Compiler Design MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions)

Here are 1000 MCQs on Compiler Design (Chapterwise) .

Chapterwise Multiple Choice Questions on Compiler Design

Compiler Design MCQ - Multiple Choice Questions and Answers

1. MCQ on Compiler Introduction

The section contains Compiler Design multiple choice questions and answers on finite automata and regular expressions, cross compilers, lexical analysis and relations.

2. Compiler Design MCQ on Finite Automata and Regular Expression

The section contains Compiler Design questions and answers on lexical analyser, finite automata, nfa with epsilon as well as minimization of dfa, regular expressions and transformation from nfa to dfa.

3. Compiler Design Multiple Choice Questions on Contextfree Grammar and Syntax Analysis

The section contains Compiler Design MCQs on syntax analyser, context free grammar, regular grammar as well as right left grammar.

4. Compiler Design MCQ on Topdown Parsing

The section contains Compiler Design multiple choice questions and answers on top-down parsing with its predictives.

5. Compiler Design Multiple Choice Questions on Bottom Up Parsing

The section contains Compiler Design questions and answers on bottom-up parsing, right sentinel grammar, l-r parser and parsing table data structures.

6. Compiler Design MCQ on Syntax Directed Definition and Translations

The section contains Compiler Design MCQs on syntax directed definitions and translations, intermediate code generation, three address, implementation of increment and decrement, array reference and switch cases.

7. Compiler Design Multiple Choice Questions on Symbol Table

The section contains Compiler Design multiple choice questions and answers on symbol table management as well as symbol table organization and run time storage.

8. Compiler Design MCQ on Storage Management

The section contains Compiler Design questions and answers on storage, stack and static allocations.

9. Compiler Design Multiple Choice Questions on Error Handling

The section contains Compiler Design MCQs on error handling, lexical phase errors, automatic error recovery with yacc and also l-r phase, predictive parsing error recovery.

10. Compiler Design MCQ on Code Optimisation

The section contains Compiler Design multiple choice questions and answers on code optimization, elimination of induction variables, eliminating global common subexpressions, loop optimization, unrolling and jamming.

11. Compiler Design Multiple Choice Questions on Code Generation

The section contains Compiler Design questions and answers on code generation, machine model, using dag as code generation and peephole optimization.

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Compiler Design

Assignment Questions

compiler design assignment questions and answers

Explain SEmantic Analyzer and Intermediate code generator in terms of compiler design ... please answer

Compiler Design - CS8602

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Compiler Design

Compiler Design

Unit i : introduction to compilers, unit ii : syntax analysis, unit iii : intermediate code generation, unit iv : run time environment and code generation, unit v : code optimization, for extra reference, compilers principles techniques and tools by alfred v aho monica s lam ravi sethi jeffrey d ullman, chapter 1 : introduction, chapter 2 : simple syntax directed translator, chapter 3 : lexical analysis, chapter 4 : syntax analysis, chapter 5 : syntax directed translation, chapter 6 : intermediate code generation, chapter 7 : run time environments, chapter 8 : code generation, chapter 9 : machine independent optimizations, chapter 10 : instruction level parallelism, chapter 11 : optimizing for parallelism and locality, chapter 12 : interprocedural analysis.

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Home » COMPILER DESIGN Questions » 300+ TOP Compiler Design Interview Questions and Answer

300+ TOP Compiler Design Interview Questions and Answer

Compiler design interview questions :-.

1. What is a compiler?

A compiler is a program that reads a program written in one language –the source language and translates it into an equivalent program in another language-the target language. The compiler reports to its user the presence of errors in the source program.

2. What are the two parts of a compilation? Explain briefly.

Analysis and Synthesis are the two parts of compilation.

3. List the subparts or phases of analysis part.

Analysis consists of three phases:

4. Depict diagrammatically how a language is processed.

Skeletal source program

Preprocessor

Source program

Target assembly program

Relocatable machine code

Loader/ link editor ←library, relocatable object files

Absolute machine code

5. What is linear analysis?

Linear analysis is one in which the stream of characters making up the source program is read from left to right and grouped into tokens that are sequences of characters having a collective meaning.

Also called lexical analysis or scanning .

COMPILER DESIGN Questions and Answers

6. List the various phases of a compiler.

The following are the various phases of a compiler:

7. What are the classifications of a compiler?

Compilers are classified as:

8. What is a symbol table?

A symbol table is a data structure containing a record for each identifier, with fields for the attributes of the identifier. The data structure allows us to find the record for each identifier quickly and to store or retrieve data from that record quickly.

