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How Kamala Sohonie Defied Gender Bias & Became the First Indian Woman Ph.D in Science

An incredible woman who left her mark in the world of biochemistry, Kamala Sohonie's story remains a landmark not just for Indian science, but for the women behind it too.

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It was during this tumultuous phase of India’s history that Kamala Sohonie (nee Bhagvat) was born – on June 18, 1911, in Bombay. In time, she would not only go on to become the first Indian woman to get a Ph.D in a scientific discipline, she would also have a dazzling career as a premier biochemist at Cambridge.

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• She will not be allowed as a regular candidate.
• She has to work late night as per instruction of her guide.
• She will not spoil the environment of the lab

“Though Raman was a great scientist, he was very narrow-minded. I can never forget the way he treated me just because I was a woman. This was a great insult to me. The bias against women was so bad at that time. What can one expect if even a Nobel laureate behaves in such a manner?”

In 1936, Kamala submitted her research, completed her MSc degree with distinction and earned herself a research scholarship at UK’s prestigious Cambridge University. Next year, Raman opened the doors of IISc for female students. A silent revolution had been fought and won.

Her remarkable thesis was unconventional in many ways – it had only 40 pages, unlike the ‘normal ones’ which contained hundreds – but it impressed the review committee and Kamala became the first Indian woman to receive a doctorate in Science.

Kamala found that neera contained sizable amounts of vitamins and iron that would be retained even if the drink was made into jaggery and molasses to increase shelf life. this discovery laid the groundwork for using jaggery and molasses as an affordable dietary supplement for malnourished children and pregnant women..

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Ph.D. in India: Cost, Duration, and Eligibility for Admission

Complete guide to ph.d. in india: duration, costs, eligibility, and recent updates.

Table of contents

How many years is a ph.d. in india, how much does a ph.d. cost in india, what qualifications are required for a ph.d. in india, what is the age limit for a ph.d. in india is 25 too old to start a ph.d., can i do a ph.d. without the national eligibility test (net), who is eligible for direct ph.d. admission, is it okay to do a ph.d. without a master’s degree, what are the recent rules for ph.d. admissions in india, 25 tips to join phd in india, 10 steps to join ph.d. in india.

Embarking on a Ph.D. journey in India is a significant academic and professional pursuit. Aspiring research scholars often have questions regarding the duration of a Ph.D., the associated costs, eligibility criteria, and recent developments in the field. In this comprehensive guide, ilovephd aims to address these queries and shed light on the essentials of pursuing a Ph.D. in India.

A Ph.D. program in India typically takes around 3 to 5 years to complete, depending on various factors such as the discipline, research area, individual progress, and university regulations.

The duration may vary, but it is important to be prepared for a substantial commitment of time and effort.

The cost of pursuing a Ph.D. in India varies across institutions. Generally, public universities offer Ph.D. programs with minimal or subsidized tuition fees. Private universities may have higher fees.

It’s advisable to explore funding options such as scholarships, fellowships, or research grants provided by government bodies, funding agencies , or individual institutions to support your Ph.D. journey.

To pursue a Ph.D. in India, a candidate typically needs a postgraduate degree (Master’s or equivalent) in a relevant field. It is important to note that specific eligibility criteria may vary between universities and disciplines.

Additionally, universities often require candidates to clear entrance exams or interviews and meet minimum academic standards to be considered for admission.

In most cases, there is no strict age limit for pursuing a Ph.D. in India. As long as you meet the eligibility criteria and demonstrate the necessary academic qualifications, you can pursue a Ph.D. at any age.

Therefore, 25 is certainly not too old to start a Ph.D. Many scholars begin their doctoral studies later in life, bringing valuable experiences and perspectives to their research.

While the National Eligibility Test (NET) is a common requirement for lectureships and research fellowships in India , it is not mandatory for all Ph.D. programs. Some universities may have their own entrance exams or selection processes.

It is important to check the specific requirements of the university or institution where you plan to pursue your Ph.D.

Direct Ph.D. admission is a pathway for exceptional candidates who have completed their undergraduate studies and wish to pursue a Ph.D. without a Master’s degree.

However, this option is typically available to a limited number of candidates, and universities may have specific criteria and guidelines for direct Ph.D. admissions. It is advisable to consult with individual institutions to understand their policies regarding direct Ph.D. admissions.

While a Master’s degree is generally the standard qualification for pursuing a Ph.D., some universities in India offer integrated Ph.D. programs that allow students to directly enter the Ph.D. track after completing their undergraduate studies.

However, this option may be limited to certain disciplines or institutions. It’s important to research and identify institutions that offer such programs if you wish to pursue a Ph.D. without a Master’s degree.

The rules and regulations for Ph.D. admissions in India are subject to change and can vary between universities and disciplines.

It is advisable to stay updated with the guidelines provided by individual universities and regulatory bodies such as the University Grants Commission (UGC) or the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) to ensure compliance with the latest requirements.

25 tips to help you join a Ph.D. program in India:

• Research your field of interest thoroughly to identify potential research areas and topics.
• Explore various universities and research institutes in India that offer Ph.D. programs in your chosen field.
• Check the eligibility criteria and admission requirements of each institution you are interested in.
• Take note of application deadlines and ensure you submit your application well in advance.
• Prepare a strong statement of purpose (SOP) that highlights your research interests, goals, and why you are interested in pursuing a Ph.D.
• Contact potential supervisors or faculty members whose research aligns with your interests to discuss your research proposal.
• Prepare for entrance exams that may be required for admission, such as the UGC-NET, GATE, or university-specific entrance exams.
• Enhance your academic profile by participating in research projects, publishing papers, or presenting at conferences.
• Build a strong recommendation letter portfolio by reaching out to professors or mentors who can attest to your academic abilities and research potential.
• Seek out scholarships, fellowships, or research grants offered by government bodies, universities, or funding agencies to fund your Ph.D.
• Familiarize yourself with the research facilities, laboratories, and resources available at the institutions you are considering.
• Attend research seminars, workshops, and conferences related to your field to stay updated with the latest developments and network with researchers.
• Develop good communication and writing skills, as they are essential for presenting research findings and publishing papers.
• Create a well-structured and feasible research proposal that clearly outlines your research objectives, methodology, and expected outcomes.
• Be prepared for interviews or presentations as part of the selection process, where you may need to defend your research proposal or discuss your academic background.
• Gain teaching experience by assisting professors or taking up teaching assignments to enhance your profile for future academic positions.
• Connect with current Ph.D. students or alumni of the institutions you are interested in to gain insights into the program and research environment.
• Stay updated with any changes in the rules, regulations, or policies related to Ph.D. admissions in India.
• Develop a strong work ethic and time management skills, as Ph.D. programs require dedication, self-discipline, and long hours of research.
• Consider the location and infrastructure of the institution, ensuring it suits your research needs and provides a conducive environment for learning.
• Explore interdisciplinary opportunities and collaborations to broaden your research scope and gain different perspectives.
• Discuss funding options and financial support with the institutions you are applying to, and be prepared to seek external funding if necessary.
• Keep track of your research progress and maintain regular communication with your supervisor or mentor.
• Attend preparatory courses or workshops on research methodology or academic writing to enhance your research skills.
• Finally, be passionate, persistent, and proactive in pursuing your Ph.D. dream. Embrace the challenges, stay motivated, and enjoy the journey of knowledge creation.

Remember, each institution may have its own specific requirements and procedures, so it’s crucial to carefully review their official websites or contact the admissions offices for accurate and up-to-date information.

Here are 10 steps to join a Ph.D. program in India:

• Research your field: Explore different research areas and identify your specific field of interest for pursuing a Ph.D. in India.
• Shortlist institutions: Identify universities or research institutes in India that offer Ph.D. programs in your chosen field.
• Review eligibility criteria : Check the eligibility requirements of the institutions you are interested in, including minimum educational qualifications and entrance exam scores.
• Prepare application documents: Gather the necessary documents, such as academic transcripts, recommendation letters, statement of purpose (SOP), and research proposal.
• Prepare for entrance exams: If required, prepare for entrance exams like UGC-NET, GATE, or university-specific exams. Familiarize yourself with the syllabus and exam pattern.
• Apply to institutions: Submit your applications to the shortlisted institutions within the specified deadlines. Pay attention to the required application fees and submission procedures.
• Attend interviews (if applicable): Some institutions may conduct interviews or presentations to assess your research aptitude and fit for the program. Prepare well for these interactions.
• Secure funding: Explore funding opportunities such as scholarships, fellowships, or research grants. Check if the institutions offer any financial support or external funding options.
• Accept an offer : Once you receive acceptance letters from the institutions you applied to, carefully evaluate and select the most suitable offer based on research facilities, faculty expertise, funding, and overall fit.
• Complete admission formalities: After accepting an offer, complete the necessary admission formalities as specified by the institution. This may include submitting additional documents, paying fees, and fulfilling any other requirements.

It’s important to note that the specific steps and procedures may vary between institutions. Therefore, always refer to the official websites and admission guidelines of the institutions you are applying to for accurate and up-to-date information.

Pursuing a Ph.D. in India is a rewarding and intellectually stimulating endeavor. Understanding the duration, costs, eligibility criteria, and recent developments is crucial to navigating the process effectively.

By considering these factors and conducting thorough research, aspiring Ph.D. scholars can embark on their academic journey with confidence and clarity.

Remember to reach out to universities or institutions directly for specific information and seek guidance from mentors or faculty members who can provide valuable insights into the Ph.D. application process in your chosen field. Good luck with your Ph.D. pursuit!

Also Read: Best 100 Institutions to Study PhD in India – 2023

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iLovePhD is a research education website to know updated research-related information. It helps researchers to find top journals for publishing research articles and get an easy manual for research tools. The main aim of this website is to help Ph.D. scholars who are working in various domains to get more valuable ideas to carry out their research. Learn the current groundbreaking research activities around the world, love the process of getting a Ph.D.

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BITS Pilani is a Deemed to be University, offering on-campus programs to more than 18,500 students across its campuses in Pilani, Goa, Hyderabad, Mumbai and Dubai.It has been recognized as an Institute of Eminence by the Ministry of Education, Government of India in 2020.

QS World University Subject Rankings 2024 has ranked BITS Pilani globally at

• 101-150 in Pharmacy and Pharmacology
• 301-350 in 4 subjects namely, EEE, Computer Science, Mechanical and Chemical Engineering
• 451-500 in 3 subjects, namely, Mathematics, Business & management Studies and Physics & Astronomy
• 501-550 in Chemistry

In ǪS Asia University Rankings 2024, BITS has been ranked 215th in Asia and at 22nd in India. Further, BITS Pilani has been ranked among the top 300 in ǪS World University Graduate Employability Rankings 2022 and within top 6 in India.

Having pioneered several curricular and pedagogic attributes, BITS Pilani has a vision to be amongst the top research-led Institutes in the country. The qualities of innovation, enterprise, commitment to excellence, adherence to merit, and transparency, have characterized the Institute during its inexorable march to eminence.

The Institute has secured over Rs 398 crores as external research funding in the last 5 years. State of the art facilities have been developed to support cutting edge research, led by students and about 930 faculty members, leading to a Scopus h-index of 156, with 221 patents filed so far, and 41 patents granted. Currently, there are 14 BITSian Unicorns and 1 Decacorn. There are over 7500 BITSian founders and co-founders of enterprises.

Doctoral Programme (Ph.D.)

List of Candidates shortlisted for Ph.D. Admission Test and/or Interview is now available

Admissions portal open 01st march 2024.

Please click here for more information.

List of Candidates shortlisted for Ph.D. Admission Test and/or Interview is now available.

• CLICK HERE to know the Result.

Department preference with regard to the full-time and part-time Ph.D student admission is given in the table below.

Yes – A Department intends to admit students under the specified mode. No – A Department does not intend to admit students under the specified mode.

Minimum Eligibility Qualifications

ME / MTech / MPharm / MBA / MPhil (minimum of 60% aggregate)* MSc/BE/BPharm or an equivalent degree (minimum of 60% aggregate)* For admission into Humanities and Social Sciences, MA degree (minimum of 55% aggregate)* For part-time applicants, a minimum of one-year experience in the related field of study is required

[*In the Qualifying Degree examination]

In addition, Departments may set specific admission criteria for shortlisting. Meeting the minimum eligibility qualifications does not guarantee admission into the PhD program. Shortlisted candidates will have to appear for an admission test, which may comprise a written exam and/or interview. Information on specific Departments and related research activities is available on the Department homepage of respective campuses.

