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Research Methods | Definitions, Types, Examples

Research methods are specific procedures for collecting and analyzing data. Developing your research methods is an integral part of your research design . When planning your methods, there are two key decisions you will make.

First, decide how you will collect data . Your methods depend on what type of data you need to answer your research question :

Second, decide how you will analyze the data .

Table of contents

Methods for collecting data, examples of data collection methods, methods for analyzing data, examples of data analysis methods, frequently asked questions about research methods.

Data is the information that you collect for the purposes of answering your research question . The type of data you need depends on the aims of your research.

Qualitative vs. quantitative data

Your choice of qualitative or quantitative data collection depends on the type of knowledge you want to develop.

For questions about ideas, experiences and meanings, or to study something that can’t be described numerically, collect qualitative data .

If you want to develop a more mechanistic understanding of a topic, or your research involves hypothesis testing , collect quantitative data .

You can also take a mixed methods approach , where you use both qualitative and quantitative research methods.

Primary vs. secondary research

Primary research is any original data that you collect yourself for the purposes of answering your research question (e.g. through surveys , observations and experiments ). Secondary research is data that has already been collected by other researchers (e.g. in a government census or previous scientific studies).

If you are exploring a novel research question, you’ll probably need to collect primary data . But if you want to synthesize existing knowledge, analyze historical trends, or identify patterns on a large scale, secondary data might be a better choice.

Descriptive vs. experimental data

In descriptive research , you collect data about your study subject without intervening. The validity of your research will depend on your sampling method .

In experimental research , you systematically intervene in a process and measure the outcome. The validity of your research will depend on your experimental design .

To conduct an experiment, you need to be able to vary your independent variable , precisely measure your dependent variable, and control for confounding variables . If it’s practically and ethically possible, this method is the best choice for answering questions about cause and effect.

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methodology in a research report

Your data analysis methods will depend on the type of data you collect and how you prepare it for analysis.

Data can often be analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. For example, survey responses could be analyzed qualitatively by studying the meanings of responses or quantitatively by studying the frequencies of responses.

Qualitative analysis methods

Qualitative analysis is used to understand words, ideas, and experiences. You can use it to interpret data that was collected:

Qualitative analysis tends to be quite flexible and relies on the researcher’s judgement, so you have to reflect carefully on your choices and assumptions and be careful to avoid research bias .

Quantitative analysis methods

Quantitative analysis uses numbers and statistics to understand frequencies, averages and correlations (in descriptive studies) or cause-and-effect relationships (in experiments).

You can use quantitative analysis to interpret data that was collected either:

Because the data is collected and analyzed in a statistically valid way, the results of quantitative analysis can be easily standardized and shared among researchers.

Quantitative research deals with numbers and statistics, while qualitative research deals with words and meanings.

Quantitative methods allow you to systematically measure variables and test hypotheses . Qualitative methods allow you to explore concepts and experiences in more detail.

In mixed methods research , you use both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis methods to answer your research question .

A sample is a subset of individuals from a larger population . Sampling means selecting the group that you will actually collect data from in your research. For example, if you are researching the opinions of students in your university, you could survey a sample of 100 students.

In statistics, sampling allows you to test a hypothesis about the characteristics of a population.

The research methods you use depend on the type of data you need to answer your research question .

Methodology refers to the overarching strategy and rationale of your research project . It involves studying the methods used in your field and the theories or principles behind them, in order to develop an approach that matches your objectives.

Methods are the specific tools and procedures you use to collect and analyze data (for example, experiments, surveys , and statistical tests ).

In shorter scientific papers, where the aim is to report the findings of a specific study, you might simply describe what you did in a methods section .

In a longer or more complex research project, such as a thesis or dissertation , you will probably include a methodology section , where you explain your approach to answering the research questions and cite relevant sources to support your choice of methods.

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How To Write The Methodology Chapter

The what, why & how explained simply (with examples).

By: Jenna Crossley (PhD). Reviewed By: Dr. Eunice Rautenbach | September 2021

So, you’ve pinned down your research topic and undertaken a review of the literature – now it’s time to write up the methodology section of your dissertation, thesis or research paper. But what exactly is the methodology chapter all about – and how do you go about writing one? In this post, we’ll unpack the topic, step by step .

Overview: The Methodology Chapter

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What (exactly) is the methodology chapter?

Your methodology chapter is where you highlight the philosophical underpinnings of your research and outline the specific research design choices you’ve made. The point of the methodology chapter is to tell the reader exactly how you designed your research and to justify your design choices .

The methodology chapter should comprehensively describe and justify all the research design choices you made. For example, the type of research you conducted (e.g. qualitative or quantitative ), how you collected your data, how you analysed your data and who or where you collected data from (sampling). We’ll explain all the key design choices later in this post .

Why is the methodology chapter important?

The methodology chapter is important for two reasons:

Firstly, it demonstrates your understanding of research design theory, which is what earns you marks. A flawed research design or methodology would mean flawed results, so this chapter is vital as it allows you to show the marker that you know what you’re doing and that your results are credible .

Secondly, the methodology chapter is what helps to make your study replicable – in other words, it allows other researchers to undertake your study using the same design, and compare their findings to yours. This is very important within academic research, as each study builds on previous studies.

The methodology chapter is also important because it allows you to identify and discuss any methodological issues or problems you encountered (i.e. limitations), and to explain how you mitigated the impacts of these. Every research project has its limitations and shortcomings , so it’s important to acknowledge these openly and highlight your study’s value despite its limitations. Again, this demonstrates your understanding of research design, which will earn you marks. We’ll discuss limitations in more detail later in this post.

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methodology in a research report

How to write up the methodology chapter

First off, it’s worth noting that the exact structure and contents of the methodology chapter will vary depending on the field of research (for example, humanities vs chemistry vs engineering) as well as the university . So, it’s always a good idea to check the guidelines provided by your institution for clarity and, if possible, review past dissertations and theses from your university. Here we’re going to discuss a generic structure for a methodology chapter typically found in the sciences, especially the social sciences (e.g. psychology).

Before you start writing, we always recommend that you draw up a rough outline , so that you have a clear direction to head in. Don’t just start writing without knowing what will go where. If you do, you’ll most likely end up with a disjointed, poorly flowing narrative . As a result, you’ll waste a lot of time rewriting in an attempt to try to stitch all the pieces together. Start with the end in mind.

Section 1 – Introduction

As with all chapters in your dissertation or thesis, the methodology chapter should have a brief introduction. In this introduction, you should remind your readers what the focus of your study is, especially the research aims . As we’ve discussed many times on this blog, your research design needs to align with your research aims, objectives and research questions , so it’s useful to frontload this to remind the reader (and yourself!) what you’re trying to achieve with your design and methodology.

In this section, you can also briefly mention how you’ll structure the chapter. This will help orient the reader and provide a bit of a roadmap so that they know what to expect.

The intro provides a roadmap to your methodology chapter

Section 2 – The Research Design

The next section of your methodology chapter should present your research design to the reader. In this section, you need to detail and justify all the key design choices in a logical, intuitive fashion. This is the heart of your methodology chapter, so you need to get specific – don’t hold back on the details here. This is not one of those “less is more” situations.

Let’s have a look at the most common design choices you’ll need to cover.

Design Choice #1 – Research Philosophy

Research philosophy refers to the underlying beliefs (i.e. world view) regarding how data about a phenomenon should be gathered , analysed and used . Your research philosophy  will serve as the core of your study and underpin all of the other research design choices, so it’s critically important that you understand which philosophy you’ll adopt and why you made that choice. If you’re not clear on this, take the time to  get clarity before you make any research design choices.

While several research philosophies exist, two commonly adopted ones are positivism and interpretivism .

Positivism is commonly the underlying research philosophy in quantitative studies. It states that the researcher can observe reality objectively and that there is only one reality, which exists independent of the observer.

Contrasted with this, interpretivism , which is often the underlying research philosophy in qualitative studies, assumes that the researcher performs a role in observing the world around them and that reality is unique to each observer . In other words, reality is observed subjectively .

These are just two philosophies (there are many) , but they demonstrate significantly different approaches to research and have a significant impact on all the research design choices. Therefore, it’s vital that you clearly outline and justify your research philosophy at the beginning of your methodology chapter, as it sets the scene for everything that follows.

The research philosophy is at the core of the methodology chapter

Design Choice #2 – Research Type

The next thing you would typically discuss in your methodology section is the research type. The starting point for this is to indicate whether the research you conducted is inductive or deductive . With inductive research, theory is generated from the ground up (i.e. from the collected data), and therefore these studies tend to be exploratory in terms of approach. Deductive research, on the other hand, starts with established theory and builds onto it with collected data, and therefore these studies tend to be confirmatory in approach.

Related to this, you’ll need to indicate whether your study adopts a qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods methodology. As we’ve mentioned, there’s a strong link between this choice and your research philosophy, so make sure that your choices are tightly aligned . Again, when you write this section up, remember to clearly justify your choices, as they form the foundation of your study.

Design Choice #3 – Research Strategy

Next, you’ll need to discuss your research strategy (i.e., your research “action plan”). This research design choice refers to how you conduct your research based on the aims of your study.

Several research strategies exist, including experiments , case studies , ethnography , grounded theory, action research , and phenomenology . Let’s look at two these, experimental and ethnographic, to see how they contrast.

Experimental research makes use of the scientific method , where one group is the control group (in which no variables are manipulated ) and another is the experimental group (in which a variable is manipulated). This type of research is undertaken under strict conditions in controlled, artificial environments – for example, within a laboratory. By having firm control over the environment, experimental research often allows the researcher to establish causation between variables. Therefore, it can be a good choice if you have research aims that involve identifying or measuring cause and effect.

Ethnographic research , on the other hand, involves observing and capturing the experiences and perceptions of participants in their natural environment (for example, at home or in the office). In other words, in an uncontrolled environment.  Naturally this means that this research strategy would be far less suitable if your research aims involve identifying causation, but it would be very valuable if you’re looking to explore and examine a group culture, for example.

As you can see, the right research strategy will depend largely on your research aims and research questions – in other words, what you’re trying to figure out. Therefore, as with every other design choice, it’s essential to justify why you chose the research strategy you did.

Justify every design/methodology choice

Design Choice #4 – Time Horizon

The next thing you need to cover in your methodology chapter is the time horizon. There are two options here – cross-sectional and longitudinal . In other words, whether the data for your study were all collected at one point in time (i.e. cross-sectional) or at multiple points in time (i.e. longitudinal).