Whenever an identifier is detected by a lexical analyzer, it is entered into the symbol table. The attributes of an identifier cannot be determined by the lexical analyzer.

9. Mention some of the cousins of a compiler.

Cousins of the compiler are:

10. List the phases that constitute the front end of a compiler.

The front end consists of those phases or parts of phases that depend primarily on the source language and are largely independent of the target machine. These include

A certain amount of code optimization can be done by the front end as well. Also includes error handling that goes along with each of these phases.

11. Mention the back-end phases of a compiler.

The back end of compiler includes those portions that depend on the target machine and generally those portions do not depend on the source language, just the intermediate language. These include

12. Define compiler-compiler.

Systems to help with the compiler-writing process are often been referred to as compiler-compilers, compiler-generators or translator-writing systems.

Largely they are oriented around a particular model of languages , and they are suitable for generating compilers of languages similar model.

13. List the various compiler construction tools .

The following is a list of some compiler construction tools:

14. Differentiate tokens, patterns, lexeme.

15. List the operations on languages.

16. Write a regular expression for an identifier.

An identifier is defined as a letter followed by zero or more letters or digits.

The regular expression for an identifier is given as

letter (letter | digit)*

17. Mention the various notational shorthands for representing regular expressions.

18. What is the function of a hierarchical analysis?

Hierarchical analysis is one in which the tokens are grouped hierarchically into nested collections with collective meaning.

19. What does a semantic analysis do?

Semantic analysis is one in which certain checks are performed to ensure that components of a program fit together meaningfully.

Mainly performs type checking.

20. List the various error recovery strategies for a lexical analysis.

Possible error recovery actions are:

21. Explain parser. Hierarchical analysis is one in which the tokens are grouped hierarchically into nested collections with collective meaning.

Also termed as Parsing .

22. Mention the basic issues in parsing. There are two important issues in parsing.

23. Why lexical and syntax analyzers are separated out? Reasons for separating the analysis phase into lexical and syntax analyzers:

24. Define a context free grammar. A context free grammar G is a collection of the following

· V is a set of non terminals · T is a set of terminals · S is a start symbol · P is a set of production rules G can be represented as G = (V,T,S,P)

Production rules are given in the following form

Non terminal → (V U T)*

25. Briefly explain the concept of derivation. Derivation from S means generation of string w from S. For constructing derivation two things are important.

i) Choice of non terminal from several others.

ii) Choice of rule from production rules for corresponding non terminal.

Instead of choosing the arbitrary non terminal one can choose

i) either leftmost derivation – leftmost non terminal in a sentinel form

ii) or rightmost derivation – rightmost non terminal in a sentinel form

26. Define ambiguous grammar. A grammar G is said to be ambiguous if it generates more than one parse tree for some sentence of language L(G).

i.e. both leftmost and rightmost derivations are same for the given sentence.

27. What is a operator precedence parser? A grammar is said to be operator precedence if it possess the following properties:

1. No production on the right side is ε.

2. There should not be any production rule possessing two adjacent non terminals at the right hand side.

28. List the properties of LR parser. 1. LR parsers can be constructed to recognize most of the programming languages for which the context free grammar can be written.

2. The class of grammar that can be parsed by LR parser is a superset of class of grammars that can be parsed using predictive parsers.

3. LR parsers work using non backtracking shift reduce technique yet it is efficient one.

29. Mention the types of LR parser.

30. What are the problems with top down parsing? The following are the problems associated with top down parsing:

31. Write the algorithm for FIRST and FOLLOW.

1. If X is terminal, then FIRST(X) IS {X}.

2. If X → ε is a production, then add ε to FIRST(X).

3. If X is non terminal and X → Y1,Y2..Yk is a production, then place a in FIRST(X) if for some i , a is in FIRST(Yi) , and ε is in all of FIRST(Y1),…FIRST(Yi-1);

1. Place $ in FOLLOW(S),where S is the start symbol and $ is the input right endmarker.

2. If there is a production A → αBβ, then everything in FIRST(β) except for ε is placed in FOLLOW(B).

3. If there is a production A → αB, or a production A→ αBβ where FIRST(β) contains ε , then everything in FOLLOW(A) is in FOLLOW(B).

32. List the advantages and disadvantages of operator precedence parsing. Advantages

This typeof parsing is simple to implement.

Disadvantages

1. The operator like minus has two different precedence(unary and binary).Hence it is hard to handle tokens like minus sign.

2. This kind of parsing is applicable to only small class of grammars.

33. What is dangling else problem? Ambiguity can be eliminated by means of dangling-else grammar which is show below:

stmt → if expr then stmt

| if expr then stmt else stmt

34. Write short notes on YACC. YACC is an automatic tool for generating the parser program.

YACC stands for Yet Another Compiler Compiler which is basically the utility available from UNIX.

