Smoothing ( IAS 37 )

Income smoothing refers more specifically to the preference of reporting steadily rising profits. A form of earnings management designed to remove peaks and valleys from a normal earnings series, including steps to reduce and “store” profits during good years for use during slower years. For example, deliberately not disclosing a contingent liability, or significant going concern problems, in the notes to the financial statements means that the disclosures required (under IAS 37 and IAS 1 respectively) have intentionally not been made.

From the preceding examples, it can be seen readily why earnings management is also known as income or profit smoothing. It is because the practice of earnings management often is designed to produce a smoother earnings stream, one that suggests a lower level of earnings uncertainty and risk.

Earnings at General Electric Co. (GE) have grown steadily for decades. It is tough to expect such a smooth and growing earnings stream. Certainly the diverse nature of the company’s product and service mix provides a diversification effect that yields a more stable earnings stream. Beyond its product and service diversification, however, the company has in the past demonstrated a willingness to take steps that appear to manage its earnings to a smoother series. Analysts, noted that GE is “certainly a relatively aggressive practitioner of earnings management.”

Sometimes in a bad year a company may decide to write-down assets in a wholesale fashion. Earnings expectations have not been met. The implicit view is that there will be no additional penalties for making the year even worse. By writing down assets now, taking a “big bath,” as it is called—the balance sheet can be cleaned up and made particularly conservative. As such, there will be fewer expenses to serve as a drag on earnings in future years.

3.3 Change in accounting Policy (IAS 8):

Another way of earning management is through a firm’s selection of the accounting policies it employs in the preparation of its financial statements or in the manner in which those accounting policies are applied. The companies involved are simply using available flexibility in accounting principles.

It does not mean that the applicable financial reporting framework has not been followed. It may be that the manipulation of published figures is the result of selecting an accounting policy which is allowed under the financial reporting framework, but which does not reflect economic reality. For example, changing the estimated life of a non-current asset is allowed under financial reporting standards, but if it is done purely to manipulate the depreciation charge (and therefore earnings), then it becomes an example of earnings management.

IASB in international accounting standard 8 has prescribed the criteria for selecting and changing accounting policies together with the disclosure and accounting treatment of changes in a reporting entity’s accounting policies, accounting estimates and corrections of errors. An enterprise may voluntarily change the accounting policy only if believes that the change will improve the presentation of the financial statements. An enterprise discloses any change in accounting policy that has a material effect in the current period or is reasonably expected to have a material effect in later periods. It should also disclose, to the extent ascertainable, the amount by which any item in the financial statements is affected by a change that has a material effect in the current period. Where the enterprise is unable to ascertain the amount with reasonable efforts, the fact should be disclosed.

Entities must adopt consistent accounting policies for similar transactions unless an IFRS/IAS requires a more specific policy to be adopted. Entities are only allowed to change an accounting policy if it is required by an IFRS or IAS; or, it results in financial statements providing more reliable and relevant information about the effects of transactions on the entity’s financial position, performance or cash flows.

3.5 Off Balance Sheet Financing (IAS 1):

“Off balance sheet financing” is when debt financing is not shown on the face of the balance sheet. This allows a company to borrow without calculations being affected of measures of indebtedness such as gearing. Motives for this may be to mislead investors and remain within the terms of debt covenants. It may also sometimes be a side effect of the method for raising capital chosen therefore, it is probably best to be suspicious of the motives for raising debt in a manner that is not visible to investors. As standards have caught up with loopholes that allowed off balance sheet financing.

Conclusion and Recommendations:

It is a difficult task for the regulators to cope with earning management. They need to update the rules to control earning management on one hand, allow flexibility and promote the culture of voluntary disclosure on the other hand. The danger of over regulation is that companies will assume it is the regulators’ responsibilities to ensure transparency rather than their own. By a mixture of regulations aimed at special abuses and more fundamental accounting and auditing standards that require the application of the spirit of the law rather than merely the letter, regulators have been successful in eradicating many of these practice.

It is to be stated that the impact of creative and fraudulent accounting can be reduced by streamlining the accounting and auditing system and more effective corporate governance. Earning management can be reduced by:

  •  Introduction of forensic accounting for white collar fraud detection and fraud prevention;
  • Minimizing the alternative choices of accounting treatment in accounting standards;
  • Enhancing the quality of corporate governance;
  • Amending Companies Act;
  • Enforcing strong regulation, and
  • Increasing the effectiveness of audit.

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71 Managerial Accounting Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

🏆 best managerial accounting topic ideas & essay examples, ✅ good research topics about managerial accounting, 👍 interesting topics to write about managerial accounting.

