powerpoint presentation on herbal plants

• My presentations

Auth with social network:

Download presentation

We think you have liked this presentation. If you wish to download it, please recommend it to your friends in any social system. Share buttons are a little bit lower. Thank you!

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 video

Medicinal Plants And Their Uses.

Published by Thomas Hunt Modified over 7 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Medicinal Plants And Their Uses."— Presentation transcript:

Health Benefits: 1. Prevent cancer and heart disease: Honey contains flavonoids, antioxidants which help reduce the risk of some cancers and heart disease.

Aromatherapy A therapy that uses aroma, or essential oils, to improve your quality of life.

● Natural way to take care of health ● 50 to 70 times more powerful than herbs ● Kill viruses and bacteria ● Safe benefits without the side effects ● 100%

Lesson 3 Common Communicable Diseases When you have a cold, the best thing to do is rest, eat nutritious foods, and drink plenty of fluids such as water.

25 Reasons Why You Should Start Drinking Green Tea Now PPS by: Mujtaba Ali Razmi.

25 Reasons Why You Should Start Drinking Green Tea Now BROUGHT TO YOU BY VIPUL DESAI.

Tree teas & remedies. Angiosperms Gymnosperms.

JUSCO SCHOOL SOUTH PARK PRESENTS Parts used: leaves, seeds and roots Uses:  Juice of leaves used in cough, hiccups, respiratory tract disorders.

What You Need to Know Rhonda Stanton – Kaplan University.

VITA - Remove Micro-inflammation

KALAMONGGAY (Moringa) The Miracle Tree A potential life saver Nutritional analysis shows:  Leaves are very high in protein and contain all of the.

Aromatherapy Nabong, Alliana Marie G. Bs Biology 3a.

Medicinal Use of Neem. Introduction of Neem Tall ever green tree  Native to South Asia  Nim, Nimmi, Vepa, Tamarkha  Azadiracta Indica  Melia Azadirachta.

American Aloe Vera Gel By Almasir.

1 2 And they shall be made to drink therein a cup the admixture of which shall be ginger.

Revnexx LLC, USA Introduction to Stevia.

LAVENDER Uses: allergies calming minor burns bruises insomnia bug bites sunburns eczema scarring rashes menstrual cramps diaper rash hair loss Replaces:

Herbal Medicine True or False. Ginseng

Growing herbs will help grow your families health.

HEALTHY HABITS FOR ALL! Eat healthy daily!. WAYS TO MAINTAIN HEALTHY EATING HABITS: Make a schedule Design a food chart from Choosemyplate.gov Buy the.

About project

© 2024 SlidePlayer.com Inc. All rights reserved.

• Popular Categories

Powerpoint Templates

Icon Bundle

Kpi Dashboard

Professional

Business Plans

Swot Analysis

Gantt Chart

Business Proposal

Marketing Plan

Project Management

Business Case

Business Model

Cyber Security

Business PPT

Digital Marketing

Digital Transformation

Human Resources

Product Management

Artificial Intelligence

Company Profile

Acknowledgement PPT

PPT Presentation

Reports Brochures

One Page Pitch

Interview PPT

All Categories

Powerpoint Templates and Google slides for Herbal

Save your time and attract your audience with our fully editable ppt templates and slides..

Presenting this set of slides with name - Essential Oils In Herbal Medicine. This is a three stage process. The stages in this process are Ayurved, Natural, Herbal.

Presenting this set of slides with name - Herbal Medicines For Wellness Icon Ppt. This is a four stage process. The stages in this process are Ayurved, Natural, Herbal.

Presenting this set of slides with name - Medicine Bottle In Herbal Icon. This is a four stage process. The stages in this process are Ayurved, Natural, Herbal.

Presenting this set of slides with name - Icon For Herbal Medicinal Drops. This is a four stage process. The stages in this process are Ayurved, Natural, Herbal.

Presenting this set of slides with name - Herbal Icon For Ayurveda Medicine. This is a two stage process. The stages in this process are Ayurved, Natural, Herbal.

This coloured PowerPoint icon features a mortar and pestle, a traditional tool used for grinding and crushing herbs and spices. It is perfect for presentations related to cooking, health, and wellness.

Presenting this set of slides with name - Aromatherapy In Herbal For Beauty Wellness. This is a four stage process. The stages in this process are Ayurved, Natural, Herbal.

Presenting this set of slides with name - Herbal Tea For Weight Loss. This is a four stage process. The stages in this process are Ayurved, Natural, Herbal.

This PowerPoint icon features a steaming cup of herbal tea in a vibrant yellow colour. Perfect for presentations on health, wellness, and herbal remedies, this icon is a great way to illustrate the benefits of herbal tea.

Give your next presentation a sophisticated, yet modern look with this 100 percent editable Herbal shampoo colored icon in powerpoint pptx png and editable eps format. Choose from a variety of customizable formats such as PPTx, png, eps. You can use these icons for your presentations, banners, templates, One-pagers that suit your business needs.

This PowerPoint icon features a realistic illustration of a tea bag with a bright, colourful design. Perfect for presentations on tea, health, or relaxation, this icon will add a unique visual to your slides.

This is a one stage process. The stages in this process are Organic Growth, Organic Development, Organic Business Growth.

Presenting this set of slides with name Step By Step Herbal Remedies Ppt Powerpoint Presentation Professional Graphic Tips. The topics discussed in these slides are Step By Step Herbal Remedies. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.

Templates act as productivity boosters as they help in getting more work done in a lesser time frame. They are also great design frameworks with everything pre designed. This Powerpoint Theme And Slide With Cup Of Herbal Tea And Flowers is one such layout that can help you meet your goals and expectations in no time. It will provide you with great design elements that are suitable for any scenario consulting marketing sales personal agenda or any other. Not only this but this template layout will help you navigate the most important ideas and streamline your way of presenting. With everything pre laden and fully equipped this design is an absolute steal. The high resolution graphics and images used will empower your message and catch the audiences attention in minutes thereby helping you deliver inspiring presentations. The biggest advantage of this template is that it can be manipulated as per your business understanding. So feel free to adjust it to your terms and conditions once you click on the download button.

Presenting this set of slides with name Ayurveda Herbal Spices As Natural Ailments. The topics discussed in these slides are Ayurveda Herbal, Spices, Natural Ailments. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.

Microsoft PowerPoint Template and Background with cup of herbal tea and chamomile blossoms

Is finding a simple yet elegant template for your next presentation delivery bothering you Then dont worry this Health Alternatives Herbal And Natural As A Preventative Step is the best solution for you to use and include. This multipurpose design will help you meet all your expectations and keep your audience hooked until the end. Present your empowering messages and bring your viewers attention to the points that need due consideration. This layout is assembled in such a way that it will help you convey a lot of complex information in an easily accessible way thus reinforcing the main idea of your delivery more potently. Cues and design ideas can be taken from this visually impactful presentation which confirms your needs and expectations. Not only that but it also renders an assortment of customizations so meeting your audiences standards is the biggest plus point of this template. So go that extra mile and add a touch of creativity to your next delivery with this well crafted design template.

Microsoft PowerPoint Template and Background with mint tea with fresh mint

Presenting this set of slides with name Woman Using Natural Herb Essential Oils On Hand. The topics discussed in these slides is Woman Using Natural Herb Essential Oils On Hand. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.

This Monotone PowerPoint Icon is a simple and stylish design that is perfect for any presentation. It is easy to customize and can be used to add a professional touch to your slides. It is an ideal choice for any business or educational presentation.

Presenting our Herbal Products Guidelines In Powerpoint And Google Slides Cpb PowerPoint template design. This PowerPoint slide showcases four stages. It is useful to share insightful information on Herbal Products Guidelines This PPT slide can be easily accessed in standard screen and widescreen aspect ratios. It is also available in various formats like PDF, PNG, and JPG. Not only this, the PowerPoint slideshow is completely editable and you can effortlessly modify the font size, font type, and shapes according to your wish. Our PPT layout is compatible with Google Slides as well, so download and edit it as per your knowledge.

Presenting Herbal Tea Remedies In Powerpoint And Google Slides Cpb. slide which is completely adaptable. The graphics in this PowerPoint slide showcase five stages that will help you succinctly convey the information. In addition, you can alternate the color, font size, font type, and shapes of this PPT layout according to your content. This PPT presentation can be accessed with Google Slides and is available in both standard screen and widescreen aspect ratios. It is also a useful set to elucidate topics like Herbal Tea Remedies. This well structured design can be downloaded in different formats like PDF, JPG, and PNG. So, without any delay, click on the download button now.

Presenting Define Herbal Medicine Products In Powerpoint And Google Slides Cpb slide which is completely adaptable. The graphics in this PowerPoint slide showcase three stages that will help you succinctly convey the information. In addition, you can alternate the color, font size, font type, and shapes of this PPT layout according to your content. This PPT presentation can be accessed with Google Slides and is available in both standard screen and widescreen aspect ratios. It is also a useful set to elucidate topics like Define Herbal Medicine Products. This well structured design can be downloaded in different formats like PDF, JPG, and PNG. So, without any delay, click on the download button now.

Presenting Best Herbal Tea Weight Loss In Powerpoint And Google Slides Cpb slide which is completely adaptable. The graphics in this PowerPoint slide showcase four stages that will help you succinctly convey the information. In addition, you can alternate the color, font size, font type, and shapes of this PPT layout according to your content. This PPT presentation can be accessed with Google Slides and is available in both standard screen and widescreen aspect ratios. It is also a useful set to elucidate topics like Best Herbal Tea Weight Loss. This well structured design can be downloaded in different formats like PDF, JPG, and PNG. So, without any delay, click on the download button now.

Presenting Herbal Treatment Examples In Powerpoint And Google Slides Cpb slide which is completely adaptable. The graphics in this PowerPoint slide showcase three stages that will help you succinctly convey the information. In addition, you can alternate the color, font size, font type, and shapes of this PPT layout according to your content. This PPT presentation can be accessed with Google Slides and is available in both standard screen and widescreen aspect ratios. It is also a useful set to elucidate topics like Herbal Treatment Examples. This well-structured design can be downloaded in different formats like PDF, JPG, and PNG. So, without any delay, click on the download button now.

Presenting Herbal Supplements Anxiety In Powerpoint And Google Slides Cpb slide which is completely adaptable. The graphics in this PowerPoint slide showcase four stages that will help you succinctly convey the information. In addition, you can alternate the color, font size, font type, and shapes of this PPT layout according to your content. This PPT presentation can be accessed with Google Slides and is available in both standard screen and widescreen aspect ratios. It is also a useful set to elucidate topics like Herbal Supplements Anxiety. This well structured design can be downloaded in different formats like PDF, JPG, and PNG. So, without any delay, click on the download button now.

Presenting this set of slides with name - Herbal With Natural Essential Oils. This is a four stage process. The stages in this process are Ayurved, Natural, Herbal.

Presenting this set of slides with name - Natural Herbs In Herbal Medicines. This is a three stage process. The stages in this process are Ayurved, Natural, Herbal.

Presenting this set of slides with name - Several Herbs And Spices In Herbal. This is a three stage process. The stages in this process are Ayurved, Natural, Herbal.

Make your presentation profoundly eye-catching leveraging our easily customizable Herbal shampoo monotone icon in powerpoint pptx png and editable eps format. It is designed to draw the attention of your audience. Available in all editable formats, including PPTx, png, and eps, you can tweak it to deliver your message with ease.

This colourful PowerPoint icon is perfect for adding a touch of vibrancy to your presentation. It is a high-resolution image that is sure to make your slides stand out. It is easy to use and can be used to bring life to any presentation.

This PowerPoint icon is a vibrant illustration of the ancient Indian holistic healthcare system, Ayurveda. It features a colourful design of a traditional Ayurvedic symbol, representing the balance of mind, body, and spirit.

This Monotone Powerpoint Icon on Ayurveda is a simple yet powerful representation of the ancient Indian medical system. It is perfect for presentations, lectures, and other educational materials. It is a great way to convey the importance of Ayurveda and its holistic approach to health and wellness.

