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UPSC Essay Topics - Important Essay Topics for UPSC Mains 2023

By vajiram & ravi.

Essay Course for UPSC

UPSC CSE Mains 2023 Essay Question Paper

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Understanding UPSC Essay Topics holds significant importance as it evaluates the candidate's ability to analyse, present arguments, and communicate effectively. In this article, we will explore the diverse range of UPSC essay topics, their significance, and essential tips to excel in this section. Get ready to enhance your writing and analytical skills and make a strong impression on the evaluators with well-crafted essays.

UPSC Essay Paper

The Essay paper in the UPSC Mains examination requires candidates to write multiple essays , each on a different topic, chosen from a given list of options. The essay topics for UPSC cover a wide range of issues, including social, economic, political, cultural, and philosophical aspects, both national and international.

The essay paper holds significant weightage in the UPSC Mains examination, contributing 250 marks out of the total 1750 marks . Scoring well in this section can have a considerable impact on the overall ranking and selection for the coveted civil services.

Weekly UPSC Essay Topics By Vajiram & Ravi

The UPSC Essay Paper is an opportunity for candidates to demonstrate their proficiency in expressing ideas and analysing complex issues. Vajiram & Ravi Pensive-Weekly Essay Writing Programme provides you with two Essay Topics every Saturday based on the previous year's question papers and the changing trends analysis. You can submit your Essay for peer evaluation on vajiramandravi.com. This will help you nourish your writing skills, give you clarity of thought, and build the capacity to express opinions in a logical and coherent manner.

Important Essay Topics for UPSC 2023

The purpose of the essay paper is to assess the candidate's ability to critically analyse a topic, present well-structured arguments, and communicate their ideas effectively. It also evaluates their knowledge of various issues, their clarity of thought, and their capacity to express opinions in a logical and coherent manner.

Some of the Important Essay Topics to prepare for the UPSC Mains Examination 2023 are:

• Gender Equality
• Environment/Urbanization
• Economic Growth
• Federalism/Decentralization
• Agriculture
• Economics 

UPSC Essay Topics on Philosophy

Every year, UPSC typically provides you with two or more essay topics centred around philosophical thoughts, Indian philosophical schools, or quotes from notable personalities. To effectively address these philosophical topics, you should refer to Philosophy Books to gain a foundational understanding. Here is a list of UPSC Essay Topics on Philosophy :

• Everything comes to him, who hustles while he waits.
• We are always blind as we want to be.
• You cannot step twice in the same river.
• A disciplined mind brings happiness.
• The price of Greatness is Responsibility.
• People would rather Believe than Know.
• Mind - A beautiful Servant? Or a dangerous Master?

UPSC Essay Topics on Art and Culture

The UPSC Essay Topics related to Indian society, art, and culture cover a wide range of subjects, offering great diversity. To gain knowledge about the static content on these topics, you should rely on fundamental books on society, as recommended for the exam. Here is a list of UPSC Essay Topics on Indian Art and Culture :

• Culture changes with economic development.
• Culture is what we are, Civilization is what we have.
• Social reform is a myth if places of worship are open only to all castes and not to all genders.
• Impact of Globalization on Indian Art and Culture.
• Caste System - India’s Enduring Curse.
• Godmen - A Threat to Indian Art and Culture?

UPSC Essay Topics on Science and Technology

UPSC essay topics on Science and Technology can largely be addressed through current affairs. You may also benefit from consulting a Science and Technology Book for UPSC to compose a comprehensive and well-rounded essay. Here are some UPSC Essay Topics on Science and Technology:

• Deglobalisation is good for the world.
• Science is organised Knowledge. Wisdom is Organised life.
• Technology is a Weapon against Poverty.
• Prioritising Education Technology for Global Growth.
• Technology is the silent factor in International Relations.
• Scientific and Technological Progress cannot be equated with Human Progress.

UPSC Essay Topics on Education

Education stands as one of the preferred UPSC Essay Topics, with an essay related to this subject often appearing in the paper each year. To tackle this topic effectively, you should stay abreast of Current Affairs , incorporating significant changes and advancements in the field. Let's explore some of the Essay topics for UPSC centred around education:

• Self Education is a lifelong curiosity.
• Education Breeds Peace.
• Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance.
• Education must also train one for quick, resolute and effective thinking.
• Schooling is not Education.

UPSC Essay Topics on Polity and Governance

To comprehensively address Polity and Governance topics, you should acquire fundamental knowledge from Polity Books for UPSC and Current Affairs. These resources offer static information about relevant issues and their historical context, which proves valuable while writing UPSC Essay Topics on Polity. Here are some Essay Topics on Polity and Governance:

• The Role of Politics in Development.
• Should Youth in India Consider Politics as a Career?
• Art, Freedom and Creativity will change society faster than politics.
• The politics of Identity is the Politics of the Weak.
• People should not be afraid of their Government. The Government should be afraid of its people.
• Government Surveillance - Good or Bad?

UPSC Essay Topics on Economy

Essays concerning economic growth are frequently included in the Essay Paper. To tackle these topics effectively, you should refer to Economy Notes for UPSC to gain a comprehensive understanding. Once the fundamentals are grasped, you can enhance their essays by incorporating examples, data, and statistics to create a multidimensional perspective. Here is a list of UPSC Essay Topics on Economy:

• We don't have to sacrifice a Strong Economy for a Healthy Environment.
• India, a $5 trillion Economy - Dream or Reality?
• Digital Economy: A leveller or a source of Economic Inequality?
• Innovation is the key determinant of social welfare and economic growth.
• Labour Reforms in India and its Role in Economic Growth.

UPSC Essay Topics on Social Issues

Social issues are a significant aspect of the UPSC essay paper, reflecting the candidates' understanding of societal challenges and their ability to propose viable solutions. These essays provide a platform for candidates to analyse, critique, and suggest measures for pressing social concerns. Topics related to social issues in the UPSC Essay paper may include:

• Inclusivity and Plurality are the hallmarks of a Peaceful Society.
• A Gender-sensitive Indian Society is a prerequisite for Women and Child Empowerment.
• The weaker sections of Indian Society - are their Rights and Access to Justice getting Better?

Previous Year UPSC Essay Topics

Practising previous year's essay topics will help you become familiar with the UPSC exam pattern , word limit, and the types of essay questions frequently asked in the Mains Examination. Analysing past essay topics will also allow you to identify recurring themes and trends, enabling you to prioritise their preparation accordingly. Regular practice with past essay topics will instil confidence in you, helping you feel more comfortable and prepared for the actual exam.

• Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence.
• Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.
• History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man.
• A ship in the harbour is safe, but that is not what a ship is for.
• The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.
• A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities.
• Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.

Tips to Excel in UPSC Essay Paper

• Understand the Topics: Thoroughly comprehend the essay topics, including the keywords and instructions. Choose a topic that aligns with your strengths and interests.
• Plan and Structure: Devote some time to plan your essay. Create an outline and organise your thoughts in a structured manner, with a clear introduction, body, and conclusion.
• Be Objective: Present balanced arguments and avoid a biased or one-sided approach. Consider multiple perspectives and present a holistic view.
• Provide Examples and Evidence: Support your arguments with relevant examples, data, quotes and evidence to strengthen your essay.
• Maintain Clarity: Write in a clear and concise manner. Use simple language and avoid jargon or overly complex vocabulary.
• Practice Regularly: Regular practice is essential to improve Essay writing skills. Write essays on diverse topics to enhance your versatility.
• Time Management: Allocate appropriate time for planning, writing, and revising each essay to manage time effectively during the examination.
• Revise and Edit: Review your essays for coherence, grammar, and structure. Make necessary edits to refine your work.

