essay on natural vegetation and wildlife

ENCYCLOPEDIC ENTRY

Wildlife conservation.

Wildlife conservation aims to protect plant and animal species as the human population encroaches on their resources.

Biology, Ecology, Conservation, Storytelling, Photography

Asian Elephant Family

Filmmakers and photographers are essential to conservation efforts. They take the photographs, such as these Asian elephants (Elephas maximus indicus), and the films that interest others in protecting wildlife.

Photograph by Nuttaya Maneekhot

Wildlife conservation is the practice of protecting plant and animal species and their habitats . Wildlife is integral to the world’s ecosystems , providing balance and stability to nature’s processes. The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure the survival of these species, and to educate people on living sustainably with other species. The human population has grown exponentially over the past 200 years, to more than eight billion humans as of November 2022, and it continues to rapidly grow. This means natural resources are being consumed faster than ever by the billions of people on the planet. This growth and development also endangers the habitats and existence of various types of wildlife around the world, particularly animals and plants that may be displaced for land development, or used for food or other human purposes. Other threats to wildlife include the introduction of invasive species from other parts of the world, climate change, pollution, hunting, fishing, and poaching. National and international organizations like the World Wildlife Fund, Conservation International, the Wildlife Conservation Society, the United Nations, and National Geographic, itself, work to support global animal and habitat conservation efforts on many different fronts. They work with the government to establish and protect public lands, like national parks and wildlife refuges . They help write legislation, such as the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 in the United States, to protect various species. They work with law enforcement to prosecute wildlife crimes, like wildlife trafficking and illegal hunting (poaching). They also promote biodiversity to support the growing human population while preserving existing species and habitats. National Geographic Explorers, like conservation biologists Camille Coudrat and Titus Adhola, are working to slow the extinction of global species and to protect global biodiversity and habitats. Environmental filmmakers and photographers, like Thomas P. Peschak and Joel Sartore, are essential to conservation efforts as well, documenting and bringing attention to endangered wildlife all over the world.

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Natural vegetation and wildlife [a detailed guide].

Natural vegetation and wildlife represent nature’s beauty and diversity and are essential to our planet’s ecosystem. Wildlife and vegetation consist of a wide variety of plant and animal species.

These plants and animals contribute in different ways to maintaining ecological balance and sustaining life on Earth.

Natural vegetation, from dense forests to vast grasslands, provides habitat for numerous organisms and offers vital environmental benefits such as oxygen production, carbon sequestration, and soil conservation.

Similarly, wildlife represents the intricate web of life, with each species contributing to ecosystem functionality and biodiversity. However, these invaluable resources face numerous threats, including habitat destruction, climate change, and pollution.

Understanding and protecting vegetation and wildlife is necessary to promote a balance between humans and nature, ensuring a sustainable future for everyone.

Table of Contents

What is Natural Vegetation and Wildlife?

Natural vegetation refers to plant life that grows without human interference or cultivation in a particular region or ecosystem.

It is composed of plant species that have adapted to the environmental conditions of their specific habitat over time.

Natural vegetation refers to the plant life that grows and flourishes in a specific region without human intervention. Natural vegetation includes various kinds of plants, trees, shrubs, grasses, and other vegetation that naturally grow in an ecosystem.

The types of plants that can flourish in a particular place are often influenced by elements including climate, soil characteristics, and geographic position, which affect natural vegetation.

These plant communities are self-sufficient and maintain a delicate balance with their surroundings, adapting to the environment’s dynamics.

Wildlife is defined as several different animal species inhabiting different ecosystems. It includes mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and other creatures living in their natural habitats.

To maintain the balance and ecosystem biodiversity, wildlife plays a vital role. They assist in plant pollination, seed dissemination, nutrient cycling, and the operation of food chains.

Depending on elements, including habitat accessibility, weather circumstances, and interactions with other species, wildlife populations can vary significantly.

Characteristics of Natural Vegetation

Characteristics of natural vegetation include:

Natural vegetation consists of various plant species, each with unique characteristics and adaptations.

The plant species within a natural vegetation community maintain a delicate balance with each other and their surroundings.

Natural vegetation undergoes ecological succession, where plant species change over time in response to natural disturbances or environmental changes.

Types of Natural Vegetation

There are several major types of natural vegetation found across the globe. Here are the main categories:

Forests are characterized by a dense growth of trees, which provide a canopy cover. Forests are characterized by a dense growth of trees, which provide a canopy cover. Different types of trees, herbs, and shrubs grow in forests.

Forests are classified into temperate, mangrove, boreal, and tropical rainforests.

Grasslands are areas dominated by grasses, herbs, and non-woody plants. They are usually found in regions with moderate rainfall and are classified into different types like prairies, steppes, pampas, and savannas.

Deserts are arid regions with little rainfall, sparse vegetation, and extreme temperature variations. They are further classified into hot and cold deserts based on climatic conditions.

Wetlands are areas where the land is saturated or covered by water for extended periods. They support unique vegetation adapted to wet conditions and can be categorized into marshes, swamps, bogs, and fens.

Tundra refers to treeless landscapes found in the Arctic and high mountain regions, characterized by low temperatures and a short growing season. Low-lying vegetation like mosses, lichens, and shrubs covers the Tundra.

Each natural vegetation type has distinct features, plant adaptations, and ecological significance.

You May Like To Read: Natural Vegetation of Jammu and Kashmir

Role of Natural Vegetation

Natural vegetation is crucial in maintaining a healthy environment and supporting various ecological processes. Here’s an explanation of its key environmental benefits:

Environmental benefits

The benefits of natural vegetation for the environment include:

Oxygen production

Natural vegetation, especially forests, and plants, contributes significantly to oxygen production through photosynthesis.

Plants make their food via. photosynthesis during this process, they release oxygen that helps to maintain the Earth’s oxygen levels. Photosynthesis is necessary for the survival of all living organisms on Earth.

Carbon Sequestration

Natural vegetation, particularly forests, is vital in mitigating climate change by acting as carbon sinks.

Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air, use sunlight to turn it into biomass, and store it in their branches, stems, and roots—this process aid in reducing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which helps to mitigate climate change.

Soil Erosion Prevention

Plants help prevents soil erosion, and vegetation-grasslands, forests, and wetlands, aid in preventing soil erosion.    

The roots of plants bind the soil together, providing stability and reducing the risk of soil erosion caused by wind or water.

Vegetation also acts as a natural barrier, reducing the impact of heavy rainfall and preventing runoff, which can carry away fertile topsoil.

Habitat for Wildlife

Natural vegetation provides crucial habitats for various plant and animal species.

Forests, fields, swamps, and various other natural environments are essential for thousands of birds, insects, water creatures, and reptiles as they provide them with food, shelter, and reproductive habitats.

Reserving natural vegetation ensures these species’ survival and maintains overall biodiversity.

Cultural And Aesthetic Significance

Natural vegetation holds immense cultural and aesthetic value for human societies.

It inspires art, literature, and cultural practices, serving as a source of beauty and tranquility.

Mountains, rivers, and forests, which are nature’s landscapes contribute to tourism, recreation and spiritual well-being and improves the quality of life for people around the world.

The role of natural vegetation in providing environmental benefits extends far beyond the points mentioned above. It helps regulate climate patterns, purify air and water, support nutrient cycling, and provide ecosystem services essential for human well-being.

Preservation and restoration of natural vegetation is crucial for creating a sustainable and healthy planet that can be passed on to future generations.

Wildlife and Biodiversity

Wildlife encompasses all living organisms that inhabit their natural environments, comprising animals, birds, insects, and plants. It encompasses the diverse range of species found on Earth.

Conversely, biodiversity encompasses the range of life forms present in an ecosystem or across the entire planet. It includes the diversity of species, genetic diversity within species, and the variety of ecosystems.

Importance of biodiversity conservation

Biodiversity conservation is crucial for maintaining the overall health and functioning of ecosystems.

Here are some key reasons why biodiversity conservation is essential:

Ecosystem Stability

Biodiversity helps maintain the stability and resilience of ecosystems. Each species plays a specific role in the food chain, nutrient cycling, and other ecological processes.

Economic Benefits

Biodiversity provides various ecosystem services with direct economic value, such as pollination, water purification, and climate regulation. These services contribute to human well-being and support industries like agriculture, medicine, and tourism.

Cultural Significance

Biodiversity is intertwined with human cultures and traditions. Many indigenous communities rely on biodiversity for their livelihoods, spiritual beliefs, and cultural practices.

Scientific Discoveries

Biodiversity holds immense scientific value. Studying different species and their interactions helps scientists understand ecological processes, genetics, and potential applications in medicine and biotechnology.

Threats to Wildlife and Biodiversity

Unfortunately, wildlife and biodiversity face several threats that can disrupt ecosystems and lead to species loss. Here are some significant threats:

Habitat Loss

One of the significant threats to wildlife is the destruction, degradation, and fragmentation of habitats. Human activities lead to loss of habitat for several species these activities include deforestation, urbanization, and agriculture.

Climate Change

The changing climate poses a significant threat to wildlife and biodiversity. Rising temperatures, altered rainfall patterns, and extreme weather events can disrupt ecosystems, affect breeding cycles, and impact species’ ability to adapt.

Pollution, including air, water, and soil pollution, threatens wildlife. Chemical pollutants, waste disposal, and improper land management practices can harm species directly or indirectly by contaminating their habitats.

It is essential to address these threats through conservation efforts, sustainable land use practices, and international cooperation to ensure wildlife protection and biodiversity preservation.

Forest Ecosystems

Forest ecosystems are diverse and complex systems characterized by a dense concentration of trees and various other plant and animal species.

Here are some critical characteristics of forest ecosystems:

Canopy Structure

Forests have a multi-layered structure with a dominant upper layer called the canopy, composed of tall trees that form a continuous cover. This canopy provides shade and regulates light levels for the lower layers.

Forests are known for their high biodiversity, housing many plant and animal species. They provide habitat and food sources for numerous organisms, contributing to a complex web of ecological interactions.

Carbon Sink

Forests play a vital role in carbon sequestration. Trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through photosynthesis and store it in their biomass, helping mitigate climate change.