This PowerPoint icon features a colourful illustration of a herbal medicine plant. It is perfect for presentations on natural remedies, herbalism, and alternative medicine. The image is high-resolution and can be used to enhance any presentation.

This monotone PowerPoint icon depicts a mortar and pestle, a tool commonly used to grind herbs for medicinal use. It is a simple and elegant representation of traditional herbal medicine, perfect for presentations on the subject.

This monotone powerpoint icon features a cup of herbal tea, perfect for presentations about healthy living and natural remedies. The icon is simple yet eye catching, and is sure to add a professional touch to any presentation.

Give your next presentation a sophisticated, yet modern look with this 100 percent editable Acupuncture herbal remedies qi colored icon in powerpoint pptx png and editable eps format Choose from a variety of customizable formats such as PPTx, png, eps. You can use these icons for your presentations, banners, templates, One-pagers that suit your business needs.

Make your presentation profoundly eye-catching leveraging our easily customizable Acupuncture herbal remedies qi monotone icon in powerpoint pptx png and editable eps format It is designed to draw the attention of your audience. Available in all editable formats, including PPTx, png, and eps, you can tweak it to deliver your message with ease.

This Naturopathy PowerPoint Icon is a vibrant and colourful illustration of a Naturopathy symbol. It is a perfect visual representation of Naturopathy and can be used to enhance presentations and documents. It is available in multiple sizes and formats to suit all your needs.

This Monotone PowerPoint Icon on Naturopathy is a great visual aid for presentations. It is a high quality vector graphic that can be used to illustrate the principles and concepts of naturopathy. It is an ideal choice for educational and medical professionals.

This coloured powerpoint icon is a great visual representation of alternative medicine, depicting a person in a yoga pose surrounded by healing herbs and plants. It is perfect for presentations, websites and other digital projects to illustrate the concept of holistic health and wellness.

This Monotone powerpoint icon is perfect for presentations on Alternative Medicine. It features a stylized image of a human figure with a green leaf in the background. It is a simple yet powerful visual representation of the healing power of natural remedies.

This vibrant coloured PowerPoint icon depicts the traditional practice of Oriental Medicine, with a red and gold circular design. It is a perfect addition to any presentation about the history and practice of this ancient healing system.

This Monotone PowerPoint Icon on Oriental Medicine is a perfect addition to any presentation. It features a traditional Chinese medicine symbol in a simple yet eye-catching design. Perfect for any project related to Eastern medicine, this icon will help you make a lasting impression.

This Monotone PowerPoint Icon features a simple, black and white image of a tea bag with a string and tag. Perfect for presentations on tea, health, or relaxation, this icon is a great way to add a professional touch to any project.

This monotone PowerPoint icon depicts a mortar and pestle, a traditional tool used for grinding and crushing ingredients. It is perfect for presentations related to cooking, traditional medicine, and herbalism.

We are proud to present our 0514 illustration of herbal medicine maker image graphics for powerpoint. Make stunning Microsoft office PPT Presentations with this professional template containing a graphic herbal medicine maker. You tend to think larger than life. This PPT slide will provide the framework to accommodate your thoughts.

Is finding a simple yet elegant template for your next presentation delivery bothering you Then dont worry this Powerpoint Template And Background With Cup Of Herbal Tea And Chamomile Blossoms is the best solution for you to use and include. This multipurpose design will help you meet all your expectations and keep your audience hooked until the end. Present your empowering messages and bring your viewers attention to the points that need due consideration. This layout is assembled in such a way that it will help you convey a lot of complex information in an easily accessible way thus reinforcing the main idea of your delivery more potently. Cues and design ideas can be taken from this visually impactful presentation which confirms your needs and expectations. Not only that but it also renders an assortment of customizations so meeting your audiences standards is the biggest plus point of this template. So go that extra mile and add a touch of creativity to your next delivery with this well crafted design template.

Bolster your presentation designs and make them impactful with our Template With Homeopathic Alternative Medicine With Herbal Globule On Green Leaf. This cutting edge PPT will help you meet your audience expectations due to its interactive design. Useful content has been added to help you convey your ideas vision and principle aspects more proficiently. Throw light on what is important and take your presentation game a notch higher with this multipurpose design that comes with an assortment of features. No matter what is the purpose of your presentation conveying business ideas proposals analysis reports or any other you will find this creative design template perfect for all the scenarios. Also input any information and keep your audience hooked with this content ready template that is fully editable and customizable. Besides this you can represent large sets of complex data and information with this template design that can be adopted by any industry agency individual or group to deliver awe inspiring presentations.

Templates act as productivity boosters as they help in getting more work done in a lesser time frame. They are also great design frameworks with everything pre designed. This Template With Spa Treatment With Aromatic Gerbera Daisies Healing Stones Olive Oil Soaps And Herbal Water is one such layout that can help you meet your goals and expectations in no time. It will provide you with great design elements that are suitable for any scenario consulting marketing sales personal agenda or any other. Not only this but this template layout will help you navigate the most important ideas and streamline your way of presenting. With everything pre laden and fully equipped this design is an absolute steal. The high resolution graphics and images used will empower your message and catch the audiences attention in minutes thereby helping you deliver inspiring presentations. The biggest advantage of this template is that it can be manipulated as per your business understanding. So feel free to adjust it to your terms and conditions once you click on the download button.

Templates act as productivity boosters as they help in getting more work done in a lesser time frame. They are also great design frameworks with everything pre designed. This Powerpoint Slides And Backgrounds With Green Herbal Pills Over A White Background is one such layout that can help you meet your goals and expectations in no time. It will provide you with great design elements that are suitable for any scenario consulting marketing sales personal agenda or any other. Not only this but this template layout will help you navigate the most important ideas and streamline your way of presenting. With everything pre laden and fully equipped this design is an absolute steal. The high resolution graphics and images used will empower your message and catch the audiences attention in minutes thereby helping you deliver inspiring presentations. The biggest advantage of this template is that it can be manipulated as per your business understanding. So feel free to adjust it to your terms and conditions once you click on the download button.

Create moving, zooming presentations that grab attention and keep it.

Appear right alongside your content while presenting to your audience.

Make stunning interactive charts, reports, maps, infographics, and more.

You're about to create your best presentation ever

Medicinal Plants Powerpoint Templates

Medicinal Plants

Transcript: Medicinal Plants is Aloe Vera Thank you for your attention Aloe vera is used in traditional medicine as a multipurpose skin treatment. In Ayurvedic medicine it is called kathalai, as are extracts from agave. Early records of Aloe vera use appear in the Ebers Papyrus from the 16th century BC,18 and in Dioscorides' De Materia Medica and Pliny the Elder's Natural History - both written in the mid-first century AD. It is also written of in the Juliana Anicia Codex of 512 AD. The plant is used widely in the traditional herbal medicine of many countries. Medicinal Plants Luis Guerra 6to And here we can see images on Aloe Vera: Aloe Vera is used medicinally for : Aloe Vera is a Medicinal Plant : is a succulent plant species of the genus Aloe. It grows wild in tropical climates around the world and is cultivated for agricultural and medicinal uses. Aloe also is used for decorative purposes and grows successfully indoors as a potted plant. The cosmetic and medicinal value of the plant is debated. It is found in many consumer products.

Transcript: Location: It is found in the Northern Cape, South Africa and southern Angola Historic Uses: None Modern Day Uses: Is used to cure many things, such as liver problems and heart burn. Also works well against Osteoarthritis (joint desease). How to prepare/use it: No Info, but Not Recomended For Children! Location: The coca plant is found in South American countries such as Argentina, Bolivia, Equador, Peru and Colombia. Historic Uses: It's leaves have been chewed by South American Indians for thounsands of yearsto make them happy, like cocaine. Modern Day Use: Nowadays, people use them to prevent altitude sickness (from being to to high up). How to prepare/use it: For altitude sickness, you chew on the leaves. For cocaine, you grind the leaves to a powder and inhale it through your nose. Don't try this at home!!! Enviromental Conditions: Garlic is mostly grown in loose, dry soil and sunny locations. Most of the worlds garlic is Made in China, and China makes 20 million tonnes a year. Historic Uses: People have used garlic in China since 2000B.C. Modern Day Uses: Garlic is often put in food. Medically, it strengthens your immune system, and is very good for your health. How to prepare/use it: You can prepare garlic in many different ways, such as chopping it, mincing it, and slicing it. By: James and Luc 6B Harpagophytum procumbens, Devil's Claw Aloe Vera, Aloe Allium sativum, Garlic Location: Blackberries are found in the woods, native to eastern North America. Historic Uses: It's leaves and roots are used to cure diarrhea and dysentery. Also superb for treating wounds in mouth. Modern day uses: Blackberry tea, used to treat wounds in mouth. Used to Make: Blackberry Tea, Blackberry Wine. Location: Aloe Vera is found in countries, such as Madagascar (and other places in Africa), Jordan, and Islands in the Indian Ocean. Historic Uses: Its was used by the Ancient Romans/Greeks to treat cuts. Mordern Day Use: Aloe Vera is used as a salve for your skin, as well as a treatment for sunburn and digestive discomfort. How to prepare/use it: You break down the leaves and remove a yellow, gelatine like substance, which you rub on a wound. Thanks for Listening!!! Asarum Canadese, Ginger Medicinal Plants The Coca Plant Rubus Fructicosus, Blackberries Osteoarthritis Location: Ginger is grown as a crop in Asia, but mostly in India and China. Historic Uses: It is used for ginger soup, morning and sea sickness also used in many chinese food dishes. Modern day uses: Ginger treats nausea and arthritis, is also used for tea and many soups. Preparation: It can be dried into powder, crushed, boiled, pickled and even candied. Fun fact: It's used to make ginger ale and candy.

Transcript: Echinacea Pterophyta used for bronchitis, whooping cough, and menstrual cramps Treats hair loss Darkens hair Chamomile Angiosperm Petals and leaves used in herbal teas Taken as an anti-inflammatory or antioxidant Also used in treating ulcers, eczema, bruises, burns, canker sores, and hemorrhoids Medicinal Plants Angiosperm Several extracts found and used for medical purposes Extracts come from roots Common cold, anxiety, yeast infections Leaves used in tea Used to treat Dementia and Alzheimer's Thought if as a "brain herb" Extract has been found to improve blood flow Chinese herbal medicine Leaves used for tea Maidenhair Fern Angiosperm treating glaucoma, multiple sclerosis, and chemotherapy-induced nausea Leaves and extracts used to create different synthetic forms of THC Legal in 20 states and Washington DC All for medical purposes, 2 for medical and recreational use Ginkgo Biloba Cannabis

Transcript: How Do They Do It? Medicinal Plants Do Monarchs Rely on Human Activity for Survival? Incredible Research Findings Are There any Question So Far? The evolutionary biologist Jaap de Roode asserts that: "We have shown that some species of milkweed, the larva's food plants, can reduce parasite infection in the monarchs," What Are Medicinal Plants??? Other Uses For Medicinal Plants Are There Any Questions? Researchers from Emory University in Atlanta have observed and documented the ways in which the Monarch Butterfly use medicinal plants to treat disease in their offspring. Treat diseases in the human body Antibacterial Antidote Treats Asthma What is a Monarch Butterfly? Current Threat To The Monarch Butterfly Many researchers have looked into the ways in which various animal species respond to the threat of disease. Current research seems to support the idea that animals take an active role in treating disease both in themselves and their offspring. What Did They Find? Monarch butterflies are easy to distinguish from other butterflies due to the unique orange, black and white designs on their wings. The monarch butterfly is arguably the most well known species of butterfly in North America. They are renowned for their incredible beauty and their unique ability to ward off predators. Their scientific name is Danaus plexippus. It is a milkweed butterfly in the Nymphalidae family. The Nymphalidae is the largest family of butterflies with about 6,000 species found all throughout the world. With this incredible defense mechanism, how can they possibly be threatened? Thank You for Listening The Monarch Response!!! Monarchs are poisonous due to the fact that when they are caterpillars they feed on milkweed plants which contain “high levels of phytochemicals called cardenolides” These chemicals do not hurt caterpillars, but they do make them toxic even after they become butterflies, if they are consumed by other creatures. According to de Roode, when a female butterfly is infected, they will seek out and lay their eggs on a specific type of milkweed that will help ward off sickness in their offspring. This seems to suggest that monarchs have evolved by adopting practices to treat/ medicate their offspring. The observation of this phenomenon indicates that similar to humans, animal species also use medicinal plants as a form of medical treatment. Scientific Discovery Can Animals Fight Off Diseases? Parasites frequently invade the guts of caterpillars and remain with them even after they have transformed into monarch butterflies. As a result, infected female monarchs pass on these parasites to their offspring, which can cause a deadly parasitic infection. Medicinal Plants are plants that provide humans and even animals with medicine.