Basically YACC is LALR parser generator.

It can report conflict or ambiguities in the form of error messages.

35. What is meant by handle pruning? A rightmost derivation in reverse can be obtained by handle pruning.

If w is a sentence of the grammar at hand, then w = γn, where γn is the nth right-sentential form of some as yet unknown rightmost derivation

S = γ0 => γ1…=> γn-1 => γn = w

36. Define LR(0) items. An LR(0) item of a grammar G is a production of G with a dot at some position of the right side. Thus, production A → XYZ yields the four items

37. What is meant by viable prefixes? The set of prefixes of right sentential forms that can appear on the stack of a shift-reduce parser are called viable prefixes. An equivalent definition of a viable prefix is that it is a prefix of a right sentential form that does not continue past the right end of the rightmost handle of that sentential form.

38. Explain handle. A handle of a string is a substring that matches the right side of a production, and whose reduction to the nonterminal on the left side of the production represents one step along the reverse of a rightmost derivation.

A handle of a right – sentential form γ is a production A→β and a position of γ where the string β may be found and replaced by A to produce the previous right-sentential form in a rightmost derivation of γ. That is , if S =>αAw =>αβw,then A→β in the position following α is a handle of αβw.

39. What are kernel & non-kernel items? Kernel items, whish include the initial item, S’→ .S, and all items whose dots are not at the left end.

Non-kernel items, which have their dots at the left end.

40. What is phrase level error recovery? Phrase level error recovery is implemented by filling in the blank entries in the predictive parsing table with pointers to error routines. These routines may change, insert, or delete symbols on the input and issue appropriate error messages. They may also pop from the stack.

41. What are the benefits of intermediate code generation? A Compiler for different machines can be created by attaching different back end to the existing front ends of each machine. A Compiler for different source languages can be created by proving different front ends for corresponding source languages t existing back end. A machine independent code optimizer can be applied to intermediate code in order to optimize the code generation.

42. What are the various types of intermediate code representation? There are mainly three types of intermediate code representations.

43. Define backpatching. Backpatching is the activity of filling up unspecified information of labels using appropriate semantic actions in during the code generation process.In the semantic actions the functions used are mklist(i),merge_list(p1,p2) and backpatch(p,i)

44. Mention the functions that are used in backpatching. · mklist(i) creates the new list. The index i is passed as an argument to this function where I is an index to the array of quadruple. · merge_list(p1,p2) this function concatenates two lists pointed by p1 and p2. It returns the pointer to the concatenated list. · backpatch(p,i) inserts i as target label for the statement pointed by pointer p.

45. What is the intermediate code representation for the expression a or b and not c? The intermediate code representation for the expression a or b and not c is the three address sequence

t1 := not c

t2 := b and t1

t3 := a or t2

46. What are the various methods of implementing three address statements? The three address statements can be implemented using the following methods.

47. Give the syntax-directed definition for if-else statement. 1. S → if E then S1

E.true := new_label()

E.false :=S.next

S1.next :=S.next

S.code :=E.code | | gen_code(E.true ‘: ‘) | | S1.code

2. S → if E then S1 else S2

E.false := new_label()

S2.next :=S.next

S.code :=E.code | | gen_code(E.true ‘: ‘) | | S1.code| | gen_code(‘go to’,S.next) | |gen_code(E.false ‘:’) | | S2.code

Compiler Design – Set 4

48. Mention the properties that a code generator should possess.

49. List the terminologies used in basic blocks.

50. What is a flow graph? A flow graph is a directed graph in which the flow control information is added to the basic blocks.

51. What is a DAG? Mention its applications. Directed acyclic graph(DAG) is a useful data structure for implementing transformations on basic blocks.

DAG is used in

52. Define peephole optimization. Peephole optimization is a simple and effective technique for locally improving target code. This technique is applied to improve the performance of the target program by examining the short sequence of target instructions and replacing these instructions by shorter or faster sequence.

53. List the characteristics of peephole optimization.

54. How do you calculate the cost of an instruction? The cost of an instruction can be computed as one plus cost associated with the source and destination addressing modes given by added cost.

MOV R0,R1 1

SUB 5(R0),*10(R1) 3

55. What is a basic block? A basic block is a sequence of consecutive statements in which flow of control enters at the beginning and leaves at the end without halt or possibility of branching.

