example of reflection in creative writing

What Is Reflective Writing? (Explained W/ 20+ Examples)

I’ll admit, reflecting on my experiences used to seem pointless—now, I can’t imagine my routine without it.

What is reflective writing?

Reflective writing is a personal exploration of experiences, analyzing thoughts, feelings, and learnings to gain insights. It involves critical thinking, deep analysis, and focuses on personal growth through structured reflection on past events.

In this guide, you’ll learn everything you need to know about reflective writing — with lots of examples.

What Is Reflective Writing (Long Description)?

Table of Contents

Reflective writing is a method used to examine and understand personal experiences more deeply.

This kind of writing goes beyond mere description of events or tasks.

Instead, it involves looking back on these experiences, analyzing them, and learning from them.

It’s a process that encourages you to think critically about your actions, decisions, emotions, and responses.

By reflecting on your experiences, you can identify areas for improvement, make connections between theory and practice, and enhance your personal and professional development. Reflective writing is introspective, but it should also be analytical and critical.

It’s not just about what happened.

It’s about why it happened, how it affected you, and what you can learn from it.

This type of writing is commonly used in education, professional development, and personal growth, offering a way for individuals to gain insights into their personal experiences and behaviors.

Types of Reflective Writing

Reflective writing can take many forms, each serving different purposes and providing various insights into the writer’s experiences.

Here are ten types of reflective writing, each with a unique focus and approach.

Journaling – The Daily Reflection

Journaling is a type of reflective writing that involves keeping a daily or regular record of experiences, thoughts, and feelings.

It’s a private space where you can freely express yourself and reflect on your day-to-day life.

Example: Today, I realized that the more I try to control outcomes, the less control I feel. Letting go isn’t about giving up; it’s about understanding that some things are beyond my grasp.

Example: Reflecting on the quiet moments of the morning, I realized how much I value stillness before the day begins. It’s a reminder to carve out space for peace in my routine.

Learning Logs – The Educational Tracker

Learning logs are used to reflect on educational experiences, track learning progress, and identify areas for improvement.

They often focus on specific learning objectives or outcomes.

Example: This week, I struggled with understanding the concept of reflective writing. However, after reviewing examples and actively engaging in the process, I’m beginning to see how it can deepen my learning.

Example: After studying the impact of historical events on modern society, I see the importance of understanding history to navigate the present. It’s a lesson in the power of context.

Critical Incident Journals – The Turning Point

Critical incident journals focus on a significant event or “critical incident” that had a profound impact on the writer’s understanding or perspective.

These incidents are analyzed in depth to extract learning and insights.

Example: Encountering a homeless person on my way home forced me to confront my biases and assumptions about homelessness. It was a moment of realization that has since altered my perspective on social issues.

Example: Missing a crucial deadline taught me about the consequences of procrastination and the value of time management. It was a wake-up call to prioritize and organize better.

Project Diaries – The Project Chronicle

Project diaries are reflective writings that document the progress, challenges, and learnings of a project over time.

They provide insights into decision-making processes and project management strategies.

Example: Launching the community garden project was more challenging than anticipated. It taught me the importance of community engagement and the value of patience and persistence.

Example: Overcoming unexpected technical issues during our project showed me the importance of adaptability and teamwork. Every obstacle became a stepping stone to innovation.

Portfolios – The Comprehensive Showcase

Portfolios are collections of work that also include reflective commentary.

They showcase the writer’s achievements and learning over time, reflecting on both successes and areas for development.

Example: Reviewing my portfolio, I’m proud of how much I’ve grown as a designer. Each project reflects a step in my journey, highlighting my evolving style and approach.

Example: As I added my latest project to my portfolio, I reflected on the journey of my skills evolving. Each piece is a chapter in my story of growth and learning.

Peer Reviews – The Collaborative Insight

Peer reviews involve writing reflectively about the work of others, offering constructive feedback while also considering one’s own learning and development.

Example: Reviewing Maria’s project, I admired her innovative approach, which inspired me to think more creatively about my own work. It’s a reminder of the value of diverse perspectives.

Example: Seeing the innovative approach my peer took on a similar project inspired me to rethink my own methods. It’s a testament to the power of sharing knowledge and perspectives.

Personal Development Plans – The Future Blueprint

Personal development plans are reflective writings that outline goals, strategies, and actions for personal or professional growth.

They include reflections on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

Example: My goal to become a more effective communicator will require me to step out of my comfort zone and seek opportunities to speak publicly. It’s daunting but necessary for my growth.

Example: Identifying my fear of public speaking in my plan pushed me to take a course on it. Acknowledging weaknesses is the first step to turning them into strengths.

Reflective Essays – The Structured Analysis

Reflective essays are more formal pieces of writing that analyze personal experiences in depth.

They require a structured approach to reflection, often including theories or models to frame the reflection.

Example: Reflecting on my leadership role during the group project, I applied Tuckman’s stages of group development to understand the dynamics at play. It helped me appreciate the natural progression of team development.

Example: In my essay, reflecting on a failed project helped me understand the role of resilience in success. Failure isn’t the opposite of success; it’s part of its process.

Reflective Letters – The Personal Correspondence

Reflective letters involve writing to someone (real or imagined) about personal experiences and learnings.

It’s a way to articulate thoughts and feelings in a structured yet personal format.

Example: Dear Future Self, Today, I learned the importance of resilience. Faced with failure, I found the strength to persevere a nd try again. This lesson, I hope, will stay with me as I navigate the challenges ahead.

Example: Writing a letter to my past self, I shared insights on overcoming challenges with patience and persistence. It’s a reminder of how far I’ve come and the hurdles I’ve overcome.

Blogs – The Public Journal

Blogs are a form of reflective writing that allows writers to share their experiences, insights, and learnings with a wider audience.

They often combine personal narrative with broader observations about life, work, or society.

Example: In my latest blog post, I explored the journey of embracing vulnerability. Sharing my own experiences of failure and doubt not only helped me process these feelings but also connected me with readers going through similar struggles. It’s a powerful reminder of the strength found in sharing our stories.

Example: In a blog post about starting a new career path, I shared the fears and excitement of stepping into the unknown. It’s a journey of self-discovery and embracing new challenges.

What Are the Key Features of Reflective Writing?

Reflective writing is characterized by several key features that distinguish it from other types of writing.

These features include personal insight, critical analysis, descriptive narrative, and a focus on personal growth.

• Personal Insight: Reflective writing is deeply personal, focusing on the writer’s internal thoughts, feelings, and reactions. It requires introspection and a willingness to explore one’s own experiences in depth.
• Critical Analysis: Beyond simply describing events, reflective writing involves analyzing these experiences. This means looking at the why and how, not just the what. It involves questioning, evaluating, and interpreting your experiences in relation to yourself, others, and the world.
• Descriptive Narrative: While reflective writing is analytical, it also includes descriptive elements. Vivid descriptions of experiences, thoughts, and feelings help to convey the depth of the reflection.
• Focus on Growth: A central aim of reflective writing is to foster personal or professional growth. It involves identifying lessons learned, recognizing patterns, and considering how to apply insights gained to future situations.

These features combine to make reflective writing a powerful tool for learning and development.

It’s a practice that encourages writers to engage deeply with their experiences, challenge their assumptions, and grow from their reflections.

What Is the Structure of Reflective Writing?

The structure of reflective writing can vary depending on the context and purpose, but it typically follows a general pattern that facilitates deep reflection.

A common structure includes an introduction, a body that outlines the experience and the reflection on it, and a conclusion.

• Introduction: The introduction sets the stage for the reflective piece. It briefly introduces the topic or experience being reflected upon and may include a thesis statement that outlines the main insight or theme of the reflection.
• Body: The body is where the bulk of the reflection takes place. It often follows a chronological order, detailing the experience before moving into the reflection. This section should explore the writer’s thoughts, feelings, reactions, and insights related to the experience. It’s also where critical analysis comes into play, examining causes, effects, and underlying principles.
• Conclusion: The conclusion wraps up the reflection, summarizing the key insights gained and considering how these learnings might apply to future situations. It’s an opportunity to reflect on personal growth and the broader implications of the experience.

This structure is flexible and can be adapted to suit different types of reflective writing.

However, the focus should always be on creating a coherent narrative that allows for deep personal insight and learning.

How Do You Start Reflective Writing?

Starting reflective writing can be challenging, as it requires diving into personal experiences and emotions.

Here are some tips to help initiate the reflective writing process:

• Choose a Focus: Start by selecting an experience or topic to reflect upon. It could be a specific event, a general period in your life, a project you worked on, or even a book that made a significant impact on you.
• Reflect on Your Feelings: Think about how the experience made you feel at the time and how you feel about it now. Understanding your emotional response is a crucial part of reflective writing.
• Ask Yourself Questions: Begin by asking yourself questions related to the experience. What did you learn from it? How did it challenge your assumptions? How has it influenced your thinking or behavior?
• Write a Strong Opening: Your first few sentences should grab the reader’s attention and clearly indicate what you will be reflecting on. You can start with a striking fact, a question, a quote, or a vivid description of a moment from the experience.
• Keep It Personal: Remember that reflective writing is personal. Use “I” statements to express your thoughts, feelings, and insights. This helps to maintain the focus on your personal experience and learning journey.

Here is a video about reflective writing that I think you’ll like:

Reflective Writing Toolkit

Finding the right tools and resources has been key to deepening my reflections and enhancing my self-awareness.

Here’s a curated toolkit that has empowered my own reflective practice:

• Journaling Apps: Apps like Day One or Reflectly provide structured formats for daily reflections, helping to capture thoughts and feelings on the go.
• Digital Notebooks: Tools like Evernote or Microsoft OneNote allow for organized, searchable reflections that can include text, images, and links.
• Writing Prompts: Websites like WritingPrompts.com offer endless ideas to spark reflective writing, making it easier to start when you’re feeling stuck.
• Mind Mapping Software: Platforms like MindMeister help organize thoughts visually, which can be especially helpful for reflective planning or brainstorming.
• Blogging Platforms: Sites like WordPress or Medium offer a space to share reflective writings publicly, fostering community and feedback. You’ll need a hosting platform. I recommend Bluehost or Hostarmada for beginners.
• Guided Meditation Apps: Apps such as Headspace or Calm can support reflective writing by clearing the mind and fostering a reflective state before writing.
• Audio Recording Apps: Tools like Otter.ai not only allow for verbal reflection but also transcribe conversations, which can then be reflected upon in writing.
• Time Management Apps: Resources like Forest or Pomodoro Technique apps help set dedicated time for reflection, making it a regular part of your routine.
• Creative Writing Software: Platforms like Scrivener cater to more in-depth reflective projects, providing extensive organizing and formatting options.
• Research Databases: Access to journals and articles through databases like Google Scholar can enrich reflective writing with theoretical frameworks and insights.

Final Thoughts: What Is Reflective Writing?

Reflective writing, at its core, is a deeply personal practice.

Yet, it also holds the potential to bridge cultural divides. By sharing reflective writings that explore personal experiences through the lens of different cultural backgrounds, we can foster a deeper understanding and appreciation of diverse worldviews.

Read This Next:

• What Is a Prompt in Writing? (Ultimate Guide + 200 Examples)
• What Is A Personal Account In Writing? (47 Examples)
• Why Does Academic Writing Require Strict Formatting?
• What Is A Lens In Writing? (The Ultimate Guide)

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Writing a good reflective commentary

I recently a ran an online workshop on what a good RC might include, so for those of students who were unable to attend (and for those who did attend, but would like a refresher), here’s a summary of my suggestions.

First of all, I think it’s helpful to remember the differences between notebooks, your writing diary and a Reflective Commentary:

Notebooks are where you start writing creatively, whether in the form of ideas and notes or sketches and early drafts. Notebook writing can form the basis of the projects and creative writing assignments that you will send to your tutor. You may find yourself starting numerous notebooks for different areas of interest.

No one will read your notebooks except you. Privacy is important because the thought of anyone reading your writing may inhibit you. Notebooks can be paper or electronic (many people use their phones for jotting down ideas), or a combination of both – it’s totally up to you.

Writing Diary:

Your writing diary is where you record your thoughts on your writing and your developing writing skills. You can discuss and reflect on concepts related to the writing craft here and reflect on what you feel your own strengths and weaknesses are. What are you good at? What do you need to work on? How can you improve these skills? Which writers can you learn from? What have you been reading?

When you are generating new writing material, you’ll be partly learning on an intuitive level. A writing diary will help you to be more conscious of your learning process and more aware of the different skills you’re developing. If you add to your diary regularly, it will form a record of your writing journey. 

Like your notebooks, your writing diary is for you alone and you can keep it in whatever format you prefer.

You can use your writing diary to help you write your Reflective Commentaries, but they aren’t the same thing. 

Reflective Commentaries:

A Reflective Commentary is either a short piece of reflective writing (500 words for Levels 1, 2 and 3; or 350 words at Foundation Level) considering the particular assignment it accompanies, or it’s a longer piece of reflective writing which you submit at the end of the unit in which you reflect on your learning over the unit as a whole, with reference to particular assignments (especially the final assignment).

A few dos and don’ts:

Don’t discuss how you came up with your idea.

Don’t discuss pieces you started and discarded.

Don’t summarise the story, poem, script etc. – your tutor has just read it..

Do focus on the creative work you’ve just submitted to your tutor.

Do focus on a few writing techniques you’ve used in the work. You can’t cover everything, so choose those that are particularly pertinent.

Do say what writing techniques you used and why they were effective.

So, don’t say: “I wrote my story in first person” and leave it at that. Instead say: “I wrote my story in first person because I wanted the feeling of intimacy of the narrator talking directly to the reader about the events. This was important for my story because….”

Discussing Writing Techniques:  

The term ‘writing techniques’ may seem rather abstract, but all it means is those techniques you used to write your creative piece. Here’s a selection of writing techniques you could consider:

Techniques in fiction: 

Descriptive writing, metaphors and similes, setting, character, use of dialogue, structure, narrative pacing, point of view, tense (usually past or present), use of flashback (or, occasionally, flashforward), voice, word choice, register (formal or casual), information reveal (what do you tell the reader and when), psychic distance, use of free indirect discourse, sentence structure (e.g. a short sentence at the end of a paragraph for impact). 

Techniques in poetry: 

Use of stanzas, use of punctuation, imagery, word choice, tone, structure, point of view, use of sound (e.g. rhyme, or assonance, alliteration), rhythm.

These are just a few of the techniques you could discuss – there may be others that are more relevant to your particular piece of creative work.

The tone of the RC:

The reflective commentary is not an academic essay, so you don’t need to use academic jargon. Use first person, because it’s a personal reflection on your work.

However, don’t be too colloquial and chatty either – your tone needs to be moderate and considered. Don’t say “I tried to do X but it was rubbish”. Instead, say you thought it wasn’t successful as a technique and explain why.

Similarly, when discussing your reading, don’t just say “I loved this book” or “It was fab”. Instead, explain what you thought was good about it and why. Give your opinion, but support it with careful analysis.

Reflecting on your reading: 

In the assessment criteria, a proportion of marks are allocated for Contextual Knowledge. Your final RC is your opportunity to demonstrate that you’ve read other writers and engaged with them seriously, not just as a reader, but as another writer. 

In your final RC you should refer to both primary materials (e.g. novels, poems, stories, plays, films, memoirs, poetry performances, etc – depending on what form you’re writing in) and secondary materials (e.g. books, articles, blogs, videos, etc. about the craft of writing). 

Get into good habits early on by referring to some primary and some secondary materials in your short RCs submitted with each assignment.

Think about what you’ve learnt from your reading in terms of craft – this is much more impressive than just saying you were inspired to write about the same subject. 

So don’t say, “I enjoyed Vicki Feaver’s poem ‘Ironing’ and decided to write a poem about ironing of my own.” This might be true and you can put this in your writing diary, but in your RC try to think about what you learnt about the craft of writing poetry from your reading. 

Include short quotations from your reading to demonstrate your points, but a short phrase or single sentence usually suffices (remember you’ve only 500 words for the short RCs).

The Final RC:

The Final RC is longer and in it you should consider what you’ve learnt from the unit as whole, as well as referring to particular assignments. You will now be close to preparing your work for assessment, so you should discuss your redrafting process – what you’ve changed and why – and also demonstrate your engagement with your tutor’s feedback.

Reflecting on redrafting:

Be precise. Don’t just say “I cut extraneous words” or “I rewrote Assignment 4 a lot”. Give examples of what you changed and why .

Use quotations from your own work when discussing what you’ve changed, but be brief: just a pertinent sentence or phrase.

Don’t just give a quotation from your assignment that shows it before redrafting, and then one after. Discuss the changes made and say why you think it is an improvement.