Transcript: By: Grace Henn it is cultivated and grown as a shade tree originally comes from China and is non-native to America it adapts well to different types of soil has been growning on earth for millions of years also known as "tree of life" its name "Ginkgo Biloba" and its strength is due to the chemical substances it contains the Ginkgo is proven useful in treating short term memory and early stages of Alsheimer's disease it is used in cases of hearing, cancer, diabetes, tumors, and it reduces blood clots originated from North Africa spread to fertile lands with mild climate also called "the elixir of youth" by old Egyptians derived from the Arabic word "Alloeh" meaning shining substance while "vera" in Latin means "true" widely used in the cosmetic industry treats wounds and skin infections Aloe Vera lotions and gels are used against the powerful sunlight and as a remedy against sunburns oldest species "mustard" derives from the Latin word "mustum" which means "must" appears under three different forms: white mustard, black mustard, and brown mustard mustard baths are recommended for treating headaches, colds, and coughs excellent source of proteins, and calcium Mint Plant grows spontaneously in hay fields grown from early times in ancient Egypt in the Roman Empire has a strong rhizome also known as "sparrow grass" contains vitamin B, copper, zinc, iron and many other rare nutrients controls some stomach affections, cleans the liver, lungs, and intestines of their wastes and toxins protects action on the arteries Mustard Plant Medicinal Plants Asparagus Aloe Vera Plant Ginkgo Biloba cultivated in any area with temperature-continental climate tolerates sandy soil, but needs to be planted in a sunny place needs lots of water helps liver and calms indigestion recommended in cases of asthma, bronchitis and the flu because of its antispasmodic and sedative properties can be used to make tea, mouth rinse or mint oil

Transcript: Spinach Cardiac problems, headaches, insomnia, melancholia, dizziness or bronchial asthma can all be remedied with Lavender. Medicinal Plants and Our Daily Lives Lavender

Transcript: Herbs and Cancer Debate - legalization battle over marijuana is the subject of marijuana as a form of medicine. - The medical marijuana debate has been made a great battle between states' rights and the powers of federal government because of the contradictory decisions of the state legislatures and the U.S. Supreme Court. What Is Medicinal Plant? -Medicinal plant is a type of plant that has chemical substances which can heal the diseases. -Medicinal plant is also called a herb. -Medicinal plant can be categorized into trees, shrubs, woody perennials, annuals and biennials, and climbers. -There are over 20,000 species of medicinal plants that have been used around the world. -The discoveries of new drugs from plants are still going on nowadays such as drugs against cancer, HIV/AIDS, Alzheimer’s, malaria, and pain. - Many of the chemotherapies used to fight cancer in modern medicine were developed from natural substances. - About three-quarters of the pharmaceutical compounds used today came from plants used in traditional medicine. - 76 species of Chinese plants were analyzed, 18 of which were found to significantly suppress the growth of cancer cells. - Taxanes used to treat prostate and breast cancer came from yew trees - Vinca alkaloids, which are used to treat malignant lymphomas, are made from periwinkle plants. - The anti-cancer drugs, topotecan and irinotecan, come from a component of the Camptotheca acuminata (Chinese Happy Tree). - Some of them have two sides effect. Medicinal Plants Medicinal uses: -coughs -asthma -arteriosclerosis -bronchitis -nausea -upset stomach - capture, kill, and digest animal organisms - live in areas where there is no food and have low quality of soil - they must supplement their diets with nutrients gained from digesting insects - they can attract bugs, spiders, beetles and other small creepy-crawly things Carnivorous plants are used in a variety of folk preparations and medicines. Medicinal uses: -Digestive disorders -Constipation -Urinary tract diseases -Preventing scar formation -Small pox Venus Flytrap - perennial plant that traps and eats insects - They are pressed to remove the liquid extract, which is used as an herbal remedy, - They have immune stimulant and anticancer properties. . By Praew Keeki Mook Modtanoy Advantages of medicinal plants -less side effects than pharmaceutical drugs -can be consumed without prescription -lower cost -more effective with long standing health problems that cannot be cured well by traditional medicines such as Arthritis. Common Names: Ephedra, Chinese Ephedra, ma huang Latin Name: Ephedra sinica Ephedra has been used for more than 5,000 years, especially in China and India, to treat conditions such as cold, fever, flu, headaches, asthma, wheezing, and nasal congestion. However, it is recently becoming very controversial throughout the world. Disadvantages of medicinal plants -risk of poisoning associated with wild herbs -can interact with prescribed medicine and produce dangerous side effects -risk of overdose -cannot really cure the serious illness such as broken arm or heart attack as well as conventional medicine -can cause allergies in some cases -take longer time than conventional medicine to cure diseases References Marijuana Pros - marijuana may specifically kill or stop the growth of many types of cancers. - There is an evidence that marijuana can reduce the growth of deadly brain tumors known as gliomas. - Patients receiving cannabinoids [smoked marijuana and marijuana pills] had improved immune function compared with those receiving placebo. Cons - lack of consistence and repeatable scientific data that are available to prove marijuana's medical benefits. - Smoked marijuana damages the brain, heart, lungs, and immune system. - Impairment of thinking, problem-solving skills and memory - Reduce balance and coordination - Increase risk of heart attack - Raise the risk of chronic cough and respiratory infections - Potential for hallucinations and withdrawal symptoms Ephedra Controversy Sun dews - It can trap and digest insects to obtain extra nutrients, such as nitrogen. - It have also been used in herbal medicine for a long time. Thank you Pitcher plant - It obtaining nutrients such as carbon and nitrogen. - It possess a highly developed set of compounds and secondary metabolites to aid in their survival. -These compounds could serve as a new class of anti-fungal drugs for use in human medicine. Why is that? - The plant naturally contains two alkaloids known as ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, as well as smaller amounts of related alkaloids. - The principal active ingredient, ephedrine, is a compound that can powerfully stimulate the nervous system and heart. - Recently, ephedra has been used as an ingredient in dietary supplements for weight loss, increased energy, and enhanced athletic performance. - Several cases of death caused by ephedra toxicity were reported. - In 2004, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned the

Transcript: Plants form the main ingredients of medicines in traditional systems of healing and have been the source of inspiration for several major pharmaceutical drugs. Some people are allergic to lilacs, so they use other plants to either to smell good or to make them calm down. Lilacs Lilacs have been used calm a person down, and to make things smell really good. Medicinal Plants Medicinal Plants

Explore our templates for more presentation inspiration

Quarterly Business Review - Downtown

Description: Add some color to your quarterly business review with this vibrant business presentation template. The bold visuals in this business template will make your next QBR a memorable one.

Marketing Proposal Template for Powerful Presentations | Prezi

Description: Catch the eye and engage the imagination with this cool-looking Prezi proposal template. The bold, bright design and highly dynamic theme all but guarantee success for your next sales or marketing proposal. All Prezi presentation templates are easily customized.

Sales KickOff - Rocket

Description: The sky’s the limit. Boost your new sales initiative into orbit with an engaging and compelling SKO presentation. This template features a effective sales kickoff theme that makes it easy to be engaging. Like all Prezi SKO templates, it’s fully customizable with your own information.

Customer Stories - Office

Description: Storytelling is at the heart of great service. Use this stunning, customizable business presentation template to highlight employees who do exceptional work or position your customers as the heroes of your business.

Now you can make any subject more engaging and memorable

• The Science
• Conversational Presenting
• For Business
• For Education
• Testimonials
• Presentation Gallery
• Video Gallery
• Design Gallery
• Our Customers
• Company Information
• Prezi Support
• Prezi Classic Support
• Hire an Expert
• Data Visualization
• Infographics

March 30, 2024

March 29, 2024

March 28, 2024

• Latest posts

© 2024 Prezi Inc. Terms

• All Resource

PPT Templates

Single slides.

• Pitch Deck 207 templates
• Animation 326 templates
• Vertical Report 316 templates
• Business 799 templates
• Finance 56 templates
• Construction 45 templates
• IT/Commerce 171 templates
• Medical 64 templates
• Education 45 templates
• Lifestyle 390 templates
• Pitch Decks 138 templates
• Business 539 templates
• Finance 20 templates
• Construction 75 templates
• IT/Commerce 73 templates
• Medical 27 templates
• Lifestyle 578 templates
• Pitch Decks 140 templates
• Business 469 templates
• Finance 19 templates
• Construction 64 templates
• IT/Commerce 72 templates
• Medical 29 templates
• Education 39 templates
• Lifestyle 490 templates
• Cover 266 templates
• Agenda 97 templates
• Overview 216 templates
• CEO 28 templates
• Our Team 142 templates
• Organization 48 templates
• History 38 templates
• Vision, Mission 109 templates
• Problem, Solution 193 templates
• Opportunity 154 templates
• Business Model 158 templates
• Product, Services 299 templates
• Technology 65 templates
• Market 155 templates
• Prices 56 templates
• Customers 55 templates
• Competitor 113 templates
• Business Process 151 templates
• Analysis 222 templates
• Strategy 120 templates
• Marketing, Sales 61 templates
• Profit, Loss 69 templates
• Financials 247 templates
• Timeline 122 templates
• Proposal 40 templates
• Contact Us 272 templates
• Break Slides 16 templates
• List 359 templates
• Process 351 templates
• Cycle 177 templates
• Hierarchy 98 templates
• Relationship 152 templates
• Matrix 86 templates
• Pyramid 67 templates
• Tables 145 templates
• Map 96 templates
• Puzzles 163 templates
• Graph 217 templates
• Infographics 436 templates
• SWOT 111 templates
• Icon 418 templates
• Theme Slides 138 templates
• Mockup 42 templates
• Column 315 templates
• Line 199 templates
• Pie 139 templates
• Bar 179 templates
• Area 130 templates
• X Y,Scatter 16 templates
• Stock 59 templates
• Surface 3 templates
• Doughnut 256 templates
• Bubble 65 templates
• Radar 83 templates
• Free PPT Templates 2,101 templates
• Free Keynote 2,017 templates
• Free Google Slides 2,098 templates
• Free Theme Slides 35 templates
• Free Diagram 126 templates
• Free Chart 49 templates
• New Updates

Slide Members Premium Membership Benefits

If you sign up for our premium membership, you can enjoy the better contents all year round.

• Unlimited Download
• Premium Templates
• Animation Slides
• 24/7 Support

Free Slides

• Free PPT Templates

Free Powerpoint Template - Herbal Medicine

• Product ID : SM-2232
• Subject : Herbal Medicine
• Quantity : 6 slides
• Ratio : 4:3
• Format : MS Powerpoint
• Colors : brown
• Languages : EN
• Used Font : Calibri
• License : Personal and commercial use
• Rating : Free
• K Keynote version : go to item chevron_right
• G Google Slides version : go to item chevron_right

Slide Description

• Professional business presentation
• Latest Templates support version
• Modern and clean design
• Easy to edit in PowerPoint

Membership Pricing

Premium member of Slide Members can have unlimited access to the 19,000+ advanced slide templates.

Basic (1 Day)

5 Downloads per Day

Basic (7 Days)

$ 10.99 /mo

All contents in Slide Members are available for commercial and personal use.

