research papers on optical fiber communication

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Fibre optics and optical communications articles within Nature Communications

Article 05 April 2024 | Open Access

A metasurface-based full-color circular auto-focusing Airy beam transmitter for stable high-speed underwater wireless optical communications

Authors present an adaptive underwater optical communication (UWOC) technology based on multi-wavelength lasers and a full-color metasurface for converting visible-band Gaussian to circular autofocusing Airy beams. The potential of Airy beams to mitigate optical power degradation is demonstrated, enabling stable data rate transmission via 4 K video transmission for these systems.

• , Zeyuan Guo
•  &  Chao Shen

Article 19 February 2024 | Open Access

Self-supervised dynamic learning for long-term high-fidelity image transmission through unstabilized diffusive media

This work introduces a cutting-edge technique to overcome dynamic scattering challenges in long-distance multimode fiber transmission, achieving >99.9% accuracy for 1024 modes over 1 km, hence promises applications in diverse scattering scenarios.

•  &  Qionghai Dai

Article 07 February 2024 | Open Access

Statistics of modal condensation in nonlinear multimode fibers

The authors investigate light beam propagation in multimode optical fibers, considering linear random mode coupling and Kerr nonlinearity. They utilize a 3D mode decomposition technique, enabling them to accurately characterize modal distributions over extended lengths of graded-index fiber.

• Mario Zitelli
• , Fabio Mangini
•  &  Stefan Wabnitz

Article 24 November 2023 | Open Access

Mode attraction, rejection and control in nonlinear multimode optics

The authors introduce and demonstrate experimentally a novel fundamental property of nonlinear multimode optical systems, named mode rejection. This paves the way towards a more general idea of all-optical mode control and its related applications.

• , Ian Davidson
•  &  Massimiliano Guasoni

Article 21 November 2023 | Open Access

Woven organic crystals

The entanglement of fibrous elements produces flexible structures with enhanced strength and resilience to abrasion. Here, the authors report the weaving of organic crystals into flexible and robust patches with plain, twill, and satin topologies of arbitrary porosity, expanding one-dimensional crystals into flexible, two-dimensional planar structures with potential for future applications in flexible electronics.

• Linfeng Lan
•  &  Hongyu Zhang

Article 16 November 2023 | Open Access

On-chip silicon electro-optical modulator with ultra-high extinction ratio for fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing

On-chip optoelectronic devices are promising to build compact and efficient distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) systems. Here, the authors demonstrate an ultra-high extinction ratio electro-optical modulator on silicon and its application for DAS.

• , Xiaoqian Shu
•  &  Yunjiang Rao

Article 13 November 2023 | Open Access

Mitigating stimulated Brillouin scattering in multimode fibers with focused output via wavefront shaping

The authors demonstrate a high-power delivery through a highly multimode optical fiber by shaping the incident wavefront of a laser beam to strongly suppress the stimulated Brillouin scattering in the fiber and simultaneously control the output beam profile.

• Chun-Wei Chen
• , Linh V. Nguyen
•  &  Hui Cao

Article 09 November 2023 | Open Access

Metafiber transforming arbitrarily structured light

Structured light has proven useful for numerous photonic applications. However, its current use in optical fibers is severely limited. The authors report a highly integrated metafiber platform based on 3D laser nanoprinting, capable of creating arbitrarily structured light.

• , Torsten Wieduwilt
•  &  Haoran Ren

Article 20 October 2023 | Open Access

A random optical parametric oscillator

In this work the authors develop a Random optical parametric oscillator - the parametric analogous of random lasers. This system shows improved key metrics like tuneable repetition rates, tuneable pulse duration, inter-pulse coherence as well as simpler configuration compared with standard systems.

• Pedro Tovar
• , Jean Pierre von der Weid
•  &  Xiaoyi Bao

Article 17 October 2023 | Open Access

4D Optical fibers based on shape-memory polymers

The authors demonstrate here a method for the production of arbitrarily long, light-guiding microstructured fibers with shape-memory properties. The showcased design of adaptative fibers here holds potential for the development of functional actuators and sensors.

