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How To Write A Job Application Letter (With Examples)

• Best Business Salutations
• Letter of Introduction
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• Job Application Letter
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While applying to jobs, you might be asked to provide a job application letter (sometimes referred to as a cover letter) along with your resume. A resume outlines your professional skills and experience, and a job application letter explains why you are an ideal candidate for the position you’re applying to.

You can think of this as a strictly formatted professional letter that gives hiring managers a sense of your individual qualities prior to a job interview.

This article outlines the essential details and formatting for a job application letter. You’ll learn how to write a concise and engaging letter that will increase your chances of being selected for an interview.

Key Takeaways:

A job application letter can also be known as a cover letter. It is a way to introduce how your skills and experience are a good match for the job.

A job application letter should have your contact information, employer contact information, and a salutation,

A job application application letter should have an introductory paragraph, middle paragraphs that explain your qualifications, and a closing paragraph.

Use specific experiences with quantifiable results to show how your skills were successfully put into action.

Make sure to do your research and edit your letter before submitting.

Tips for writing a job application letter

Job application letter format, what’s the difference between a cover letter and a job application letter, dos and don’ts for writing a job application letter.

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If you’ve ever asked for advice on the job application process, you’ve likely heard the phrase “sell yourself” a million times over. This means that you should highlight your skills and achievements in a way that will pique a hiring manager ’s interest and make them pause over your application.

You might feel overwhelmed in the grand scheme of online applications, application/ cover letters , letters of intent , and interviews. It’s a lot to balance, especially if you have no experience with any of the things listed.

Remember to take everything one step at a time and review some helpful tips for writing a polished and engaging job application letter:

Tailor the application letter to each job. Your letter should address key points in the job description from the listing, as well as how you can apply your knowledge and experience to the position. You want to emphasize why you are the best candidate for this specific job.

Don’t copy information straight from your resume. Your resume is meant to act as a formal record of your professional experience, education, and accomplishments. The job application letter is where you highlight a few particular details from your resume, and use them to demonstrate how your experience can apply to the job.

Follow the business letter format. These letters have very strict formatting rules, to ensure that they appear as professional to hiring managers. A poorly formatted letter could prevent employers from taking your application seriously.

Proofread. Hiring managers will definitely overlook letters riddled with proofreading mistakes. Read your letter several times over to fix any grammar, punctuation, or spelling errors. You could ask someone else to look over it afterwards or run it through any number of online grammar check programs.

Decide on printing and mailing your letter or sending it in an email. An application letter sent through email requires a subject line that details your purpose for writing— consider “[job title], [your name].” The placement of your contact information is also different depending on the medium . In a hard copy, this goes at the top of your letter, as a header. In an email, it goes below your signature.

The following formatting information can be used as a guideline while drafting your own job application letter, with an example for both a printed/mailed letter and a letter sent through email.

Your contact information

Name Address City, State Zip Code Phone Number Email Address

Employer contact information

First paragraph

Middle paragraphs

This section should be about one to three paragraphs, discussing your various qualifications for the job. This is where you really emphasize what you could bring to the company and how you might fit into the work environment. It might be necessary to do some additional research about the company, to lend more specificity to your letter.

Final paragraph

Ending a cover letter might be a challenge, as you try to wrap up all the details about why you’re the most well-qualified employee on the planet. Let that confidence carry over into your concluding paragraph.

Sincerely/Best,

Job application letter example – printed and mailed

Robin Gomez 37 Southwest Avenue Gainesville, FL 12345 365-123-4567 [email protected] October 20, 2020 Ms. Martha Waters Hiring Manager Blue Swamp Publishing 27 Archer Street Gainesville, FL 67890 Dear Ms. Waters, My resume is attached in response to your advertisement for an editorial assistant . The job description aligns with my interest in editing short fiction, and I believe my experience and skills match what you’re looking for. This past year, I interned with the Editing, Design and Production department at Gator University Press. Over the course of two semesters, I interacted with academic texts at various stages before publication. I’m comfortable proofreading and copyediting manuscripts, as well as adding typesetting codes in Microsoft Word. I have also previously worked on the staff of Writers Student Literary Magazine in Jacksonville, FL , as the Fiction and Website Editor, as well as the head of the Proofreading Team. I played a significant role in the publication of six issues of the magazine, across a two year period (including print and online editions). My qualifications beyond this include experience in team-oriented settings and proficiency in creative and academic writing. I would love the opportunity to speak with you about how I can further contribute to Blue Swamp Publishing! Please feel free to contact me on my cell at 365-123-4567 if you have questions or to set up an interview. Sincerely, Robin Gomez

Job application letter example – emailed

Subject Line: Victoria Caruso – Public Relations Assistant Dear Ms. Janet Wang, I was excited when my colleague Rachel Smith told me that you were looking for a public relations assistant with a background in graphic design. She suggested that I reach out to you about the position, since I believe that my experience aligns well with what you are seeking at Trademark Agency. I worked alongside Rachel as a brand ambassador at a small graphic design company for three years, where I excelled in project management, strategy development, and client communication. This past spring, I played a significant role in designing the website for an up-and-coming multicultural women’s organization and publicizing their first few public events. Along with my experience and personal qualities, I prioritize: Expanding company recognition and designing unique brand details Managing media, press, and public relations issues for companies Developing company communication strategies Please see my attached resume for additional details about my career achievements. I hope to learn more about Trademark Agency’s goals for the coming year. You can contact me on my cell at 319-333-3333 or via email at [email protected]. Sincerely, Victoria Caruso 15th Avenue N Iowa City, Iowa 52240 319-333-3333 [email protected]

A cover letter normally is attached with a resume for a specific job opening, whereas a job application letter can be submitted independently. As already stated, a job application letter can also be known as a cover letter. Format wise, there are a lot of similarities.

However, a job application letter can also be more detailed than a cover a letter. Usually a cover letter acts a quick introduction to a resume when a candidate applies for a specific job opening.

Meanwhile, you can submit a job application letter to a company even if there are no job openings. In this case, you would provide more detail about yourself and your qualifications. Due to this, job application letters tend to be a little longer than the average cover letter.

Now that we’ve gone through the basic formatting for a job application letter and a few examples of what one might look like, how can we condense all that information into digestible pieces?

Refer to these lists of “dos” and “don’ts” to help you through your drafting process:

Explain what you can bring to the company. Consider: how is your experience relevant to what the hiring manager is looking for?

Discuss your skills. Pick out a few skills listed in your resume and describe how you have utilized them in the workplace.

Give specific examples to support your experience. Is there a major project you worked on at your last job ? Did you accomplish something significant in your previous position? Including examples of these things in your letter will add new, specific content to your application and make you more interesting.

Edit your letter thoroughly. Read your letter a couple times, pass it off to someone to look over, run it through an online grammar check. Make sure it’s free of any errors.

Don’t focus on what the job can do for you. While it might seem nice to write that a job is your dream job or that you’ve always wanted to work with a company, it can read as vague flattery. Remember, this letter is about your qualifications.

Don’t list your current or previous job description. Your education and work experience certainly have value, but don’t just list your degrees and places you’ve worked at. Explained what you learned from those experiences and how they’ve made you a strong employee.

Don’t paste directly from your resume. A job application letter is meant to add to your value as a candidate, not just reiterate the same information repeatedly. Use your resume as a guide , but expand on especially relevant details.

Don’t submit an unedited letter. Before an employer ever meets you, they see your application and your job application letter. You don’t want grammar errors and misspelled words to make a bad first impression, so make sure to edit your draft multiple times.

Armed with these tips, guidelines, and examples, you’ll be able to draft your job application letter more confidently and send them off to potential employers knowing that you’re one step closer to employment.

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Chris Kolmar is a co-founder of Zippia and the editor-in-chief of the Zippia career advice blog. He has hired over 50 people in his career, been hired five times, and wants to help you land your next job. His research has been featured on the New York Times, Thrillist, VOX, The Atlantic, and a host of local news. More recently, he's been quoted on USA Today, BusinessInsider, and CNBC.

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How to Write an Effective Application Letter (Examples)

By Status.net Editorial Team on November 15, 2023 — 9 minutes to read

Your application letter should be a clear reflection of you, your skills, and your aspirations. It’s essential to tailor it to the specific job you’re applying for and showcase how you meet the requirements. Stay with us as we walk you through the tips, tricks, and best practices to make your letter shine. By the end, you’ll have the knowledge and confidence to navigate the job application process with ease.