Water Regulation

Forests contribute to regulating water cycles. They help maintain a balance of moisture in the air, influence rainfall patterns, and prevent soil erosion by absorbing and retaining water.

Nutrient Cycling

Forests facilitate nutrient cycling by decomposing organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the soil, and promoting new vegetation growth.

Types of Forests

Forests can be classified into different types based on geographical location, climate, and dominant tree species. Here are the main types of forests:

Tropical Rainforests

High temperatures, ample rainfall, and enormous biodiversity are features of tropical rainforests found close to the equator. They are home to numerous plant and animal species and feature dense vegetation.

Temperate Forests

Temperate forests occur in regions with moderate climates and distinct seasons. They have diverse tree species, including deciduous trees that shed their leaves in the winter and evergreen trees.

Boreal Forests

Boreal forests, or taiga, are found in subarctic regions with cold temperatures and low precipitation. Coniferous trees, such as spruce, fir, and pine, dominate them.

Mangrove Forests

Mangrove forests thrive in coastal areas and brackish water environments. They are characterized by salt-tolerant trees and shrubs adapted to the unique challenges of living in tidal zones.

Each forest ecosystem type has its distinct characteristics, flora, and fauna, adapting to the specific environmental conditions of their respective regions.

Grasslands and Savannas

Grasslands are vast landscapes dominated by grasses, herbs, and non-woody plants. They occur in regions with insufficient rainfall to support the growth of large trees or forests.

Here are some key features and distribution patterns of grasslands:

Vegetation Composition

Grasslands primarily consist of various grass species, flowering plants, and herbs. These plants are adapted to withstand drought, fire, and grazing.

Despite the seemingly uniform appearance, grasslands harbor diverse plant and animal species. They are home to numerous grazing animals, insects, and birds, as well as specialized plants and unique adaptations.

Grasslands are often characterized by moderate to seasonal rainfall patterns and experience hot summers and cold winters. These grasslands can be found in various climatic zones-temperate, tropical, and semi-arid environments, among others.

Soil Composition

Grassland soils are typically deep and fertile, with high organic matter content. They are well-suited for the growth of grasses and support the nutrient needs of the diverse plant communities.

Types of grasslands

Grasslands can be further classified into specific types based on their geographical location and unique characteristics. Here are some common types of grasslands:

Prairies are vast, treeless grasslands primarily found in North America. Tall grasses and herbaceous plants characterized them and were historically home to large herds of bison.

Steppes are grasslands in regions with a continental climate, such as Eurasia and North America. They have lower rainfall than prairies and support a mix of short and tall grass species.

Pampas are extensive grasslands found in South America, particularly in Argentina and Uruguay. They are known for their fertile soils and support a variety of grasses, including the iconic pampas grass.

Savannas are grasslands in tropical and subtropical regions characterized by a combination of grasses and scattered trees. They experience distinct wet and dry seasons and are home to many wildlife, including large herbivores and predators.

Each grassland type has unique characteristics, plant and animal communities, and adaptations to the prevailing environmental conditions.

Wetlands and Marshes

Wetlands are areas where the land is saturated or covered by water for extended periods, permanently or seasonally. They play a crucial role in the environment and provide various benefits. Here’s a brief definition and the importance of wetlands:

Wetlands are transitional zones between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Waterlogged soils, diverse vegetation, and unique hydrological conditions characterize wetlands.

Wetlands are essential for several reasons:

Wetlands support various plant and animal species, including specialized and rare ones. They provide habitat for waterfowl, fish, amphibians, and numerous other wildlife.

Wetlands help regulate water flow and prevent flooding by absorbing and storing excess water during heavy rainfall. They act as natural sponges, reducing the impact of storms and preventing downstream flooding.

Water Filtration

Wetlands act as natural filters, purifying water by trapping sediments and pollutants. They improve water quality by removing excess nutrients and chemicals.

Carbon Storage

Wetlands are significant carbon sinks, storing large amounts of organic matter. They play a vital role in mitigating climate change by capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Recreation and Tourism

Wetlands provide recreational opportunities like birdwatching, boating, and nature walks. They attract tourists and contribute to local economies.

Types of wetlands

Wetlands can be classified into several types based on physical and ecological characteristics. Here are some common types of wetlands:

Marshes are wetlands characterized by shallow water and herbaceous vegetation. They are often found along the edges of rivers, lakes, or coastal areas. Marshes support grasses, reeds, and various wetland plants.

Swamps are wetlands dominated by trees, shrubs, and other woody vegetation. They occur in low-lying areas and are typically associated with slow-moving or stagnant water. Swamps can be freshwater or saltwater, depending on their location.

Bogs are wetlands with acidic and nutrient-poor conditions. They are typically fed by rainfall and are characterized by the accumulation of organic material known as peat. Bogs are often home to unique species like sphagnum moss and carnivorous plants.

Fens are wetlands similar to bogs but with a higher nutrient content. They receive water from surface and groundwater sources, resulting in higher mineral content. Fens support diverse vegetation, including sedges, grasses, and mosses.

Each type of wetland has its distinct characteristics, hydrology, and plant and animal communities, contributing to the overall diversity and ecological significance of wetland ecosystems.

Deserts and Xeric Shrublands

Desert ecosystems are characterized by extreme aridity, limited rainfall, and sparse vegetation. Despite the harsh conditions, deserts are home to a surprising diversity of life. Here are some critical characteristics of desert ecosystems:

Deserts are defined by their arid climate, with meager annual precipitation. They often experience high temperatures during the day and significant temperature fluctuations between day and night.

Water Scarcity

Water is scarce in deserts, and plants and animals have adapted to survive with limited water availability. Desert organisms have evolved mechanisms to conserve water, such as reducing water loss through specialized leaves or storing water in their tissues.

Adaptations

Desert plants and animals have unique adaptations to cope with the harsh environment. These include drought tolerance, water storage capabilities, efficient water and energy use, and specialized anatomical features like spines, thorns, and thick waxy coatings.

Deserts support a surprising amount of biodiversity, including various plant species, insects, reptiles, mammals, and birds. Many desert species have evolved specific adaptations to survive extreme temperatures and rely on specialized behaviors to find food and water.

Types of Deserts

Deserts can be classified into different types based on geographical location, climate, and specific characteristics. Here are some common types of deserts:

Hot Deserts

Hot deserts are characterized by high temperatures throughout the year.

These deserts are commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions, such as Africa’s Sahara Desert or North America’s Mojave Desert.

Cold Deserts

Cold deserts experience low temperatures, particularly during the winter season. Cold deserts are found in higher altitudes or latitudes like Asia’s Gobi Desert or South America’s Patagonia desert.

Xeric Shrublands

Xeric shrublands, also known as desert shrublands or semi-deserts, are transitional areas between deserts and more fertile regions. They have slightly higher rainfall than true deserts, allowing drought-tolerant shrubs and other xerophytic vegetation to grow.

Xeric shrublands and Their Adaptations

As transitional zones between deserts and more favorable environments, Xeric shrublands have unique adaptations and characteristics. Here are some notable points:

• Xeric shrublands have vegetation dominated by drought-resistant shrubs, small trees, and xerophytic plants adapted to survive in arid conditions.
• These ecosystems often mix desert-adapted species and species that can tolerate slightly higher moisture levels.
• Xeric shrublands typically exhibit adaptations such as deep root systems, water-storing tissues, reduced leaf surface area, and specialized physiological and reproductive strategies to withstand prolonged dry periods.
• Some common plant species found in xeric shrublands include cacti, succulents, desert shrubs, and grasses that can thrive in semi-arid environments.

Each type of desert ecosystem, including hot deserts, cold deserts, and xeric shrublands, has distinct characteristics, plant and animal adaptations, and ecological dynamics.

Tundra and Arctic Ecosystems

Tundra ecosystems are found in the Arctic and some high-altitude regions, characterized by freezing temperatures, a short growing season, and a lack of trees. Here are some key features of tundra ecosystems:

Cold Climate

Tundras experience long, cold winters and short, cool summers. Average temperatures remain below freezing for most of the year, limiting plant growth and biological activity.

Permafrost is a permanently frozen soil layer beneath the tundra’s surface. It restricts plant roots’ penetration and influences the ecosystem’s hydrological processes.

Low Biodiversity

Tundras have relatively low biodiversity compared to other ecosystems. The harsh climate, limited plant growth, and short growing season contribute to the presence of specialized and hardy species adapted to survive in these conditions.

Low-lying plants, such as mosses, small shrubs, lichens and grasses consist the vegetation of Tundra.  Trees are primarily absent due to the cold temperatures and shallow permafrost.

Adaptations of plants and animals in the tundra

Plants and animals in the tundra have evolved unique adaptations to cope with extreme cold and challenging conditions. Here are some notable adaptations:

Plant Adaptations

Plants adopt unique characteristics to survive in Tundra these are: 

Tundra plants grow close to the ground to minimize exposure to harsh winds and retain heat from the ground.

Shallow Root Systems

The permafrost restricts the depth to which plants can grow their roots. Many tundra plants have shallow root systems to access nutrients in the upper layers of soil.

Cushion Growth Forms

Some plants, like cushion plants, grow in compact, low-lying forms that help them retain heat and protect against wind.

Animal Adaptations

Likewise animals in Tundra adopt certain adoptions to survive. 

Many tundra animals have thick fur or feathers that provide insulation against the cold. This helps them conserve body heat in freezing temperatures.

Some animals, such as caribou and birds, migrate long-distance to find food and suitable breeding grounds during the short summer.

Hibernation

Certain tundra animals, like bears, undergo hibernation to conserve energy and survive the winter when food is scarce.

Threats to Tundra Ecosystems

Tundra ecosystems face various threats that can disrupt their delicate balance and unique characteristics. Here are some significant threats to tundra ecosystems:

Tundras are highly vulnerable to climate change.  As temperatures rise, permafrost has the potential to thaw, leading to transformations in the landscape and the release of stored carbon into the atmosphere. It can also disrupt the timing of plant and animal life cycles.

Human Activities

Human activities like oil and gas exploration, infrastructure development, and mining can directly impact tundra ecosystems. They can lead to habitat destruction, pollution, and disturbance of wildlife.

