how to write slurred speech

What Is Considered a Drunk Text?

A drunk text is a message sent after drinking alcohol. It usually involves saying things you wouldn't say when you are sober, which is why they are mostly considered embarrassing or a mistake.

For example, it could include sending an "I miss you" text to your ex, an expression of love to someone you are attracted to, or a hook-up text.

Because you are drunk typing, the text usually has bad grammar, non-existent or overused punctuation, and poor spelling. It can be difficult for the receiver to decipher what a drunk text means and what is actually being said.

People can usually tell if you've been drinking because of the time of day (usually late at night or in the early hours) and because of the bad spelling.

How to Act Drunk Over Text

Here's how to act drunk over text if you want to pretend you've been drinking:

• Don't use grammar or don't use it properly
• Skip using punctuation or use too much of it e.g. "You should come out!!!!!!!"
• Misspell words
• Send 1-2 short messages in a row
• Use emojis excessively
• Express feelings you may not express if you were sober or say random things that are on your mind

These are some very obvious signs of a drunk text.

How to Drunk Text

To drunk text someone, you can:

• Actually get drunk - (but you may regret it the next morning!)
• Simulate a drunk text by following the rules above - (although be careful not to get caught out!)
• Use the drunk text generator - it quickly (and believably) converts your message from English to drunk in a matter of seconds

The easiest way to drunk text is to use the drunk text simulator.

The slurred speech generator instantly converts your text from English to drunk. The tool is clever and believably misspells words by switching letters that are close to one another on a keyboard.

For example, when you type "A", it may replace it with Q, W, S, or Z.

How Does the Drunk Text Generator Work?

Here's how to use the drunk text generator:

• Type or paste your text into the box
• Select drunkenness level
• Click "Generate Drunk Text"
• Your drunk text will automatically appear
• Copy, WhatsApp, or Tweet the drunk text instantly using the share buttons

• Slurred Speech

6 Causes of Slurred Speech

Slurred speech quiz

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6 most common cause(s)

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What is slurred speech?

Slurred speech is when you have trouble speaking, your words are slow or garbled, or your words run together. When you talk, many components of your nervous system work together to form words. When these parts don’t work correctly, your speech can become distorted, or “slurred.” The medical term for slurred speech is dysarthria.

Slurred speech includes problems pronouncing words and regulating the speed or pace of your speech. It can range from a barely noticeable problem to one that’s so severe that others can’t understand what you’re saying.

People often describe slurred speech as feeling like you’re trying to talk with your mouth full of marbles.

Common causes of slurred or slow speech include drinking too much alcohol and not getting enough sleep. In these cases, the slurring will stop once you’re sober again and have gotten rest, respectively.

There are also other causes of slurred speech such as a stroke (a medical emergency), brain tumor, Bell’s palsy, or a serious migraine.

Does slurred speech always need to be treated?

"People often think slurred speech is a minor symptom that does not need a medical evaluation. As our speech and ability to speak is our main form of communication, it is important to look for correctable causes." — Dr. Karen Hoerst

Should I go to the ER for slurred speech?

You should call 911 if:

• Your slurred speech starts suddenly.
• You have other symptoms, such as a sudden or severe headache and weakness or numbness of one side of your body.
• Your tongue, face, or lips are swelling, which could mean you’re having an allergic reaction.

1. Stroke or TIA (transient ischemic attack)

• Slurred speech
• Drooping of one side of the face
• Weakness or trouble controlling one side of the body
• Numbness in the face , arm , or leg
• Difficulty walking
• Sudden loss of vision or double vision
• Sudden, severe headache

A stroke occurs in the brain because the blow flow in a blood vessel is blocked. It can also happen when a blood vessel ruptures or leaks. This affects the blood supply to parts of the brain, which leads long-term damage. If it affects the area of the brain responsible for speech, it can cause slurred speech.

A transient ischemic attack , or TIA, is sometimes called a "mini stroke." A TIA is a temporary interruption of blood flow that causes the same symptoms as a stroke, but improves without any permanent damage to the brain or symptoms.

For example, if you have slurred speech because of a TIA, once the blood flow is restored to that area of the brain, the slurred speech goes away. But people who have a TIA are at a high risk of having a stroke in the future, especially if their risk factors are not treated. Risk factors are the same for stroke and TIA and include smoking, obesity, and cardiovascular disease.

It’s extremely important to call 911 right away if you suddenly have slurred speech. Getting immediate treatment is critical to minimizing permanent damage. Paramedics can begin treating you in the ambulance on the way to the hospital, so it’s better to call 911 than go to the ER yourself.