Reflecting on tutor feedback:

You don’t need to agree with every suggestion or comment from your tutor, but you do need to show you’ve thought about your tutor’s feedback. 

Similarly, don’t say you changed something just because your tutor told you to – only change it if you think it’s the right change to make, and say why you think so.

A quirk of the system is that at Level 1 you are likely to write this final reflective commentary before receiving feedback on Assignment Five. You’ll need to redraft your final RC and add comments about your tutor feedback’s on Assignment Five and your redrafting process, before you submit this final RC for assessment.

Submit both your tutor-annotated final RC and a redrafted version at assessment.

Referencing: 

Include a bibliography/reference list at end of all sources referred to in your RC (but don’t include anything you’ve not directly referred to), and use the Harvard Referencing Style.

The Bibliography does not form part of your word count.

Why write RCs:

Writing the reflective commentaries is an important part of the creative writing degree and the RCs serve several purposes. They are useful for tutors as they help us to understand students’ aims in a particular piece of writing. They should demonstrate students’ critical engagement with other writers as well as with books, articles, blogs etc. about the craft of writing, which helps us make better reading suggestions and to understand where our students are on their learning journey.

But, and arguably much more importantly, they’re a crucial part of your learning process, as they require a conscious engagement with the writing craft and a reflection on your writing skills, all of which will help you to think ‘like a writer’.

11 thoughts on “ Writing a good reflective commentary ”

Thank you Vicky. The workshop helped me have a better understanding of reflective commentaries.

This is an interesting article. I am studying photography and part of the work involves writing critiques of other people’s work. The guidelines set out above are relevant to any critique, whatever the subject matter. Thank you. I will be putting these suggestions into practice in my future work.

Thanks Vicky. I like the way you start with the Don’ts before the Dos!

Great advice Vicky! It would be lovely to see another workshop covering Reflective Commentaries. For some reason I struggle to get these right when doing my own R.Cs for the Art of Poetry.

This book called called: “Creative Writing and Critical Reflective Commentary.” was the only recent book I could find. It was really helpful to me It has an example in it and what else to include like references and how to write reflecively with underpinning critical theories.

https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B098MXYY54

https://celoe.telkomuniversity.ac.id/

“Your blog always provides valuable insights. Thank you for sharing!”

“I noticed you mentioned a study in this article. Do you have a link to the source for more information?”

It is critical to recognize the differences between notebooks, writing diaries, and Reflective Commentaries. Your workshop overview is important to both attendees and those who were unable to participate. Such clear thoughts greatly boost our writing experience. Thank you for sharing this enlightened viewpoint!

I’m really intrigues to know why you say so emphatically not to write about how you cam up with an idea – I would have thought his was crucial to the reflective process. Could you explain?

Your blog is appreciated for its usefulness and informative content. IFDA is the best institute for Computer Courses in Delhi and after that any courses completed IFDA is providing paid internship & 100% job placement. Best Computer Course in Delhi

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What Is Reflective Writing? (07 Best Tips, Types & Examples)

Reflective writing stands as a beacon of introspection in the realm of personal expression and academic discourse. It is a multifaceted genre that invites individuals to delve into the depths of their thoughts, feelings, and experiences, and to articulate their insights with clarity and authenticity.

At its core, reflective writing is a process of self-examination and self-discovery, where individuals engage in a dynamic dialogue with themselves and the world around them.

It transcends mere narration, weaving together elements of analysis, introspection, and narrative to create a tapestry of understanding and growth.

Whether in the form of personal reflections, academic essays, or professional narratives, reflective writing offers a platform for individuals to explore their inner landscapes, confront challenges, and celebrate moments of triumph.

As we embark on this exploration of reflective writing, we uncover its significance as a tool for fostering self-awareness, enhancing learning, and promoting personal and professional development.

Table of Contents

What Is Reflective Writing?

Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of what reflective writing is:

Introduction

Reflective writing is a type of writing where individuals explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences regarding a particular topic or event.

The primary purpose of reflective writing is to engage in self-examination, critical analysis , and personal growth. It allows individuals to reflect on their actions, decisions, and beliefs, gaining deeper insights into themselves and their experiences.

Reflective writing typically involves several key steps:

Description

Start by describing the event, experience, or topic you are reflecting on. Provide context and background information to set the stage.

Reflect on the event or experience critically. Consider what happened, why it happened, and how it made you feel. Analyze your thoughts, emotions, and reactions.

Evaluate the significance of the experience or event. Consider its impact on your beliefs, values, and behaviors. Assess what you learned from the experience and how it may influence your future actions.

Conclude your reflection by summarizing your insights and lessons learned. Reflective writing often ends with a plan of action or a consideration of how the experience will shape your future behavior or decisions.

Reflective writing can take various forms, including journals, essays, personal narratives, and self-assessments. The format may vary depending on the purpose and audience.

While reflective writing is often personal and introspective, it can also be shared with others. Some reflective writing is intended for private reflection, while others may be shared with mentors, instructors, or peers for feedback and discussion.

Engaging in reflective writing can have several benefits, including increased self-awareness, enhanced critical thinking skills, improved decision-making abilities, and personal growth and development.

Examples of reflective writing include personal journal entries, reflective essays for academic assignments, self-assessment exercises in professional development settings, and reflective blogs or vlogs shared online.

Overall, reflective writing is a valuable tool for self-reflection, personal growth, and learning from experience. By carefully examining our thoughts, feelings, and experiences, we can gain deeper insights into ourselves and the world around us.

Understanding Reflective Writing

Understanding Reflective Writing is akin to peering into the mirror of the soul, where thoughts, emotions, and experiences converge to create a tapestry of self-awareness and growth.

It transcends mere narration; it’s an intricate dance between introspection and expression, allowing individuals to delve deep into the recesses of their minds and hearts.

Like a masterful painter, reflective writers wield the brush of language to depict their inner landscapes with vivid strokes of insight and revelation.

It’s a journey of discovery, where each word becomes a stepping stone towards understanding oneself and the world around them.

In the realm of reflective writing, the ordinary transforms into the extraordinary, as everyday moments and encounters become portals to profound understanding and enlightenment.

Origins and Evolution

The origins and evolution of reflective writing trace back through the annals of human history, weaving a rich tapestry of introspection and expression.

While its roots may be ancient, with early philosophical musings and spiritual contemplations, its formalization and recognition as a distinct genre emerged more prominently in the modern era.

The 20th century witnessed a surge in interest, particularly within academia, as scholars and practitioners recognized its potential for personal and professional development.

From the introspective diaries of thinkers like Marcus Aurelius to the reflective essays of Michel de Montaigne, the evolution of reflective writing mirrors the shifting paradigms of human thought and society.

Today, in our fast-paced digital age, reflective writing continues to evolve, adapting to new mediums and technologies while retaining its essence as a timeless tool for self-discovery and growth.

Types and Forms of Reflective Writing

Diving into the kaleidoscope of reflective writing reveals a captivating array of types and forms, each offering a unique lens through which to explore the depths of human experience.

Personal reflections shimmer like gems in the sunlight, from the intimate pages of handwritten journals to the digital landscapes of online diaries, offering a sanctuary for raw emotions and unfiltered thoughts to unfurl.

Academic reflections stand as bastions of intellectual inquiry, with reflective essays and critical papers serving as canvases for scholarly introspection and analysis, challenging conventional wisdom and sparking new insights.

Meanwhile, professional reflections stand tall as pillars of growth and expertise, whether in the meticulous records of healthcare practitioners striving for excellence or the reflective teaching practices of educators sculpting minds and futures.

Together, these diverse forms of reflective writing form a mosaic of understanding and evolution, inviting individuals to navigate the labyrinth of their own minds and emerge enlightened and empowered.

Personal Reflections

Personal reflections shimmer as intimate windows into the soul, beckoning us to embark on a journey of self-discovery and understanding.

Within the sacred confines of handwritten journals or the digital realms of online diaries, these reflections serve as sanctuaries for our innermost thoughts, feelings, and experiences.

Here, amidst the pages, we lay bare our vulnerabilities, aspirations, and triumphs, weaving a tapestry of our lives with each stroke of the pen or keystroke.

Personal reflections offer solace in moments of turmoil, clarity in times of confusion, and celebration in moments of triumph.

They are mirrors reflecting the intricacies of our beings, allowing us to witness our growth, evolution, and transformation over time.

Through the act of reflection, we navigate the labyrinth of our emotions, untangle the threads of our experiences, and emerge enlightened, empowered, and more deeply connected to ourselves.

Academic Reflections

Academic reflections stand as pillars of scholarly inquiry, inviting individuals to engage in a profound dialogue with their own learning experiences and intellectual pursuits.

Within the framework of reflective essays and critical papers, students and scholars embark on a journey of introspection and analysis, delving deep into the nuances of their academic endeavors.

Here, the rigors of research and study converge with the introspective gaze, fostering a symbiotic relationship between knowledge acquisition and self-awareness.

Academic reflections serve not only as platforms for synthesizing and evaluating information but also as catalysts for personal growth and intellectual maturation.

Through the process of reflection, students and scholars alike navigate the labyrinth of their academic pursuits, grappling with challenges, embracing insights, and ultimately emerging with a heightened sense of clarity, purpose, and scholarly integrity.

Professional Reflections

Professional reflections serve as integral components of continual growth and development within various fields, providing practitioners with invaluable opportunities to refine their skills, enhance their practice, and cultivate a deeper understanding of their professional roles.

Whether in healthcare, education, business, or any other domain, professionals engage in reflective practices to critically evaluate their actions, decisions, and interactions with colleagues and clients.

Through methods such as reflective journals, peer discussions, or structured debriefings, individuals gain insights into their strengths and areas for improvement, fostering a culture of continuous learning and adaptation.

Professional reflections not only facilitate the refinement of technical expertise but also nurture the cultivation of empathy, resilience, and ethical decision-making.

By embracing reflective practices, professionals embark on a journey of self-discovery and refinement, ultimately enhancing the quality of their work and the outcomes for those they serve.

Techniques for Effective Reflective Writing

Embarking on the voyage of effective reflective writing is akin to navigating through a labyrinth of introspection and expression, where each technique serves as a guiding star illuminating the path to self-discovery and insight.

Like a seasoned explorer, one may employ mindfulness techniques to anchor oneself in the present moment, allowing thoughts and emotions to unfurl with clarity and intention.

Alternatively, one might wield the brush of narrative storytelling, painting vivid portraits of personal experiences with strokes of descriptive language and emotional resonance.

For those seeking deeper introspection, critical analysis and evaluation become indispensable tools, enabling the dissection of thoughts and actions with surgical precision, uncovering hidden truths and illuminating pathways to growth.

Whether through mindfulness, narrative, or critical analysis, effective reflective writing transcends mere observation, inviting individuals to embark on a transformative journey of self-awareness and enlightenment.

Self-Reflection Strategies

Self-reflection strategies serve as the compass guiding individuals through the labyrinth of their own thoughts, emotions, and experiences, offering a sanctuary for introspection and growth.

Like a skilled navigator, one may employ mindfulness techniques to anchor oneself in the present moment, fostering awareness and acceptance of one’s inner landscape.

Through practices such as meditation or mindful breathing, individuals cultivate a space for observation without judgment, allowing thoughts and emotions to arise and dissipate like ripples on a tranquil pond.

Alternatively, journaling serves as a vessel for the exploration of inner truths, providing a canvas upon which to articulate thoughts and feelings with clarity and authenticity.

By engaging in structured reflection prompts or free-form writing, individuals unveil layers of self-awareness, uncovering patterns, motivations, and aspirations hidden beneath the surface.

Whether through mindfulness or journaling, self-reflection strategies empower individuals to embark on a journey of self-discovery and transformation, illuminating pathways to personal growth and fulfillment.

Narrative Techniques

Narrative techniques in reflective writing are the brushstrokes that paint the canvas of personal experiences with vivid colors of emotion and detail.

Much like a master storyteller, individuals harness the power of narrative to weave a compelling tale of their inner journey, inviting readers to immerse themselves in the tapestry of their thoughts and feelings.

Through the artful use of descriptive language, dialogue, and pacing, narratives breathe life into the mundane moments of everyday existence, transforming them into profound reflections on the human condition.

Whether recounting moments of triumph, adversity, or introspection, narrative techniques infuse reflective writing with depth and resonance, forging connections between the storyteller and the audience.

In the realm of reflective writing, narratives serve as vessels of empathy and understanding, bridging the gap between individual experiences and universal truths, ultimately illuminating the path to self-awareness and growth.

Critical Analysis and Evaluation

Critical analysis and evaluation are the sharp tools wielded by reflective writers to dissect the complexities of their experiences, thoughts, and actions with surgical precision.

Like skilled detectives, individuals engage in a meticulous examination of their narratives, probing for underlying motives, biases, and assumptions.

Through the lens of critical inquiry, they unravel the threads of their reflections, teasing out insights and revelations hidden within the fabric of their stories.

Employing techniques such as questioning assumptions, examining evidence, and considering alternative perspectives, individuals navigate the terrain of their reflections with rigor and intellectual honesty.

By subjecting their narratives to scrutiny, they uncover layers of meaning and significance, transforming personal anecdotes into profound reflections on the human condition.

In the crucible of critical analysis and evaluation, reflective writers forge a deeper understanding of themselves and the world around them, paving the way for personal growth and enlightenment.

Benefits and Purposes of Reflective Writing

Reflective writing stands as the alchemist’s crucible, where the raw materials of experience, emotion, and thought are transmuted into the gold of self-awareness, growth, and understanding.

Beyond mere documentation, it serves as a transformative tool for individuals to distill the essence of their experiences, extracting valuable insights and lessons that might otherwise remain hidden in the depths of memory.

Like a mirror reflecting the soul, reflective writing offers individuals the opportunity to engage in a profound dialogue with themselves, unraveling the intricacies of their thoughts, emotions, and actions.

Through this process, they cultivate a deeper understanding of their strengths and weaknesses, aspirations and fears, ultimately forging a path towards personal growth and fulfillment.

Moreover, reflective writing fosters empathy and connection, inviting readers to bear witness to the storyteller’s journey and find resonance in their own experiences.

In essence, the benefits and purposes of reflective writing extend far beyond the page, permeating every facet of human existence with the promise of insight, growth, and transformation.

Personal Growth and Self-Development

Personal growth and self-development are the sacred fruits harvested from the fertile soil of reflective writing, nourished by the seeds of introspection and nurtured by the gentle rains of contemplation.

Through the act of reflection, individuals embark on a journey of self-discovery, traversing the landscape of their innermost thoughts, emotions, and experiences. Like a gardener tending to their garden, they cultivate self-awareness, uprooting weeds of doubt and watering seeds of potential.

With each stroke of the pen or keystroke, they unearth insights and revelations, fostering a deeper understanding of themselves and their place in the world.

Through the lens of reflection, they confront challenges with courage, embrace strengths with humility, and chart a course towards their fullest expression of authenticity and fulfillment.

Personal growth and self-development, thus, emerge as the blossoms of reflection, radiant and resplendent, illuminating the path to a more enriched and empowered existence.

Enhancing Learning and Critical Thinking Skills

Reflective writing serves as the crucible in which learning and critical thinking skills are forged into tools of profound insight and understanding.

Through the process of reflection, individuals engage in a dynamic dialogue with their own experiences, dissecting, analyzing, and synthesizing information with keen intellectual rigor.

This act of introspection cultivates a deep understanding of the subject matter, allowing learners to connect theoretical concepts with real-world applications.

Moreover, reflective writing prompts individuals to question assumptions, challenge perspectives, and explore alternative viewpoints, fostering a culture of critical inquiry and open-mindedness.

By honing their critical thinking skills through reflection, individuals not only enhance their capacity to evaluate information but also develop a nuanced understanding of complex issues.

Ultimately, reflective writing becomes a catalyst for transformative learning experiences, empowering individuals to navigate the complexities of the world with clarity, discernment, and intellectual curiosity.

Applications of Reflective Writing

Reflective writing serves as the alchemist’s elixir, transforming the ordinary into the extraordinary across a myriad of applications.

In education, it becomes the compass guiding students through the labyrinth of learning, fostering deep introspection and critical analysis as they navigate complex subjects and concepts.

In healthcare, it emerges as the healer’s tonic, enabling practitioners to reflect on their experiences, refine their skills, and enhance patient care with empathy and insight.

Within the realm of business and leadership, it assumes the mantle of the visionary’s scroll, empowering professionals to navigate the turbulent waters of decision-making with clarity, integrity, and foresight.

Whether in the classroom, the clinic, or the boardroom, reflective writing becomes a beacon of transformation, illuminating pathways to growth, understanding, and excellence in every facet of human endeavor.