Overgrazing

Excessive grazing by introduced herbivores can disrupt the delicate vegetation balance in tundra ecosystems. Overgrazing can lead to soil erosion, reduced plant cover, and changes in plant community composition.

Pollution from industrial activities and long-range transport can contaminate tundra environments. Pollutants can accumulate in the food chain, posing risks to plant and animal species.

Preserving tundra ecosystems is crucial to maintaining their unique biodiversity and the ecological services they provide. Conservation efforts, sustainable land use practices, and addressing climate change are essential for protecting these delicate and fragile environments.

Marine and Coastal Ecosystems

Marine and costal ecosystems are vital ecosystems on our planet

Importance of Marine and Coastal Ecosystems

Marine and coastal ecosystems are vital components of the Earth’s biodiversity, providing numerous benefits to the environment and human populations. Here’s an explanation of their importance:

Marine and coastal ecosystems support a wide variety of plant and animal species. Coral reefs, seagrass beds, mangroves, and other habitats offer shelter, feeding grounds, and breeding sites for countless marine organisms, contributing to rich biodiversity.

These ecosystems play a vital role in supporting the fishing industry and serve as a crucial food source for millions of people worldwide. Healthy marine habitats sustain fish populations, supporting the livelihoods of fishing communities.

Climate Regulation

Oceans play a vital role in regulating the Earth’s climate. They absorb a substantial amount of carbon dioxide, helping mitigate climate change’s impacts. Additionally, coastal wetlands and mangroves act as carbon sinks, storing carbon and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Coastal Protection

Mangroves, seagrass beds, and coral reefs act as natural buffers, protecting coastlines from erosion and the destructive forces of storms and waves. They serve as a frontline defense against coastal erosion and mitigate the impacts of tsunamis and storm surges.

Tourism and Recreation

Coastal regions are attractions for tourists, offering abundant opportunities for recreational activities like swimming, snorkeling, and diving. Among these attractions, coral reefs stand out as highly sought-after destinations for ecotourism, making significant contributions to local economies.

Coral Reefs and Their Significance

Coral reefs are diverse and vibrant marine ecosystems built by coral polyps, tiny organisms that secrete calcium carbonate to form hard skeletons. Here’s why coral reefs are significant:

Biodiversity Hotspots

Coral reefs are incredibly diverse ecosystems and are considered one of the most biodiverse habitats on the planet. They provide a home for a wide variety of marine organism s pecies, including fish, invertebrates, and plants.

Their vibrant colors and unique marine life attract divers and snorkelers worldwide.

Fisheries and Food Security

Many fish species rely on coral reefs for shelter and food, making them essential for fisheries and ensuring food security for coastal communities.

Coral reefs act as natural barriers, protecting coastlines from wave erosion and storm damage. They absorb the energy of waves, reducing their impact on the shore.

Medicinal Properties

Coral reefs are a potential source of new medicines, as some marine organisms found in reefs have shown promise in pharmaceutical research.

Tourism and Economy

Coral reefs support a thriving tourism industry, generating income and employment opportunities for communities near reef systems.

Mangroves and Seagrass Beds

Mangroves and seagrass beds are critical coastal habitats that offer a range of ecological benefits:

Nursery Habitats

Mangroves and seagrass beds serve as nursery areas for juvenile fish and other marine species, providing protection and food sources during their early life stages.

Erosion Control

Mangroves have extensive root systems that stabilize shorelines and protect coastal areas from erosion caused by waves and tides.

Water Quality

Both mangroves and seagrass beds filter and purify water, removing pollutants and excess nutrients from runoff before they reach the ocean.

Mangroves and seagrass beds are highly efficient at capturing and storing carbon dioxide, making them valuable assets in the fight against climate change.

Biodiversity Support

These habitats provide habitat for a wide range of marine life, including birds, crustaceans, and various fish species.

Conservation and sustainable management of marine and coastal ecosystems are crucial to safeguarding their numerous benefits to the environment, economies, and human well-being.

Endangered Species

Endangered species are organisms that face a high risk of extinction in the near future. They are typically characterized by a decline in population size, loss of habitat, or other factors threatening their survival.

The criteria for categorizing a species as endangered may vary depending on the specific classification system, but here are some common factors considered:

Population Size

Endangered species often have a small population size, making them vulnerable to various threats and reducing their genetic diversity.

Habitat Loss and Fragmentation to Endanger Species

Destruction, degradation, or fragmentation of their natural habitat significantly impacts endangered species, limiting their ability to find food, mates, and suitable conditions for survival.

Overexploitation

Unsustainable hunting, fishing, or trade can bring species to extinction. Illegal wildlife trade and poaching pose significant threats to many endangered species.

Alterations in temperature, precipitation patterns, and sea-level rise due to climate change can adversely affect endangered species’ habitats and life cycles, making them more vulnerable to extinction.

Examples of Endangered Species and Their Conservation Status

Numerous species across the globe are currently classified as endangered. Here are some examples of endangered species and their conservation status:

Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii): Critically Endangered, habitat loss, illegal hunting, and the palm oil industry have drastically reduced their populations.

African Elephant (Loxodonta africana): Endangered, poaching for ivory, and habitat loss are significant threats to these majestic creatures.

Hawksbill Sea Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata): Critically Endangered. Overexploitation of their shells, destruction of nesting beaches, and marine pollution pose severe risks to their survival.

Sumatran Tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae): Critically Endangered. Habitat loss, illegal hunting, and poaching have driven this subspecies to the brink of extinction.

Conservation Efforts and Success Stories

Conservation efforts are vital in saving endangered species and reversing their decline. Here are some examples of conservation efforts and success stories:

Protected Areas

Establishing and effectively managing protected areas, such as national parks and wildlife reserves, help safeguard the habitats of endangered species. These areas provide safe havens where species can thrive and reproduce.

Habitat Restoration

Efforts to restore and rehabilitate degraded habitats can create suitable environments for endangered species to recover. Restoration activities may include reforestation, wetland restoration, or coral reef rehabilitation.

Anti-Poaching Measures

Strict law enforcement, anti-poaching patrols, and raising awareness about the consequences of illegal wildlife trade are crucial in protecting endangered species from poaching and exploitation.

International Cooperation

Collaborative efforts between countries, organizations, and communities are essential for addressing cross-border issues and implementing conservation strategies on a global scale.

Breeding Programs

Captive breeding programs, such as those for pandas or condors, have successfully increased the populations of critically endangered species and reintroduced them to the wild.

While progress has been made in conserving endangered species, many challenges remain. Continued efforts in habitat protection, wildlife management, and addressing the underlying causes of species decline are necessary to ensure the long-term survival of endangered species and promote global biodiversity conservation.

Conservation Strategies

Protected areas and national parks are essential conservation strategies that safeguard natural habitats and biodiversity. Here’s an explanation of their significance:

Conservation of Biodiversity

Protected areas and national parks serve as havens for various plant and animal species. By designating specific areas for protection, these strategies help preserve the diversity of life and maintain healthy ecosystems.

Habitat Protection

These areas provide refuge and protection for endangered species, allowing them to thrive without the threats posed by habitat destruction, hunting, or other human activities.

Scientific Research and Education

Protected areas and national parks facilitate scientific research, enabling experts to study ecosystems, monitor species populations, and develop conservation strategies. They also serve as educational sites, promoting public awareness and appreciation of nature.

Sustainable Tourism

Many protected areas and national parks are open to visitors, offering opportunities for sustainable tourism. This generates income that can be used for conservation efforts while providing educational and recreational experiences for visitors.

Wildlife Corridors and Habitat Restoration

Wildlife corridors and habitat restoration initiatives are vital for maintaining ecological connectivity and rehabilitating degraded habitats. Here’s an explanation of their role in conservation:

Ecological Connectivity

Wildlife corridors are strips of habitat that connect fragmented areas, allowing wildlife to move between regions. They facilitate the migration of animals, gene flow, and the recolonization of suitable habitats, contributing to species’ long-term survival.

Mitigating Habitat Fragmentation

Habitat fragmentation caused by human activities can disrupt ecological processes and isolate populations, increasing the risk of local extinction. Wildlife corridors help counteract the negative impacts of fragmentation by providing connectivity and promoting genetic diversity.

Habitat restoration involves repairing or rehabilitating degraded ecosystems. It aims to bring back native vegetation, improve water quality, and enhance biodiversity.

Restoration efforts can include reforestation, wetland rehabilitation, or removing invasive species to restore the natural balance of ecosystems.

Sustainable Land Use

Incorporating wildlife corridors and habitat restoration into land-use planning promotes sustainable practices that balance conservation and human activities. It allows for the coexistence of communities and wildlife, minimizing conflicts while preserving natural habitats.

Sustainable Development and Community Involvement

Conservation strategies prioritizing sustainable development and involving local communities are crucial for long-term success. Here’s how they contribute to conservation efforts:

Balancing Conservation and Development

Sustainable development seeks to meet the needs of present and future generations while conserving the environment. It involves responsible land use, resource management, and minimizing the ecological footprint of human activities.

Community Involvement

Engaging local communities in conservation efforts fosters a sense of ownership and responsibility. It recognizes their traditional knowledge, promotes sustainable livelihoods, and ensures conservation initiatives align with local needs and aspirations.

Environmental Education and Awareness

Promoting environmental education and raising awareness about the importance of conservation within communities fosters a culture of environmental stewardship. It helps people understand the value of natural resources and encourages sustainable practices.

Sustainable Livelihoods

Integrating conservation goals with sustainable livelihood opportunities, such as ecotourism or sustainable agriculture, provides economic incentives for communities to support conservation efforts. It ensures that local communities benefit from protecting natural resources.

Comprehensive conservation strategies can effectively preserve biodiversity, restore ecosystems, and promote sustainable coexistence between humans and nature by combining protected areas, wildlife corridors, habitat restoration, sustainable development, and community involvement.

Implementing these strategies may vary depending on each region or project’s specific context and conservation goals.

Benefits of Ecotourism

Economic and ecological benefits of ecotourism:

Ecotourism, a form of sustainable tourism focusing on nature and conservation, offers several benefits for local communities and the environment. 