Eg. t1:=a*5

56. How would you represent the following equation using DAG? a:=b*-c+b*-c

Compiler Design – Set 5

57. Mention the issues to be considered while applying the techniques for code optimization.

58. What are the basic goals of code movement? To reduce the size of the code i.e. to obtain the space complexity. To reduce the frequency of execution of code i.e. to obtain the time complexity.

59. What do you mean by machine dependent and machine independent optimization?

60. What are the different data flow properties?

61. List the different storage allocation strategies. The strategies are:

62. What are the contents of activation record? The activation record is a block of memory used for managing the information needed by a single execution of a procedure. Various fields f activation record are:

63. What is dynamic scoping? In dynamic scoping a use of non-local variable refers to the non-local data declared in most recently called and still active procedure. Therefore each time new findings are set up for local names called procedure. In dynamic scoping symbol tables can be required at run time.

64. Define symbol table. Symbol table is a data structure used by the compiler to keep track of semantics of the variables. It stores information about scope and binding information about names.

65. What is code motion? Code motion is an optimization technique in which amount of code in a loop is decreased. This transformation is applicable to the expression that yields the same result independent of the number of times the loop is executed. Such an expression is placed before the loop.

66. What are the properties of optimizing compiler? The source code should be such that it should produce minimum amount of target code.

There should not be any unreachable code.

Dead code should be completely removed from source language.

The optimizing compilers should apply following code improving transformations on source language.

i) common subexpression elimination

ii) dead code elimination

iii) code movement

iv) strength reduction

67. What are the various ways to pass a parameter in a function?

68. Suggest a suitable approach for computing hash function. Using hash function we should obtain exact locations of name in symbol table.

The hash function should result in uniform distribution of names in symbol table.

The hash function should be such that there will be minimum number of collisions. Collision is such a situation where hash function results in same location for storing the names.

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Compiler Design GATE Questions

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Compiler Design is an interesting topic covered in the GATE CSE Question Paper, and candidates are encouraged to solve and practise these Compiler Design GATE questions. Some of the main concepts that constitute the Compiler Design questions are Lexical Analysis, Code Generation and Optimization, Parsing and more. Candidates are also advised to refer to the collection of Compiler Design GATE Questions and Answers that we have compiled here in this article below.

Candidates can refer to these Compiler Design Questions and Answers for GATE, so that they will get the best results. Compiler Design is a crucial topic covered in the GATE CSE question paper. Solving these questions will help the candidates to prepare more proficiently for the GATE exams. Meanwhile, candidates can find the GATE Questions for Compiler Design in this article below to solve and practise thoroughly for the exams. They can refer to these GATE previous year question papers and start preparing for the exams.

Note: We shall be updating the answers/ solutions for these questions soon.

Compiler Design GATE Questions with Solutions

From The Compiler Design Topic of the GATE CSE Question Paper

MCQ- Single Answer Questions

1. Match the following:

2. Look at these statements given below. Which of these are true?

I. A programming language that does not permit global variables of any kind and has no nesting of procedures/functions, but permits recursion can be implemented with static storage allocation

II. Multi-level access link (or display) arrangement is needed to arrange activation records only if the programming language being implemented has nesting of procedures/functions

III. Recursion in programming languages cannot be implemented with dynamic storage allocation

IV. Nesting procedures/functions and recursion require a dynamic heap allocation scheme and cannot be implemented with a stack-based allocation scheme for activation records

V. Programming languages which permit a function to return a function as its result cannot be implemented with a stack-based storage allocation scheme for activation records

3. Choose the correct statement from the following.

4. A linker is assigned object modules for a set of programs that were compiled separately. So, what is the information that needs to be included in an object module?

5. Take a look at the basic block given below.

e = d – b

In this basic block given above, the respective minimum number of nodes and edges present in the DAG representation are_____

6. Which are the languages that necessarily need heap allocation in the runtime environment?

7. ________ is not an advantage of using shared, dynamically linked libraries as opposed to using statically linked libraries.

8. What are the number of tokens that will be generated by the scanner for the below given statement?

x = x ∗ (a + b) – 5

9. What is the data structure in a compiler used for managing information about variables and their attributes?

10. When is the symbol table, generated in a two-pass assembler?

11. _______ phase of compiler generates stream of atoms.

12. What is the kind of derivation used by LR parsers?

13. What is the output of a lexical analyser?

14. From the below given data: a b b a a b b a a b which is not a word in the dictionary created by LZ-coding (the initial words are a, b)?

15. ________ among these listed below is a top-down parser.

16. One of the purposes of using intermediate code in compilers is to________

17. What is the least number of temporary variables required to create a three-address code in static single assignment form for the expression q+r/3+s−t∗5+u∗v/w?