The contents that other members downloaded with this content

Various Pills - PowerPoint Template Free Download

All images included Easily editable content Latest Templates support version Easy to change colors

Ginseng - Free Template Design

Professional business presentation Smart and innovative presentation slides 1 aspect ratios (4:3) Easy to change colors

Free PowerPoint - Syringe

Professional business presentation Creative slides No animation template Easy color change

Chemistry - Free PPT Template

All images included Clean style Trend template Image placeholders

Free Template Design - Blood and Red Blood Cells

Creative slides All images included Image placeholders Easy to change colors

Free Powerpoint Template - Living Room Interior

Presentation photos are included; Landscape orientation style Creative and innovative presentation slides Easily editable content

Google Slides Free - Herbal Medicine

Smart and innovative presentation slides Presentation photos are included; Creative and innovative presentation slides Trend template

Google Slides online Free - Ginseng

Smart and innovative presentation slides Clean style Easy color change Easy to change colors

Slide Members

[email protected]

All Rights Reserved 2024 © Copyright Slide Members

Information

• Privacy Policy
• Terms & Conditions

Recent Slides

• 19+ Recently Powerpoint Templates & Google slides Update
• 9+ New Powerpoint Templates & Google Slides Update
• 18+ New Templates Update (PPT templates & Google slides)

Home Collections Medical Herbal Medicine Free Herbs Powerpoint Template

Free Herbs PowerPoint Template & Google Slides Presentation

Free Herbs Template Slide For Presentation

Download the Free herbs PowerPoint template from SlideEgg to create an attractive presentation on herbs. Share your tips on growing herbal plants at the house. This slide holds an excellent herb picture along with creative icons. 

About the template

This Free herbs PowerPoint template is a well-designed format. The layout can be customized with unique features to add an elegant touch to the Presentation. In addition, the slide has a neat and straightforward background and pictures. Use this pre-designed medical template from SlideEgg and create an attractive herbal PowerPoint presentation.

Feature of this Template 

1. 100% customizable slides and easy to download.

2. Slides available in different nodes & colors.

3. The slide is contained in 16:9 and 4:3 formats.

4. Easy to change the slide colors quickly.

5. Well-crafted template with instant download facility. 

6. It is a well-designed presentation template.

7. Best template for creative Presentation.

• herbal medicine
• Herbal Medicine
• Natural Herbs
• Herbs And Spices
• Medicinal Herbs
• Herbal Plants
• Google Slides

666+ Templates

124+ Templates

Science & Research

182+ Templates

Telemedicine

40+ Templates

320+ Templates

86+ Templates

115+ Templates

43+ Templates

44+ Templates

191+ Templates

You May Also Like These PowerPoint Templates

• Preferences

Medicinal Plants - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Medicinal Plants

Prehistoric times no one knows where or when plants first began to be used to treat disease accidental discovery of some new plant food that eased pain might have ... – powerpoint ppt presentation.

• No one knows where or when plants first began to be used to treat disease
• Accidental discovery of some new plant food that eased pain might have been the beginning of folk knowledge
• Early evidence the grave of a Neanderthal man buried 60,000 years ago. Pollen analysis indicated that plants buried with the corpse were all of medicinal value
• Earliest record 4,000 year old Sumerian clay tablet recorded numerous plant remedies
• Ancient Egyptian civilization had a wealth of information on medicinal plants - Ebers Papyrus 3500 yrs ago
• The Pun-tsao, a pharmacopoeia published around 1600, contained thousands of herbal cures that are attributed to the works of Shen-nung, China's legendary Emperor who lived over 4500 years ago
• Herbal medicine dates back several thousand years to the Rig-Veda, the collection of Hindu sacred verses
• This is the basis of a health care system known as Ayurvedic medicine
• One useful plant that has come from Ayurvedic tradition is snakeroot, Rauwolfia serpentina
• These ancient records indicate that in all parts of the world native peoples discovered and developed medicinal uses of local plants
• Herbal medicine of ancient Greece laid the foundations of our Western medicine
• Greek physician Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.), known as the Father of Medicine used various herbal remedies in his treatments
• Roman physician Dioscorides (1st century A.D.) wrote De Materia Medica which contained an account of over 600 species of plants with medicinal value.
• Descriptions of plants, directions on the preparation, uses, and side effects
• Many still in use
• willow bark tea - precursor to aspirin
• Some have been lost
• Greek and Roman women used silphium as an effective contraceptive for 1,000 yrs - now extinct
• Standard medical reference for 1500 years
• Little new knowledge was added in Europe during the Dark Ages
• Beginning of Renaissance in the early 15th century saw a renewal of learning
• Botanically - revival of herbalism for medicinal plants
• Coupled with the invention of the printing press in 1440 ushered in the Age of Herbals
• Beautifully illustrated books that described plants
• When to collect, useful parts
• Medicinal and culinary uses
• Also included a lot of misinformation and superstition
• Often advocated the Doctrine of Signatures
• Medicinal use recognized by distinct "signatures" visible on the plant which corresponded to human anatomy
• Red juice of bloodwort to treat blood disorders
• Lobed appearance of liverworts to aid the liver
• Belief in this concept developed independently among different cultures
• As science progressed, a dichotomy in medicine developed between practitioners of herbal medicine and regular physicians
• About this same time a similar split occurred between herbalism and scientific botany
• Many herbal remedies had a sound scientific basis
• Some became useful prescriptions drugs
• William Withering was the first to scientifically investigate a folk remedy
• His studies (1775-1785) of foxglove to treat dropsy (congestive heart failure) set standard for pharmaceutical chemistry
• Scientists began purifying the active extracts from medicinal plants
• Breakthrough in pharmaceutical chemistry came when Serturner isolated morphine from opium poppy in 1806
• First synthetic drugs were developed in the middle of the 19th century based on natural products
• Direct use of plant extracts continued to decrease in the late 19th and 20th centuries
• Today medicinal plants still contribute significantly to prescription drugs
• 25 of prescriptions written in the U.S. contain plant-derived active ingredients
• 50 if fungal products are included
• An even larger percent based on semi-synthetic or wholly synthetic ingredients originally isolated from plants
• Renewed interest in investigating plants for medically useful compounds
• Recent success of taxol from the Pacific yew tree has shown this interest is worth pursuing
• 75-90 of the rural population in developing nations rely on herbal medicine as their only health care
• Medicinal herbs are sold alongside vegetables in village markets
• Practitioners of herbal medicine undergo extensive training to learn the plants, their uses, and preparation of remedies
• Traditional herbal medicine incorporated into a modern health care system
• Blend of herbal medicine, acupuncture, and Western medicine
• Thousands of species of medicinal herbs are available for the Chinese herbalist
• Chinese apothecaries contain an incredible assortment of dried plant specimens
• Prescriptions filled with blends of specific herbs
• Traditional systems separate from Western medicine
• At universities medical students are trained in Western medicine
• Most people use traditional systems
• Ayurvedic medicine - Hindu origin
• Unani medicine - Muslim and Greek origin
• Economics also a factor - manufactured pharmaceuticals too expensive for most
• Interest in medicinal plants has focused on indigenous peoples in many parts of the world
• Ethnobotanists are spending time with local tribes and learning their medical lore before they are lost forever
• Especially important among native peoples in the tropical rain forests
• Widespread destruction threatens to eliminate thousands of species that have never been scientifically investigated for medical potential
• Erosion of tribal cultures is also a threat to the knowledge of herbal practices
• As younger members of native groups are drawn away from tribal lifestyles, oral traditions are not passed on
• Secondary plant products
• Two major categories of these compounds
• Other types of compounds are also important - essential oils
• Diverse group of compounds
• Over 3000 have been identified
• Most occur in herbaceous dicots and fungi
• Three families that are particularly known for their alkaloids Fabaceae (legume family), the Solanaceae (nightshade family) and the Rubiaceae (coffee family)
• Vary greatly in chemical structure
• Alkaloids share several characteristics
• they contain nitrogen
• they are usually alkaline
• they have a bitter taste
• Diverse effects with the most pronounced on the nervous system
• Can also have psychological effects
• Some medicinally important, some psychoactive, some poisonous
• Often a fine line between a medicinal and toxic dose
• Common alkaloids caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, morphine, quinine, ephedrine
• Affect the central nervous system - often by influencing neurotransmitters
• Categories of psychoactive cmpds
• Hallucinogens
• Depressants
• May also be narcotic
• By definition a narcotic drug induces central nervous system depression resulting in numbness, lethargy, sleep
• In current use, a narcotic is a psychoactive drug that is dangerously addictive
• Addictive cmpds elicit psychological dependence, physiological dependence, and/or tolerance
• Also widespread in the plant kingdom and second in importance as medicines or toxins
• Have sugar molecule (glyco-) is attached to the active component
• Active portion variable, sugar is glucose
• Generally categorized by the active component cyanogenic glycosides, cardiac glycosides, and saponins.
• Release cyanide (HCN) upon breakdown
• Cassava contains cyanogenic glycosides
• Seeds, pits, and bark of many members of the rose family (apples, pears, almonds, apricots, cherries, peaches, and plums) contain amygdalin, a cyanogenic glycoside
• Apricot pits are rich in amygdalin
• Ground up for preparation of laetrile, a controversial cancer treatment
• Theoretically, laetrile releases HCN only in the presence of tumor cells and selectively destroys them
• Not proven and laetrile not approved for cancer therapy in the United States
• Steroid molecule is active component
• Cardiac glycosides effect the contraction of heart muscle
• In proper doses, some are used to treat various forms of heart failure
• Best known is digitalis
• Some of the deadliest plants, such as milkweed and oleander, contain toxic levels of cardiac glycosides
• Can be highly toxic causing severe gastric irritation and hemolytic anemia
• One useful saponin is disogenin from yams (Dioscorea spp.) which can be used to synthesis various hormones such as progesterone (ingredient in birth control pills) and cortisone
• Foxglove - heart disease - digitalis
• Willow bark tea - pain, fever - aspirin
• Fever Bark Tree - malaria - quinine
• Snakeroot - hypertension - reserpine
• Aloe - burns - various glycosides
• Vinca - leukemia - vincristine
• Taxus - ovarian breast cancer - taxol
• Foxglove - Digitalis purpurea
• Extract called digitalis
• Long history as a folk remedy for congestive heart failure (dropsy)
• William Withering investigated this remedy from 1775-1785 - first scientific study of a medicinal plant
• Purple foxglove - an attractive biennial with large purple bell-shaped flowers
• Often used as a garden ornamental
• Leaves contain over 30 cardiac glycosides with digoxin and digitoxin the most medically significant
• Concentration of glycosides highest before flowering
• Leaves dried, powdered, then extracted
• Digitalis slows heart rate and increases strength of each heartbeat
• Results more blood is pumped with each contraction
• Improved circulation, decreases edema, and increases kidney output
• Effective treatment - not a cure
• Fine line between a therapeutic and toxic dose of digitalis
• Most widely used synthetic drug but origins are botanical
• Bark of willow trees (Salix spp.) used by many cultures for reducing fever and relieving pain - in form of a tea
• In 1828 salicin was first isolated and over the next decade the extraction method was refined
• Salicin is a glycoside of salicylic acid
• Salicylates occur widely in species of Salix as well as many other plants including meadowsweet (Spirea ulmaria)
• Laboratory synthesis of salicylic acid in the mid-19th century
• Salicylic acid was an inexpensive treatment for many ailments - rheumatic fever, gout, arthritis
• Had side effects - especially gastric
• In 1898 Felix Hoffman, a chemist at Bayer Company came across acetylsalicylic acid
• Effective and more palatable
• Soon given the name aspirin
• "a" is from the acetylsalicylic acid and the
• "spirin" from Spirea the plant from which salicylic acid was first isolated
• Three classic properties
• anti-inflammatory
• antipyretic (fever reducing)
• analgesic (pain relieving)
• New uses in the prevention of heart attacks, strokes, and colon cancer
• irritates the stomach
• Reye's syndrome
• Malaria known since antiquity, is still the world's most prevalent disease
• 2 to 3 million people die each year from malaria, and at least one million of these deaths are young children
• Today malaria largely confined to tropical and subtropical countries in Asia, Africa, South America, and Central America
• Caused by unicellular parasites in genus Plasmodium
• Spread by bite of Anopheles mosquito
• Parasite multiplies in liver and released in blood stream
• Invade red blood cells - multiply and rupture RBC
• Cycle repeats every few days -symptoms fever, chills, anemia....death
• Native to the eastern slopes of the Andes Mountains
• Called quina-quina by the Incas
• Several species of Cinchona
• Small evergreen trees belong to the Rubiaceae, the coffee family
• Fever reducing powers of the tree were well known to the Incas who shared knowledge with Jesuit missionaries
• Jesuits used bark to treat people with malaria
• In 1638 - Countess of Cinchon, wife of the Viceroy of Peru - miraculous recovery spread reputation of the bark
• Years later Linnaeus named the genus Cinchona in honor of the countess
• By the end of the 17th century the powdered bark of the quina-quina tree was the standard treatment for malaria
• In 1820 two French scientists isolated the alkaloid quinine
• Within a few years purified quinine was available commercially
• Demand for the bark increased even more
• 36 alkaloids in Cinchona bark - 4 have anti-malarial properties
• Quinine is the most effective
• During World War II synthetics were developed
• Today the most widely used drug for malaria is chloroquine which is less toxic and more effective than quinine
• Widespread use of chloroquine has resulted in chloroquine-resistant strains of the parasite
• Quinine used for these infections in combination with other drugs
• Quinine kills parasite in blood stream
• Also effective as a prophylactic to prevent initial infection of red blood cells in travelers
• "gin and tonic"
• Recently scientists have been investigating anti-malarial properties of weed Artemesia annua, wormwood
• Snakeroot, Rauwolfia serpentina
• "doctrine of signatures"- because long coiled roots resembled a snake, healers believed that the root could be used for treating snake bites
• For over 4000 years, Hindu healers used the root for the treatment of snakebites, insect stings, and even mental illness
• In 1952 the alkaloid reserpine was isolated from the roots
• Later dozens of alkaloids found
• The sedative effects of reserpine made it valuable as a tranquilizers - side effect was a reduction in blood pressure
• Today, this is actually the principal application of reserpine, as a treatment for hypertension
• Well known folk remedy is use of Aloe vera sap for minor burns
• Used for thousands of years as treatments for various skin ailments
• Aloe vera (A. barbadensis) the best known member of the genus but other Aloe species also used
• Thick mucilaginous sap
• Soothing effect on injured skin
• Numerous compounds including several anthraquinone glycosides collectively referred to as aloin
• Chrysophanic acid also present - possibly the compound with the greatest healing effect on skin
• Sap promotes faster healing with less scaring by stimulating cell growth
• Inhibits bacterial and fungal infection
• Compounds in the sap inhibit pain, itching, and inflammation
• In recent years the cosmetic industry has capitalized on the moisturizing effects of the sap and it can be found in a variety of skin creams, shampoos, sun screen lotions, and bath oils
• Cancer is a diverse group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells.
• Today in the United States cancer is the leading cause of death
• Search for cancer cures is relentless
• Plants have figured prominently in folk remedies for cancer
• Over 3000 plant species had been used
• In the late 1950's National Cancer Institute and USDA began search for plants with anti-cancer properties
• Thousands of plants have been scientifically screened, and several have become standard chemotherapy for different forms of cancers
• Search is not over since only a small percentage have been screened
• Treatments for leukemia and lymphoma
• Alkaloids from Madagascar periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus (Vinca rosea)
• Used by traditional healers as treatment for diabetes
• Investigating this claim in the 1950's, scientists at the University of Western Ontario in Canada and Eli Lilly Pharmaceuticals in Indianapolis found no evidence of usefulness in treating diabetes
• Extracts from the leaves were found to be effective against leukemia cells and
• Alkaloids responsible were identified
• Vincristine and vinblastine major chemotherapeutic agents
• Vincristine has been especially effective for treating acute childhood leukemia, often with 99 remission rates
• Vinblastine has been especially effective for treating Hodgkin's disease
• Both alkaloids also used for other types of cancer
• Taxol obtained from the bark of the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia
• Anti-tumor properties were first discovered in the 1960's during the screening program of the National Cancer Institute
• Taxol - only recently approved
• Clinical trials showed taxol especially promising in treating ovarian and breast cancer
• Original from bark of mature Pacific yew trees, a slow-growing conifer of old-growth forests in the Pacific NW
• Concern about destruction of ancient forests
• New sources
• Other species of Taxus contain taxol
• Tissue cultures of bark cells promising
• Recently synthesized in the laboratory
• Search for medicinal plants continues
• Especially in tropical rain forests
• Time is critical before plants are lost and cultural knowledge of the plants are lost
• Same is true among native peoples everywhere includes Native Americans