Step 1. Introduction: Expressing Interest

The opening line.

Your opening line should grab the reader’s attention, briefly introduce yourself, and express your interest in the position. This is your opportunity to make an excellent first impression, so keep it clear and concise. For example, you could start with:

“As an experienced marketing professional, I was thrilled to see the opportunity for a Marketing Manager position at X Company.”

Revealing the Source of Information

Next, it’s important to mention where you found out about the job opening. This helps recruiters understand where their outreach efforts are effective and demonstrates that you’ve done your homework. Reference the specific platform, such as a job board or company website, or mention the person who referred you to the position. Here are a couple of examples:

“I came across this position on LinkedIn and believe my skillset aligns perfectly with the job requirements.” or

“Jane Brown, the Sales Director at your company, suggested I apply for this role, as she believes my experience in customer service is a great fit for the team.”

Step 2. Body: Detailing Qualifications

Pitching your skills.

When writing an application letter, it’s essential to showcase your skills. Start by listing the most relevant ones based on the job description. Be specific and mention how you’ve used these skills in previous projects or work settings. For example:

“As a project manager, I have successfully managed teams of up to 20 members, ensuring timely delivery of projects while maintaining a high level of quality.”

Use bullet points or bold text to make your skills stand out. This way, the reader gets a clear picture of your capabilities.

Referencing Your Experience

After listing your skills, provide details about your work experience. Start with the most recent position and include the name of the company, your job title, and the duration of employment. Focus on the responsibilities that match the job opening. For instance:

“During my tenure at X Corp as a marketing executive, I was responsible for coordinating marketing campaigns, managing social media channels, and conducting market research.”

Don’t forget to mention any relevant internships or volunteer work. This information will help paint a complete picture of your expertise.

Demonstrating Your Achievement

Lastly, highlight your accomplishments and show the potential employer why you’re a perfect fit. Use concrete examples and mention any quantifiable results you’ve achieved. For example:

“At ABC Inc., I initiated a cost-reduction program that saved the company $50,000 within six months.”

You can also mention any awards or recognitions you’ve received for outstanding work. This demonstrates that your contributions have been valued and recognized by others.

Step 3. Concluding Your Letter

Seeking further communication.

By the time you reach the end of your application letter, it’s important to express your desire for further communication with the potential employer. This shows that you’re genuinely interested in the opportunity and eager to continue the conversation. Example:

“I am excited about the prospect of contributing to your company’s goals, and I would appreciate the opportunity to discuss this further with you. Please don’t hesitate to contact me at your earliest convenience. Thank you for considering my application.”

Final Goodbye

After expressing your eagerness, close your letter with a polite and professional farewell, addressing the recipient by name where possible. This is not only courteous, but it also leaves a positive and lasting impression. Example:

“ I look forward to your response and the possibility of working together. Once again, thank you for your time and consideration. Sincerely, [Your Name]”

Proper Letter Ending

The complimentary close.

Start by choosing an appropriate complimentary close for your application letter. This part signifies the end of the main content and should leave a professional impression. Some common examples are “Sincerely,” “Best regards,” or “Yours faithfully.” Keep in mind that it’s best to stay formal, so avoid using casual phrases like “Cheers” or “Take care.”

After the complimentary close, press enter twice to leave a space for your signature. This space provides room for your actual signature if you’re submitting a physical letter. If you’re submitting electronically, this space can act as a visual cue that your letter has reached its end.

While signing an application letter, be sure to include your typed full name. Don’t forget to include your relevant contact information, such as your email address or phone number. This will make it easy for the recipient to get in touch with you if they have any questions or require additional information.

Here’s an example of a proper letter ending for your application letter:

[Space for physical signature, if applicable] Your Full Name [email protected] +1-234-567-8901

Post-Writing: Proofreading and Correcting

After writing your application letter, it’s essential to proofread and correct any errors or inconsistencies. This process will help ensure that you submit a polished and professional document that impresses potential employers.

Correcting Grammar and Punctuation

First, focus on your grammar and punctuation. A well-written letter that follows proper grammar rules is more likely to capture the reader’s attention and convey your message effectively.

• As you’re reading through your letter, keep an eye out for missing or misplaced commas, semicolons, and other punctuation marks.
• Check for sentence fragments or run-on sentences that make your message unclear.
• Look for subject-verb agreement issues, as well as any awkward phrasing or wordiness.
• Ensure consistency in tense and voice throughout the letter.

Checking for Spelling Mistakes

Your next step should be checking for spelling mistakes. Misspelled words can distract the reader and make your application appear less polished.

• Run your text through a spellchecker; most word processing programs have this feature built-in.
• Take the time to read through your letter carefully, word-by-word, to catch any errors the spellchecker may have missed.
• Double-check the spelling of names, addresses, and other specific information to make sure they’re correct.

Examples of Successful Application Letters

When writing an application letter, it’s essential to tailor it to the specific job posting . Check out these examples to help you create a winning letter for different scenarios.

Dear [Hiring Manager],

I’m excited to apply for the Sales Representative position at [Company Name]. With my proven sales record and strong interpersonal skills, I believe I would be a valuable asset to your team.

In my previous role at [Previous Company], I consistently exceeded sales targets and established strong relationships with clients. I’m confident that my experience and passion for sales will contribute to the ongoing success of [Company Name].

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to discussing my qualifications and how I can contribute to the growth of [Company Name].

Sincerely, [Your Name]

As a creative and skilled Graphic Designer, I am thrilled to apply for the position at [Company Name]. My expertise in Adobe Creative Suite and concept development aligns with the requirements laid out in the job posting.

In my previous role at [Previous Company], I created visually appealing and engaging content for various marketing campaigns. My designs helped increase brand recognition and lead to a 20% increase in social media engagement. I am eager to use my talents and contribute to the visual identity of [Company Name].

I look forward to the opportunity to discuss my skills and portfolio with you. Thank you for considering my application.

Best regards, [Your Name]

As an experienced Office Manager with a strong background in time management and organization, I am eager to apply for the position at [Company Name]. Your commitment to efficiency and supporting your employees is in line with my work values.

During my tenure at [Previous Company], I streamlined scheduling and developed procedures that led to a 30% reduction in office expenses. My proactive approach to problem-solving and ability to create a productive work environment contribute to my effectiveness as an Office Manager.

I am enthusiastic about the opportunity to contribute to the success of [Company Name] by enhancing office operations. Thank you for considering my application.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the key components of an application letter.

An application letter should include the following key components:

• Contact information: Start by writing your name, address, phone number, and email address.
• Salutation: Address the recipient professionally, using their name when possible.
• Opening paragraph: Introduce yourself and state the position you’re applying for.
• Body paragraphs: Highlight your relevant skills, experience, and accomplishments.
• Closing paragraph: Reiterate your interest in the position, provide your contact information, and thank the reader for considering your application.
• Sign-off: Use a polite closing, such as “Sincerely” or “Best regards,” followed by your name.

Can you provide a step-by-step guide on writing a cover letter?

• Review the job posting and research the company to understand their needs and values.
• Write your contact information at the top of the letter.
• Use a professional salutation and address the recipient by name, if possible.
• Craft an engaging opening paragraph that states the position you’re applying for and how you learned about it.
• Write body paragraphs that showcase your relevant skills, experience, and accomplishments, drawing connections to the requirements mentioned in the job posting.
• In the closing paragraph, restate your interest in the position and thank the reader for their time.
• Sign off with a polite closing and your name, followed by your phone number and email address.

What are some tips for writing an effective application letter?

To write an effective application letter:

• Tailor the content: Focus on the skills and experiences that are most relevant to the specific job posting.
• Use strong action words: Highlight your achievements using action verbs, such as “managed,” “achieved,” or “developed.”
• Proofread for errors: Thoroughly check your letter for spelling and grammatical errors before sending.
• Maintain a professional tone: Write your letter with a confident and respectful tone, avoiding slang or overly casual language.

How do you customize your cover letter for different job positions?