18. Debugger is a programming language that______

19. Which among these is required to convert an infix expression to the postfix form efficiently?

20. A CFG is not closed under ___________

21 . Which of the following is incorrect for the actions of A LR-Parser

ii) reduce A->ß

iii) Accept

iv) reject?

22. Consider the grammar, E → E + n | E × n | n. For a sentence n + n × n, the handles in the right-sentential form of the reduction are________

23. Which of the following grammar rules violate the requirements of an operator grammar ? P, Q, R are non-terminals, and r, s, t are terminals.

ii) P → Q s R

iv) P → Q t R r

(a) i) only

(b) i) and iii) only

(c) ii) and iii) only

(d) iii) and iv) only

24 . Look at the following code segment.

x = u – t;

y = t – z;

What is the minimum number of total variables required to convert the above code segment to static single assignment form?

25. Some code optimizations are carried out on the intermediate code because____

26 . State if the given statement is true or false: R->R|T T->ε is an ambiguous grammar

27. If a state does not know whether it will make a shift operation or reduction for a terminal, it is _________

28. The construction of the canonical collection of the sets of LR (1) items and LR (0) items are similar. Which of these will be an exception?

29. Which among these is the most powerful parsing method?

30. Which of these classes of statements below usually produces no executable code when compiled?

31. Which of these below given statements about peephole optimisation is true?

32 . Linking:

33. In compiler terminology, what does reduction in strength mean?

34. What is the graph that shows basic blocks and their successor relationship, called as?

35. Loop unrolling is a code optimisation technique:

36. Consider the grammar rule E → E1 – E2 for arithmetic expressions. The code generated is targeted to a CPU having a single user register. The subtraction operation requires the first operand to be in the register. If E1 and E2 do not have any common sub expression, in order to get the shortest possible code,___

37. What is the identification of common sub-expression and replacement of runtime computations by compile-time computations?

38. Who has the responsibility for code optimisation?

39. What is the dead- code elimination in machine code optimisation referred to?

40. Which of these below given operations are not performed during compilation?

41. Substitution of values for names who have constant values are done in_____

42. In which, are the bodies of the two loops merged together to form a single loop, provided that they do not make any references to each other?

43 . What is the maximum number of reduce moves that can be taken by a bottom-up parser for a grammar with no epsilon and unit-production (i.e., of type A→ϵ and A→a) to parse a string with n tokens?

44. The number of tokens in the Fortran statement DO 10 I = 1.25 is_____

45. Which one of the following statements is false?

46. Look at the below given statements :

S1 : The front end of compiler consists of Lexical analyser , Syntax analyser and semantic analyser.

S2 : Target code generator is known as the back-end of compiler.

S3 : Code optimizer is middle end of compiler and is a optional phase in compiler.

Which among these above given option is correct ?

47. Which of the following menu types are also known as drop-down menus?

48. Data is stored in computer as______

49. The register or the main memory location that contains the effective address of the operand is known as________

50. What is object code the output of?

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Compiler Design Interview Questions

If you're looking for Compiler Design Interview Questions for experienced or freshers, you have come to the correct place. You can use the Compiler Interview Questions to ace your next interview and land the job of your dreams as a compiler developer. There are several job chances available from many reputable businesses worldwide. All the frequently asked compiler design interview questions are obtained from technical experts and google sources.

Compiler design is the process of converting a high-level programming language into computer-executable machine code. The process of converting source code written in one programming language (the source language) into code written in another computer language (the target language) is known as compiling.

Practice the top Compiler Design Interview Questions that are useful for your Interview preparation. If you're applying for a position requiring compiler design knowledge, you must be prepared to address questions about the topic. This article will provide frequently asked questions about compiler design interviews and how to respond to them. 

Before moving on to more in-depth, technical questions, interviewers can better grasp your personality by asking general questions like compiler design. We have categorized the compiler design interview questions based on the following:

Top 10 Frequently Asked Compiler Design Interview Questions

Top Interview Questions for Fresher Graduates

1) what is a compiler.

A computer program called a compiler converts source code written in a high-level language into a low-level machine language.

Compiler

2) What is compiler design?

Compiler design involves developing software that can read and interpret source code written in a human language and produce binary code that can be read and understood by a computer. A compiler is a tool responsible for this transformation; it reads the source code, checks it for mistakes, and outputs the program in machine language. The generated binary code can be directly used on a computer without extra processing.

3) List various types of compilers.

There are three types of compilers are described below:

4) What is an assembler?

When run on a computer, programs written in assembly language are converted into machine language using a piece of software known as an assembler.

5) What is a Symbol Table?