Education and Pedagogy

In the realm of education and pedagogy, reflective writing emerges as the cornerstone of transformative learning experiences, inviting students and educators alike to embark on a journey of self-discovery and intellectual growth.

Through the act of reflection, students engage in a dynamic dialogue with their own learning experiences, uncovering insights, confronting challenges, and charting pathways to mastery.

Educators, too, harness the power of reflective writing to refine their teaching practices, critically evaluating their methods, and adapting strategies to meet the diverse needs of their students.

Whether through journaling, reflective essays, or classroom discussions, reflective writing becomes a catalyst for deeper understanding, fostering a culture of inquiry, empathy, and lifelong learning within educational settings.

By integrating reflective practices into pedagogy, educators cultivate not only academic excellence but also the essential skills of critical thinking, self-awareness, and personal growth that empower students to thrive in an ever-changing world.

Challenges and Considerations in Reflective Writing

Embarking on the journey of reflective writing unveils a labyrinth of challenges and considerations, each adding depth and nuance to the process.

One must navigate the treacherous currents of emotional vulnerability, confronting the raw truths and uncertainties that lie beneath the surface.

Moreover, the quest for authenticity poses a formidable challenge, as individuals grapple with the tension between candid self-expression and societal expectations.

Ethical considerations loom large on the horizon, prompting reflection on the implications of sharing personal experiences and perspectives with others.

Additionally, the specter of resistance and self-doubt lurks in the shadows, threatening to derail the journey before it even begins.

Yet, amidst these challenges, lies the promise of growth, insight, and transformation. By embracing the obstacles and uncertainties inherent in reflective writing, individuals emerge strengthened, wiser, and more deeply connected to themselves and the world around them.

Overcoming Resistance to Self-Reflection

Overcoming resistance to self-reflection is akin to navigating through a dense forest shrouded in mist, where each step forward is met with uncertainty and trepidation.

Yet, beneath the veil of resistance lies the promise of profound self-discovery and growth. To navigate this terrain, one must first confront the shadows of fear and self-doubt that obscure the path ahead.

Embracing vulnerability becomes the compass guiding individuals through the fog, allowing them to shed the armor of defensiveness and open themselves to the transformative power of introspection.

Cultivating self-compassion becomes the lantern illuminating the darkness, offering gentle encouragement and forgiveness as individuals confront their innermost thoughts and emotions.

Moreover, fostering a mindset of curiosity and acceptance becomes the sturdy rope bridging the chasm of resistance, enabling individuals to lean into discomfort and explore the depths of their inner landscape with courage and humility.

Ultimately, by embracing the journey of self-reflection with open hearts and minds, individuals transcend resistance, emerging stronger, wiser, and more deeply connected to themselves and the world around them.

Dealing with Emotional Vulnerability

Dealing with emotional vulnerability in the context of reflective writing requires the courage to venture into the depths of one’s soul, where raw emotions ebb and flow like turbulent waters.

It’s a journey fraught with uncertainty, where the weight of past traumas and insecurities can cast a shadow over the process.

Yet, it is within this vulnerability that the seeds of growth and healing are sown. By creating a safe and nurturing space for expression, individuals can gently unravel the knots of suppressed emotions and confront the ghosts of their past.

Embracing self-compassion becomes the guiding light through the darkness, offering solace and understanding amidst the storm.

Moreover, seeking support from trusted allies and mentors provides a lifeline of empathy and validation, reminding individuals that they are not alone in their struggles.

Through this process of courageous vulnerability, individuals unearth the buried treasures of resilience, authenticity, and self-acceptance, emerging from the depths with newfound clarity, strength, and emotional well-being.

Ethical and Confidentiality Issues

Navigating the ethical and confidentiality issues inherent in reflective writing demands a delicate balancing act between transparency and discretion.

As individuals delve into the intimate recesses of their thoughts and experiences, they must tread carefully to ensure that personal boundaries are respected and ethical standards upheld.

Safeguarding confidentiality becomes paramount, as the sanctity of trust between writer and audience must be preserved at all costs.

Moreover, individuals must grapple with the ethical implications of sharing potentially sensitive information, weighing the benefits of transparency against the risks of harm or exploitation.

By adhering to ethical guidelines and exercising discernment in their writing, individuals can navigate these murky waters with integrity and compassion, honoring the sacred trust bestowed upon them by their readers and peers.

Ultimately, by upholding the principles of confidentiality and ethical conduct, reflective writers can harness the transformative power of self-expression while safeguarding the dignity and privacy of themselves and others.

Case Studies and Examples

Case studies and examples in reflective writing serve as beacons of illumination, illuminating the path to understanding and insight with their vivid narratives and poignant anecdotes.

Like windows into the human experience, they offer glimpses into the complexities of real-life situations, providing context and depth to abstract concepts and theoretical frameworks.

Whether recounting moments of triumph, adversity, or epiphany, each case study and example becomes a testament to the transformative power of reflection, showcasing the profound impact it can have on individuals and communities alike.

Moreover, by highlighting diverse perspectives and experiences, case studies and examples foster empathy and connection, bridging the gap between theory and practice, and inspiring others to embark on their own journeys of self-discovery and growth.

In the tapestry of reflective writing, case studies and examples emerge as jewels of wisdom, sparkling with the brilliance of human resilience, compassion, and understanding.

Future Directions and Innovations in Reflective Writing

As we peer into the horizon of reflective writing, the future unfolds like a tapestry woven with threads of innovation and possibility.

Emerging technologies stand poised to revolutionize the landscape, offering digital platforms and interactive tools that amplify the reach and impact of reflective practices.

Virtual reality environments beckon, providing immersive spaces for self-exploration and narrative expression, while artificial intelligence algorithms offer personalized feedback and insights tailored to individual needs and preferences.

Moreover, interdisciplinary collaborations promise to enrich the tapestry of reflective writing, as diverse fields—from psychology to neuroscience to creative arts—converge to deepen our understanding of the human psyche and enhance the efficacy of reflective interventions.

As we embark on this journey of innovation and discovery, the future of reflective writing shines bright with promise, inviting individuals to embark on a transformative voyage of self-discovery and growth unlike any other.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about What Is Reflective Writing?

What exactly is reflective writing.

Reflective writing is a genre that involves introspection and self-examination, where individuals articulate their thoughts, emotions, and experiences in a structured manner. It goes beyond mere narration, often incorporating analysis, critical thinking, and personal insight.

What are the benefits of reflective writing?

Reflective writing offers numerous benefits, including enhanced self-awareness, improved critical thinking skills, and personal growth. It provides a platform for individuals to process their experiences, gain insights, and make meaning out of their lives.

How does reflective writing differ from other types of writing?

Unlike other forms of writing that focus primarily on conveying information or arguments, reflective writing emphasizes self-reflection and introspection. It encourages individuals to explore their thoughts and feelings, often in a subjective and personal manner.

What are some common techniques used in reflective writing?

Techniques for reflective writing vary, but they often include methods such as journaling, free writing, guided reflection exercises, and structured reflection prompts. These techniques help individuals organize their thoughts and delve deeper into their experiences.

Where is reflective writing commonly used?

Reflective writing finds applications in various fields, including education, healthcare, business, and personal development. It is often used in academic settings for assignments such as reflective essays or journals, as well as in professional contexts for personal development and practice improvement.

How can I get started with reflective writing?

Getting started with reflective writing is simple. Begin by setting aside time for introspection, finding a quiet space to reflect, and choosing a writing medium that suits you, whether it’s pen and paper or a digital platform. Then, start writing freely about your thoughts, feelings, and experiences, without worrying about grammar or structure.

Is there a right or wrong way to do reflective writing?

Reflective writing is inherently personal, so there is no one-size-fits-all approach. What matters most is authenticity and sincerity in exploring your thoughts and experiences. There are no right or wrong answers; the goal is to engage in honest self-examination and learning.

How can I use reflective writing to improve my personal or professional life?

Reflective writing can be a powerful tool for personal and professional development. By regularly reflecting on your experiences, identifying patterns, and setting goals for growth, you can gain valuable insights and make positive changes in your life and work.

In conclusion, reflective writing emerges as a profound and transformative practice that transcends mere expression to become a journey of self-discovery and growth.

It invites individuals to delve into the depths of their thoughts, emotions, and experiences, weaving together introspection, analysis, and narrative to create a tapestry of understanding and insight.

Through reflective writing, individuals cultivate self-awareness, enhance critical thinking skills, and foster personal and professional development.

It finds applications across various domains, from education to healthcare to personal development, offering a versatile tool for exploration and learning.

As we embrace the practice of reflective writing, we embark on a voyage of self-discovery and empowerment, where every word becomes a stepping stone towards a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us.

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Examples of Reflective Writing

Types of reflective writing assignments.

A journal  requires you to write weekly entries throughout a semester. May require you to base your reflection on course content.

A learning diary is similar to a journal, but may require group participation. The diary then becomes a place for you to communicate in writing with other group members.

A logbook is often used in disciplines based on experimental work, such as science. You note down or 'log' what you have done. A log gives you an accurate record of a process and helps you reflect on past actions and make better decisions for future actions.

A reflective note is often used in law. A reflective note encourages you to think about your personal reaction to a legal issue raised in a course.

An essay diary  can take the form of an annotated bibliography (where you examine sources of evidence you might include in your essay) and a critique (where you reflect on your own writing and research processes).

a peer review  usually involves students showing their work to their peers for feedback.

A self-assessment task  requires you to comment on your own work.

Some examples of reflective writing

Social science fieldwork report (methods section), engineering design report, learning journal (weekly reflection).

Brookfield, S 1987, Developing critical thinkers: challenging adults to explore alternative ways of thinking and acting , Open University Press, Milton Keynes.

Mezirow, J 1990, Fostering critical reflection in adulthood: a guide to transformative and emancipatory learning , Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.

Schön, DA 1987, Educating the reflective practitioner , Jossey-Bass. San Francisco.

We thank the students who permitted us to feature examples of their writing.

Prepared by Academic Skills, UNSW. This guide may be distributed or adapted for educational purposes. Full and proper acknowledgement is required. 

Essay and assignment writing guide

• Essay writing basics
• Essay and assignment planning
• Answering assignment questions
• Editing checklist
• Writing a critical review
• Annotated bibliography
• How do I write reflectively?
• Examples of reflective writing
• ^ More support

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Reflective Writing examples

Evaluation of project.

In analysing my work, I feel that this project compelled me to find inspiration from so many various sources, subsequently building on my imaginative capacity as well as my practical knowledge. Therefore I feel I have gained and developed many skills in terms of my own personal creativity and development.

Through creating my styling concepts, I not only became inspired by other practitioners, but felt I gradually began to find my own style in terms of composition and construction of narrative. I thoroughly enjoyed constructing the set for my photo shoot and sourcing possible locations as well as sourcing ideas for stylings from markets and museums and just taking in everything around me. Photographically, I was forced to consider and understand technical concepts of shooting in different locations. Technically I did find some difficulties transferring the image from film negative to computer screen, where I went through processes of scanning negatives etc, so next time I would like to improve on this element.

On reflection I feel the photo shoot was successful, in terms of it being well planned and in terms of realisation of my concept. I found the storyboards to be of great assistance on the day of the shoot. Putting my work into context, I do feel it works well as a CD cover. This is mainly due to my constantly keeping in mind the frame of a CD cover when planning and shooting my compositions, in order to allow for cropping. I feel the images also successfully visually represent and evoke the feel and atmosphere of the artist, the zeitgeist and, most importantly, the track.

As a whole in terms of a finished product I feel I fully transferred my original visualisation into a finished image, and feel it reflects many of my research sources from surrealism to psychedelia. I was really pushed to think conceptually and found this project challenging, enjoyable and, most importantly, a significant step in furthering my creativity, and hope this is reflected visually through my journal.

Adapted from Hannah Robinson, FdA Fashion Styling and Photography (LCF)

In the music image project, my aim was to resolve the problems I had in my last project with my accessories. This time, I customised and modified the gas masks and belts and printed some logos on a flag. I also made a mask from a T-shirt and printed an image onto a jacket. This has all come out quite well, but after I had made them, I continued developing the ideas in my head, and realised I could have done some alternative modifications.

It took a long time to create the images for this project. This is because I was dealing with political and historical content. I thought I could create good ideas if I explored them enough, but it was too time consuming, and I became confused when coming up with my own ideas. It was, however, very stimulating and inspiring to do some research on western history and politics.

In the styling section, my ideas for customising and modifying were not perfect, but I was able to achieve a certain amount. I am pleased with the work, and feel encouraged to push myself in the next project. I liked my styling, but found it difficult to make four outfits, because I had to use each garment separately. What I could have done was have put all the garments in one or two outfits only instead of spreading them through all of them.

In relation to the photography, I feel I should have explored more photographers. This would have given me inspiration for the mood, composition, lighting and location. I need to do more research on a daily basis not only for projects but for my visual diaries as well. On the day of the photo shoot, one of the models didn't turn up, so I had to consider everything again on location. From this I learnt that I need to be more responsive and flexible as this is likely to happen again. Choosing which photographs to use was difficult as well, as I had to consider both composition and layout for the cover.

In terms of IT, I really improved. I started using Photoshop about a month ago, and I can now create a quality of work which I am confident about.

Overall, what I discovered from this project is the importance of a schedule. I have to set a proper timetable and follow it. I also need to fully consider things before I actually do them, as otherwise I get lost and lose inspiration. Finally, reflecting on the positive and negative aspects of my project will, I believe, really help me improve myself for the next one.

Adapted from Ryusuke Kase, FdA Fashion Styling and Photography (LCF)

Reflective statement for dissertation

The dissertation process has been an important journey for me in which I have developed my independent learning. It has, however, been challenging at times.

It has been a time consuming process needing much focus and commitment. At first, I thought everything would be straightforward and that I could manage my time, but it was hard to juggle between my part-time work and family commitments. In order to prioritise the dissertation, I took a short period of time out from work and held back from family events.

To keep myself on track I constructed action plans. At the beginning of each week I would make a daily plan of what I hoped to achieve and how I would do it. I then ticked off each task as achieved. This helped me achieve smaller goals within the research. So throughout this process I have learnt to be self-disciplined, organised and become better at time management. These are clearly needed for future employment.

The primary research part was difficult and at times very frustrating. It was hard to find staff in retail companies that were willing to take part, and I did not have enough information. Through a personal contact I was able to interview someone who gave me a much clearer insight into my field of study. I learnt that it is important to test out your questions before actually doing an interview. Next time I would approach key people earlier and also maybe try to vary the research method: a telephone interview may be more successful for very busy people.

I also had to research a variety of sources such as industry journals and key texts. This at first felt overwhelming. My tutor gave me some targeted references and I also asked the library staff for support in accessing the information I required. I learnt that asking for help can be a good thing.

The information itself needed to be interpreted which required critical and analytical skills. I kept having to return to my initial question to avoid missing the point. At times I felt that I was not getting anywhere. I now understand that this is all part of doing research and, over time, I discovered some interesting themes.

Writing up the dissertation was also a challenge. I had to disregard a lot of information that was not entirely relevant to my research question. Also at times the content was vague, and the ideas did not always follow logically. I used Study Support to develop my writing skills, but wished I had approached them for help at an earlier stage, as this would have saved me a considerable amount of stress.

To conclude, the dissertation assignment has improved my confidence in my ability, through producing a lengthy piece of work. I feel it has effectively concluded the academic phase, and I am excited and motivated by the prospect of getting a job in the fashion industry.

Extracts from BA (Hons) Fashion Management students' dissertations (LCF)

Reflective journal - work experience

In a small salon environment such as London Beauty, customer service and communication skills are really important as the clients tend to know the therapist very well and have a close trusting relationship with her. The manager Shelly knows all the clients and talks very easily to them. This is a skill that I find comes very naturally to me and I have a few clients for whom special communication skills were required. They were nervous about some of the treatments. I could reassure them and put them at their ease. For example, a man came into the salon for a facial. It was his first time and was very uncomfortable. I saw this as a challenge and engaged him in conversation as I would with any other client. By the end of the treatment he was very relaxed and planned to come back again soon! I felt proud I had been able to make him feel comfortable.

Something that did not come easily to me was promotion. It was my job to stand outside the spa giving leaflets to people who went past explaining the treatments that were on offer. This is an awkward task as people do not like to be approached by others to sell them things. I was worried I would not be successful. I threw myself into the task and gave out over 100 leaflets and secured 7 bookings! I learnt that sometimes you just have to be enthusiastic and think positively about trying to sell things.

I felt my personal appearance was good throughout my time in the salon. I wore a light amount of make up and had no jewellery on at all. It is important in maintaining a professional appearance as well as the health and safety implications about following the dress code.