Full-time students

Preferably individuals who would like to pursue PhD in-house, residing on campus.

Part-time students

Preferably individuals who are working in organizations providing basic facilities and an environment for research.

Financial Assistance

Full-time PhD students admitted into the PhD program are eligible to be considered for an Institute fellowship of Rs. 34,000 or Rs. 37,000 per month in the first year based on their qualifications at the time of admission. Students admitted with M.E./M.Tech./M.Pharm./MBA/M.Phil. or an equivalent Degree are eligible to receive an Institute fellowship of Rs. 37,000/-. Students admitted with M.Sc./B.E./B.Pharm. or an equivalent degree are eligible to receive an Institute fellowship of Rs. 34,000/-. These students on successful completion of coursework will receive Rs. 37,000/- from the Semester following the one in which the course work was completed Higher fellowship may be made available in subsequent years. Consideration for Institute fellowship will be as per Institute norms. It will be obligatory on the part of every admitted full time student to undertake 8 hours (per week) of work as assigned to him/her by the institute.

Important Dates

The Institute reserves the right to change the above deadlines. Candidates will be informed in advance should there be such a change.

Department Brochures

Pilani campus – biological sciences, pilani campus – chemistry, pilani campus – chemical engineering, pilani campus – civil engineering, pilani campus – electrical & electronics engineering, pilani campus – humanities and social sciences, pilani campus – physics, pilani campus – mechanical engineering, goa campus – biological sciences, goa campus – chemistry, goa campus – computer sciences, goa campus – electrical & electronics engineering, goa campus – humanities and social sciences, goa campus – mathematics, goa campus – mechanical engineering, hyderabad campus – biological sciences, hyderabad campus – chemical engineering, hyderabad campus – chemistry, hyderabad campus – civil engineering, hyderabad campus – computer sciences, hyderabad campus – electrical & electronics engineering, hyderabad campus – humanities and social sciences, hyderabad campus – mathematics, hyderabad campus – mechanical engineering, hyderabad campus – pharmacy, top resources.

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Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031 (INDIA).

(Note : For any query you may contact through the above phone numbers on any working day from Office Hours : Monday to Friday 9AM - 1PM & 2PM - 5PM Saturday 9AM - 1PM)

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Something went wrong. please try again later., you need to sign in before applying for schemes, it seems you have already initiated your application earlier. to know more please visit, check eligibility, ministry of science and technology, prime minister’s fellowship for doctoral research.

• To encourage and inspire promising young Indian Ph.D. researchers to pursue industry-relevant research in the areas of Science, Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, and medicine.
• To build industry-academia partnerships for advancing R&D.
• To boost research on industrially relevant subject areas.

Key Features of the Fellowship:

Duration of Fellowship:

• Under this scheme, full-time PhD scholars get double the JRF/SRF fellowship amount, as a scholarship.
• The scheme has the provision to award up to 100 new scholarships every year. One-half of this scholarship comes from the government; the second half comes from a partner company that also works closely with the candidate on the research project.
• The applicant should be Indian.
• The applicant should be a full-time PhD scholar in any recognized Indian university/institute/research laboratory.
• The scholar’s PhD registration date should not be more than 14 months from the date of submission of application i.e. the applicant should apply within 14 months of PhD admission/registration whichever date is earlier.
• The applicant should have a valid industry partner who should be ready to support the research project financially as well as provide guidance and mentorship.
• The mutually agreed topic of research, between the applicant and the supporting company, should be innovative, have practical relevance, and have industrial application.
• The selected applicant should be willing to work with/in the supporting company as and when required during the project period.
• The applicant should not draw any other fellowship after the selection.

Application Procedure:

•  www.primeministerfellowshipscheme.in (CII coordinating industry chambers) or
•  www.serbficci-iirrada.in (FICCI coordinating industry chambers)

Selection Parameters:

• The projects should be innovative and of high scientific merit; with discrete R&D as opposed to exploratory investigation.
• The proposed research project should have a high commercialization potential.
• The applicant, the academic guide, and the industry mentor should have a strong track record.
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• PhD Enrolment & Registration Certificate
• 10th, 12th, Graduation & Post-Graduation Certificate
• Scan Other Degree / Diploma Certificates (if applicable)
• Profile of the host institute
• Bio-data of PhD Supervisor, not exceeding 3 pages
• Profile of Partner Company with Logo
• Bio-data of Industry Mentor, not exceeding 3 pages
• Undertaking from the Research Supervisor and Head of the Organization of the Institute / University
• Undertaking from the Industry Partner in the Research Project
• Letter from the Industry Partner (on the company’s letterhead) on the research problem and the future plans for implementation, if any
• Publications
• Research Synopsis
• Any other document, as required

What is the “Prime Minister’s Fellowship for Doctoral Research”?

Prime Minister’s Fellowship for Doctoral Research scheme is a prestigious initiative of Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science & Technology, Government of India towards the advancement of university research engagements in line with industry requirement. The scheme encourages full time PhD scholars to pursue research in “focus areas” identified by industries as well as of national priorities.

What is the aim of this scheme?

The aim of the scheme is to encourage and inspire promising young Indian Ph.D. researchers to pursue industry relevant research in the areas of Science, Technology, Engineering, Agriculture & Medicine, build industry academia partnership for advancing R&D and boost research on industrially relevant subject areas.

What are the Key Features of the Fellowship?

In addition to attractive scholarship, the Prime Minister’s Fellowship emphasizes providing a unique and invigorating experience to selected fellows. It ensures the best national and international exposure for them and provides mentoring through industry and academic experts through the mechanism of annual review meetings. In addition, periodic mentorship sessions are also organized with the help of expert external agencies.

Which is the implementing agency of this scheme?

Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI) on behalf of SERB implement the scheme.

What are the eligibility criteria for applying/availing the Fellowship?

The applicant should be a full-time PhD scholar in any recognized Indian university/institute/research laboratory. The scholar’s PhD registration date should not be more than 14 months from the date of submission of application. The applicant should have a valid industry partner who should be ready to support the research project financially as well as provide guidance and mentorship. The mutually agreed topic of research, between the applicant and the supporting company, should be innovative, have practical relevance, and have industrial application. The selected applicant should be willing to work with/in the supporting company as and when required during the project period. The applicant should not draw any other fellowship after the selection.

What are the areas covered under this Fellowship?

Science, Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, and Medicine

What is the nature of support for the Fellow?

Under this scheme, fulltime PhD scholars get double the JRF/SRF fellowship amount, as scholarship.

What are the Selection Parameters of the projects under the scheme?

The projects should be innovative and of high scientific merit; with discrete R&D as opposed to exploratory investigation. The proposed research project should have a high commercialization potential. The applicant, the academic guide, and the industry mentor should have a strong track record.

How can an applicant apply for this fellowship?

The applicant can apply for this fellowship through the website www.primeministerfellowshipscheme.in.

How does the online application work?

Candidates need to refer to Annexure I in the Call for Proposal document which is available on the home page of the portal www.primeministerfellowshipscheme.in. All the required documents and details needed to be given should be collected before filling the online application.

What is the timeline till which the application can be submitted? Will an additional hard copy, stamped / signed of the application required to be sent to CII?

The scheme is open-ended and the scholars can apply anytime during the year subject to the condition that the doctoral fellow should be admitted to a full-time PhD in the last 14 months from the date of submission of application in any recognized Indian university/institute/research laboratory. In case of a different admission/enrollment and registration date, the first date of admission in full-time PhD will be considered. In case of any dispute regarding the submission date, the decision of the Apex Council will be considered as final. No hard copies of any kind need to be sent to CII; only soft copies are required to be uploaded as indicated in the form.

Can I apply if I do not have an industry partner? Will CII help in finding one?

Applications without industry partners will not be accepted by the online system. Candidates have to find industry partners on their own. CII facilitates match-making between research scholars and industry through the portal www.primeministerfellowshipscheme.in. All those who want to search for industry partners are requested to register themselves on this portal. Registration on this portal, however, will not guarantee that the candidate will find an industry partner. The relevance of their project for industry and the extent to which the candidate is able to convey their capability to the industry will determine whether they will find industry partners or not. The interested companies can evaluate the profile and contact the applicants if they find the proposal relevant.

How can I find relevant industry partners?

Candidates should talk to their research guides at the institute and find out about the relevant companies in that field. They can do their own research in and around them to find out the right companies and approach them. Candidates should also keep themselves abreast with the latest technologies, trends and companies working in their field. They should try to interact with industry people in their field as frequently as possible to trigger idea thrashing about a particular project.

If an applicant submits the form, can it be submitted again?

Candidates can review and re-review their forms any number of times before uploading them finally. Once uploaded, however, the form cannot be submitted again.

If I apply this year and am not able to get the scholarship this time, will I be allowed to apply next year?

Yes, you can apply as a fresh candidate with updated information, provided you satisfy all the eligibility conditions.

Will applicants get automated response to submission? Will somebody call from CII to confirm the receipt of application?

Applicants will get an automatic response at the submission of applications. They will not receive any calls from CII. In case you do not receive a system generated email regarding the submission of their application within 24 hours, the applicant must contact CII at [email protected]

Which are the institutes where PM Fellows are doing their research?

Following are some of the institutes where PM Fellows are pursuing their PhD: Acharya Nagarjuna University, Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Alagappa University, Amity University, Anna University, Banaras Hindu University, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Institute of Chemical Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Indian Institute of Science, Indian Institutes of Technology, IIT Bombay - Monash University Research Academy, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Manipal University, National Chemical Laboratory, National Institutes of Technology, PSG College, Punjab Agricultural University, Saurashtra University, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tata Memorial Hospital, Thiagarajar College of Engineering and Kurukshetra University.

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Home » Career Guidance » A Comprehensive Guide to Applying for a PhD in India [2024]

A Comprehensive Guide to Applying for a PhD in India [2024]

Quick Summary

• A PhD is a postgraduate research degree in India. It’s the highest academic degree in the country. 
• The cost of a PhD course in India differs based on the kind of university people choose. However, if you take estimates, it can cost you around 80k to 2 lacs.
• For admission in PhD in India, students require a Master’s degree in a relevant field. An overall grade point average of at least 55% (or equivalent) is required.

Table of Contents

Did you know that India produces over 20 thousand PhD holders , making it one of the top 5 countries with the most PhD holders?

Sounds great right?

And this number of PhD holders is only going to increase in upcoming years, with the rise in new technologies and scientific research more and more people will pursue a PhD in India.

If you are also thinking about pursuing PhD degree, then read this article till the end to know all about doing PhD in India. 

PhD in India- Course Highlights

Reasons to pursue a phd in india.

It is known that the purpose of a PhD is to teach individuals how to conduct research in a field. Candidates learn how to write scholarly papers and present findings, along with gaining skills like critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication. However, there are career-related reasons to choose PhD course, and these reasons are:

• Getting monthly allowances from the government to fund research.
• A PhD student is seen as an expert in their field, thus, making them eligible for job openings related to teaching and research.
• A chance to go to other countries for Academic Exchange Programs and learn various things.
• Getting complete control over what you want to study and how you wish to continue with your research.
• A PhD student gets to interact and work with the best academicians in their field and the professional experts who will guide them during their research.

Types of PhD Courses in India

There are different types of PhD degrees, some are based on distance and some are based on stream. Here is the list of major types of PhD in India.

Common PhD Degrees

Stream-wise phd degrees.

Major PhD in India Entrance Exams

Every university takes its entrance exam for admission and checks the qualification for a PhD of every applicant. However, some entrance exams are conducted on a national level and have more importance. These are the major PhD course entrance exams.

Have a read at a Comprehensive Guide to Entrance Exams after Graduation .

PhD in India- Eligibility Criteria

Getting admission in PhD course is not an easy task, and if you are trying to get admission to any PhD program, check for these PhD eligibility criteria beforehand.

• The candidate must have completed a Master’s degree i.e. (MTech/ MSc/ MA/ MPhil/ MBA). And it must be a full-time Master’s course from a recognised university by the government.
• The overall grade point average of the candidate’s Master’s program must be at least 55% (or equivalent).
• Candidates under SC, ST, and OBC categories will be given 5%- or 10%-mark relaxations. Applicants must present their reservation certificate to use these benefits.
• The candidate must pass the PhD entrance exam.
• A No Objection Certificate (NOC) f rom the educational institution or company where candidates are employed is required. Candidates must have job experience in a related field for a part-time PhD.