A symbol table is a database in which each identifier is represented by a record that includes fields for the identifier's attributes. Because of the database's organization, we can easily store or get information from the correct record based on identification. A lexical analyzer will add an identifier to the symbol table whenever it finds one. A lexical analyzer cannot deduce an identifier's properties.

6) What tools are used for writing compilers in Python?

The PLY toolkit is now the most widely used tool for creating compilers in Python. PLY is an implementation in Python of the well-known C tools Lex and Yacc, which are used for writing compilers in C.

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7) What Is Code Motion?

Code motion is an optimization approach whereby a loop's total number of lines of code is reduced. Any expression that finishes with the same value after being run through the loop can benefit from this change. You can find this kind of statement right before the loop.

8) Explain what YACC is?

The YACC is a construction tool for the Unix compiler. It is put to use in the process of generating a parser, a piece of software that determines whether or not the source code for a program is valid by the syntactic rules of the language. In most cases, YACC is used in conjunction with the lexical analyzer tool, which produces a lexer.

9) Differentiate Tokens, Patterns, and Lexeme.

10) What Are The Benefits Of Intermediate Code Generation?

11) What are the six phases of a compiler?

The 6 phases of a compiler are:

Phases of Compiler

12) What are the two types of compiler design?

The two types of compiler design are:

13) What is meant by three address codes in the compiler?

As an intermediate code, three-address code is simple to produce and even simpler to translate into machine language. An expression can be represented by no more than three addresses and a single operator. The value computed at each instruction is saved in a temporary variable established by the compiler.

14) What are the compiler design tools?

The tools used for compiler construction are as follows:

15) Describe the Front End Of A Compiler?

A compiler's front end comprises the components of stages that are mainly device-independent and typically rely on the source language. The front end can also be used for some code optimization. Includes dealing with errors at each of those steps as well. Such factors include

16) Describe the Back-end Phases Of A Compiler?

The back-end phases of a compiler consist of the parts specific to the targeted machine that does not rely on the source language but on the intermediate language. One such example is:

17) Which language is used in compiler design?

A user creates a program using the C programming language (high-level language). The software is compiled using the C compiler, which then transforms it into an assembly program (low-level language). Afterward, software called an assembler converts the assembly program into machine code (object).

18) What tools are used for compiler construction?

Tools for creating compilers are the same as those for creating other programming languages like Java and C++. Examples of this are:

19) What is bootstrapping in compiler design?

Bootstrapping is a type of compiler design in which the compiler uses an in-house language to implement the entire language rather than a different language for each language being compiled.

20) Can you explain context-free grammar and its importance in compiler design?

Grammar is a set of rules that specify how a language might be formed. A context-free grammar is a type of grammar. It is an important point in the design of compilers since the compiler needs to comprehend the structure of the programming language it is translating into machine code to do it accurately.

Context-free Grammar

Top Interview Questions for Experienced Professionals

21) what is sdd in compiler design.

A type of abstract specification is called syntax-directed definition (SDD). It is an extension of context-free grammar where each grammar production X -> a has a set of production rules connected with the type s = f(b1, b2,......bk) where s is the attribute acquired from function f. A string, number, type, or memory location can be used as the attribute. Semantic rules are code snippets typically added at the end of production and enclosed in curly brackets.

Example: E --> E1 + T { E.val = E1.val + T.val}

22) What Is syntax in compiler design?

After lexical analysis, the second phase is syntax analysis or parsing. It examines whether or not the input has been provided in a way that complies with the syntax rules of the language in which it has been written by analyzing the syntactic structure of the data that has been provided.

23) What is Parsing in Compiler Design? 

The process of moving information from one format to another is called "parsing." Parsing can complete this task automatically. The parser is a part of the translator that helps to arrange the linear structure of the text by a predetermined set of rules called grammar.

24) What is lexical analysis?

The technique of determining which lexemes are present in a sentence is known as lexical analysis. Words and morphemes are common names for lexemes, the more fundamental units of meaning in a language. Lexemes are also sometimes referred to as morphemes. Lexical analysis is used not just for studying written texts and phrases spoken aloud. However, it also has applications for analyzing the spoken language used in naturalistic research.

Lexical Analysis

25) What is an overview of the structure of a typical compiler?

Lexical analyzers, code generators, parsers, and optimizers are the backbone of any compiler. Each line of code is parsed into individual tokens by the lexical analyzer. The parser then analyzes the code's structure and produces a code tree. After the code tree is constructed, the code generator converts it into machine code or assembly language. The final step is for the optimizer to examine the resulting code and perform any necessary optimizations.

26) What is a linker?

A linker is a piece of software that helps connect many files. When you want to automate the process of merging two or more files, for example, when integrating a program with its data file, this is the method that is typically used.