My organisational skills have always been a weakness for me and I did not want this to affect my work in the salon. I made sure I was always punctual and any task was completed in the appropriate time.

Overall I think my communication skills and my ability to work on my own initiative are my biggest strengths. I have learnt how to sell the services and also become more organised with my time. One thing I need to do is spend more time thinking about the more complicated treatments. Making a note in my learning journal on a regular basis would have helped me reduce my stress levels, and reminded me of where I was likely to mix up the order of the routine.

Overall, I learnt a great deal on my placement and I am now more determined than ever to qualify as a Beauty Therapist and have my own salon.

Adapted from Geraldine Topping, FdSc Beauty Therapy and Health Studies student (LCF)

Evaluation of work experience

Over the course of the week I examined work as diverse as From the House of the Dead, Demented and Deformed , to the Cunning Little Vixen . I feel this emphasises the importance of drawing as a tool for any designer, and by honing this skill I will feel more confident in expressing my ideas. I am pleased that I chose the Figure in Context as an elective. I have improved my technique and developed more competence with various media, particularly paint, an expressive means of suggesting texture.

Stan Won't Dance has opened up a new area of costume for performance thus far in my experience. I particularly enjoyed the process of examining designs and breaking down the image into practical components that can be sourced and customised to create viable, wearable costumes that must withstand the demands of movement and dance. Working closely with the assistant supervisor has given me practical exposure to the role of costume supervisor in the creative process. It was also satisfying to share these experiences with a member of my class peer group. I have drawn the conclusion that it is a role I would be interested in pursuing during my professional future.

Regarding the overall visual style of the production, I am now aware that I find an alternative approach to costume more stimulating than the conventional approach. I feel that such projects encourage an assistant to use his or her own creativity to a considerable extent, notwithstanding the development of pre-ordained designs.

The daily work schedules were regular, thus I had more time to attend exhibitions, read and draw. These activities have been inspiring and fruitful, and have helped me achieve an enjoyable balance between work, studies and leisure time. In the past I have not taken enough time to reflect on work and its related experiences, so it is a personal progression for me to do so now.

Perhaps one negative aspect of this industry-linked project has been that I have not been intensely involved in any one project. Yet this only serves to confirm my belief that I must be thoroughly engaged by a project with sufficient responsibility in order to feel satisfied by the process. The fragmented nature of this term's projects was partially down to circumstance - the archive did not require an assistant or trainee for the duration. However, the situation has taught me to be more pro-active in the future.

In conclusion, I believe that as a result of this experience, I have gained new perspectives on the roles I would like to pursue, and also on how teams - designers, supervisors, makers - work together to realise a creative vision. I am also more aware of the areas that inspire me, for example, how movements in art history (often symptomatic of social flux) have provoked design, and how the abstract and esoteric can, paradoxically, become material, and make comment on the world in which we live by way of a performance narrative. This is demonstrated by both the work of artist Antony Gormley, and proposed by Off the Wall.

Finally, I feel that I now can apply my research, drawing and academic skills to produce work that will do justice to this new, lucid perspective.

Adapted from a final year, BA (Hons) Costume for Performance, LCF

Reflective Practice: Home

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Reflective practice.

• Further Reading

Reflective practice is ‘defined as the process involved in making sense of events, situations, or actions that occur in practice settings; reflection, in this sense, emphasises a thoughtful approach to understanding experience, whether in real time or retrospectively’ (Boros, 2009, cited in Oelofsen, 2012). Reflective practice is much encouraged across disciplines and industries. In higher education, as Moon (2004) suggests, ‘[w]e reflect in order to learn something, or we learn as a result of reflecting’. At UCA, reflective practice is higher valued and often assessed during your study.

You may find Kolb’s Reflective Cycle (1984) a helpful and familiar tool in engaging in reflective practice through your work. You can find more information on how to reflect in the next sections.

The reflective cycle begins with looking back. Applying Kolb’s reflective cycle (1984) to an example of practice, we start with the ‘ experience ’. This is the example of practice or experience we wish to reflect on. It could be a piece of work, an experiment, a day on work placement, a crit, group work or tutorial, a written draft or submission, or some feedback. In a piece of writing this might section might be an introduction, for example.

We then move to the next step which looks at the ‘ reflective observation ’ where we review or reflect on the event/observation. This is where you may wish to ask questions to help you reflect on the event, such as;

• What did I do? What happened?
• What were my reactions?
• What did I think or feel about what I was doing? Why?
• What was interesting about what I did / made? Why?
• What went well?
• And what didn’t go so well? Why?

Moving around the reflective cycle, we then begin looking forward. Embarking on the next stage ‘ abstract conceptualisation ’ we conclude the learning from the experience. Through our previous reflections we can see how we might adapt our practice, acknowledge what didn’t work and change the way we work to move forward.

Finally we reach the ‘ active experimentation ’ stage where we begin to try out what has been learnt, based on reflecting on previous knowledge. This is also where we begin to explain and critique what happened, what are we trying to resolve here and how would we move forwards. In a piece of writing this might section might be a conclusion, for example.

You may wish to answer questions such as what would I do differently in future? How could I develop my work from here? How can I apply what I have learned, which should conclude your reflective writing task?

• What? (what is the experience you wish to reflect on)
• So what? (what is it about this experience that you are choosing to pinpoint)
• What now? (how have you learnt from your observations and how will this improve your practice moving forward)

How to create a reflective space? To facilitate your reflection, you may like to consider the following aspects:

• To many people, reflection could be very personal and individual. However, you can also reflect with other people. For example, if you are reflecting on your group work experience, you could do this with another group member who was involved in the work.
• When your reflection is assessed, you need to follow your tutor’s instruction about how to do it. For example, if you are asked to submit an individual reflective essay, the work is then expected to draw on ‘your own’ reflection.
• Some types of reflective assignments tend to be formal, such as a reflective essay/report and a placement report. Such writing is often part of your summative assessment, which could determine your scores for a unit/course.
• You may also be asked to submit reflective journals or blogs for your tutor to understand your progress and provide you with feedback. Such entries might not be marked or graded, but will help you with your learning.
• Reflection can be done when an incident happens or shortly after it happens.
• You may set aside time daily or weekly to reflect on your learning and practice. Developing a habit of reflection would be useful for you to complete a reflection-based task for assessment.
• Writing is a common way, often in the form of a journal. See Reflective Journal in the Academic Skills section for more information.
• You could also explore other creative means, such as drawing, photography, and audio-/video-recording.
• There are a range of digital tools you could apply. These are a few examples: word processing software like Microsoft Word and Google Docs ; bespoke journal keeping tools like Penzu ; note-taking tools like Microsoft OneNote and Evernote ; online notice board like Padlet or Google Jamboard ; blog sites like WordPress and Blogger ; Podcast tools like Spotify Anchor ; recording function of your computer or mobile device. [Please note that UCA does not endorse any third-party digital tools.]

Reflective writing underpins reflective practice. When studying at university, you may be asked to write in a variety of ways that show you can reflect on your practice. This might be through journals, annotating sketchbooks, work placement reports, and many more approaches. It is important to understand the reasons that you are asked to reflect. This guide will support this understanding. Reflective writing can be structured or unstructured. The process of reflection normally contains mind mapping, notes on collaboration, conversations, crits and tutorials, among other things, but can be presented in different ways.

A more structured journal could contain all of the above, but also more specifically this list below. This is not fixed. However, it could include -

• Any annotated research material
• Personal responses to your own work
• Notes from tutorials
• Selected extracts from lecture notes
• Notes from gallery visits
• Extracts from relevant critical texts
• Annotated photocopies and downloads
• Your own thoughts
• Photographs/video
• A daily entry of tasks
• CV development
• Work placement report
• Video/photographic/digital record

Something less structured could also contain mind mapping, notes on collaboration, conversations, crits and tutorials, and be any of the following;

• A sketchbook . You may be asked to produce annotations through your sketchbooks. Reflective writing is a really good way to show progression of ideas.
• Narrative writing . As well as your visual work, you could document your processes through a narrative writing processes that are connected to your practice. For example, you could write about a work placement experience and to support these reflections write a letter from your past self to your present or future self, highlighting your work, an exhibition, a comparison of brands or artists work, for example. Embarking on writing in this way can broaden your experiences of different styles of writing, further expanding on knowledge of some of the variety of ways you may be required to write as an industry professional.
• A dialogue . Look at examples of artists' journals e.g.: The diary of Frida Kahlo (book available in UCA library), or Pat Francis’ example of the dialogic journal created by John Berger and John Christie: 'I send you this Cadmium red’ in which two practitioners exchange ideas through a series of letters to one another (Francis, P. 2009:43).

All of these more creative processes are there as a way into reflective practice, rather than a check list of answering a bank of the same questions.

When writing, you do not have to write formally you could -

• write in the 1st person
• use mind maps or spider diagrams
• write poetry
• annotate images
• Methodology
• Leave blank pages or spaces so that you can go back to reflect review and revise; this enables you to track your progress.

Use your reflective writing to identify anything you could incorporate into your own work (techniques, materials, approaches, theory etc) and contextualise the work of others and your own work.

Get into the habit of regularly documenting -

• your evaluation of the previous project
• your initial ideas in response to the brief
• your thoughts and feelings about your studio practice
• feedback from crits and tutors
• creative links

You might choose to -

• Make an entry every day or once a week
• Record and evaluate every piece of research you do.
• Record the progress of an experiment in the studio.
• Jot down ideas that you cannot pursue immediately for future reference
• Record the responses you make to any research material you use
• Stepping Back
• Be objective and try to form judgements about your responses.

Consider feedback from previous assessments:

• What have you learnt?
• How can you apply this?
• Are there other ways you could have responded to the project?
• Are there other ways you could have made use of your research?
• Are you receptive to change?
• Are you making assumptions?
• Analyse your approach to your project
• Revisit previous entries e.g. read the previous few pages
• Ask questions e.g. "How does this new idea/approach relate to what I already know?"
• Identify gaps in your knowledge (hints and clues from your previous research will help you with this)
• Extend your horizons

Through reflective journals, you will often be asked to map your learning over a period of time. This, for example, can be a different approach to an essay brief. It is a continued and sustained area to reflect, much like a diary. Through a journal, you can also include reflections on advice from tutors and peers.

• Generate initial ideas
• Track your thinking
• Identify where your inspiration comes from
• Show how you are going to make use of the information
• Develop your concepts
• Explore potential outcomes
• Evaluate how successful they are
• Indicate what you could take forward to inform your future practice
• The purpose of a reflective journal is to log your processes, developing analytical skills which show how you have developed your practice, through learning from old experiences, developing new connections.

Your research journal will help you to -

• Learn from your experiences
• Improve your thinking skills
• Develop problem solving skills
• Apply theory to practice
• Generate ideas/enhance creativity
• Develop your own 'voice'
• Improve communication skills
• Explore and experiment with ideas
• Move your project on
• Make creative links to develop your own line of reasoning
• Support your response to the brief
• Make your processes visible and track your thinking through each unit
• Talk about your work
• You might return to it and make use of it in later projects

Reflective models There are many models of reflection, as summarised in the University of Edinburgh’s Reflection Toolkit . Two models are introduced here.

Gibbs (1988) Reflective cycle This cycle is one of the most popular reflective models. It is highly structured and easy to apply.

• Description : What happened? What was the context/situation? Avoid making any judgment at this stage.
• Feelings : How did you feel – your emotional reactions – towards the experience?
• Evaluation : What did you think about the experience – positive, negative, good, bad, beneficial, harmful…? Start to make some judgments.
• Analysis : What did you learn from the experience? How was the experience related to existing knowledge – theories and professional practice? Do bring in any literature to understand, analyse and interpret the experience in greater depth. Since critical analysis and synthesis of knowledge are common assessment criteria in many units at UCA, do pay special attention to this stage/element of reflection when preparing a reflective piece for assessment.
• Conclusion : Based on your evaluation and analysis of the experience, what conclusion can you draw?
• Action plan : What will you do in the future when you face a similar situation -what will you do the same and what will you do differently? What could have been done to improve your experience or practice? What impact has the experience had on your future practice?

Oelofsen (2012) The Three-Step CLT reflective cycle This cycle is overlapped with Gibbs’ model – actually many reflective models are overlapped to some degree. It is presented in a more succinct manner, providing more flexibility in its application.

Reflection could be a crucial element of many assignments. For example, when you write an essay, a report or a dissertation, you may provide a reflection on your professional experience as evidence to support your argument and discussion. Reflection, at the same time, can be a stand-alone form of assessment, for example, a reflective essay, a placement report, a reflective blog or a reflective video. Your reflective piece could be part of the formative or summative assessment. Your tutor will provide a clear instruction about how you should produce your reflection and submit it for assessment.

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• Last Updated: Apr 9, 2024 9:47 AM
• URL: https://mylibrary.uca.ac.uk/reflectivepractice

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• Writing Tips

A Simple Guide to Reflective Writing

• 5-minute read
• 23rd May 2023

Reflective writing is the process of describing something you’ve experienced, evaluating its meaning, figuring out if you’ve learned anything from the experience, and then working out how the process can be beneficial.

Many people don’t know how to write reflectively or what’s required in the process.

This post will explain what reflective writing is. We will then show you how to organize and structure your own reflective writing in a simple and straightforward manner.

What Is Reflective Writing?

It’s a common belief that we can break down thinking into two processes: reflective and critical . The former can be part of the latter, but it’s more personal.

Reflective thinking, or a reflection, is a learning process that involves your own personal analyses of and responses to new situations, experiences, data, or events. There is no right or wrong way to think reflectively – it’s more about exploring different ideas and questions.

Reflective writing is a way to reach a deeper level of understanding on a given topic. Writing something down can help you analyze it.

Here are some common elements of reflective writing:

●  Analytical

●  Subjective (thoughts/opinions)

●  Free-flowing

●  Written in the first person

And here are some examples:

●  A personal response to something new

●  Field notes, journals, logbooks, peer reviews , blogs, etc.

What Is Nonreflective Writing?

While the goal of reflective writing is to come to a deeper level of understanding about a given topic, the goal of other forms of writing is often to explain, argue, or describe something in detail.

These are some elements of nonreflective  writing:

●  Descriptive

●  Objective (instructions/arguments)

●  Structured formally

●  Written in the third person

Here are some examples:

●  An explanation or argument

●  Research papers, statistical reports, persuasive essays , formal reviews, news articles, etc.

How to Write Reflectively

Because reflective writing is subjective, its structure is usually less formal. While being logical is important, you can also be creative, hypothetical, and opinionated.

A few different formats can help show you how to organize your reflective writing, but we’ll focus on a popular four-step approach that we often refer to as the DIEP strategy :

1. Describe

You begin by simply describing everything that happened. This includes what you did, saw, heard, etc.

This description should be the shortest portion of your writing, but it should include all the details you think are relevant.

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2. Interpret

The next step is to consider what the experience meant to you. Here, you can explore how and why something happened.

Some useful questions to ask yourself during the interpretation stage are:

●  How do I feel?

●  Have I acquired any new insights?

●  How does this experience connect with what I already know/believe?

●  What hypotheses or conclusions can I form?

3. Evaluate

This is where you analyze how valuable the experience was and consider why it happened. You should make judgments that are connected to the observations you’ve previously described and interpreted.

Here are some important things to examine at this stage:

●  Focus on the most important things you’ve observed or learned.

●  Identify the significance of any hypotheses or conclusions you’ve formed.

●  Examine whether you’ve developed any new skills that you can apply in the future.

Finally, you need to figure out what you’ll do with what you’ve learned and how you’ll do it. Come up with a plan to make any newly discovered information useful to yourself.

A few good questions to answer are:

●  Will my future behavior change based on what I’ve learned or experienced?

●  Why will this change occur, or why won’t there be any change?

●  What will I do next?

●  Do I need to acquire or develop any new skills to enact my plan?

Although beginning a piece of reflective writing can seem daunting, if you follow the four steps we’ve outlined above, it shouldn’t be too difficult. Just remember that it’s all about your observations and what you have (or haven’t) learned from a given experience.

The format for reflective writing can often be less strict, but you still want your writing to be readable. Here are a few things you should make sure to do:

●  Write from your own perspective.

●  Clearly outline the context of what you’re reflecting on.

●  Make sure your writing is structured well, with a beginning, a middle, and an end.

●  Use an appropriate writing style and ensure correct grammar and punctuation.

What Can I Do If I Need Help?

If you’re not confident in your overall writing ability, don’t worry. A professional proofreader can check your grammar, spelling, and punctuation. They can identify and correct errors and provide you with valuable feedback to help you improve.