FAQs on UPSC Essay Topics

What are the important UPSC Essay Topics?

Here is a list of UPSC Essay Topics asked in Mains Examination previously:

• Culture is what we are, civilization is what we have.
• Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.
• What is research but a blind date with knowledge?
• Best for an individual is not necessarily best for society.
• Wisdom finds truth.
• Ships don’t sink because of water around them, ships sink because of water that gets into them.
• Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality.
• Technology as the silent factor in international relations.

How do I Prepare for the UPSC Essay?

To prepare for the UPSC essay, focus on understanding the essay syllabus and past topics to identify recurring themes. Regularly practise writing essays on various topics to improve your writing skills and time management. Structure your essays with a clear introduction, main body, and conclusion.

Which is the best source to practise UPSC Essay Topics?

The best sources to prepare Essay for UPSC include official UPSC materials, newspapers, and magazines like The Hindu, Yojana , and Kurukshetra for current affairs, standard books on diverse subjects, government reports and publications, online platforms like PIB and PRS India, UPSC previous year papers for understanding the exam pattern, and regular practice of essay writing on various topics.

© 2024 Vajiram & Ravi. All rights reserved

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Achievements of Indians in Science & Technology

Last updated on September 30, 2022 by ClearIAS Team

What are the achievements of Indians in Science & Technology?

How easy was the indigenization of technology?

What are the new technologies developed by India?

Table of Contents

The decade of the 1950s

The experiment in science and technology that independent India has embarked on began with our leaders’ goal of bringing about social change through public investment in this field.

Atomic Energy Establishment

The year was 1954, and Homi J. Bhabha establishes the Atomic Energy Establishment. After his death, it was renamed the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. A presidential order later established the Department of Atomic Energy.

India’s Scientific Policy Resolution of 1958

It was the first science policy that placed a strong emphasis on fundamental research in almost every field of science.

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The policy also emphasized the development and availability of basic infrastructure for the advancement of scientific research.

India’s first digital computer

TIFRAC, India’s first digital computer, was built by the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Bombay (TIFR Automatic Computer).

The decade of 1960s

Birth of isro.

In 1962, Jawaharlal Nehru established the Indian National Committee for Space Research under the Department of Atomic Energy. In 1969, it was renamed the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Read more on privatization of the space sector.

Age of Rocketry

The first rocket launch facility in India was established by Vikram Sarabhai in 1963 at Thumba, not far from Thiruvananthapuram.

Maestros in Mathematics

The TIFR mathematicians M.S. Narasimhan and C.S. Seshadri created the Narasimhan-Seshadri Theorem in 1965. The most significant mathematical discovery to come out of India since independence maybe this one.

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The harvest of the Green revolution

Under Lal Bahadur Shastri’s government, the Green Revolution was started by M.S. Swaminathan with the significant support of C. Subramaniam, the minister of agriculture.

The Green Revolution transformed India from a food-insecure nation to one of the world’s top agricultural powers between 1967–1968 and 1977–1978.

Decade of 1970s

The smiling buddha.

India successfully conducted its first nuclear weapon test in Pokhran, Rajasthan, on May 18, 1974.

After the test, known as “Smiling Buddha,” India became the sixth nuclear state in the world to successfully test a nuclear bomb outside of the five permanent members of the United Nations, which are the US, Soviet Union, Britain, France, and China.

Birth of Satellites

On April 19, 1975, a massive polyhedron-shaped object was sent into space by rocket thrusters at a desolate-looking launch site in the Russian province of Astrakhan.

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It was “Aryabhata,” India’s first unmanned satellite, and a significant occasion in the history of the country.

Birth of Durga

On October 3, 1978, Dr. Subhash Mukherjee became the first physician in India and the second in the world to create a test tube baby. The baby, who was given the name Durga, is today known as Kanupriya Agarwal.

Decade of 1980s

Age of missile technology.

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam served as the program director for the Integrated Guided Missile Program by DRDO , which was launched on July 26, 1983. This program produced Prithvi, Trishul, Akash, Nag, and Agni as a result.

India walking towards Antarctica

Age of communication technology, a breakthrough in forensics.

Technology for DNA fingerprinting was created in 1988 by the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology. India was the third nation to create the technology.

Decade of 1990s

India’s super-duper home-made supercomputer.

India had been subject to a technological embargo when the PARAM supercomputer was first developed. India established the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, or C-DAC, in 1988 to promote the development of self-sufficiency.

PARAM 8000 was created in 1991 with a three-year timetable and a budget of about Rs 30 crore.

Communication in hands reach

On July 31, 1995, the former Chief Minister of West Bengal, Jyoti Basu, and the then-Union Telecom Minister, Sukh Ram, had a handheld mobile phone conversation. Two of Nokia’s first mobile phones were utilised, marking a first for India.

The network itself, is a joint venture between Australia’s Telstra and India’s B.K. Modi Group, was basic by modern standards but totally unclogged.

Buddha smiled again

Five nuclear bombs were successfully underground tested by India on May 11, 1998; these tests, known as “Pokhran-II,” were conducted in Pokhran, Rajasthan.

This day was designated as “National Technology Day” by our then-prime minister, Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee, in order to support a growing democracy’s technological advancement. Each year, it is celebrated.

Decade of 2000s

Rise of tejas.

The Tejas light combat aircraft, which was created domestically, made its first flight on January 4. Tejas has now been incorporated into the Air Force and the Navy. Tejas was designed by DRDO’s Aeronautical Development Agency and produced by Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd.

A giant leap for India

On a PSLV rocket, ISRO launched Chandrayaan 1, its first lunar lander, on October 22, 2008. An orbiter and an impactor probe were part of Chandrayaan 1, India’s first lunar mission.

The mission’s greatest accomplishment, besides becoming India the fourth country to plant a flag on the moon, was the identification of abundant water molecules in the lunar soil.

When the ocean got new friends

Under the Advanced Technology Vessel project, a DAE and DRDO partnership that started in the 1990s, nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines of the Arihant class were created.

The ballistic missile submarine Arihant is the first to have been constructed by a nation other than one of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council.

Decade of the 2010s

A voyage to mars.

On November 5, 2013, ISRO launched a spacecraft to Mars called the Mars Orbiter Mission, or Mangalyaan. On its maiden attempt, ISRO becomes the fourth space agency to send a spacecraft into Martian orbit and the first one to do so on its maiden voyage.

Annihilating a menace in India

India was home to almost 60% of all polio cases in the world in 1994. Within 20 years, polio was eradicated thanks to the government’s concerted effort to immunize every child. The World Health Organization (WHO) certified India as “Polio-free” on March 27, 2014.

Strong policy, devoted healthcare professionals, and front-line and community workers all contributed to the success of this immunization campaign.

The education of those in underdeveloped and rural sections of the nation who were reluctant to get immunized by raising awareness of its advantages and benefits was a significant component of this program.

The search for a cryogenic engine

In 2016, ISRO produces India’s first domestic cryogenic engine for its launch vehicle program after 20 years of research and development. This was started after the Russians refused to give ISRO, the technology.

Finding waves by India

The mathematical method created at the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics in Pune enabled the discovery of gravitational waves in September 2015 and June 2016 by the US-based Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory.

It turns out to be the most significant and sensitive technique for separating the extremely weak gravitational wave signal from the enormous quantity of additional astronomical noise that it is accompanied by.

Achievements of Indians in Science & Technology: Conclusion

How do we create useful information for a new future? By having a scientific disposition, or a scientific outlook on nature and society. It’s a good time to reflect on the past and look ahead to the future, 75 years after Independence.

What is obvious is that this crossroads is different from the one our country initially experienced when it was on its way.

Long way to go!