PhD Course Structure

1. coursework.

In PhD courses, students take a set have to take core courses or seminars in their field of study to build foundational knowledge. The coursework varies according to university but does includes both required and elective courses.

2. Research proposal

After completing the core courses, students must develop a research proposal outlining the problem they plan to investigate, the research questions they aim to answer, and the methods they will use to collect and analyze data.

3. Comprehensive exams

Before beginning their research for PhD course, students need to pass certain comprehensive exams covering their field of study to demonstrate their competence in the subject matter.

4. Research

Once students have completed their coursework and passed their comprehensive exams, they can begin their research. This typically involves conducting experiments, collecting data, or engaging in other research activities to answer the questions outlined in their research proposal.

5. Dissertation

The final requirement for a PhD course completion is the dissertation, which is a book-length document outlining the student’s research findings, conclusions, and contributions to their field of study. The dissertation has to be defended in front of a committee of faculty members and other experts in the field.

Read more: Complete Guide to Writing a Research Paper

5 Step PhD Course Admission Process

There is Candidates must take the following seven steps to apply for a PhD in India:

Step 1 Find a Mentor

PhD students should find a supervisor willing to support them through their PhD journey. After finding a supervisor, candidates can apply offline or online. Almost all colleges and universities accept online applications now. However, if you wish, you can apply via the offline process by visiting the office of the university.

Step 2 Fill Online Admission Form

Candidates must complete the online PhD admission form before applying on the university or college website. All the needed qualification for PhD is listed on the university’s official website and should be met. The online application is rejected if candidates fail to meet these requirements.

Step 3 Submit Necessary Documents

After completing the online application form, candidates must provide all necessary papers. These documents may include your passing certificate, degree, and migration certificate. Check the list of papers on the website before applying for the PhD admissions.

Step 4 Pass the Entrance Exam

The college/university needs PhD entrance exam. This exam must be taken after completing the application form. Fill out the form for the entrance exam and appear for it.

Step 5 Pass the Interview

Upon passing the PhD entrance exam, candidates will be invited for a doctoral academic interview. Admission is based on the academic doctoral interview and PhD entrance exam results. The institution or college decides the grades of students at each level and after passing the interview and fulfilling some other requirements you get admission.

Top Colleges for PhD in India

Top 10 career options after phd in india.

Source: Ambition Box

Plan Your Career in PhD

Being known as PhD holder is something to be proud of, not just because it’s a symbol of great knowledge but also a great future. If you want a career like this then doing PhD in India is the best choice and if you are confused about how you are going to get admission in PhD, then re-read the article. Do your research, know which specialization you want to choose and excel in your PhD course.

Make sure you carefully explore all your professional options because your career is extremely important. Before making the right decision, look over our  career advice.

Frequently Asked Questions

The cost of a PhD course in India differs based on the kind of university people choose. However, if you take estimates, it can cost you around 80k to 2 lacs. This figure can go up or down based on whether you choose a private institute or a government one.

A PhD program lasts for three to five years. Candidates have a maximum of five to six years to finish the program. The course length may be different for different institutes and the time taken by student in completing their thesis.

For admission in PhD in India, students require a Master’s degree in a relevant field. An overall grade point average of at least 55% (or equivalent) is required. In addition to this, candidates must know the language in which the course is taught and evaluated. Now, an MPhil degree is not a must for PhD admissions.

Getting a PhD in India is not easy. Candidates pursuing PhDs in India must pass the entrance exams such as NET. This written exam checks if they have the relevant subject knowledge to conduct advanced research. Candidates must further clear a PhD interview exam. Candidates must clear these rounds before pursuing PhDs in their chosen areas of specialization.

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Meet the World’s First PhD in Respiratory Therapy: Dr. Jithin K. Sreedharan

The respiratory care profession has many PhDs in its midst, but they have all earned the degree in a subject outside the profession. Until now, that is. Jithin K. Sreedharan, BScRT, MScRT, FISQua, FNIV, FIARC, PhD, recently became the first RT in the world to earn a PhD specifically in respiratory therapy.

He received the degree from the Srinivas Institute of Allied Health Sciences at Srinivas University (SU) in Mangalore, India, which has one of an expanding number of PhD programs for RTs in his country. SU began the program in 2017, and Dr. Sreedharan enrolled in 2018, taking five years to complete the degree. Currently, there are eight other PhD scholars in the program, which consists of one year of coursework that includes biostatistics and research methodology modules, along with mandatory courses meeting the regulations set forth by the government of India and the University Grants Commission.

Capstone courses and research work in specialized areas follow and round out the education received by PhD candidates.

Standing out from the crowd

“With so many master’s grads working today, choosing to pursue a PhD in respiratory therapy was a chance for me to stand out from the crowd,” said Dr. Sreedharan, who currently serves as a full-time faculty member in the department of respiratory care at the Prince Sultan Military College in Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. “The knowledge I have gained is undoubtedly necessary for a career as an educator and researcher, but it is also extremely beneficial beyond the academia. I strongly believe my research work presents a unique opportunity to make a meaningful contribution to our collective knowledge base and to transform the way respiratory therapists engage with the health care continuum.”

Dr. Sreedharan wrote his thesis on “Establishment of a Rewarding Profession: Respiratory Therapy in India,” a topic he chose to help further the profession in his country and worldwide.

“The RT field has existed in India since 1995. However, we observed a slow-paced growth, which we believe is due to the unawareness and non-acceptance by the other health care professionals,” he explained. “One of the major reasons for this is due to the scope of practice, which many times overlaps with other professionals such as physicians, nurses and physiotherapists. I hope my research will serve as a benchmark to diversify and distinguish the scope of RTs, amongst the health care profession.”

Daniel D. Rowley, MSc, RRT, RRT-ACCS, RRT-NPS, RPFT, FAARC, president of the International Council for Respiratory Care (ICRC), where Dr. Sreedharan serves as Governor for India, was thrilled when he learned of his colleague’s achievement — not just for him personally, but for the profession as well.

“When I learned that Jithin had earned a PhD in respiratory therapy, I immediately thought to myself that his dedication and commitment to earning the degree is a historic milestone for the profession because the profession now has the first doctorate degree in respiratory therapy conferred globally,” said Rowley. ”This is a major step forward because having a terminal doctorate degree in respiratory therapy substantiates the field, and it may inspire other respiratory therapists to follow suit if they are provided with the opportunity.”

Advancing the profession

Dr. Sreedharan will use his new degree to further his overall mission: to advance the profession through scholarship and research. He is an active researcher in his own right, with published papers in journals ranging from the American Journal of Critical Care to the Canadian Journal of Respiratory Therapy, and he also serves on his university’s masters’ program board and as the lead for quality and accreditation, with an emphasis on respiratory care education.

In addition to his role with the ICRC, he is general secretary of the Indian Association of Respiratory Care, a member of the Board of Studies at various governmental and non-governmental organizations, and an editor and editorial board member and reviewer for a number of journals.

“I understood the need to pursue my doctoral degree as a personal goal since I was serious about teaching at the university level,” he said. He believes being able to represent the profession as an RT with a doctorate is critical because a committee comprised of doctoral-level experts is typically recommended when standardizing the curriculum for respiratory care programs, and it is always better for RTs to represent themselves on these committees than to have physicians act on their behalf.

Rowley agrees. “Overall, education at the PhD level in respiratory therapy can benefit the profession by signaling to others that the profession has a terminal doctorate degree,” he said. ”This is important when considering the recruitment and preparation of the future generation respiratory therapy students, researchers, academic program faculty, and leaders within the field.”

While he applauds RTs who have earned PhDs outside of respiratory care, Rowley says the ICRC would like to see more institutions of higher learning offer a PhD specific to respiratory therapy, as did SU. “This would provide respiratory care providers with an opportunity to pursue deeper study within a concentrated curriculum that is specifically designed for respiratory care providers,” he said.

Mentors made a difference

Dr. Sreedharan credits his PhD accomplishment to the many people who he counts as his mentors and wanted to take this opportunity to share the role they have played in his career. Here is his tribute to the mentors who helped him reach the goal —

• Dr. Prasanna Simha, a prominent cardiothoracic surgeon, made a strong impression on me throughout my undergraduate studies on how crucial it is to comprehend the physiological underpinnings of different therapeutic modalities and how to assess treatment efficacy using that framework.
• My inspiration to become a teacher was Dr. Suresh G. Nair, who also had a profound influence on me regarding true leadership. He possessed a servant leadership style and was constantly shining a light on others around him.
• I thank my principal guide, Dr. Udayakumar Rao, the Dean of Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, for his constant support in achieving this accomplishment.
• Another important person is Dr. Mohammed Al-Ahmari, a well-known personality in the field of respiratory care worldwide. From 2015, I began working with him at the Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. This experience in Saudi opened the doors for me to get involved in research. Dr. Al-Ahmari served as both my co-guide and an inspiration to me, driving me to enroll in the PhD program, and he continues to be a lifelong mentor for me.

Roadmap for the future

Jithin Sreedharan has come a long way since beginning his career in respiratory care in 2004 as one of the first batch of RTs in India, earning his undergraduate degree from Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research Center and his master’s degree from Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center-Kochi. He believes earning his PhD in respiratory therapy will help him bring bachelor’s and master’s degree programs in RT to countries throughout the world.

“By the time I was done with the thesis, it had taken on the form of a manual and a roadmap for the establishment of the respiratory therapy profession,” he said. “Those five years just flew like five months, and I never felt it as tiring or exhausting because my aim was to bring out the much-required recognition for our profession.”

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Top 10 best phd universities in india - world university rank.

Studying in a world-famous institute is a dream of every student whether he/she wants to pursue BTech, MSc, PhD, or any of the degrees. The expansion of the Indian Education System has shown no sign of stopping during the 21st Century.

The students now don’t have to look up for foreign universities to get the exposure, facilities, and cutting-edge technologies for a bright career through PhD.

If you are planning to pursue PhD in India, then you must know the what is best PhD Universities in India. In this blog, we are providing the following details:

How to get into PhD Courses in India?

PhD Universities In India - Ranking Factors

List of Top 10 PhD Universities in India

How to get into phd courses in india.

PhD is very versatile. There are different courses through which you can acquire your PhD. To get into these courses, you can appear in different  PhD Entrance Exams .

here are two types of PhD - Regular or Integrated. If you are interested in a regular PhD after your post-graduation, you can appear in various exams like UGC NET JRF , GATE JRF, TIFR, CSIR NET JRF , etc. After clearing these exams, you can get admission to top PhD Universities in India.

If you are interested in applying for the Integrated PhD courses right after your graduation, then you can go for exams like IIT JAM Exam , GATE, etc. to get into the best PhD universities in India.

Note - If you are confused about what is a regular or integrated PhD course? You should check the Difference Between Regular and Integrated PhD to get your answer.

Download  CSIR NET Syllabus Free PDF to start your preparation in a right way.

Top PhD Universities in India - Ranking Factors

Deciding the best university for PhD in India is based on several factors. Here, we are presenting the list of universities with the ranking as per:

QS Top Universities World Ranking

 Ranking Among BRICS Nations 

Note -  BRICS is an association of Five Major Emerging National Economies which are – Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. 

Know which PhD colleges in India are best as per the Ministry of Human Resources and Management. Check –  NIRF Ranking

The above rankings are acknowledged worldwide by the colleges and universities of almost of the nations. The following are the factors on which these rankings are given to the PhD universities in India.

Academic Reputation

   Employer Reputation

   Faculty/Student Ratio

   Number of Faculty with a PhD

   Research Papers Per Faculty

   Research Citations Per Faculty

   Number of International Faculty

   Number of International Students 

Getting the top-ranked PhD universities in India is always be a great choice for students who are living in the nation. However, there are several universities in foreign known for the best research and opportunities, but nothing beats these top PhD universities of India. 

Here are the top 10 best universities to do PhD in India. You can check them below.

Download Free CSIR NET 2022 Model Paper & Solutions

Best University for PhD in India - Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay

Scoring full marks in factors like Academic Reputation and Employer Reputation, the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay acquired the 1st position among all the best PhD universities in India. The Institute ranked 172 as per the QS World Ranking 2022. Apart from this, the institute was able to acquire 8th Rank among the BRICS nations.

IITB also got 34th place in Asian University Ranking.

Know more about the institute at – IIT Bombay - What Makes It The Best?