Treatments for strokes and TIAs include medications to break up blood clots and surgery to remove blood clots from the vessels. If your stroke is from bleeding in the brain, you may need surgery to repair a blood vessel.

Following treatment, your doctor will recommend medications to prevent another TIA or stroke. These typically include drugs that prevent clots from forming in the blood (like aspirin or other blood thinners) and cholesterol medication to prevent plaque from building up on the walls of the blood vessels. You may also need to take medication to control your blood pressure.

Speech therapy is recommended to help treat problems with speech.

It may not be a stroke

"There are so many possible causes of slurred speech. Most of the time we need a detailed history and physical exam to guide the diagnosis and treatment." — Dr. Hoerst

2. Bell’s palsy

• Drooping of the face
• Drooping of the eye
• Changes in taste or hearing

Bell’s palsy is a relatively common condition that affects the facial nerve, which is responsible for movement of your face.

In Bell’s palsy, the nerve gets inflamed typically because of a recent viral infection. This inflammation can cause the facial nerve to not work as well, leading to drooping and slurred speech.

Bell’s palsy usually improves in a few months, but medications such as steroids and antiviral drugs are typically given to help speed the process. If nerve problems continue, physical therapy is recommended. In rare instances, surgery may be needed to help improve facial muscle function.

3. Brain tumor

• Slurred speech or speech difficulties
• New or changing headaches
• Weakness or coordination and balance problems
• Abnormal vision

A brain tumor is an abnormal growth of cells in the brain. A brain tumor may be cancerous (malignant) or noncancerous (benign). Both types can cause symptoms including slurred speech.

The diagnosis of a tumor in the brain or spinal cord is based on an exam and imaging of the brain, such as an MRI or CT scan. A biopsy (tissue sample) may be needed to determine what type of tumor it is.

Some tumors, such as a small noncancerous tumor, do not need treatment, though your doctor will recommend periodic MRI scans to make sure it hasn’t changed.

Most larger or cancerous tumors do require treatment, which may consist of chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery. If you develop physical or cognitive (mental) problems from the tumor, rehabilitation such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, or speech therapy may be needed.

4. Multiple sclerosis

• Blurred vision or decreased vision, typically in one eye
• Weakness or trouble walking
• Numbness or pins-and-needles sensation on your face, arm, or leg (typically on one side)
• A band-like squeezing sensation around the chest or abdomen
• Difficulty focusing

Multiple sclerosis, or MS, is a central-nervous system disease that affects the cells of the brain and spinal cord. In MS, a fatty tissue that surrounds nerve fibers (myelin) is attacked. Myelin helps to insulate the electrical signals sent through the nerves. When there is a problem with this fatty tissue, information sent to and from the brain can be disrupted.

MS is most common in young adults between the ages of 20 and 50, according to the National MS Society .

MS is not curable , but treatments have dramatically improved the ability to control MS, so people usually have fewer symptoms and less disability.

Treatment includes medications that may be taken orally or injected or infused through an IV line. Physical therapy and speech therapy are commonly used to help in physical recovery, and medications can be used to treat other symptoms, such as depression, pain, and fatigue.

5. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

• Difficulty with speech, including slurred speech
• Progressive weakness and difficulty balancing
• Muscle cramps, twitching, and stiffness
• Difficulty swallowing

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease. It affects nerve cells called motor neurons that control your movement.

The disease primarily causes a loss of strength, impaired swallowing and speech, and in most cases, difficulty breathing because of impaired respiratory muscles. It is a progressive disease, meaning that symptoms are mild at first and worsen over time.

Previously, it was thought that ALS doesn’t affect a person’s mental ability. But it’s now known that people with ALS can get a specific type of dementia called frontotemporal dementia (FTD). That condition can affect behavior, mood, and speech.

Symptoms of ALS can develop in adults of any age, but it’s most commonly diagnosed in people who are between the ages of 40 and 70, according to the ALS Association .

While there are some medications that can be used to delay the progression of the disease, there is currently no cure for ALS. Treatment includes rehabilitation with physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and respiratory therapy.

6. Migraine

• Sensitivity to light and sound
• Visual disturbances

A migraine causes a severe headache that is often accompanied by nausea and sensitivity to light or sound. But some migraines don’t cause head pain.

Other symptoms that involve the nervous system can occur. Some of these sensory symptoms are called “auras.” These distortions can cause visual changes , including flashing lights or distorted vision. People may feel tingling or numbness of their face, arm, or leg.

In some types of migraine, people may even develop slurred speech and weakness of the face, arm, or leg. These are also symptoms of a stroke, so it may be hard to figure out which condition you have. If you develop sudden slurred speech or weakness, go to the ER immediately.