• Clément Strutynski
• , Marianne Evrard
•  &  Frédéric Smektala

Article 28 September 2023 | Open Access

Differential phase-diversity electrooptic modulator for cancellation of fiber dispersion and laser noise

In this work, the authors showcase four-phase electrooptic modulators (FEOMs) implemented on thin-film lithium niobate. This innovation effectively addresses challenges related to dispersion and semiconductor laser noise limitations, offering a promising solution for integrated photonic applications.

• Ehsan Ordouie
• , Tianwei Jiang
•  &  Bahram Jalali

Article 13 July 2023 | Open Access

Earthquake focal mechanisms with distributed acoustic sensing

Determining earthquake faulting orientation is essential for understanding earthquake-stress interactions. Here, the authors present a technique that leverages telecom fiber optic cables to improve the estimation of this fundamental parameter.

• , Weiqiang Zhu
•  &  Zhongwen Zhan

Article 05 June 2023 | Open Access

Characterization of diffusing sub-10 nm nano-objects using single anti-resonant element optical fibers

Characterizing diffusing species is increasingly important for revealing nanoscale processes. Here, the authors uncover the potential of fiber-assisted nanoparticle tracking analysis by characterizing nanoparticles as small as 9 nm at record precision levels, reaching fundamental limits.

• Torsten Wieduwilt
• , Ronny Förster
•  &  Markus A. Schmidt

Article 31 March 2023 | Open Access

All-fibre phase filters with 1-GHz resolution for high-speed passive optical logic processing

Authors present a fibre Bragg grating-based all-pass spectral phase filter with an unprecedented frequency resolution of 1 GHz, at least 10× improvement compared to a standard optical waveshaper. Using the all-fibre phase filter, fully passive NOT and XNOR logic operations are experimentally demonstrated at ultrafast speeds with few-fJ/bit energy consumption.

• Saket Kaushal
•  &  José Azaña

Article 18 February 2023 | Open Access

Twin-field quantum key distribution without optical frequency dissemination

Twin-field QKD should allow secure quantum communication with favourable rate-loss scaling, but requires interferometric implementations which are often impractical for long distances. Here, the authors show how to realise it without the need for closed interferometers.

• , Jinping Lin
•  &  Zhiliang Yuan

Perspective 15 February 2023 | Open Access

Wireless communications sensing and security above 100 GHz

The field of terahertz wireless communication is growing rapidly. Here the authors discuss the challenges for the architectures of wireless platforms above 100 GHz and their potential applications.

• Josep M. Jornet
• , Edward W. Knightly
•  &  Daniel M. Mittleman

Article 10 December 2022 | Open Access

High-capacity free-space optical communications using wavelength- and mode-division-multiplexing in the mid-infrared region

A 300-Gbit/s free-space optical communication system is demonstrated in the mid-IR wavelength region by using both wavelength- and mode-division multiplexing.

• Kaiheng Zou
•  &  Alan E. Willner

High-order dynamic localization and tunable temporal cloaking in ac-electric-field driven synthetic lattices

Dynamic localization is a method of confining light. Here the authors demonstrate higher-order dynamic localization of photons in a synthetic temporal mesh lattice and discuss the idea of tunable temporal cloaking by combining different-order localizations.

• Shulin Wang
• , Chengzhi Qin
•  &  Peixiang Lu

Article 05 November 2022 | Open Access

Quantum capacities of transducers

A unified metric to assess the performances of quantum transducers, i.e., converters of quantum information between different physical systems - is still lacking. Here the authors propose quantum capacity as such metric, and use it to investigate the optimal designs of generic quantum transduction schemes.

• Chiao-Hsuan Wang
• , Fangxin Li
•  &  Liang Jiang

Article 18 October 2022 | Open Access

Controlled filamentation instability as a scalable fabrication approach to flexible metamaterials

The simple and scalable fabrication of high aspect ratio encapsulated flexible nanowire arrays with controlled size and periodicity is demonstrated and modelled, enabling nanophotonics applications requiring long-range order over several meters.

• William Esposito
• , Louis Martin-Monier
•  &  Fabien Sorin

Article 17 October 2022 | Open Access

Continuous entanglement distribution over a transnational 248 km fiber link

Fibre-based entanglement distribution represents a key primitive for quantum applications such as QKD. Here, the authors demonstrate it across 248 km of deployed fiber, observing stable detected pair rates of 9 Hz for 110 h.