Article written by: Jis John Sebastian

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UPSC Essay Topics

The Upsc Essay Topics change every year, and aspirants are never sure what they will be. They can be about things like how the economy is doing, how women can be stronger, art and culture, or how the media affects us. Moreover, it’s a good idea to look at the essay questions from previous years to get an idea of what might be asked. This will help you practice writing essays and do well in the exam. With enough practice, you can become good at writing essays for the UPSC exam .

Furthermore, the IAS Essay section is very important in the UPSC exam. It contains 250 marks, and you must write two essay questions in three hours, each 1000 to 1200 words. Additionally, to prepare, it’s a good idea to look at previous upsc essay papers to understand what essay topics upsc might come up in the exam.

You can also check for UPSC Mains Toppers Booklist . [embedyt] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=am5JYNs9Y08[/embedyt]

UPSC Essay Topics 2024

The UPSC essay paper is one of the nine papers in the UPSC Mains exam . It’s a chance for candidates to share their opinions on social, economic, and political issues. UPSC usually chooses topics that are either related to current events or have a big impact on society. Moreover, some important IAS essay topics for the UPSC exam could include:

• Development
• Urbanisation
• Globalisation
• Bureaucracy/Civil Service
• Constitution
• Water Security
• Poverty/Hunger/Food Security
• Human Resources- Employment
• Social Media
• Privacy/Surveillance

UPSC Essay Topics: Previous Year Question Paper

Having access to the previous year’s essay topics can be useful. It gives you an idea of the types of essays asked in previous years. Moreover, That’s why we’ve provided the UPSC essay topics from the previous year’s UPSC question paper below.

• UPSC Essay Topics for year 2022
• UPSC Essay Topics for year 2021
• UPSC Essay Topics for year 2020
• UPSC Essay Topics for year 2019
• UPSC Essay Topics for year 2018

You can also check for how to write an essay for upsc .

UPSC Essay Topics: Topic wise

Here, we will discuss different UPSC Essay Topics that are frequently asked in the UPSC Examination.

UPSC Essay Topics on Administration 

If you want to prepare for Polity and Administration topics for the UPSC exam, you can start by reading books on Polity and Public Administration. Moreover, these books provide basic information about relevant issues and their history, which can be useful when writing essay questions on Polity and Public Administration for the UPSC exam. Some UPSC essay topics on these topics could include:

• Is autonomy the best answer to combat balkanisation?
• Politics without ethics is a disaster.
• Judicial activism and Indian democracy.
• The language politics in India: its past, present, and future.
• Is a better disaster management system need of the hour?
• Cooperative federalism: Myth or reality.
• Need for transparency in public administration.
• The VIP cult is a bane of Indian democracy.

UPSC Essay Topics on Science and Technology

To write an essay on Science and Technology topics for the UPSC exam, you can start by following current affairs related to this field. You can also refer to books on Science and Technology for UPSC to get a multidimensional perspective. Moreover, some possible Science and Tech UPSC essay topics could include:

• The modern doctor and his patients.
• The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced.
• Alternative technologies for a climate change-resilient India.
• Technology cannot replace manpower.
• Social media is inherently a selfish medium.
• Value-based science and education.
• Cyberspace and Internet: Blessing or curse to the human civilisation in the long run.
• The lure of space.
• Spirituality and scientific temper.
• The march of science and the erosion of human values.
• The cyberworld: Its charms and challenges.
• Science and Mysticism: Are they compatible?

UPSC Essay Topics on Women Empowerment

UPSC encourages gender equality in the workplace and often includes essay topics related to women. The UPSC Essay topics aims to understand the candidate’s level of critical thinking and ability to express their thoughts. Including data, references, and real-life examples can help earn extra marks while writing essays. Moreover, some possible UPSC essay topics related to women and women empowerment could include:

• Challenges and Prospects of Women Empowerment
• Ground realities of the new emerging women power
• Fulfillment of ‘new woman’ in India is a myth.
• Is the Indian working woman getting a fair deal- Managing work and home?
• Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.
• What if all the developed countries had women as their heads?
• Greater political power alone will not improve women’s plight.
• Whither women’s emancipation?

UPSC Essay Topics on Indian Culture & Society

The UPSC essay topics related to Indian society, art, and culture are always diverse. To prepare for these topics, candidates can read basic books on society that are typically referred to during the exam. Moreover, you can also use Art & Culture Notes for UPSC to help with your preparation. Some possible UPSC essay topics related to Indian culture and society are:

• Are new cults and godmen threats to the traditional religion?
• Modernism and our traditional socio-ethical values.
• Indian society is at a crossroads.
• The composite culture of Indian society
• Where the Youth culture of today is heading towards
• As civilisation progresses, culture declines.

UPSC Essay Topics on Philosophical Type

Every year, UPSC includes two or more UPSC essay topics related to philosophical thoughts, Indian philosophical schools, or quotes from famous personalities. Students can refer to Philosophy Books for UPSC to prepare for these topics to gain a basic background. Moreover, some possible UPSC essay topics related to philosophy or quotes from famous personalities are:

• Be the change you want to see in others.
• Reality does not conform to the ideal but confirms it.
• The paths of glory lead but to the grave.
• Our deeds determine us, as much as we determine our deeds.
• If youth knew if age could.
• Useless life is an early death.
• Search for truth can only be attained through spiritual means.
• Lending hands to someone is better than giving a dole.
• Words are sharper than a two-edged sword

UPSC Essay Topics on Education

Education is a popular UPSC essay topics , and almost every year, an essay related to education is asked in the paper. Moreover, to prepare for this topic, staying updated with current affairs and major changes and developments related to the field is important. Some possible UPSC essay topics related to education for UPSC could include:

• Privatisation of the higher education system in India.
• Does growth in literacy correspond to growth in education?
• Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather make a man a more clever devil.
• Concept of Real Education
• Restructuring of the Indian education system with respect to the NEP
• The destiny of a nation is shaped in its classrooms.
• Education for all”: myth or reality.

UPSC Essay Topics on Economic Growth

UPSC frequently includes IAS essay topics on economic growth, development, and the MNC (multi-national corporation) sector. To prepare for these topics, candidates can refer to Economy Notes for UPSC to get a general overview of the subject. Moreover, once you grasp the basics well, you can add examples, data, and figures to make your essay more multi-dimensional. Some possible UPSC essay topics related to economics for UPSC could include:

• Can tourism be the next big thing for India?
• GDP (Gross Domestic Product) along with GDH (Gross Domestic Happiness) should be the right indices for judging the well-being of a country.
• Are the Multinational corporations saviours or saboteurs?
• Is the Digital economy a leveller or a source of economic inequality?
• Is it the policy paralysis or the paralysis of implementation which slowed the growth of our country?
• Future of BPO Culture in India
• Crisis faced in India – moral or economic.
• Is the near jobless growth in India an anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms?

You can also check for UPSC Calendar 2023 .

Upsc Essay Topics: Things to keep in mind

Writing is a way to show how you think. When an examiner reads your essay, they can understand your thought process. An essay is a well-structured set of ideas on a specific topic. Moreover, to score well on the UPSC Essay paper , it’s important to practice and be persistent. The essay is about factual knowledge, creativity, and critical thinking. To score well on the UPSC Essay paper, follow these steps:

• Choose the Right Essay

The UPSC Essay paper has two sections, and you have to write one essay from each section. Both essays have 125 marks each and must be 1000-1200 words. Before choosing a topic, it’s important to reflect on it and consider if it’s too controversial or if you have enough information to write about it.

• Examine the Topic

When you select UPSC Essay Topics , it’s important to take some time to think about the topic and write down the main keywords that you will use in your essay. This will help you organise your thoughts and ensure you cover all the key points.