Make sure to modify your application letter to suit the specific job and company you’re applying to. Analyze the job posting to understand the key requirements and skills the employer is looking for. Emphasize how your experiences and abilities address these needs. Research the company to understand their values and culture, and incorporate that knowledge into your letter to show you would be a good fit for their organization.

What are some common cover letter mistakes to avoid?

Some common mistakes to avoid in cover letters include:

• Not customizing your letter for each job or company
• Focusing too much on yourself and not on the needs of the employer
• Including too much information or making the letter too long
• Repeating your resume verbatim without providing more context
• Failing to proofread for spelling and grammatical errors

How can I make my application letter stand out from the competition?

To make your application letter stand out:

• Use a compelling opening to grab the reader’s attention.
• Show enthusiasm for the position and the company.
• Make sure your letter is well-organized and visually appealing, with a professional font and layout.
• Tailor your letter to the specific job and company, focusing on the most relevant skills and experiences.
• Offer examples of your achievements to demonstrate your ability to succeed in the role.
• Proofread your letter to ensure it is error-free and polished.
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How to Write an Application Letter

Last Updated: June 29, 2023 Fact Checked

This article was co-authored by Alexander Ruiz, M.Ed. . Alexander Ruiz is an Educational Consultant and the Educational Director of Link Educational Institute, a tutoring business based in Claremont, California that provides customizable educational plans, subject and test prep tutoring, and college application consulting. With over a decade and a half of experience in the education industry, Alexander coaches students to increase their self-awareness and emotional intelligence while achieving skills and the goal of achieving skills and higher education. He holds a BA in Psychology from Florida International University and an MA in Education from Georgia Southern University. There are 7 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 164,320 times.

Application letters are typically written to accompany school or job applications. The purpose of the letter is to introduce yourself to the decision committee, and to outline your qualifications in a specific way. It can be the only time other than an interview that you have a chance to really stand out in an application, so it's important to get it right. You can learn what to include in your letter, how to style it, and how to format it to give yourself the best chance.

Application Letter Templates

Writing a Job Application

• A good example would be: "I'm writing to apply for the Chimney Sweep position advertised in Rolling Stone. I think my experience in the heating industry makes me uniquely qualified for this position. Please find my application materials and a brief description of my qualifications below."
• Don't write your name until the signature. It'll be in the header and in the sign-off, so there's no reason to put it in the body of the letter itself.

• Be specific. Who are you? Where do you come from? What's your story? These details are important. HR screeners read hundreds of these.
• Describe your ambitions. Where do you want to go? How will this opportunity help you get there?
• What skills and experiences make you the right fit? Be as specific as possible and avoid vague language. It's better to describe a time you solved a specific problem at your last job than to just write, "I'm a good problem solver at work."

• Tailor it to the business. If you're applying to work at a record store, you need to talk about music. If you're applying to work at a tech company that writes, "Tell us something totally rad about yourself!" it's probably ok to be a little more informal.

• Don't over-promise. Telling someone that you can guarantee that you'll be able to turn around their sales figures in six months or less is a good way to get fired in six months.

• Any kind of job requires this type of research. If you apply to a restaurant, you need to be familiar with the menu and the kind of customers the restaurant attracts. Consider eating there a few times before you apply.
• Don't show you're familiar by criticizing a business and telling them what you can do better. Not the time to offer a harsh criticism of a business plan that you don't really know anything about.

Writing a School Application

• Common prompts include things like, "Outline your qualifications for this position" or "In writing, explain how this position would affect your career goals." Sometimes, the prompt will be as short as, "Tell us something interesting about yourself."
• If there is no prompt, but you still feel the need to introduce your application with a letter, it's usually best to keep it as short as possible. Explain what you're applying for, why you're applying, and thank the contact for their consideration. That's it.

• Often, college prompts will ask you to describe a time you struggled, or a time you overcame some obstacle. Write about something unique, a time that you actually failed and dealt with the consequences.
• The board will get thousands–literally, thousands–of letters about someone's first mission trip, and letters about the time someone's sports team was beaten, then overcame the odds, and won again. Avoid these topics.

• Be specific. If you're writing to a college board, don't say, "I want to go to this college because I need a degree." That's obvious. What do you want to do with it? Why? If you're applying to a business, don't say, "I just need a job." That's obvious. Why this specific job?

• If you're applying to schools, what do you like about the school? What faculty are you interested in? Why this school, instead of another?

Formatting Application Letters

• If you don't get a word-count guideline, just focus on making one or two good points about yourself, and keeping it at that. No need to drone on four several pages.

• Instead of a salutation, write, "Letter of Application" at the top left corner of the page, or put it in the header on the left side at the top.
• If you do have a contact, address it to them, making sure the name is spelled correctly. Then space down and start the body of the letter. [10] X Research source

• Sometimes, it's appropriate to type your name, then print out the letter and sign it in pen. That can be a nice touch.

• Mailing address
• Telephone and/or fax number

Expert Q&A

• Remember to be formal at all times. Do not use abbreviations anywhere. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 1

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/finding-a-job/how-to-write-an-application-letter
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/subject_specific_writing/professional_technical_writing/tone_in_business_writing.html
• ↑ Alexander Ruiz, M.Ed.. Educational Consultant. Expert Interview. 18 June 2020.
• ↑ https://advice.writing.utoronto.ca/types-of-writing/admission-letters/
• ↑ https://wts.indiana.edu/writing-guides/personal-statements-and-application-letters.html
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/job_search_writing/job_search_letters/cover_letters_1_quick_tips/quick_formatting_tips.html
• ↑ https://writing.wisc.edu/handbook/assignments/coverletters/

About This Article

To format an application letter, start by including your name and contact details in the document header. When choosing a greeting, only use one if you know the person's name your writing to. Otherwise, give the document a title, like "Letter of application" at the top of the page. For the body of the letter, aim to write no more than 1 page of single-spaced paragraphs using a standard font. Finally, conclude your letter with a formal greeting like "Sincerely yours." For tips on how to write a job application letter, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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Sample Cover Letter for a Job Application

What is an Application Letter?

What to include in your application letter, tips for writing a cover letter, cover letter sample and template, email cover letter sample.

• How to Send an Email Application

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Alex Dos Diaz / The Balance

What's the best way to write a letter to apply for a job? Your letter should detail your specific qualifications for the position and the skills you would bring to the employer. What’s most important is to show the employer that you’re a perfect match for the job.

Your job application letter is an opportunity to highlight your most relevant qualifications and experience. An effective cover letter will enhance your application, showcase your achievements, and increase your chances of landing an interview.

Review what to include in a job application letter, tips for writing a letter that will get your application notice, and examples of letters and email messages sent to apply for a job.

Key Takeaways

• An application letter accompanies a resume and may be uploaded to a job portal, sent via email, or even sent by postal mail, depending on the employer’s requirements.
• Application letters are an ideal way to show your interest in a job and highlight your most relevant skills.
• It’s important to match your letter to the job description and show the employer that you have the qualifications they are seeking.

A   letter of application, also known as a  cover letter , is a document sent with your resume to provide additional information about your skills and experience to an employer. Your letter of application is intended to provide detailed information on why you are an ideal candidate for the job.

Your application letter should let the employer know what position you are applying for, what makes you a strong candidate, why they should select you for an interview, and how you will follow up.

Effective application letters explain the reasons for your interest in the specific organization and identify the most relevant skills that qualify you for the job.

Your application letter should let the employer know what position you are applying for, explain your qualifications for the job, why you should be selected for an interview, and how you will follow up.

Unless an employer specifically requests a job application letter sent by postal mail, today most cover letters are sent by email or attached as a file in an online application tracking system.

As with all cover letters, a job application letter is divided into sections:

• The heading includes your name and contact information.
• A  greeting  addressed to a specific person, if possible.
• The introduction includes why the applicant is writing.
• The body discusses your relevant qualifications and what you have to offer the employer.
• The close thanks the reader and provides contact information and follow-up details.
• Your  signature to end the letter .

Here’s how to ensure that your application supports your resume, highlights your most relevant qualifications, and impresses the hiring manager.

Get off to a direct start.  In your first paragraph, explain why you are writing. Mention the job title and company name, and where you found the job listing. While you can also briefly mention why you are a strong candidate, this section should be short and to the point.

Offer something different than what's in your resume. You can make your language a bit more personal than in your resume bullet points, and you can tell a narrative about your work experience and career.