The choice you make here depends again on your research aims, objectives and research questions. If, for example, you aim to assess how a specific group of people’s perspectives regarding a topic change over time , you’d likely adopt a longitudinal time horizon.

Another important factor is simply the practical constraints – in other words, whether you have the time necessary to adopt a longitudinal approach (which could involve collecting data over multiple years). Oftentimes, the time pressures of your degree program will force your hand into adopting a cross-sectional time horizon, so keep this in mind.

Design Choice #5 – Sampling Strategy

Next, you’ll need to discuss your chosen sampling strategy . There are two main categories of sampling, probability and non-probability sampling. Probability sampling involves a random (and therefore representative) selection of participants from a population, whereas non-probability sampling entails selecting participants in a non-randomized (and therefore non-representative) manner. For example, selecting participants based on ease of access (this is called a convenience sample).

The right sampling approach depends largely on what you’re trying to achieve in your study. Specifically, whether you trying to develop findings that are generalisable to a population or not. Practicalities and resource constraints also play a large role here, as it can oftentimes be challenging to gain access to a truly random sample.

Design Choice #6 – Data Collection Method

Next up, you need to explain how exactly you’ll go about collecting the necessary data for your study. Your data collection method (or methods) will depend on the type of data that you plan to collect – in other words, qualitative or quantitative data.

Typically, quantitative research relies on surveys , data generated by lab equipment, analytics software or existing datasets. Qualitative research, on the other hand, often makes use of collection methods such as interviews , focus groups , participant observations, and ethnography.

So, as you can see, there is a tight link between this section and the design choices you outlined in earlier sections. Strong alignment between these sections is therefore very important.

Design Choice #7 – Data Analysis Methods/Techniques

The final major design choice that you need to address is that of analysis techniques . In other words, once you’ve collected your data, how will you go about analysing it. Here it’s important to be specific about your analysis methods and/or techniques – don’t leave any room for interpretation. Also, as with all choices in this chapter, you need to justify each choice you make.

What exactly you discuss here will depend largely on the type of study you’re conducting (i.e., qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods). For qualitative studies, common analysis methods include content analysis , thematic analysis and discourse analysis . For quantitative studies, you’ll almost always make use of descriptive statistics, and in many cases, you’ll also use inferential statistical techniques (e.g. correlation and regression analysis).

In this section, it’s also important to discuss how you prepared your data for analysis, and what software you used (if any). For example, quantitative data will often require some initial preparation such as removing duplicates or incomplete responses . As always, remember to state both what you did and why you did it.

Time to analyse

Section 3 – The Methodological Limitations

With the key research design choices outlined and justified, the next step is to discuss the limitations of your design. No research design or methodology is perfect – there will always be trade-offs between the “ideal” design and what’s practical and viable, given your constraints. Therefore, this section of your methodology chapter is where you’ll discuss the trade-offs you had to make, and why these were justified given the context.

Methodological limitations can vary greatly from study to study, ranging from common issues such as time and budget constraints to issues of sample or selection bias . For example, you may find that you didn’t manage to draw in enough respondents to achieve the desired sample size (and therefore, statistically significant results), or your sample may be skewed heavily towards a certain demographic, thereby negatively impacting representativeness .

In this section, it’s important to be critical of the shortcomings of your study. There’s no use trying to hide them (your marker will be aware of them regardless). By being critical, you’ll demonstrate to your marker that you have a strong understanding of research design, so don’t be shy here. At the same time, don’t beat your study to death . State the limitations, why these were justified, how you mitigated their impacts to the best degree possible, and how your study still provides value despite these limitations.

Section 4 – Concluding Summary

Finally, it’s time to wrap up the methodology chapter with a brief concluding summary. In this section, you’ll want to concisely summarise what you’ve presented in the chapter. Here, it can be useful to use a figure to summarise the key design decisions, especially if your university recommends using a specific model (for example, Saunders’ Research Onion ).

Importantly, this section needs to be brief – a paragraph or two maximum (it’s a summary, after all). Also, make sure that when you write up your concluding summary, you include only what you’ve already discussed in your chapter; don’t add any new information.

Keep it simple

Wrapping up

And there you have it – the methodology chapter in a nutshell. As we’ve mentioned, the exact contents and structure of this chapter can vary between universities , so be sure to check in with your institution before you start writing. If possible, try to find dissertations or theses from former students of your specific degree program – this will give you a strong indication of the expectations and norms when it comes to the methodology chapter (and all the other chapters!).

Also, remember the golden rule of the methodology chapter – justify every choice ! Make sure that you clearly explain the “why” for every “what”, and reference credible methodology textbooks or academic sources to back up your justifications.

If you need a helping hand with your research methodology (or any other section of your dissertation or thesis), be sure to check out our private coaching service , where we hold your hand through every step of the research journey. Until next time, good luck!

methodology in a research report

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Research Method

Home » Research Report – Writing Guide and Examples

Research Report – Writing Guide and Examples

Table of Contents

Research Report

Research Report

Research Report is a type of academic writing that presents the findings of a study . It is usually written by scholars in order to communicate their findings to the larger academic community. In order to write a good research report, one must first understand what constitutes good research . Good research is systematic, objective, and replicable. It is also important that the research question be clear and concise

Parts of Research Report

The Research Report has the following parts or Format:

Abstract or Summary

Introduction, review of literature, conclusions and discussion.

An abstract is a brief summary of a research report. Its purpose is to provide an overview of the main points of the report and to introduce the reader to the problem being investigated. The abstract should be written in clear, concise language and should not exceed 300 words. It should be divided into sections that correspond to the sections of the report: Introduction, Methods , Results, and Discussion. Each section should be one or two sentences long. The abstract should begin with a statement of the problem or purpose of the study, followed by a description of the methods used, the results obtained, and the conclusions reached.

When you are writing a research report, it is important to include an introduction. This will give your reader an overview of what you will be discussing in your paper. Your introduction should be between two and three paragraphs long. In your first paragraph, you should introduce the topic of your paper and explain why it is important. In the second paragraph, you should provide an overview of your research findings. Finally, in the third paragraph, you should briefly summarize your conclusions.

A literature review is a comprehensive summary of previous research on a topic. The purpose of a literature review is to provide a critical evaluation of the existing research, to identify gaps in knowledge, and to suggest future directions for research. A literature review should include a description of the research problem, an overview of the relevant literature, a critical evaluation of the existing research, and a discussion of the implications for future research.

The methodology is the process used to gather and analyze data for a research project. There are many different types of methodology, and each has its own strengths and weaknesses. The most important thing to remember when choosing a methodology is that it should be fit for the specific research question you are trying to answer.

The paragraphs should start with:

In any research report, the Conclusions and Discussion sections are where the researcher gets to present their interpretation of the data. This is where they get to explain what the data means and how it can be used. It is important to remember that the Conclusions and Discussion sections are not always separate. Sometimes they are combined into one section. In this case, it is up to the researcher to decide which approach to take.

When writing the Conclusions and Discussion sections, there are a few things to keep in mind.

When it comes to research reports, references are key. Without references, your report is likely to be dismissed as invalid. That’s why it’s so important to make sure that you include references in your report. There are a few things to keep in mind when including references in your report.

If you follow these guidelines, then you should have no problem including references in your research report. Remember, references are essential in order to prove the validity of your research.

Importance of Research Report

The research report is one of the most important documents in the field of academia. It allows scholars to communicate their findings to the larger academic community and contribute to the advancement of knowledge. A well-written research report can have a significant impact on the career of a researcher, as it is often used by funding agencies and tenure committees to evaluate applicants. They are often used by journals when making editorial decisions. Therefore, it is crucial that scholars take the time to write clear and concise reports that accurately reflect their research.

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methodology in a research report

Examples of Methodology in Research Papers (With Definition)

Updated September 30, 2022

Published July 25, 2022

The Indeed Editorial Team comprises a diverse and talented team of writers, researchers and subject matter experts equipped with Indeed's data and insights to deliver useful tips to help guide your career journey.

When researchers record their findings, they often include a methodology section that details the research techniques used and outcomes. When writing a thesis or dissertation, or documenting a project for your employer, including details about methodology assists readers in understanding your findings. Learning more about the concept and reviewing examples of methodology is important for providing insight into the validity and reliability of research.

In this article, we explain why it's important to review examples of methodology, explore what a methodology is, highlight what it includes, learn how it differs from research methods, and discover an example of methodology in a research paper.

Why review examples of methodology?

If you're writing a thesis, it may be useful to review some examples of methodology. By reviewing these examples, you can learn more about research approaches that give credibility to studies. You can also learn more about the language used and the details included, which can help you make your own methodology sections of reports more effective.

What is a methodology in a research paper?

In a research paper, thesis, or dissertation, the methodology section describes the steps you took to investigate and research a hypothesis and your rationale for the specific processes and techniques used to identify, collect, and analyze data. The methodology element of your research report enables readers to assess the study's overall validity and reliability and provides an important insight into two key components, namely your data gathering and analysis techniques and your reason for investigating. When composing this section for a research paper, it's important to keep the topic concise and write in the past tense.

What to include in a methodology section

When developing a methodology for research papers, it's worth considering the following elements:

Type of research

The first part of a methodology section typically outlines the type of research you did, and how you established your research procedures. This section highlights the subject of your study and addresses the type of data necessary to conduct evaluations and research assessments. The methodology section commonly contains the criteria that your experimental investigations followed to provide valid and trustworthy data. The material in this section provides readers with an insight into the methods you used to assess validity and reliability throughout your investigations.

Data collection process

The methodology section also contains a description of how you collected the data. Whether you ran experimental testing on samples, conducted surveys or interviews, or created new research using existing data, this section of your methodology describes what you did and how you did it. Key aspects to mention include how you developed your experiment or survey, how you collected and organized data, and what kind of data you measured. Additionally, you may outline how you set particular criteria for qualitative and quantitative data collection.

Data analysis process

Your approach to data analysis is equally important to the processes of data collection. The term data analysis refers to the procedures you employed to organize, classify, and examine the data gathered throughout your research operations. For instance, when presenting your quantitative approaches, you may add information regarding the data preparation and organization procedures you used and a short description of the statistical tests involved. When presenting your qualitative data analysis techniques, you may prefer to concentrate on how you classified, coded, and applied language, text, and other observations throughout your study.

Resources, materials, and tools

The tools, materials, and other resources necessary for conducting your research and analysis are also important factors to include when outlining your approach. In documenting your processes, it's important to outline your use of software programs, mathematical and statistical formulae, and other instruments that assisted you in your study. Additionally, this area of your approach may describe any unique strategies you used to gather data and identify significant factors. The methods you used to investigate your hypothesis and underlying research questions are also key components of your methodology.