Taking a multidimensional approach is important when writing your essay, which means considering different perspectives and angles.

Additionally, structure your essay clearly and concisely, with an introduction that sets the stage for the rest of the essay, a body that covers your main points, and a conclusion that summarises your key ideas and leaves a lasting impression on the reader.

• Structure well

The introduction is a crucial part of the UPSC Essay Topics and should provide a brief idea about the topic. It should convey your perspective on the topic. The essay’s main body should be divided into well-connected small paragraphs. The language should be simple, clear, and easy to comprehend.

Moreover, the focus should be on critical thinking rather than using complex vocabulary. If necessary, include relevant facts and data. Using quotes and sayings can add weight to the essay. The conclusion should be clear and concise. While writing, strive for a neutral or balanced approach.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) 

Q1: Do UPSC Topics get repeated?

Ans: That’s correct. While UPSC may repeat essay topics from previous years, they are likely to ask a different question with the exact same wording. Instead, they may tweak the language or focus of the question slightly to test a candidate’s understanding and analytical skills. Moreover, it is also true that certain topics, such as history, economics, and Indian polity, tend to be asked more frequently than others.

Q2: How many essay questions are asked in the upsc essay paper?

Ans: The UPSC Essay Paper consists of two sections, each containing four to five essay topics. Candidates need to choose one essay topic from each section and write an essay of 1000 to 1200 words on each topic. Moreover, each essay is worth 125 marks, and the total mark for the UPSC Essay Paper is 250.

Q3: How can I write a good essay for UPSC?

Ans: Keeping notes and staying updated with current affairs is crucial in developing a deep understanding of various topics. Reading books, journals, and other publications related to the UPSC Essay Topics can also help enhance knowledge and vocabulary. Moreover, ractising writing essays regularly and getting feedback from mentors or peers to improve writing skills is also important.

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Space significance – UPSC Science & Technology

In the wake of Chandrayaan 3’s successful soft landing on the lunar south pole, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is poised for another historic feat. From the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, ISRO launched the Aditya-L1 Mission, marking India’s debut into space-based solar observatories, with a mission to study the Sun in unprecedented detail. As India joins the ranks of the United States, Russia, and China with a successful lunar soft landing, it is evident that the country is forging ahead boldly in space exploration. 

Table of Contents

Introduction to India’s Space Program:  

• India’s ascent as a global leader in space technology and exploration under ISRO’s guidance has been rapid since its inception in 1962, spearheaded by the vision of Dr. Vikram Sarabhai.  
• Initially falling under the Department of Atomic Energy, India’s space program aimed to leverage space technology for national development, scientific research, and planetary exploration. 
• ISRO’s achievements span a wide spectrum, including the Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) for telecommunications, broadcasting, and meteorology, the Indian Remote Sensing Satellites (IRS) for resource management, and the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) for launching domestic and international satellites. 
• India’s foray into space exploration includes landmark missions like Chandrayaan, the Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan), and AstroSat, marking significant milestones in astronomical research.  

Historical Milestones:  

• India’s space journey traces back to the 1920s, with pioneering studies by luminaries such as S K Mitra, C V Raman, and Meghnad Saha, culminating in the formal inauguration of INCOSPAR in the 1960s. 
• Key milestones include the maiden flight of Aryabhata in 1975, the launch of Rohini Satellite (RS-1) in 1980, and the resounding success of Chandrayaan-1 in 2008. 
• Mangalyaan’s achievement in 2013 reinforced India’s position as the fourth space agency to reach Mars, showcasing the nation’s technological prowess. 

Triumphs and Setbacks:  

• Despite occasional setbacks like the SLV-3 launch in 1979 and the PSLV-C39 mission incident in 2017, India’s cosmic journey has been characterized by profound scientific discoveries and technological breakthroughs. 
• Chandrayaan-1’s pivotal role in discovering water molecules on the Moon stands as a testament to India’s contribution to lunar exploration. 

Future Endeavors:  

• India’s space odyssey lays the groundwork for future endeavors, including plans for human space voyages and a steadfast commitment to pushing the boundaries of space exploration. 

ISRO’s Legacy of Cost-effective and Successful Missions  

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has carved out a distinguished reputation as a globally acclaimed space agency renowned for its cost-effective and triumphantly executed missions. Leveraging a blend of innovation, thrift, and meticulous planning, ISRO consistently achieves mission objectives while adhering to budgetary constraints. 

Foundations of ISRO’s Cost-effectiveness:  

• ISRO’s meticulous attention to detail spans the entire mission lifecycle, from conceptualization to execution, optimizing designs, processes, and resource utilization to ensure mission integrity within budgetary constraints. 
• Emphasizing indigenous technology development and infrastructure nurtures self-reliance, mitigating costs associated with external dependencies while tailoring solutions to specific requirements. 
• The modular design approach facilitates the swift assembly, integration, and testing of standardized components and systems, reducing development time and costs across diverse missions. 
• ISRO’s workhorse launch vehicles, exemplified by the PSLV, are celebrated for their cost-efficiency and reliability, designed to accommodate multiple payloads in a single mission, thereby optimizing resource utilization and reducing launch costs. 
• Collaborative efforts with educational institutions, research organizations, and private industry foster innovation, knowledge exchange, and cost-sharing, augmenting ISRO’s success. 

Triumphant Mission of Chandrayaan-3:  

• Chandrayaan-3’s successful soft landing on the lunar south pole marked a watershed moment, showcasing India’s bold venture into challenging terrain and expanding the frontiers of lunar exploration. 
• Exploring the lunar south pole presents unique challenges due to its extreme conditions, including perpetually dark zones with temperatures plunging to -230 degrees Celsius, underscoring the mission’s scientific significance and technical complexity. 

Building upon Past Achievements:  

• Chandrayaan-3 builds upon the legacy of India’s previous lunar expeditions, notably Chandrayaan-1 and Chandrayaan-2, which yielded significant discoveries and insights into lunar composition and water signatures. 

Future Missions and Collaborations:  

• India’s space exploration endeavors are poised for further advancement with upcoming missions such as the Aditya L1 mission, dedicated to studying the Sun, and the Gaganyaan mission, aimed at sending humans into space. 
• Collaborative initiatives with international space agencies, including LUPEX, XPoSat, NISAR, and Shukrayaan-1, underscore India’s commitment to global scientific progress and knowledge exchange. 

Pioneering the Future of Space Exploration:  

• The success of Chandrayaan-3 serves as a springboard for India’s ambitious space missions, reshaping our understanding of the cosmos, enhancing technological capabilities, and solidifying India’s stature as a leading player in space exploration. 
• ISRO’s legacy of cost-effective and successful missions continues to propel India toward greater accomplishments, fostering collaboration that transcends boundaries and ideologies, and expanding humanity’s exploration horizon. 

Global Positioning System (GPS)  

The Global Positioning System (GPS) stands as a transformative technology, profoundly impacting civilian, military, scientific, and urban domains worldwide, fundamentally altering our perception of location and influencing diverse sectors across the globe. 

Understanding the Global Positioning System:  

Initiated by the U.S. Department of Defense in 1973, the GPS comprises three core segments: 

• Space Segment: Consisting of 24 satellites distributed across six orbits, positioned 20,200 km above the Earth’s surface, ensuring global coverage and enabling receivers to access signals from at least four satellites simultaneously—a prerequisite for accurate positioning. 
• Control Segment: Ground-based stations manage and monitor satellite performance and signal accuracy, adhering to the Standard Positioning Service (SPS) standards introduced in 2020, offering consistency and reliability to users worldwide. 
• User Segment: Encompassing diverse sectors, from agriculture to military operations, with an estimated 6.5 billion Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) devices worldwide in 2021, expected to rise to 10 billion by 2031, underscoring its pervasive influence. 