Job Creation: Ecotourism creates employment opportunities, particularly in rural and remote areas where other economic activities may be limited. It generates jobs in various sectors, such as guiding, hospitality, transportation, and crafts.

Local Revenue: Ecotourism contributes to the local economy by generating income through visitor spending on accommodations, food, transportation, and souvenirs. This revenue can be reinvested in community development and conservation initiatives.

Diversification of Income: Communities that engage in ecotourism can diversify their sources of income, reducing their dependence on unsustainable activities such as logging or poaching.

Ecological Benefits

Conservation Funding: Ecotourism revenue can be directed toward protecting and managing natural areas. Funds can support conservation projects, habitat restoration, anti-poaching efforts, and the establishment of protected areas.

Environmental Education: Ecotourism provides opportunities for visitors to learn about local ecosystems, wildlife, and conservation efforts. This educational component fosters environmental awareness and promotes a sense of responsibility towards nature.

Habitat Preservation: By attaching economic value to intact ecosystems, ecotourism incentivizes the conservation and preservation of natural habitats. It creates financial incentives for local communities to protect biodiversity and maintain the ecological balance.

Examples of Successful Ecotourism Initiatives

Several ecotourism initiatives worldwide have demonstrated positive outcomes for conservation and local communities. Some examples are:

Costa Rica: Costa Rica is renowned for its successful ecotourism practices. The country has established a network of national parks, private reserves, and eco-lodges that attract visitors interested in experiencing its rich biodiversity.

Ecotourism has significantly contributed to the country’s economy and has played a crucial role in conserving natural resources.

Namib-Naukluft National Park, Namibia: The Namib-Naukluft National Park is an ecotourism destination known for its desert landscapes, wildlife, and community involvement. Local communities run lodges, guide tours, and manage conservation initiatives.

The park’s success highlights the potential for ecotourism to empower local communities and support wildlife conservation.

Galapagos Islands, Ecuador: The Galapagos Islands have implemented strict regulations and sustainable tourism practices to preserve the archipelago’s unique biodiversity. Visitors must follow guidelines to minimize their impact on the delicate ecosystem.

Tourism revenue contributes to conservation efforts and supports research and monitoring programs.

Responsible Travel Practices

Responsible travel practices ensure that ecotourism remains sustainable and beneficial for the environment and local communities. Some fundamental principles of responsible travel:

• Minimize Environmental Impact
• Respect Wildlife and Habitat
• Observe animals from a safe distance.
• Follow designated trails.
• Avoid disturbing their natural behavior or habitats.
• Reduce Waste and Use Resources Wisely
• Practice proper waste management
• Minimize water usage
• Support accommodations that prioritize sustainability.

Support Local Communities:

Respect local culture and traditions. Learn about local customs, traditions, and etiquette, and be respectful in your interactions with local communities.

Choose Locally Owned Businesses

Support local businesses, accommodations, and guides to ensure economic benefits directly benefit the community.

Educate Yourself and Others

Learn about the Environment: Educate yourself about the destination’s biodiversity, conservation challenges, and local conservation initiatives.

Share Knowledge

Spread awareness about responsible travel practices and the importance of conservation among fellow travelers.

By embracing responsible travel practices, visitors can contribute to the long-term sustainability of ecotourism destinations, support local economies, and conserve natural areas.

It is notable that the success and impact of ecotourism initiatives may vary depending on the destination, management practices, and the involvement of local communities.

Major Environmental Organizations of the World

Numerous organizations worldwide are dedicated to the conservation of natural vegetation and wildlife. Some prominent organizations actively working in this field:

World Wildlife Fund (WWF)

The WWF is one of the largest and most well-known conservation organizations globally.

It focuses on protecting the world’s most ecologically important regions and endangered species.

The WWF’s initiatives include habitat conservation, sustainable development, protection of wildlife, and combating climate change.

Conservation International (CI)

CI aims to safeguard biodiversity by promoting sustainable practices and protecting ecosystems.

It collaborates with local communities, governments, and businesses to implement conservation programs.

CI’s work includes protecting forests and marine habitats and addressing environmental challenges through science-based solutions.

The Nature Conservancy (TNC)

TNC is committed to conserving lands and waters on a large scale, emphasizing the protection of critical habitats.

It collaborates with governments, communities, and businesses to achieve lasting conservation outcomes.

TNC’s focus areas include forests, oceans, freshwater systems, and sustainable agriculture.

BirdLife International

BirdLife International is dedicated to the conservation of birds and their habitats worldwide.

It works through a network of partner organizations in over 100 countries, conducting research, advocacy, and habitat restoration.

BirdLife International’s efforts contribute to the preservation of ecosystems and the protection of threatened bird species.

International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)

The IUCN is a global organization that brings together governments, NGOs, and scientists to address conservation challenges.

It provides scientific expertise, assesses species’ conservation status, and promotes sustainable development practices.

The IUCN also maintains the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species , a comprehensive database of species at risk of extinction.

Rainforest Trust

Rainforest Trust focuses on protecting tropical rainforests and other threatened habitats worldwide.

It partners with local organizations and communities to establish protected areas and promote sustainable land use practices.

Rainforest Trust’s approach combines land acquisition, scientific research, and community engagement to ensure long-term conservation.

These organizations and many others play vital roles in advocating for protecting natural vegetation and wildlife. Through their efforts, they contribute to preserving biodiversity, mitigating habitat loss, promoting sustainable practices, and raising awareness about the importance of conservation.

Remember that these are just a few organizations. Numerous other organizations are working diligently to conserve these natural resources globally and locally.

Natural vegetation and wildlife conservation are of utmost importance for the well-being of our planet and future generations. The rich biodiversity and intricate ecosystems supported by natural vegetation play a vital role in maintaining a healthy environment.

From providing oxygen and sequestering carbon to preventing soil erosion and serving as a habitat for wildlife, natural vegetation is an integral part of the Earth’s ecological balance. However, these invaluable resources are under threat due to human activities and climate change.

We must take action and support conservation efforts to address this critical situation. We can make a difference by promoting sustainable practices, supporting organizations working toward conservation, and advocating for the protection of natural habitats.

Each of us has a role to play in preserving the beauty and diversity of our natural world. Together, let’s take a stand and ensure the conservation of vegetation and wildlife for a sustainable and thriving planet.

Our collective efforts today will secure a better future for generations to come.

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• Essay on Wildlife Conservation

500+ Words Essay on Wildlife Conservation

Going by the importance of climate change and associated topics are garnering importance worldwide, an essay on Wildlife Conservation for students in English is an expected topic in the English exams. To prepare well in advance Vedantu has brought this essay for you. It is written by experts having expertise in English. Enough data and content are brought to you so that you can recall maximum points in the exam. This will ensure you achieve amazing marks in the English examination.

Let’s Being with the Essay on Wildlife Conservation for Students in English

Like forests, wildlife consisting of animals, birds, insects, etc. living in the forest is a national resource, which not only helps in maintaining the ecological balance but is also beneficial for various economic activities that generate revenue from tourism. The rich flora and fauna also play a major role in maintaining the ecological balance of a region. There was a time when human needs were minimal and there was bare interference in the wildlife. There is no denying the fact that due to urbanization, pollution, and human interventions wildlife is rapidly disappearing from the planet.

Today the biodiversity of the world is threatened due to the extinction of species. There are thirty-five hotspots around the world, which supports 43% of birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians as endemic. The IUCN has compiled a list of species and has classified the different species under extinct, critically endangered, less endangered, vulnerable, near threatened, and least concerned. This list is called the Red Data Book. According to the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the number of birds, animals, marine and freshwater creatures has dropped by almost one-third of its earlier population.

Causes for Decline or Threat to Wildlife

One of the major reasons for the constant decline of wildlife is human’s ever-increasing demands and greed that have led to deforestation and habitat destruction. For development and urbanization, man has chopped down trees to build dams, highways, and towns and this has forced the animals to retreat further and further into the receding forests.

Rapid industrialization and urbanization due to the fast growth in population in recent decades have taken a heavy toll on wildlife. Global warming and extensive environmental pollution have largely threatened wildlife as they lead to habitat destruction and rising temperature.

There is a huge demand for animal fur, skin, meat, bone, etc. across the globe that has led to a decrease in the wildlife population. Poachers kill the animals for the illegal trading of their body parts. For example, elephants are massively poached for ivory, rhinoceros are poached in Assam for their horns. The desire to keep animals in captivity or their desire to consume certain animals as exotic food has resulted in the disappearance of many animal species such as tigers and deer.

Forest fires, food shortage, increase in the number of predators, extreme weather conditions and other extraneous reasons have led to the extinction and endangerment of many species. For instance, the recent forest fires in the Amazon (Brazil), Uttarakhand (India), Australia, etc. lead to the death of many animals every year. 

Many types of animals, birds, and fauna are needed to retain the ecological balance. They are considered necessary for scientific research and experiments that will benefit mankind.

Steps to Conserve Wildlife

The protection and conservation of wildlife is the need of the hour. Some conservation efforts which are widely implemented are given below:

Afforestation:

First and most importantly, humans need to have control over their needs. We need to prevent man from felling trees unnecessarily. Trees should be replanted if they are felled.

Pollution is one of the major causes that have led to the destruction of the habitat of animal species. Pollution of the environment like air pollution, water pollution, and soil pollution hurts the entire ecosystem. It has become of utmost importance to control environmental pollution.

More campaigns must be launched to raise awareness in humans on the need to keep our environment clean. A man should be responsible to maintain a healthy and balanced ecosystem so they should be cordial with the environment. More organizations like PETA should be set up to create awareness among people for the protection of wildlife.

Population:

The man should consciously put a check on the rapid growth of the population. The slow growth of population will decrease the rate of urbanization and that will have a major impact on the preservation of wildlife.

Wildlife Sanctuaries:

Wildlife sanctuaries should be made to ensure the protection of the areas of ecological significance. Under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 various provisions for protecting habitats of wildlife are made by constructing national parks and sanctuaries. These parks and sanctuaries ensure the protection and maintenance of endangered species.