Great proofreaders are not hard to find. A simple way to do so is to visit Proofed’s online platform . You’ll get any document you submit to us returned within 24 hours.

We’ll even proofread your first document for free!

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For the most part, novelists and memoirists use the same set of tools to tell their stories. They both create vivid scenes, develop three-dimensional characters, and evoke a strong sense of place. They rely on dialogue, effective pacing, and themes. But there is one tool that is used almost exclusively in creative nonfiction: reflection, sometimes called “the reflective voice” or “the voice of experience.”

Defining Reflection

The purpose of reflection.

The aim of reflection is to make sense of the story, but it is not used to tell the story. (The voice of innocence does that.) Memoirists use the reflective voice to make meaning—to help readers discover the underlying message of a particular scene or moment from the character’s life. The color-coded passage below, from Lucy Grealy’s Autobiography of a Face , illustrates how the voice of innocence (green) and the voice of experience (purple) work together to tell the story in a work of creative nonfiction:

[My mother] borrowed a pair of scissors from the nurse’s desk, and while I sat in a chair she snipped off what remained of my hair, my white, white scalp shining through.  We discovered for the first time that I had a large birthmark above my left ear.

The next morning my mother came in with a hat, a small white sailor’s hat, which I put on and almost never took off for the next two and a half years, even during the periods when my hair was growing back in.  Sometimes it grew several inches and was perfectly presentable as hair, but I knew it was only going to fall out again, and I refused to be seen in public without my hat.  My hat.  It became part of me, an inseparable element of who I thought I was.

My hat was my barrier between me, and what I was vaguely becoming aware of as ugly about me, and the world.  It hid me, hid my secret, though badly, and when [other children] made fun of me or stared at me, I assumed it was only because they could guess what was beneath my hat.  It didn’t occur to me that the whole picture, even with the hat, was ugly; as long as I had it on, I felt safe.  Once, on television, I saw someone lose his hat in the wind and I immediately panicked for him, for his sudden exposure.  It was a visceral reaction.

Here, the voice of innocence communicates the child’s experience—it creates a brief scene that shows the character receiving a haircut and beginning to wear a hat that later becomes central to her identity. Then, the reflective voice takes over to say things the child can’t say because she doesn’t know them yet. The child doesn’t realize her hat acts as a mask or that she is “ugly” even while wearing it. These are the adult’s revelations—things she has learned in the years since she wore a hat to hide from the world.

How to Reflect

Beginning memoirists often fall into the trap of only using the reflective voice or only using the voice of innocence, rather than combining the two. This typically happens because they don’t feel comfortable moving between these distinct voices. However, with a little practice and the use of several effective techniques, it becomes second nature. Below are strategies adapted from memoirist Joyce Dyer’s handout “Techniques to Start Reflection in Creative Nonfiction.” These strategies can be applied in nearly all works of creative nonfiction.

• Ask a question. (Why is to so hard to…?)
• Reject possible explanations. (I don’t believe… It seems unlikely…)
• Imagine or speculate. (I wonder what would have happened if… I like to imagine… I hope my mother knew… Perhaps things would have been different if…)
• Tell an alternative version of events and then reveal the truth. (It didn’t actually happen like that… Unfortunately, that’s a lie…)
• Use timestamps to show distance between the event being described and the present day. (Now, I can see… Today, I understand… Looking back… I didn’t realize it then, but…)
• Use generalizations to explain a key takeaway from a scene. (We don’t often think of justice as…)

The color-coded example below, an excerpt from Richard Hoffman’s memoir Half the House , illustrates the author’s smooth transition from the voice of innocence (green) to the voice of experience (purple) using the “timestamp” technique (underlined).

By the end of football season, I couldn’t bear the shame anymore.  I tried to explain to Coach Tom that as a Catholic I would have to tell the priest about [the sexual abuse] in confession.  I tried to reassure him that he didn’t have to worry, that the priest was bound by “the seal of the confessional.”  Priests had been tortured to death without revealing what was told to them in confession.

“Bullshit,” he said.  “He’d go right to your mother and father.  Think about that, you little moron.  I bet that would go over big, huh?”

After that he avoided me, and only spoke to me when he had to.  It was over.  I remember a boy named Chris was always with him after that.

So when my mother asked about the purple wound on my arm, I told her a dog had bitten me on my afternoon paper route.  She wanted to know whose dog it was.  Did it have a collar on?  There was no telling what kind of germs a stray might be carrying.  As I remember this now , I’m not convinced that she believed me, and thinking of the awful silence that came between us, I sometimes feel as desolate as I did back then, when the winter sky slipped away to dark blue and I hurried to get The Evening Chronicle on a mile and a half of doorsteps before it grew too dark to see.

The word “now” is a signal to the reader, a flashing neon sign showing that the narrative has jumped forward in time from a childhood memory to the adult narrator’s reflection on that memory. This shift from the voice of innocence to the voice of experience doesn’t call attention to itself, but it does allow the memoirist to include knowledge and feelings the child wouldn’t have been able to articulate. It also helps readers to understand the long-term impact of the lie and the feelings it created—again, things the child couldn’t have known in the moment.

Reflection is a key element of most memoirs and personal essays. Therefore, it’s an essential skill for writers of creative nonfiction to develop. When writers move seamlessly between the voice of innocence and the voice of experience, they add depth to their work and help readers connect to the characters’ experiences on a deeper level.

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Critical Reflection

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Writing Critical Reflection

Reflective writing is a common genre in classrooms across disciplines. Reflections often take the form of narrative essays that summarize an experience or express changes in thinking over time. Initially, reflective writing may seem pretty straightforward; but since reflective writing summarizes personal experience, reflections can easily lose their structure and resemble stream-of-consciousness journals capturing disjointed musings focused on only the self or the past.   

Critical reflection still requires a writer to consider the self and the past but adopts an argumentative structure supported by readings, theories, discussions, demonstrated changes in material conditions, and resources like post-collaboration assessments, testimonial evidence, or other data recorded during the collaboration . Common arguments in critical reflections present evidence to demonstrate learning, contextualize an experience, and evaluate impact. While critical reflections still require authors to reflect inwardly, critical reflection go es beyond the self and examine s any relevant contexts that informed the experience. Then, writers should determine how effectively their project addressed these contexts. In other words, critical reflection considers the “impact” of their project: How did it impact the writer? How did it impact others? Why is the project meaningful on a local, historical, global, and/or societal level? H ow can that impact be assessed?  

In short: reflection and critical reflection both identify the facts of an experience and consider how it impacts the self. Critical reflection goes beyond this to conceive of the project’s impact at numerous levels and establish an argument for the project’s efficacy. In addition, critical reflection encourages self-assessment—we critically reflect to change our actions, strategies, and approaches and potentially consider these alternative methods.  

Collecting Your Data: Double-Entry Journaling

Double-entry journaling is a helpful strategy for you to document data, observations, and analysis throughout the entire course of a community-based project. It is a useful practice for projects involving primary research, secondary research, or a combination of both. In its most basic form, a double-entry journal is a form of notetaking where a writer can keep track of any useful sources, notes on those sources, observations, thoughts, and feelings—all in one place.  

For community-based projects, this might involve:  

• Recording your observations during or after a community partner meeting in one column of the journal.  
• Recording any of your thoughts or reactions about those observations in a second column.   
• Writing any connections you make between your observations, thoughts, and relevant readings from class in a third column.  

This allows you to document both your data and your analysis of that data throughout the life of the project. This activity can act as a blueprint for your critical reflection by providing you with a thorough account of how your thinking developed throughout the life of a project.   

The format of a double-entry journal is meant to be flexible, tailored to both your unique notetaking practice and your specific project. It can be used to analyze readings from class, observations from research, or even quantitative data relevant to your project.  

Just the Facts, Please: What, So What, Now What

Getting started is often the hardest part in writing. To get your critical reflection started, you can identify the What , So What , and Now What? of your project. The table below presents questions that can guide your inquiry . If you’re currently drafting, we have a freewriting activity below to help you develop content.  

Freewrite your answers to these questions; that is, respond to these questions without worrying about grammar, sentence structure, or even the quality of your ideas. At this stage, your primary concern is getting something on the page. Once you’re ready to begin drafting your critical reflection, you can return to these ideas and refine them.  

Below are some additional prompts you can use to begin your freewriting. These reflection stems can organize the ideas that you developed while freewriting and place them in a more formal context.  

• I observed that...  
• My understanding of the problem changed when...  
• I became aware of (x) when....  
• I struggled to...  
• The project's biggest weakness was…  
• The project's greatest strength was…   I learned the most when...  
• I couldn't understand...  
• I looked for assistance from...  
• I accounted for (x) by...  
• I connected (concept/theory) to...  
• (Specific skill gained) will be useful in a professional setting through…  

Analyzing Your Experience: A Reflective Spectrum

Y our critical reflection is a space to make an argument about the impact of your project . This means your primary objective is to determine what kind of impact your project had on you and the world around you. Impact can be defined as the material changes, either positive or negative, that result from an intervention , program , or initiative . Impact can be considered at three different reflective levels: inward, outward, and exploratory.

Inward reflection requires the writer to examine how the project affected the self. Outward reflection explores the impact the project had on others. Additionally, you can conceptualize your project’s impact in relation to a specific organization or society overall, depending on the project’s scope. Finally, exploratory reflection asks writers to consider how impact is measured and assessed in the context of their project to ultimately determine: What does impact look like for the work that I’m doing? How do I evaluate this? How do we store, archive, or catalog this work for institutional memory? And what are the next steps?  

This process is cyclical in nature; in other words, it’s unlikely you will start with inward reflection, move to outward reflection, and finish with exploratory reflection. As you conceptualize impact and consider it at each level, you will find areas of overlap between each reflective level.   

Finally, if you’re having trouble conceptualizing impact or determining how your project impacted you and the world around you, ask yourself:   

• What metrics did I use to assess the "impact" of this project? Qualitative? Quantitative? Mixed-methods? How do those metrics illustrate meaningful impact?  
• How did the intended purpose of this project affect the types of impact that were feasible, possible, or recognized?  
• At what scope (personal, individual, organizational, local, societal) did my outcomes have the most "impact"?  

These questions can guide additional freewriting about your project. Once you’ve finished freewriting responses to these questions, spend some time away from the document and return to it later. Then, analyze your freewriting for useful pieces of information that could be incorporated into a draft.  

Drafting Your Critical Reflection

Now that you have determined the “What, So What, Now What” of your project and explored its impact at different reflective levels, you are ready to begin drafting your critical reflection.  

If you’re stuck or find yourself struggling to structure your critical reflection, the OWL’s “ Writing Process ” [embe ded link ] resource may offer additional places to start. That said, another drafting strategy is centering the argument you intend to make.  

Your critical reflection is an argument for the impact your project has made at multiple levels; as such, much of your critical reflections will include pieces of evidence to support this argument. To begin identifying these pieces of evidence, return to your “reflection stem” responses . Your evidence might include :  

• H ow a particular reading or theory informed the actions during your partnership ;  
• How the skills, experiences, or actions taken during this partnerhsip will transfer to new contexts and situations;  
• Findings from y our evaluation of the project;  
• Demonstrated changes in thoughts, beliefs, and values, both internally and externally;  
• And, of course, specific ways your project impacted you, other individuals, your local community, or any other community relevant to the scope of your work.  

As you compile this evidence, you will ulti mately be compiling ways to support an argument about your project’s efficacy and impact .  

Sharing Your Critical Reflection

Reflective writing and critical reflections are academic genres that offer value to the discourse of any field. Oftentimes, these reflective texts are composed for the classroom, but there are other venues for your critical reflections, too.  

For example, Purdue University is home to the Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement ( PJSL ) which publishes student reflective texts and reflections with research components. Although PJSL only accepts submissions from Purdue students, other journals like this one may exist at your campus. Other venues like the Journal of Higher Education Outreach and Impact publish reflective essays from scholars across institutions, and journals in your chosen discipline may also have interest in reflective writing.  

Document explaining the theories, concepts, literature, strategies that informed the creation of this content page.  

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• Reading, writing and referencing

Reflective writing

Advice on how to write reflectively.

Reflective writing gives you an opportunity to think deeply about something you've learned or an experience you've had.

Watch the video below for a quick introduction to reflective writing. The video includes an example of reflecting on practice, but the approach is equally useful when reflecting on theory.

Video tutorial

Reflecting on practice.

Reflective writing may ask you to consider the link between theory (what you study, discuss and read about at university) and practice (what you do, the application of the theory in the workplace). Reflection on practical contexts enables you to explore the relationship between theory and practice in an authentic and concrete way.

"Yesterday’s class brought Vygotsky’s concepts of scaffolding and the ‘significant other’ into sharp focus for me. Without instruction, ‘Emily’ was able to scaffold ‘Emma’s’ solving of the Keystone Puzzle without directing her or supplying her with the answer – she acted as the ‘significant other’. It really highlighted for me the fact that I do not always have to directly be involved in students’ learning, and that students have learning and knowledge they bring to the classroom context."

What this example does well:

• Links theory to practice.
• Clearly states where learning occurred.

De-identify actual people you have observed or dealt with on placement or work experience using pseudonyms (other names, job titles, initials or even numbers so that real identities are protected). E.g.:

• "It was great to observe ‘Lee’ try to..."
• "Our team leader’s response was positive…"
• "I observed G’s reaction to this..."
• "Student Four felt that this was…"

"The lectures and tutes this semester have broadened my views of what sustainability is and the different scales by which we can view it . I learned that sustainability is not only something that differs at an individual level in terms of how we approach it ourselves, but also how it differs in scale. We might look at what we do individually to act sustainably, such as in what and how we recycle, but when we think about how a city or state does this, we need to consider pollution, rubbish collection and a range of other systems that point to sustainability on a much larger scale."

• Clearly states where learning occurred
• Elaborates on key issues
• Gives examples.

"On the ward rounds yesterday, I felt Mr G’s mobility had noticeably improved from last week. This may be due to the altered physio program we have implemented and it allowed me to experience a real feeling of satisfaction that I had made a real difference."

Action verbs are usually expressing feelings and thoughts in reflective writing, e.g. felt, thought, considered, experienced, wondered, remembered, discovered, learned.

Reflecting on theory

Some reflection tasks are purely theoretical, where you are asked to consider texts you have read, or ideas you may have discussed in tutorials, and reflect on them.

"Comparing the approaches of Mayr and Ulich (2009) and Laevers (2005) to what 'wellbeing' means for the early childhood setting was very illustrative in that I discovered they seek to do similar things but within different frameworks. Analysing the two constructs highlighted that the detail in Mayr and Ulich’s framework provided a much richer framework in defining and measuring wellbeing than Laevers’ does."

• References correctly.
• Considers what the theory has shown.

Using the DIEP model

When writing reflectively for the first time, it’s not uncommon to produce a summary or description of the event or experience without deeply reflecting on it.

Reflective writing needs to go beyond simply summarising what happened. Your reader needs to gain an insight into what the experience meant to you, how you feel about it, how it connects to other things you’ve experienced or studied and what you plan to do in response.

To be sure you don’t leave out any of these critical elements of reflection, consider writing using the describe, interpret, evaluate, plan (DIEP) model to help.

DIEP approach adapted from: RMIT Study and Learning Centre. (2010). Reflective writing: DIEP .

You can and should refer to yourself in your reflection using personal pronouns, e.g. I, we...

Begin by describing the situation. What did you see, hear, do, read or see? Be as brief and objective as possible.

Starting phrases:

• The most interesting insight from my lecture this week is ...
• A significant issue I had not realised until now is ...
• I now realise (understand ...) that ...

Interpret what happened. What new insights have you gained? How does this experience connect with other things you’ve learned or experienced before? How did the experience make you feel?

• This experience idea is relevant to me because…
• This reminded me of the idea that…
• A possible implication could be…

Make a judgement. How useful was this experience for you? What is your opinion? Why do you think this might be?

• Having realised the importance of ..., I can now understand…
• This experience will change the way I view ...
• Being able to see… in this way is extremely valuable for me because…

Comment on how this experience might inform your future thoughts or actions. How could you apply what you’ve learned from the experience in the future? How might the experience relate to your degree or future professional life?