Functionality of GPS:  

• GPS operates through satellite-transmitted radio signals at specific frequencies (L1 and L2 frequencies at 50 bits/second), received and triangulated by GPS receivers, enabling precise location determination in three dimensions of space and one of time. 
• Error adjustments, including relativistic effects on satellite clocks and relative velocities, are incorporated to enhance accuracy, underscoring the precision of GPS calculations. Satellites maintain precise time using atomic clocks, critical for minimizing timing discrepancies that could lead to significant location errors. 

GPS Applications:  

• Navigation: GPS is ubiquitous in personal navigation for cars, smartphones, aviation, maritime, and outdoor pursuits such as hiking and geocaching. 
• Mapping and Surveying: GPS technology facilitates the creation of precise maps, land surveys, and monitoring changes in the Earth’s surface. 
• Fleet Management: Businesses leverage GPS for vehicle tracking, route optimization, and logistics management. 
• Emergency Response: GPS aids emergency services in accurately locating and reaching individuals in distress. 
• Precision Agriculture: Farmers employ GPS for meticulous crop monitoring, automated machinery control, and optimal resource allocation. 
• Scientific Research: GPS plays a pivotal role in various scientific investigations, including the study of Earth’s movement, plate tectonics, and climate change. 

Q: Why is space exploration significant?

Answer: Space exploration expands human knowledge, drives technological innovation, and fosters international collaboration. It provides insights into the universe, potential resources, and the origins of life, ultimately shaping our understanding of existence.

Q: What impact does space research have on everyday life?

Answer: Space research has led to numerous technological advancements, including satellite communication, GPS navigation, weather forecasting, medical imaging, and materials science innovations. These technologies have become integral parts of modern life, improving communication, transportation, and healthcare.

Q: How does space exploration contribute to scientific understanding?

Answer: Space exploration allows scientists to study celestial bodies, cosmic phenomena, and fundamental physics in environments impossible to replicate on Earth. Discoveries in space science shed light on the origins and evolution of the universe, planetary systems, and the potential for life beyond Earth.

Q: Why is the search for extraterrestrial life important?

Answer: The search for extraterrestrial life addresses one of humanity’s most profound questions: Are we alone in the universe? Discovering life beyond Earth would revolutionize our understanding of biology, evolution, and the likelihood of life elsewhere. It could also provide insights into the conditions necessary for life to thrive.

Q: What are the long-term benefits of space exploration?

Answer: Space exploration fosters technological innovation, inspires future generations, and promotes international cooperation. It also has practical applications, such as space-based resource utilization, planetary defense against asteroids, and the potential for human settlement on other celestial bodies, ensuring the survival and prosperity of humanity in the long term.

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Essay on Technology cannot replace Manpower

July 6, 2019 by Sandeep

The world in which we are living is full of technology. Technology is a contribution of human being, and this technology is helping us today by making our work easier.

Our grandfathers have witnessed all these changes. From covering great distances by foot to travelling by air, sending letters across the land to receiving mails just in seconds, from using the gold and silver coins to the invention of plastic money, from sending balloons to the space to sending drones on the largest moon of Saturn, from managing paper work to uploading them on the internet and other such sources, from servants to robots, everything today has changed.

These are all the gifts of technology to humans. Look around the world today; this is a technology driven world full of gadgets, devices, transport facilities, medical facilities, banking etc. But do these changes and inventions happen on their own? NO, human mind is behind all these technological advancement. It was a human mind which could question the traditional way of doing things and made the things easier for everyone.

The humans are bestowed with a great gift by nature and that is the human brain which is capable of doing wonders. The things which makes our life easy were made by prolong efforts of the great inventors of all the time. Therefore, though technology contributed a lot to the mankind, can even reduce the man power but it can never replace the man power. We can say that, technology and manpower complement each other.

Importance of Technology

The advancements and the progress which we see today is the gift of science, whether in the field of science, space, health, defense and computer etc. but the credit goes to the humans who thought in such a way of doing things. In the field of science, we have many gadgets today which help us in making our work easier. In space, we did a lot.

Like finding about the atmosphere of other planets, sending astronauts to the moon, placing satellites which orbit around the earth, the research about the possibility of life at other planets, and the list go on. The human’s today, live a longer and a secured life as compared to the older times.

The invention of different vaccines has eradicated many deathly diseases. The average age of a human has also increased with better medical facilities and getting the medical help instantly. The child mortality rate has also drastically reduced. Cure of many life taking diseases are also available with the humans.

Many techniques came up for surgeries. In the area of defense, the countries are spending enormously for the security of the nation. Every country is equipped with everything technology which is required in today’s world. The satellites are so powerful that they can detect any unlawful thing happening.

The missiles are ready to counter the weapons of enemy nations before they enter the land. The helicopters, tanks, fighter jets, ships, carriers etc. are present for the defense of the nation. The information and technological department is one of the most successful departments. This is not the end, the development process in all the fields continues and they are trying to make it even better and effecting by correcting the little flaws in their making.

Since industrial revolution the humans have encountered many new form of doing the same thing. The manual power was taken over by the steam power, after that electricity stepped in making the task much easier. The electric power helped in mass production. This revolution changed the scope of human labor dramatically and led to globalization and division of work. There have been many rapid advances in manufacturing and artificial intelligence.

Today technology is in every part of human life. The technology has helped in eliminating the need of middle man between consumers and machines. This has been a disadvantage for the low skilled and low paid workers. We are already in an era where we are facing acute employment shortage and now in the favour of high tech automation, many jobs will slowly phase out.

Like we know that self driving cars will eliminate the need of drivers, the pizza delivery through drones has reduced the delivery burden of the restaurants. These drones will also cut off the postal services. But the best part of all these technological advantage is they are made by human brains and their skills and they work under their supervisions only. Therefore, they cannot take a place of human being.

The Role of Humans

Today we are just a click away from getting what we need. Can this technology click for us? No, we all need a human hand to make the technology do things for us. Though we have much today, like the artificial intelligence, translations of languages, increase in the food production, biotechnology, genetic engineering, but a human being is always needed to supervise the technology.

The companies and the factories are in favour of less labour force and more up gradation in the technology. They are replacing the manpower with newly developed technologies. This makes their work easier and they have larger production at cheap prices. Many places we even find that robots are replacing the labour and house maids for household work.

Nothing new in this, humans are just evolving over time. At earlier days, skilled labours were imported, then there was a time when there were found in the vicinity of the household, now the humans themselves are making the robots for making their work easier.

We can even say that the advancement in the technology which we encounter today is happening because of the human thinking. These things operate according to the instruction of a human. They are brainless body formed with different materials which needs proper care. A human body can find out that something is wrong with it, but these structures need humans to look into the matter. Technology can support the functioning of the humans but it can never replace it.

We are acquaint with the names of many scientists and their inventions like, the telescope of Galileo, the steam engine of James Watt, the light bulb of Thomas Edison, the car by Henry Ford, the air plane by the Wright Brothers, the Raman effect, the huge missiles by Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam and the list goes on.

They did these inventions when the people were now aware of the term technology. They had minimum resources in which they worked hard. These inventions were made for making the things easier. These people will always overpower the technology because they gave birth to the technological era.

Their brains worked more than what technology provides us today as they had the courage to question thing and had the determination to work for the betterment of the civilization. Formulating this technology is not a work of a single night. The human brain has been adding a lot to technology according to the needs of the dynamic world. If the technology was more powerful than a human brain, then technology could have never went obsolete. They could have up graded themselves, but this could not happen as their existence is because of a man power.