Ban of Illegal Activities:

Illegal activities like hunting, poaching, and killing animals, birds, etc. for collections and illegal trade of hides, skins, nails, teeth, horns, feathers, etc. should be strictly prohibited and severe punishments and fines should be imposed on people who do these kinds of activities.

Community initiatives

Communities come together to take various conservation initiatives such as the establishment of community forests, raising their voice against illegal activities, creating awareness among the masses, raising voice for the rights of the animals, conserving animals of cultural significance, and many more. For example, members of the Bishnoi community of Rajasthan are very vocal against poaching activities in the region.    

Many countries have taken the initiative to help animals by proclaiming various birds and animals either as national animals or as protected species. In India, the government has launched a program of Joint Forest Management to protect the wildlife and their habitat. Under this program, responsibilities have been assigned to the village communities to protect and manage nearby forests and the wildlife in them.  Animal species have the right to live just like humans. Therefore, we should take every step to conserve them and ensure their survival and betterment.

Wildlife is an integral part of our planet. Wildlife plays a significant role in the ecology and the food chain. Disturbing their numbers or in extreme cases, extinction can have wide-ranging effects on ecology and humankind. Valuing and conserving forests and wildlife enhance the relation between man and nature. We want our future generation to be able to hear the lions roar and peacocks dancing with their extravagant feathers and not just see them in picture books. We must take steps today or else it will be too late and we should always remember 

“Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's needs, but not every man's greed.”

-Mahatma Gandhi

FAQs on Essay on Wildlife Conservation

1. How is Wildlife Important for Humankind?

Wildlife comprises animals, birds, insects, and aquatic life forms. They provide us with a number of products, such as milk, meat, hides, and wools. Insects like bees provide us, honey. They help in the pollination of flowers and have an important role to play as decomposers in the ecosystem. The birds act as decomposers by feeding on insects. Birds like vultures are known as scavengers and cleansers of the environment by feeding on dead livestock. Thus, wildlife helps in maintaining ecological balance.

2. Why Should we Conserve Biodiversity?

We should conserve biodiversity because it is very significant for all living organisms and for the environment. We must conserve biodiversity to save it from becoming extinct.

3. Why are Animals Poached?

The animals are hunted and poached for collection and illegal trade of skins, fur, horns, skins, and feathers.

4. Write Two Steps that the Government has Taken to Conserve Wildlife.

The two steps that the government has taken to conserve wildlife are:

In order to conserve wildlife, the government has established national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves.

Many awareness programs are launched by the government to create awareness of protecting wildlife.

5. What is the importance of essays on Wildlife Conservation for students in English?

Essay on Wildlife Conservation is a topic given to students because it serves many purposes and holds a lot of importance in the present times. Before starting the essay, students will do adequate research to get enough data about the topic. In the process, they will learn a lot about wildlife conservation. While writing this essay they will learn to empathize with the plight of the animals. Also, they will become better at expressing themselves in written words by writing an essay on this topic as it is a very sensitive topic. This essay will not just help them in fetching excellent marks but it will also sensitize them about the current happenings.

6. What message does an essay on Wildlife Conservation for students in English carry?

Essay on Wildlife Conservation for students in English carries a very significant message that emphasizes the importance of the conservation efforts taken and that are needed. The essay talks about the efforts which have already been taken and are under implementation and it also talks about what needs to be done in the future. It also talks about why we need to conserve wildlife and what significance it holds. Overall the central message of the essay is to conserve and protect the wildlife as much as we can.  

7. What important points should be covered while writing an essay on Wildlife Conservation for students in English?

As such there are no rigid pointers that you need to cover while writing an essay on Wildlife Conservation, but you may use the following pointers for reference:

Definition of wildlife conservation

Explain the reasons for conserving the wildlife with valid points

Efforts that are taken by international agencies. This should also include various treaties and protocols signed 

Mention the efforts that are taken by the Indian government. Talk about various laws and legislations present.

Mention various provisions on the local level

Talk about various popular civil movements such as efforts undertaken by the Bishnoi Community

What can you do as students to conserve wildlife? Give suggestions and examples.

8. What steps taken by the government should be mentioned in the essay on Wildlife Conservation?

The Indian government has undertaken various measures to conserve wildlife in the country. You can mention some of these in the essay on Wildlife Conservation:

Wildlife Conservation Act, 1972

Schedules involved and protections provided to the animals

Conservation efforts for particular animals like tigers, elephants, etc.

Formation of various protected areas such as National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere reserves, etc.

Awards and accolades received by India on various international forums

Various international treaties and agreements were signed by India. 

Mention names of international grouping dedicated to conservation efforts whose India is a part of

You may refer to Vedantu’s forum to get more information about steps to conserve wildlife. 

9. In how many words should one write an essay on Wildlife Conservation?

Word count for writing an essay on Wildlife Conservation for students in English can vary depending on which standard the student is studying in. it can range from 300 words to 800 words. Accordingly, the level of writing and richness of the content should vary. You can refer to Vedantu’s guide on essays for further understanding the demand of any given topic. If the essay is being written by a student studying in class 10 then the essay should be data and opinion-driven. It should reflect the ideas and thoughts of the student that are substantiated with authentic data and valid reasons.

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Wildlife Conservation Essay

The phrase "wildlife conservation" serves as a reminder to protect the resources that nature has given us as a gift. Animals that have not been domesticated or tamed are represented by wildlife. They are the only wild animals that live in a natural environment. Here are a few sample essays on the topic ‘wildlife conservation’.

100 Words Essay On Wildlife Conservation

Animals, plants, and their habitats are preserved and protected through wildlife conservation. Similar to forests, wildlife is a national resource that contributes to ecological balance and is also valuable from an economic, recreational, and aesthetic standpoint. There was a time when there was no human intervention, there were a lot of wild animals, and there was no issue with protecting or conserving them.

However, as agriculture, settlement, industry, and other developmental activities increased, as well as largely as a result of human greed, the number of wild animals rapidly decreased. As a result, a number of animal species have already gone extinct, and a number more are in danger of doing so. In order to preserve the environment and life on Earth, it is essential that we concentrate on wildlife conservation.

200 Words Essay On Wildlife Conservation

Need for wildlife conservation.

The need for wildlife conservation results from how human beings are altering lifestyles and advancing ways of living. The massive clearing of trees and forests is causing the habitats of wildlife to be destroyed. The mass extinction of wildlife species is the result of human beings' careless actions. Poaching and hunting are illegal activities; no animal may be killed for recreational purposes.

Wild animals and plants crucially maintain the ecological balance. They have to be considered necessary. The threat to wildlife comes from a variety of sources. Significant factors contributing to the decline of animals include rising pollution, climatic changes, resource overuse, irregular hunting and poaching, habitat degradation, etc. The government has created and modified a large number of laws and regulations aimed at protecting animals.

As we know, deforestation is a huge problem when we speak of wildlife conservation. Trees and forests are home to numerous animals and birds. Thus we need to plant more trees and stop cutting them as well. My school has recently decided to plant trees near our school area, which is empty. This might be a small initiative, but we need to have more afforestation so that it can have a significant impact and help us conserve wildlife.

500 Words Essay On Wildlife Conservation

Like trees and animals, wildlife is a domestic resource that helps maintain the natural balance and has aesthetic, recreational, and economic advantages. When humans were not present, there were numerous wild animals and little concern for their protection or conservation.

Importance Of Wildlife Conservation

The wildlife in our ecosystem is a crucial component. Here are a few justifications for protecting wildlife:

Wild plants provide one-third of the world's pharmaceutical needs regarding medicinal value. For medical science and technology research, forests offer a wealth of opportunities. Additionally, it gives an excellent opportunity to produce therapeutic drugs on a vast scale.

Maintains the health of our environment by assisting with global temperature regulation. Additionally, it aids in preventing the greenhouse effect and halting sea level rise.

Helps to maintain ecological harmony - In this regard, the interdependence of plants and animals is crucial.

Forests are important economically because they provide raw materials that support the nation's economic development and raise living standards.

Causes Of Wildlife Depletion

Habitat Loss - The intentional destruction of forests and agricultural land for numerous construction projects, roads, and dams significantly reduce the habitat for various species of creatures and plants. Animals are deprived of their habitat by these practices. As a result, they either need to find a new environment or go extinct.

Overexploitation of Resources - Although resources should be used wisely, they are overused when they are used unnaturally. The usage will contribute to species extinction.

Hunting and poaching - These activities are terrible since they include trapping and killing animals for sport or to gain a particular item. Ivory, skin, horn, and other valuable animal goods are a few examples. They are collected by hunting and killing the animals after extracting the product or holding them captive. As a result, there are more and more mass extinctions; the musk deer is one example.

Using Animals for Research - Many animals are used in research labs of academic institutions to assess outcomes. The mass extinction of the species is the effect of taking in such a significant number of them.

Pollution - Unwanted changes in the environment's condition lead to a polluted one—likewise, air, water, and soil pollution. However, the decline in the diversity of animal and plant species can be directly attributed to changes in the air, water, and soil quality.

Impact on Marine Biodiversity - Contaminated water significantly impacts marine biodiversity because the pollutants disrupt the marine biota's ability to function. The contaminants and temperature variations have a significant impact on the coral reef.

My Contribution

The organisation under which I work is building some zoos. In these zoos, we will keep the endangered and rare animals near the forest area in our locality. They will be safe and can be taken care of in this manner. Poaching is another reason for the depletion of wildlife. These zoos will also ensure that these endangered species are not killed and can safely continue their race. I am very proud of my organisation and encourage other organisations and the government to take specific steps for the safety of these animals so they can live peacefully.

Explore Career Options (By Industry)

• Construction
• Entertainment
• Manufacturing
• Information Technology

Data Administrator

Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.

Bio Medical Engineer

The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary. 

Ethical Hacker

A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.

GIS officer work on various GIS software to conduct a study and gather spatial and non-spatial information. GIS experts update the GIS data and maintain it. The databases include aerial or satellite imagery, latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates, and manually digitized images of maps. In a career as GIS expert, one is responsible for creating online and mobile maps.

Data Analyst

The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

Geothermal Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.