Top PhD Universities in India - Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore

IISc Bangalore is considered best university to do PhD in India. It is also known as the “Silicon Valley of India”, located in Bengaluru, Karnataka. This Institute claims the 185th place in the Best PhD universities in India by QS Global Rank.

Apart from this, the Institute acquired 10th Rank among the various universities in BRICS nations by scoring perfect scores in factors like Staff with PhD and Papers Per Faculty.

IISc Bangalore holds 51st rank in list of Asian University Ranking.

Know more about the admission process and courses offered at –  IISc Bangalore Admission

Top Universities in India for PhD - Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi

The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi is ranked 3rd among the best PhD universities in India and a world rank of 193 among all the institutes of the world. The Institute scored the second-highest marks after IIT Bombay in Academic Reputation and Employer Reputation. IIT Delhi claims the 8th rank among the universities in BRICS nations.

43rd Rank has been acquired by IITD in Asian University Ranking.

To know more about the institute, visit – Why Should You Choose IIT Delhi? Check Placement, Internship & Events

PhD Best University in India - Indian Institute of Technology, Madras

With a joint rank of 275 as per QS Global Rank, IIT Madras is 4th among the Top 10 PhD universities in India. As per the ranking of the universities in BRICS nations, the institute acquired 17th Rank.

This university also got the 50th place in Asian University Ranking.

Know the fees of MSc and Integrated PhD courses in IIT Madras at – MSc Fee Structure

Need Expert Assistance in CSIR NET Preparation? Register Here for Free & Get Counselling from Eduncle Experts!

Top Universities Offering PhD in India - Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

IIT Kharagpur got Rank 5th and secure the place in top 10 PhD universities in India. It is located in West Bengal, India. The Institute scored the highest scores in International Faculty Factor to claim a joint rank of 314 in QS World University Rankings. Among the BRICS nation’s universities, the institute stands on 23rd rank for PhD courses.

This university also acquired the 56th place in Asian University Ranking.

Best University for PhD in India - Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur

With a global rank of 350, the institute is ranked 6th among the Top 10 PhD universities in India. IIT Kanpur scored a perfect score in the Staff with a PhD factor. Apart from this, the institute holds 4th position in Paper Per Faculty factor and 5th in the Academic Reputation factor scores. As per the BRICS rank, the institute holds a rank of 25.

IITK also got the 65th place in Asian University Ranking.

Download Free CSIR NET Previous Years' Question Papers

Best University for PhD in India - University of Delhi

The University of Delhi is another non-IIT university which successfully marked 7th rank among the Top PhD universities in India. Apart from being the largest university of the country, the institute has a global rank of 501-510 and a BRICS rank of 42.

67th Rank has been acquired by University of Delhi in Asian University Ranking.

Top PhD Univerities in India - University of Hyderabad

Finally, a non-IIT university to mark its presence in the Best PhD universities in India. The University of Hyderabad holds a rank global rank between 651-700 and currently ranked among all the PhD universities in BRICS nations. Although it is ranked 8th among the universities in India, this institute has shown a great pace in acquiring this position at a younger age as compared to the IITs.

This university also got the 114th place in Asian University Ranking.

Top Universities in India for PhD - Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee

IIT Roorkee is also known as the oldest technical institute in Asia. It holds the 9th rank among the best PhD universities in India. The institute scored the highest marks in the top 10 for the factor of International Students Indicator. IIT Roorkee holds a global rank of 383 and a BRICS rank of 47.

90th Rank has been acquired by IIT Roorkee in Asian University Ranking.

Know which MSc and PhD scholarships are provided while studying in IITs at – MSc and PhD Scholarships in IITs

Download  CSIR NET Previous Years' Question Papers, Model Test Papers Free PDF  with answer key and analyze your preparation level.

UGC Approved PhD Universities in India - Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati

Although it holds 10th rank among the PhD universities in India, IIT Guwahati scored the perfect score as per the Staff with PhD factor. The Institute is worldwide famous for its campus and infrastructure. IIT Guwahati currently holds 470 rank as per the QS World University Ranking and 48th among the PhD universities in BRICS nations.

IIT Guwahati also got the 112th place in Asian University Ranking.

This is it for the Top 10 UGC Approved PhD universities in India in which you can achieve heights you never imagined. If you are seeking more information on MSc and PhD, feel free to comment us in the below section.

You can also connect us with our Eduncle App to get Doubt Solutions & Guidelines on your mobile device.

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• CORRESPONDENCE
• 02 April 2024

How can we make PhD training fit for the modern world? Broaden its philosophical foundations

• Ganesh Alagarasan 0

Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati, India.

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You have highlighted how PhD training assessment has stagnated, despite evolving educational methodologies (see Nature 613 , 414 (2023) and Nature 627 , 244; 2024 ). In particular, you note the mismatch between the current PhD journey and the multifaceted demands of modern research and societal challenges.

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Nature 628 , 36 (2024)

doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-00969-x

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New Delhi:  A ‘credit mapping’ exercise has been undertaken by the Association of Indian Universities (AIU), a society that works as a mediator between universities and the government, to analyse academic credits across various countries and understand how they compare to the Indian system.

While it’s a fairly new term in Indian education, academic credits have been awarded by foreign universities — especially in the US, UK and the European Union — for a long time. A credit is a unit award gained by a student by the number of hours put in for a particular course.

For instance, in India, one credit is gained by 15 hours of classroom teaching or 30 hours of laboratory work or 30 hours including self-learning time (and classroom hours).

Credits in India are primarily awarded according to choice-based credit system (CBCS) developed by the University Grants Commission (UGC) and launched in 2015.

The aim behind the credit mapping report by AIU, according to officials, is to ease the process of degree equivalence.

At present, a one-year Master’s degree from a foreign university is not valid in India and does not meet the eligibility criteria for PhD enrollment. A Master’s degree in India is typically a two-year course.

With this report, however, AIU plans to make foreign degrees comparable in terms of credit and not the number of years studied, paving the way to make such degrees valid in the country.

“The credit mapping exercise has been undertaken so that we can understand how credits are awarded in various countries and how we can equate them with Indian credits and give validation to foreign degrees,” Pankaj Mittal, secretary-general of AIU, told ThePrint. Mittal was part of the committee, along with various academics, which prepared the credit mapping report.

Also read: Only 8 states and UTs have re-opened or want to reopen schools, govt tells Parliament

Report’s findings

Submitted in July, the report, stated, “A common benchmark needs to be developed for comparison of foreign academic degrees with that of India for granting equivalence.”

According to the report, accessed by ThePrint, for technical courses, under the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), 163 credits are required to be completed in 4,920 hours to get a four-year undergraduate degree.

Meanwhile, for three-year undergraduate programmes, approved by the UGC, 148 credits are required to be completed in 4,440 hours for an Honours degree and 132 credits to be completed in 3,960 hours for regular Bachelor’s degree.

Furthermore, the UGC has not laid down a specific number of credits for a postgraduate or a Master’s degree but the average credits required for a PG degree in IITs, NITs and other AICTE-approved colleges is 80.

The report compared the credits in India to those offered in other countries. It found that on average, India asks for about 40 to 49 credits a year (depending on the programme) that have to be completed in 1,200 to 1,400 hours.

In comparison, US universities ask for 30 credits a year in 1,350 hours, EU universities ask for 60 credits in 1,500 to 1,800 hours and universities in the UK seek 120 credits in 1,200 hours a year.

A one-year Master’s programme in the UK requires 180 credits that are completed in 1,800 hours.

After studying the credit system of US, UK, European countries, Australia, Afghanistan and Sri Lanka, the committee recommended that “foreign degrees having the same duration of academic program as that of India should be considered for equivalence provided other equivalence parameters are fulfilled”.

The report further noted that a Bachelor’s, Master’s or PhD degree awarded by a foreign university, which does not match the course duration in India, could be evaluated on the basis of minimum credits required to complete them.

However, it added, a 10 per cent relaxation in the number of credits could be given while evaluating based on the minimum number of credits.

“The education systems worldwide have undergone significant changes with emphasis on outcome-based learning, and choice-based credit system. The European, American, Australian, Canadian and many other universities in Asia now have provision for early completion of academic program provided the minimum number of credits required by the program are attained,” the committee report said.

(Edited by Rachel John)

Also read: Record 480 female students from J&K, 504 from NE get technical education scholarship in ‘20-21

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Greenko School of Sustainability Announces PhD Fellowships to Support Technology Development for Net Zero Transition

The Fellowships open to first-class bachelor’s and master’s engineering graduates provide INR 75,000 per month for 4 Years with an annual contingency fund of INR 3.0 lakhs- Applications closes on April 20, 2024 The school has launched over seven mission-oriented research and technology development projects in sustainable engineering and the selected students will be part of these projects

Hyderabad : The Greenko School of Sustainability (GSS), a collaboration between Greenko Group and IIT Hyderabad, has announced a call for applications for fully funded PhD fellowship programs in Sustainable Engineering for the year 2024. The applications will close on 20th April 2024.

The 6 Greenko Fellowships offer a monthly stipend of INR 75,000 for up to 4 years, while the 4 MoE Fellowships are available for 5 years as per the Government of India norms. The Research Fellowships offered by the school are to attract the best science and engineering talent to research in sustainability science and technology.

“This is an exceptional opportunity for research students interested in technology development to advance energy transition, industrial decarbonisation and sustainable development expressed Prof. Sireesh Saride Chair, Greenko School of Sustainability, IIT Hyderabad.

He added “Greenko Research Fellowships stands out as one of the most lucrative financially and, provide valuable opportunities for aspiring scientists and engineers to develop technologies for Net Zero Transition and sustainable development”.

GSS has shortlisted and launched over seven mission-oriented research and technology development projects in sustainable engineering and the selected candidates for fellowships will be part of these projects.

“The world is striving for net-zero by 2050 and the technologies required for this transition have to be developed during this decade. GSS would like to play a key role in meeting this goal and ensuring a just transition. Furthermore, the Greenko Fellowships have contingency to support foreign travel for collaboration and participation in international conferences.” Prof Sireesh, stated.

Greenko School of Sustainability (GSS), with over a lakh square foot of built-up area is designed and adheres to net-zero.

The research fellows at Greenko School of Sustainability will join ongoing research projects in

1. Development and Performance Evaluation of a Direct Injection Ammonia based Dual Fuel CI engine

2. Development and Realization of High Energy Lithium-based Rechargeable Batteries for Electric Vehicles

3. Unassisted Solar Seawater Splitting PEC Cells for Sustainable Hydrogen Generation

4. Electric Swing Adsorption for Carbon Capture and Lithium Recovery

5. Development of Low-Cost Organic Porous Solids for CO2 Capture

6. Biomass valorization: Developing novel methods for pretreatment and biopolymer (bioplastic) synthesis

7. Investigation on Direct Reduction using Ammonia - A Novel Green Alternative Iron making Process

To be eligible for the Project fellowships, candidates must have cleared national eligibility tests such as UGC-NET/GATE/CEED/CSIR, among others, and hold a first-class degree in their respective bachelor's and master's programs.

For MoE fellowships, candidates must hold an M.Tech/M.Sc/M.Arch/M.Des in any discipline aligned with the research thrust areas of the school.

The selection process involves a written test and/or interview, and selected applicants will be communicated through emails. The school is also offering admission to external PhD programs for candidates with at least 2 years of relevant experience.

How to Apply: Applications are accepted online, Create a login on IITH webpage at: http://www.iith.ac.in/phdadmissions

About The Greenko School of Sustainability

Established in 2022, a collaboration between Greenko Group and IIT Hyderabad, offers three masters' programs: Sustainable Engineering, Energy Science & Technology, and E-waste Resource Engineering and Management.

The school ambition is to become the fulcrum to develop knowledge and skills needed for Energy Transition and Industrial Transformation. The school aims to be one of the top 10 global education and research organizations in sustainability science and technology.

Through Research, Education, Training and Skilling, the school mission is to accelerate solutions for effective and just Net Zero and Energy Transition and Industrial Transformation. For more info, visit https://gss.iith.ac.in/

• Greenko School of Sustainability
• Greenko Group
• IIT Hyderabad
• Professor Sireesh Saride

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• Abroad PhD , Study Abroad

The Key Differences between Pursuing a PhD in India and Abroad

• Published on May 4, 2023

Pursuing a PhD is a significant academic achievement that requires a considerable amount of time, effort, skills, hard work and dedication. While some students choose to pursue their doctoral degree in their home country such as India in our case, others may opt to explore opportunities abroad. However, there are several differences between pursuing a PhD in India and abroad, from the admission process to the curriculum and research culture. In this article, we will go deep into the various aspects of an Abroad PhD and a PhD in India, highlighting the differences between the two in this article. 