  • Differentiating Financial and Managerial Accounting This is due to the fact that management accounting is for decision making and thus it is used for planning the future of the organization while financial accounting is for the reporting of past operations […]
  • Choice of Career Between Accounting Manager and Accounting Auditor On the other hand, auditors are tasked with the responsibility of revising the financial accounts prepared by financial accountants to ensure that they represent “a true and fair view of the company’s financial position”. We will write a custom essay specifically for you by our professional experts 808 writers online Learn More
  • Financial Accounting Versus Managerial Accounting Financial accounting refers to the type of accounting that deals with preparation of financial statements, using accounting techniques, for financial reporting.
  • The Domination of Financial Accounting on Managerial Accounting Information The article by Halbouni and Hassan that is titled “The Domination of Financial Accounting on Managerial Accounting Information: An Empirical Investigation in the UAE” is devoted to the topic of the relationship between financial accounting […]
  • Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation Managerial Accounting The flagship project and the construction of the first reactor of the four scheduled reactors began in 2011. In the execution of the role of management accountants, ENEC encounters challenges due to the use of […]
  • Decision-Making With Managerial Accounting The case of Southwest Airlines demonstrates the application of the budgeting technique in management accounting. Managerial accounting is critical to the provision of quality and quantitative data in the financial and operational performance.
  • Strategic Cost and Managerial Accounting in UAE The major objective of the ‘just in time’ strategy is to reduce costs that are related to holding inventory. Just in time was to be part of the company’s production system referred to as the […]
  • Managerial Accounting Tools: The UAE Telecommunications Sector The purpose of the research proposal is to outline a research project that will assess the prevalence of managerial accounting tools and methods used in the UAE telecommunications sector in order to determine the preferred […]
  • The Gulf Cooperation Council: Managerial Accounting The purpose of the research paper is to assess the prevalence of managerial accounting tools and methods used in the GCC countries in order to determine the preferred approach to accounting in organizations.
  • Data Reliability in Financial and Managerial Accounting Therefore, financial accounting is highly strict when it concerns the reliability of data used in the reports. In managerial accounting, the demand for information reliability is not as high as it is in financial accounting.
  • Managerial Accounting: Variable Costing As a rule, the area of financial accounting is restricted to the creation and further analysis of the company’s financial statements.
  • Qatar National Bank in Managerial Accounting The company also has a raft of other initiatives meant to ensure that it increases its market share and profitability in the global market despite the challenges that it is currently facing.
  • Greenville Hospital System’s Managerial Accounting Therefore, it is evident that the output of the hospital is diverse and calls for the use of a job order costing system.
  • Managerial Accounting: Charter School’s Budgeting In the case in point, to calculate the total revenue per student, one will have to add all revenues per student and divide the sum by the number of students in the identified group.
  • Technological Advances, Financial Accounting and Managerial Accounting Data Security The three key processes of accounting are record keeping, analysis, and finalizing transactions to present them to the users of accounting and financial reports.
  • Managerial Accounting in Healthcare Services This paper aims to discuss the characteristics of such concepts as variable costs, fixed costs, mixed costs, and job order costing as a part of healthcare services.
  • Managerial Accounting Control Orientation and Organizational Outcomes Therefore, organizational executives should apply the proficiencies, capabilities, and understanding of the managerial accounting practices, in addition to being aware of the inconsistent business settings, to tackle the problems of control with the help of […]
  • Potato Chip: Basics of Cost & Managerial Accounting Finally, the chips enter the packaging stage the computer weighs the chips using pre-set instructions and directs the machines to fill a formed bag.
  • COVID-19 Impacts on Managerial Accounting With an increasing number of people infected, the overall world economy cannot remain stable for one day, making it difficult to analyze the data in terms of the epidemiologic situation in both local and outsourced […]
  • Sam Walton: Managerial Accounting at Walmart It is possible to say that Sam Walton relied on the principles and concepts of managerial accounting to improve the decision-making and planning in his company. Apart from, that Sam Walton used the principles of […]
  • Managerial Accounting: Lessons From Sam Walton Wal-Mart is also the largest global company as well as the largest private employer in the world with over 2 million employees This laudable success would have, however, not been possible had it not been […]
  • Managerial Accounting vs. Cost Accounting The aim of this is to control expenditure and thus increase costs. Lean accounting is based on the addition of value along the supply chain.
  • Managerial Accounting Decisions: Outsourcing Relevant costing is of great assistance to analyze what needs to be outsourced as well as the impact on the company’s revenues.
  • Managerial Accounting Environment-Projecting Profits All the fixed costs are then subtracted from the value of the contribution margin to obtain the value of the net profit or loss of the period.