• Sebastian Philipp Neumann
• , Alexander Buchner
•  &  Rupert Ursin

Article 13 October 2022 | Open Access

Real-time holographic lensless micro-endoscopy through flexible fibers via fiber bundle distal holography

Fiber-based micro-endoscopes are minimally invasive, but 3D imaging is limited by the need for bulky optical elements or rigid fibers. Here, the authors demonstrate holographic imaging through flexible and dynamically bent multi-core fibers by adding partially reflecting mirror to the distal fiber-tip.

•  &  Ori Katz

Article 12 August 2022 | Open Access

Practical continuous-variable quantum key distribution with composable security

Continuous-variable QKD protocols are usually easier to implement than discrete-variables ones, but their security analyses are less developed. Here, the authors propose and demonstrate in the lab a CVQKD protocol that can generate composable keys secure against collective attacks.

• , Hou-Man Chin
•  &  Ulrik L. Andersen

Article 25 July 2022 | Open Access

Spatial tomography of light resolved in time, spectrum, and polarisation

The work harnesses principles of spatial state tomography to fully characterise an optical beam in space, time, spectrum, and polarisation. Analysis of the output of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser illustrates the technique’s capabilities.

• Martin Plöschner
• , Marcos Maestre Morote
•  &  Joel Carpenter

Article 16 July 2022 | Open Access

Super-broadband on-chip continuous spectral translation unlocking coherent optical communications beyond conventional telecom bands

Continuous spectral translation could allow expansion of the bandwidth available for communication without having to develop transceivers for the new bands. Here, the authors demonstrate this using AlGaAsOI nanowaveguides as spectral translators between the mature telecom C band and the 2-μm wavelength band.

• Deming Kong
•  &  Hao Hu

Article 14 July 2022 | Open Access

Add drop multiplexers for terahertz communications using two-wire waveguide-based plasmonic circuits

Using 3D-printed two-wire plasmonic circuits, the authors demonstrate add-drop THz multiplexers featuring a grating-loaded side coupler design. They confirm the channel Drop, Add, and Through actions using ~6 Gbps data streams at ~140 GHz carrier frequency.

• , Kathirvel Nallappan
•  &  Maksim Skorobogatiy

Article 11 July 2022 | Open Access

Enhancing fibre-optic distributed acoustic sensing capabilities with blind near-field array signal processing

Here, the authors demonstrate a blind and sparse near-field array signal processing approach to enhance the measurement quality of fibre-optic distributed acoustic sensors. It further enables the accurate estimation of the spatial coordinates of acoustic sources.

• Felipe Muñoz
•  &  Marcelo A. Soto

Article 09 July 2022 | Open Access

All-fibre heterogeneously-integrated frequency comb generation using silicon core fibre

Silicon core fibre is a highly nonlinear waveguide that combines the benefits of both fibre and planar waveguide systems. Here, the authors demonstrate frequency comb generation using a fully-fibre integrated silicon core fibre as a nonlinear mixer.

• Ronit Sohanpal
• , Haonan Ren
•  &  Zhixin Liu

Article 06 June 2022 | Open Access

The piston Riemann problem in a photon superfluid

The flow of light in nonlinear media can be considered as superfluid flow and described with quantum hydrodynamics. Here the authors demonstrate superfluid flow, optical rarefaction (retracting piston) and shock (pushing piston) wave pairs and characterize associated phase transitions by using fiber-based platform.

• Abdelkrim Bendahmane
•  &  Stefano Trillo

Article 13 May 2022 | Open Access

Localised structuring of metal-semiconductor cores in silica clad fibres using laser-driven thermal gradients

The authors show that micron size fibers comprised of semiconductor and metallic materials can be purified or doped, recrystallized or have the constituents rearranged into a variety of structures with device prospects.

• Seunghan Song
• , Fredrik Laurell
•  &  Ursula J. Gibson

Article 26 April 2022 | Open Access

Nanosecond optical switching and control system for data center networks

Several challenges still impede the deployment of optical switches in data centers. The authors report an optical switching and control system to synergistically overcome these challenges and provide enhanced performance for data center applications.