Table of Contents

• 1 Admission Process:
• 2 Research Funding:
• 3 Duration of PhD:
• 4 Curriculum and Coursework:
• 5 Research Culture:
• 6 Career Opportunities:

Admission Process:

In India, admission to a PhD program typically involves clearing an entrance exam conducted by National Test Agency (NTA) and an interview. This exam makes students eligible for pursuing PhD in India. This is not the only way to get enrolled in the PhD programme in India, there are other National entrance exams for PhD in India as well through which anyone can get admission in the PhD programme in India (Example: GATE).

However, admission to a PhD program abroad is generally more competitive and may involve a variety of criteria such as academic records, research experience, recommendation letters, statement of purpose (SOP), and standardized test scores such as GRE, TOEFL or IELTS to evaluate English speaking, listening, and writing skills.

Research Funding:

PhD in Indian universities are often funded by the government or universities, and students may also receive a monthly stipend through different private scholarships. Central Government scholarships can be availed directly through the JRF (Junior Research Fellowship) programme.

However, PhD programs abroad are usually not funded by the government, and students are often required to secure their own funding through scholarships, grants or fellowships. Abroad PhD can be Partially or Fully funded. Students can get a direct fellowship from their enrolled university or Supervisor fund. 

Duration of PhD:

PhD in Indian universities typically takes between 3 to 5 years to complete. First-year of the Indian PhD programme is known as Pre-PhD, in this period usually students go through research coursework and other skill development courses essential for their research. After that, the duration of the PhD programme depends on the student and supervisor. 

However, PhD programs abroad may take longer, and the duration can vary depending on the field of study, the research topic, and the country of study. Sometimes the duration of an Abroad PhD purely depends on the funding period, which means for how many years the PhD candidate is getting funding for his/her research. 

Curriculum and Coursework:

PhD in Indian universities are generally required to complete coursework in addition to their research work. However, in many countries abroad, such as the United States, students may not be required to complete coursework and can focus solely on their research. 

Research Culture:

PhD in Indian universities place more emphasis on coursework and examinations. PhD programs abroad often have a more research-focused culture, with greater emphasis on independent research and publication. Research culture can vary depending on the institution.

Career Opportunities:

Completing a PhD abroad can open up a more comprehensive range of career opportunities, both in India and abroad. PhD graduates from reputable international universities have better job prospects and higher salaries compared to graduates of Indian universities. 

The decision of pursuing a PhD in India or abroad requires careful consideration of various factors such as the admission process, research funding, duration, curriculum, and career opportunities. While pursuing a PhD in India is more accessible due to government-funded scholarships and a structured academic curriculum, studying abroad may offer better career prospects and a more research-focused culture. Ultimately, the choice depends on individual preferences, resources, and aspirations. Whatever the choice may be, pursuing a PhD is a commendable achievement that can open up new dimensions and opportunities in the academic and professional world.

• Tags: phd abroad , phd abroad scholarship , phd in indian universities , phd with scholarships in india

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Ph.D. Programme in Management

Message from the chairperson, the doctoral programme in management at iim ahmedabad (iima), one of the country's first doctoral programmes in management, remains the first choice for students interested in pursuing a career in management in india. iima aspires to be a leading school in management research. to that end, we seek researchers with the potential to become global knowledge creators and research leaders in methodology and practice. the emphasis is on knowledge creation and knowledge expansion. our doctoral students are expected to demonstrate independent research thinking by publishing in prestigious academic journals and giving scholarly presentations on their work. we encourage and support collaborative research with faculty from other universities. we encourage students to join academic, research, and professional networks as early in their careers as possible. the iima doctoral programme offers specializations in agriculture, economics, finance and accounting, human resource management, information systems, innovation and management in education, marketing, organizational behaviour, operations & decision sciences, public systems, and strategy. we strongly encourage multidisciplinary research. we have excellent research facilities, including a library with an impressive collection of management literature, journals, and databases. we provide high-performance computing capability, subject-specific research centres, fellowships, and financial assistance for research and conference attendance. if this excites you, we invite you to apply to the doctoral program and become a member of the iima community., diptesh ghosh chairperson, ph.d. programme, why ph.d. at iima.

Thinking of doing your Ph.D.? If you have outstanding academic credentials, intellectual curiosity, discipline required for deep and meticulous research then the Ph.D. Programme at IIMA is where you should be. You will acquire a solid foundation within your discipline, exposure to new ideas, and mastery of the tools necessary to engage in research as you investigate in-depth today’s most challenging problems.

Vision of the Programme

The objective of the Ph.D. Programme in Management is to equip students with necessary skills to identify and carry out research on complex issues in a specialized field of management. The programme is strongly committed to preparing thought leaders, both for the academic and corporate world. Graduates of the Ph.D. Programme in Management are placed in world class organizations in teaching, research and consulting positions. A total of 422 doctoral students have graduated from IIMA so far.

The Ph.D. Programme in Management seeks candidates with outstanding academic credentials, intellectual curiosity and discipline needed to make scholarly contributions that advance the frontiers of knowledge. It provides a diverse set of opportunities for interdisciplinary learning and research. The student opts for one of eleven functional/sectoral areas and acquires super specialized theoretical knowledge and mastery of practical aspects of the area.

The small class size allows close interaction with faculty members, who provide the intellectual stimulus and help develop the student's research interests and professional goals. Students generally spend a little over four years to complete their Ph.D. which includes two years of rigorous course work.

Course work in the first year provides a general management overview and develops basic skills for analyzing managerial problems. In the second year, students take advanced Ph.D. level courses in their areas of high levels of specialization. After completing the course work, students have to pass an area comprehensive examination to demonstrate that they have reached a level of proficiency in the area of high levels of specialization.  The Ph.D. dissertation, for the next couple of years, provides them with an opportunity to make original contribution to an area of management or to one of its source disciplines. Students admitted to the Ph.D. Programme receive a comprehensive fellowship that covers all costs and in addition provides a modest living allowance.

The objective of the Ph.D. Programme in Management is to equip students with necessary skills to identify and carry out research on complex issues in a specialized field of management. The programme is strongly committed to preparing thought leaders, both for the academic and corporate world. Graduates of the Ph.D. Programme in Management are placed in world class organizations in teaching, research and consulting positions. A total of 422 doctoral students have graduated from IIMA so far. The Ph.D. Programme in Management seeks candidates with outstanding academic credentials, intellectual curiosity and discipline needed to make scholarly contributions that advance the frontiers of knowledge. It provides a diverse set of opportunities for interdisciplinary learning and research. The student opts for one of eleven functional/sectoral areas and acquires super specialized theoretical knowledge and mastery of practical aspects of the area. The small class size allows close interaction with faculty members, who provide the intellectual stimulus and help develop the student's research interests and professional goals. Students generally spend a little over four years to complete their Ph.D. which includes two years of rigorous course work. Course work in the first year provides a general management overview and develops basic skills for analyzing managerial problems. In the second year, students take advanced Ph.D. level courses in their areas of high levels of specialization. After completing the course work, students have to pass an area comprehensive examination to demonstrate that they have reached a level of proficiency in the area of high levels of specialization. The Ph.D. dissertation, for the next couple of years, provides them with an opportunity to make original contribution to an area of management or to one of its source disciplines. Students admitted to the Ph.D. Programme receive a comprehensive fellowship that covers all costs and in addition provides a modest living allowance.

Announcements, deadline extended to 29 january 2024, for doctoral programme admissions, ph.d. experiences, my two years journey at iim ahmedabad has been very rewarding. professors, here, are very knowledgeable and supportive. there are abundant research opportunities with hundreds of research seminars occurring every year. campus has excellent infrastructure including classes, sports facilities, hostels and the library is probably the best in india with plethora of resources. ph.d. office, library and administration staff is also very friendly and cooperative. apart from academics, there are plenty of avenues to explore cultural and sports interests..

Atul Karwasara Year of Joining: 2018, Area: Strategy

Ph.D. in innovation and management in education is offered only in IIM A across India, and this unique interdisciplinary course of management and education provides ample opportunity to research in the diverse field within the education sector. The option to choose multiple courses from different management sub-disciplines during coursework in the Ph.D. programme at IIM A has helped me broaden my understanding and knowledge about management education and research. Ph.D. programme at IIM A provides a unique platform in terms of the diverse cohort to hone research skills as the mix of qualitative and quantitative researchers help and support each other in mutual and shared learning.

Nirved Kumar Year of Joining: 2020, Area: RJMCEI

My experience with IIM A, till now, can be summarized in three words - rigour, learning, and development. The coursework is vast and intense. I would admit that the first year of coursework has helped me take a quantum leap into the world of academics. The faculty members are extremely supportive and patient. Additionally, there is ample scope, here, to pursue one’s extra-curricular interests. The community is very tightly knit and my batch profile is so diverse that the past one year was peppered with numerous instances of peer learning - academic as well as non-academic.

Lokesh Malviya Year of Joining: 2020, Area: OB

The Ph.D. Programme of the IIMA admits students who have a strong academic background, are highly motivated and who have the intellectual curiosity to undertake original research.

Ph.d. directory.

Ph.D, II Information Systems

Kirty Majumdar

Ph.D, I Operations and Decision Sciences

Abinash Mishra

Ph.D, VI Economics

Ph.D, IV Human Resources Management

Areas of Specialisation

Centre for management in agriculture.

At the IIMA, scholarly investigation of agriculture-related management builds on experience that goes back nearly 60 years and touches all aspects.

Communication

Communication - concise, direct, clear, and compelling - is the heart of management.

Teaching and research that span the worlds of economic theory and practice.

Finance and Accounting

Teaching that is a credit to the institution, research that yields a wealth of knowledge.

Human Resources Management

Teaching and investigating all aspects of human resource development, human resource management, industrial psychology and labour relations.

Information Systems

Exploring the interface between ever-advancing information systems and organisaional operations.

Teaching the power of persuasion. Researching new theories or real-life problems.

Operations and Decision Sciences

Teaching and research about how to get the facts, understand them and make optimum use of them.

Organisational Behaviour

Teaching and researching ways to increase the value of the human capital in an organisation.

Public Systems Group

Teaching and researching concepts and skills for effective management of public systems and democratic policy making.

Ravi J. Matthai Centre For Educational Innovation

Innovating, inspiring and influencing the management of education systems in India through teaching and research.

Focusing on organizational strategy and the functions of the chief executive.

What is Ph.D. Programme in Management?

Ph.D. Programme in Management at IIMA consists of 11 different areas of high levels of specialization of Management. It prepares students to pursue a career, which requires high scholastic aptitude and academic research. The programme is primarily designed to help students seek research careers in academia or elsewhere.

Where can I get more information about the Ph.D. Program in Management?

Ph.D. Programmes Office Indian Institute of Management, Vastrapur, Ahmedabad 380 015 Tel +91-79-7152 4640/41

What is the average completing time for the Ph.D. Programme in Management?

The average completion time is between four to five years.

Is it possible to complete the Ph.D. programme on a part-time basis?

No. However, a student may seek employment at the end of four and a half years with the concurrence of his / her thesis advisory committee and Ph.D. Programme Chair.

Who should apply? What are the typical backgrounds of Ph.D. students?

Ph.D. programme looks for highly motivated students interested in pursuing research careers in high levels of specialization requiring high scholastic aptitude. Typical students have varied backgrounds. Please follow the link to know about backgrounds of current students.

What are the qualities which IIMA is looking for in applicants to the program?

The Programme looks for highly motivated and disciplined candidates with strong academic preparation who exhibit curiosity, desire to learn, and have an inclination towards high levels of specialized research.

How will I sustain myself for 4-5 years, if I have a family?

IIMA provides sufficient fellowship (including fees, boarding, lodging and stipend) for five years to doctoral students. Please refer later section for details.

Does it help to have an MBA degree before entering the Ph.D. program?

Not really. From the first year itself the student takes Ph.D. level courses alongwith some PGP courses as recommended by his/her Academic Adviser. Hence, a student coming from non-management background is equally placed with those having a management background. Please check the area pages in the Ph.D. Prgramme in Management Brochure for specific requirements. For example, P&QM area encourages students who have a quantitative training from various disciplines to apply for their programme. Similarly, students with a background in Psychology may find the work done in the Organizational Behaviour useful.