• This is beneficial to me as my future career requires…  
• In order to further develop this skill…I will…
• Next time…I will…by…

[TS] The most surprising insight I have gained so far is how important recording and distributing succinct and accurate information is to the success of the project. [D] In the first week of my internship, I was asked to record some meeting minutes and distribute them to the project team and the client. [I] I initially felt offended as the task appeared trivial to me; it was something we rarely did during team meetings at university. [E] However, after speaking with my industry supervisor, I began to understand how important it is to keep a clear record of the meaningful points raised during meetings. [I] Making accurate notes of the key outcomes was harder than I expected as the rest of my team was relying on my minutes to know what they needed to do. [D]After reviewing my minutes, my supervisor agreed that they were sufficiently clear and accurate. [I] I’ve realised that poorly recorded minutes could have resulted in missed deadlines, miscommunication and costly implications for our contract. [P] To improve my ability to take notes I plan on reviewing the minutes made by my colleagues for other meetings and to investigate note taking techniques such as mind mapping (Trevelyan, 2014). Mind mapping uses links and annotations to record relationships between words and indicate significance. [I] This will help me to continue to develop my skills in this area and develop my ability to “prepare high quality engineering documents” as part of attaining the Stage 1 competency of written communication (Engineers Australia, 2018).

Trevelyan, J. P. (2014).  The making of an expert engineer: How to have a wonderful career creating a better world and spending lots of money belonging to other people . Leiden, The Netherlands: CRC Press/Balkema.

Ask yourself:

• Have I based my reflection on a specific incident, activity, idea or example?
• Have I sufficiently critically analysed the situation?
• Have I integrated theory in a meaningful way? Can I elaborate further to demonstrate the relevance of the idea and my understanding of it?
• Are my plans specific enough? Can I be more concrete?

When editing your draft, try colour coding each element of DIEP to be sure you have a balance of elements.

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Introduction to Reflection

There are many ways to produce reflection in writing. Try using these examples to kick-start your reflective writing.

Open each drop-down to see a different reflective writing example and exercise. 

The Six Minute Write (Bolton, 2014)

If you are being asked to write reflectively you may feel that you do not know where to begin. Bolton’s Six Minute Writing exercise is a useful way to help get you started.

Peter has just started a course to train to be a counsellor and his tutor is asking every student to reflect on their learning and the development of their interpersonal skills. Peter is unsure where to start as reflective writing is a new thing for him, so he decides to try the Six Minute Write.

“Well, I’ve never written anything like this before! When I wrote at school I was always told to be really careful – make sure your spelling and grammar are correct, don’t use abbreviations, make it sound formal. This feels quite liberating! But, is it any good? The tutor says ‘Just write what’s in your head’ so here goes.

Today we did our first role play exercises and how scary was that? I always knew that the course would involve this and I do enjoy talking with people, but trying out listening skills and asking open questions is all really difficult. I felt so nervous and forgot what to do. The people I was working with seemed so much better than me – I know I’ve got so much to learn it’s frightening. Will I ever be able to do this? I really don’t know, but I do know I’m going to try.”

Use Bolton’s (2014, p. 136) Six Minute Write exercise to begin any writing exercise, whether academic or reflective, personal or formal.

Here are Bolton’s pointers:

• Write for six minutes without stopping.
• Write whatever comes to mind and let your writing flow freely.
• Keep writing and do not pause to think too much about what you are writing.
• Do not pause to analyse what you have written, otherwise you will be tempted to write what you think you should write rather than what you want to write.
• Keep writing even if it does not make much sense to you.
• Do not worry about spelling, punctuation, grammar or jargon.
• Allow yourself to write anything.
• This is your writing and whatever you write is correct because it is yours. Remember, no-one else needs to read what you have written.
• Stop after six minutes and look at how much you have been able to write.

If we pay attention to how we think, we’ll soon notice that we are often in conversation with ourselves.

We have a kind of internal dialogue as we go about our day, making decisions (“The red top or the blue one?”) observing the world (“Beautiful day. But chilly. Where did I put my gloves?”) and maintaining self-awareness (“Oh goodness, she’s heading this way. You’re nervous? Interesting. Calm down. Be polite.”).

Reflective writing can take the shape of dialogue and be structured as a conversation with different aspects of yourself. We all have multiple identities (child, parent, student, employee, friend etc.) and each aspect of ourselves can take a different perspective on a situation.

Dialogic reflection harnesses these multiple perspectives to explore and inquire about ourselves in a certain situation, often when the purpose or outcome is unknown.

So now they’re encouraging us to try different types of reflective writing. I like the idea of this dialogical writing thing – feels like having a conversation with myself, so I think I’ll have a go. Not sure how it will pan out but I’m going to imagine talking with my organised self (OS) and my critical self (CS) and see how it goes.

OS – so doing really well at the moment, feeling pretty much on track with things and definitely on top.

CS – so how long do you think that will last? I know what you’re like! You always do this – think things are ok, sit back, relax and then get behind.

OS – do I? Umm… suppose you might be right…

CS – what do you mean, might be right?

OS – ok, you are right!

CS – and we know where this ends up, don’t we? Panic mode!

OS – and I need to avoid that. So, let’s think about what I can do. Look at the coming week and month and start planning!

Focus on an issue or concern that you have relating to your studies or practice. Imagine you are having a conversation with a friend about the issue because you want to get their perspective. Write a dialogue with “them” that explores your concerns. Raise any questions you’d like answered.

If need be, write another dialogue on the same issue with another “friend” to explore another perspective.

Once you’ve finished, re-read your conversation. Did your “friend” offer any new perspectives on the issue that hadn’t occurred to you before you began writing? Are any of these worth reflecting on further?

Driscoll (2007) What?, So what?, Now what?

Driscoll’s (2007) ‘What?’ model is a straightforward reflective cycle of 3 parts. Evolved from Borton’s (1970) Developmental Framework, it has 3 stages that ask us to consider What?, So what?, and Now what?

Step 1 – What? – involves writing a description of an event or an experience.

Step 2 – So what? – here we reflect on the event or experience and start to analyse selected aspects of it, considering why they were important and how they impacted the whole.

Step 3 – Now what? – a range of proposed action points are devised following the experience, focusing on what has been learned.

Dan is training to be a nurse in elderly care and wants to reflect on the experiences he is gaining on his placement. Dan decides to use the questions in Driscoll’s model to help him to begin to analyse what he is learning.

Step 1 – What?

Today I was observing an experienced community nurse change a dressing on a man’s leg that is badly infected. The man was nervous and became very distressed – he has had dressings replaced regularly and knows that the process is very painful. I felt awful about causing him more pain. The community nurse seemed very calm and spoke to him in a reassuring way. She asked him if he would like some pain relief and he said yes. She sat with him for ten minutes to make sure that the pain relief was working and spoke with him about his grandson’s visit that he was looking forward to at the weekend. This definitely seemed to put him at ease.

Step 2 – So what?

She made it all look so easy. How would I cope if I had to do this? As a nurse I am meant to relieve pain not cause it. She focused on the patient while I focused on myself.

Step 3 – Now what?

I learned a lot from the community nurse. She was very caring but firm. She knew the man’s dressing needed to be changed but did everything in a very calm and kind way. She distracted him and helped him to relax. These are all strategies that I can try in the future if I have to do this. Nursing isn’t only about my clinical skills; my interpersonal skills are vital, as is compassion and understanding for my patients.

Driscoll has formulated some useful questions to help us to use the model effectively, including:

Step 1 – What? – how did I react and what did others do who were involved?

Step 2 – So what? – do I feel troubled in any way, and if so, how?

Step 3 – Now what? – how can I change my approach if I face a similar situation again and what are my main learning points? What different options are there for me?

Write some notes about an experience you have had recently where you feel you have learned a lot. Can you use the stages of Driscoll’s cycle to develop this into a short reflection?

Note: Driscoll’s model is useful when you are new to professional practice and it seems like there is so much to learn. In particular, the question ‘Do I feel troubled in any way?’ is useful as our feelings can act as a prompt to deeper thinking. However, after a while you may find that you want to explore at a more complex level and move on to other approaches. It’s important to allow space for your reflective skills to develop in the same way as your professional skills.

Some small scale reflective questions :

• What were 3 things that went well today/this week? How do you know?
• What was a situation today/this week where I could have done better? How?
• What was your biggest challenge today/this week? How did you overcome it?
• What was the predominant feeling you had today/this week? Why?
• What made you happy/sad/frustrated/angry/etc today/this week? Can you find some way of having more or less of the identified aspects?

Some larger scale reflective questions :

• Am I optimising my time, energy and performance according to my values, goals and objectives?
• Am I making the most of opportunities available to me? Am I working effectively within any fixed restrictions? Where there are barriers, am I identifying them and tackling or circumventing them where possible?
• Do my values, goals and objectives still align with each other? Is this reflected in how I am spending my time?
• Are my goals still the right ones to deliver on my values? Should/Can I refine or revise the strategies I am using for fulfilling my values and goals?

Where you have been

Where you are now, related links, © 2021. this work is licensed under a cc by-nc-sa 4.0 license..

What Is Reflective Writing?

Written by Scott Wilson

What is a reflection in writing? Reflection in writing is the act of including analysis or perspective on the text within the text itself. It’s a technique that is used to examine and interpret a passage or event described in a written work, and can be either a literary device or a tool for self-analysis.

Commonly found in academia, reflective writing is a genre of essay that prompts the writer to tell about a meaningful personal experience and reflect on the lesson learned or how it changed their perspective. 

Though you will likely be tasked with exercises in reflection in academic setting, you will still be expected to take a creative approach in order to engage your readers.

Telling an engaging story is important here because your essay will be most effective when your readers find themselves leaning into the page, a physical posture of their interest. 

Like a mirror, reflective writing allows the writer and readers to look back at the text and themselves to uncover deeper meaning. This allows perspectives or unexamined aspects of the text that might otherwise be hidden to be discovered and unpacked.

For the author, reflection is an exercise in self-analysis. While writing reflectively, the writer is expected to examine their own reactions and to document them as they are writing. In works of fiction, the reflection may be undertaken on behalf of a narrator and used to weave additional drama or meaning into a work.

Reflective writing describes the internal reactions of the writer and uses them to interpret the events described in the text.

Although reflection is a subjective exercise, it is often used to inject more objectivity into writing. When the writer engages in reflective writing, they can take a step back and deliver more context in the piece. This offers them a path not only to greater understanding of their own instincts and ideas, but also for the reader to better understand the work.

Creative Writing Degrees Use Reflection as a Tool for Study and Storytelling

Reflective writing is a popular academic tool in general. Students asked to summarize assignments, or keep journals, or describe their experiences are all engaging in reflective writing assignments. The use of reflection creates an academic focus and draws more learning from a given experience by giving students time to think about both the lessons and their connections.

You can expect to be assigned quite a few reflective writing assignments in the average creative writing degree program. Just as in other academic fields, reflection is of the tools that professors use to help students understand their own process and how to deconstruct their own work to improve it. But it’s also training for using reflection creatively, as a device to create new and deeper experiences for their readers.

Self-reflective narrators like Holden Caulfield and Mr. Stevens makes works like The Catcher in the Rye , and The Remains of the Day the classic works of literature they are. While reflection offers the individual writer a tool for investigating their process and methods, it can also become a tool for injecting life and drama into characters and plots.

Where would Samuel Beckett be without the use of reflection in writing? Likely waiting on a break that never comes.

In other cases, such as the works of Milan Kundera, feature entire reflective philosophical essays, both shaping the characters and offering more universal truths that are an essential aspect of the story.

Creative writing students explore both those uses of reflective writing in other literary works and ways to use reflection in their own work and study. Assignments may ask for self-reflective essays exploring your ideas and works, or for you to incorporate reflective writing into those pieces themselves. Either way, expert professors help shape your sense of reflection and its uses through the study of creative writing.

The Components of Reflective Writing

Formulaic writing is never encouraged in creative writing, especially at the college level, but there are some key parts to reflective writing that cannot be ignored. Think of these elements as ingredients for a recipe. Key components of a reflective essay are:

• Description: Give a detailed account of the experience you had. Remember to treat your reader as though they are beside you during the experience, relying on the five senses to make the retelling of the event as real as possible. Be mindful of inundating your reader with details, instead choosing to focus on the ones that would leave holes in your story if you kept them out. 
• Interpretation: What’s your take on the episode? What did you learn? What does it mean? Is there something bigger than yourself that chose to teach you this lesson? Why you, why then, would you have learned the same lesson if it had happened at a different time in your life? All of these questions are starting points for reflection. The interpretation of the experience should be personal, almost to the point of feeling uncomfortable to write (respect your boundaries, but push them where you are able). 
• Evaluation: This is almost an extension of interpretation. Here, you will focus on the value of the lesson learned. You’re not here to only tell a good story about a personal experience, you’re here to explain what you learned from it and to tell your reader why it was so valuable. Maybe you don’t know the answer yet and will arrive at the conclusion as you’re planning it out. Reflective writing will be entertaining and empowering for your reader, but it offers the opportunity to be cathartic for you. Don’t be afraid to dig deep. 
• Planning: This is your opportunity to share what you are currently doing with the lesson learned or what you plan to do with it. Life lessons are inevitable, the meaning of them left to our own interpretation. Their power lies in how we reflect on them, how we use the experiences to change us in one way or another. There is potential here to let this part of the essay feel like a call to action for your reader, or to turn a little too sweet. If that’s your thing, go for it. But don’t feel pressured to turn this reflective essay into an after school special if what you experienced and what you learned ended on a sad or upsetting note. Be authentic in what you say and how you say it, whether it be happy, sad, or somewhere in between. The most important thing you can do in any of your writing is remain true to yourself. 

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Study Skills

Reflective practice toolkit, introduction.

• What is reflective practice?
• Everyday reflection
• Models of reflection
• Barriers to reflection
• Free writing
• Reflective writing exercise
• Bibliography

Many people worry that they will be unable to write reflectively but chances are that you do it more than you think!  It's a common task during both work and study from appraisal and planning documents to recording observations at the end of a module. The following pages will guide you through some simple techniques for reflective writing as well as how to avoid some of the most common pitfalls.

What is reflective writing?

Writing reflectively involves critically analysing an experience, recording how it has impacted you and what you plan to do with your new knowledge. It can help you to reflect on a deeper level as the act of getting something down on paper often helps people to think an experience through.

The key to reflective writing is to be analytical rather than descriptive. Always ask why rather than just describing what happened during an experience. 

Remember...

Reflective writing is...

• Written in the first person
• Free flowing
• A tool to challenge assumptions
• A time investment

Reflective writing isn't...

• Written in the third person
• Descriptive
• What you think you should write
• A tool to ignore assumptions
• A waste of time

Adapted from The Reflective Practice Guide: an Interdisciplinary Approach / Barbara Bassot.

You can learn more about reflective writing in this handy video from Hull University:

Created by SkillsTeamHullUni

• Hull reflective writing video transcript (Word)
• Hull reflective writing video transcript (PDF)

Where might you use reflective writing?

You can use reflective writing in many aspects of your work, study and even everyday life. The activities below all contain some aspect of reflective writing and are common to many people:

1. Job applications

Both preparing for and writing job applications contain elements of reflective writing. You need to think about the experience that makes you suitable for a role and this means reflection on the skills you have developed and how they might relate to the specification. When writing your application you need to expand on what you have done and explain what you have learnt and why this matters - key elements of reflective writing.

2. Appraisals

In a similar way, undertaking an appraisal is a good time to reflect back on a certain period of time in post. You might be asked to record what went well and why as well as identifying areas for improvement.

3. Written feedback

If you have made a purchase recently you are likely to have received a request for feedback. When you leave a review of a product or service online then you need to think about the pros and cons. You may also have gone into detail about why the product was so good or the service was so bad so other people know how to judge it in the future.

4. Blogging

Blogs are a place to offer your own opinion and can be a really good place to do some reflective writing. Blogger often take a view on something and use their site as a way to share it with the world. They will often talk about the reasons why they like/dislike something - classic reflective writing.

5. During the research process

When researchers are working on a project they will often think about they way they are working and how it could be improved as well as considering different approaches to achieve their research goal. They will often record this in some way such as in a lab book and this questioning approach is a form of reflective writing.

6. In academic writing

Many students will be asked to include some form of reflection in an academic assignment, for example when relating a topic to their real life circumstances. They are also often asked to think about their opinion on or reactions to texts and other research and write about this in their own work.

Think about ... When you reflect

Think about all of the activities you do on a daily basis. Do any of these contain elements of reflective writing? Make a list of all the times you have written something reflective over the last month - it will be longer than you think!

Reflective terminology

A common mistake people make when writing reflectively is to focus too much on describing their experience. Think about some of the phrases below and try to use them when writing reflectively to help you avoid this problem:

• The most important thing was...
• At the time I felt...
• This was likely due to...
• After thinking about it...
• I learned that...
• I need to know more about...
• Later I realised...
• This was because...
• This was like...
• I wonder what would happen if...
• I'm still unsure about...
• My next steps are...

Always try and write in the first person when writing reflectively. This will help you to focus on your thoughts/feelings/experiences rather than just a description of the experience.