Application letters typically accompany resumes, so your letter should showcase information that your resume doesn't.

Make a good case.  Your first goal with this letter is to progress to the next step: an interview. Your overarching goal, of course, is to get a job offer. Use your application letter to further both causes. Offer details about your experience and background that show why you are a good candidate. How have other jobs prepared you for the position? What would you bring to the position, and to the company? Use this space to  emphasize your strengths .

Close with all the important details.  Include a thank you at the end of your letter. You can also share your contact information and mention how you will follow up.

This is a sample cover letter.  Download the cover letter template  (compatible with Google Docs and Word Online) or see below for an email sample.

The Balance

John Donaldson 8 Sue Circle Smithtown, CA 08067 909-555-5555 john.donaldson@email.com

September 6, 2022

George Gilhooley LTC Company 87 Delaware Road Hatfield, CA 08065

Dear Mr. Gilhooley,

I am writing to apply for the programmer position advertised in the Times Union. As requested, I enclose my certification, resume, and references.

The role is very appealing to me, and I believe that my strong technical experience and education make me a highly competitive candidate for this position. My key strengths that would support my success in this position include:

• I have successfully designed, developed, and supported live-use applications.
• I strive continually for excellence.
• I provide exceptional contributions to customer service for all customers.

With a BS degree in computer programming, I have a comprehensive understanding of the full lifecycle of software development projects. I also have experience in learning and applying new technologies as appropriate. Please see my resume for additional information on my experience.

I can be reached anytime via email at john.donaldson@email.com or by phone at 909-555-5555.

Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to speaking with you about this employment opportunity.

Signature  (hard copy letter)

John Donaldson

The following is a sample email cover letter to send as part of a job application.

Email Application Letter Example

Subject: Colleen Warren - Web Content Manager Position

Dear Hiring Manager,

I'm writing to express my interest in the Web Content Manager position listed on Monster.com. I have experience building large, consumer-focused, health-based content sites. While much of my experience has been in the business world, I understand the social value of this sector, and I am confident that my business experience will be an asset to your organization.

My responsibilities have included the development and management of website editorial voice and style, editorial calendars, and the daily content programming and production for various websites.

I have worked closely with health care professionals and medical editors to provide the best possible information to a consumer audience of patients. I have also helped physicians to use their medical content to write user-friendly and easily comprehensible text.

Experience has taught me how to build strong relationships with all departments in an organization. I have the ability to work within a team, as well as cross-team. I can work with web engineers to resolve technical issues and implement technical enhancements. 

I am confident working with development departments to implement design and functional enhancements, monitor site statistics, and conduct search engine optimization.

Thank you for your consideration.

Colleen Warren colleen.warren@email.com 555-123-1234 www.linked.com/colleenwarren

How to Send an Email Application Letter

If sending your cover letter via email, list your name and the job title you are applying for in the  subject line  of the email:

Colleen Warren - Web Content Manager Position

Include your contact information in your email signature but don't list the employer's contact information.

Do you have to write a cover letter when you apply for a job?

Some employers require cover letters. If they do, it will be mentioned in the job posting. Otherwise, it’s optional but it can help your chances of securing an interview. A cover letter gives you a chance to sell yourself to the employer, showcase your qualifications, and explain why you are a perfect candidate for the job.

How can you use a cover letter to show you’re a qualified candidate?

One of the easiest ways to show an employer how you’re qualified for a job is to make a list of the requirements listed in the job posting and match them to your resume. Mention your most relevant qualifications in your cover letter, so the hiring manager can see, at a glance, that you have the credentials they are looking for.

CareerOneStop. " How Do I Write a Cover Letter ?"

CareerOneStop. “ Effective Cover Letters .”

15 Cover Letter Templates to Perfect Your Next Job Application

Published: August 10, 2022

Are cover letters necessary? I'm not in HR, but I've been approached by applicants who wondered whether their cover letter would actually be read. My answer is one not many of them wanted to hear: "sometimes." Sometimes it will be read. Other times, you can get away with just sending in your resume — like when you network your way into applying for a position.

The truth is, you can't really predict on a case-by-case basis — and you're better safe than sorry. For the most part, having a cover letter will give you an upper hand in ways your resume doesn't. It allows you to show off your writing skills, provide details that you couldn't fit on your resume, demonstrate your passion, and show your willingness to put in as much time and effort as possible.

If you’ve ever rolled your eyes or balked at an application that required a cover letter, this guide is for you. We’ll go over how to write a cover letter and provide cover letter templates to help you perfect your own.

Application Letter

An application letter is a written document addressed to an employer by a job applicant, explaining why they're interested in and qualified for an open position. More commonly known as a cover letter, this document can come in the form of an email, MS Word document, or similar application template offered by the employer.

Seems fairly basic, right? Cover letters can hold different levels of importance to an employer depending on the industry you're in and the job you're applying for. According to a CareerBuilder survey, 49% of recruiters say sendign a cover letter along with your resume boosts your chance of landing the role.

If you do plan to write a cover letter, keep in mind there are certain qualities it should have that are not included in the definition above.

5 Free Cover Letter Templates

Five fill-in-the-blank cover letter templates to help you impress recruiters.

• Standard Cover Letter Template
• Entry-Level Cover Letter Template
• Data-Driven Cover Letter Template

You're all set!

Click this link to access this resource at any time.

What to Include in a Cover Letter

So, what should you include? We'll let the 11 templates below this list do most of the talking. No matter which one you download, pay attention to the following elements — all of which should shine through in the letter you send to your future manager.

Fill out this form to access your templates.

1. contact information.

Cover letters shouldn't just carry your contact information, but also that of the company to which you're applying. Contact info includes your phone number, email address, and any social media accounts you're willing to share and receive connections to.

Home addresses aren't required, but they can be a helpful reassurance to the employer that you already live nearby and would have no trouble coming into the office.

Avoid offering phone numbers, email addresses, or actual addresses that belong to your current employer. Using your personal Gmail address over your work email, for example, ensures your correspondence with recruiters remains separate from all of your current work communication.

2. A Personal Address Line

For as often as you see "to whom it may concern" at the top of cover letters today, do your best to avoid writing this exhausted line.

Address lines that specify a person or company grab your reader's attention much more quickly, and show the employer that you've taken the time to tailor your application letter to them. Don't have the name of the hiring manager? "Employers at [company name]" will do just fine.

A "hook" is a clever introduction that "hooks" your reader into wanting to learn more. Think about yourself as a job candidate — what makes you unique? What about your career might a recruiter be intrigued by that you can package into an interesting first sentence?

4. Why You're Qualified

It's a no-brainer that you should summarize your professional experience in your cover letter. However, today's best applications describe why this experience qualifies the applicant for the job they're applying for. For example, don't just state that you spent three years writing for a company blog. Explain that this type of work lends itself to managing your new potential employer's content calendar every week.

5. General Knowledge of the Business

Grammatical errors could mean your application is thrown in the trash, but that's not the only thing that could get your letter tossed aside. Using a generic "one-size-fits-all" cover letter — especially if you forget to change the name of the company — will also hurt your chances of landing an interview.

So, if you take the time to write a cover letter, take the time to comment on the business itself. Why are you applying to this company? What about their business stuck out to you as a professional?

Now, let's take a look at an example cover letter , what makes it effective, along with 11 templates you can download or draw inspiration from.

Cover Letter Example

Image Source

The example above illustrates how to write a marketing cover letter using the elements we listed.

Besides the contact information and the address line, the first few paragraphs explain why the candidate is qualified for the position. This example uses specific data to show why they would be a good fit.

Additionally, in the second to last paragraph, the candidate discusses why they're interested in the specific company, demonstrating general knowledge of the business.

By combining all the elements to a cover letter, this is a great example to use for inspiration.

Featured Resource: 5 Professional Cover Letter Templates

14 Free Cover Letter Templates for Your Next Job Application

Template 1: basic.

The example above is a basic (but great) cover letter. The numbered sections are explained in more detail below.

The level of formality your header has will depend on the company to which you apply. If you're applying to a formal business, it's important to use a formal header to open your cover letter, like in the sample above. Put your address, the date, and the company's address. But if you're applying to a company that isn't as formal, you don't need to include yours and the company's addresses. You can still include the date, though.