How do I apply? What is the process of admission to the programme? Where can I get the forms? Can I apply online?

Application form can be filled-in online. Application fee of Rs. 500/- can be paid through IIMA payment gateway. Candidates have to attach copies of academic certificates/testimonials and qualifying examination score card along with the application. The qualifying exams are: Scores on standardized tests ( CAT / GATE / UGC JRF / GMAT / GRE / ICAR-SRF)

What are the important deadlines?

Last Date for Ph.D. Programme Application: January 17, 2023 Interview dates (Tentative) - March/April, 2023, Joining dates – May/June 2023

What is the purpose of the interview? What is expected at the interview for IIMA? Does it help if I come prepared with a research proposal?

The purpose of the interview is to gauge the academic preparation of the candidate for her/his chosen high level of specialized area in the programme. It also gives the candidate an opportunity to find out if the programme meets the requirements of the student. The student is not expected to have prepared any research proposal. In addition to interview, some of the Areas may conduct written test.

Does the programme accept international students?

Yes, the programme accepts international students. The eligibility requirements are the same as for domestic students. Please write to us specifically for details on the admission process and fees.

How selective is IIMA? What are my chances of getting admitted? How many students are admitted each year?

The selection process is very rigorous and involves four levels of screening and interviews. The number of seats are not fixed for the programme and depend upon the calibre of the applicant who goes through a fair and rigorous selection process.

Do you have an option of doing high level of specialized inter-disciplinary research?

Yes. You could specify this at the time of application. However, you will be housed in one area of specialization. You could take courses on highly specialized areas of study from a variety of areas and choose your thesis topic that cuts across disciplines.

Is the courses work at IIMA very difficult?

The institute expects high levels of specialized academic rigour and integrity. It has stringent requirements at specified stages of the programme, and there are fair and open processes to check that each student passes these at every stage of the programme. The candidates who are unable to meet these requirements are asked to leave the programme without any prejudice. The process of natural justice is followed in each such case.

What are the important stages in the Ph.D. program?

The key stages are

1. First year coursework (Ph.D. Programme Compulsory courses, Area Ph.D. Courses and some recommended PGP course/s),

2. Second year coursework in area of high levels of specialization,

3. Area comprehensive examination,

4. Thesis Proposal defense,

5. Thesis seminar,

6. Thesis defense

How much flexibility exists in the Ph.D. program? Can I change my area of research during my stay at IIMA?

IIMA Ph.D. programme offers a mix of flexibility and rigidity to the students. Students are allowed to change their chosen area of specialized work during the first year at IIMA, if they fulfil specified criteria. Specific deadlines for doing so are provided in the Ph.D. Programme Manual. IIMA offers high degree of flexibility in choosing areas of research. However a student is required to complete his/her area comprehensive exam by beginning of third year and thesis proposal defense within 9 months of the completion of area comprehensive examination. Details are available in the Ph.D. Programme manual.

How do I choose my research topic?

A research topic requires interest and motivation of student and availability of a suitable guide interested in the area of high level of specialization. Each Ph.D. student forms a Thesis Advisory Committee with whom the student has to work towards her/his thesis.

Are Ph.D. students required to teach?

What support is available for presenting research papers in indian and international conferences.

IIMA offers full support for attending up to 4 domestic conferences during the course of the programme. Competitive Travel Grants are available for attending international conferences as per the prevailing policy.

How do I find a job, after completing my Ph.D. studies?

Jobs depend on a student's competence and high level of specialization achieved during the programme. There are recruiters coming to the campus, faculty advisors provide references, and also through other informal/formal channels.

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PhD Study in India | Important Facts | Top Universities | Structure | Types | Publication Requirements | Fees | Admission | Funding

• December 27, 2020
• Career Guidance , College Admission Guidance , Parents Must Read , Scholarships & Financial Aid

Indian universities are fast becoming destinations of higher studies including doctoral and post doctoral research not only for Indian Students abut also for foreign candidates. The growth of the Indian Institutes for higher education has shown exponential growth in the past few years which is going to continue for years to come. Be it industry exposure, facilities or cutting-edge technologies these institutes are well equipped to build a bright career through PhD . However, in order to do PhD in India, aspirants must be aware of the best ways to select the right university.

PhD is very vast field and numerous courses are there to do your PhD and in order to enrol you need to appear ‘course and field-specific’ entrance exams . You can also opt from two types of PhD – Regular or Integrated. Those interested in regular PhD after masters, can take the exams like UGC NET JRF, GATE JRF, TIFR, CSIR NET JRF, etc., depending upon the field of study and choice of institutions. To do an Integrated PhD one can opt for the same after graduation by clearing tests like IIT JAM Exam, GATE, etc. to get into the best PhD universities in India.

PhD Study in India – Important facts

• Universities –  868
• No of Nobel Prizes winners – 12
• No of International Students – 47,424
• PhD duration – 3-5 years
• Representative Fees – 75000- 4,50000 INR – (USD $1,000-6,000)
• Academic Year – July to May

University types

There are five different varieties of university with the potential to offer PhD programmes in India. In most cases the distinction between these groups concerns the way in which they are established and administered.

The Indian higher education system is made up of the following:

In India there are 47 Central Universities, which are administered by the Indian Government through its Department of Higher Education and have India’s oldest research and specialised institutions. Besides, there are 390 State Universities established and governed by respective states. In addition to this India today has 307 Private Universities set up and accredited by different states, but funded by private organisations. These institutes focus more on international curriculum. That said, the country also boasts of 124 Deemed to be Universities which includes a wide range of institutions that weren’t set up as universities, but are currently recognised as having university-level expertise in certain subjects and may carry out associated research and teaching. Finally there are 138 Institutes of National Importance which are India’s leading centres for teaching, scholarship and research. They carry out strategic academic and professional objectives and are highly specialised and are organised into appropriate networks based on the subjects they pursue. All these institutes are established or recognised by a specific act of parliament. As is obvious, these INIs are India’s highest ranked and most internationally well-known institutes, hence best choice for a PhD study in appropriate subjects.

List of INIs

• 23 Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) focusing on Engineering subjects and awarding PhDs in these disciplines.
• 31 National Institutes of Technology (NITs) also focusing on Engineering and also on Architecture and Management.
• 20 Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs), premier centres for higher studies and research in Business and Management. The institutes offer postgraduate degrees, including the Fellow Programme in Management (FPM) which is equivalent to a PhD.
• 7 Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISERs) which conduct research and training in a wide gamut of scientific fields.
• 7 National Institutes of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPERs) focussing on Pharmacy, Pharmacology and related Chemical Sciences.
• 7 All India Institutes of Medical Sciences (AIIMs) focussing on professional training and qualification in Medicine and other Health Sciences.
• 3 Schools of Planning and Architecture (SPAs) focussing on professional training and research in Architecture.

How to choose a university for PhD?

In order to choose a university you must know about the institute’s raking, especially in QS Top Universities World Ranking. Factors on which rankings are given to PhD universities in India are –

• Academic Reputation
• Employer Reputation
• Faculty/Student Ratio
• Number of Faculty with a PhD
• Research Papers Per Faculty
• Research Citations Per Faculty
• Number of International Faculty
• Number of International Students

List of Top 10 Universities in India for PhD

Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Bombay

When it comes to Academic Reputation and Employer Reputation, IIT Bombay is number one among all PhD universities in India. It ranked 172 as per the QS World Ranking 2019. Moreover, the institute was ranked 8th among the BRICS nations. IITB also secured 34th position in Asian University Ranking.

Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bangalore

The Indian Institute of Science is at 185th position in the Best PhD universities by QS Global Rank and, QS WUR by Subject Ranking #51-100. Moreover, it was placed 10th Rank among universities in BRICS nations by a scoring perfect scores in indices like Staff with PhD and Papers per Faculty. IISc also holds 51 rank in list of Asian University Ranking.

Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi

IIT Delhi is ranked 3rd among the PhD universities in India and is at 193rd position in the Best PhD universities by QS Global Rank. IITD secured second-highest marks after IITB in Academic Reputation and Employer Reputation. IIT Delhi also holds 8th rank among the universities in BRICS nations and 43rd in Asian University Ranking.

Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Madras

IIT Madras holds a joint rank of 275 in the Best PhD universities by QS Global Rank, and 4th among the Top 10 PhD universities in India. IIT Madras also holds 17th rank among the universities in BRICS nations and 50th in Asian University Ranking.

Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur

Scoring the highest scores in International Faculty Factor, IIT Kharagpur, holds a joint rank of 314 in the Best PhD universities by QS Global Rank, and 5th among the Top 10 PhD universities in India. IIT Kharagpur also holds 23rd rank among the universities in BRICS nations and 56th in Asian University Ranking

Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kanpur

IIT Kanpur holds a rank of 350 in the Best PhD universities by QS Global Rank, and 6th among the Top 10 PhD universities in India. The institute also secured a perfect score in Staff with a PhD factor. Moreover, IIT Kanpur is placed in the 4th position in Paper Per Faculty factor and in the 5th position in Academic Reputation factor scores. IIT Kanpur also holds 25 th rank among the universities in BRICS nations and 65th in Asian University Ranking.

University of Delhi (UOD)

A non-IIT university, Delhi University is ranked 7th among the Top 10 PhD universities in India. The University has maintained its position at the top in the country as per the Centre for World University Ranking (CWUR) ranking and is 8th in the National Institutional Ranking Framework. It is also among the top 10 Indian public educational institutions/universities and the first among Indian public universities under QS BRICS University Rankings. The h-index of the University touched 192, one of the highest among Indian universities.

 The University of Delhi has been ranked 474 in QS World University Rankings 2020, 1st position among the top 25 Central Universities and 8th among top 100 universities by Outlook-ICARE India University Rankings 2019.

University of Hyderabad (UOH)

Another non-IIT university to make it to the Best PhD universities in India is the University of Hyderabad. The University enjoys a global rank between 651 and 700. The University has been ranked the 4th best in the country in 2019 by the National Institute Ranking Framework. UoH is ranked in the range of 591-600 in the World by QS Rankings 2019. In the 2019 edition, the UoH performed among the top 59% in the QS World University Rankings. The University has also been rated by the NISSAT of the DSIR, Government of India, as the only University under the ‘High Output – High Impact’ category among the top 50 institutions in India with publications in citation – index journals.

Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee

IIT Roorkee is the oldest technical institute in Asia, and ranks 9th among the PhD universities in India. IIT Roorkee scored highest marks in the top 10 for the factor of International Students Indicator. The institute enjoys a global rank of 383, BRICS rank of 47 and Asian University Ranking 90.

Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati

 IIT Guwahati has secured perfect score as per the Staff with PhD factor and is 10th among PhD universities in the country. IIT Guwahati is globally known for the campus and state of the art infrastructure. The institute enjoys a QS World University Ranking of 470, BRICS rank of 48 and Asian University Ranking 112.

Other Institutes of Repute for PhD –

• Indian Institute Of Management Ahmedabad ( IIMA) , Ahmedabad
• National Law School Of India University ( NLSIU) , Bangalore
• Indian Institute Of Management ( IIMB) , Bangalore
• National Law University ( NLU) , Delhi
• Bombay College Of Pharmacy ( BCP) , Kalyan
• National Law Institute University ( NLIU) , Bhopal
• Jawaharlal Institute Of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research ( JIPMER) , Puducherry
• Indian Institute Of Technology ( IIT BHU) , Varanasi
• Faculty Of Management Studies ( FMS) , Delhi
• Indian Institute of Management ( IIM Kozhikode) , Kozhikode
• Gujarat National Law University ( GNLU) , Gandhinagar
• Lovely Professional University ( LPU) , Phagwara
• O.P. Jindal Global University ( JGU) , Sonepat
• National Law University ( NLU) , Jodhpur
• Birla Institute Of Technology And Science ( BITS Pilani) , Pilani
• Amity University, Lucknow ( AU Lucknow) , Lucknow
• Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute ( SRMCRI) , Chennai
• Banaras Hindu University ( BHU, Varanasi) , Varanasi
• National Institute Of Industrial Engineering ( NITIE) , Mumbai
• International Institute Of Information Technology ( IIIT) , Hyderabad

PhD structure

The Indian PhD is an advanced research qualification, designed for students who have already completed undergraduate and postgraduate programs. Indian universities demands specialisation in particular subjects at a postgraduate level in PhD candidates.

Doctoral students independently research original topics with support from supervisor/s who is normally an academic at the university with relevant expertise and experience. At the end of the program the scholars submit a thesis describing the research activities and results.