The rationale behind the research

Because the methodology section of your research paper demonstrates to readers why your study is legitimate and important, the final part of this section can concentrate on your justification for the research. Details such as why your studies are important, which sectors they pertain to, and how other researchers might reproduce your findings are critical components of this section. It's important to discuss any strategies you intend to employ to continue reviewing your research and to properly reference the primary and secondary sources you utilized.

Differences between the methodology and research methods

While the methodology section of your research paper contains information about the research techniques you employed, there are many distinctions between the methodology and the actual research methods you used, including:

The overall objective of your approach is distinct from the procedures you used to carry out your study. While the methodology section of your research paper describes your processes in detail, the methods section refers to the specific steps you took to collect and analyze data throughout your research. The methodology acts as a summary that proves the validity and dependability of your procedures, while the methods are the scientific ways to test and reach conclusions about the data you investigate.

The structure of the methodology section differs from how you describe and explain your research and analytic approaches. The methodology section is often located at the beginning of your article and takes the form of a summary or essay in paragraphs, outlining the validity, procedure, and justification for your study. The structure in which you discuss your methods varies according to the type of study, data, and evaluations used. For example, when presenting the methods, you may use a graph or chart to illustrate your results.

The objectives and style of your methodology and research techniques ultimately impact on the material that you present. It's important that your methodology provides a succinct review of your research, methods, and findings. As a result, the methodology section of your paper can include the elements you employed to conduct your investigations. The content of your research paper that describes your methods of data collection and analysis techniques may vary, as it's often required to clarify your scientific approaches and research procedures using lists and visual aids, such as charts or graphs, to supplement the material.

Example of a methodology in a research paper

The following example of a methodology in a research paper provides insight into the structure and content to consider when writing your own:

This research article discusses the psychological and emotional impact of a mental health support program for employees. The program provided prolonged and tailored help to job seekers via a job support agency that kept contact with applicants beyond initial job placement to give different forms of assistance. I chose a 50% random selection of respondents who participated in the employment agency's support program between April and October and met the research criteria I created based on prior and comparable studies.

My colleagues and I randomly allocated the 350 resultant patients to the treatment or control groups, which included life skills development and career training in an in-house workshop setting. My colleagues and I assessed the 350 participants upon admission and again after they reached the 90-day employment requirement. The psychological functioning and self-esteem assessments we conducted revealed considerable evidence of the impact of treatment on both measures, including results that contradicted our original premise.

We discovered that, rather than demonstrating better functioning and higher self-esteem, participants in the therapy group exhibited poorer cognitive and emotional functioning and self-esteem. These findings prompted my study team and me to conclude that people who consider themselves unfulfilled in their jobs often endure a substantial decline in performance as a consequence of increased workplace stress and lower emotional well-being, irrespective of their mental health status.

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Method/Methodology

The method section of a report details how the research was conducted, the research methods used and the reasons for choosing those methods. It should outline:

The methodology is a step-by-step explanation of the research process. It should be factual and is mainly written in the past tense.

Sample Methodology

The research used a quantitative methodology based on the approach advocated by Williams (2009). This study was conducted by questionnaire and investigated university teaching staff attitudes to the use of mobile phones in tutorials (see Appendix 1). The questionnaire used Likert scales to assess social attitudes (Jones 2007) to student mobile phone use and provided open-ended responses for additional comments. The survey was voluntary and anonymous. A total of 412 questionnaires were distributed online to randomly selected staff from each of the three colleges within the university. The completed questionnaires were returned by email.

[Describe: The research used a quantitative methodology based on the approach advocated by Williams (2009).] [Refer: This study was conducted by questionnaire and investigated university teaching staff attitudes to the use of mobile phones in tutorials (see Appendix 1). The questionnaire used Likert scales to assess social attitudes (Jones 2007) to student mobile phone use and provided open-ended responses for additional comments.] [Describes: The survey was voluntary and anonymous. A total of 412 questionnaires were distributed online to randomly selected staff from each of the three colleges within the university. The completed questionnaires were returned by email.]

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methodology in a research report

Methodology in a Research Paper: Definition and Example

Updated December 12, 2022

Published May 11, 2021

The Indeed Editorial Team comprises a diverse and talented team of writers, researchers and subject matter experts equipped with Indeed's data and insights to deliver useful tips to help guide your career journey.

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When researchers document their studies, they typically include a methodology to describe the processes and outcomes of their research. If you're covering a thesis topic, submitting a dissertation or documenting a project for your employer, including a methodology helps summarize your studies for readers who review your work. The methodology is also important to provide insight into the validity and reliability of your research.

In this article, we explore what a methodology is, what to include in this part of your paper and how it differs from your research methods with an example of methodology in a research paper.

What is a methodology in a research paper?

The methodology in a research paper, thesis paper or dissertation is the section in which you describe the actions you took to investigate and research a problem and your rationale for the specific processes and techniques you use within your research to identify, collect and analyze information that helps you understand the problem.

The methodology section of your research paper allows readers to evaluate the overall validity and reliability of your study and gives important insight into two key elements of your research: your data collection and analysis processes and your rationale for conducting your research. When writing a methodology for a research paper, it's important to keep the discussion clear and succinct and write in the past tense.

Quantitative and qualitative methodologies

There are two main approaches to methodology; quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative research methodology relies on concrete facts and data-driven research, and qualitative research methodology relies on non-data-driven research, such as surveys and polls, to identify patterns and trends.

What to include in a methodology

Students, graduates and other researchers often include several key sections within the methodology section. Consider the following elements when developing a methodology in research papers:

Type of research

The first part of a methodology section usually describes the type of research you perform and how you develop your research methods. This section also discusses the question or problem you investigate through your research and the type of data you need to perform evaluations and research assessments. Additionally, the methodology often includes the criteria your experimental studies need to meet to produce valid and reliable evidence. The information you cover in this part of your methodology allows readers to gain insight into how you measure validity and reliability during your studies.

Data collection process

The methodology also includes an explanation of your data collection process. For instance, if you perform experimental tests on samples, conduct surveys or interviews or use existing data to form new studies, this section of your methodology details what you do and how you do it. Several key details to include in this section of a methodology focus on how you design your experiment or survey, how you collect and organize data and what kind of data you measure. You may also include specific criteria for collecting qualitative and quantitative data.

Data analysis process

Your data analysis approaches are also important in your methodology. Your data analysis describes the methods you use to organize, categorize and study the information you collect through your research processes. For instance, when explaining quantitative methods, you might include details about your data preparation and organization methods along with a brief description of the statistical tests you use. When describing your data analysis processes regarding qualitative methods, you may focus more on how you categorize, code and apply language, text and other observations during your analysis.

Resources, materials and tools

The tools, materials and other resources you need for your research and analysis are also important elements to describe in your methodology. Software programs, mathematical and statistical formulas and other tools that help you perform your research are essential in documenting your methodology. This section of your methodology can also detail any special techniques you apply to collect data and identify important variables. Additionally, your approaches to studying your hypothesis and underlying research questions are essential details in your methodology.

Rationale behind the research

Since your methodology aims to show readers why your research is valid and relevant, the last part of this section of your research paper needs to focus on your rationale. Details like why your studies are relevant, what industries your studies relate to and how other researchers can replicate your results are essential components of this part of your methodology. It's important to address any approaches you plan to take to continue evaluating your research over time and to cite the primary and secondary sources you use in your research.

Differences between the methodology and methods

Although the methodology section of your research paper includes details about the methods you use in your research, there are several differences between a methodology and the research methods you apply:

The overall purpose of your methodology differs from the set of methods you use to apply to your research. While the methodology is the entire section of your research paper that describes your processes, the methods refer to the actual steps you take throughout your research to collect and analyze data. The methodology serves as a summary that demonstrates the validity and reliability of your methods, while the methods you detail in this section of your paper are the scientific approaches to test and make conclusions about the data you study.

The format for a methodology differs from the format you use to list and explain your research and analysis methods. The methodology usually appears at the beginning of your paper and looks like a summary or essay in paragraph form detailing your research validity, process and rationale. The format you use to describe your research and analysis methods can take various forms, depending on the type of research, type of data and type of assessments you use.

For instance, when describing the methods you use to perform quantitative and statistical analyses, the format you use may focus on a graph or chart to display your data. Additionally, the methods you describe within each part of your methodology can include tables or lists to demonstrate your research process and outcomes.

The purpose and format ultimately influence the content that you include in both your methodology and your research method details. However, the content within your entire methodology focuses on delivering a concise summary of your research, approaches and outcomes. Therefore, the content of your methodology includes all aspects of performing your studies. The content in your research paper that details your collection and analysis methods differs because it's often necessary to explain your scientific approaches and research processes with lists and visual aids (like charts or graphs) to support the information.

Example of a methodology in a research paper

The following example of a methodology in a research paper can provide additional insight into what to include and how to structure yours:

This research paper explains the psychological and emotional effects of a support program for employees with mental illness. The program involved extended and individualized support for employment candidates through a job support agency that maintained contact with candidates after initial job placement to offer support in various ways. I used a 50% random sampling of individuals who took part in the support program through the job support agency between April and October, and who fit the study criteria I developed from previous and similar studies.

My team and I randomly assigned the resulting 350 cases to either the treatment group or the control group, which comprised life skills development and employment training within an in-house workshop environment. My team and I measured all 350 participants upon intake and again at the 90-day threshold of employment. The psychological functioning and self-esteem measurements we used provided significant data on the effects of treatment within both measures, including opposing outcomes that differed from our initial hypothesis.

We found through our research that instead of improved function and higher self-esteem, the individuals within the treatment group displayed lower levels of cognitive and emotional function and lower self-esteem. These results led my research team and I to conclude that individuals who work in roles they find unfulfilling often experience significant decreases in performance due to higher job stress and diminished emotional well-being, regardless of their mental health conditions.

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How to Write Research Methodology

Last Updated: October 30, 2022 References Approved

This article was co-authored by wikiHow staff writer, Jennifer Mueller, JD . Jennifer Mueller is a wikiHow Content Creator. She specializes in reviewing, fact-checking, and evaluating wikiHow's content to ensure thoroughness and accuracy. Jennifer holds a JD from Indiana University Maurer School of Law in 2006. wikiHow marks an article as reader-approved once it receives enough positive feedback. In this case, 88% of readers who voted found the article helpful, earning it our reader-approved status. This article has been viewed 469,472 times. Learn more...