In an acute migraine attack, medications can be used to stop a migraine that has already started, such as triptans or newer medications called CGRP inhibitors. These medications can be in pill form, inhaled form, or injectable medications.

Migraine prevention can include taking medications for blood pressure, anticonvulsants, or even antidepressants. In some instances, Botox treatments are used to prevent migraine.

Behavior and lifestyle changes such as exercise, improved sleep, and healthy diet or weight loss are also often recommended to help decrease the number of migraine headaches you experience.

Other possible causes

Slurred speech may occur from alcohol intoxication or tiredness. It can also be a side effect of medications like high dose pain medications, antipsychotic medications or even some allergy medications like antihistamines. Other causes include:

• Infections such as urinary tract infections or electrolyte imbalances (particularly in elderly people).
• Brain infections such as meningitis or encephalitis.
• Problems that affect your mouth or throat, such as poorly fitting dentures, dental infections, dental numbing medications, swelling in your throat, or muscle or nerve problems.
• An allergic reaction , especially if you notice slurred speech along with tongue swelling , lip swelling, or shortness of breath.

"Early speech therapy can not only help with early improvement but also with diagnosis. Speech-language pathologists have special training in detecting the various types of slurred speech, which helps to determine the possible causes."— Dr. Hoerst

Specialty treatment options

• Speech therapy is the most common treatment for slurred speech.
• Injected medications such as Botox are sometimes used, depending on the cause of slurred speech.
• Medications to improve nerve and muscle function.

While it's important to follow your healthcare provider's guidance, here are some over-the-counter (OTC) options that might provide extra support.

• Proper nutrition supports overall health, including nerve function. Supplements like B vitamins may support neurological health.
• Staying hydrated is key, especially if speech difficulties make it hard to drink. Consider a no-spill, easy-sip water bottle designed for easy grip.
• Engaging in exercises to improve speech clarity can be helpful. Explore speech therapy tools and resources that you can use at home.

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Slurred Speech: Recognizing and Addressing the Causes

Slurred speech is a common symptom that affects a person’s ability to speak clearly. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including neurological conditions, intoxication, and physical impairments. This type of speech disorder impacts communication and can be a source of frustration for both the speaker and the listener. The nature and severity of slurred speech can vary significantly from one individual to another, making it a complex issue to approach.

Understanding slurred speech involves recognizing its potential causes and the ways it presents itself. Diagnosing the underlying issue often requires a professional evaluation, which may include speech-language pathology assessments and neurological exams. Speech disorders are not one-size-fits-all, and determining the precise nature of the impairment is crucial for effective treatment.

Treatment strategies for slurred speech aim to improve communication skills and address the root cause when possible. Therapeutic interventions may include speech therapy exercises, and, in some cases, medical treatments or assistive technology. For those living with speech impairments, adapting to communication challenges is a part of daily life, and support systems play a key role in managing the condition.

Key Takeaways

• Slurred speech can signal various underlying conditions and affects clear communication.
• Accurate diagnosis involves professional evaluation and tailored strategies are crucial for effective treatment.
• Ongoing support and appropriate therapy are essential for managing and improving speech impairments.

Understanding Slurred Speech

I’ll be examining slurred speech, technically known as dysarthria. This condition affects the precise movements required for speech due to muscle control problems resulting from nervous system damage. It’s marked by slow, slurred, and difficult-to-understand speech.

Causes of Dysarthria

Dysarthria can stem from various conditions that impair the nervous system. Stroke is one of the main culprits, as it can damage the brain’s areas that control speech muscles. Other neurological diseases, like multiple sclerosis (MS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), progressively hamper speech by affecting nerves responsible for muscle movements. Brain tumors also can interfere with speech by exerting pressure or damaging the brain regions involved in speaking. Lastly, conditions such as muscular dystrophy can weaken the muscles necessary for speech, leading to dysarthria.

Forms of Dysarthria

• Flaccid Dysarthria: Often a result of stroke or ALS, this form involves weakness in the speech muscles, manifesting in a breathy, soft, or even hoarse voice.
• Spastic Dysarthria: Mainly associated with conditions like MS, it causes the muscles to be tight or stiff, making speech slow and strained.
• Ataxic Dysarthria: Connected to damage in the cerebellum, possibly due to a stroke, where speech may sound slurred and uncoordinated.
• Hypokinetic Dysarthria: Frequently seen in Parkinson’s disease patients, characterized by a monotone, soft voice with reduced movement of speech muscles.
• Hyperkinetic Dysarthria: Can be caused by various neurological conditions and results in unpredictable, often rapid movements affecting speech rhythm and tone.