  • Managerial Accounting Analysis: The Boeing Company and Uber Company The corporation has developed to become one of the leading aircraft producers in the world, alongside Europe’s Airbus. However, in the case of Boeing, its quick ratio is 0.
  • Managerial Accounting Tools in the UAE Telecommunications Sector The telecommunications sector of the country has been rapidly developing in the past decades, and currently, it has two major operators: Etisalat and du.
  • The Coca-Cola Company’s Managerial Accounting In this regard, the suitability of the adopted cost allocation strategy is influenced by the nature of the products and the consistency of the production process.
  • Managerial Accounting: Transfer Price Analysis of CMI The main strength of such a method is the fact that it factors in market trends and forces, which incentivizes manufacturers to be more competitive with external suppliers.
  • Managerial Accounting Reporting Requirements This separation is due to the difference in goals and objectives, solved in the interests of external and internal users of information.
  • Managerial Accounting in Business Thus, one of the tools that can help achieve the best results is the use of managerial accounting. Moreover, the opportunity to predict the future of the company and how specific actions can financially cripple […]
  • Financial and Managerial Accounting in Business Administration In 1 Peza Inc, I was introduced to both kinds of accounting financial and management. In addition, being responsible for payrolls in the company enhanced my confidence and deepened my knowledge of financial accounting.
  • Managerial Accounting Mid-Term Practice Solution
  • Analyzing Managerial Accounting Can Help Managers With Product Costing
  • How Managerial Accounting Can Help Managers
  • Managerial Accounting and Financial Accounting: Role of Ethics in Accounting
  • Applying Personal Managerial Accounting Problems
  • Budget Variance Analysis in Managerial Accounting
  • How Marriage Between GAAP & IFRS Can Effect Managerial Accounting
  • Managerial Accounting: Insurance Australia Group Limited
  • Financial and Managerial Accounting Comparison
  • Differences Between Cost Accounting and Managerial Accounting
  • Managerial Accounting Systems and Organizational Control: A Role Perspective
  • How Merger Models Incorporate Managerial Accounting
  • Managerial Accounting and Its Techniques Analysis
  • Critical Aspects Regarding the Implementation of Managerial Accounting Systems
  • Difference Between Decision Making With Managerial Accounting
  • Managerial Accounting: Management Formulation and Implementation
  • Efficient Contracting, Earnings Smoothing, and Managerial Accounting Discretion
  • The Link Between Financial Accounting and Managerial Accounting Systems
  • Managerial Accounting: Important Part of an Organization’s Management Information System
  • How Managerial Accounting Adds Value to an Organization
  • Relations Between Managerial Accounting and Activity-Based Costing System
  • Managerial Accounting: The Cornerstone of Business Decision-Making
  • Correlation Between Managerial Accounting and Business Ethics
  • Managerial Accounting and Environmental Performance of Bakery Companies
  • Comparison of Managerial Accounting and Organizational Controls
  • Importance of Managerial Accounting in the Business Environment
  • Managerial Accounting Concepts and Principles
  • Depiction of Managerial Accounting Performance Measures
  • Managerial Accounting: Service Cost Allocations
  • Technology Tools and Their Effects on Managerial Accounting
  • Organizing Public Good Provision: Lessons From Managerial Accounting
  • Student Perceptions About Computerized Testing in Introductory Managerial Accounting
  • Successful Managerial Accounting Practices, the Antecedents, and Consequences
  • The Differences Between Financial Accounting and Managerial Accounting
  • Justification of Need for Managerial Accounting Systems
  • The Relation Between Controllership and Managerial Accounting
  • The Use and Importance of Managerial Accounting
  • Importance of Total Quality Management in Managerial Accounting
  • Using Managerial Accounting Concepts to Build a Successful Business
  • What Are the Two Major Uses of Managerial Accounting?
  • Chicago (A-D)
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international accounting essay topics

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    Below is a list of the nine accounting standards that have to be strictly followed by any company that seeks to comply with the International Financial Reporting Standards in its accounting function. They include: "IAS 1 - Presentation of financial statements. IAS 2 - Inventories. IAS 3 - Cash flow statements.

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    Choosing best accounting research topics. This list of 100 accounting research topics is a great starting point. Not only is the list curated by our leading academic experts, but it also represents the latest accounting topics in the field. Have a look at our selection and see if you feel inspired to come up with some ideas of your own, or ...

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    International Accounting. This is defined in the International Accounting Standards (IAS) as "the amount at which the financial asset or financial liability is measured at initial recognition minus principal repayments, plus or minus the cumulative amortization … , and minus any reduction for impairment or uncollectibility.".

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  14. International Accounting Issues

    International Accounting Issues. 1. Executive Summary: Due to the global business expansion, management opportunities have grown and enhanced each day and issues and abuses have occurred. Therefore, I will try to explore how Earning Management works within finance and, will relate it with the principles of accounting.

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  17. 71 Managerial Accounting Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

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