Using reflective writing in your academic work

Many courses will also expect you to reflect on your own learning as you progress through a particular programme. You may be asked to keep some type of reflective journal or diary. Depending on the needs of your course this may or may not be assessed but if you are using one it's important to write reflectively. This can help you to look back and see how your thinking has evolved over time - something useful for job applications in the future. Students at all levels may also be asked to reflect on the work of others, either as part of a group project or through peer review of their work. This requires a slightly different approach to reflection as you are not focused on your own work but again this is a useful skill to develop for the workplace.

You can see some useful examples of reflective writing in academia from Monash University ,  UNSW (the University of New South Wales) and Sage . Several of these examples also include feedback from tutors which you can use to inform your own work.

Laptop/computer/broswer/research by StockSnap via Pixabay licenced under CC0.

Now that you have a better idea of what reflective writing is and how it can be used it's time to practice some techniques.

This page has given you an understanding of what reflective writing is and where it can be used in both work and study. Now that you have a better idea of how reflective writing works the next two pages will guide you through some activities you can use to get started.

• << Previous: Barriers to reflection
• Next: Free writing >>
• Last Updated: Jun 21, 2023 3:24 PM
• URL: https://libguides.cam.ac.uk/reflectivepracticetoolkit

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How To Write A Reflection Statement – A Step-By-Step Guide

Do you know how to write a reflection statement? In this post, we give you a clear process for writing reflection statements.

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Do you know how to write a reflection statement? Reflection statements are tasks that will increasingly be part of your assessments. In the past, reflection statements were only set for Extension 2. Now they will be commonplace in Advanced English for both Year 11 and Year 12.

In this post, we will demystify reflection statements and give you a step-by-step guide to producing statements that will impress your teachers!

What is a Reflection Statement?

A reflection statement is a complementary task that will accompany other assessment types. A reflection statement requires students to discuss the process of producing the associated assessment task.

In a reflection statement, students need to explain why they made the decisions they did. The reflection statement also offers the student an opportunity to say what they think they did well, or did poorly. Students can reflect on what they would change if they could do it over.

If you want to learn more about why self-reflection is such an important skill for students, you should read this excellent article by Cathy Costello at Virtual library .

Why can’t you give a specific definition of what reflection tasks involve?

The exact nature of the reflection task will depend on the assessment task you’ve been asked to reflect on. To give you an idea of this, we’ll look at some examples of the tasks that reflection statements might accompany and what the reflection statements need to address.

As you can see, there are a wide variety of tasks where you could be asked to provide an accompanying reflection task.

How long is a reflection statement?

This will vary.

English Extension 2 reflection statements need to be 1500 words. If you’re not doing English Extension 2, it is unlikely that you will be required to produce something that long.

The tasks you will be set for English Advanced will range between 300 and 800 words. Most reflection tasks will be on the shorter side of things at around the 400-word mark.

Need help perfecting your reflections for Module C?

Learn how to write insightful and constructive reflections with our structured online video lessons, quality resources, and forums to ask your Matrix teachers questions and feedback! Learn more about Matrix+ Online Courses now. 

Where will I encounter reflection statements?

You will be set reflective statements throughout Years 11 and 12. They can be attached to any assessment task for any Module.

However, due to the nature of the Common Module: Reading to Write it is likely you will be set one to accompany the main writing task for that Module.

Similarly, in Year 12, Common Module: Texts and Human Experience and Module C: The Craft of Writing are the most likely Modules where you will be asked to reflect on your process of composing.

Remember, there is no limit on how many reflections you will need to produce as they supplement a larger assessment task. You may need to write as many as two in both Year 11 and Year 12.

In the HSC English Advanced Paper 2 (from 2019) and HSC English Extension 1 Paper, you may be asked to write a composition and a reflection statement.

If you study English Extension 2, this is a mandatory accompaniment for your major work. (Please note, while the process discussed in this post is similar to the one for producing an Extension 2 reflection statement, it does not discuss the research and referencing components that you need to complete for an Extension 2 work).

Clearly, it is important to be confident writing reflection statements. Matrix students learn how to produce reflection statements and get help refining them.

The secret to producing killer reflection statements is to follow a process when writing them.

What we’ll do now is look at the process for how to produce ace your reflection statement.

How to write a Reflection Statement – a step-by-step guide

Like everything in English, there is a process you can follow to produce a reflection statement. Even though the specific task may vary. The process for writing the reflection will largely remain the same.

The process for writing reflection statements looks like this:

Step 1: Produce the main piece of work for the assessment

Reflection statements are never tasks in and of themselves, they supplement the main task. You will not be able to produce your reflection statement until you have completed and edited your main task.

If you are stuck on your main task and need help, you should read our Beginner’s Guide to Acing HSC English  for detailed advice on all aspects of Year 11 and 12 English.

This can be useful. You may well discover that your reflection statement makes you reconsider some of your choices in your main task. In the process of writing your reflection statement, you may decide you need to redraft your main work.

This is one of the key purposes of writing a reflection statement. It forces you to consider what you have produced and the process of producing it. This is a key part of editing and improving your work.

Step 2: Read the assessment notification

Once you’ve produced your main piece of work, you need to revisit your assessment notification. A task that involves a reflection statement will come in two sections:

• Section 1 will be the instructions for the main task;
• Section 2 will be the instructions for the supplementary reflection task.

Rereading the notification is important as it will help you check that you have completed the main task correctly. It will also tell you exactly what you need to do for the second part of the task.

Step 3: Read the marking criteria

For every assessment task that you are given, you MUST be given accompanying marking criteria. Marking criteria are very important. They tell you explicitly what you need to do to get full marks for a specific task.

Reading through the marking criteria at this point serves two purposes:

• You can double check that you have addressed all the criteria for a Band 6 result for your main task.
• You can see what you need to do to achieve a Band 6 result for your reflection statement.

Your reflection statement may have very different requirements for a Band 6 mark than your main task. It is important that you are aware of the differences.

Step 4: Unpack what the reflection statement needs you to discuss for a Band 6 result

Now you’re familiar with the notification and marking criteria for the assessment task, you need to get these understandings down in writing.

To do this, you need to take a few steps:

• Read through the instructions for the task and highlight or underline the keywords (these will usually be the verbs and nouns in the instructions).
• Now you want to write these words down and define them. If you are unsure of a what a word means, that’s okay. Look it up. This is how you expand your vocabulary.
• Next, do the same for the marking criteria. Underline what you feel are the keywords and terms. Again, write them down and define them.
• Now you need to write down what you need to do for a Band 6 result. To do this, write down the instructions in your own words. Include what you need to do for a Band 6 mark in this instruction. Be sure to make note of whether this is meant to be written informally or formally, in the first or third person. You must follow the instruction regarding form for these tasks.

Now you’ve unpacked the question. This means you are now equipped to answer the question you’ve been set.

Next, you need to revisit your main task so you can see what you’ve done and evaluate how you’ve put it together.

Step 5: Reread what you have produced for your main task

Your reflection statement will require you to explain the choices you’ve made in your main composition.

You may not have thought too much about these things when you produced the work. And this is fine. It just doesn’t help you with the reflections statement.

If this is you, you need to read your work with an eye on how you have conveyed information. You must unpack how you have presented your ideas. Essentially, you need to reverse engineer your writing through textual analysis.

Some useful questions to ask yourself when doing this are:

• How does my work address the assessment instructions and marking criteria?
• What am I trying to convey here?
• How does this part of my work address the marking criteria?
• What technique have I used to convey meaning?
• Why have I used that technique?
• Could I have conveyed this idea differently? Would this have been more effective? Why?

Make notes while you do this. You want to be able to refer back to your findings in detail when you write the reflection statement.

Once you’ve finished this, you’re ready to start planning. By now you should have:

• A detailed breakdown of what your task requires you to discuss in your reflection statement and how to discuss it.
• A detailed set of notes about the piece you have produced for the main task.

Step 6: Plan your reflection statement

As with any task, you want to plan things before you get stuck in. Planning your work forces you to consider what information you must include and how you will structure that information in your response. This is an important part of the critical thinking process.

Reflection statements need to have structure, too.

You need to ensure that you introduce your ideas clearly, then expand on them, and, finally, summarise and conclude your statement. Even if you only need to produce a 250-word paragraph, you still need to ensure that it follows the conventions of composition structure. You will lose marks for presenting idea soup.

To plan your response, you’ll need to get your notes on the task and your notes on your response together. Then:

• Read through your notes on the question. Remind yourself what you need to discuss in your reflection statement.
• Write down what you will discuss in your reflection statement.
• Now you need to think about what parts of your main task you will discuss. To do this, refer to your notes about your main task. Ask yourself, “which parts of my task are most relevant to what the task is asking me to discuss?”
• Note down what you think will be the order for presenting your reflection. For example, you may want to start with your structural decisions before discussing your use of techniques or you may want to discuss your influences before discussing your ideas.

Once you’ve got your plan together, you’re ready to write. Matrix students get advice on their assessment tasks from their Matrix Tutors and Teachers. It might be helpful to ask a peer or parent for their thoughts if your school teacher can’t provide advice.

Step 7: Write your introductory statement

The length of your introduction will be contingent on the specifics of your task:

• If your reflection statement is less than 400 words, you will need to produce one or two sentences.
• If you are writing a longer reflection statement of more than 400 words, you will need to write a short introduction.
• If you are producing an Extension 2 reflection statement, this will need to be a longer and more detailed introductory paragraph.

When writing your introduction, you must:

• Introduce the topic you will discuss;
• Explain how this reflects on the work that you are discussing;
• Make reference to the Module you are studying.

Once you have produced your introduction, you are now ready to develop your discussion and discuss the specifics of your main piece of work.

Step 8: Write the body of your argument

Now you’ve introduced your subject matter you need to start presenting an argument. Even though you are reflecting on your own work, you still need to use examples to demonstrate how you’ve set about responding to the main task.

You will need to present several examples to support your argument, but the number of examples will vary depending on the length of the task you’ve been set.

For a shorter reflection, try to present two or three examples and discuss them in detail. If you need to produce several paragraphs, you should be aiming at around four per paragraph.

To do this:

• Introduce the idea you were trying to convey (this might be an influence on your work, a technique you’ve tried to use, or a theme you’ve tried to explore).
• Present an example of this idea.
• Explain how you have attempted to use or explore this idea.
• Explain how this addresses the instructions and marking criteria for the task.
• Explain how this is relevant to the Module you are studying.
• Comment on other choices you could have made and why you didn’t use the other option.
• Repeat this for each example that you need to support your point.

Once you’ve done this, you need to conclude your reflection.

Step 9: Write your concluding statement

Your final statement needs to address the broad idea you have discussed in your response. It will need to be at least two sentences. A longer reflection will require a longer concluding statement; if you had a separate introduction you will require a separate conclusion.

To write your concluding statement:

• Summarise the key ideas that you have discussed.
• Make a statement about what you have taken away from your study of the Module and the process of producing this task and reflecting on it.

Now you need to revise what you’ve written.

Step 10: Proof and edit your work

It is really important that you proof and edit your work before submitting. You don’t want to throw away marks on typos and unnecessary grammatical errors. Proofing your work is something you must do after you finish any task.

To proof your reflection statement:

• Reread your summary of the notification of the task and the marking criteria.
• Read your reflection statement aloud.
• Whenever you encounter a mistake or a sentence that sounds ungrammatical, correct it.
• Pay attention to the logic of your argument. Does it make sense?
• Ask yourself, have I addressed the instructions for the task?
• Ask yourself, have I addressed the marking criteria for a Band 6 response.
• Redraft your reflection statement in its entirety. Don’t submit your first draft. Your second draft will always be better.

If you would like to know more about the editing process, you should read Part 7 of our Beginner’s Guide to Acing HSC English: How to Edit Your Work .

Now you’ve finished a second draft you can submit. If you can, you should try and get some feedback. Matrix students get regular feedback from their Matrix Tutors and Teachers. Feedback on your work allows you to take somebody else’s perspective and use it to improve your marks.

Written by Matrix English Team

© Matrix Education and www.matrix.edu.au, 2023. Unauthorised use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Matrix Education and www.matrix.edu.au with appropriate and specific direction to the original content.

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Reflective Writing

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Questioning your analysis of the experience is an important element of reflective writing, and is a good way to include critical writing in your essay.

In our writing, we need to to evidence that we have questioned our analysis .

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In-verse reflection: structured creative writing exercises to promote reflective learning in medical students

• Open access
• Published: 20 May 2022
• Volume 43 , pages 493–504, ( 2022 )

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• David McLean 1 ,
• Neville Chiavaroli   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-1488-9747 2 , 3 ,
• Charlotte Denniston   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-3654-6721 3 &
• Martin Richardson 1  

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Medical educators recognize the value of reflection for medical students and the role creative writing can play in fostering this. However, direct creative writing tasks can be challenging for many students, particularly those with limited experience in the arts and humanities. An alternative strategy is to utilize an indirect approach, engaging students with structured tasks that obliquely encourage reflection. This paper reports one such approach. We refer to this approach as in-verse reflection , playing on both the structure of the writing and its novel approach to reflection. Students were invited to write, in verse-like structures, about their personal and clinical experiences as medical students. Thematic analysis of their creative outputs and reactions identified four principal themes: the challenges of life as a medical student, the emotional demands of the medical course, a sense of connectedness and solidarity with fellow students, and a sense of marginality within the hospital system. Students generally found the tasks highly engaging and conducive to reflection, producing texts representing significant insights into their experiences as medical students. The reported method offers a relatively simple, structured, and guided approach to reflective writing, adding to the repertoire of methods available to educators in the medical humanities.

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Introduction

Reflective writing is increasingly seen as an important educational practice in medical and health professional education to help achieve desired learning outcomes such as communication, empathy, and professionalism (Moniz et al. 2015 ). Medical educators may use a variety of writing tasks and forms to engage students and foster reflection, including focused essays, journal entries, and creative writing tasks (Green et al. 2016 ; Kerr 2010 ). While the potential value of reflective writing is widely acknowledged, unstructured approaches may be hampered by student reluctance or hesitation to engage or participate meaningfully (Aronson 2011 ; Sandars 2009 ). In particular, the individual free writing approach typical of many written exercises may not align with contemporary students’ preference for group-based and creative activities (Sandars 2009 ). On the other hand, tightly structured or focused reflective writing tasks, especially those that are summatively assessed, may be viewed cynically by students, who often aim to give teachers the responses they think educators are looking for (Belling 2011 ; Birden and Usherwood 2013 ).

In our second-year medical program, we initiated an approach to guide and promote student reflection of their clinical learning experiences, the implementation of which was feasible for educators and genuinely engaging for students. To do so, we drew on short and structured creative writing exercises with the aim of guiding and prompting students to think about their professional journeys and experiences. Our approach is based primarily on the first author’s educational practice of using such activities in English classes in a secondary school setting (McLean 2020 ). This approach has been relatively under-utilized in the creative writing practices currently employed and represented in medical education (Bolton 1999 ; Cowen et al. 2016 ; Kerr 2010 ; Morris 2001 ). As many educators have pointed out, explicit creative writing tasks can form barriers for students for several reasons, including the belief that they do not have the necessary writing skills, an unease about exercises that have no single correct response, or a discomfort with emotionally laden issues (Kerr 2010 ; Sandars 2009 ; Shapiro et al. 2009 ). This arguably applies even more so to poetic writing, where the ambiguity and fluidity of language and meaning can significantly deter students unfamiliar with the genre (Wellbery 2006 ). However, as Johanna Shapiro has shown in her book The Inner World of Medical Students ( 2009 ), there are numerous medical students who are (or become) very comfortable and proficient in reflecting through poetry and verse and who derive great benefit and meaning from engaging in this format. For them—and potentially their peers—the poetic form can be liberating and enabling.

Our approach aims to draw on the power of poetic form and ideas while attempting to address the challenges it can present to medical students. We generate short, simple, and structured tasks which, while not presented as poetry as such, do produce writing with a poetry-like structure. We refer to this method as in-verse reflection , playing on both the structure of the writing and its indirect approach to reflection. In this method, the focus is (seemingly) on the structured sequence of instructions rather than the creative process/product; the reflective component occurs almost incidentally, although no less significantly, through both the activity itself and the ensuing collaborative discussion. Through such seemingly trivial writing tasks, we engage students who are usually outcome-oriented and assessment-driven in creative and fun activities that can, nevertheless, lead to insightful and often quite profound writing and reflection. Essentially, we aim to awaken reflection in students instead of attempting to guarantee it through more direct and potentially constrained approaches (Saeverot 2022 ). It is, in some ways, a form of gentle misdirection—or, speaking more pedagogically, it uses indirection as a way of fostering reflection.