The research methodology section of any academic research paper gives you the opportunity to convince your readers that your research is useful and will contribute to your field of study. An effective research methodology is grounded in your overall approach – whether qualitative or quantitative – and adequately describes the methods you used. Justify why you chose those methods over others, then explain how those methods will provide answers to your research questions. [1] X Research source

Describing Your Methods

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Justifying Your Choice of Methods

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Connecting Your Methods to Your Research Goals

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To write a research methodology, start with a section that outlines the problems or questions you'll be studying, including your hypotheses or whatever it is you're setting out to prove. Then, briefly explain why you chose to use either a qualitative or quantitative approach for your study. Next, go over when and where you conducted your research and what parameters you used to ensure you were objective. Finally, cite any sources you used to decide on the methodology for your research. To learn how to justify your choice of methods in your research methodology, scroll down! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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methodology in a research report

Home Market Research

Research Reports: Definition and How to Write Them

Research Reports

Reports are usually spread across a vast horizon of topics but are focused on communicating information about a particular topic and a niche target market. The primary motive of research reports is to convey integral details about a study for marketers to consider while designing new strategies.

Certain events, facts, and other information based on incidents need to be relayed to the people in charge, and creating research reports is the most effective communication tool. Ideal research reports are extremely accurate in the offered information with a clear objective and conclusion. These reports should have a clean and structured format to relay information effectively.

What are Research Reports?

Research reports are recorded data prepared by researchers or statisticians after analyzing the information gathered by conducting organized research, typically in the form of surveys or qualitative methods .

A research report is a reliable source to recount details about a conducted research. It is most often considered to be a true testimony of all the work done to garner specificities of research.

The various sections of a research report are:

Learn more: Quantitative Research

Components of Research Reports

Research is imperative for launching a new product/service or a new feature. The markets today are extremely volatile and competitive due to new entrants every day who may or may not provide effective products. An organization needs to make the right decisions at the right time to be relevant in such a market with updated products that suffice customer demands.

The details of a research report may change with the purpose of research but the main components of a report will remain constant. The research approach of the market researcher also influences the style of writing reports. Here are seven main components of a productive research report:

Learn more: Quantitative Data

Learn more: Qualitative Observation

15 Tips for Writing Research Reports

Writing research reports in the manner can lead to all the efforts going down the drain. Here are 15 tips for writing impactful research reports:

Learn more: Quantitative Observation

Learn more: Qualitative Data

Learn more: Market Research and Analysis

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Other categories

Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper

The methods section describes actions taken to investigate a research problem and the rationale for the application of specific procedures or techniques used to identify, select, process, and analyze information applied to understanding the problem, thereby, allowing the reader to critically evaluate a study’s overall validity and reliability. The methodology section of a research paper answers two main questions: How was the data collected or generated? And, how was it analyzed? The writing should be direct and precise and always written in the past tense.

Kallet, Richard H. "How to Write the Methods Section of a Research Paper." Respiratory Care 49 (October 2004): 1229-1232.

Importance of a Good Methodology Section

You must explain how you obtained and analyzed your results for the following reasons:

Bem, Daryl J. Writing the Empirical Journal Article. Psychology Writing Center. University of Washington; Denscombe, Martyn. The Good Research Guide: For Small-Scale Social Research Projects . 5th edition. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press, 2014; Lunenburg, Frederick C. Writing a Successful Thesis or Dissertation: Tips and Strategies for Students in the Social and Behavioral Sciences . Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press, 2008.

Structure and Writing Style

I.  Groups of Research Methods

There are two main groups of research methods in the social sciences:

II.  Content

The introduction to your methodology section should begin by restating the research problem and underlying assumptions underpinning your study. This is followed by situating the methods you used to gather, analyze, and process information within the overall “tradition” of your field of study and within the particular research design you have chosen to study the problem. If the method you choose lies outside of the tradition of your field [i.e., your review of the literature demonstrates that the method is not commonly used], provide a justification for how your choice of methods specifically addresses the research problem in ways that have not been utilized in prior studies.

The remainder of your methodology section should describe the following:

In addition, an effectively written methodology section should:

NOTE :   Once you have written all of the elements of the methods section, subsequent revisions should focus on how to present those elements as clearly and as logically as possibly. The description of how you prepared to study the research problem, how you gathered the data, and the protocol for analyzing the data should be organized chronologically. For clarity, when a large amount of detail must be presented, information should be presented in sub-sections according to topic. If necessary, consider using appendices for raw data.

ANOTHER NOTE : If you are conducting a qualitative analysis of a research problem , the methodology section generally requires a more elaborate description of the methods used as well as an explanation of the processes applied to gathering and analyzing of data than is generally required for studies using quantitative methods. Because you are the primary instrument for generating the data [e.g., through interviews or observations], the process for collecting that data has a significantly greater impact on producing the findings. Therefore, qualitative research requires a more detailed description of the methods used.

YET ANOTHER NOTE :   If your study involves interviews, observations, or other qualitative techniques involving human subjects , you may be required to obtain approval from the university's Office for the Protection of Research Subjects before beginning your research. This is not a common procedure for most undergraduate level student research assignments. However, i f your professor states you need approval, you must include a statement in your methods section that you received official endorsement and adequate informed consent from the office and that there was a clear assessment and minimization of risks to participants and to the university. This statement informs the reader that your study was conducted in an ethical and responsible manner. In some cases, the approval notice is included as an appendix to your paper.

III.  Problems to Avoid

Irrelevant Detail The methodology section of your paper should be thorough but concise. Do not provide any background information that does not directly help the reader understand why a particular method was chosen, how the data was gathered or obtained, and how the data was analyzed in relation to the research problem [note: analyzed, not interpreted! Save how you interpreted the findings for the discussion section]. With this in mind, the page length of your methods section will generally be less than any other section of your paper except the conclusion.

Unnecessary Explanation of Basic Procedures Remember that you are not writing a how-to guide about a particular method. You should make the assumption that readers possess a basic understanding of how to investigate the research problem on their own and, therefore, you do not have to go into great detail about specific methodological procedures. The focus should be on how you applied a method , not on the mechanics of doing a method. An exception to this rule is if you select an unconventional methodological approach; if this is the case, be sure to explain why this approach was chosen and how it enhances the overall process of discovery.

Problem Blindness It is almost a given that you will encounter problems when collecting or generating your data, or, gaps will exist in existing data or archival materials. Do not ignore these problems or pretend they did not occur. Often, documenting how you overcame obstacles can form an interesting part of the methodology. It demonstrates to the reader that you can provide a cogent rationale for the decisions you made to minimize the impact of any problems that arose.

Literature Review Just as the literature review section of your paper provides an overview of sources you have examined while researching a particular topic, the methodology section should cite any sources that informed your choice and application of a particular method [i.e., the choice of a survey should include any citations to the works you used to help construct the survey].

It’s More than Sources of Information! A description of a research study's method should not be confused with a description of the sources of information. Such a list of sources is useful in and of itself, especially if it is accompanied by an explanation about the selection and use of the sources. The description of the project's methodology complements a list of sources in that it sets forth the organization and interpretation of information emanating from those sources.

Azevedo, L.F. et al. "How to Write a Scientific Paper: Writing the Methods Section." Revista Portuguesa de Pneumologia 17 (2011): 232-238; Blair Lorrie. “Choosing a Methodology.” In Writing a Graduate Thesis or Dissertation , Teaching Writing Series. (Rotterdam: Sense Publishers 2016), pp. 49-72; Butin, Dan W. The Education Dissertation A Guide for Practitioner Scholars . Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin, 2010; Carter, Susan. Structuring Your Research Thesis . New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012; Kallet, Richard H. “How to Write the Methods Section of a Research Paper.” Respiratory Care 49 (October 2004):1229-1232; Lunenburg, Frederick C. Writing a Successful Thesis or Dissertation: Tips and Strategies for Students in the Social and Behavioral Sciences . Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press, 2008. Methods Section. The Writer’s Handbook. Writing Center. University of Wisconsin, Madison; Rudestam, Kjell Erik and Rae R. Newton. “The Method Chapter: Describing Your Research Plan.” In Surviving Your Dissertation: A Comprehensive Guide to Content and Process . (Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications, 2015), pp. 87-115; What is Interpretive Research. Institute of Public and International Affairs, University of Utah; Writing the Experimental Report: Methods, Results, and Discussion. The Writing Lab and The OWL. Purdue University; Methods and Materials. The Structure, Format, Content, and Style of a Journal-Style Scientific Paper. Department of Biology. Bates College.

Writing Tip

Statistical Designs and Tests? Do Not Fear Them!

Don't avoid using a quantitative approach to analyzing your research problem just because you fear the idea of applying statistical designs and tests. A qualitative approach, such as conducting interviews or content analysis of archival texts, can yield exciting new insights about a research problem, but it should not be undertaken simply because you have a disdain for running a simple regression. A well designed quantitative research study can often be accomplished in very clear and direct ways, whereas, a similar study of a qualitative nature usually requires considerable time to analyze large volumes of data and a tremendous burden to create new paths for analysis where previously no path associated with your research problem had existed.

To locate data and statistics, GO HERE .

Another Writing Tip

Knowing the Relationship Between Theories and Methods

There can be multiple meaning associated with the term "theories" and the term "methods" in social sciences research. A helpful way to delineate between them is to understand "theories" as representing different ways of characterizing the social world when you research it and "methods" as representing different ways of generating and analyzing data about that social world. Framed in this way, all empirical social sciences research involves theories and methods, whether they are stated explicitly or not. However, while theories and methods are often related, it is important that, as a researcher, you deliberately separate them in order to avoid your theories playing a disproportionate role in shaping what outcomes your chosen methods produce.

Introspectively engage in an ongoing dialectic between the application of theories and methods to help enable you to use the outcomes from your methods to interrogate and develop new theories, or ways of framing conceptually the research problem. This is how scholarship grows and branches out into new intellectual territory.

Reynolds, R. Larry. Ways of Knowing. Alternative Microeconomics . Part 1, Chapter 3. Boise State University; The Theory-Method Relationship. S-Cool Revision. United Kingdom.

Yet Another Writing Tip

Methods and the Methodology

Do not confuse the terms "methods" and "methodology." As Schneider notes, a method refers to the technical steps taken to do research . Descriptions of methods usually include defining and stating why you have chosen specific techniques to investigate a research problem, followed by an outline of the procedures you used to systematically select, gather, and process the data [remember to always save the interpretation of data for the discussion section of your paper].