27) What are the two parts of a compilation?

The front matter and contents comprise the two components of a compilation.

Front Matter: The first part of a book is called the front case, and it includes details such as the author's name, the book's title, the publishing date, and information on the author's copyright. Content: The contents of a book include everything that can be found in the central part of the text, such as the chapters, sections, and appendices.

28) What are compilers and interpreters?

Compiler and Interpreters

29) Why is parsing important for compiler design?

As the process of transforming code from one form to another, parsing is important to compiler design. A compiler must be capable of parsing the code to comprehend and produce the correct output.

30) Define Compiler-compiler.

Compiler-compilers, compiler-generators, and translator-writing systems are all names that have been used to refer to different types of software that assist in developing compilers. To a large extent, they are centered on a specific model of languages. As a result, they are suited for the generation of compilers for languages that share a similar model.

31) What is the fastest compiler language?

C++ is an easy and efficient programming language. Its fast runtime and extensive collection of Standard Template Libraries make it a favorite among competitive programmers (STL).

32) What are the properties of optimizing a compiler?

The properties of an optimizing compiler are:

33) What are the basic goals of code movement?

The primary objectives of code movement are to guarantee that the source code will be preserved and made accessible to the developers of the project, as well as to guarantee that the output of a program that is executed on one platform will be compatible with the output generated by programs running on other platforms.

34) List the various compiler construction tools.

35) Write a regular expression for an identifier?

Let's say that a regular expression for an identifier is something like /[a-z]+$/, for example. In that scenario, the identifier will be checked against the string "a-z" + to establish whether or not it is a legitimate identifier. If it is not legitimate, the resulting string should not be considered a match if it does not match the pattern /[a-z]+$/. If it does match, it should be deemed a match.

36) What are some examples of compile-time and runtime errors?

Any fault during the software compilation process is a compile-time error. Any error that occurs while a program is being executed is referred to as a runtime error. 

Examples : Syntax mistakes, type errors, and name errors are all examples of errors that might occur during the compilation process. Error during the runtime includes illegal type conversion, division by zero, and indexing outside the allowed range.

37) What does semantic analysis do?

Semantic analysis is an essential component of compiler design. It analyzes the significance of the logical structure of a program and then disassembles it into its parts. It assists in comprehending how the program operates and its tasks and ensuring that the compiler generates code that adheres to the structure.

38) What are the various types of intermediate code representation?

When a high-level language is represented as an intermediate code, it is translated into a simpler language. It is also translated into other languages and called a compilation.

It's common to practice using a variety of intermediate code representations in the programming field. Examples of this are:

39) Can you explain what syntax and semantics mean in the context of compiler design?

While semantics relates to the meaning of the language, syntax refers to the rules guiding the structure of a programming language. A compiler must comprehend both the syntax and semantics of the source and destination languages to translate code from one language to another correctly.

40) What Are The Properties Of Optimizing Compilers?

Frequently Asked Questions

41) can you explain the various function parameter passing options.

42) Define Symbol Table.

A symbol table is a type of data structure that the compiler uses to track how the variables are used. It keeps records of names and information about how they are used and bound.

43) What is the Application of Compilers?

Here are some important applications of Compilers:

44) Which language is used in compiler design?

45) why is compiler design used.

The principles of compiler design provide an in-depth look at the translation and optimization processes. The design of a compiler includes the primary translation mechanism, error detection, and recovery. It includes frontend lexical, syntax, semantic analysis, back-end code generation, and optimization.

46) Is compiler design difficult?

The process of building a compiler is a difficult one. A good compiler takes concepts from formal language theory, the study of algorithms, artificial intelligence, systems design, computer architecture, and the theory of programming languages and applies them to translate a program. Other areas of expertise include studying artificial intelligence and computer systems design.

47) What is Backpatching in compiler design?

Backpatching involves filling in blanks with unclear information. Label information is provided here. In essence, it generates code by performing the relevant semantic activities. When constructing TACs for the supplied expressions, it may mention the Label's address in goto statements.

48) Is the compiler software or hardware?

The compiler is a piece of software that takes a program written in a high-level language (the Source Language) and translates it to a low-level language (the Object/Target/Machine Language/0, 1's).

49) Who compiles the compiler?

An assembler and machine code can be used to create a very basic compiler. You can use the initial compiler to create a more complex one once you have software that can convert data into binary instructions.

50) What is an example of a compiler?

Examples of compilers are Java, C, C++, and C#.

51) What is a linker in compiler design?

When many object files (created by a compiler or an assembler) need to be combined into a single executable file, library file, or other "object" file, a linker or link editor is the computer system tool used to do so.