Diagnosis and Evaluation

In diagnosing slurred speech, I focus primarily on comprehensive medical assessments and targeted speech evaluations. These approaches help pinpoint the underlying causes and determine the most appropriate treatments.

Medical Assessments

I begin by collecting a detailed medical history, which informs me about any past illnesses, surgeries, or ongoing health conditions that may contribute to the speech difficulties. During the physical examination, I assess the patient’s cranial nerve function, which can uncover issues with the muscles that control speech. I may also request imaging tests such as MRI or CT scans to examine the brain’s structure for any abnormalities. If necessary, blood or urine tests are conducted to check for infections, metabolic conditions, or toxins.

Speech Evaluation

Next, I collaborate with a speech-language pathologist who conducts a thorough speech evaluation. This process often includes a range of tests to determine the specific characteristics of the speech disorder. We analyze the patient’s ability to pronounce words, maintain rhythm, and control the volume of their speech. Depending on the findings, the pathologist may recommend specific exercises to address the areas in need of improvement. These customized sessions are vital in developing a therapy plan tailored to the individual’s needs.

Treatment Strategies

Effective treatment of slurred speech may involve a combination of medical interventions and rehabilitative therapies tailored to address the underlying causes and to improve communication abilities.

Medical Interventions

When I assess individuals with slurred speech, a careful consideration of medications that could improve neurological function or address contributing factors is crucial. For example, in cases where slurred speech is due to a condition such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or multiple sclerosis (MS), I might prescribe medications like riluzole for ALS or disease-modifying therapies for MS, which can indirectly help manage symptoms. In instances where slurred speech results from stroke or brain injury, anti-platelet agents or anticoagulants can be vital in preventing future incidents.

In some cases, surgery may be necessary to correct structural issues causing slurred speech. For example, if there’s a nerve injury affecting speech muscles, surgical intervention might include nerve repair or nerve transfer procedures. It’s important to conduct a thorough evaluation and discuss with patients the potential risks and benefits of surgery.

Rehabilitative Therapies

Rehabilitative therapies are central to the treatment of slurred speech, and they often involve a multidisciplinary team approach. Speech therapy is a cornerstone in this process, with speech-language pathologists (SLPs) employing various techniques to improve speech clarity and articulation. Strategies may include:

• Articulation exercises: These help to strengthen the muscles used in speech.
• Breath support exercises: Improved control over breathing can aid better speech production.
• Pacing techniques: Teaching patients to regulate speech rate can enhance intelligibility.
• Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC): For individuals whose speech remains unintelligible, SLPs might introduce AAC devices to facilitate communication.

Exercise programs aimed at enhancing muscle strength and coordination can also assist in improving slurred speech. Individuals are encouraged to practice targeted exercises regularly to maintain and improve motor function associated with speech.

My approach to treatment ensures that each individual’s communicative needs are met with a personalized plan that fosters the best possible outcomes.

Living with Speech Impairments

In my experience, adapting to a speech impairment involves a complex interplay of personal adjustments and seeking external support, while the impact of such conditions can deeply affect one’s quality of life across various social and personal dimensions.

Adaptation and Support

When faced with a speech impairment, I find it crucial to seek supportive resources, such as speech therapy, which can mitigate challenges with speech rhythm and volume . I also use communication aids to express myself when traditional speech proves difficult. Developing strategies tailored to different social situations helps me maintain my relationships and facilitates better understanding by others. For instance:

• In noisy environments, I use pen and paper to communicate.
• During one-on-one conversations, I ask my friends and family to be patient and give me time to speak.

These efforts have helped me to adapt to my condition by maximizing my facial muscles’ function and improving speech development.

Impact on Quality of Life

My quality of life is influenced by my speech impairments in profound ways. Socially, I often encounter challenges. Participating in conversations can be a source of anxiety, which may affect my mental health; however, acknowledging these feelings and addressing them directly is vital.

Here’s how speech impairments can affect different aspects of life:

• Social Situations : Reduced participation in group discussions and public speaking engagements.
• Mental Health : Increased risk of social isolation and feelings of frustration, which can lead to anxiety and depression.
• Relationships : Potential strain as communication barriers might lead to misunderstandings or feelings of disconnect with loved ones.
• Understanding : Greater effort is required from both me and my conversation partners to ensure mutual understanding.

Through a combination of personal resilience and support from my social circle, I navigate these challenges daily, striving to lead a fulfilling life despite my speech impairments.