The methodology refers to a discussion of the underlying reasoning why particular methods were used . This discussion includes describing the theoretical concepts that inform the choice of methods to be applied, placing the choice of methods within the more general nature of academic work, and reviewing its relevance to examining the research problem. The methodology section also includes a thorough review of the methods other scholars have used to study the topic.

Bryman, Alan. "Of Methods and Methodology." Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal 3 (2008): 159-168; Schneider, Florian. “What's in a Methodology: The Difference between Method, Methodology, and Theory…and How to Get the Balance Right?” PoliticsEastAsia.com. Chinese Department, University of Leiden, Netherlands.

Research Paper Guide

How To Write A Research Methodology

Nova A.

How to Write a Research Methodology for a Research Paper

Published on: Feb 21, 2020

Last updated on: Jan 13, 2023

Research Methodology

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The research methodology is the backbone of the  research paper . Regardless of how great your introduction or literature review are. It will be difficult to show readers that your work is well researched without a strong and compelling research method.

However, some students find it difficult to write like professional writers. Therefore, continue reading this blog and learn about how to write it that will impress your teacher.

What is a Research Methodology?

A research methodology is the blueprint of a study that provides an interpretation of the data gathered. Then draw a conclusion about it. Researchers use various techniques to answer their research questions, such as qualitative, quantitative, lab experiments, etc.

The main purpose of the research methodology is to:

Moreover, in the research methodology section, the researcher has to answer two questions:

Also, write the research methodology section in the past tense. In this section, include only relevant information and avoid including any inaccurate details.

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How to Write a Research Methodology?

Research methodology is an important part of any research study. It helps to convince the readers that your work matters and contributes knowledge in its field, making them more inclined to read what you have written.

We gathered some steps to help you write a great research methodology for your research paper.

1. Explain the Methodological Approach

Start by introducing the research problem you want to investigate? Describe the characteristics of something, explore the new topic, or explain the cause-and-effect strategy. Therefore, you have to think about what kind of data you have to collect for this research.

Below are some questions that you need to answer in this section:

However, it depends on the discipline and approach. You could start by discussing the rationale and assumptions underpinning your methodology.

Therefore, answer these questions to define the methodology.

2. Describe the Methods of Data Collection

After introducing the methodological approach, define data collection methods. The main ones are qualitative and quantitative that we'll discuss below in detail:

The  qualitative method  focuses on collecting data from open-ended communication. It allows the researcher to generate new ideas for research and analyze people’s motivations and feelings.

The most common qualitative research methods are:

The in-person interview is one of the most popular research methods because it provides direct access to respondents. To successfully conduct an interview, you must interact with people and ask them questions about their perspectives on a topic or issue at hand; this way, we’ll know how they feel.

Therefore, when you use this method, you have to keep some questions in your mind:

The observation method uses subjective methods to collect systematic data. It is used for collecting data on naturally occurring behaviors in their usual context.

Like an interview, in this research method, you should also keep some questions in your mind:

In this method, the researcher studies the people’s daily lives without interfering in their activities. And the people are unaware that they are being observed.

Describe to the readers how you selected the materials for your research.

In the  quantitative research  method, the researcher should describe their methods sufficiently for another researcher to replicate them.

Also, explain how you measured variables and operational concepts. And discuss the sampling method, materials, tools, and procedures used to gather data.

Here are some popular quantitative research methods:

A survey is a powerful tool for gathering all sorts of data. It can distribute through email, social media networks, QR codes, and text messages.

Also, keep some questions in your mind:

These questions will help a lot and also include the full interview or questionnaire in an appendix. Therefore, the reader easily knows what data is collected.

Experiments

Provide full details about the tools, procedures, and techniques used for the experiment.

It is important to provide enough detail so that another researcher can recreate your experiments.

3. Describe your Data Analysis Methods

In this step, you should explain how you have analyzed and processed data. However, do not go into in-depth and not discuss the results of your work at this step.

4. Evaluate the Methodology you Select

The methodology section is important because it provides the readers with why you selected a certain method. Also, you have to discuss the weaknesses of the selected approach. However, describe why its strengths have convinced you to choose it.

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Examples of How to Write a Research Methodology

Take a look at this sample and get an idea from it.

Writing Research Methodology - Sample

Tips for Writing the Strong Research Methodology

The following are the tips that help you to write a perfect research methodology.

We know writing the research methodology is difficult. Therefore, to make your writing phase easier, hire a professional writer from  MyPerfectWords.com .

We are the  top essay writing service  and help thousands of students across the globe.

So, contact us now and leave all your writing stress on our  essay writer .

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the parts of research methodology.

Below are the main parts of the research methodology are:

What should a methodology include?

The following are the things that you should include in the methodology section:

What is the scope of research methodology?

The scope of methodology is important because it decides the extent to which research will be explored and defines what parameters are in place for that work.

What are the 5 parts of methodology?

The five parts of methodology are:

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Nova Allison is a Digital Content Strategist with over eight years of experience. Nova has also worked as a technical and scientific writer. She is majorly involved in developing and reviewing online content plans that engage and resonate with audiences. Nova has a passion for writing that engages and informs her readers.

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Research Methodology

The research methodology is a part of your research paper that describes your research process in detail. It would help if you always tried to make the section of the research methodology enjoyable.

As you describe the procedure that has already been completed, you need to write it in the past tense.

Your research methodology should explain:

What was the purpose of your research?

What type of research method is used?

What were the data collecting methods?

How did you analyze the data?

What kind of resources has been used in your research?

Why did you choose these methods?

How to Write a Research Methodology?

Start writing your research methodology with the research problem giving a clear picture of your study’s purpose. It’ll help your readers focus on the research objectives and understand the remaining procedure of your research.

You should explain:

What type of research have you conducted?

The types of research can be categorized from the following perspectives;

Application of the study

Aim of the research

Mode of inquiry

Research approach

While talking about the research methods, you should highlight the key points, such as:

What kind of data gathering methods you’ve used in your research?

There are three types of data collecting methods such as:

Qualitative Method

Qualitative research is based on quality, and it looks in-depth at non-numerical data. It enables us to understand the comprehensive details of the problem. The researcher prepares open-ended questions to gather as much information as possible.

Quantitative Method

The quantitative research is associated with the aspects of measurement, quantity, and extent. It follows the statistical, mathematical, and computational techniques in numerical data such as percentages and statistics. The research is conducted on a large group of population.

Mixed Methods

When you combine quantitative and qualitative methods of research, the resulting approach becomes mixed methods of research.

Example: In quantitative correlation research , you aim to identify the cause-and-effect relationship between two or more variables. It would help if you also focused on explaining the difference between correlation and causation.
Example: In a qualitative research case study , your research’s focus is to find answers to how and why questions. You need to collect data collection from multiple sources over time. You need to analyse real-world problems in-depth, then you can use the method of the case study.

Describe the Research Methods

After explaining the research method you have used, you should describe the data collection methods you used. Mention the procedure and materials you used in your research.

Qualitative Methods

Interview/Focus Group Discussion

Describe the details and criteria of the interviews and. You should include the following points:

The type of questionnaire you have used in your interview.

The procedure for selecting participants.

The size of your sample (number of participation)

The duration and location of interviews.

Observation

Describe the procedure of your observation and include the following points:

Who were the participants of your observation?

How did you get access to that specific group?

How did you record the data? (written form, audio or video recording)

Archival Data

Here you have to describe the existing data you’ve’ used. You should explain:

What type of resources have you used? (texts, images, audio, videos)

To seek in-depth information about the stress level among men and women, semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten men and ten women of company X. The participants were aged between 20-40. The interviews were held in the canteen to create a stress-free environment that lasted 15 minutes each. The responses were written and filmed.

Quantitative Methods

Describe the entire procedure of your survey. Include the following points:

What type of survey have you conducted? (Questionnaire/interview/ rating scale/ Online Survey)

Who were the participants of your survey? How did you select them?

What was the sample size ?

What type of questions you’ve used in your survey? (open-ended/closed-ended)

How many questions have you used?

What was the response rate of the participants?

Experiments

Explain the detailed procedure you have followed in your experiment. Try to provide as much information you can provide. Include the following points:

The type of your experimental design .

Sampling method you’ve used to select subjects.

Tools and techniques used in the experiment.

The way you identified a cause-and-effect relationship between the variables.

Describe the existing data you’ve used in your research. Include the following points:

The survey included ten multiple-choice questions and ten open-ended questions. The survey’s objective is to determine the stress level of working women who have to deal with household responsibilities. From 17-20 Jan 2018, between 11:00 to 13:00, the survey questionnaire was distributed among the women at the working counters. The participants were given 10 minutes to fill the questionnaire. Out of 500 participants, 450 responded, and 350 were included in the analysis.

Describe Methods of Data Analysis

In this section, you should briefly describe the methods you’ve used to analyse the data you’ve collected.

The qualitative method includes analysing language, images, audio, videos, or any textual data (textual analysis). The following types of methods are used in textual analysis .

Discourse analysis : Discourse analysis is an essential aspect of studying a language and its uses in day-to-day life.

Content analysis : It is a method of studying and retrieving meaningful information from documents

Thematic analysis: It’s a method of identifying patterns of themes in the collected information, such as face-to-face interviews, texts, and transcripts.

Example: After collecting the data, it was checked thoroughly to find the missing information. The interviews were transcribed, and textual analysis was conducted. The repetitions of the text, types of colours displayed, the tone of the speakers was measured.

Quantitative data analysis is used for analysing numerical data. Include the following points:

The methods of preparing data before analysing it.

Which statistical test you have used? (one-ended test, two-ended test)

The type of software you’ve used.

After collecting the data, it was checked thoroughly to find out the missing information. The coding system was used to interpret the data.

Provide Background and Justification

Many research methods are available, from standard to an averaged approach based on the requirements and abilities. In the research methodology section, it’s essential to mention the reasons behind selecting a specific research method.

You should also explain why you did not choose any other standard approach to your topic when it fits your requirements. Talk about your research objectives and highlight the points that could affect your research procedure if you select another research method.

You can discuss the limitations of other research methods compared to your research requirements and the method you’ve used.

Ethnographic research requires a lot of time, and one has to struggle a lot to gain access to the community. A researcher has to spend time with the target group in their natural environment. Sometimes, it’s difficult for a researcher to introduce himself as a researcher/participant with the community.
The online survey does not provide reliable responses. The only benefit of conducting an online survey would be its quick response rate and cost-effectiveness.

Points to Remember while Writing Methodology

While writing your methodology, you need to keep in mind that you don’t need to make it complicated with unnecessary details.