PowerShow.com is a leading presentation sharing website. It has millions of presentations already uploaded and available with 1,000s more being uploaded by its users every day. Whatever your area of interest, here you’ll be able to find and view presentations you’ll love and possibly download. And, best of all, it is completely free and easy to use.

You might even have a presentation you’d like to share with others. If so, just upload it to PowerShow.com. We’ll convert it to an HTML5 slideshow that includes all the media types you’ve already added: audio, video, music, pictures, animations and transition effects. Then you can share it with your target audience as well as PowerShow.com’s millions of monthly visitors. And, again, it’s all free.

About the Developers

PowerShow.com is brought to you by  CrystalGraphics , the award-winning developer and market-leading publisher of rich-media enhancement products for presentations. Our product offerings include millions of PowerPoint templates, diagrams, animated 3D characters and more.

Medicinal Plants

Apr 05, 2019

890 likes | 1.35k Views

Medicinal Plants. Outline. Medicine in pre-scientific times Synthetic organic chemistry and medicine Alkaloids glycosides Foxglove (digoxin) Willow bark (aspirin) quinine Ephidrine Schizophrenia and resperine cancer treatment Chapter 19. Plants in Medicine.

Share Presentation

• many people
• bad side effects
• active principles
• physical experience
• specific chemical compounds

Presentation Transcript

Outline Medicine in pre-scientific times Synthetic organic chemistry and medicine Alkaloids glycosides Foxglove (digoxin) Willow bark (aspirin) quinine Ephidrine Schizophrenia and resperine cancer treatment Chapter 19

Plants in Medicine • The idea of using plants for healing goes back to very ancient prehistoric times in all cultures. • Neanderthal burial with useful medical plants from 60,000 years ago. Shanidar Cave in Iraq. Buried with 8 plant species, 7 of which have medicinal uses. (I note that skepticism is needed here: some researchers now think these plants (clumps of pollen, actually) were buried there by rodents long after the person died.) • Otzi the Iceman, who died about 5200 years ago and was preserved in a glacier in northern Italy, carried two lumps of birch fungus, which can be used as both a laxative and an antibiotic. He had intestinal parasites. • Some animals also seem to use plants as medicine • Basic problem with archeological evidence: plant material decays easily, especially if it is edible.

Medicine in Early Civilizations • Sumerian clay tablets with cures • Egypt: Ebers papyrus (3500 years ago) • Shen-nung, the Chinese emperor who also invented agriculture, wrote a book about medicinal herbs, which he tested on himself. • Rig-veda in India • Badianus manuscript is an illustrated guide to pre-Columbian Aztec herbal medicine. Translated into Spanish from native language by Badianus, but written by an Aztec healer of high repute. • Hippocrates (400 BC) : ancient Greek healer. Medical doctors take the Hippocratic Oath. Western medicine was founded on his works. • Dioscorides (100 AD) was a Roman who compiled De Materia Medica, which discusses 600 plants of medicinal value. • Galen • Avicenna (1050 AD) was a Persian whose Canon of Medicine built on Dioscorides’s work.

Herbals • The Renaissance in Europe was a revival of ancient learning and intellectual activity, a turning away from uncritical acceptance of the Bible as the source of all knowledge. Roughly 1300-1650, starting in Italy and varying by region. The period between medieval times and modern times. • Invention of the moveable type printing press in 1450 allowed wide dissemination of knowledge. • A word for you (that won’t be on the test): incunabula: a book published before 1500. • Many herbals, illustrated books describing plants and their uses, were published. Practical uses together with a lot of mysticism, superstition, and what we now consider pseudoscience: astrology for example. • Doctors and other healers had gardens where they grew useful plants. Others were harvested from the wild.

Doctrine of Signatures • The Doctrine of Signatures (which is known to be false!) was popular in these books: herbs that resemble parts of the body can be used to heal those parts. • Liverwort, lungwort, bloodroot, snakeroot (healing snakebite), for example. • Advocated by Paracelsus (1500 AD). But, the idea is found in many cultures. • The idea: Since God created the world for us humans, He marked things with a sign (a signature) indicating their use. • Also linked to this: the idea that the cure for every disease can be found near where the disease is common. • The history of science is filled with counter-examples. We have to figure out the uses of plants and other objects by experiment and observation. How a plant looks is not related to how it will interact with the human body. • That is, sometimes there is a correlation between how a plant looks and how it is used, but it isn’t a causal relationship. That is, you might find a plant useful for some purpose and then find an aspect of its appearance that helps you remember that use, but if you see a plant that you think resembles some part of the body, it probably won’t specifically affect that body part. • You can think of the Doctrine of Signatures as a useful mnemonic device, but it isn’t a guide to how novel plants will work.

Some Examples lungwort Hepatica leaves have 3 lobes, just like the liver Walnut: looks sort of like a brain! Tomatoes are red and have four chambers, just like the heart. Snakeroot

Pre-Scientific Medicine • Across all cultures, healing the body was very mixed up with religious belief. In the absence of an effective cure, prayer seemed like the only solution. • It wasn’t clear what worked and what didn’t. Medicine was based on anecdotal evidence: I as a doctor tried such-and-such a cure, and it worked or it didn’t, and I change my opinions about what to use in a given situation based on this. • Also, written works passed down from the ancients (such as Hippocrates) were given great weight. • This led to medicinal recipes with many ingredients, most of which had no effect. • And some of which were there just to produce drama: many patients felt that an effective cure had to make them vomit or otherwise go through an unpleasant physical experience to start the healing process. • Many people get better from good nursing: keeping them warm and well fed and rested, and paying attention to their complaints. The body has great power to heal itself if given a chance. • This led to medicines being given credit for cures they didn’t deserve.

Systems of Medicine • Our present system, scientific medicine, is only 200 years old or so. There have been many other concepts in medicine, and there continue to be alternative systems of medicine. These other systems often contain concepts that are specifically denied or disproved by science. • Hippocrates and the Four Humors: blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile. The humors have properties of hot, cold, wet and dry. In disease, the humors get out of balance. The theory formed the basis of Western medicine until the 1850’s or so. • We get words for personality traits like sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric, and bilious from this theory. • This theory also encompasses the idea of the four elements: earth, air, fire, and water. • Traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurveda (traditional Indian medicine) are also alternative theories of medicine that remain popular. • Francis Bacon, an early scientific philosopher, said. ‘This is the foundation of all. We are not to imagine or suppose, but to discover, what nature does or may be made to do”.

Scientific Testing • The essence of the scientific method is the controlled experiment: the subjects are divided into two groups, with one group given the experimental treatment and the other given a control treatment. • The control treatment should be as similar to the experimental as possible, just missing the one element being tested. • A useful refinement: double-blind experiments, where neither the patients nor the doctor knows who is getting the experimental treatment and who is getting the control. This avoids the placebo effect, where patients often get better even with a control treatment. • Statistical analysis of the results is necessary, because random factors influence the results. An important feature of statistics: using enough subjects to get statistically significant results. • Animal models for the disease are very useful: you can do more experiments without upsetting patients and their families. • More recently, tissue culture cells and even simpler model systems can sometimes be used.

Statistical Analysis • Allows decision making based on math and not just speculation. • A major fallacy that statistics is designed to reduce is basing conclusions on anecdotal evidence (one or a small number of observations that occurred to someone you know). Your brother-in-law’s cousin won the lottery while wearing a rabbit’s foot, so you now go out and get a rabbit’s foot too. • common things to calculate from the data: mean (the average) and standard deviation. • Many results fall into a bell-shaped curve. Standard deviation is the width of the curve: the points on the curve where 2/3 of all observations fall between. For example: a group of men has average (mean) height of 176 cm plus or minus 10 cm (176  10) means 2/3 of everyone was between 166 and 186 cm. • Conclusions based on statistics take both the mean and the standard deviation into account: how much do the two groups overlap?