Database Architect

If you are intrigued by the programming world and are interested in developing communications networks then a career as database architect may be a good option for you. Data architect roles and responsibilities include building design models for data communication networks. Wide Area Networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), and intranets are included in the database networks. It is expected that database architects will have in-depth knowledge of a company's business to develop a network to fulfil the requirements of the organisation. Stay tuned as we look at the larger picture and give you more information on what is db architecture, why you should pursue database architecture, what to expect from such a degree and what your job opportunities will be after graduation. Here, we will be discussing how to become a data architect. Students can visit NIT Trichy , IIT Kharagpur , JMI New Delhi . 

Remote Sensing Technician

Individuals who opt for a career as a remote sensing technician possess unique personalities. Remote sensing analysts seem to be rational human beings, they are strong, independent, persistent, sincere, realistic and resourceful. Some of them are analytical as well, which means they are intelligent, introspective and inquisitive. 

Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.

Budget Analyst

Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.

Underwriter

An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

Finance Executive

Product manager.

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

Operations Manager

Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

Stock Analyst

Individuals who opt for a career as a stock analyst examine the company's investments makes decisions and keep track of financial securities. The nature of such investments will differ from one business to the next. Individuals in the stock analyst career use data mining to forecast a company's profits and revenues, advise clients on whether to buy or sell, participate in seminars, and discussing financial matters with executives and evaluate annual reports.

A Researcher is a professional who is responsible for collecting data and information by reviewing the literature and conducting experiments and surveys. He or she uses various methodological processes to provide accurate data and information that is utilised by academicians and other industry professionals. Here, we will discuss what is a researcher, the researcher's salary, types of researchers.

Welding Engineer

Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues. 

Transportation Planner

A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

Environmental Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems. 

Safety Manager

A Safety Manager is a professional responsible for employee’s safety at work. He or she plans, implements and oversees the company’s employee safety. A Safety Manager ensures compliance and adherence to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) guidelines.

Conservation Architect

A Conservation Architect is a professional responsible for conserving and restoring buildings or monuments having a historic value. He or she applies techniques to document and stabilise the object’s state without any further damage. A Conservation Architect restores the monuments and heritage buildings to bring them back to their original state.

Structural Engineer

A Structural Engineer designs buildings, bridges, and other related structures. He or she analyzes the structures and makes sure the structures are strong enough to be used by the people. A career as a Structural Engineer requires working in the construction process. It comes under the civil engineering discipline. A Structure Engineer creates structural models with the help of computer-aided design software. 

Highway Engineer

Highway Engineer Job Description:  A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.

Field Surveyor

Are you searching for a Field Surveyor Job Description? A Field Surveyor is a professional responsible for conducting field surveys for various places or geographical conditions. He or she collects the required data and information as per the instructions given by senior officials. 

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

Pathologist

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Veterinary Doctor

Speech therapist, gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth. 

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Are you searching for an ‘Anatomist job description’? An Anatomist is a research professional who applies the laws of biological science to determine the ability of bodies of various living organisms including animals and humans to regenerate the damaged or destroyed organs. If you want to know what does an anatomist do, then read the entire article, where we will answer all your questions.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Photographer

Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.

An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story. 

They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. 

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article. 

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Individuals who opt for a career as a reporter may often be at work on national holidays and festivities. He or she pitches various story ideas and covers news stories in risky situations. Students can pursue a BMC (Bachelor of Mass Communication) , B.M.M. (Bachelor of Mass Media) , or  MAJMC (MA in Journalism and Mass Communication) to become a reporter. While we sit at home reporters travel to locations to collect information that carries a news value.  

Corporate Executive

Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.

Multimedia Specialist

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans. 

Process Development Engineer

The Process Development Engineers design, implement, manufacture, mine, and other production systems using technical knowledge and expertise in the industry. They use computer modeling software to test technologies and machinery. An individual who is opting career as Process Development Engineer is responsible for developing cost-effective and efficient processes. They also monitor the production process and ensure it functions smoothly and efficiently.

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party. 

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems. 

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

Information Security Manager

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

ITSM Manager

Automation test engineer.

An Automation Test Engineer job involves executing automated test scripts. He or she identifies the project’s problems and troubleshoots them. The role involves documenting the defect using management tools. He or she works with the application team in order to resolve any issues arising during the testing process. 

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• IAS Preparation
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• Natural Vegetation and Wildlife UPSC Geography

Natural Vegetation and Wildlife [Indian Geography]

Indian geography is an essential part of the UPSC syllabus. The natural vegetation and wildlife of India are important both from the prelims as well as from the mains perspectives. In this article, you can read all about the natural vegetation and wildlife of the country including the types of vegetation, the fauna of India, biosphere reserves, etc. all of which are important for the geography as well as the environment & ecology segments of the IAS exam .

Natural Vegetation

Natural vegetation refers to a plant community that has grown naturally without any human intervention and has been left undisturbed by humans for a long time. This is also known as “virgin vegetation”.

• According to paleo-botanists, most of the Himalayan and peninsular areas are covered with indigenous or endemic flora, while the Indo-Gangetic Plains and the Thar desert contain plant species that have come from outside India (exotic).
• India has a great variety of natural vegetation. India occupies tenth place in the world and fourth in Asia in plant diversity. Depending upon the variations in the climate and the soil, the vegetation of India changes from one region to another. Himalayan heights are marked with temperate vegetation; the Western Ghats and the Andaman and Nicobar islands have tropical rainforests; the deltaic regions have tropical forests and mangroves; the arid and semi-arid areas of Rajasthan are famous for cacti, thorny vegetation and a variety of bushes.
• The largest forest area lies in Peninsular India accounting for 57% of the total forest area. The Himalayan region has the second largest forest area having about 12.5% of the forest area of the country. The Eastern and the Western Ghats have 10% each, while the Gangetic plains have only 5% of the total forest area of the country. The total forest cover of India (2021) is 21.71% of the total geographical area of the country.
• Indian forests have been divided into the following groups based on certain common features such as predominant vegetation type and climatic regions:
• Tropical Evergreen and Semi-Evergreen forests

Tropical Deciduous forests

• Tropical Thorn forests
• Montane forests
• Littoral and Swamp forests

Tropical Evergreen and Semi-Evergreen Forests

These forests are mainly found in the western slope of the Western Ghats , the Andaman and Nicobar islands and hills of north-east India.

• These forests are found in warm and humid regions with an annual rainfall of over 200 cm and a mean annual temperature above 22℃.
• The forests are dense, composed of tall trees (60 m or even above). Since the region is warm and wet throughout the year, it has luxuriant vegetation of all kinds – trees, shrubs and creepers giving it a multi-layered structure. These trees do not shed their leaves annually and hence are evergreen.
• Some of the commercially important trees of this forest are ebony, mahogany, rubber, rosewood, etc.
• The semi-evergreen forests are found in the less rainy parts of these regions. These forests have a mixture of evergreen and moist deciduous trees. The main species of these forests are Kail, hollock and white cedar.
• The common animals found in these forests are elephants , lemurs, monkeys and deer. One-horned rhinoceros are found in the forests of Assam and West Bengal. Plenty of birds, sloths, bats, scorpions and snails are found in these forests.

These are the typical monsoon forests with teak ( Tectona grandis ) and sal ( Shorea robusta ) as the dominant species. They form natural vegetation all over the country where average rainfall ranges between 70 – 200 cm. On the basis of the availability of water, these forests are further classified into moist and dry deciduous forests.

• The moist deciduous forests – These forests are found in the regions where annual rainfall ranges between 100 – 200 cm, in the north-eastern states along the foothills of Himalayas, eastern slopes of the Western Ghats and Odisha. The main species of these forests are teak, sal, shisham, amal, Semul, kusum, mahua and sandalwood.
• The dry deciduous forests – These forests are found in the regions where annual rainfall ranges between 70 – 100 cm. These are found in the rainier regions of the Peninsula and the plains of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. In the dry season, the trees shed their leaves completely and the forest appears like a vast grassland with naked trees all around. The main species of these forests are palas, amaltas, bel, khair, tendu and axlewood. In western and southern parts of Rajasthan vegetation cover is very small due to less rainfall and overgrazing.

Tropical Thorn Forests

These forests are found in the regions where the average annual rainfall is less than 50 cm. These forests are found in semi-arid regions of south-west Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. The plants remain leafless for most of the year.

• The important trees of these forests are babool, ber, neem, khejri, wild date palm, etc. Tussocky grass grows up to a height of 2 m as the undergrowth.

Montane Forests

With the increasing altitude, the decrease in temperature leads to corresponding changes in the vegetation. Mountain forests have been classified into two types – the northern mountain forests and the southern mountain forests.

• The Himalayan ranges show a change in vegetation with the change in altitude – from the tropical to the tundra.
• At the foothills of the Himalayas, deciduous forests are dominant. It is succeeded by the wet temperate type of forests at a height of 1000 – 2000 m. In the higher hill ranges of north-eastern India, hilly areas of West Bengal and Uttarakhand, evergreen broadleaf trees such as oak and chestnut are predominant. Between 1500 – 1750 m, pine forests are also well developed in this zone with Chir Pine as a very useful commercial tree.
• In the western ranges of the Himalayas, deodar, a highly valued endemic species, grows which is used for construction purposes as its wood is highly durable. Chinar and walnut also occur in this zone. Spruce and blue pine occur at altitudes of 2225 – 3048 m. In this zone, temperate grasslands are also found.
• At higher altitudes, more than 3600 m above sea level, temperate forests and grasslands give way to Alpine vegetation. Silver fir, junipers, rhododendrons, birches and pine are the common trees of these forests. At even higher altitudes, mosses and lichens form part of tundra vegetation.
• The common animals found in these forests are Kashmir stag, spotted deer, wild sheep, Tibetan antelope, rare red panda, squirrels, snow leopards , bears, and sheep and goats with thick hair.
• These include forests found in three distinct regions of Peninsular India – the Western Ghats, the Vindhyas and the Nilgiris. The vegetation in these forests is temperate in higher regions and subtropical in the lower areas of Western Ghats (especially Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala). The temperate forests are called “Sholas” in the Nilgiris, Anaimalai and Palani hills.
• The trees of economic importance in these forests include cinchona, laurel, magnolia and wattle.