To get a job as a compiler designer, you may need to go through an interview process. Preparing a Compiler design interview questions and answers that interviewers may ask can help you answer them confidently and advance to the next interview stage. This compiler design interview questions tutorial will teach you the fundamentals of compiler design and advanced concepts such as component and architect to help you ace the interview.

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Top 50+ Compiler Design questions and answers | set -1

MCQ2022 Complier Design , Computer-Engineering 0

Here we are going to see a list of important Compiler Design questions and answers for competitive exams and interviews. These frequently asked Software Testing multiple-choice Questions for job interviews and placement tests also helpful for college and competitive exams and also improve your knowledge.

11. ______________ is not an advantage of using shared, dynamically linked libraries as opposed to using statically linked libraries.

3. Existing programs need not be relinked to take advantage of newer versions

12. Which of the following statements about peephole optimization is False?

4. It can be applied to the portion of the code that is not contiguous

13. In the correct grammar from question 23 to generate the string al bm with l ≠ m, the length of the derivation (number of steps starting from s) is

2. max (l, m) + 2

14. Substitution of values for names (whose values are constants) is done in

3. Constant folding

15. For the expression grammar

3. Precedence of – is higher *

You may be interested in : Top 50+ C Programming MCQ questions

16. which of the following class of statements usually produces no executable code when compiled.

1. declaration

17. The string that is generated by the grammar is

18. the compiler can detect what type of errors.

3. grammatical errors only

19. The number of derivation trees for the correct answer strings to question 30 is

20. fortran programming language is a _______.

2. Context-sensitive language.

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Choose the Right Example. Select a project you've worked on recently, and not one from several years ago. ... Be Specific. ... Explain Your Role Clearly. ... Mistakes You Should Avoid. ... Sample Answers .

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Compiler Design Interview Questions and Answers

A compiler is a program that reads a program written in one language ( source language ) and translates it into another language ( target language ). mostly the compiler is used to generate machine code . and to generate the machine code we have different phases to complete. and to study these phases we have a compiler design subject.

In the technical field, we always have to deal with machine code . so it's very important to read about the compiler design process for any technical field. so here we are including basic to advanced compiler design interview questions and answers .

Compiler Design Interview Questions and Answers

In analyzing the compilation of the PL/I program, the term "Machine independent optimization" is associated with

Answer - (3) creation of the more optimal matrix

In analyzing the compilation of the PL/I program the description "resolving symbolic address (labels) and generating machine language" is associated with

Answer - (1) assembly and output

In analyzing the compilation of the PL/I program the description "creation of more optimal matrix" is associated with

Answer - (4) machine-independent optimization

Which one is not true about syntax and semantic parts of a computer language

Answer - (4) Both (b) and (c) above

Left factoring is the process of factoring out the common

Answer - (4) None of the above

In analyzing the compilation of the PL/I program, the term "lexical analysis" is associated with

Answer - (2) recognition of basic elements and the creation of uniform symbols

Operator-precedence parsing method is a parsing method. Which of the following statement is false about it?

It is a bottom-up parsing method It must contain e-production. It doesn't contain two adjacent nonterminal symbols.

Answer - (2) 2 only

If conversion from one type to another type is done automatically by the compiler then, it is called

Answer - (3) both (a) and (b)

The term "environment" in programming language semantics is said as

Answer - (2) a function that maps a name to a storage location

A nonrelocatable program is one which

Answer - (1) cannot be made to execute in any area of storage other than the one designated for it at the time of its coding or translation

A self relocating program is one which

Answer - (3) can itself perform the relocation of its address-sensitive portions

Answer - (1) is the same as a loader

The translator is best described as

Answer - (2) a system software

Resolution is externally defined symbols is performed by

Answer - (1) Linker

Which of the following derivations does a top-down parser use while parsing an an input string? The input is assumed to be scanned in left to right order.

Answer - (1) Left most derivation

A simple two-pass assembler does which of the following in the first pass?

It allocates space for the literal. It computes the total length of the program. It builds the symbol table for the symbols and their values. It generates code for all the loads and stores register instructions.

Answer - (3) 1, 2 and 3

Generation of intermediate code based on an abstract machine model is useful in compilers because

Answer - (2) syntax-directed translation can be written for intermediate code generation

A compiler is

Answer - (3) a program that accepts a program written in a high-level language and produces an object program

A loader is

Answer - (1) a program that places programs into memory and prepares them for execution

Which of the following are language processors?

Answer - (1) assembler

Note - More questions and answers will be added from time to time.

YASH PAL

Posted by: YASH PAL

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