Active Principles • A big idea from the early 1800’s: The reason that certain plants are effective against particular diseases is because they contain specific chemical compounds (the active principles) , with the rest of the plant material irrelevant. • If you isolate (or synthesize) the active principle, you can control the dosage people are given and avoid giving them other plant compounds that might have bad side effects. • In contrast, the amount a plant contains can vary with environmental conditions, age of the plant, the plant’s genetics, and many other factors. • Also, it is possible to determine whether a given plant is actually effective, or which parts of mixtures are important. • This concept led to people trying to extract the active principles from plants. For instance: which works better, soaking the plant material in cold water, hot water, alcohol, etc.? Which part of the plant produces the most active principle? • Lots of help from alchemy, the precursor to modern chemistry.

Organic Chemistry • It was once thought that "organic" chemical compounds could only be made by living organism: that's what "organic" means. • The doctrine of Vitalism, which is now thought to be false: living organisms and their components are endowed with a "vital force" that is separate from their chemical reactions. • Nowadays we think of life as just a set of complex chemical reactions. I wish to note, however, that so far no one has been able to create life in the laboratory. • In 1828, Friedrich Wöhler synthesized urea (waste product from nitrogen in protein) from inorganic compounds. Followed by many others. Vitalism loses vitality: "The great tragedy of science, the slaying of a beautiful hypothesis by an ugly fact.", to quote Wöhler. • We now believe that any chemical compound found in living organisms can be synthesized in the laboratory from simple precursors. • We don't necessarily know how to create some of the more complicated one, but it isn't considered impossible. • Organic compounds now just mean those containing carbon. A few exceptions like carbon dioxide are mostly for historical reasons.

More Organic Chemistry • Another big event: mauve dye synthesized accidentally, while trying to make quinine. It's a big seller: suddenly there's money to be made in organic chemistry. • In 1863, Friedrich Kekule describes how carbon bonds with other atoms: the structure of organic compounds becomes clear. • His breakthrough idea, how the 6 carbons in benzene link into a ring, came to him in a dream. • Synthesis in multiple step processes, separation techniques, analytical methods, lots of chance findings. • Germany was the leader in this field. • How this relates to medicinal plants: You can modify the structure of useful chemical compounds and sometimes make them more effective, or have fewer side effects, or more stable during storage, or other useful properties.

Medicinal Chemistry • The effect of organic chemistry and the scientific method: useful compounds are still isolated from plants: taxol is a recent example. However, once isolated, attempts are made to synthesize them and modify them. • This helps avoid the supply of the plant from being cut off due to disease or political or economic reasons. • The Germans pioneered this philosophy of self-sufficiency in the 1800’s because they had poor access to the ocean trade routes and very few overseas colonies. • Also, synthesizing an active principle from scratch proves that you really do understand its structure. • It is worth considering whether the healing effect of a plant is due solely to a single active compound, with all others irrelevant. There are many cases where several compounds acted synergistically. And, healing is also helped by the placebo effect and also by careful individual attention from a healer. We are not just biological machines that respond uniformly to impersonal treatment.

Drug Discovery Where do new medicinal drugs come from? More precisely: where do drug families come from, since once a useful pharmaceutical drug has been discovered, it gets modified in thousands of ways by chemists trying to improve it. In the past, two sources: compounds suggested by traditional herbal medicine, and serendipitous (random chance) discoveries. Today, rational drug design is becoming important: understanding of how the disease works and where it might be intervened with, coupled with knowledge of the physical structure of enzymes involved allows the design of completely new drug molecules. Also, combinatorial chemistry: start with a useful compound, make a large library of modified versions, then test them all against a target. The whole process of discovering and testing a new drug is very expensive and laborious: let's say $1 billion and 10 years to get from discovering a new drug to getting it on the market.

Active Principles in Plants • The value of plants as medicine come from specific chemical compounds they contain. These compounds are secondary metabolites: not directly related to the plant’s ability to grow or reproduce. • Secondary metabolites are probably present as a defense against infection by bacteria or fungi, or to prevent insects and other animals from eating them. • Some secondary metabolites inhibit other plant species: they poison the soil. • Also, some are used to attract animals to help with pollination and seed dispersal: the scents of fruits and flowers, for example. • Different species produce different secondary metabolites. Within plant families, the secondary metabolites are similar. For instance, the carrot family and mustard family. • A 2001 study counted 122 compounds used in medicine that were derived from traditional herbal medicine. Of these, 80% were used for the purpose the herbalists said they were good for. Traditional herbal medicine is a very useful starting point for drug discovery. • It is thought that about 10,000 different plants have been used in herbal medicine at some point in human history.

Major Groups of Secondary Metabolites • Alkaloids. Many different compounds, found in many plants. They all contain nitrogen atoms, are alkaline (basic), and taste bitter. Structures vary widely. • Often affect the nervous system. Whether this is good or bad depends on dosage and your point of view. For example, morphine. • Glycosides. A sugar is attached to the active component. This makes them non-toxic until an enzyme removes the sugar, which happens in the digestive system. • Cyanogenic. Very simple: cyanide attached to a sugar. Remove the sugar and release the poison: it stops the ability to make ATP. • Steroid. Steroids have a particular ring structure and are used to make hormones in animals. Two main types: • cardioactive (meaning that they affect your heart). • Saponins are soapy and very toxic: they work especially well as fish poisons because they dissolve easily in water. The steroid found in yams (Dioscorea) is a saponin.

Some Glycosides

Malaria Malaria is a disease native to Africa. It has probably evolved with us for a very long time: closely related diseases affect chimpanzees, gorillas, and other mammals. Malaria is thought to killed more people than any other infectious disease. It kills between 1 and 3 million people a year, mostly young children in sub-Saharan Africa. It is widespread in the tropics throughout the world, and it can be found in temperate areas as well. Many Southern cities used to empty out in the summer as anyone with sufficient resources would leave town to avoid malaria, going to hill country or the seashore. Large effects on war. More soldiers died of disease (often malaria) than by violence until modern times. Nomads had less malaria than city dwellers, which gave them a big advantage. After malaria came to the New World, Native Americans had no resistance and many died of it. In contrast, Africans often had resistance, so they worked better as slaves.

Malaria Cases in 1996

Malaria as a Disease • The disease is caused by a single celled eukaryotic parasite called Plasmodium falciparum, plus a few closely related species of Plasmodium. The parasites are highly adapted to humans and have several ways of evading the immune system and remaining dormant. • The disease itself is cyclical: first you get chills, then a fever, then fever with sweats (cold-dry, hot-dry, hot-wet). Then, a feeling of complete exhaustion. At this point you either die or fall asleep for a while and wake up refreshed. Then the cycle starts again, with a 2-3 day period. • The parasites live in red blood cells, and when they rupture the cells, the victim gets anemia and a heavy dose of toxic hemoglobin derivatives. • Malaria can be a chronic recurring disease: many people never get rid of it, and it can start up again at any time. • Other symptoms include severe headaches caused by intracranial pressure, renal failure (blackwater fever), anemia, enlarged spleen and enlarged liver.

Malaria and Mosquitoes • Malaria has long been associated with swamps. The word “malaria” means “bad air” is Italian: it was thought that the disease was caused by the poisonous vapors of the stagnant water and rotting vegetation. This theory goes back to Hippocrates. • Called ague in other places: mentioned several places in Shakespeare. • In the 1850’s it was recognized that malaria was caused by a parasite spread by mosquitoes. • An amusing wrong turn: in 1878, a bacterium was alleged to be the cause of malaria (the Germ Theory of Disease as the answer to all problems). The problem with this: bacteria are much easier to kill than eukaryotic parasites because as prokaryotes, the metabolism of bacteria differ in major ways from that of eukaryotes. • The actual life cycle of the parasite was worked out n the late 1800’s and early 1900’s.

Malaria Life Cycle • The Plasmodium parasite needs to be in three different locations to complete its life cycle. It undergoes several changes of form during the process. • Human liver. Shortly after the mosquito injects the parasites, they migrate to the liver. Some of the parasites can remain dormant in liver cells for months or years, periodically releasing the next stage of parasites into the blood and causing a relapse of disease symptoms. • Human red blood cells. After multiplying and changing their form in the liver, the parasites move into the red blood cells. They multiply and burst the blood cells, causing the disease symptoms. • Mosquito’s gut. After a mosquito ingests infected blood, the parasites undergo sexual reproduction in its gut, and the resulting parasites migrate to the salivary gland. • The cycle repeats when the mosquito bites a new host.

Malaria Prevention • The most effective way to eliminate malaria has been to eliminate the mosquitoes that carry the parasite. • Eliminating swamps and stagnant water has historically been the most effective method. • The insecticide DDT was used very effectively from the 1940’s to the 1970’s. Unfortunately it is quite persistent in the environment and toxic to birds and other animals. Its used was banned for most purposes. • Similarly, spraying stagnant water with kerosene was effective for control, but it kills the fish. • Sleeping under insecticide-treated mosquito nets can be quite effective. • Very little malaria in the US or Europe any more due to effective mosquito control measures.

Genetic Resistance to Malaria • Natural selection for malaria resistance has caused the spread of several human genetic conditions that affect red blood cells. • These conditions are otherwise very harmful. • Sickle cell anemia is an alteration of hemoglobin that causes it to crystallize into long rods when oxygen gets low (while exercising, for example). This causes the blood cells to get distorted and kills the parasites. The mutation seems to have arisen at least 4 times independently in different parts of Africa, and once in India. • Other hemoglobin diseases, called thallassemias, also protect against malaria. There are many forms, found in the Mediterranean region all the way across Asia to Indonesia. • Several other diseases affecting the red blood cells also confer some malaria resistance and are found in the malaria belt.

Quinine • Quinine is an alkaloid found in the bark of the cinchona tree, which grows in the Andes Mountains, mostly in Peru. It was used to reduce fever by the native peoples. 1630’s. • The tree was named after the Countess of Chinchon by Linnaeus (who accidentally left out an h). She was the first known European user of the bark as a malaria treatment.. All other treatments had failed, so her physician decided to try a medicine obtained from local healers. (This story may be less than historically accurate). • Quinine kills the malaria parasites in the blood. Since the parasites also live in the liver, quinine must be taken daily to prevent a relapse of the disease. • The supply was controlled by Jesuit priests for a long time, and so the medicine was known as “Jesuit’s bark”. • It worked very well in many cases, unlike all other malaria cures. • However, some bark worked better than others, due to concentration differences n quinine. High altitude trees produced much more than sea level trees. • Oliver Cromwell, an English revolutionary in the 1600’s, died of malaria rather than use a product associated with the Roman Catholics he hated.

More Quinine • Gathering the bark kills the trees, so demand started to far outstrip supply. Quite expensive, and headed for extinction. • In 1860, the British started growing cinchona in India and Sri Lanka (after stealing the seeds). Spread to Dutch Indonesia also. • Quinine is quite bitter, which led to the development of the mixed drink the gin-and-tonic. This drink was developed by the British army in India during the 1700’s. It is used to flavor and dilute the alcohol in gin, and make its administration much more pleasant. Tonic water was originally a mixture of quinine and carbonated water, with sweeteners added to ease the bitterness. The juniper berry taste of gin complements the bitterness of the quinine. • Cheap and plentiful quinine from India allowed Indians, Chinese, and Europeans to live many places they hadn’t beforehand. Distribution of the 20 million Indians living outside India

New World Quinine vs. Old World Malaria • The oddity here: the cure for a disease was in a plant that didn’t grow anywhere near where the disease was. Is this just a chance event? What is the natural selection (scientific) reason why quinine existed in that bark? Just a general plant defense mechanism: it tastes bad? Is it just chance that it happened to fit a human problem very neatly? What did the American native people use it for, and why does it work for that, or why did they think it did? • What about the possibility that malaria existed in the New World before Columbus? Evidence against it: no natural genetic resistance, with lots of it in the Old World. Also, Aztec and Mayan records don’t describe the disease in a way that anyone has been able to recognize. • Used it for fever and a muscle relaxant • The old doctrine that every disease has its cure somewhere in the vicinity. Probably comes from some ancient healer like Hippocrates or Galen. But, there is no reason to think its true. It describes a Universe that is set up for our purposes. In the world of Science, we don’t consider that a valid concept. • There are undoubtedly many medically useful compounds in plants that have not been discovered yet: a good reason to maintain biodiversity.