2. Greeting

Using "To Whom It May Concern" is okay, but you may want to take the time to research the name of the recruiter or hiring manager online. If you do your research and aren't confident you found the right name, then you should definitely use the generic greeting — but if you are sure, then it shows you put in the effort to find their name and it will catch the recruiter's eye.

If you have the recruiter's name, do you greet them by their full name, or by their courtesy title (i.e. Mr., Ms., or Mrs.)? Similar to the header, it depends on the company's level of formality. If you're applying to a corporate business, you may want to consider using "Mr. Snaper" instead of "Jon Snaper." If you're applying to a start-up or a business with a more casual culture, you can use "Jon Snaper," as shown in the example.

3. Introduction

Your opening paragraph should, in 1-3 sentences, state why you're excited to apply and what makes you the perfect candidate. Get right to the point, and don't worry about explaining where you found the posting or who you know at the company. This isn't a place to go into detail about why you're a great candidate — that's for the second paragraph. Here, simply list a few key reasons in one sentence to set up the rest of your letter. Keep in mind that the recruiter may cross-reference your cover letter with your resume, so make sure the two sync up.

4. Paragraph 2: Why You're a Great Fit for the Job

Next, sell yourself and your experience by choosing one or two concrete examples that show why you're a great fit for the position. What did you do at a previous company that gave you relevant experience? Which projects have you worked on that would benefit the new company? How will your prior experience help this company grow? Stay humble in your explanation of credentials while still showing that you would be an asset to the team. Use this paragraph to show you're genuinely excited and interested in the position.

5. Third Paragraph: Why the Company Is a Great Fit for You

While it's certainly important you're a good fit for the job, it's also important that the company is a good fit for you. "A cover letter typically describes why you're great for a company — but how will you benefit from getting hired?" asks former HubSpot Team Development Manager Emily MacIntyre . "We want to know why our company appeals to you, and how it will be a mutually beneficial working relationship."

In the third paragraph, show you're serious about growing and developing your career at this new company. What impresses and excites you about the company? Is there something that you feel strongly about that aligns with the company's goals? For example, the candidate in the sample letter used this space to show his personal commitment to environmental causes aligns with the company's green initiatives.

6. Strong Closer and Signature

Don't get lazy in the final few sentences of your cover letter — it's important to finish strong. Be straightforward about your interest and enthusiasm about the new position, and tell them you're available to talk about the opportunity at any time. Be sure to include your phone number and email address. At this point, the ball is (rightly) in the recruiter's court to decide how to follow up.

Last but certainly not least, thank them for their time and consideration. Use a formal sign-off like "Best," "All the best," or "Sincerely," and finish by typing out your full name. You don't need to sign it with a pen.

Template 2: Data-Driven Marketing Cover Letter

Get it here..

When applying to a data-driven position, it might be tempting to inject your cover letter with, well, the data to describe what you've done for other employers. But in an application letter — particularly for the marketing industry — how you convey this data is just as important as the data itself.

The cover letter template above, which we created here at HubSpot, can help you present the data that's most important to you as a candidate such that it'll matter to your future employer.

Notice the three bullet points near the center of the letter above, preceded by the statement: "... I've developed a strategy that has helped the company achieve ..." This setup is important, because while you can add as many statistics as you want to this template, your data points should describe how your current/former business benefited from your work, rather than how you, yourself, benefited.

Template 3: Straight-to-the-Point Cover Letter

Harvard Business Review contributor David Silverman hailed the above cover letter example as "The Best Cover Letter I Ever Received." For context, Silverman believes there are only a handful of times when writing a cover letter is actually necessary:

• When you know the name of the hiring manager.
• When you know something about what the job requires.
• When you've been referred to the job personally.

Under those three circumstances, a straight-to-the-point cover letter like the one above could be your best bet. Because it's so concise, however, make a point to add your own letterhead above the message itself. It might be easy for a recruiter to sift through a short and sweet cover letter like the one above, but it's just as easy for it to get lost in the shuffle of their application list without a unique design or format.

Template 4: Referral Cover Letter

Just because a friend or colleague recommended you for a job doesn't mean the company is all set to hire you. Therefore, the cover letter template above is written specifically for referrals. We made this one here at HubSpot. Download it here (it comes with four other cover letter templates , too).

As you can see in the picture above, the first paragraph of the cover letter is dedicated entirely to acknowledging the circumstances of your applying: You know someone who works there — no harm in that. But there might be harm in not mentioning it to the hiring manager. Telling the reader about your connection at the company shows you're aware and confident of the actions you take to get the opportunities you're interested in.

Ultimately, it's better than the recruiter hearing about your employee connection from somebody else.

As for the rest of the cover letter, treat your message the same way you would if you had applied with no connection from within. Your skills and successes are no less important because of your internal referral.

Template 5: Photo Letterhead Cover Letter

The cover letter template above was designed by Microsoft Office, and as comprehensive as it looks, it's completely free to download and modify.

As it looks right now, this cover letter contains about half photo, half text. Feel free to shrink (and change) the image to give yourself more room to tell your story. Of course, a nice washed-out image that expresses who you are can be part of that story ...

Template 6: Digital Creative Cover Letter

This sixth template is perfect for the applicant who wants to emphasize the many different digital channels they areon. This template goes well with a resume of the same format.

As you personalize this letter with your own experience, make note of the social networks and industry software included in this template. You'll see there’s additional space along the top to add your LinkedIn and personal website to fill with your own information.

You can improve upon this template by formatting your most important highlights and accomplishments with bullet points. This will make the document easier to read for the hiring manager and emphasizes the value you provide.

Template 7: Marketing Manager Cover Letter

Our seventh cover letter comes from Monster.com. This cover letter, shown above, is focused specifically on a marketing role.

Notice how the writer includes references to important marketing metrics and terminology. If you're applying to a data-driven role, you might not want to fill the page with a story of your experience in paragraph form, like Template 1 does at the beginning of this article. Instead, consider highlighting three (or four, or five) of your successes that you believe the hiring manager would resonate most with, in bulleted form.

As a marketing professional, breaking up your letter with bulleted details like the ones above shows a respect for the hiring manager's limited time — a mentality that all marketers must understand when communicating with a brand's audience.

Template 8: Career Day Follow-Up Cover Letter

This is a unique kind of cover letter from Princeton University.

LinkedIn, Glassdoor, Monster, and Indeed might take the lion's share of your job searches online, but still some employment opportunities come out of a trade show, job fair, or similar networking event. For those occurrences, you have the follow-up cover letter template above.

This cover letter has everything you need to help an employer recall a conversation you had with him/her at a career fair. As you can see in the second paragraph, the letter is particularly useful to people who are about to graduate college.

Template 9: Logo and Watermarked Cover Letter

Here's another cover letter template from Microsoft Office. This one has a light touch of color in the design just above the letterhead, but make no mistake — the template caters to any professional looking to make a good first impression on their future employer.

Don't let the logo space on the top-right of the page confuse you. This can be the logo of the company to which you're applying — to quickly get the attention of the recruiter — or your own logo. Perhaps you freelance on the side or simply like branding yourself. This cover letter template is meant for customization.

Template 10: Data Scientist Cover Letter

This is our second template from Princeton University. While this is focused on a data scientist role, it is an excellent template to use for students applying to jobs prior to graduation.

The text emphasizes how the applicant’s academic research and projects makes them an ideal candidate for the position. The format is also simple enough to submit as a pdf, as text in an email message or an application text box.

Template 11: Business Cover Letter

The cover letter template above is perfect for entry- and mid-level marketers who want to show a little extra professionalism in their opening note to a potential employer.

The multi-colored header (you can change the color if you wish) shows just the right amount of creativity and can go quite well with a resume of the same style. If you don't have enough experience to fill the entire page, don't worry. Feel free to write to a length you think is representative of who you are and what the hiring manager wants to see.

No matter how long your final cover letter is, the above template is your opportunity to show your attention to detail — from your contact information in the top header, to the personalized address line where you can include the name of the hiring manager. Like we said, "to whom it may concern" is pretty outdated, anyway.

Template 12: Entry-Level Cover Letter

The cover letter template above, written by HubSpot, is specifically designed for entry-level applicants.