The use of indirect techniques and pedagogies has a strong base in both education and humanities disciplines, where indirection is defended as frequently desirable, if not necessary, to generate reflective insights and meanings that may be limited by direct communication or transmission of knowledge (Fraser 2020 ; Saeverot 2022 ). The theory of indirection is notably, and more popularly, represented in the book Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain by Betty Edwards ( 1979 ), which teaches drawing through the strategy of turning the figure upside down and forcing the brain to forego the assumptions and expectations of conventional orientation, bringing intuitive and spontaneous elements to the fore. The use of indirection is also not new in medical education. Both Bleakley ( 2015 , 146) and Belling ( 2011 ) report on the use of indirection in “art rounds” in medical contexts. As Belling explains, commenting on the research study of Gaufberg and Williams ( 2011 ), museum objects were used to promote reflection in medical students by focusing primarily on the art object itself rather than the transferable skills. While such skills-based approaches are not uncommon in the medical humanities (Blease 2016 ; Chiavaroli et al. 2018 ), they can come unstuck in the context of teaching for reflection. As Belling argues, “authentic personal responsiveness” is integral to reflection ( 2011 , 580), and overly didactic approaches to teaching it, even when using creative products, can inadvertently elicit superficial or even cynical responses. Furthermore, drawing inspiration from Emily Dickinson’s notion of telling the truth slant , some medical educators seek to use poetry’s natural affinity for indirection to enable students to produce experiential insights about their professional development (Gaufberg and Batalden 2007 ; Shapiro and Stein 2005 ). Such an approach, Shapiro and Stein write, “allows learners to more easily examine intangible aspects of their relational experiences in medical school. Issues that seem straightforward when organized through the well-defined and prescribed formulas of the case presentation yield other interpretations when explored in verse” ( 2005 , 279). In the study reported here, we sought to utilize these very advantages of verse writing and indirect reflection by using creative tasks that were more guided and structured than might typically be the case with poetry sessions.

The second year of the medical course marks the transition from a pre-clinical campus-based first year to clinically based learning for the graduate-entry Doctor of Medicine (MD). The Epworth Hospital is one of the smaller clinical schools of the Melbourne University Medical School, with approximately 15–20 students based at the hospital for their second-year clinical rotations (from a full second-year cohort of approximately 350 students). As such, there was an opportunity to engage with students in creative reflective exercises that may not have been possible in larger cohorts. Our aim was to enable reflection on clinical learning experiences through creative exercises and to balance the otherwise dominant science basis of the clinical curriculum while introducing students to alternative ways of knowing in medicine, such as those associated with the medical humanities (Chiavaroli et al. 2018 ; Jones et al. 2019 ). The cohort of second-year MD students from the Melbourne University Medical School based at the Epworth Hospital was invited to participate in four one-hour workshops. The workshops reported in this paper were conducted throughout the course of 2019. Ethics approval for the study was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne.

The workshops consisted of several writing tasks designed to stimulate creative responses about students’ clinical education experiences. They were not cumulative or sequential in orientation, though each provided an opportunity for students to take a more holistic view of their experience. Participation was entirely voluntary, and there was no assessment attached to the workshops. Sessions were scheduled during March, May, August, and October to coincide with the timing of different clinical rotations (namely, Foundation, General Medicine, Surgery, and Emergency Medicine). Table 1 below outlines the nature of the tasks used in each workshop.

At the completion of each session, students were invited to share with the group the writing they had produced. Not all students chose to do so, but the majority at each workshop did. Students were also asked to provide a few lines reflecting on the nature of the activity in which they had participated. These reflections were anonymously written and collected in such a way that would not identify students while still providing useful evaluative reflections about the activities for us as educators. Each workshop, therefore, produced both creative products and explicit reflections from each student on the activities by way of workshop outputs.

The authors analyzed the collected data for prevalence and significance, following the protocol for qualitative thematic analysis outlined by Braun and Clarke ( 2006 ). All authors read through the data independently, coding for significant ideas and collating relevant data into key themes, and then met to compare and discuss codes and resultant themes. All authors discussed and debated the allocation of codes and their merging into broader themes until agreement was reached on the main themes presented below (Table 3 ). Although analysis commenced at the end of the first task, results were not used to modify subsequent tasks, which had already been planned and developed.

Fifteen medical students from the 2019 cohort participated in at least one workshop; eight students attended two sessions, and four attended three sessions. No student attended all four sessions. In total, 51 discrete creative products were generated by the participating students. Sample creative pieces are shown in Table 2 below. These are presented here solely as examples of the kind of writing produced through each task rather than as representing any particular theme or quality.

Alongside the creative pieces, the students also provided 32 anonymous comments about their experiences in participating in the workshops. This provided evaluative data about the impact of the workshop, albeit at the level of student reactions only (Kirkpatrick 1996 ). Through the thematic analysis of students’ written products and reflections on the activities, we identified four key themes about students’ clinical learning experiences:

the challenges of life as a medical student;

the emotional demands of the medical course;

a sense of connectedness and solidarity (with fellow students); and

a sense of marginality (within the hospital system).

In addition to the above course-related themes, students’ evaluative comments on the nature of the creative activity itself were collated into a separate theme of Student Reactions. These themes are illustrated in Table 3 , with representative comments drawn from students’ evaluative comments. Again, these examples are intended as illustrative only.

For many medical educators with backgrounds in the humanities or a deep appreciation of the arts, the idea of using creative activities to help students write and reflect seems quite intuitive. This works well for the many medical students who have experience in such curricula and activities; for other students, however, the road to medical school has been paved with scientific textbooks and long hours of rote learning. Creative writing or reflection may not feel or come naturally in such a context. As many educators have noted (Kerr 2010 ; Sandars 2009 ; Shapiro et al. 2009 ), many students do not see themselves as writers or struggle to know what to write about in conventional reflection exercises. And, of course, the verse form itself is an unfamiliar and potentially intimidating genre for many medical students. In presenting the verse structure in such a structured and somewhat mechanical way, we encouraged and enabled our students to write and think quite differently from the objective, convergent ways more commonly utilized in the medical curriculum, aided by the apparent freedom of the indirect approach to reflection.

Despite some initial hesitation and uncertainty, students engaged positively and collaboratively with the activities. Part of this engagement is undoubtedly attributable to the voluntary nature of participation in the workshop, but the challenge and unfamiliarity posed by these tasks should not be underestimated. Both the nature of the activities and openness of the tasks were very different from the type of logico-deductive ways of thinking and factual scientific content that dominate the medical curriculum (Bleakley 2015 ), and several students noted this in their evaluative comments (e.g., “I have not approached reflection in this format before. … reflection does not have to be incredibly time consuming or daunting” [I19]). We believe the constrained and structured set of instructions provided important focus and guidance to the students (Aronson 2011 ), enabling them to overcome initial uncertainties and produce verse-like compositions that appeared to meaningfully represent their own clinical experiences while also resonating deeply with their peers. Many of the students’ verses were insightful and highly evocative; we would even say poetic , though this was not the point of the exercise.

From the students’ evaluative comments, it was clear that the commonality of their experiences and reactions evoked a strong sense of solidarity and relief, as others were experiencing similar feelings about the course and their sense of emerging professional identities. Many students mentioned the sense of camaraderie among the students during the exercise, and several comments related to the affective dimension of the exercise. As one student remarked: “The thought-provoking nature of these sessions has allowed me an opportunity to re-appreciate the exquisiteness of abstraction. I forgot how interesting things are” (B19). Many students reported that the tasks were actually fun —certainly more fun than they had anticipated—and something not necessarily associated with a medical course. Even those students who struggled somewhat with the indirectness of the tasks (e.g., students D19 and O19 in Table 3 ) still generally responded positively to the sessions.

We see other connections between the in-verse reflection approach and the broader project of the humanities in medical education, besides the use of indirection. The humanities continue to be a source of renewal and diverse pedagogies for medical curricula, being utilized in various ways and for different purposes. Initially, its primary role was to support the learning of clinical skills (Blease 2016 ), such as communication, empathy, and teamwork. Medical humanities scholars have extended this scope to more epistemological rationales that include clinical reasoning and personal identity formation (Bleakley 2015 ; Boudreau and Fuks 2015 ; Chiavaroli 2017 ; Moreno-Leguizamon et al. 2015 ) as a counterbalance to the dominant scientific and technological foundation of medical practice (Montgomery 2006 ; Whitehead 2013 ). We see the in-verse reflection approach as applicable to both instrumental and epistemological orientations depending on the emphasis placed on the activities as either a means of facilitating reflection or a broader way of prompting students to think differently about their clinical learning experiences.

Another connection with pedagogical practice in the humanities is the notion of “playful learning,” a relatively well-utilized pedagogy in school contexts (Kangas et al. 2017 ; Mardell et al. 2019 , 232) and one that is emerging in higher education (Forbes 2021 ), especially in the humanities disciplines (Jensen et al. 2022 ). We had certainly hoped that our students would find the activities fun, but we were surprised at the number of comments that reflected enjoyment even alongside confusion or bewilderment. Some students even appreciated the humor inherent in the approach (e.g., “Adding humor is therapeutic in reflection and allowed me to overcome thoughts and experiences that were previously avoided or swept under the rug” [F19]). Of course, ours is not the only method to draw on this element of humanities pedagogy; a similar underlying spirit can also be seen in the successful use of comics and other creative practices in medical education (Green 2013 ; Shapiro et al. 2021 ; Maatman et al. 2021 ). Such playful learning can be a valuable counter to the typical emphasis on the “logics of efficiency, competition and achievement” (Jensen et al. 2022 , 206) that can characterize many medical courses, while other research suggests that play promotes learning and engagement and helps create relational safety and positive affect and motivation (Forbes 2021 ). Jensen et al. ( 2022 ) go further to draw more direct links with humanities pedagogies:

Addressing teaching activities as playful relates to broader aspects of humanities in higher education that aim to support the students’ development of judgment and active engagement in learning; of their individual, professional and social identity; and of meaningful life choices within and beyond their education. (199)

These are exactly the kind of broad epistemological perspectives and cognitive skills we want our medical students to acquire, alongside the necessary and obviously important scientific and clinical knowledge required for good medical practice. The in-verse reflection method appears to tap into this vein of playful learning, providing an adaptable and useful framework for incorporating such an approach into medical education. Even with the relatively limited sessions and non-compulsory participation, the mix of serious insight with lighthearted and occasionally wry sentiments is a marked feature of the students’ outputs.

Nonetheless, we recognize that many students may find the indirect and playful nature of the tasks potentially irrelevant or even disconcerting. While this can be a useful source of “creative tension” in reflective activities (Wald 2015 , 702), it may also point to the challenges of trying to balance an entire science-focused curriculum with a few short voluntary creative sessions. As educators, we certainly need to acknowledge and respect that not all students will warm to such activities, but our results encourage us that most students are prepared to give it a genuine try. Ultimately, though, we see the in-verse approach as an additional method for engaging students in reflective practice to be used alongside more direct and conventional approaches to facilitate reflection in medical students.

Several other limitations of this study are also acknowledged. The number of participants was relatively small and limited to a single clinical learning site. The site itself may also limit generalizability in the sense that, as the most recently instituted clinical school of the MD program, there may well be an openness to innovative approaches that may not be easily adopted at larger, more well-established clinical schools. The evaluation component of the workshops, of course, only gathered immediate responses, and further systematic follow-up is planned. Finally, we did not attempt to compare our approach with more conventional, direct methods for reflection, which could be expected to yield useful insights. Our primary aim in attempting this novel and alternative approach was to encourage busy and assessment-focused medical students to take time out from their clinical schedule and, through fun, collaborative, and relatively efficient creative activities, explore the potential of reflective practice in all its guises. We believe our findings, however early and provisional, offer considerable promise when it comes to the value of such indirect and playful approaches to reflection through writing. To be able to generate such profound and relatable themes in a few sessions with very brief writing tasks was a significant outcome.

The in-verse reflection approach appears to offer a feasible and stimulating opportunity to engage students with reflection about their learning while providing a sense of connectedness and an invaluable opportunity to share and discuss their clinical experiences and the process of professional identity formation. It does so through short, enjoyable, and structured creative exercises. The highly relevant and insightful nature of the creative outputs produced by the students point to the potential value of indirectness and playfulness when utilizing humanities approaches in medical education contexts. The described method adds to the repertoire of techniques to facilitate genuine reflection in medical students and can potentially assist medical schools in finding the necessary space in the curriculum for such activities.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful and constructive comments on earlier versions of this manuscript.

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DM and MR conceived and implemented the method described in this paper. NC and CD supported the educational application of the approach and its theoretical framework. The collected data were jointly analyzed and interpreted by all authors. The paper was drafted by DM and NC and revised critically by all authors for intellectual content. NC and DM completed the final draft. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.

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McLean, D., Chiavaroli, N., Denniston, C. et al. In-verse reflection: structured creative writing exercises to promote reflective learning in medical students. J Med Humanit 43 , 493–504 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10912-022-09740-7

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What Is Reflective Writing?

Suraj and Simon are two high school students who had to team up for a class project. Within a few…

Suraj and Simon are two high school students who had to team up for a class project. Within a few weeks of working together, both of them realized that they have differing views about the project and can’t collaborate together. They communicate this with their teacher and the teacher asks them to reflect on the past few weeks—identify the challenges and write down the pain points that led them to their decision.

In this scenario, the teacher tries to help both Suraj and Simon out by encouraging them to practice self-reflection. An essential workplace skill, self-reflection is fundamental to our growth and development. Reflective writing is a great way to rewind your life and look at it from a different angle.

Meaning Of Reflective Writing

The process of reflective writing, importance of reflective writing at work.

Before we look at the various meanings and examples of reflective writing, let’s understand what the term ‘reflection’ stands for. At its simplest, reflection refers to a mental process that helps in processing and articulating events from the past. It’s a careful consideration of our thoughts and beliefs as we assess our assumptions and reactions to a certain event. Thanks to reflection, we’re able to process emotions and act and move forward in a thoughtful way.

Reflective writing requires you to analyze, describe and evaluate past situations. By evaluating experiences, you’re able to develop new insights that are instrumental to developing new outlooks. Recollecting instances from your past and writing them down is a fruitful way of examining your response to an event. Thinking about how it affected your life and how you could do things differently are the cornerstones of self-improvement.

Here are a few examples of reflective writing in everyday situations:

Self-review or peer reviews

Feedback about a program, reflective journal or log at work, the process of reflective writing.

As we’ve already established, reflective writing is a mental process involving contemplation and consideration. Before we look at the process involved in reflection, let’s look at the factors that influence your reflective writing style.

Why are you writing it?

Are others going to read it, how do you feel about writing, what are the emotions you’re experiencing, how capable are you of writing reflectively.

Now that you’ve considered multiple factors, let’s look at the important focus areas when it comes to reflective writing.

Description

Provides information about what you’re reflecting on—it can be a personal experience or a topic.

Interpretation

You need to focus on the event, idea or analysis that you feel is most important. For example, identifying whether your previous job experience was good or bad.

Without takeaways, your reflective writing piece remains incomplete. Understand what you’ve learned and what you’re going to focus on, going forward.

Reflecting on work experiences is crucial as it helps us think about the realities of our work environment and where our strengths and weaknesses lie. In addition to identifying personal areas of growth, it helps us develop career ideas. For example, interviewers often ask job seekers questions such as ‘where would you like to see yourself in five years?’ Reflective writing helps in crafting answers and seeking out information that tells us where our interests, passions and values lie.

If you’re preparing for your next job interview, use this reflective writing format as a template.

<Introduction: Talk about why you were part of the event, the daily activities associated with it and the relevant experience you gained.>

<Main Body: Describe your past accomplishments and how your performance made a difference. Provide examples of any new skills or knowledge you acquired. Provide relevant details of how you applied your skills and gained new experiences.>

<Conclusion: End your reflection with an explanation about how the past experience was. Talk about how it helped you and how it contributed to your professional development.>

Everyone has their own style of writing and that’s the best part about it. Having your unique writing style adds flavor, especially when it comes to self-reflection. If you want to sharpen your writing skills and deliver your thoughts with clarity, turn to Harappa’s  Writing Proficiently course. This online writing course will help you structure your thoughts, polish your writing style and teach you to write clearly, concisely and compellingly. The Pyramid Principle in particular will help you present key points of messages upfront with supporting evidence. Discover how to tell a story with every communication you draft!

Explore topics such as What are  Written Communication  Skills, Different Types of  Writing Styles , Examples of  Descriptive Writing , What is  Narrative Writing , Common  Persuasive Writing  Techniques & The Importance Of  Expository Writing  and learn to draft well-crafted messages to convey your ideas and intentions.