Artemisinin • Many anti-malarial drugs have been developed. Artemisinin is the active principle in the plant Artemisia annua (wormwood). This plant has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat fevers. • In the 1960’s, Chinese scientists tested 200 traditional medicines that had been used to treat malaria. Only this one worked. • It also works against other blood parasites such as schistosomes (blood flukes). • The drug has been modified by organic chemists to make it more stable and usable by the human metabolic system. • Current work on malaria includes much effort to develop a vaccine. Unfortunately, the parasite is very good at evading the immune system.

Aspirin • Today, aspirin is probably the most widely used synthetic drug. However, it originated in the plant world. • The inner bark of willow trees, made into a tea, has been used for relief of pain, fever, and inflammation since ancient times. Hippocrates discussed in ancient Greece, and it is also mentioned in medical works from ancient Sumerian city of Ur in 3000 BC. Native American tribes also used it. • The active ingredient in willow bark is salicylic acid. It is a plant hormone: it is released when the plant is wounded, and stimulates the cells to strengthen their cell walls and produce enzymes and other compounds to fight the infection. • It also gets converted to a volatile form, methyl salicylate (which is Oil of Wintergreen). This compound induces pathogen defense mechanisms in nearby plants. • Salicylic acid was extracted from willow bark in the early 1800’s.

More Aspirin • Salicylic acid is very irritating. It gets used today as a wart remover! In low concentrations, it is used to exfoliate the skin (remove dead cells) and unclog pores. It also was very hard on the stomach, which limited its usefulness. However, salicylic acid was used as a painkiller in the middle 1800’s. • In the 1890’s, chemists at Bayer Laboratories in Germany developed a derivative, acetyl salicylic acid, that was less harsh. • It was marketed as aspirin. • During World War 1, the Bayer patent on aspirin was voided in Britain, and “aspirin” became a term anyone could legally use. • After the US entered World War 1, all of Bayer’s property was auctioned off, including even the name “Bayer Aspirin”. The Bayer company survived in Germany, and in 1994, they bought back the US rights to their own name for $1 billion.

How Aspirin Works • Aspirin reduces the production of prostaglandins, by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX). COX converts the fatty acid arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. • Prostaglandins are molecules that act as local hormones, transmitting signals between cells. They are released from injured cells. They sensitize pain nerves so fire more easily, meaning that you feel more pain. • They also raise the body’s internal temperature. • Aspirin also inhibits blood clotting. It is often used in low doses to prevent heart attacks.

COX-2 Inhibitors • There are 2 forms of COX. Aspirin inhibits both of them. But newer drugs inhibit just COX-2. • COX-1 produces prostaglandins in the digestive system that protect it, while COX-2 produces prostaglandins responsible for pain and inflammation. Aspirin’s well known properties as a stomach irritant are due to its inhibiting COX-1 in addition to COX-2. • Drugs inhibiting COX-2 only have been found. Vioxx and Celebrex became very popular drugs for treating arthritis and chronic pain. They are much easier on the stomach than aspirin is. However, they seem to cause an increase in blood clots and heart attacks. In light of this, Vioxx was taken off the market and use of Celebrex is greatly decreased.

Foxglove and Dropsy • Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) is an Old World plant, found in much of Europe, western Asia and northern Africa. It is a biennial. In the first year it makes a rosette of leaves close to the ground, and in the second year is grows a tall flower stalk. It is a common ornamental garden flower. All parts of it are quite poisonous! • Long a part of many herbal cures • Congestive heart failure (called dropsy in the old days) is a condition where the heart can’t pump enough blood to satisfy the body’s needs. It is a slowly progressing condition, not a sudden stopping of the heart. • Symptoms: swelling of feet, ankles, and lungs due to fluid buildup, shortness of breath, general tiredness. • Retention of fluid is called edema. • Problem is, the heart can’t push the blood through the kidneys with enough force to get them to work properly in excreting all the water.

Digitalis as Herbal Medicine • William Withering was an English doctor in the 1700’s. He also wrote a book about English plants. • Withering hated botany in college, but he fell in love with a woman who liked to paint flowers, and while collecting them for her he became devoted to botany. • He had a patient with very bad dropsy, who he expected to die within days. A few weeks later he returned, and she was alive and much healthier. He learned that she had used an herbal recipe “kept secret by an old woman in Shropshire” . It was very effective in relieving the symptoms of dropsy. • There were 20 or more components to the recipe, but, after paying the herbalist a good sum of money, learned that foxglove was the important one. • Other ingredients were present to induce vomiting and other side effects, which proved to the patient how strong the medicine was. • He spent 10 years researching which part of the plant was most effective, when to harvest it, how to extract it, and what the optimum dose was. • Previous dropsy treatment: puncture the tissues with a (non-sterile) scalpel, then stretch the patient over bedsprings and collect the fluid in buckets. • Some doctors didn’t approve of foxglove as a treatment, since it had its origins in witchcraft. Also, many cases of overdose occurred (if a little bit is good, then a lot must be better!). Also, it didn’t cure other diseases that herbalists alleged it was good for

Digoxin • The active chemical compounds in foxglove were isolated in the early 1900’s. They are several steroid glycosides, with the most active one being digoxin. It is still used in treating congestive heart failure. • Digoxin increases the pumping force of the heart muscles. Too much can lead to a heart attack. • Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the US. Dropsy was very common 200 years ago, but it is easily treated today.

Coumarin and Blood Clotting • Coumarin is a chemical compound that produces the smell of freshly mown grass. It is used in the perfume industry, as a substitute for vanilla, and as a flavoring agent for tobacco. • Coumarin can be converted into a powerful anti-coagulant by enzymes found in fungi. • The blood doesn’t clot, causing the victim to bleed to death. • Origin: In the 1920’s, cows at Wisconsin dairy farms started bleeding to death after de-horning or castration, and some just spontaneously. A little observation showed that it occurred after that had eaten hay that had been made from sweet clover and was moldy. Non-moldy hay had no effect. • Chemists at the University of Wisconsin developed an assay for blood clotting using rabbits, and after several years of effort, they isolated the active compound.

More Coumarin • Clover makes good silage: cows like the way it tastes. Care must be taken to prevent fungal infection, which converts the sweet-smelling coumarin to the anti-coagulant dicoumarol. • It proved to be useful for preventing blood clots, which can kill by blocking blood circulation in the heart or brain. • Once dicoumarol was isolated, various chemical modifications were tried, and soon a much stronger one, warfarin, was created. • Named for the Wisconsin Alumni research Foundation (WARF). • Warfarin interferes with vitamin K, which is needed for blood clotting. The antidote to warfarin is large doses of vitamin K.

Warfarin • Warfarin is primarily used as rat poison. It is odorless and tasteless, so rats will eat it when mixed with food. It usually takes several feedings to build up a lethal dose, so the rats don’t associate it with the food. • Mice and rats are bad to have around. They eat and contaminate our food. They spread salmonella and other diseases through their feces, which get everywhere in an infested house. They gnaw wires, pipes and wooden structures. The fleas on rats carried (and in some places still carry) bubonic plague. • By now, mice and rats have a lot of resistance to warfarin, so its use is declining. • There is a theory that Jozef Stalin was killed by his successor Nikita Khrushchev using warfarin in 1953. Stalin was the head of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union, which made him the absolute ruler of that country, • I find this a bit ironic: “a discrepancy between the expected result and actual results when enlivened by perverse appropriateness.”.

Ephedrine • Ephedrine is a stimulant and nasal decongestant. It is chemically similar to amphetamines. It is an alkaloid derived from plants in the genus Ephedra, which (unlike almost all other plants we are examining) is a gymnosperm. • It has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat asthma and bronchitis. • In sports, ephedrine is considered a performance-enhancing drug and is banned. • A big reason why ephedrine is regulated: Baltimore Orioles pitcher Steve Bechler died in 2003 with ephedrine toxicity playing a “significant role”. He died of a heatstroke at the beginning of spring training in the hot weather of south Florida. • The illegal dugs methamphetamine and MDMA (Ecstasy) can be made relatively easily from ephedrine and its close mimic pseudoephedrine (also found in plants). For this reason, most states regulate the amount you can buy. • In Illinois you are required to show identification, give them your address, and you can only but 1 package a day.

Reserpine and Schizophrenia • Snakeroot is the common name of several unrelated plants with long coiled roots. It fits the Doctrine of Signatures quite well, and so it has been used to treat snakebite in several different cultures. • We are concerned here with Rauwolfia serpentina, the snakeroot that grows in India. It is also used in traditional Chinese medicine, and was discovered by the semi-legendary emperor Shen Nung. It was used as a general poison antidote, and as a tranquilizer and cure for insanity. • In the 1950’s, the alkaloid reserpine was isolated from snakeroot. It acts as a sedative, and was used as a treatment for schizophrenia. It also lowered blood pressure • Today, resperine is mostly used to combat high blood pressure. It causes the blood vessels to relax. However, other drugs have taken its place. Hypertension is a major medical issue, so much scientific effort goes into finding drugs to control it effectively. The sedative effects of reserpine are a strongly negative side effect for this use.

Schizophrenia • About 1% of the US population has some form of schizophrenia. Most develop it between ages 16 and 30, and only rarely after age 45. It can be hard to recognize in younger people. • “lose touch with reality”: • hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren’t there). Voices telling you what to do, invisible fingers touching you, smelling odors no one else can detect. Hearing voices is the most common symptom. • Delusions: false beliefs that cannot be changed by facts (especially if they are not common in your culture). People of television are speaking directly to you, radio waves are controlling your behavior, belief that you are a famous historical figure (like Napoleon), belief that others are plotting against you or trying to harm you. • Movement disorders: agitated body movements, repeating the same motions over and over, walking oddly. • “flat affect”: your face shows no emotion and you talk in a dull monotone • Inability to plan, or sustain planned activities, or make decisions. • inability to interact with others properly: speech is disconnected and makes no sense to others.

What Causes Schizophrenia? • The actual cause isn’t clear, but both genetics and the environment play a role. • Genetics: it “runs in families”. The risk in the general population is 1%, but it’s 10% if a sibling or parent has it, and 50% if an identical twin has it. However, no specific gene is known to cause schizophrenia, despite serious efforts to find one. It is a “complex genetic trait”: probably many genes contribute small amounts to your risk. • Environment: possibly virus exposure or malnutrition before birth play a role (but no specific viruses have been identified). Trauma: child abuse and neglect seems to play a significant role in the development of some schizophrenia. Post-traumatic stress disorder and other adult traumas may also play a role. Hallucinogenic drugs such as LSD can trigger schizophrenia in people who are pre-disposed to get it. • Marijuana use is high among schizophrenics, and tobacco use is also far above the general population, but this may be the result of self-medication and not causation. But, marijuana may increase the risk. • No obvious differences in brain structure associated with schizophrenia. It is strictly a mental illness.

Treatment • Old days: jail, insane asylum, being treated as a witch or possessed by demons. Or, occasionally treated as a saint communicating with God. • Pyschosurgery. The lobotomy involved destroying part of the frontal lobes of the brain. It became very popular in the 1940’s, but in the 1950’s, psychoactive drugs were shown to be more effective and less damaging. • Electroconvulsive therapy. Mostly used for chronic depression today. • Drug treatment. First generation drugs included reserpine and thorazine. Newer drugs target the dopamine system in the brain. • They have some side effects like drowsiness and dizziness. Also, major weight gain and an increased risk of diabetes. • Long term use can result in “tardive dyskinesia”, which is uncontrollable muscle movements. • If you stop taking the medication abruptly, relapse can occur. Many people stop taking them because they feel better and the side effects get intolerable. Drug treatment may need to be lifelong. • Different people respond to different drugs in different ways: it is necessary to try several out to find the best one. • Behavioral treatment: it is possible to develop mental skills to manage the disease: to ignore the voices in your head, to act normal even if you don’t feel normal, to rest the reality of your thoughts. Self-help groups and family education help a lot.