•  &  Nicola Calabretta

Article 19 April 2022 | Open Access

Two octave supercontinuum generation in a non-silica graded-index multimode fiber

Two-octave supercontinuum generation in the femtosecond regime from the visible to mid-infrared and self-cleaning dynamics are reported in a non-silica graded-index multimode fiber with nanostructured design and enhanced nonlinearity.

• Zahra Eslami
• , Lauri Salmela
•  &  Goëry Genty

Article 28 March 2022 | Open Access

Hollow-core optical fibre sensors for operando Raman spectroscopy investigation of Li-ion battery liquid electrolytes

New analytical tools are needed to identify chemical degradation and failure mechanisms in Li-ion batteries. Here, the authors report an operando Raman spectroscopy method, based on hollow-core optical fibres, that enables monitoring the chemistry of liquid electrolytes during battery cycling.

• Ermanno Miele
• , Wesley M. Dose
•  &  Tijmen G. Euser

Article 17 March 2022 | Open Access

All-fiber high-speed image detection enabled by deep learning

Here, the authors demonstrate high-speed imaging through multimode optical fibers by using the high intermodal dispersion to transform 2D spatial information into 1D temporal pulsed signal streams. Deep learning is used to reconstruct the images of micron-scale objects at high frame rates.

• Zhoutian Liu
• , Lele Wang
•  &  Qirong Xiao

Large evanescently-induced Brillouin scattering at the surrounding of a nanofibre

The authors observe efficient Brillouin scattering generated by an evanescent field nearby a single pass sub-wavelength waveguide. This work creates an important bridge between Brillouin scattering in waveguides, Brillouin spectroscopy and microscopy.

• , Flavien Gyger
•  &  Luc Thévenaz

Article 16 March 2022 | Open Access

Integrated dual-laser photonic chip for high-purity carrier generation enabling ultrafast terahertz wireless communications

A photonic Terahertz source based on injection-locking an integrated dual-laser chip generates and transmits a 131 Gbps THz signal over 10.7-m distance, showing great potential towards fully integrated and energy-efficient THz transmitters for 6G.

• , Mu-Chieh Lo
•  &  Leif K. Oxenløwe

Article 28 February 2022 | Open Access

Coherent optical communications using coherence-cloned Kerr soliton microcombs

Kerr frequency combs are a promising laser source for future optical networks. The authors demonstrate coherence-cloning between two remote Kerr combs and improve optical coherent communication in terms of performance, power consumption, and simplicity.

• , Heng Zhou
•  &  Kun Qiu

Article 10 February 2022 | Open Access

Shaping lightwaves in time and frequency for optical fiber communication

The authors report nonlinear interference changes with shaping block length, modulation symbol rate, and chromatic dispersion when sphere-shaped lightwaves propagate through optical fibre, and suggest a method to predict that change.

•  &  Robert Tkach

Article 11 January 2022 | Open Access

Comparing ultrastable lasers at 7 × 10 −17 fractional frequency instability through a 2220 km optical fibre network

Precision measurement plays an important role in frequency metrology and optical communications. Here the authors compare two geographically separate ultrastable lasers at 7 × 10 −17  fractional frequency instability over a 2220 km optical fibre link and these measurements can be useful for dissemination of ultrastable light to distant optical clocks.

• M. Schioppo
• , J. Kronjäger
•  &  G. Grosche

Article 10 January 2022 | Open Access

Coherent phase transfer for real-world twin-field quantum key distribution

Exploiting technologies derived from the optical clocks community, the authors demonstrate a setup for twin-field QKD which extends the coherence times by three orders of magnitude, overcoming the main challenge towards real-world implementation.

• Cecilia Clivati
• , Alice Meda
•  &  Davide Calonico

Article 03 November 2021 | Open Access

Laser nano-filament explosion for enabling open-grating sensing in optical fibre

Engineered stop bands to sense an ambient environment can enable many applications. Here, the authors demonstrate well-controlled processes to open high-aspect ratio nanoholes through optical fibre for Bragg gratings in the telecomm spectrum and to enable high-resolution refractive index sensing

• Keivan Mahmoud Aghdami
• , Abdullah Rahnama
•  &  Peter R. Herman

Article 20 October 2021 | Open Access

Experimental demonstration of peripherally-excited antenna arrays

Two-dimensional antennas that can create and steer narrow beams are of interest for modern communication systems. Here, the authors demonstrate a scalable antenna array design that performs these functions with fewer elements than standard approaches and excited only with peripheral sources.