When you only have a few years experience, it's important to display how you gained your skills and what you learned from your education or internships. Additionally, it's important to mention why you want to work at the company you're applying to.

No matter your experience, the template above will help you decide what skills you want to highlight and flesh out in your cover letter.

You can download it here (it comes with four other cover letter templates , too).

Template 13: Healthcare Cover Letter

Additionally, phrases like "I'd love to put my skills to work for your clinic" and "Please contact me at your convenience and let me know how I can help you" focus on what the business will gain as a result of hiring the applicant, rather than what the applicant is looking to gain.

Template 14: Freelance Cover Letter

If you're looking for freelance work, your biggest goal is to get your strengths across quickly, so busy clients won't pass by your cover letter entirely. Additionally, if you're sending out multiple cover letters to different clients, you'll want to target each one to that client's unique goals.

For instance, if one client is looking for SEO-optimized content related to marketing, you'll want to highlight past experience writing marketing content; this will change if, for instance, the client is looking for fitness content.

For this reason, it's a good idea to structure your cover letter so you start with a) past credentials or references, and b) bullet-point information related to the client's goal, as shown in the cover letter above.

Template 15: Director Cover Letter

In the cover letter above, the candidate does a good job outlining how she succeeded in a leadership role previously: "For the past five years, I have successfully developed and maintained all data systems, including schedules and records for a business employing more than 100 people."

You'll want to demonstrate how your skills align with a Director position — both through organization and leadership — and, when possible, where you received recognition for your hard work (i.e. "I earned an award for Most Valuable Administrative Staff Member").

Write a Winning Cover Letter

Writing a cover letter is easier said than done. Don't hesitate to spend a lot of time writing and editing it. Tap into the incredible potential of AI tools, such as the HubSpot paragraph rewriter , to infuse each paragraph with a flawless touch of excellence. Or, ask a friend or family member to read it over and give you feedback. If the recruiter does end up reading it, you'll be thankful you did.

Editor's note: This post was originally published in November 2014 and has been updated for comprehensiveness.

Don't forget to share this post!

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Who is T.C. Broadnax? Here's what we know about the Austin city manager finalist.

Broadnax has been the city manager of dallas for seven years. he recently announced he planned to resign from that role..

Weeks after it was made public that Dallas City Manager T.C. Broadnax planned to leave his executive-level city job in June, he was named a finalist for the same position in Austin.

Broadnax, who served as Dallas’ city manager for seven years, has made a career in city management, working previously as the city manager of Tacoma, Wash., and the assistant city manager of San Antonio and Pompano Beach, Fl.

His resignation came after a recommendation from a majority of the Dallas City Council. A joint news release from several City Council members cited ongoing issues between Broadnax and Mayor Eric Johnson, stating, “It has become apparent that the relationship between the mayor and the city manager has not been conducive to effective governance and the advancement of Dallas’ interests," The Dallas Morning News reported .

Broadnax formally applied for the position in Austin days after announcing his resignation.

"As a convener and connector, I understand the level of leadership that the City Manager’s Office must exhibit and embrace all the challenges and responsibilities that it entails," Broadnax wrote in his application letter that was obtained by the American-Statesman through the Texas Public Information Act. "I am committed to local government and eager to work in partnership with the Mayor and City Council to advance the City of Austin and take the city to the next level."

Broadnax declined to do an interview with the Statesman on his candidacy for the Austin city manager position.

He was one of 39 applicants for Austin's top-executive role that oversees the daily operations of the 10th largest city in the country.

The other finalist is Sara Hensley, the current city manager of Denton.

More: Who is Sara Hensley? Here's why Denton's city manager is a finalist for the role in Austin

Brian Platt, the city manager of Kansas City, Mo., was previously named as a finalist for the position, but withdrew from consideration last Sunday.

More: Read more: Kansas City's city manager, Brian Platt, withdraws from Austin top job consideration

The plan is to have a candidate selected by early April, according to Austin Mayor Kirk Watson.

Here’s what we know about Broadnax.

Running a major metropolitan city

Broadnax, after seven years on the job in Dallas, made headway in bringing equity to the city, two Dallas City Council members that spoke with the Statesman about Broadnax said of him, one citing the city's first-ever racial equity plan that was implemented under Broadnax.

More: Austin is getting close to hiring a new city manager. Here's everything you need to know.

In addition to his focus on equity, a transportation department and office to address homelessness were established during his tenure, The Dallas Morning News reported .

He received backlash over the years for the city's building permit process, the city's response to the deletion of millions of Dallas Police Department files, as well as the number of homeless encampments in the city, the News reported.

In his cover letter, Broadnax shared his efforts to address homelessness and transportation. He said he strengthened the city's approach to economic development and provided leadership in the city's public safety efforts, writing about the establishment of the city's Office of Community Police Oversight that occurred during his tenure.

Dallas' Office of Community Police Oversight, which was established in 2019, is facing several issues, The Dallas Morning News recently reported , including a lower budget than in most other major U.S. cities, a high turnover rate, and communication and transparency issues.

Among other issues with policing and public safety in Austin, the city is also facing issues with its own Office of Police Oversight.

Austin voters in 2023 overwhelmingly approved a ballot initiative, known as Prop A, to increase police oversight. Some community members say the city isn't moving fast enough to implement it. In December, the group Equity Action that helped get the item on the ballot filed a lawsuit against the city for not implementing aspects of the Austin Police Oversight Act.

Interim City Manager Jesús Garza came under fire last year when he appointed a permanent director to the office, reneging on his promise to conduct a national search for the post.

The next city manager would be in charge of overseeing the implementation of Prop A and could potentially begin work amid the city's negotiations with the Austin Police Association, if a contract is not finalized under Garza's watch. The first day of negotiations is March 13.

The potential move to Austin and managing a billion-dollar budget

If selected as Austin’s next city manager, Broadnax would be making a jump to a city with a smaller population, but a larger budget and more employees.

Dallas, a city of around 1.3 million people, has about 15,300 city employees and a budget over $4 billion, according to a 2023 city document .

Austin has a population of just under 1 million and continues to be one of the fastest-growing metro areas in the country.

The city has more than 16,000 employees, and this past year the Austin City Council approved a record budget of $5.5 billion, according to the city manager's website .

One of the key responsibilities of city managers is overseeing the drafting of the annual budget, which is later approved and amended by the City Council. Austin could be in a precarious financial situation in the coming years, with the looming end of federal funding granted during the pandemic.

More: Read more: Austin could see a budget deficit as tax revenue falls short of projections

However, it is unclear if the next city manager will oversee the fiscal 2024-25 budget.

While Watson has said the City Council hopes to have selected a candidate in early April, that is not necessarily when they would start. Watson said in a December post to the City Council message board that whomever they select might not be able to start immediately and that they might pick a start date later in the year so that they have completed the budget.

For Broadnax, as his last day in Dallas is early June, it’s unlikely he would begin during the budget process which is well underway in the summer months. If that were the case, Garza, the interim city manager, would oversee the drafting of the coming fiscal year's budget.

Broadnax's annual salary in Dallas is $423,246, The Dallas Morning News reported .

Working with elected officials

The Statesman contacted all 14 Dallas City Council offices and the Dallas mayor's office seeking comment on Broadnax being a finalist for the position in Austin. Council Members Carolyn King Arnold and Omar Narvaez were the only two that accepted interview requests. 

Narvaez, a Dallas City Council member elected in 2017, praised Broadnax’s work as a city manager in an interview with the Statesman, saying he had an excellent relationship with him, that he was easy to work with and was “phenomenal for bringing equity to our city.” 

Narvaez touted Broadnax’s achievements in equity as it relates to the city government and policy implementation, speaking to the city's racial equity plan, the first climate action reduction plan that was approved by the City Council and several city infrastructure projects.

“He doesn't just think equity, he breathes it, he lives it, he is it,” Narvaez said. “We created a lot of amazing policy under him, with him being our city manager.” 

Arnold, who said she was in office when Broadnax was first hired, also echoed sentiments about his work on equity in Dallas. She said she was impressed with his skill set and professionalism during his interview for the position.

Both said they felt he would be a good fit in Austin. 

"I think Austin stands the chance of getting a great city manager who's very versed in his craft," Arnold said. "He is not afraid to speak his mind, he's not afraid to get out of the community, and I believe he just really loves what he's doing."