The aim of your writing a research methodology is not merely discussing the methods and techniques you’ve used.

You have to provide a detailed account of the procedure you’ve followed, the obstacles you faced, and the way you overcome them.

Your research question and objectives of the research are the base of your research. You should discuss the objectives and explain how this specific method helped you answer your research question. You can use goals and outcomes as evidence to support your discussion.

If you’ve used any standard method in your research, you don’t need to provide many details about it as it would be common in your field. However, if you’ve used any specific approach rarely used in your field, you should explain it in detail. Your explanation and information can help other researchers in their research.

Your methodology should be well-structured and easy to understand, with all the necessary information, evidence to support your argument.

After gathering the data, it’s essential to credit the sources you have used in your research. Mention the resources you’ve used, the way you got access to those resources. Use any suitable referencing style to cite sources such as APA, MLA, and Chicago, etc.

All Articles in this Category

How to write methodology for dissertation, research methods for dissertation, quantitative vs qualitative research, types of variables, experimental research, ethnographic research, a quick guide to case study, discourse analysis, action research for my dissertation – the do’s and the don’ts, methods of data collection, inductive and deductive reasoning, hypothesis testing, correlational research, how to conduct surveys, a quick guide to textual analysis, thematic analysis, historical research, types of research, reliability and validity, sampling methods, a quick guide to descriptive research, tips to transcribe an interview, content analysis, primary vs secondary research, what are confounding variables, advantages of secondary research, disadvantages of secondary research, advantages of primary research, disadvantages of primary research, popular articles in this category.

The methodology is perhaps the most challenging and laborious part of research work. Here is a guide on how to write the methodology chapter for the dissertation!

Struggling to figure out “whether I should choose primary research or secondary research in my dissertation?” Here are some tips to help you decide.

The authenticity of the dissertation is largely influenced by the research method employed. Here we present the most notable research methods for dissertation.

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Research-Methodology

Research Methods

Research methods is a broad term. While methods of  data collection  and  data analysis  represent the core of research methods, you have to address a range of additional elements within the scope of your research.

The most important elements of research methodology expected to be covered in business dissertation at Bachelor’s, Master’s and PhD levels include research philosophy, types of reseaerch, research approach, methods of data collection, sampling and ethical considerations.

Let’s look briefly at each of them separately.

1. Research philosophy

Research philosophy  is associated with clarification of assumption about the nature and the source of knowledge. All studies are based on some kind of assumptions about the world and the ways of understanding the world. There is no consensus among philosophers about the most appropriate ways of understanding the world; therefore, you are expected to clarify the philosophy you have chosen to understand your research problem.

In simple words, research phislophy refers to your beliefe about how data should be collected, analysed and used. Accordingly, clarification of reseaerch philosophy is a starting point for the choice of research methods.

Positivism  and  phenomenology  are the two main contrasting research philosophies related to business studies. Positivism is an objective approach which relies on facts and quantitative data. Phenomenology, on the contrary, takes into account subjective human interests and focuses on meanings rather than hard data. You have to specify in your dissertation which philosophy you are following.

You can read more about research philosophy  here .

2. Types of Research

Reseach methods also depend on the type of research accprding to the purpose of the study. Specifically, according to their purpose, studies can be classified either as applied research or fundamental research.

Applied research , also known as action research, aims to find solution for immediate and specific problem(s). Accordingly, findings of applised studies are valuable on practical levels and can be applied to address concrete problems.

Fundamental research , on the other hand, also known as basic research or pure research, aims to contribute to the overall scope of knowledge in the research area without immediate practical implications. Findings of fundamental studies cannot be used to solve immediate and specific business problems.

You can read more about types of researches here .

3. Research approach

Research approach  is another important element of research methodology that directly effects the choice of specific research methods. Research approach can be divided into two,  inductive  and  deductive  categories. If you decide to find answer to specific research question(s) formulated in the beginning of the research process, you would be following an inductive approach. Alternatively, if you choose to achieve research objective(s) via testing hypotheses, your research approach can be specified as deductive. The choice between the two depends on a set of factors such as the area of study, research philosophy, the nature of the research problem and others.

You can read more about research approach  here .

4. Research design

Research design  can be  exploratory  or  conclusive . If you want merely explore the research problem and you do not want to produce final and conclusive evidences to the research problem, your research design would be exploratory.  Conclusive research design, on the contrary, aims to provide final and conclusive answers to the research question. Conclusive research be further divided into two sub-categories.

You can read more about research design  here .

5. Data collection methods

There are two types of data – primary and secondary. Primary data is a type of data which never existed before, hence it was not previously published. Primary data is collected for a specific purpose, i.e. they are critically analyzed to find answers to research question(s). Secondary data, on the other hand, refers to a type of data that has been previously published in journals, magazines, newspapers, books, online portals and other sources.

Dissertations can be based solely on the secondary data, without a need for the primary data. However, the opposite is not true i.e. no research can be completed only using primary data and secondary data collection and analysis is compulsory for all dissertations.

Primary data collection methods can be divided into two categories: qualitative and quantitative.

The main differences between  qualitative  and  quantitative  research methods can be summarized in the following points:

Firstly, the concepts in quantitative research methods are usually expressed in the forms of variables, while the concepts in qualitative research methods are expressed in motives and generalizations.

Secondly, quantitative research methods and measures are usually universal, like formulas for finding mean, median and mode for a set of data, whereas, in qualitative research each research is approached individually and individual measures are developed to interpret the primary data taking into account the unique characteristics of the research.

Thirdly, data in quantitative research appears in the forms of numbers and specific measurements and in qualitative research data can be in forms of words, images, transcripts, etc.

Fourthly, research findings in quantitative research can be illustrated in the forms of tables, graphs and pie-charts, whereas, research findings in qualitative studies is usually presented in analysis by only using words.

The following table presents the main differences between qualitative and quantitative research methods:

The most popular qualitative methods of data collection and analysis in business studies are  interviews ,  focus groups ,  observation ,  case studies , games and role playing etc.

Popular quantitative methods of data collection and analysis, on the other hand, include  correlation analysis ,  regression analysis ,  mean, mode and median  and others.

6. Sampling

Sampling  is a principle that specifies the conditions and guides the process of selecting the members of population to participate in the study and to contribute as sources for primary data. The choice of sampling method determines the accuracy of research findings, reliability and validity of the study and has immense implications on the overall quality of the study.

You can read more about sampling  here .

7. Ethical Considerations

Regardless of your choice of research methods, you are obliged to address ethical aspects of writing a dissertation in a proactive manner. Here you have to state that you have avoided misconducts during that research process and your dissertation is free from contradictions on ethical grounds and this statement must be true.

You can read more about ethical considerations  here .

My e-book,  The Ultimate Guide to Writing a Dissertation in Business Studies: a step by step assistance  offers practical assistance to complete a dissertation with minimum or no stress. The e-book covers all stages of writing a dissertation starting from the selection to the research area to submitting the completed version of the work within the deadline. John Dudovskiy

Research Methods

Press Release

Marine biotechnology market by research methodology, by forecast 2028, the global research report marine biotechnology market size was valued at usd 4585.95 million in 2022.

The MarketWatch News Department was not involved in the creation of this content.

Mar 01, 2023 (The Expresswire) -- "Marine Biotechnology Market" report [102 Pages Report] is divided into types, applications, and geographic regions. To acquire a more thorough insight into the Marine Biotechnology market, these classes are further divided into segments. For the competitive landscape, the report also introduces players in the industry from the perspective of the market share, concentration ratio, etc., and describes the leading companies in detail. Further, mergers and acquisitions, emerging market trends, the impact of COVID-19, and regional conflicts will all be considered.

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Marine Biotechnology Market is thoroughly examined in the report, with a focus on the leading competitors and their business strategies, regional growth, market segmentation, competitive environment, manufacturing, pricing, and cost structures.Marine Biotechnology Market research report offers New Insight updates on Major Global Players, Revenue by Type ( Marine Animal Technolog, Marine Plant Technology, ), Forecasted Market Size by Application ( Foods, Nutraceuticals, Medicine, Cosmetics, Research Tools, Processing Technologies, New Energy Sources, Agriculture, Industrial, Food Safety ) Ask for Sample Report

Top Manufactures of the Marine Biotechnology market

Get a Sample Copy of the Marine Biotechnology Market Report 2023

Marine Biotechnology Market Report Overview:

The global Marine Biotechnology market size was valued at USD 4585.95 million in 2022 and is expected to expand at a CAGR of 4.17 Percent during the forecast period, reaching USD 5860.75 million by 2028.The report combines extensive quantitative analysis and exhaustive qualitative analysis, ranges from a macro overview of the total market size, industry chain, and market dynamics to micro details of segment markets by type, application and region, and, as a result, provides a holistic view of, as well as a deep insight into the Marine Biotechnology market covering all its essential aspects.

For the competitive landscape, the report also introduces players in the industry from the perspective of the market share, concentration ratio, etc., and describes the leading companies in detail, with which the readers can get a better idea of their competitors and acquire an in-depth understanding of the competitive situation. Further, mergers and acquisitions, emerging market trends, the impact of COVID-19, and regional conflicts will all be considered.

In a nutshell, this report is a must-read for industry players, investors, researchers, consultants, business strategists, and all those who have any kind of stake or are planning to foray into the market in any manner.

The report combines extensive quantitative analysis and exhaustive qualitative analysis, ranges from a macro overview of the total market size, industry chain, and market dynamics to micro details of segment markets by type, application and region, and, as a result, provides a holistic view of, as well as a deep insight into the Marine Biotechnology market covering all its essential aspects. In a nutshell, this report is a must-read for industry players, investors, researchers, consultants, business strategists, and all those who have any kind of stake or are planning to foray into the market in any manner.

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Marine Biotechnology Based on TYPE, the Marine Biotechnology market from 2023 to 2028 is primarily split into:

Based on applications, the Marine Biotechnology market from 2023 to 2028 covers:

COVID-19 AND RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR INFLUENCE ANALYSIS:

COVID-19 can have an impact on the world economy have been by directly altering market dynamics, by breaking the market supply chain, and by having an economic impact on businesses and financial markets. According to our researchers, who are keeping an eye on the situation around the world, the market will create profitable opportunities for producers after the COVID-19 crisis. The purpose of the report is to further illustrate how the current situation decline in the economy, and COVID-19's effects on the entire industry.