• Ayman H. Dorrah
•  &  George V. Eleftheriades

Article 15 October 2021 | Open Access

Ultrafast optical circuit switching for data centers using integrated soliton microcombs

Optical technologies could enable fast and power-efficient networks for data centers. Here, the authors report Si 3 N 4 microcomb based ultrafast photonic switching to provide enhanced performance for data center applications.

• Arslan Sajid Raja
• , Sophie Lange
•  &  Hitesh Ballani

Article 20 August 2021 | Open Access

Ultrahigh-speed graphene-based optical coherent receiver

Graphene-based photodetectors have many advantages for applications. Here, the authors demonstrate a high-speed optical coherent receiver for optical communications based on graphene-on-plasmonic slot waveguide photodetectors.

•  &  Xinliang Zhang

Matters Arising 12 August 2021 | Open Access

Evaluating measurement uncertainty in Brillouin distributed optical fibre sensors using image denoising

• Marcelo A. Soto
• , Zhisheng Yang

Article 20 July 2021 | Open Access

Full-duplex reflective beamsteering metasurface featuring magnetless nonreciprocal amplification

Metasurfaces promise complex functionalities in electromagnetic wave control. Here the authors present an architecture for full-duplex reflective beamsteering based on series-connected radiative patches and nonreciprocal phase shifters.

• Sajjad Taravati

Article 15 July 2021 | Open Access

Polarization-transparent silicon photonic add-drop multiplexer with wideband hitless tuneability

Reconfigurable wavelength-selective devices are essential components of flexible optical networks. Here the authors show a silicon-photonic add-drop multiplexer meeting the strict requirements of telecom systems in terms of broadband operation range, hitless tunability and polarization transparency.

• Francesco Morichetti
• , Maziyar Milanizadeh
•  &  Andrea Melloni

Article 09 July 2021 | Open Access

Peta-bit-per-second optical communications system using a standard cladding diameter 15-mode fiber

Space division multiplexing solutions are one way to increase future fiber information capacity. Here, the authors show peta-bit/s transmission in a standard-diameter, multimode fiber enabled by combining several practical multiplexing technologies.

• Georg Rademacher
• , Benjamin J. Puttnam
•  &  Hideaki Furukawa

Review Article 28 June 2021 | Open Access

Semiconductor core fibres: materials science in a bottle

The application space for optical fibers is growing, enabled by fibers built using special materials and processes. In this Review, the authors discuss the materials science behind producing crystalline core fibers for diverse applications and progress in the field.

• Ursula J. Gibson
•  &  John Ballato

Article 07 June 2021 | Open Access

Private communication with quantum cascade laser photonic chaos

Free-space communication in the mid-IR domain has many potential applications, but security is still challenging. Here, the authors use chaos synchronization in a QCL-based free-space link as a way to increase privacy of such transmissions.

• Olivier Spitz
• , Andreas Herdt
•  &  Frédéric Grillot

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Physics > Optics

Title: an ultra-broadband photonic-chip-based traveling-wave parametric amplifier.

Abstract: Optical amplification, crucial for modern communication, primarily relies on erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) to enhance signals without distortion. However, EDFAs only cover a portion of the low-loss spectrum of optical fibers. Optical parametric amplification, utilizing material nonlinearities, offers expanded capacity, but has faced limitations in gain and bandwidth. Addressing this, we present a high-gain continuous-traveling-wave parametric amplifier, surpassing the erbium gain window. Leveraging low-loss gallium phosphide-on-insulator photonic integrated waveguides, we achieve up to 35 dB of parametric gain, with a fiber-to-fiber net gain exceeding 10 dB across a wide wavelength range of approximately 140 nm centered at 1550 nm. We demonstrate the capability to amplify ultra-weak signals, extending over 6 orders of magnitude of input powers, optical frequency combs, and communication signals, highlighting the practical potential of our photonic-chip-based amplifier.

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