Broadnax's exit from Dallas

Broadnax’s exit comes after years of conflict with the Dallas mayor, who was first elected in 2019 and led an unsuccessful attempt to oust Broadnax two years ago.

Narvaez said Broadnax called him the night before he announced his resignation and told him a majority of the council had approached him.

“I was blindsided by it,” Narvaez said, adding that he offered to help him save his job like he did two years ago when Johnson pushed to oust him. 

Narvaez said when he offered his help, Broadnax told him, “No.”

"He (said), 'Councilman, I’m done. I don't want to have to go through this anymore and I've done what I can do here in the city of Dallas,'” Narvaez said. 

Days later, Broadnax formally submitted his application for the job in Austin. The original deadline for applications was supposed to be Feb. 12, but it was pushed back to Feb. 26, according to a March 1 post from Watson on the council message board. The rationale behind extending this deadline, Watson said in his post , was to allow potential candidates more time to evaluate the opportunity.

Broadnax submitted his cover letter and résumé on Feb. 25, application records reviewed by the Statesman show.

“We just got to a point where I think that some council members decided that we needed a reset and move forward," Narvaez said.

Arnold shared similar sentiments, telling the Statesman: "He's raised the bar. He's exposed some of the inequities that we've dealt with in Dallas for some time, and I think it was just ... time for him to move on."

Dallas-area TV station WFAA 8 reported that, at a public event after news of his resignation, Broadnax said he did get along with Johnson, but that they differed on policy. He added that he wished their relationship had been better and that it would have benefited the city more if it had been a working relationship.

A Guide to Medical School Recommendation Letters

Asking for a letter of recommendation for medical school doesn’t have to be a difficult task. Our guide can help you with your application and references.

What Makes a Great Letter of Recommendation for Medical School?

If you’re applying to medical school, you’ll know that a recommendation letter is one of the requirements. Typically written by a previous tutor or professor, the recommendation letter is designed to present an evaluation of your education and suitability for a career in medicine. In this blog, we look at the reasons behind a recommendation letter and reveal when and how to ask for one. 

The importance of a good recommendation letter for medical school

Your recommendation letters have a considerable part to play in the overall application process for medical school. It is essential to ensure the recommendation letter is written by a person who knows you well and is able to give a good overview of your skills, experience, and accomplishments. For this reason, you must ask the right person to do it. 

As well as knowing you well, the writer should also be enthusiastic about the task at hand. It helps if they’ve written one before and know what to include. The main purpose of a medical school reference letter is to help enhance your application and make you stand out from the competition. These letters are designed to impress you by showing off your personality and accomplishments and highlighting why you deserve a place in the program. 

How many letters of recommendation do you need?

This usually depends on the specific medical school you are applying to, so it’s important to do the appropriate research first. Typically, most schools require at least three different letters — and they’re often quite strict about the numbers. If a school asks for three letters, only submit three, no more. 

There are also different types of medical school letters of recommendation: committee, individual, and letter packet. Your university’s advising committee writes a committee letter representing you as an individual. A letter packet contains multiple letters from your referees and is sent out by your college’s career department — but it does not include a letter from the committee. Individual letters are exactly that — letters written by referees like professors or employers. 

It’s wise to review the application process of each medical school you wish to apply to, as different medical schools will require different letters based on your situation. For example, if you’re a student, you may be required to obtain letters from your teachers, and if you’re employed, you may need to ask your employer to write you a letter. Some also recommend getting more letters than needed if you require a backup later. 

Who should write your letter of recommendation?

This will depend on your current situation and should be outlined in the admission process of your desired medical school. Below, we’ve highlighted some common examples of who would write your letter of recommendation. 

Professors 

Some medical schools will want a letter from your current or previous science professors, mentors, and non-science tutors. These should help you show off a wide variety of skills and experiences. You don’t need to worry about scoring straight A’s in the subjects. If your tutor has seen your ability to work hard, improve, and be dedicated, they can give you a good recommendation. One thing to consider, however, is the number of students that particular professor teaches. If they don’t know you personally, choose someone who does. Your letter should highlight your skills, passion, and drive for your future career. 

Physicians and doctors 

Some medical schools may allow letters of recommendation from a medical professional you have shadowed. Similar to obtaining a letter from your professor, choosing a doctor or physician who knows you well is important — and not just someone you have worked with for an hour or two sporadically. 

If they can highlight how you work — or even better, helped — in a medical setting, that will work in your favor. This includes critical thinking, the ability to make safe decisions quickly , and your interactions with patients. If the medical professional can use real-world examples of your experience, this will likely benefit you. 

Research supervisors

If you’ve been involved in any research projects at school, a research mentor could also be asked to write your recommendation letter. Again, choosing someone who knows you well and has key examples of your strengths is important. The letters that work best to help you stand out will demonstrate your willingness to undertake hours of research and report writing and your ability to solve problems, analyze data, and work individually and as part of a team. 

If you’re no longer a student, your employer may be asked to provide you with a recommendation. What’s more, if you don’t currently work but have undertaken voluntary work, a volunteer supervisor can also write a letter. This is an excellent opportunity to highlight your character strengths and qualities in a work-type setting.  The letter should showcase your leadership capabilities, teamwork attributes, and personal accomplishments. A co-authored letter from multiple individuals can be used if you work  with multiple managers or supervisors. 

When should you ask for a letter of recommendation for medical school?

Wondering how to ask for a letter of recommendation? Typically, it’s requested via email or in person. It’s important not to leave this until the last minute and to consider how long someone might take to write a reference letter. For this reason, you need to start preparing for the application months in advance of the deadline. 

It is beneficial to ask for a recommendation letter after you have finished a certain project or volunteering experience. That way, your skills and achievements will be fresh in the writer’s mind. 

Medical school letter of recommendation requirements

Your letter of recommendation must follow specific formats and adhere to special procedures. These include being written on official letterheads and being signed manually. The letter must also be dated and saved in electronic format.

At MUA , two letters are required — one from a professor and one from a doctor or employer who has supervised you. There are no strict guidelines on how long a letter of recommendation should be, but one or two pages are usually sufficient. You can also find several medical school recommendation letter samples online for guidance. 

Remember, this is your chance to get a place in your dream medical program, so don’t be afraid to ask for a strong recommendation letter. Explain to the writer what this means to you, and keep an eye on the deadline to ensure you deliver your letter quickly. It would help if you were never asked to read the letter, as these are typically considered confidential. Instead, choose someone to write the letter you know will do well. Don’t forget to thank them afterward.

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Dallas’ T.C. Broadnax was among several last-minute applicants for Austin City Manager job

The resigning dallas city manager’s cover letter was dated feb. 25, one day before the application deadline and four days after it was announced he’d be leaving dallas..

By Everton Bailey Jr.

4:24 PM on Mar 11, 2024 CDT — Updated at 8:00 PM on Mar 11, 2024 CDT

Dallas City Manager T.C. Broadnax applied for the same job in Austin one day before the Feb. 26 deadline — which was four days after his resignation was announced , according to his cover letter.

Of the 39 people who applied for the Austin City Manager job, Broadnax was at least one of nine people whose application materials are dated either the day before or the day of the deadline. That group includes the other two named finalists alongside Broadnax, Denton City Manager Sara Hensley and Kansas City (Mo.) City Manager Brian Platt.

In his résumé and cover letter , which was obtained by The Dallas Morning News through a public records request, Broadnax touts his leadership of Dallas emphasizing his strategies in addressing public safety, equity and inclusion, housing and homelessness, transportation, economic development, historic preservation, community engagement and other areas. He wrote that he is committed to local government and “eager to work in partnership with the mayor and City Council to advance the city of Austin and take the city to the next level.”

“My professional work experience provides a solid local government management foundation, well-suited for the responsibilities and duties of this position,” Broadnax’s cover letter said. “As the city manager of the city of Dallas, TX, my skills, and abilities qualify me for this position and allow me to bring a unique perspective and proven record in city management, financial, and operational performance to support the Austin City Council’s goals for the next city manager.”

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A review by The News of the résumés and cover letters for all 39 applicants shows Broadnax is the only one with experience as a city manager leading a city comparable to the size of Austin, which has the 10th largest population in the country with more than 970,000 residents.