Can creator overpower creator?

A human decision making power is stronger than a computer. The decision of a human being is based on intelligence as well as values and experiences. Computer is one of the most intelligent devices of all times and this intelligence is filled by the intelligence of human being, and thus a computer can never attain the qualities that humans possess.

A computer can do many tasks that a human is incompetent to do but, acquiring the experiences and the values are not their cup of tea. Even for efficient use of technology and for increasing the productivity a human mind is must.

It’s a human nature that it needs encouragement and continuous motivation for achieving better heights. Human resources play a significant role in maintaining relations and strong networks, keeping motivation up, building a healthy bond, and much much qualitative work which the technology is insufficient to do. We should not forget the fact that technology makes this communication possible between the human beings.

The world in which we are living are home of many enterprises. These enterprises were born out of human intelligence, the capacity to take risks, vision for innovation, courage to face circumstances, ability to provide the resources and much more. Technology is important as it works as a bridge between these enterprises and the people but they can never replace the man power.

The works of great artists, writers, sculptors, painters etc can only be copied by machines. The machines cannot reproduce the original form of any of these magnificent creations.

The magnificent forts, the Harrapan Great Bath, the Palaces of Kings, the old ships by which Vasco De Gama travelled the huge oceans, world famous painting of Pablo Picasso, the works of Shakespeare, the seven wonders of the world, all these were created with the ability of human brain. These developments took place when there was least technology available with them.

Therefore, technology surely helps us making things easy but it can never be used as a substitution of manpower. The skills which are possessed by a human brain, the communication with language and emotional bond increase the productive of machines. Technology is completely dependent upon human interventions.

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Nda admit card 2024: upsc to release exam ticket soon: here are key dates, exam pattern, syllabus and more.

The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) is set to release the admit card for the National Defence Academy and Naval Academy (NDA & NA) I 2024 exam soon. Candidates must prepare for the exam by familiarizing themselves with the exam pattern, syllabus, and marking scheme. UPSC emphasizes the prohibition of calculators and external assistance during the exam. Stay tuned for further updates.

• UPSC Civil Services 2024 Exam Dates released: Check the full schedule for IAS, IFS, NDA, CAPF exams here

NDA 2024 Exam Pattern

• Duration: 2½ Hours
• Maximum Marks: 300
• Maximum Marks: 600
• Maximum Marks: 900

NDA 2024 Syllabus

• Matrices And Determinants
• Trigonometry
• Analytical Geometry Of Two And Three Dimensions
• Differential Calculus
• Integral Calculus And Differential Equations
• Vector Algebra
• Statistics And Probability
• Part 'A' — ENGLISH (Maximum Marks - 200)
• Section 'A' (Physics)
• Section 'B' (Chemistry)
• Section 'C' (General Science)
• Section 'D' (History, Freedom Movement etc.)
• Section 'E' (Geography)
• Section 'F' (Current Events)

NDA 2024 Marking System

• Each question presents four possible answers.
• A wrong answer results in a deduction of one third of the marks allocated to that question.
• Selection of multiple answers, even if one is correct, will be deemed incorrect and penalized accordingly.
• Leaving a question unanswered entails no deductions.

NDA 2024 Important Dates

• UPSC NDA Online Registration Start Date: December 20, 2023
• UPSC NDA 2024 Last Date of Registration: January 9, 2024
• UPSC NDA 1 Application Form Correction Window: January 10 to 16, 2024
• UPSC NDA 1 Exam Date 2024: April 21, 2024
• UPSC NDA Admit Card 2024 : To Be Announced
• UPSC NDA Result 2024: To Be Announced

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09 Apr 2024: UPSC Exam Comprehensive News Analysis

09 April 2024 CNA Download PDF Here

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A. GS 1 Related

Nothing here for today!!!

B. GS 2 Related

C. GS 3 Related

D. GS 4 Related

E. Editorials

Category: ECONOMY

1. Indian aviation, a case of air safety at a discount

Syllabus: GS-3, Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways, etc.

Mains: Safety vs. Commercial Interests in Airways

Introduction: Safety Concerns in Indian Aviation

• Despite recommendations by the Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) after a 2020 crash, the provision of RESA at Karipur Airport remains unresolved.
• The Minister threatened to curtail runway length if the land wasn’t provided to the Airports Authority of India (AAI) by August 2023.
• In January 2024, revised Flight Duty Time Limitation (FDTL) Regulations were announced by the Minister to address pilot fatigue.
• However, airlines raised concerns about additional crew requirements, leading to the deferral of the implementation deadline.

Discrepancies in Safety Priorities:

• The actions of authorities raise questions about whether safety is truly a priority or if the commercial interests of airlines take precedence.
• Indefinite deferment of the FDTL regulations’ implementation suggests a prioritization of commercial concerns over passenger safety.
• The International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) mandates Fatigue Risk Management Systems (FRMS) due to safety reasons.
• Countries like Japan, Singapore, and the UK emphasize fatigue management, contrasting with Indian practices.

Human Factor and Financial Stress:

• Financial stress can adversely impact pilots, as seen in past incidents involving gambling debts and suicide.
• Instances like Vistara’s pay structure changes raise concerns about pilot welfare and its potential impact on flight safety.
• Airlines need to recognize copilots as future captains and invest in their long-term growth and well-being.
• Human resource departments must prioritise pilots’ welfare and consider the mental and financial strain they may face.

Proposed Solutions for Improvement:

• Adopting ICAO Annex 1 Standard could attract experienced Indian captains working abroad to return.
• Utilizing retired pilots for simulator training could address training needs and release active pilots for flying duties.
• Overhauling outdated rules and addressing corruption within the aviation system is essential for progress.
• Emphasizing transparency and prioritizing brand loyalty over excuses for flight disruptions can elevate Indian aviation standards.

Nut Graf: Safety concerns in Indian aviation arise from unresolved issues like runway safety at Karipur Airport and deferred fatigue management regulations. Commercial interests seem to outweigh safety priorities, calling for urgent reforms in regulations and practices.

Category: ENVIRONMENT

1. Heat affects India’s aim to move from coal to renewables

Syllabus: GS-3, Environmental Pollution and Degradation

Mains: Heatwave and their impact on water availability and electricity generation

Context: Forecasted Heat Waves and Their Impacts

• The India Meteorological Department ( IMD ) predicts an increase in the frequency of heat waves for the upcoming summer, posing significant challenges amidst an impending water crisis, political events like Lok Sabha polls, and rising food inflation.
• Elevated temperatures adversely affect agricultural productivity, crop yields, and labour efficiency, exacerbating the water scarcity issue in the southern regions of the country.
• IMD predicts the probability of above-normal temperatures across India for April- June 2024, with a predominant likelihood of temperatures surpassing normal levels.

Impact of Heat on Power Demand and Generation:

• Rising heat intensifies power demand in urban and industrial areas, straining existing infrastructure and resources.
• The power demand becomes crucial for mitigating the adverse effects of heat on health, productivity, and overall well-being.
• Coal-fired power plants currently play a significant role in meeting peak power demands due to their storage capabilities and consistent load factors, despite the government’s push towards renewable energy sources.
• While India aims for a substantial portion of its power generation to come from renewables by 2030, challenges such as intermittent solar output and limited power storage capacity continue to necessitate coal-based power generation to meet peak demands.

Challenges in Renewable Energy Storage:

• Despite ambitions for renewable energy expansion, India faces hurdles in energy storage, with battery-based and pumped hydro storage (PHS) being the most viable options.
• Both hydroelectric and PHS facilities encounter obstacles during periods of water scarcity, which are exacerbated during heat waves when water demand peaks for various purposes.
• The share of renewable energy sources in total electricity generation has remained relatively consistent since FY16, highlighting the ongoing challenges in transitioning away from fossil fuels.