Frequently Asked Questions

In this section, I cover some of the most common inquiries about slurred speech , including its causes, treatment options, and ways to identify its origins.

What medical conditions can contribute to the onset of slurred speech?

My experience in the medical field has shown me that slurred speech is often associated with neurological disorders such as stroke, brain injury, and degenerative diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS). It can also be indicative of issues with muscles controlling speech or side effects of medication.

How can slurred speech be treated or managed?

Treatment largely depends on the underlying cause. If it’s due to a stroke or brain injury, speech therapy is a common approach. Medication adjustments can help if drug side effects are to blame. Lifestyle changes, such as moderation of alcohol intake, might also be effective when slurred speech is related to lifestyle factors.

What are common reasons for the sudden onset of slurred speech in the elderly?

Sudden slurred speech in the elderly may be due to a stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). It’s also possible that infections, medication interactions, dehydration , or the exacerbation of existing neurological conditions are responsible.

How can one differentiate between slurred speech due to fatigue and more concerning underlying causes?

Fatigue-related slurred speech typically resolves with rest and is not accompanied by other alarming symptoms. In contrast, slurred speech due to more serious conditions is often persistent and may coexist with other signs such as weakness , confusion , or physical coordination problems.

What should you do if someone experiences a sudden episode of slurred speech and balance difficulties?

If I witness someone having a sudden episode of slurred speech coupled with balance issues, I would consider it a medical emergency. It’s crucial to call emergency services immediately as these symptoms could indicate a stroke or other serious neurological events.

What types of speech impediments could be confused with slurred speech?

Dysarthria (weak or uncontrolled speech muscles) often results in slurred speech, but it shouldn’t be confused with stuttering, which involves frequent repetition of parts of words or long pauses while speaking. Aphasia, characterized by trouble in expressing and understanding language, can sometimes be mistaken for slurred speech as well.

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Dysarthria occurs when the muscles you use for speech are weak or you have difficulty controlling them. Dysarthria often causes slurred or slow speech that can be difficult to understand.

Common causes of dysarthria include nervous system disorders and conditions that cause facial paralysis or tongue or throat muscle weakness. Certain medications also can cause dysarthria.

Treating the underlying cause of your dysarthria may improve your speech. You may also need speech therapy. For dysarthria caused by prescription medications, changing or discontinuing the medications may help.

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Signs and symptoms of dysarthria vary, depending on the underlying cause and the type of dysarthria. They may include:

• Slurred speech
• Slow speech
• Inability to speak louder than a whisper or speaking too loudly
• Rapid speech that is difficult to understand
• Nasal, raspy or strained voice
• Uneven or abnormal speech rhythm
• Uneven speech volume
• Monotone speech
• Difficulty moving your tongue or facial muscles

When to see a doctor

Dysarthria can be a sign of a serious condition. See your doctor if you have sudden or unexplained changes in your ability to speak.

In dysarthria, you may have difficulty moving the muscles in your mouth, face or upper respiratory system that control speech. Conditions that may lead to dysarthria include:

• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, or Lou Gehrig's disease)
• Brain injury
• Brain tumor
• Cerebral palsy
• Guillain-Barre syndrome
• Head injury
• Huntington's disease
• Lyme disease
• Multiple sclerosis
• Muscular dystrophy
• Myasthenia gravis
• Parkinson's disease
• Wilson's disease

Some medications, such as certain sedatives and seizure drugs, also can cause dysarthria.

Complications

Because of the communication problems dysarthria causes, complications can include:

• Social difficulty. Communication problems may affect your relationships with family and friends and make social situations challenging.
• Depression. In some people, dysarthria may lead to social isolation and depression.
• Daroff RB, et al., eds. Bradley's Neurology in Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2016. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed April 10, 2020.
• Dysarthria. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. https://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/dysarthria/. Accessed April 6, 2020.
• Maitin IB, et al., eds. Current Diagnosis & Treatment: Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. McGraw-Hill Education; 2020. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Accessed April 10, 2020.
• Dysarthria in adults. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. https://www.asha.org/PRPPrintTemplate.aspx?folderid=8589943481. Accessed April 6, 2020.
• Drugs that cause dysarthria. IBM Micromedex. https://www.micromedexsolutions.com. Accessed April 10, 2020.
• Lirani-Silva C, et al. Dysarthria and quality of life in neurologically healthy elderly and patients with Parkinson's disease. CoDAS. 2015; doi:10.1590/2317-1782/20152014083.
• Signs and symptoms of untreated Lyme disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/signs_symptoms/index.html. Accessed April 6, 2020.
• Neurological diagnostic tests and procedures fact sheet. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Neurological-Diagnostic-Tests-and-Procedures-Fact. Accessed April 6, 2020.