The next closest is Platt, who has managed the municipal government operations for a city of more than 500,000 residents since 2020. Platt announced Sunday that he was withdrawing his name for consideration for Austin city manager. The Kansas City Star reported Monday that the Kansas City Council recently authorized negotiations to extend Platt’s contract on the condition he drop out of Austin’s city manager search.

Since March 2022, Hensley has been the permanent city manager in Denton, which has around 150,000 residents. Between May 2019 and March 2022, she has worked as Denton’s interim city manager, deputy city manager, and assistant city manager, according to her résumé. She also worked as an interim Austin assistant city manager for two years starting in March 2017 and was Austin’s parks and recreation director from December 2008 to March 2017.

The application pool ranged from an Austin real estate agent and an Austin pool repair company owner, to other city managers in cities under 350,000 residents in Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Michigan and Oregon. The group also includes a former Austin assistant city manager and former city managers for Amarillo and Lake Dallas.

Among the accomplishments in Dallas that Broadnax lists in his cover letter are overseeing the development of alternatives to police response like RIGHT Care , a violence interrupters program and the establishment of a community police oversight office. He noted the creation of the R.E.A.L. Time Dallas Rapid Rehousing Program, a regional effort that has helped more than 2,700 people experiencing homelessness into apartments , the development of Connect Dallas, a citywide strategy on how to address all forms of transportation in the city , and development of a city economic development and incentive policy.

Several community police oversight board members recently told The News that the system hasn’t been effective since its creation in 2019 and has been plagued by confusion and uncertainty.

“In the various cities where I have served, I have built my brand and reputation on being a community-centered leader,” Broadnax said in his cover letter. “This has provided me with the opportunity to interact and engage with various levels of government, business leaders, community organizations, and the public to address complex problems and build meaningful relationships. As a convener and connector, I understand the level of leadership that the city manager’s office must exhibit and embrace all the challenges and responsibilities that it entails.”

Broadnax started as Dallas City Manager in 2017 after serving five years as city manager in Tacoma, Wash. He also has worked as an assistant city manager in San Antonio and Pompano Beach, Fla.

In his time with the city, he has been praised for pushing Dallas’ municipal government to focus on racial equity, leading the city through the pandemic, establishing new departments and functions like the Office of Homeless Solutions and navigating dozens of personalities on the City Council.

He has also been criticized for not responding quickly enough in solving some long-running city issues, such as delays in issuing building permits , and not communicating enough with the City Council during some times of crisis, such as when an IT employee deleted millions of police files . His working relationship with Mayor Eric Johnson has been, at times, tenuous. The mayor, in 2022, led a public effort to fire Broadnax, but it was dropped after council support to boot the city manager waned.

Broadnax’s resignation in Dallas was announced Feb. 21 and came “at the suggestion of the majority of the City Council.” That action apparently could trigger a clause in his contract that says the city will owe him a lump sum payment matching his $423,246 annual salary .

Broadnax’s resignation goes into effect on June 3. The Dallas City Council on Feb. 27 appointed Deputy City Manager Kimberly Bizor Tolbert as interim city manager after Broadnax leaves .

Austin, like Dallas, is under a council-manager form of government, where the city manager runs the day-to-day operations of the city and is appointed by the City Council, whose members are each elected by the public and have equal voting power.

Dallas is the ninth largest city in the country with around 1.3 million, has around 13,100 employees and a $4.6 billion budget. Austin has more than 16,000 municipal employees, and the Austin City Council last summer adopted a $5.5 billion budget.

Several Dallas city council members told The News last week when Broadnax was announced as a finalist for the Austin job that they thought he was a strong candidate, but some were caught off-guard.

“I did not know this was coming,” said council member Paula Blackmon. “I did not know that he was applying and that he would eventually be a finalist. But he’ll be a fine city manager wherever he goes.”

Council members Carolyn King Arnold, Omar Narvaez and Jaynie Schultz also told The News that they thought highly of Broadnax and noted his experiences working in Dallas and San Antonio were advantages.

“Any city that gets to work with Mr. Broadnax is fortunate,” Schultz said. “Though it is time for him to leave Dallas, he is a talented leader with much to offer.”

Everton Bailey Jr. . Everton covers Dallas city government. He joined The Dallas Morning News in November 2020 after previously working for The Oregonian and The Associated Press in Hartford, Conn.

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Monterey County supervisors object to AT&T…

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Monterey county supervisors object to at&t plan to dump landlines.

SALINAS – A plan by telecommunications giant AT&T to end landline service to certain parts of Monterey County has raised the ire of the entire Board of Supervisors.

A letter dated Tuesday to the California Public Utilities Commission and signed by District 2 Supervisor and board chairman Glenn Church, is asking the regulatory body to nix AT&T’s application to halt landline service to certain areas of Monterey County.

The application seeks to eliminate what’s called the Carrier of Last Resort obligation, which could adversely affect residents of Monterey County who rely mainly on AT&T’s basic phone service. The application does not include an approach for transitioning to alternatives. Rural residents in the county have few options for accessing quality and affordable telecommunications services, Church said.

Much of Supervisor Mary Adams’ District 5 relies heavily on landlines, as there is no cell reception because of the mountainous terrain.

“There are people in Big Sur who have no internet and have no other way to communicate other than landline telephones,” Adams said. “If this application is approved and AT&T is no longer required to service these people, what are they going to do? They’ll have no 911.”

Supervisors listened to Betty Saxon, AT&T’s external affairs representative for the Central Coast, who tried to allay these concerns by repeatedly telling the elected officials that “no customer is being turned off. No one is being left behind,” she said.

She later qualified her statement by saying even if the application is approved, it would still have to be greenlighted by the Federal Communications Commission and that that process could take years.

But in the actual application submitted to the CPUC, AT&T, citing dwindling federal financial support, states that it wants out of being what’s called an Eligible Telecommunications Carrier, which is any carrier that is eligible for government support.

“Because AT&T no longer receives federal high-cost universal service support, AT&T California should no longer have the obligations of a federal (Eligible Telecommunications Carrier), including the obligation to participate in the federal Lifeline program,” AT&T stated in its CPUC application. California Lifeline provides discounted home phone and cell phone services to qualified lower-income households.

Saxon said one of the motivations to halt landlines is that they are becoming increasingly archaic and creates maintenance challenges.

“That network is dying,” Saxon said. “We can’t get the parts. (Landlines) are going to meet their end-of-life cycle. That is a foregone conclusion.”

Data from the FCC shows the number of landlines in the United States plummeted from roughly 127 million in late 2009 to 27 million in mid-2022. If copper-wire lines continue to decline at the current rate, there will be few or none left by 2029.

But that data doesn’t help county residents who rely solely on landlines. These are not people who are afraid of technological changes, rather people who have no alternatives available to them, Adams said.

“I don’t agree with your presentation,” Adams told Saxon. “Because even though it may be in quite a few years, if AT&T is the carrier of last resort, then AT&T has to invest in ensuring they get the parts and they have people who know how to (maintain landlines).

“But without that protection, I fear there will be no one advocating for the folks who have no choice but landlines,” Adams said.

Church said that the reasoning behind AT&T’S claim that it needs to transition to upgraded technology, such as fiber optic lines, doesn’t hold water for a couple of reasons. First off, he said that cellular coverage, as an alternative to landlines, is spotty, particularly in the canyon areas of his district in northern Monterey County. People there depend on landlines, he said.

“There are folks who can’t get cellular service,” Church said. “They are going to need copper wire or a cell tower on every property. So, when you say no one is going to be cut off, what are the alternatives?”

Saxon responded by saying AT&T has applications filed with the county to build more cell towers. “AT&T is still in the process of building out its network, such as fiber (optic), especially in Marina.” she said.

Supervisor Chris Lopez, whose District 3 runs from east Salinas down to the county border just north of Lake Nacimiento, was also adamant that there needs to be alternatives in place before AT&T pursues ending landline service. He noted there are areas in his district, particularly places in the eastern parts, as well as the Arroyo Seca area that have zero cellphone reception.

“It seems we’re working toward the removal without working toward the solution,” Lopez said.

Church wrapped up the discussion by telling Saxon that he was not confident in the way AT&T managed the issue.

“The rollout has been bungled in what is basically corporate incompetence,” he said.

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