Climate Change Concerns and Infrastructure Vulnerabilities:

• The unpredictability of climate change poses significant concerns for the performance of critical infrastructure, such as dams in the sub-Himalayan region, during periods of high heat and water stress.
• Thermal power generation also faces challenges due to water shortages, resulting in significant losses in power generation, as highlighted by the World Resources Institute’s analysis.
• These multifaceted challenges underscore the urgency of addressing the impacts of extreme weather events in India and transitioning towards more resilient and sustainable energy solutions.

Nut Graf: India faces increasing heat waves, exacerbating challenges like water scarcity and power demand. Despite aims for renewable energy, coal remains vital. Storage hurdles persist, while climate change adds uncertainty to infrastructure resilience.

Category: SECURITY

Syllabus: GS-3, Various Security Forces and Agencies and their Mandate

Mains: Integration of  disruptive technology in Armed Forces

Introduction: The Year of Technology Absorption

• The Indian Army designates 2024 as the ‘Year of Technology Absorption’ to emphasize its commitment to leveraging technology for military transformation and staying ahead of adversaries.
• The focus is on embracing disruptive technologies (DT) like artificial intelligence , autonomous systems, robotics, and space technology to enhance strategic capabilities.

Absorption of Disruptive Technologies:

• Absorption involves acquiring, adapting, and integrating technologies into existing structures, known as legacy systems, in military terms.
• Integration of DTs with legacy systems is crucial, complementing rather than replacing existing platforms.
• Time-tested weapon platforms and tactics remain relevant, with the practical application of new technologies being key.

Strategic Considerations and Operational Realities:

• The realization of technology’s potential in warfare hinges on strategic employment strategies rather than mere acquisition.
• Recent conflicts like Russia-Ukraine highlight the importance of traditional methodologies alongside technological advancements.
• Adaptation to new conditions is vital, requiring operational and tactical changes rather than solely technological solutions.

Planning for Future Challenges:

• Future planning must prioritize technology’s role, acknowledging vulnerabilities and bridging gaps.
• Technology absorption should permeate unit levels, democratizing its use for true transformation.
• Macro-level considerations include organizational restructuring, human resource management, civil-military fusion, data integrity, and procurement policies tailored for DTs.

Conclusion:  While the Indian military progresses towards technology absorption, sustaining momentum requires a nuanced understanding of requirements, informed by the recent and ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict . 

Nut Graf: The Indian Army’s focus on the ‘Year of Technology Absorption’ underscores its commitment to embracing disruptive technologies to stay ahead in warfare, emphasizing integration with existing systems and strategic adaptation over mere acquisition.

F. Prelims Facts

1. Households’ debt surged to fresh high by December 2023

Context: India’s household debt has surged to a record high of 40% of GDP by December 2023, while net financial savings plummeted to approximately 5%, as per a report.

Despite the Finance Ministry’s reassurances, concerns persist over the implications of increased borrowing. The Reserve Bank of India’s earlier report highlighted a 47-year low in net financial savings at 5.1% of GDP for 2022-23. Analysts attribute the rise in household debt to a significant increase in unsecured personal loans. Weak income growth, coupled with robust consumption and physical savings, contributed to the decline in savings. This trend is expected to negatively impact private consumption and investment growth.

Significance: With household financial savings projected to remain low, the data underscores growing financial strain among Indian households, posing challenges to economic stability and growth.

2. Right against climate change a fundamental right, says SC

Context: In a groundbreaking decision, the Supreme Court of India has acknowledged the right against the adverse effects of climate change as a distinct fundamental right in the Constitution. 

About: Citing Articles 14 and 21, which guarantee the right to equality and the right to life respectively, the court emphasized the interconnectedness between environmental stability and fundamental human rights. The judgment, issued in a case concerning the survival of the endangered Great Indian Bustard species, underscores the urgent need to address climate change’s impact on biodiversity and human well-being. The court highlighted the pivotal role of solar power in combating climate change, citing its potential to enhance energy security, mitigate air pollution, and safeguard public health. 

Significance: This decision marks a significant step towards recognizing and protecting environmental rights in India’s legal framework, signalling a commitment to sustainable development and climate resilience.

3. Cochin Shipyard signs ship repair agreement with U.S. Navy

Context: Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) has entered into a Master Shipyard Repair Agreement (MRSA) with the U.S., making it the third Indian shipyard to do so after Larsen & Toubro (L&T) and Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd. (MDL). 

About: This agreement allows CSL to repair U.S. Navy ships, furthering cooperation between India and the U.S. in ship maintenance. The move aligns with the goal of positioning India as a regional hub for ship repair and maintenance. Both countries see this collaboration as mutually beneficial, providing business opportunities and expertise to Indian shipyards while offering the U.S. Navy convenient options for ship repairs. 

Significance: The agreement underscores the commitment expressed by both Indian and U.S. leaders to enhance India’s role in maintaining and repairing U.S. Navy assets, promoting closer bilateral ties in defense and maritime cooperation.

4. TASL’s satellite successfully deployed in space

Context: Tata Advanced Systems Ltd. (TASL) has celebrated a milestone with the successful launch of its TSAT-1A satellite into space aboard SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket. 

About: The satellite, boasting sub-metre resolution optical capabilities was deployed as part of the Bandwagon-1 mission from Kennedy Space Center, Florida. This achievement stems from TASL’s collaboration with Satellogic, which combined Satellogic’s expertise in earth observation satellites with TASL’s proficiency in complex system integration.

Significance: The deployment marks a significant advancement in India’s space capabilities and underscores the country’s growing prowess in the field of satellite technology.

H. UPSC Mains Practice Questions

• Critically examine the strategic importance of technology absorption for modern warfare, highlighting the key challenges and opportunities India faces in this endeavour. (10 marks, 150 words) [GS-3, Security & Defence]
• Discuss the challenges and implications of India’s transition from coal to renewable energy sources amidst increasing heat waves and climate change concerns. (10 marks, 150 words) [GS-3, Environment]

Read previous CNA articles here .

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UPSC NDA 1 Admit Card 2024 Live Updates: Admit card to be out shortly; stay tuned for latest updates

Upsc nda 1 admit card 2024 live: candidates are allowed to bring only a clipboard or a hardboard (with no writing) and a high-quality black ball pen for marking responses..

UPSC NDA NA 1 Hall Ticket 2024 Live Updates: Excitement mounts as the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) gears up to unveil the admit cards for the much-anticipated National Defence Academy and Naval Academy Examination (I), 2024. Following the official notification on December 20, 2023, wherein UPSC announced the recruitment drive aimed at filling 400 positions, candidates are eagerly awaiting the next step in their journey.

Traditionally, UPSC has released NDA (I) admit cards 20-30 days ahead of the examination date. Anticipation is high as aspirants prepare for the April 21, 2024 examination. Candidates are reminded to stay vigilant for the release announcement on the official UPSC website at upsc.gov.in. The process is expected to commence shortly.

Vacancies are distributed across various branches: 208 in the Army, 42 in the Navy, 120 in the Air Force, and 30 in the Naval Academy.

As per the official notification, candidates are allowed to bring only a clipboard or a hardboard (with no writing) and a high-quality Black Ball Pen for marking responses. The invigilator will provide the answer sheet and rough work sheet.

Stay tuned with this blog for live updates on the admit card release and direct download links.

UPSC NDA NA 1 Admit Card 2024: Upcoming UPSC examinations

The following are the upcoming examinations that UPSC will be conducting this year.