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Communicating with someone with dysarthria

Dysarthria is a condition that occurs when there are problems with the part of the brain, nerves, or muscles that help you talk. Most times, dysarthria occurs:

• As a result of brain damage after a stroke, head injury, or brain cancer
• When there is damage to the nerves of the muscles that help you talk
• When there is an illness of the nervous system, such as myasthenia gravis or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Use the tips below for improving communication with someone who has dysarthria.

What to Expect at Home

In a person with dysarthria, a nerve, brain, or muscle disorder makes it difficult to use or control the muscles of the mouth, tongue, larynx, or vocal cords. The muscles may be weak or completely paralyzed. Or, it may be hard for the muscles to work together.

People with dysarthria have trouble making certain sounds or words. Their speech is poorly pronounced (such as slurring), and the rhythm or speed of their speech changes.

Tips for Communicating Better

Simple changes in the way you talk with a person who has dysarthria can make a difference.

• Turn off the radio or TV.
• Move to a quieter room if needed.
• Make sure lighting in the room is good.
• Sit close enough so that you and the person who has dysarthria can use visual cues.
• Make eye contact with each other.

The person who has dysarthria and their family may need to learn different ways of communicating, such as:

• Using hand gestures.
• Writing by hand what you are saying.
• Using a computer to type out the conversation.
• Using alphabet boards if muscles used for writing and typing are also affected.

If you do not understand the person, do not just agree with them. Ask them to speak again. Tell them what you think they said and ask them to repeat it. Ask the person to say it in a different way. Ask them to slow down so that you can make out their words.

Listen carefully and allow the person to finish. Be patient. Make eye contact with them before speaking. Give positive feedback for their effort.

Ask questions in a way that they can answer you with yes or no.

If you have dysarthria:

• Try to speak slowly.
• Use short phrases.
• Pause between your sentences to make sure the person listening to you understands.
• Use hand gestures.
• Use pencil and paper or a computer to write out what you are trying to say.

Alternative Names

Speech and language disorder - dysarthria care; Slurred speech - dysarthria; Articulation disorder - dysarthria

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association website. Dysarthria. www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/dysarthria . Accessed August 8, 2022.

Kirshner HS. Dysarthria and apraxia of speech. In: Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, Newman NJ, eds. Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice . 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 14.

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Review Date 4/17/2022

Updated by: David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

Related MedlinePlus Health Topics

• Speech and Communication Disorders

Slurred Speech

• Brain Injury/Disease
• Voice Disorders
• Reading Difficulties
• Writing Difficulties
• Language Difficulties
• Speech Difficulties
• Social Difficulties
• Swallowing/Feeding Disorders
• Professional Communication

Slurred Speech or mumbled speech, is when an individual uses unclear words which makes it difficult to understand them when they speak. Sometimes the words or sounds in words may only be partially produced and blend together in sentences. This type of speech may be caused by muscle weakness of the mouth or motor neuron damage such as after a Stroke. 

Slurred speech is sometimes referred to as dysarthria.  Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder that happens when the musclees of the lips, tongue, or throat become weak after illness or injury (such as a stroke or brain injury). When the muscles used to produce speech become weak, they cannot move as quickly or as accurately as they used to, resulting in unclear or slurred speech. If the muscles of the larynx or voice box become weak, the individual's voice may sound hoarse. 

A Speech Language Pathologist can help determine the best course of intervention to assist you in improving your speech clarity and overall communication skills.

Related therapies to treat this condition:

Articulation therapy.

Articulation therapy is a form of intervention that focuses on the accurate production of speech sounds to improve speech clarity.

Communication Intermediary Services

Accessing police, legal, and justice services when you are experiencing a speech or language difficulty can be challenging and could have serious consequences if the individuals...

PROMPT is a technique used to assist with the planning and sequencing of speech sounds in words. 

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Dysarthria: What to Know About Slurred Speech from Nerve Damage

This article will address your most pressing questions about the motor speech disorder dysarthria, including what it is, what causes it, and what treatment options are available.

By Ability Central

12 February, 2024

The motor speech disorder dysarthria is a condition in which nerve damage weakens the muscles used for speech. People with dysarthria have difficulty speaking. Their speech may be slurred, breathy, strained, or otherwise difficult to understand.

This article answers your biggest questions about dysarthria, including:

What is dysarthria?

What causes dysarthria, what are the different types of dysarthria, what are the early signs and symptoms of dysarthria, how does dysarthria affect adults, how is dysarthria diagnosed and treated, how can someone with dysarthria communicate more clearly, what are tips for listeners while talking to someone with dysarthria, where can i find help for dysarthria.

Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder. A person with dysarthria may be unable to control the muscles used for articulation, speed, and pitch of speech, generally due to nerve damage.

Dysarthria is not the same as aphasia, although each is a communication disorder, and you can have the conditions at the same time. Dysarthria is a speech impairment or speech disorder, while aphasia is an expressive language disorder or specific language impairment where the person has difficulty understanding words or putting them together in a sentence. 

A nerve, brain, or muscle disorder may cause dysarthria as the muscles that control the mouth, tongue, larynx, or vocal cords become weak or paralyzed. 

Developmental dysarthria is the result of brain damage during fetal development or at birth. Conditions like cerebral palsy, epilepsy, or carbon monoxide exposure can cause developmental dysarthria in young children. 

Acquired dysarthria is the result of brain damage later in life. Stroke , Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, or Lou Gehrig’s disease) are common causes of acquired dysarthria.

Other conditions that may lead to dysarthria include:

• Brain cancer
• Brain injury
• Brain tumor
• Cerebral palsy
• Guillain-Barre syndrome
• Head injury
• Huntington's disease
• Lyme disease
• Multiple sclerosis
• Muscular dystrophy
• Myasthenia gravis
• Severe spinal injury
• Traumatic brain injury
• Wilson's disease

Dysarthria can also be a side effect of certain medications, like certain sedatives or epilepsy medications. 

Beyond categorization as developmental or acquired, dysarthria can appear as one of six types: 

• Ataxic dysarthria , caused by damage to the cerebellum, which helps coordinate muscle movement. A person with ataxic dysarthria may have trouble pronouncing letters and emphasizing the right parts of a word when speaking.
• Flaccid dysarthria,  caused by damage to the lower motor neurons. This causes speech to be breathy and nasal.
• Hyperkinetic dysarthria , caused by damage to the basal ganglia, the brain structure responsible for muscle movement. Hyperkinetic dysarthria causes fast, hyper-sounding, and often unpredictable speech.
• Hypokinetic dysarthria is also caused by damage to the basal ganglia, but with hypokinetic dysarthria, speech is slowed, monotone, or rigid.
• Spastic dysarthria , caused by damage to the upper neurons on one or both sides of the brain. This causes speech to be strained or harsh.
• Mixed dysarthria includes a mix of two or more of the other five types.

The primary symptom of dysarthria is unclear or garbled speech. Other symptoms include:

• Difficulty moving the mouth, tongue, or lips.
• Slurred speech.
• Unusually slow or unusually fast speech.
• Difficulty controlling voice volume.
• A nasal, strained, or monotone voice.
• Hesitation in talking.
• Speaking in short bursts instead of complete sentences.

Dysarthria can cause communication problems that lead to social difficulties, depression, and social isolation. It can also cause problems at work or in school, particularly in roles that require public speaking. 

Depending on the severity of the disability, people with dysarthria may qualify for certain protections under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The ADA protects people with disabilities from discrimination in the workplace, on public transit, and in public businesses. 

Ask your employer about potential accommodations for dysarthria, such as using email and text messages instead of phone calls or face-to-face meetings. 

There are many technologies that can help people with dysarthria communicate. An easy first step is a cell phone with accessibility features designed for dysarthria. Many people with dysarthria find programs like text-to-speech apps helpful for communication.

Generally, the first test for dysarthria is a physical exam from a primary care physician (PCP) or speech-language pathologist (SLP). Depending on the results of the physical exam, doctors may call for further testing to find the underlying cause of the dysarthria symptoms.

This series of tests may include:

• MRI or CT scans of the brain, head, or neck to check for physical abnormalities.
• An electroencephalogram (EEG) to check for abnormalities in brain activity.
• Electromyography to test the electrical function of the muscles and nerves.
• Blood or urine tests to see if there is an infection or inflammation.
• A spinal tap, also known as a lumbar puncture, to check for tumors or infections.
• Barium or videofluoroscopic swallow studies to test the muscles used for swallowing. 

Dysarthria treatment depends on the cause, severity, and type of dysarthria. Treatment options include:

• Speech and language therapy to improve communication and, if possible, regain normal speech.
• Speech strategies to give the best chance of being heard and understood.
• Surgery, if necessary to remove a tumor or fix an injury that’s causing dysarthria.
• Nonverbal communication strategies, like writing or sign language.
• Other accommodations and modification strategies for school or the workplace.