Types of PhD

The universities in India award a standard PhD as an academic research doctorate. However, certain institutes also provide other qualifications, including more specialised doctorates, like –

Fellow Programme in Management (FPM) – this is a PhD-equivalents qualification typically offered by Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) and may include professional training, compared to a Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) degree. Programmes usually last for up to five years.

Doctorate in Pharmacy (Pharm D) – this is a specialised professional qualification generally attained in six years.

Master of Philosophy (MPhil) – this is a shorter academic research qualification attained in one to two years and is also offered in UK and other countries.

PhD programmes

Indian universities establish doctoral programmes in which the postgraduate students receive extra training and support while carrying out their research. In State Universities, these are organised by local affiliated colleges. However, the Institutions of National Importance mostly run single doctoral programme within which all scholars work on related topics.

PhD programmes start with a coursework phase which provides the specialised subject knowledge and research skills a scholar requires to do independent research. The coursework is usually be completed in first year after which candidates are required to prepare a synopsis of the project and will be assigned a supervisor to guide in the research. From this point on the scholar will work more and more independently, doing his/her research and collating results on which to build the thesis.

Assessment and examination

The main criterion for the award of an Indian PhD is the quality of the doctoral thesis you produce at the end of your degree.

You will first submit your thesis internally. This can be a more significant stage in India than elsewhere. Multiple faculty members will often be involved and these may request corrections and resubmissions before allowing a student to proceed to their external examination.

Once your university is satisfied, your thesis will be orally examined by one or more external examiners. In India this is known as the ‘Open Defence’. The title is appropriate as these examinations usually take place in a ceremonial setting and in front of an audience including your fellow students, faculty, family and friends.

Don’t be put off by the prospect of being examined ‘live’ in this way: The Open Defence is a well-deserved opportunity to take pride in your work and the expertise it has produced.

Publication requirements

In addition to completing your thesis itself, you may be expected to have produced a peer-reviewed publication before your doctorate can be awarded. This may seem daunting to a new or prospective student, but you’ll soon find that you’re already producing work of a high standard as part of researching your doctoral thesis.

Your faculty will probably maintain a list of the journals it regards as being acceptable and your supervisor will be able to advise you on the preparation of your research for publication.

There is no fixed fee for PhD study at Indian universities, but State and Central Universities are always cheaper than Private ones. Other costs include registration and application fee and fee for PhD examination. All these are minor expenses, but it’s better to check in advance and confirm exactly how much you’ll be have to pay.

Application and admission process

PhD applications are known to be very competitive and each university offers a specific number of positions on its PhD programmes every year. The admission process includes entrance examinations, interviews and research proposal assessment. While some institutions manage the process themselves, most follow the general rules.

PhD notifications are published byuniversities to announce the number of places it has for PhD programmes. Notifications for the next academic year are published on university websites in the previous autumn. Once you send application to a PhD notification, the university will start assessing your suitability for doctoral work. PhD applicants in India are normally required to complete a Research Eligibility Test (RET), a written exam that confirms that the candidate has necessary subject knowledge and expertise to do advanced research in the chosen discipline. RET will be specific to the candidate’s university and programme. It is important to check the requirements and process for RET before applying.

Following a good RET performance, a candidate is will have to face a PhD interview the date of which the university will publish as a formal part of its PhD admissions round. The interview will be about assessing the aspirant’s interests and experience and about establishing his/her suitability as candidate for the programme.

The university will verify application documents like certificates and transcripts related to your existing qualifications, as well as other relevant documents and materials. All requirements will be communicated to the candidate along with the interview details.

Academic qualifications, RET score and interview performance will confirm the suitably of a candidate for being enrolled on a PhD programme. Universities that want to check details of the topic you plan to explore during PhD and will ask for a research proposal. This may be a separate stage in your application, or it may be part of your interview process. Again, you should check your university’s requirements.

The minimum requirement for entry to an PhD is a Masters degree in a relevant subject, usually with an overall grade of at least 55% (or the equivalent). English is the official language used for teaching at most of its universities, while some specialised universities also teach in Hindi, Urdu or other Indian languages.

Availability of scholarships and fellowships for PhD is maintained by University Grants Commission and one can check them on UGC’s website. Most universities also have individual scholarships and fee waivers for eligible students.

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Top PhD Colleges in India 2024

India is home to some of the best Ph.D colleges which offer the degree in various disciplines such as management, science, arts and humanities, engineering, information technology etc. Ph.D is one of the most versatile courses and there are different streams that you can look at while planning to attain a Ph.D. degree . To get into one of the top Ph.D colleges in India, one has to appear in different Ph.D entrance exams which are course/ field specific. Given below is the detailed information about top PhD colleges in India, fee structure, eligibility and other important information.

The PhD colleges in India are approved either by AICTE, UGC or NAAC. The admission process may vary from college to college. Some of the popular Ph.D colleges in India are IITs, IIMs, Delhi University, and private universities like O.P. Jindal Global University, Amity University, Lovely Professional University and others. Apart from Ph.D courses, these colleges offer UG, PG, diploma and M . Phil courses as well. For PhD admissions in India, you can appear in entrance exams such as UGC NET, JRF, GATE, etc. The requirement for appearing in an entrance exam will depend upon the field or stream of PhD study and choice of the college. Most of the PhD colleges in India offer hostel facility for both male and female students as the completion of the entire research may take years. Apart from regular PhD courses, many universities in India also offer part-time PhD courses which can be pursued alongside taking up industry jobs.

The students can opt for them as per their convenience. There are many job profiles available for scholars after completing their PhD course or fellowship. From professors to research scientists, there are many career options available for PhD degree holders. The number of seats for each course and the selection criteria is also given in detail in the respective colleges listed below. The best PhD colleges in India assure great placement opportunities for the students. Go through the details to find out the facilities each campus offers.

Applied Filters

• Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy)

IIM Ahmedabad

• Approved by: EQUIS NAAC AICTE
• Type: Government
• IIM Ahmedabad Fees
• Get Free Counselling
• Approved by: NAAC
• NIRF Ranking: 3
• IIT Delhi Fees

NIT Mangalore

• Approved by: AICTE NBA
• NIRF Ranking: 38
• NIT Mangalore Fees
• PhD Law Colleges in India
• PhD Physics Colleges in India
• Ph.D Electrical Engineering Colleges in India
• PhD Management Colleges in India
• PhD Mechanical Engineering Colleges in India
• PhD Computer Science Colleges in India
• PhD Electronics and Communication Colleges in India
• PhD Mathematics Colleges in India

IIM Bangalore

• Approved by: AICTE EQUIS Ministry of HRD
• IIM Bangalore Fees
• Approved by: AICTE
• NIRF Ranking: 4
• IIT Bombay Fees

JIPMER Puducherry

• Approved by: Medical Council of India (MCI)
• Type: Public
• NIRF Ranking: 39
• JIPMER Puducherry Fees
• Ph.D Colleges in Delhi
• Ph.D Colleges in Karnataka
• Ph.D Colleges in Maharashtra
• Ph.D Colleges in Tamil Nadu
• Ph.D Colleges in Gujarat
• PhD Colleges in Punjab
• PhD Colleges in Uttar Pradesh
• PhD Colleges in Rajasthan
• PhD Colleges in Haryana
• Others (322)
• Computer Science (312)
• Management (299)
• Chemistry (291)
• Physics (288)
• Mathematics (262)
• English (229)
• Commerce (216)
• Mechanical Engineering (198)
• NIRF Ranking: 5
• IIT Kanpur Fees

IIM Kozhikode

• Approved by: AMBA AACSB EQUIS
• IIM Kozhikode Fees

United World Institute Of Design

• Approved by: UGC
• Type: Private
• Fee Structure
• Ph.D Colleges in Hyderabad
• Ph.D Colleges in Bangalore
• Ph.D Colleges in Chennai
• PhD Colleges in Mumbai

IIT Roorkee

• NIRF Ranking: 8
• IIT Roorkee Fees

NLSIU Bangalore

• Approved by: BCI
• Type: Private Unaided
• NLSIU Bangalore Fees

Loyola College

• Approved by: UGC NAAC AICTE
• Loyola College Fees

IIM Calcutta

• Approved by: UGC AMBA AACSB EQUIS
• NIRF Ranking: 99
• IIM Calcutta Fees
• Approved by: NCTE NABL IAP ICAR ACU ACBSP NAAC
• Type: Private (State University)
• NIRF Ranking: 46

Amity University, Lucknow

• Approved by: UGC NAAC
• Amity University, Lucknow Fees
• Engineering Colleges in India
• Arts Colleges in India
• Science Colleges in India
• MBA Colleges in India
• Education Colleges in India
• IT Colleges in India
• Commerce / Banking Colleges in India
• Medical Colleges in India
• Pharmacy Colleges in India
• Paramedical Colleges in India
• Nursing Colleges in India
• Hospitality / Aviation Colleges in India
• Design Colleges in India
• Vocational Colleges in India
• Law / Humanities Colleges in India
• Mass Communication Colleges in India

NIMHANS Bangalore

• NIMHANS Bangalore Fees
• Approved by: Bar Council of India NAAC
• NLU Odisha Fees

The IIS University

• Approved by: MHRD NAAC Govt. of India
• The IIS University Fees
• Private PhD Colleges in India
• Government PhD Colleges in India

IIT Hyderabad

• NIRF Ranking: 14
• IIT Hyderabad Fees

PAU Ludhiana

• Approved by: UGC Other
• NIRF Ranking: 74
• PAU Ludhiana Fees

Sanskriti University Mathura

• Approved by: UGC AIU ISO RCI ICAR NCTE ACU BCI PCI
• Sanskriti University Mathura Fees

The ICFAI University, Dehradun

• Approved by: UGC AICTE BCI AIU NCTE NAAC
• NIRF Ranking: 45
• Approved by: UGC NBA AICTE
• NIRF Ranking: 21
• NIT Trichy Fees
• Approved by: AICTE NAAC
• IIM Mumbai Fees

NIMS University

• Approved by: UGC DCI AIU INC MCI DEC BCI NAAC COA PCI AICTE
• NIRF Ranking: 16
• NIMS University Fees

NLU Hyderabad

• Approved by: UGC BCI
• NLU Hyderabad Fees

SGPIMS Lucknow

• Approved by: Other
• SGPIMS Lucknow Fees

NIPER Mohali

• Approved by: PCI Other
• NIPER Mohali Fees

VIT Vellore

• Approved by: MHRD UGC NAAC
• NIRF Ranking: 17
• VIT Vellore Fees

NLU Kolkata

• Approved by: UGC BCI NAAC
• Type: Private Aided
• NLU Kolkata Fees

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Who Was The First Phd In India

Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar was the first Indian to pursue a doctorate in economics abroad.

The first doctor of Modern India was ‘Surjo Kumar Chakraborty’ . He graduated from ‘Bengal Medical College’. He also went to England for higher studies. He was M.R.C.S and M.D. The first Female doctors of … Originally Answered: Who is the first PhD holder in India?

To the best of my knowledge the first MBBS from Indian medical college was Dr Suranj Kumar Chakraborty. Bengal medical college Calcutta.He did his post graduation from England.

According to the paper cited in the link above, the first PhD was produced from University of Allahabad in Chemistry by Anonda Prasad Sircar in 1904 by papers. After this 12 more PhDs were produced by University of Calcutta from 1909 to 1920.

When did PhD start in India?

With changes, it was taken up and expanded in the US, which by mid 1900s became a major producer of the world PhDs. In India, PhD program started toward the end of the nineteenth century – Calcutta University in 1877 granted the first PhD.

Who was the first PhD?

In 1861, Yale awarded the first three earned PhDs in North America to Eugene Schuyler, Arthur Williams Wright, and James Morris Whiton, although honorary PhDs had been awarded in the US for almost a decade, with Bucknell University awarding the first to Ebenezer Newton Elliott in 1852.

Who is the full form of PhD?

PhD is short for Doctor of Philosophy. This is an academic or professional degree that, in most countries, qualifies the degree holder to teach their chosen subject at university level or to work in a specialized position in their chosen field.

What is the origin of PhD?

The name of the degree comes from the Latin phrase philosophiae doctor, and the “philosophy” part of the name comes from the Greek word philosophia, “love of wisdom.” synonyms: Ph. D.

Who was the first PhD in India?

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar was the first Indian to get a Doctorate (Ph. D.)

Who is the highest PhD holder in the world?