Littoral and Swamp Forests

Our country has a rich variety of wetland habitats and about 70% are under paddy cultivation. India’s wetlands have been classified into eight groups:

• The reservoirs of the Deccan plateau in the south and the lagoon and other wetlands of the southern west coast.
• The vast saline expanses of Rajasthan, Gujarat and the Gulf of Kachchh.
• Freshwater lakes and reservoirs from Gujarat eastwards through Rajasthan (Keoladeo National Park) and Madhya Pradesh.
• The delta wetlands and lagoons of India’s east coast ( Chilika lake ).
• The freshwater marshes of the Gangetic Plains.
• The floodplains of the Brahmaputra, the marshes and the swamps in the hills of north-east India and the Himalayan foothills.
• The lakes and rivers of the montane region of Kashmir and Ladakh.
• The mangrove tidal forests are found in the areas of coasts influenced by tides.
• They consist of a number of salt-tolerant species of plants.
• The mangrove forests are highly developed in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the Sunderbans of West Bengal.
• The Royal Bengal Tiger is a famous animal in the Sunderbans. Turtles, crocodiles, gharials and snakes are also found in these forests.
• The deltas of the Ganga, Mahanadi, Krishna, Godavari and Kaveri are covered by such vegetation.

Wildlife of India

India is rich in its flora as well as fauna. India has about 90,000 animal species and approximately 2,000 species of birds which constitute 13% of the world’s total. 2,546 species of fish are found in India which is nearly 12% of the world’s stock.

• The most majestic animal, the elephant, is found in the hot wet forests of Kerala, Karnataka and Assam. The one-horned rhinoceros belongs to the swampy and marshy lands of Assam and West Bengal. The Thar desert and Rann of Kachchh are known for camels and wild asses respectively. Nilgai (blue bull), Indian bison, chousingha (four-horned antelope), gazel and different species of deer and monkeys are also found in India. The natural habitat of the Indian lion is the Gir forest in Gujarat. India is the only country in the world having both lions and tigers.
• The shaggy horned wild ox weighing about one tonne, yak, the bharal (blue sheep) and the Tibetan wild ass (kiang) are the animals found in Ladakh. The ibex, bear, snow leopard and rare red panda are also found in certain pockets of the Himalayan region.
• Turtles, gharials and crocodiles are found in the rivers, lakes and coastal areas of India.
• India also provides a habitat for colourful birds – peacocks, ducks, parakeets, cranes and pigeons.
• The Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 to provide a legal framework for the conservation and protection of wildlife in India.
• In India, there are 103 national parks and 535 wildlife sanctuaries.
• Special measures have been initiated by the Government of India in collaboration with UNESCO’s “Man and Biosphere Programme” for the conservation of flora and fauna in the country.
• Project Tiger was launched in 1973 to protect Tigers in India. It was the first of its kind project to maintain the population of tigers in India and to protect them from poaching and other threats. Initially, Project Tiger was launched in 9 tiger reserves which was later increased to 44 tiger reserves (in 17 states).
• Project Elephant was launched in 1992 and it aims to ensure the long term survival of the population of elephants in their natural habitats by protecting them, their habitats and migration corridors. The project is being implemented in 17 states.
• The other projects launched by GoI include Project Hangul, crocodile Breeding Project and conservation of Himalayan Musk deer.

Know more on Project Elephant and get a list of elephant reserves in India in the link.

Biosphere Reserves

Biosphere reserves are areas of terrestrial and coastal ecosystems which are internationally recognised within the framework of UNESCO’s “Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme”. These reserves are required to meet a minimal set of criteria and adhere to a minimal set of conditions before being admitted to the World Network of Biosphere Reserves designated by UNESCO. These reserves are rich in biological and cultural diversity. The Biosphere Reserves aim to achieve the following objectives:

• To conserve biological and cultural diversity and integrity of plants, animals, birds, reptiles and micro-organisms (ecosystem).
• To promote research on ecological conservation and other environmental aspects, and
• To promote facilities for education, research, awareness and training.

The Biosphere Reserves Programme was initiated in India in 1986 and till date, 18 sites have been designated as Biosphere Reserves (BR) in different parts of the country. Out of the 18 Biosphere Reserves, 10 have been included in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves by UNESCO.

(Sites with bold letters have been included in the World Network of BR’s UNESCO)

Know more on biosphere reserves in India in the link.

Ramsar Convention

The convention on wetlands is called the “Ramsar Convention”. It is named after the city of Ramsar in Iran, where the convention was signed on 2nd February 1971. World Wetlands Day is celebrated on 2nd February every year to commemorate this.

The Ramsar Convention is an intergovernmental treaty that embodies the commitment of its member countries to maintain the ecological character of their wetlands of international importance and to plan for their sustainable use.

• The Ramsar Convention works closely with six other organisations known as Internal Organisation Partners (IOPs) – International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ), International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Wetlands International, WWF International, Birdlife International and, Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust (WWT).
• Currently, there are 171 Contracting Parties to the convention, with 2414 wetland sites. The world’s first Ramsar site was the Cobourg Peninsula in Australia, designated in 1974.
• India became a party to the Ramsar Convention on 1st February 1982. India currently has 49 sites designated as wetlands of international importance.

Get a list of the Ramsar Sites in India in the link.

Natural Vegetation and Wildlife [Indian Geography]:- Download PDF Here

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• Natural Vegetation and Wildlife of India and the World

Have you noticed that the plants and animals everywhere are not the same? Some are large leafy green trees, and some are thorny bushes. In the same way, even animals differ from each other depending upon their habitat and other natural factors surrounding them. They have basically adapted to their natural environment around them, so they can survive. This is basically what we mean by natural Vegetation and wildlife in India .

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Natural vegetation.

Natural vegetation refers to the plant life (flora) that grows in a region according to the climatic conditions and other such factors prevailing in that region. In general, there are about five broad varieties of natural vegetation in the world. Let us take a quick look.

Browse more Topics under Resources Of India And World

• Agriculture of India and World
• Animal Husbandry and Fishery
• Industries of India and World
• Soils of India and World
• Transport and Communication of India and World

Types of Vegetation in the World

• Forests : A forest is a dense area with a lot of trees, so much that they shade the ground below them. But not all forests are same. The trees in the forest largely depend on the climatic conditions of the region. And the forests are generally classified by the kind of trees found in them. Some examples are Evergreen Forests, Temperate Forest, Mixed Forest Rain forests etc
• Grasslands : The name here is self-explanatory. These are flat regions that extend miles, and the primary form of vegetation here is grass. Here also there are types such as temperate grasslands, savannas etc. The Savannas of Africa are the most famous ones. Grasslands are the important source of weeds and crops such as oats which are cattle fodder.
• Desert : As you can imagine due to the dry and arid conditions there is not a lot of vegetation in deserts. The soil too mostly consists of sand and gravel. So the plants that grow in these regions have adapted to such conditions. They have long roots and stems that can store water . Cactus is the most valid example of such vegetation.
• Tundra : This type of vegetation is found in the coldest regions of our planet like the Arctic region. Vegetation is limited to some shrubs and few patches of grass, but mostly moss is found in such regions. There is also permafrost in this region, which is permanently frozen soil-like substance.
• Ice Sheets : Now this is interesting because these are regions absolutely devoid of any form of vegetation. There are only two such places on earth, i.e. Antarctica and Greenland.

Learn more about  Deforestation here in detail 

Vegetation in India

India has a very diverse geography. Due to being in two separate temperature zones, and a very varied landscape it also has a large variety of its natural vegetation. Let us take a look at the different types of vegetation we can find in India and the regions where.

• Tropical Evergreen Rainforests: These grow in regions that receive an excess of 200 cm of rainfall. Here the trees never shed their leaves, hence are known as evergreen. These are dense forests found in Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Assam etc
• Deciduous Forest: These grow in regions with moderate rainfall. The trees will shed their leaves in autumn or the dry season. The trees are usually very valuable as timber. These forests are found in Maharashtra, Bihar, Orissa and some regions of the Himalayas too
• Desert Vegetation: This is the sparse vegetation found in the regions of Thar desert. It mostly consists of bushes, acacia, cacti and date trees. It is found in the arid and semi-arid regions of Rajasthan, Gujarat and some regions of Punjab.
• Mountain Forests: These are found in the foothills of the Himalayas. The vegetation keeps changing according to the altitude. At the base you will find evergreen tall trees such as bamboo and teak, As you go higher there are conifer trees like the pine. And after a point its just grasslands and moss.

Wildlife  in India

The animals that live in a specific region are what we call the wildlife of the region. Just as vegetation is the flora, wildlife is the fauna of a region. Animals can be found in every time of vegetation and are usually isolated from any human contact. It includes all the animals, birds, insects etc of the region.

The diversity of wildlife in the world is unimaginably large. There are said to be about 1 to 2 million species of animals on the planet! And India in particular boasts of an incredible wildlife presence.

(Source: Pixabay)

Our national animal the tiger is one such rare animal found in India. In fact, the Bengal tiger can be found nowhere else on earth. We also have the Asiatic Lion, the only species of lions found outside Africa. It is home to many such exotic animals such as the Indian Elephant, the rhinoceroses and the leopard.

To preserve these amazing animals and their natural habitats, we have many conservatories, national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. In recent times to bring down illegal hunting and poaching the government has passed some very strict laws as well.

Solved Examples for You

Question: What are some famous wildlife sanctuaries in India?

Solution: India boasts of some of the most beautiful and diverse wildlife sanctuaries in the world.  Among them, the oldest and by far the most famous is the Corbett National Park in Uttrakhand. It was established to protect the endangered Bengal Tigers from hunters and poachers.

Another important sanctuary is the Ranthambore National Park in Rajasthan. Other than tigers, leopards, hyenas and the wild boar can also be found here. And then there is the Bandipur National Park famous for the elephants that stay there.

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3 responses to “Natural Vegetation and Wildlife of India and the World”

which state has maximum forest cover area

if you ask which state has maximum forest cover area percentage then its Mizoram (86.27%). Hope this helps. PLEASE reply by email.

madhya pradesh

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Natural Vegetation in India

Last updated on October 10, 2023 by ClearIAS Team

Natural vegetation is defined as any plant or tree that grows on its own, unaided by humans. These are known as virgin vegetation.