To Understand How COVID-19 Impact is Covered in This Report. Request a Sample copy of the report

Geographically , the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate, historical data and forecast (2018-2028) of the following regions are covered in Chapter 4 and Chapter 7:

Years considered for this report:

Historical Years: 2018-2022

Base Year: 2022

Estimated Year: 2023

Forecast Period: 2023-2028

Some of the key questions answered in this report:

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Detailed TOC of the Marine Biotechnology market:

1 Marine Biotechnology Market Overview 1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Marine Biotechnology Market 1.2 Marine Biotechnology Market Segment by Type 1.2.1 Global Marine Biotechnology Market Sales Volume and CAGR ( Percent) Comparison by Type (2018-2028) 1.3 Global Marine Biotechnology Market Segment by Application 1.3.1 Marine Biotechnology Market Consumption (Sales Volume) Comparison by Application (2018-2028) 1.4 Global Marine Biotechnology Market, Region Wise (2018-2028) 1.4.1 Global Marine Biotechnology Market Size (Revenue) and CAGR ( Percent) Comparison by Region (2018-2028) 1.4.2 United States Marine Biotechnology Market Status and Prospect (2018-2028) 1.4.3 Europe Marine Biotechnology Market Status and Prospect (2018-2028) 1.4.4 China Marine Biotechnology Market Status and Prospect (2018-2028) 1.4.5 Japan Marine Biotechnology Market Status and Prospect (2018-2028) 1.4.6 India Marine Biotechnology Market Status and Prospect (2018-2028) 1.4.7 Southeast Asia Marine Biotechnology Market Status and Prospect (2018-2028) 1.4.8 Latin America Marine Biotechnology Market Status and Prospect (2018-2028) 1.4.9 Middle East and Africa Marine Biotechnology Market Status and Prospect (2018-2028) 1.5 Global Market Size of Marine Biotechnology (2018-2028) 1.5.1 Global Marine Biotechnology Market Revenue Status and Outlook (2018-2028) 1.5.2 Global Marine Biotechnology Market Sales Volume Status and Outlook (2018-2028) 1.6 Global Macroeconomic Analysis 1.7 The impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on the Marine Biotechnology Market 2 Industry Outlook 2.1 Marine Biotechnology Industry Technology Status and Trends 2.2 Industry Entry Barriers 2.2.1 Analysis of Financial Barriers 2.2.2 Analysis of Technical Barriers 2.2.3 Analysis of Talent Barriers 2.2.4 Analysis of Brand Barrier 2.3 Marine Biotechnology Market Drivers Analysis 2.4 Marine Biotechnology Market Challenges Analysis 2.5 Emerging Market Trends 2.6 Consumer Preference Analysis 2.7 Marine Biotechnology Industry Development Trends under COVID-19 Outbreak 2.7.1 Global COVID-19 Status Overview 2.7.2 Influence of COVID-19 Outbreak on Marine Biotechnology Industry Development 3 Global Marine Biotechnology Market Landscape by Player 3.1 Global Marine Biotechnology Sales Volume and Share by Player (2018-2023) 3.2 Global Marine Biotechnology Revenue and Market Share by Player (2018-2023) 3.3 Global Marine Biotechnology Average Price by Player (2018-2023) 3.4 Global Marine Biotechnology Gross Margin by Player (2018-2023) 3.5 Marine Biotechnology Market Competitive Situation and Trends 3.5.1 Marine Biotechnology Market Concentration Rate 3.5.2 Marine Biotechnology Market Share of Top 3 and Top 6 Players 3.5.3 Mergers and Acquisitions, Expansion 4 Global Marine Biotechnology Sales Volume and Revenue Region Wise (2018-2023) 4.1 Global Marine Biotechnology Sales Volume and Market Share, Region Wise (2018-2023) 4.2 Global Marine Biotechnology Revenue and Market Share, Region Wise (2018-2023) 4.3 Global Marine Biotechnology Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023) 4.4 United States Marine Biotechnology Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023) 4.4.1 United States Marine Biotechnology Market Under COVID-19 4.5 Europe Marine Biotechnology Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023) 4.5.1 Europe Marine Biotechnology Market Under COVID-19 4.6 China Marine Biotechnology Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023) 4.6.1 China Marine Biotechnology Market Under COVID-19 4.7 Japan Marine Biotechnology Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023) 4.7.1 Japan Marine Biotechnology Market Under COVID-19 4.8 India Marine Biotechnology Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023) 4.8.1 India Marine Biotechnology Market Under COVID-19 4.9 Southeast Asia Marine Biotechnology Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023) 4.9.1 Southeast Asia Marine Biotechnology Market Under COVID-19 4.10 Latin America Marine Biotechnology Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023) 4.10.1 Latin America Marine Biotechnology Market Under COVID-19 4.11 Middle East and Africa Marine Biotechnology Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023) 4.11.1 Middle East and Africa Marine Biotechnology Market Under COVID-19 5 Global Marine Biotechnology Sales Volume, Revenue, Price Trend by Type 5.1 Global Marine Biotechnology Sales Volume and Market Share by Type (2018-2023) 5.2 Global Marine Biotechnology Revenue and Market Share by Type (2018-2023) 5.3 Global Marine Biotechnology Price by Type (2018-2023) 5.4 Global Marine Biotechnology Sales Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate by Type (2018-2023) 5.4.1 Global Marine Biotechnology Sales Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate of Marine Animal Technolog (2018-2023) 5.4.2 Global Marine Biotechnology Sales Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate of Marine Plant Technology (2018-2023) 6 Global Marine Biotechnology Market Analysis by Application 6.1 Global Marine Biotechnology Consumption and Market Share by Application (2018-2023) 6.2 Global Marine Biotechnology Consumption Revenue and Market Share by Application (2018-2023) 6.3 Global Marine Biotechnology Consumption and Growth Rate by Application (2018-2023) 6.3.1 Global Marine Biotechnology Consumption and Growth Rate of Foods (2018-2023) 6.3.2 Global Marine Biotechnology Consumption and Growth Rate of Nutraceuticals (2018-2023) 6.3.3 Global Marine Biotechnology Consumption and Growth Rate of Medicine (2018-2023) 6.3.4 Global Marine Biotechnology Consumption and Growth Rate of Cosmetics (2018-2023) 6.3.5 Global Marine Biotechnology Consumption and Growth Rate of Research Tools (2018-2023) 6.3.6 Global Marine Biotechnology Consumption and Growth Rate of Processing Technologies (2018-2023) 6.3.7 Global Marine Biotechnology Consumption and Growth Rate of New Energy Sources (2018-2023) 6.3.8 Global Marine Biotechnology Consumption and Growth Rate of Agriculture (2018-2023) 6.3.9 Global Marine Biotechnology Consumption and Growth Rate of Industrial (2018-2023) 6.3.10 Global Marine Biotechnology Consumption and Growth Rate of Food Safety (2018-2023) 7 Global Marine Biotechnology Market Forecast (2023-2028) 7.1 Global Marine Biotechnology Sales Volume, Revenue Forecast (2023-2028) 7.1.1 Global Marine Biotechnology Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028) 7.1.2 Global Marine Biotechnology Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028) 7.1.3 Global Marine Biotechnology Price and Trend Forecast (2023-2028) 7.2 Global Marine Biotechnology Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast, Region Wise (2023-2028) 7.2.1 United States Marine Biotechnology Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2023-2028) 7.2.2 Europe Marine Biotechnology Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2023-2028) 7.2.3 China Marine Biotechnology Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2023-2028) 7.2.4 Japan Marine Biotechnology Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2023-2028) 7.2.5 India Marine Biotechnology Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2023-2028) 7.2.6 Southeast Asia Marine Biotechnology Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2023-2028) 7.2.7 Latin America Marine Biotechnology Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2023-2028) 7.2.8 Middle East and Africa Marine Biotechnology Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2023-2028) 7.3 Global Marine Biotechnology Sales Volume, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028) 7.3.1 Global Marine Biotechnology Revenue and Growth Rate of Marine Animal Technolog (2023-2028) 7.3.2 Global Marine Biotechnology Revenue and Growth Rate of Marine Plant Technology (2023-2028) 7.4 Global Marine Biotechnology Consumption Forecast by Application (2023-2028) 7.4.1 Global Marine Biotechnology Consumption Value and Growth Rate of Foods(2023-2028) 7.4.2 Global Marine Biotechnology Consumption Value and Growth Rate of Nutraceuticals(2023-2028) 7.4.3 Global Marine Biotechnology Consumption Value and Growth Rate of Medicine(2023-2028) 7.4.4 Global Marine Biotechnology Consumption Value and Growth Rate of Cosmetics(2023-2028) 7.4.5 Global Marine Biotechnology Consumption Value and Growth Rate of Research Tools(2023-2028) 7.4.6 Global Marine Biotechnology Consumption Value and Growth Rate of Processing Technologies(2023-2028) 7.4.7 Global Marine Biotechnology Consumption Value and Growth Rate of New Energy Sources(2023-2028) 7.4.8 Global Marine Biotechnology Consumption Value and Growth Rate of Agriculture(2023-2028) 7.4.9 Global Marine Biotechnology Consumption Value and Growth Rate of Industrial(2023-2028) 7.4.10 Global Marine Biotechnology Consumption Value and Growth Rate of Food Safety(2023-2028) 7.5 Marine Biotechnology Market Forecast Under COVID-19 8 Marine Biotechnology Market Upstream and Downstream Analysis 8.1 Marine Biotechnology Industrial Chain Analysis 8.2 Key Raw Materials Suppliers and Price Analysis 8.3 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis 8.3.1 Labor Cost Analysis 8.3.2 Energy Costs Analysis 8.3.3 RandD Costs Analysis 8.4 Alternative Product Analysis 8.5 Major Distributors of Marine Biotechnology Analysis 8.6 Major Downstream Buyers of Marine Biotechnology Analysis 8.7 Impact of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine war on the Upstream and Downstream in the Marine Biotechnology Industry 9 Players Profiles 9.1 PharmaMar S.A (Spain) 9.1.1 PharmaMar S.A (Spain) Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors 9.1.2 Marine Biotechnology Product Profiles, Application and Specification 9.1.3 PharmaMar S.A (Spain) Market Performance (2018-2023) 9.1.4 Recent Development 9.1.5 SWOT Analysis 9.2 New England Biolabs Inc (US) 9.2.1 New England Biolabs Inc (US) Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors 9.2.2 Marine Biotechnology Product Profiles, Application and Specification 9.2.3 New England Biolabs Inc (US) Market Performance (2018-2023) 9.2.4 Recent Development 9.2.5 SWOT Analysis 9.3 PML Applications Ltd. (UK) 9.3.1 PML Applications Ltd. (UK) Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors 9.3.2 Marine Biotechnology Product Profiles, Application and Specification 9.3.3 PML Applications Ltd. (UK) Market Performance (2018-2023) 9.3.4 Recent Development 9.3.5 SWOT Analysis 9.4 FMC Health and Nutrition (US) 9.4.1 FMC Health and Nutrition (US) Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors 9.4.2 Marine Biotechnology Product Profiles, Application and Specification 9.4.3 FMC Health and Nutrition (US) Market Performance (2018-2023) 9.4.4 Recent Development 9.4.5 SWOT Analysis 9.5 NovaMatrix (Norway) 9.5.1 NovaMatrix (Norway) Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors 9.5.2 Marine Biotechnology Product Profiles, Application and Specification 9.5.3 NovaMatrix (Norway) Market Performance (2018-2023) 9.5.4 Recent Development 9.5.5 SWOT Analysis 9.6 CP Kelco (US) 9.6.1 CP Kelco (US) Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors 9.6.2 Marine Biotechnology Product Profiles, Application and Specification 9.6.3 CP Kelco (US) Market Performance (2018-2023) 9.6.4 Recent Development 9.6.5 SWOT Analysis 9.7 Royal DSM N.V (Netherlands) 9.7.1 Royal DSM N.V (Netherlands) Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors 9.7.2 Marine Biotechnology Product Profiles, Application and Specification 9.7.3 Royal DSM N.V (Netherlands) Market Performance (2018-2023) 9.7.4 Recent Development 9.7.5 SWOT Analysis 9.8 Lonza Group Ltd. (Switzerland) 9.8.1 Lonza Group Ltd. (Switzerland) Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors 9.8.2 Marine Biotechnology Product Profiles, Application and Specification 9.8.3 Lonza Group Ltd. (Switzerland) Market Performance (2018-2023) 9.8.4 Recent Development 9.8.5 SWOT Analysis 9.9 Marinova Pty Ltd (Australia) 9.9.1 Marinova Pty Ltd (Australia) Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors 9.9.2 Marine Biotechnology Product Profiles, Application and Specification 9.9.3 Marinova Pty Ltd (Australia) Market Performance (2018-2023) 9.9.4 Recent Development 9.9.5 SWOT Analysis 9.10 GlycoMar Ltd. (UK) 9.10.1 GlycoMar Ltd. (UK) Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors 9.10.2 Marine Biotechnology Product Profiles, Application and Specification 9.10.3 GlycoMar Ltd. (UK) Market Performance (2018-2023) 9.10.4 Recent Development 9.10.5 SWOT Analysis 9.11 Nutrex Hawaii (US) 9.11.1 Nutrex Hawaii (US) Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors 9.11.2 Marine Biotechnology Product Profiles, Application and Specification 9.11.3 Nutrex Hawaii (US) Market Performance (2018-2023) 9.11.4 Recent Development 9.11.5 SWOT Analysis 9.12 Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc (Ireland) 9.12.1 Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc (Ireland) Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors 9.12.2 Marine Biotechnology Product Profiles, Application and Specification 9.12.3 Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc (Ireland) Market Performance (2018-2023) 9.12.4 Recent Development 9.12.5 SWOT Analysis 9.13 OceanBASIS GmbH (Germany) 9.13.1 OceanBASIS GmbH (Germany) Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors 9.13.2 Marine Biotechnology Product Profiles, Application and Specification 9.13.3 OceanBASIS GmbH (Germany) Market Performance (2018-2023) 9.13.4 Recent Development 9.13.5 SWOT Analysis 9.14 Cyanotech Corp. (US) 9.14.1 Cyanotech Corp. (US) Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors 9.14.2 Marine Biotechnology Product Profiles, Application and Specification 9.14.3 Cyanotech Corp. (US) Market Performance (2018-2023) 9.14.4 Recent Development 9.14.5 SWOT Analysis 9.15 Prolume Ltd (US) 9.15.1 Prolume Ltd (US) Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors 9.15.2 Marine Biotechnology Product Profiles, Application and Specification 9.15.3 Prolume Ltd (US) Market Performance (2018-2023) 9.15.4 Recent Development 9.15.5 SWOT Analysis 9.16 BASF SE (Germany) 9.16.1 BASF SE (Germany) Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors 9.16.2 Marine Biotechnology Product Profiles, Application and Specification 9.16.3 BASF SE (Germany) Market Performance (2018-2023) 9.16.4 Recent Development 9.16.5 SWOT Analysis 9.17 BioLume(r), Inc. (US) 9.17.1 BioLume(r), Inc. (US) Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors 9.17.2 Marine Biotechnology Product Profiles, Application and Specification 9.17.3 BioLume(r), Inc. (US) Market Performance (2018-2023) 9.17.4 Recent Development 9.17.5 SWOT Analysis 10 Research Findings and Conclusion 11 Appendix 11.1 Methodology 11.2 Research Data Source  