When it comes to sheer numbers, the United States has the most doctoral graduates by far (71,000 in 2017), though it is ranked fourth in per capita terms. Germany and the United Kingdom are next with around 28,000 each.

Who is the first PhD person in India?

Who is the youngest phd.

The youngest person to be awarded a PhD is the German child prodigy Johann Heinrich Friedrich Karl Witte (born 10 July 1800; better known simply as Karl Witte), who received his doctorate from the University of Giessen, Germany, on 10 April 1814 at the age of 13 years 283 days.

When was the first PhD created?

The first Ph. D. was awarded in Paris in 1150, but it was the early 1800s before the degree gained its contemporary status as the highest academic honor.

What does PhD stand for exactly?

A PhD is a terminal academic degree students typically pursue when they’re interested in an academic or research career. A PhD is the highest possible academic degree a student can obtain. It stands for “Doctor of Philosophy,” which refers to the immense knowledge a student gains when earning the degree.

Can PhD be called Doctor?

A doctoral degree (PhD) is a degree that one earns after a master’s degree. A PhD entitles a person to use the title doctor.

Is doctorate and PhD same?

No, a PhD is not a higher degree than a professional doctorate. If you’re wondering what’s better than a PhD, both PhDs and professional doctorates are the highest level of college education that can be earned. Both degrees are doctoral degrees.

More Answers On Who Was The First Phd In India

Who is the first phd holder in india – online phd program.

Apr 7, 2022Who Is The First Phd Holder In Economics In India? As well as becoming the first Indian to receive an economics doctorate abroad, Ambedkar was also the first to hold a master’s degree in economics as well. The first Indian to earn a doctorate degree abroad was also the only one with an economics degree elsewhere as well.

Who Obtained The First Phd In Education In India?

Apr 9, 2022When Did Phd Started? There is a Dutch tradition of them dating back to 1815, and a Swiss one from 1833. First doctorate was awarded by Yale in 1861, the same year he was elected to the U.S. Below are the dates of PhDs that were awarded at a number of League of European Research Universities (LERU) based on research.

How Kamala Sohonie Became the First Indian Woman Ph.D in Science

It was during this tumultuous phase of India’s history that Kamala Sohonie (nee Bhagvat) was born – on June 18, 1911, in Bombay. In time, she would not only go on to become the first Indian woman to get a Ph.D in a scientific discipline, she would also have a dazzling career as a premier biochemist at Cambridge. Photo Source. Kamala was …

Kamala Sohonie: First Indian Woman To Get A PhD In Science | # …

Early life and education. Kamala Sohonie was born on September 14 th, 1912 in Indore, Madhya Pradesh.Her father Narayanrao and uncle Madhavrao were distinguished chemists. They were among the first to graduate from the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) in Bangalore. In 1933, she completed her first degree, a Bachelor of Science in physics and chemistry from Bombay University (now The …

Who got the first PhD? – educatecafe.com

Mar 13, 2022The first Ph. D. was awarded in Paris in 1150, but it was the early 1800s before the degree gained its contemporary status as the highest academic honor. … Who got first PhD in India? Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar was the first Indian to get a Doctorate (Ph. D.) Has Harvard had a black valedictorian?

Which was the first university awarded PhD to a scholar from library …

The University of Delhi was the first university that awarded a Ph.D. to a scholar from its Library Science Department in India. The history of Library and information science education in India is now century old. India has witnessed a steady growth in LIS education. The information and communication technology has impacted LIS education all …

FAQ: Phds in india? – Kerala Travel Tours

PhD opportunities in India – what’s on offer for 2021?Universities868Nobel Prizes12Oldest UniversitiesThe Universities of Calcutta, Madras and Mumbai. … Who is the first PhD holder in India? Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar was the first Indian to pursue a doctorate in economics abroad.

Who was first Indian doctor? – Quora

Answer (1 of 6): I took this question seriously and did research on it. As a result of that research I ended up coming to a couple of conclusions and some questions for you: * The First Female Doctor is Anandibai Gopalrao Joshi (1886) * If you’re talking about a male doctor unfortunately there…

The History of the Doctoral Degree – The Classroom

The first Ph.D. awarded to an African-American was at Yale University in 1876. A year later, the first woman received a Ph.D. in the United States. Features. The National Science Foundation reported that American universities awarded more than 1.3 million doctoral degrees from 1920 to 1999. Science and engineering fields accounted for 62 …

PhD Study in India – A Guide for 2022 | FindAPhD.com

Nov 18, 2021PhD Study in India – A Guide for 2022. The Indian higher education system has expanded at a simply phenomenal rate during the 21st Century – and it shows no sign of stopping. This rapid growth in the number of individual universities is also producing a range of PhD research opportunities, ranging from cutting-edge Science and Engineering …

First Lady gets PhD in India | The Sunday Mail

May 15, 2022FIRST LADY Auxillia Mnangagwa recently received another feather in her cap with the conferment of a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) (Honoris Causa) degree by GD Goenka University of India in recognition of her accomplishments in raising the standards of marginalised communities, saving women from cervical cancer, protection of children, human rights and great philanthropic works.

PhD [Doctor of Philosophy]: Admission, Degree, Online, Duration, Jobs

Jul 9, 2022PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) is the highest degree or a doctorate awarded for research in a particular subject. PhD course duration is 3 – 5 years. PhD degree requirements is to have a master’s degree or an MPhil with a minimum aggregate score of 55%. PhD admission is based on PhD entrance exams.

What is part time PhD in India? – educatecafe.com

What is the salary of PhD in India? PHD Student salary in India ranges between ₹ 0.4 Lakhs to ₹ 12.0 Lakhs with an average annual salary of ₹ 4.1 Lakhs. Salary estimates are based on 114 salaries received from PHD Students. Very High Confidence means the data is based on a large number of responses.

#what is the fees of phd in india Archives – IRST

Institution of Research Science and Technology We provide service for Ph.D. Research Assistance, Patent, Journal Assistance, Thesis Support, ETC. Flat No : 302,Chaitanya bank building, Opp to DilshukhNagar Metro, Hyderabad +91 91 53 23 44 44; Toggle navigation. Home. About Us. Organisation;

PhD in India- Fees, Duration, Scholarship and Universities

So the first criteria for doing a PhD in India is the postgraduate degree. Notably, you must have completed your undergraduate degree from a well-known university. Here one thing you should know about your master degree is that some universities don’t allow students with part-time master or postgraduate degree for PhD.

phd in photography in india – INFOLEARNERS

Jun 11, 2021The history of Indian Photography is brief but highly energetic and resourceful. The landmark event in the history of photography in India was the Lifelike Exhibition held at Calcutta between 7th and 17th February, 1855 (1st – 15th of Muharram 1266 AH). Collegelearners Website will provide informations you are looking for on Phd In Photography

PhD in India: Full Form, Duration, Eligibility, Courses & More

Mar 4, 2022Duration of PhD in India: 3-5 years. First Year of PhD . All students have to make a solid ground as a researcher and get complete information about the PhD scholarships scheme available as per their eligibility. They will also have an initial meeting with the supervisor for discussing the topic of research, plan of action as per the research …

phd in photography in india – CollegeLearners.org

Nov 4, 2021The history of Indian Photography is brief but highly energetic and resourceful. The landmark event in the history of photography in India was the Lifelike Exhibition held at Calcutta between 7th and 17th February, 1855 (1st – 15th of Muharram 1266 AH). Collegelearners Website will provide informations you are looking for on Phd In Photography

Is India good for PhD? – educatecafe.com

Score: 4.7/5 ( 29 votes ) An Indian PhD will qualify you well for further work related to your research area, in India or elsewhere. The expansion of the Indian university sector is creating many opportunities for academic work in the country and your experience of Indian higher education will prepare you well for these kinds of roles.

Who got the first Ph.D in India? – Answers

Viswanatha Sankara Rama Subramaniam or Dr.VSR.Subramaniam was the first Ph.D degree holder in management, from the Mumbai university (after the inception of this subject, when it was the …

The first Ph. D. was awarded in Paris in 1150, but it was the early 1800s before the degree gained its contemporary status as the highest academic honor. … Who got first PhD in India? Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar was the first Indian to get a Doctorate (Ph. D.) Has Harvard had a black valedictorian?

Doctor of Philosophy – Wikipedia

A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: philosophiae doctor or doctor philosophiae) is the most common degree at the highest academic level awarded following a course of study. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. Because it is an earned research degree, those studying for a PhD are required to produce original research that expands the …

PhD Study in India – A Guide for 2022. The Indian higher education system has expanded at a simply phenomenal rate during the 21st Century – and it shows no sign of stopping. This rapid growth in the number of individual universities is also producing a range of PhD research opportunities, ranging from cutting-edge Science and Engineering …

A True Story That Every Woman Who Wants To Do A PhD Needs To Read

A pathetic truth in India is that Government scholarships never get sanctioned on time. I received my first fellowship amount after 2 years of work, and the amount was for only 11 months. It feels very low, when you have to raise your hands in front of parents or your husband in spite of being well-educated.

PhD Eligibility In India: Know All About The Eligibility Criteria

Students who are seeking admission to PhD in India must have completed two years of Masters or M. Phil degree from an accredited university (Indian or foreign). They must have achieved 55% marks or equivalent grade in any of the mentioned programmes. So, with the same, students would fulfill the eligibility criteria for PhD in India apart from …

Distance PhD in India- Correspondence PhD in India – Eduflair

The average tuition fee for a correspondence PhD PhD in India is less than the regular PhD course in India. It ranges from about INR 5,000 to INR 50,000 per semester, depending on the university/ college. Note. UGC (University Grants Commission) does not approve Distance PhD courses in India.

PhD stipend in India? | PhD study tips

Type of Universities. PhD stipend in India ( First 2 years) PhD stipend in India ( After 2 years) Central University. 32000 INR. 38000 INR. Government University. 28000 INR. 35000 INR.

How to quit my PhD program in India – Quora

Answer (1 of 3): Just quit … no formalities other than probably a resignation letter!

Is it worth doing a PSYD or a PhD in psychology in India?

Answer (1 of 2): PhD. Simply because most universities do not offer PsyD courses and professional organizations don’t approve of the degree in the country. As a PhD holder in psychology at this time in India, you’ll get a lot more opportunities, respect and recognition. You have the option to c…

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Sarabjit Singh's daughter on death of his killer: 'First I was satisfied, but...' | Exclusive

Sarabjit singh's daughter swapandeep told india today tv that the death of her father's killer was not justice and they wanted a trial to take place..

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• Swapandeep, Sarabjit Singh's daughter, says death of his killer isn't justice
• Amir Sarfaraz, Sarabjit's killer, was shot dead by unknown men in Lahore
• Swapandeep alleges Pakistan government's involvement in Sarfaraz's death

Sarabjit Singh's daughter Swapandeep Kaur said her first reaction to the news that her father's killer had been shot dead in Lahore was one of satisfaction, but she quickly realised "this was not justice". In an exclusive interview with India Today TV, Swapandeep said what her family wanted was a trial to ascertain why Sarabjit Singh was killed and who was behind it.

Amir Sarfaraz, one of Pakistan's wanted underworld dons , who killed Sarabjit Singh in jail, was shot dead on Sunday by two unknown men in Lahore. Sarabjit Singh, a resident of Punjab, was given the death sentence in Pakistan on charges of spying and bomb attacks in Lahore and Faisalabad that claimed 14 lives in 1990.

He was killed inside the Kot Lakhpat Jail in Lahore in 2013 after staying there for 23 years.

When asked about how she reacted to the news of Sarfaraz's death, Swapandeep told India Today TV, "At first, I felt satisfied, but then I thought that this was not justice."

She also alleged that it was the Pakistan government who had gotten Sarabjit Singh killed in 2013. Swapandeep said releasing Sarabjit at the time would have meant he would reveal information on his mistreatment in Pakistan.

She further said it is likely that the Pakistan government was behind the killing of Amir Sarfaraz. "If there were three or four people involved in Papa's brutal murder, then this is them covering it up by killing that man to conceal the conspiracy that took place at that time," said Swapandeep.

Sarabjit Singh's daughter also told India Today TV that in her father's last letter, he wrote that he was being given slow poison and he was being treated "inhumanely" behind bars.

"The (prison) officials here tell me that it will be your bones which will go back to India. We will not let you go back alive, the whole of India is fighting for you so much, so it is not possible for us to let you go back safe and sound," Swapandeep quoted Sarabjit from his letter.

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