Natural vegetation in India plays an important role in preserving a country’s biodiversity by providing habitat for wildlife and serving as a major source of energy for many species in an ecosystem.

The kind of native vegetation that grows in a particular area depends on a variety of factors, including relief, rainfall, temperature, climate, sunlight intensity, etc. Since different regions of the country experience different climatic conditions, the type of natural vegetation in India varies from place to place.

Table of Contents

What is Natural vegetation?

Natural vegetation refers to the plant life that grows in an area without the influence of human activity. It includes all types of plants, including trees, shrubs, grasses, and herbs, that grow naturally in a particular region or ecosystem.

Natural vegetation is shaped by the climate, geology, and other physical features of an area, as well as the presence of other organisms such as animals and insects. It is an important part of the natural environment and plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem.

What are the different types?

There are many different types of natural vegetation, and they can be classified in various ways. One way to classify natural vegetation is by the dominant plant life that is found in a particular area. Some common types of natural vegetation include:

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• Grasslands: These are areas with grasses as the dominant plant life. Grasslands can be divided into savannas, steppes, and prairies, depending on the climate and other environmental factors. Grasslands are areas with grasses as the dominant plant life. They can be divided into savannas, steppes, and prairies, depending on the climate and other environmental factors. Savannas are found in tropical regions and have a mix of grasses and scattered trees. Steppes are found in dry, cold regions and are characterized by short grasses and scattered shrubs. Prairies are found in temperate regions and have tall grasses and a mix of wildflowers.
• Deserts: These are arid regions with very little rainfall and sparse vegetation. The plants that do grow in deserts are adapted to survive in extreme conditions, such as high temperatures and lack of water. Deserts are arid regions with very little rainfall and sparse vegetation. They are characterized by high temperatures, low humidity, and infrequent rainfall. The plants that grow in deserts are adapted to survive in these extreme conditions, such as cacti, which have thick, fleshy stems that store water, and mesquite trees, which have deep root systems to tap into underground water sources.
• Tundra: India does not have any tundra regions. This is a cold, treeless region found in the Arctic and on high mountain slopes. Tundra is characterized by short, hardy vegetation such as mosses, lichens, and low-growing shrubs. Tundra is a cold, treeless region found in the Arctic and on high mountain slopes. It is characterized by short, hardy vegetation such as mosses, lichens, and low-growing shrubs. The soil in tundra regions is permanently frozen, so plants must be able to survive long, harsh winters.
• Wetlands: These are areas with water-logged soil, such as marshes, swamps, and bogs. Wetlands support a diverse range of plant life, including grasses, reeds, and sedges. Wetlands are areas with water-logged soil, such as marshes, swamps, and bogs. They support a diverse range of plant life, including grasses, reeds, and sedges. Wetlands are important habitats for a variety of animals, including birds, amphibians, and fish. They also play a role in water filtration and flood control.

There are many other types of natural vegetation in India, and the classification of these types can vary depending on the criteria used.

Types of forest natural vegetation in India

• Tropical Evergreen Rain Forests: These forests are found in tropical regions with high rainfall and are characterized by tall, dense trees that form a canopy. They have a high diversity of plant and animal life and are home to many endangered species.
• Deciduous or Monsoon Type of Forests: These forests are found in areas with a distinct dry season and are characterized by deciduous trees that shed their leaves during the dry season. They are found in tropical and subtropical regions and are adapted to seasonal changes in rainfall.
• Dry Deciduous Forests: These forests are found in dry, tropical regions and are characterized by deciduous trees that have adapted to the dry conditions by developing deep root systems and thick bark.
• Mountain Forests: These forests are found on mountains and are characterized by a variety of tree species that are adapted to the cool, moist climate and steep slopes. They can be found at different elevations, depending on the climate and other environmental conditions.
• Tidal or Mangrove Forests: These forests are found in tropical and subtropical coastal regions and are characterized by mangrove trees that are adapted to the salty, tidal conditions. They provide important habitats for a variety of animals and play a role in protecting coastlines from erosion.
• Semi-Desert and Desert Vegetations: These are arid regions with sparse vegetation that is adapted to dry conditions. Semi-desert regions have slightly higher rainfall than desert regions and support a wider range of plant life. Deserts are characterized by low rainfall and high temperatures, and the plants that grow there are adapted to survive in these extreme conditions.

Read more about this topic Types of forests .

Types of grassland natural vegetation in India

Grasslands are areas with grasses as the dominant plant life. There are several different types of grasslands, including:

• Savannas: Savannas are found in tropical regions and have a mix of grasses and scattered trees. They are characterized by long dry seasons and short, wet seasons, and the grasses are adapted to survive the dry periods by going dormant.
• Steppes: Steppes are found in dry, cold regions and are characterized by short grasses and scattered shrubs. They are found in parts of Asia, Europe, and South America.
• Prairies: Prairies are found in temperate regions and have tall grasses and a mix of wildflowers. They are found in parts of North America, South America, and Asia.
• Pampas: Pampas are found in South America and are characterized by tall grasses and scattered shrubs. They are found in parts of Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil.
• Velds: Velds are found in southern Africa and are characterized by grasses and scattered trees. They are divided into different types depending on the specific grasses and trees that dominate the area.

Grasslands are important habitats for a variety of animals and support a range of human activities, such as farming and ranching. They also play a role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen.

Types of Wetlands Natural Vegetation in India

India has many different types of wetlands, including:

• Marshes: Marshes are found in areas with shallow water and soft, wet soil. They are typically found along the edges of lakes, streams, and rivers and support a variety of plant life, including grasses, reeds, and cattails.
• Swamps: Swamps are found in areas with deep water and dense vegetation. They are typically found in low-lying areas and are characterized by trees such as cypress and gum.
• Bogs: Bogs are found in areas with deep, wet soil that is rich in peat. They are typically found in cool, northern regions and are characterized by spongy, acidic soil and plants such as sphagnum moss, cranberries, and sundews.
• Fens: Fens are found in areas with alkaline soil and plants such as sedges, rushes, and wildflowers. They are typically found in cooler climates and are fed by groundwater.
• Wet meadows: Wet meadows are found in areas with wet soil grasses and wildflowers. They are typically found in cool, temperate regions and are often used for hay production.

India is home to many other types of wetlands, including mangrove forests, tidal flats , and estuaries. Wetlands are important habitats for a variety of plants and animals, and they also play a role in water filtration and flood control. They are often threatened by human activities, such as development and pollution, and many wetland areas are protected by law.

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India is a country with a diverse range of natural vegetation, including forests, grasslands, deserts, wetlands, and other ecosystems. These ecosystems are shaped by the country’s climate, geology, and other physical features, and they support a wide variety of plant and animal life.

Natural vegetation in India plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem and providing important ecosystem services, such as water filtration and flood control. However, many of India’s natural vegetation areas are threatened by human activities, such as development and pollution, and it is important to protect and conserve these areas for the benefit of future generations.

Article written by: Remya

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Essays about: "natural vegetation and wildlife"

Showing result 1 - 5 of 17 essays containing the words natural vegetation and wildlife .

1. Influence of surface water availability on the distribution of White Rhinoceros in central Greater Kruger

Author : Julie Mauguiere ; [2022] Keywords : White Rhinoceros ; Ceratotherium simum ; water provisioning ; artificial water ; ecological processes ; habitat selection ; spatial ecology ; landscape use ; KNP ; APNR ; SAWC ;

Abstract : The population of white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) is now declining in the Kruger National Park (KNP) in South Africa due to the intense poaching crisis ongoing since the early 2000s. The need for an efficient conservation effort has never been greater and requires a better understanding of white rhinoceros distribution in the landscape. READ MORE

2. Hur nederbörd kan inverka på aktivitetsmönster och boskapspredation hos lejon (Panthera leo)

Author : Emma Berglund ; [2022] Keywords : jaktlycka ; lejon ; Panthera leo ; nederbörd ; regn ; aktivitetsmönster ; predation ; viltkonflikt ; bytesdjur ; boskap ; vegetation ;

Abstract : African lions (Panthera Leo) are classified as vulnerable according to the International Union for Conservation. The presence of predators as lion, is crucial for a functioning ecosystem worldwide, which makes the decline a serious problem. Wildlife conflicts between people and lions are a major threat for the lion population. READ MORE

3. Planning future forests for energy, environment and wildlife : Evaluation of forest management scenarios using a forest landscape model in Sweden

Author : Sigvard Bast ; [2022] Keywords : Forest landscape model ; Biomass succession simulation ; Carbon stock change ; Habitat indicators ; Scenario analysis ; Integrated sustainability assessment ;

Abstract : Comparing the future state of natural capital and ecosystem services with quantitative scenarios  is essential in the decision-making process for a sustainable management of forest landscapes. In Sweden, an intensified forest management will likely be necessary to meet future demands of woody biomass as a source of bioenergy and building materials. READ MORE

4. Could horse grazing be used to restore abandoned fields? : a comparison of the vegetation between horse pastures and abandoned fields, and an inventory of the effects of grazing- history and intensity

Author : Jantien Vogel ; [2022] Keywords : abandoned field ; grazing ; horse pasture ; functional traits ; species richness ; vegetation ;

Abstract : Semi-natural fields, created by traditional land-use systems like low-intensity cattle grazing, have high ecological value due to the occurrence of numerous plant species, and their associated faunal communities. In Sweden, this habitat is threatened by both land-abandonment and agricultural intensification. READ MORE

5. Influence of garden structure and surrounding landscape on the presence of wildlife in Umeå

Author : Amanda Andersson ; [2021] Keywords : urban ; habitat selection ; urban wildlife ; garden ; citizen science ; Vulpes vulpes ; Pica pica ; wildlife gardening ; wildlife friendly features ; vegetation structure ; greenspace ;

Abstract : Around the world cities are growing. Expansion and densification often take place at the expense of urban greenspace, the most common habitat for urban wildlife. Even though gardens take up a significant amount of the city's green space, there are no general guidelines on how to manage garden to support local wildlife. READ MORE

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