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  1. What Is a Research Methodology?

    How to write a research methodology Why is a methods section important? Step 1: Explain your methodological approach Step 2: Describe your data collection methods Step 3: Describe your analysis method Step 4: Evaluate and justify the methodological choices you made Tips for writing a strong methodology chapter

  2. Research Methods

    Research methods are specific procedures for collecting and analyzing data. Developing your research methods is an integral part of your research design. When planning your methods, there are two key decisions you will make. First, decide how you will collect data. Your methods depend on what type of data you need to answer your research question:

  3. How to Write Research Methodology: Overview, Tips, and Techniques

    Methodology in research is defined as the systematic method to resolve a research problem through data gathering using various techniques, providing an interpretation of data gathered and drawing conclusions about the research data. Essentially, a research methodology is the blueprint of a research or study (Murthy & Bhojanna, 2009, p. 32).

  4. What Is Research Methodology? Definition + Examples

    Popular data analysis methods in qualitative research include: Qualitative content analysis Thematic analysis Discourse analysis Narrative analysis Grounded theory IPA Qualitative data analysis all begins with data coding, after which one (or more) analysis technique is applied. Popular data analysis methods in quantitative research include:

  5. How To Write The Methodology Chapter

    Your methodology chapter is where you highlight the philosophical underpinnings of your research and outline the specific research design choices you've made. The point of the methodology chapter is to tell the reader exactly how you designed your research and to justify your design choices.

  6. Research Report

    The methodology is the process used to gather and analyze data for a research project. There are many different types of methodology, and each has its own strengths and weaknesses. The most important thing to remember when choosing a methodology is that it should be fit for the specific research question you are trying to answer. Results

  7. How To Write a Methodology (With Tips and FAQs)

    Methodology is the overall strategy of your research. Methods are procedures like surveys and experiments that you use to collect and analyze your data. Where does methodology go? In your final paper or report, the methodology section follows your introduction and precedes your results and conclusions.

  8. PDF Methodology Section for Research Papers

    The methodology section of your paper describeshow your research was conducted. This information allows readers to check whether your approach is accurate and dependable. A good methodology can help increase the reader's trust in your findings. First, we will define and differentiate quantitative and qualitative research. Then, for each of ...

  9. Examples of Methodology in Research Papers (With Definition)

    What is a methodology in a research paper? In a research paper, thesis, or dissertation, the methodology section describes the steps you took to investigate and research a hypothesis and your rationale for the specific processes and techniques used to identify, collect, and analyze data.

  10. Methodology section in a report

    Method/Methodology The method section of a report details how the research was conducted, the research methods used and the reasons for choosing those methods. It should outline: the participants and research methods used, e.g. surveys/questionnaire, interviews refer to other relevant studies.

  11. (PDF) Research Methodology & Analysis Report

    Abstract This report is a look at the research methodology of the steps and practices required in gathering the required and supporting information for this research. Included in this...

  12. Methodology in a Research Paper: Definition and Example

    The methodology section of your research paper allows readers to evaluate the overall validity and reliability of your study and gives important insight into two key elements of your research: your data collection and analysis processes and your rationale for conducting your research.

  13. How to Write Research Methodology: 13 Steps (with Pictures)

    An effective research methodology is grounded in your overall approach - whether qualitative or quantitative - and adequately describes the methods you used. Justify why you chose those methods over others, then explain how those methods will provide answers to your research questions. [1] Part 1 Describing Your Methods 1

  14. Research Reports: Definition and How to Write Them

    Research Reports: Definition. Research reports are recorded data prepared by researchers or statisticians after analyzing information gathered by conducting organized research, typically in the form of surveys or qualitative methods. Reports usually are spread across a vast horizon of topics but are focused on communicating information about a ...

  15. (PDF) Research Methodology WRITING A RESEARCH REPORT

    A research report is a publication that reports on the findings of a research project or alternatively scientific observations on or about a subject.Normally the research assignments like...

  16. 6. The Methodology

    The methodology should discuss the problems that were anticipated and the steps you took to prevent them from occurring. For any problems that do arise, you must describe the ways in which they were minimized or why these problems do not impact in any meaningful way your interpretation of the findings.

  17. How to Write a Research Methodology for a Research Paper

    A research methodology is the blueprint of a study that provides an interpretation of the data gathered. Then draw a conclusion about it. Researchers use various techniques to answer their research questions, such as qualitative, quantitative, lab experiments, etc. The main purpose of the research methodology is to:

  18. A Comprehensive Guide to Research Methodology

    The research methodology is a part of your research paper that describes your research process in detail. It would help if you always tried to make the section of the research methodology enjoyable. As you describe the procedure that has already been completed, you need to write it in the past tense. Your research methodology should explain:

  19. PDF Research Methodology

    Research Methodology The study of conducting research is Research Methodology. Research: The word research is composed of two syllables "Re" and "Search". "Re" is the prefix meaning 'Again or over again or a new' and "Search" is the latter meaning 'to examine closely and carefully' or 'to test and try'.

  20. Research Methods

    Research methods is a broad term. While methods of data collection and data analysis represent the core of research methods, you have to address a range of additional elements within the scope of your research. The most important elements of research methodology expected to be covered in business dissertation at Bachelor's, Master's and PhD levels include research philosophy, types of ...

  21. Marine Biotechnology Market by Research Methodology, by Forecast 2028

    Marine Biotechnology Market Report Overview: The global Marine Biotechnology market size was valued at USD 4585.95 million in 2022 and is expected to expand at a CAGR of 4.17 Percent during the ...

  22. Input Method Editor Software Market Research Report by Manufacturers

    Input Method Editor Software Market Information: New York, United States: Input Method Editor Software market report is an expert's study that focuses mostly on businesses, categories ...