Much of managing dysarthria symptoms involves finding new or adaptive methods of communication. These might include:

• Using hand gestures or sign language.
• Writing by hand. 
• Typing on a computer or cell phone.
• Using text-to-speech software. 

In some dysarthria cases where the underlying condition also affects the muscles used to write and type, people with dysarthria can use tools like alphabet boards to communicate via touching and pointing. 

When speaking, many people with dysarthria find they communicate more clearly by:

• Speaking slowly.
• Using short phrases.
• Pausing between sentences to check for listener comprehension.
• Starting a conversation with a single word so the listener knows what you’re talking about. For example, saying “travel” before discussing travel logistics.

Friends, family, or coworkers of people with dysarthria can make communication easier by:

• Eliminating background noise, such as turning off the TV or moving to a quieter room.
• Facing the speaker and sitting close enough to understand visual cues.
• Making eye contact.
• Ensuring good lighting.
• Asking yes or no questions.
• Repeating what they’ve said to make sure you understand.

If you don’t understand someone with dysarthria, do not pretend you do. This can be frustrating and embarrassing for both the speaker and the listener. Instead, ask them to repeat themselves or find an alternate communication method like writing down what they’re trying to say. 

Your primary doctor is an excellent first step to receive testing for dysarthria. In addition, Ability Central has a searchable database of non-profits that can help with everything from diagnosis to treatment.

For more information on conditions that impact speech, see: 

• Aphasia and Dysphasia: Why Do People Stop Using and Understanding Language?
• Expressive Language Disorder: Symptoms, Challenges, and Treatments
• What Should I Do After a Muteness Diagnosis?
• Receptive Language Disorder: Why Can’t I Understand What People Say?

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Joe Biden Viral Gaffe Sparks Jokes

A gaffe during President Joe Biden 's speech on Wednesday at the North America's Building Trades Unions conference has sparked jokes among conservatives across social media.

Biden and former President Donald Trump have clinched the presidential nominations for the Democratic and Republican parties, respectively, but a rematch of 2020 is unpopular, with voters routinely telling pollsters that they believe neither should get a second term . Hypothetical general election matchups have generally shown the two in a neck-and-neck race.

Questions relating to the age and mental fitness of Biden, 81, and Trump, 77, have been consistent talking points during the 2024 election. Biden's age has long been under scrutiny from critics across the political spectrum, with his verbal gaffes in speeches receiving particular attention. He has, however, often received acclaim for his energy and clarity in high-importance speeches, including his last two State of the Union addresses .

On Wednesday, Biden spoke at the 2024 North America's Building Trades Unions conference in Washington, D.C., after being endorsed for reelection by the group.

During the speech, in which Biden spoke about his reelection efforts, he said "pause" before the crowd erupted with "four more years."

"Imagine what we could do next, four more years. Pause," Biden said.

Newsweek has reached out to the White House and Biden's campaign via email for comment.

The moment has made its way across social media as some conservatives have taken to X, formerly Twitter , to note the gaffe and scrutinize Biden over the moment.

Steve Cortes, a former adviser and spokesperson for Trump's 2016 and 2020 campaigns, took aim at Biden on X, writing: "Biden's teleprompter blunders would be funny if he weren't president. Here, he reads the "pause" instruction — such directions are clearly differentiated on his screen, usually with multiple parentheses, telling the speaker 'don't say this part'!!!"

Conservative radio host Clay Travis wrote on X: "Joe Biden read the instruction "pause" on the teleprompter. The guy is Ron Burgandy [sic]. He just keeps getting worse."

The Republican National Committee noted on X: "BIDEN, reading from his teleprompter: "Four more years? Pause?" It's all completely staged."

Biden has continued to dismiss concerns about his age and joked about his memory following the publication of Special Counsel Robert Hur's report on February 8 that described the president as an "elderly man with a poor memory."

Hur released the report following an investigation into Biden's handling of classified documents that were found at his home in Delaware and at the Penn Biden Center in Washington, D.C.

Biden criticized Hur's categorization of his memory, saying, "I'm well-meaning and I'm an elderly man, and I know what I'm doing," and added that he didn't need anyone to remind him when his son, Beau, died.

"My memory is fine," Biden said.

On the campaign trail, Trump has also made a series of gaffes that have been criticized.

Trump has mixed up Biden and former President Barack Obama 's names several times during campaign stops. He confused Obama and Biden at least seven times between September and November of last year, according to Forbes.

Trump said he was being "sarcastic" when mixing up Obama and Biden.

After sharing on Truth Social in November a medical report saying that he's in excellent health and his cognitive health was exceptional , Trump began to receive pushback as some questioned the accuracy of the report.

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