Saints, Demonic Possession, Insane Asylums • z

Psychosurgery • The lobotomy (also called leucotomy) was invented by Portuguese doctor Egas Moniz, who won a Nobel Prize for it in 1949. • The idea was to destroy the prefrontal cortex, or sever their connection to the rest of the brain. It was meant to help cases of severe mental illness, at a time when there was no effective treatment. Psychotic people were simply confined to insane asylums before this. • The prefrontal cortex the part of the brain immediately behind the eyes, which is involved with the executive function of the brain: predicting outcomes, differentiating between conflicting ideas, personality expression, decision making and social behavior. • Walter Freeman, an American psychiatrist, simplified the procedure so it could be done in cheaply in a mental hospital. A thin instrument was placed under the eyelid and against the top of the eye socket. Then it was pounded through the thin bone into the brain with a mallet. The instrument was swept from side to side, severing the connections. Repeated on the other side. • Approximately 40,000 lobotomies in the US in the 1940’s and early 1950’s. Freeman drove around in a “lobotomobile”, performing the surgery at mental hospitals. Stopped with the advent of drug therapy. Freeman lost his medical license after killing a patient.

Cancer Treatments • Cancer is the uncontrolled division of cells that eventually overwhelm the normal functions of the body. • Normal cells stop dividing in response to signals: wound healing, for example. • Cancer always starts with a single cell. It takes 4 or 5 separate mutations to transform a cell to the cancerous state. It multiplies into a tumor. • In addition to uncontrollable division, a growing tumor must attract new blood vessels to fed itself. Eventually, many tumors metastatize: pieces break off an move through the blood to new locations. • Cancer treatments suffer from natural selection: if you kill almost all the tumor cells but leave a few resistant cells alive, they multiply and the tumor grows back, now resistant to the therapy you applied. • Different cell types become cancerous in different ways, making a general cancer treatment difficult. • However, most cancer treatments (chemotherapy and radiation therapy) focus on stopping cell division. Common side effects like nausea, joint pain and hair loss are due to cell division stopping in other tissues.

Vinca Alkaloids • The Madagascar periwinkle Catharanthus roseus (used to be Vinca rosea) was used as a traditional Chinese remedy for diabetes. In the 1950’s it was tested scientifically, and it had little effect on diabetes. However, the scientists noticed that it suppressed bone marrow activity. This led to the finding that the lifespan of mice with leukemia was significantly prolonged by Vinca extracts. Vinca contains over 70 different alkaloids, but purification work isolated vincristine and vinblastine as the active agents. • These drugs prevent cell division by binding to the mitotic spindle, the apparatus that pulls the chromosomes apart. It binds to the spindle proteins, preventing them from joining together. • They are very useful in treating leukemia, which is cancer of the bone marrow cells that produce blood cells. It also helps with several other cancers.

• More by User

Medicinal Plants. The whole medicine. How many are used?. 75% of the world population depends on traditional herbal medicine In the United state 10% of all prescribed drugs have primary component extract from plant 25% of our common medicine contain some compounds from plants. History.

1.28k views • 33 slides

Collection of medicinal plants

Collection of medicinal plants. Drugs may be collected from wild or cultivated plants. It is known that the active constituents of medicinal plants are affected by many factors and may vary during the course of plant growth. Proper time of collection is very important to obtain a drug of a good quality..

1.27k views • 27 slides

Thursday Lecture – Medicinal Plants

Thursday Lecture – Medicinal Plants. Reading: Textbook, Chapter 11. Margarine – made from fats - originally from animal fats - white in color, so yellow dye added to create appearance of butter Advantage: Stores better than butter Dairy Industry – fought against use of margarine - Taxes

839 views • 40 slides

African medicinal plants against malaria

African medicinal plants against malaria. Dr Merlin Willcox, RITAM (Research Initiative on Traditional Antimalarial Methods). Meeting Objectives. To share information To develop a collaborative action programme for Africa-wide production and distribution of appropriate herbal antimalarials.

324 views • 30 slides

Mildred Using Plants: The Medicinal Value of Plants

Mildred Using Plants: The Medicinal Value of Plants. Class Period 1. Luanna B. Prevost and Paula P. Lemons, Plant Biology, The University of Georgia. Learning Objectives. Name some plants used by humans for medicinal purposes. Explain how plants use the metabolites that humans also use.

475 views • 19 slides

Phytochemical investigations on six medicinal plants

Phytochemical investigations on six medicinal plants. Mohammad Nur -e- Alam School of Chemistry Bangor University. Extraction and Isolation in Carduus crispus. Carduuside A. EI MS Fragmentations. Important HOHAHA and HMBC Correlations. Carduuside B.

541 views • 21 slides

Medicinal Plants. Tree Photographs taken at Russell Cave National Monument Bridgeport, Alabama. Native American doctors, called medicine men, used trees, flowers, and other plant parts to cure sicknesses. These plants are called medicinal plants .

2.23k views • 18 slides

Medicinal Plants of the Sonoran Desert

Medicinal Plants of the Sonoran Desert. Arlo Ogden naturalist , historian, park ranger, educator and veteran. Educational Series. Learning Objectives. Following this presentation, participants will: Learn which desert plants maybe beneficial Learn on collection and use techniques

435 views • 22 slides

The Gift of India’s Medicinal Plants

The Gift of India’s Medicinal Plants. By: Bianca Cardenas. Background Information. Seventh Largest Country in the World Biological Diversity (ranging from deserts to mountains to tropical forest) Over 1.1 billion people (second highest population)

311 views • 9 slides

Course: medicinal plants

Course: medicinal plants. Muhammad Qasim Hayat. Alkaloids . group of naturally occurring chemical compounds that contain mostly basic nitrogen atoms. also includes some related compounds with neutral  and even weakly acidic  properties Low molecular weight Nitrogenous compounds

1.54k views • 81 slides

Biopiracy on Zambian Medicinal Plants

Biopiracy on Zambian Medicinal Plants. PAPER PRESENTED AT THE FIRST ACCESS AND BENEFIT SHARING WORKSHOP FOR AFRICA, CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA, 19 – 24 NOVEMBER 2006 by Lovemore Simwanda. Structure of the Presentation. Background Name and Type of Genetic Material Actors involved

389 views • 14 slides

Medicinal Plants. David S. Seigler Department of Plant Biology University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois 61801 USA [email protected] http://www.life.illinois.edu/seigler. Outline: Medicinal Plants. Importance o “Primitive” cultures + Link to religion

3.1k views • 90 slides

Potential Indian Medicinal Plants Against Psoriasis

Potential Indian Medicinal Plants Against Psoriasis. Dr. Sushil K. Singh Department of Pharmaceutics Institute of Technology Banaras Hindu University Varanasi – 221005, India. Environmental. Immunological. Genetic. Psoriasis.

498 views • 15 slides

Medicinal plants and medicinal plant materials that contain polysaccharides

Medicinal plants and medicinal plant materials that contain polysaccharides. Carbohydrates - a large group of primary products of photosynthesis, which are aldegydes and ketoalcogol. Carbohydrates are divided into: Monosaccharides - trioses , tetroses , pentoses and hexoses ;

542 views • 21 slides

MEDICINAL PLANTS – THE JAMAICAN/CARIBBEAN EXPERIENCE

MEDICINAL PLANTS – THE JAMAICAN/CARIBBEAN EXPERIENCE. MINISTRY OF HEALTH JAMAICA PRINCESS THOMAS OSBOURNE 2006 March 24. OBJECTIVES. Provide a Caribbean/Jamaican Perspective on herbal medicinals

838 views • 42 slides

Introduction of medicinal plants

Introduction of medicinal plants. Part (I) : The Leaf. I- Introduction. II- Examples. I- Introduction of leaf. 1- Definition. 4- leaf structure. ● Morphology ● Histology. Introduction of Leaves. 3- Types of leaves. 2- Phyllotaxis. Introduction of leaf. ● Definition

4.03k views • 73 slides

medicinal plants of peru

People choose Ayahuasca for a variety of reasons, including treatment of depression or addiction, for spiritual reasons, physical ailments, post-traumatic stress disorder and other psychological issues. If you’d like to know more about the benefits of Ayahuasca, visiting sourceperu.com is a good place to start.

228 views • 4 slides

Medicinal Plants in India

Buy variety of medicinal plants online at Ferns N Petals includes Basil, Bay, Coriander, Oregano etc. The Herbal plants are helpful in purifying air and keaps you healthy and free from Diseases. Browser for more herbs and kitchen plants.

183 views • 9 slides

Medicinal plants and Usefulness for Health

69 views • 4 slides

Plants With Medicinal Qualities

Plants With Medicinal Qualities. Andrew Ferguson Kumar Patel Tye Throneberry. Ginkgo biloba. Ginkgo biloba is one of the most commonly used herbal medicines in the world. It has been used for thousands of years in China.

409 views • 36 slides

Slidesgo.net is an independent website that offers free powerpoint templates and is not part of Freepik/any particular brand. Read the privacy policies

herbal Powerpoint templates and Google Slides themes

Discover the best herbal PowerPoint templates and Google Slides themes that you can use in your presentations.

Abstract White Flowers PowerPoint Template

Bouquet of daisie powerpoint templates, natural product logo design powerpoint templates, supplement pills on plate powerpoint templates, medicine herb and herbal pills powerpoint templates, slidesgo categories.

• Abstract 13 templates
• Agency 15 templates
• All Diagrams 1331 templates
• Brand Guidelines 3 templates
• Business 195 templates
• Computer 66 templates
• Education 97 templates
• Finance 54 templates
• Food 57 templates
• Formal 60 templates
• Fun 6 templates
• Industry 91 templates
• Lesson 67 templates
• Marketing 57 templates
• Marketing Plan 19 templates
• Medical 71 templates
• Military 21 templates
• Nature 119 templates
• Newsletter 5 templates
• Real Estate 46 templates
• Recreation 53 templates
• Religion 30 templates
• School 557 templates
• Simple 5 templates
• Social Media 8 templates
• Sports 46 templates
• Travel 26 templates
• Workshop 4 templates

Slidesgo templates have all the elements you need to effectively communicate your message and impress your audience.

Suitable for PowerPoint and Google Slides

Download your presentation as a PowerPoint template or use it online as a Google Slides theme. 100% free, no registration or download limits.

Want to know more?

• Frequently Asked Questions
• Google Slides Help
• PowerPoint help
• Who makes Slidesgo?

Got any suggestions?

We want to hear from you! Send us a message and help improve Slidesgo

Top searches

Trending searches

8 templates

solar eclipse

25 templates

ai technology

148 templates

55 templates

22 templates

Herbalist's Shop Business Plan

Herbalist's shop business plan presentation, free google slides theme, powerpoint template, and canva presentation template.

Medicinal plants exist since prehistoric times! Nowadays, it's all pills and shots, but traditional medicine was based on the use of these plants and its components. Interested in opening a herbal store? There's always room for them! First, download this green-colored template and use its soothing and "natural" design to present your business plan. That includes pointing out the results of your market analysis, the financial viability, promotion and other things to be taken into consideration.

Features of this template

• 100% editable and easy to modify
• 37 different slides to impress your audience
• Available in different colors
• Contains easy-to-edit graphics such as graphs, maps, tables, timelines and mockups
• Includes 500+ icons and Flaticon’s extension for customizing your slides
• Designed to be used in Google Slides, Canva, and Microsoft PowerPoint
• 16:9 widescreen format suitable for all types of screens
• Includes information about fonts, colors, and credits of the resources used

How can I use the template?

Am I free to use the templates?

How to attribute?

Combines with:

This template can be combined with this other one to create the perfect presentation:

Attribution required If you are a free user, you must attribute Slidesgo by keeping the slide where the credits appear. How to attribute?

Available colors.

Original Color

Related posts on our blog

How to Add, Duplicate, Move, Delete or Hide Slides in Google Slides

How to Change Layouts in PowerPoint

How to Change the Slide Size in Google Slides

Related presentations.

Premium template

Unlock this template and gain unlimited access

Register for free and start editing online