Indian Economic Service – Indian Statistical Service Examination, 2024

Combined Medical Services Examination, 2024

Central Armed Police Forces (ACs) Examination, 2024

UPSC NDA NA 1 Admit Card 2024: Vacancies

The available positions are distributed among different branches as follows: 208 in the Army, 42 in the Navy, 120 in the Air Force, and 30 in the Naval Academy.

There are a total of 42 positions within the Navy that are currently vacant and are anticipated to be occupied through the ongoing recruitment campaign. These positions span a diverse array of roles and responsibilities within the Navy, ranging from enlisted personnel to officers, encompassing various specialties and ranks. The recruitment drive aims to attract qualified individuals who possess the requisite skills, knowledge, and dedication to serve in these roles effectively.

All papers across all subjects will exclusively comprise objective-type questions. The question papers (Test Booklets) for Mathematics and part “B” of the General Ability Test will be provided in both Hindi and English. Questions concerning the metric system of Weights and Measures will be included where applicable. Candidates are required to personally write their answers and are strictly prohibited from seeking assistance from a scribe under any circumstances.

Once out, aspirants can download their admit card from below mentioned website-

-upsc.gov.in.

– https://upsconline.nic.in/.

There are currently 208 openings within the ranks of the Army, providing ample opportunities for individuals seeking to serve their country. These vacancies encompass a diverse array of roles and specialties, ranging from combat positions to support roles vital for the smooth operation of the military.

The National Defence Academy & Naval Academy Examination (I), 2024 is anticipated to fulfill the staffing requirements for 400 positions. This examination serves as a pivotal gateway for individuals aspiring to join the esteemed National Defence Academy and Naval Academy, where they will undergo rigorous training and development to become future leaders in the defense forces.

If any candidate encounters difficulties downloading the admit card or notices any discrepancies, they can contact UPSC for assistance. The contact details are as follows:

Phone Number: 011-23385271/ 23381125/ 23098543

Email: [email protected]

Address: UPSC’s Facilitation Counter near Gate ‘C’, Dholpur House, Shahjahan Road, New Delhi – 110069

The release date for the admit card is yet to be announced officially. However, once it is released, candidates can obtain their admit cards from the official UPSC website. The examination is scheduled for April 21, 2024, with two shifts.

To access the admit card, applicants must have their registration number or roll number on hand. Follow these steps:

1. Go to the official UPSC website at upsc.gov.in.

2. Locate the “Admit Card” section.

3. Select “National Defence Academy & Naval Academy Examination (I), 2024”.

4. Click on the “e-Admit” link after reviewing the instructions and confirming with the “Yes” button.

5. Input your registration number or roll number along with your date of birth.

6. Press the “Submit” button.

7. Print out the admit card for future reference.

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[Mission 2024] STATIC QUIZ, 9 April 2024 – Geography

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We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.

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1 . Question

Consider the following statements.

• Earth’s uppermost layer is the crust, which is the thinnest of all the layers.
• Continental crust is less dense than ocean crust as the latter is made of basaltic rocks.
• The innermost core of Earth is made only of molten iron.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one
• b) Only two
• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

Just like an onion, Earth is made up of several concentric layers with one inside another. Earth’s uppermost layer is the crust, which is the thinnest of all the layers. On the continental masses, it is about 35 km and on the ocean floors only 5km.

Silica and alumina are the main minerals that constitute the continental mass, and are called sial (si, silica; al, alumina). Silica and magnesium are the main minerals that constitute the oceanic crust, and are called sima (si, silica; ma, magnesium).

Continental crust is less denser than ocean crust as the latter is made of basaltic rocks.

Core constitutes the innermost layer. Its radius is about 3500 km. Nickel and iron constitute the core , and it is called nife (ni, nickel; fe, ferrous, i.e. iron). The temperature and pressure at the central core are very high. It is the molten iron in core which gave rise to magnetic field of Earth.

2 . Question

Consider the following statements regarding Endogenic Forces.

• Endogenic forces are those internal forces which derive their strength from the earth’s interior.
• Endogenic forces are mainly land wearing forces.
• The energy generated by radioactivity, rotational and tidal friction force emanating from within the earth is the main force behind endogenic geomorphic processes.

Statement 2 is incorrect.

Endogenic Forces

• Endogenic forces are those internal forces which derive their strength from the earth’s interior and play a crucial role in shaping the earth crust.
• Examples – mountain building forces, continent building forces, earthquakes, volcanism etc.
• The endogenic forces are mainly land building forces. The energy emanating from within the earth is the main force behind endogenic geomorphic processes. This energy is mostly generated by radioactivity, rotational and tidal friction and primordial heat from the origin of the earth.

Exogenic Forces

• Exogenic forces are those forces which derive their strength from the earth’s exterior or are originated within the earth’s atmosphere.
• Examples of forces – the wind, waves, water etc.
• Examples of exogenic processes – weathering, mass movement, erosion, deposition.
• Exogenic forces are mainly land wearing forces.

3 . Question

Consider the following statements regarding Paleomagnetism.

• Paleomagnetism is the study of the record of the earth’s magnetic field with the help of magnetic fields recorded in rocks, sediment, or archaeological materials.
• Rocks formed from underwater volcanic activity are mainly basaltic which makes up most of the ocean floor.
• Paleomagnetic studies of rocks have demonstrated that the orientation of the earth’s magnetic field has frequently alternated over geologic time.

Solution: c)

• Paleomagnetism is the study of the  record of the earth’s magnetic field with the help of  magnetic fields recorded in rocks, sediment , or archaeological materials.
• The polarity of the Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic field reversals are thus detectable by studying the rocks of different ages.
• Rocks formed from underwater volcanic activity are mainly basaltic (low silica, iron-rich) which makes up most of the ocean floor.
• Basalt contains magnetic minerals, and as the rock is solidifying, these minerals  align themselves in the direction of the magnetic field. This locks in a record of which way the magnetic field was positioned at the time.
• Paleomagnetic studies of rocks have demonstrated that the orientation of the earth’s magnetic field has frequently alternated (geomagnetic reversal) over geologic time . Paleomagnetism led the revival of the continental drift hypothesis and its transformation into theories of Sea Floor Spreading and Plate Tectonics.

4 . Question

From the theory of continental drift, the forces behind the drifting of continents are:

• Tidal force
• Gravitational force
• Pole-fleeing force

The first detailed theory of continental drift was proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1912. With the help of large geologic and paleontological data, Wegener put forward that throughout most of geologic time period, there was only one continent, that is called Pangea. In the Triassic Period, Pangea got fragmented, and the parts began to separate and move from one another.

According to Wegener, the drift was in two directions:

• Equatorwards due to the interaction of forces of gravity, pole-fleeing force (due to centrifugal force caused by Earth’s rotation) and buoyancy, and
• Westwards due to tidal currents and this is because of Earth’s motion (According to Wegener, since Earth rotates from west to east, the tidal currents act from east to west).

Wegener suggested that tidal force (gravitational pull of Moon and to a lesser extent, Sun) also played a major role.

• The polar-fleeing force relates to the rotation of Earth. The shape of Earth is not a perfect sphere; there is a bulge at the equator. The rotation of Earth causes this bulge.

5 . Question

Which of the following are block mountains?

• Cascade Range in the USA
• Vosges mountains in France
• Great African Rift Valley

Statement 1 is incorrect.

Block Mountains

• Block mountains are created because of faulting on a large scale (when large areas or blocks of earth are broken and  displaced vertically or horizontally ).
• The uplifted blocks are termed as  horsts, and the lowered blocks are called  graben .
• The  Great African Rift Valley , The  Rhine Valley and the  Vosges mountain in Europe are examples.
• Block mountains are also called  fault-block mountains since they are formed due to faulting as a result of tensile and compressive forces.

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