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Poverty - List of Free Essay Examples And Topic Ideas

Poverty, a state of deprivation of basic human needs and economic opportunities, is a pervasive issue across the globe. Essays could explore the systemic causes of poverty, its impact on individuals and communities, and the various strategies employed to alleviate poverty. Additionally, discussions might delve into the role of international aid, the impact of globalization, and the ethical responsibilities of affluent individuals and nations toward poverty reduction. A substantial compilation of free essay instances related to Poverty you can find at PapersOwl Website. You can use our samples for inspiration to write your own essay, research paper, or just to explore a new topic for yourself.

Poverty and Drug Abuse Addiction

One popular stereotype associated with drug use is that it is rampant among the poor. However, this is not entirely true since insufficient money linked with the poor cannot probably sustain drug use. The link between the two factors is multifaceted, and the connectedness of poverty is complex. Poverty entails unstable family and interpersonal associations, low-skilled jobs and low status, high arrest degrees, illegitimacy, school dropping out, deprived physical health, high mental conditions, and high mortality rates. Such factors resemble […]

Changing the Face of Poverty Summary

In Changing the Face of Poverty the author, Diana George, begins with her annual food drive at St. Vincent de Paul, and every day she receives bills and catalogs with appeals like the Navajo Health Foundation, little Brothers, and many others. In those was Habitat for Humanity. As a member of this club, I know the duties and responsibility towards this organization. George states that Habitat for Humanity is not as helpful as it seems. She says that the organization […]

Racism in Criminal Justice System

Scott Woods once said, The problem is that white people see racism as conscious hate, when racism is bigger than that. Racism is a complex system of social and political levers and pulleys set up generations ago to continue working on the behalf of whites at other people's expense, whether whites know/like it or not. Racism is an insidious cultural disease. It is so insidious that it doesn't care if you are a white person who likes black people; it's […]

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Impact of Poverty on the Society

This is a very challenging question because nearly every ""pressing problem or social issue"" has underlying factors and historical influences. So I will try to explain my understanding of these topics. There are two important lenses from which to consider this issue; first, from the individual circumstance and second, from specific community conditions. The inability of individuals to earn enough money to afford to meet their basic needs and maintain a healthy lifestyle is, in my opinion, the most pressing […]

Poverty in the United States

Poverty is a major issue in our world today, it is when people are not able to afford a minimum standard of living to survive. Poverty is the removal of financial stability to afford necessities. Bill Fay, veteran journalist defined poverty as a pervasive human condition of being unable to obtain or provide a standard level of food, water, and shelter. In 2015, a study was done and reported that 60% of people will experience at least 1 year of […]

Unemployment a Major Cause of Homelessness

Homelessness or known as extreme poverty can be interpreted as a circumstance when people have no place to stay with the result that they end up live in the street, under the bridge even at the side of the river. There are 3.5 million Americans are homeless each year. Of these, more than 1 million are children and on any given night, more than 300,000 children are homeless. They who do not have an occupation are the one that is […]

Breaking the Poverty Trap

One of the reasons the rich get richer, and the poor get poorer, is because of the lack of not knowing and ignorance hindering half the world, allowing the cycle of poverty to continue. Poverty trap is as a spiraling mechanism, that forces people to remain poor binding many to no hope of escaping. The poverty trap has been an ongoing cycle within generations even those close to me, that has tremendously taken a negative toll on society and my […]

Childhood Poverty

Abstract Poverty is viewed throughout the world as a large social problem that continues to advance with time. Since 1960, poverty has continued to flourish into a problem that has affected a large majority of the population, including our children. Childhood poverty affects the psychological and biological development, as well as three main levels of social systems: micro, mezzo and macro. Even though there has been active research on poverty, generational poverty and childhood poverty, no active changes have been […]

Homelessness in the United States

Homelessness is a social problem that has long plagued the United States and surrounding Countries for centuries. It is an economic and social problem that has affected people from all walks of life, including children, families, veterans, and the elderly. Kilgore (2018). States homelessness is believed to have affected an estimated amount of 2.5-3.5 million people each year in the United States alone. Recent evidence suggests economic conditions have increased the number of people affected by homelessness in the United […]

Poverty in Developing Countries

Introduction A. (Opening Device) How many of you ever had to think or worry about your next meal? Most of us, we don't have to think about that, we don't think about where we having that meal. But in developing countries people have to think about everything they do in daily life, The goal for the day is to have meal with family and have a shelter, or to live in a house to hope for better lifestyle. To make […]

Closing the Education Gap by Attacking Poverty Among Children

Looking around the campus of an Ivy League schools, one wonders how students from such diverse backgrounds ultimately wound up at the same place. From having a mother who works in admissions, I grew up hearing that no matter where you came from, your socioeconomic status, and even sometimes your grades, all kids have the potential to attend a prestigious university. However, I find that hard to believe. With a combination of taking this class on homelessness this semester, growing […]

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

Introduction The three main objectives of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, signed in October 2010, include the following: reforming the private insurance market, mainly for individuals and small group purchasers; expanding Medicaid to the working poor, whose maximum income is around 33 percent of the federal poverty level; and altering the way medical decisions are made in the country (Silvers, 2013). These three objectives are primarily determined by private choices rather than government regulation, with the expectation that […]

Financial Education and Poverty

The most pressing social issue that has the most impact on the ability of people to be healthy and economically self-sufficient is financial education. For an individual or family unit to become economically viable, they must be educated in the proper uses of their income. An individual can be gainfully employed and still be in danger of becoming homeless. This occurs when this individual or familial unit exceeds their income through purchases that are not needed. As we approach the […]

The Poverty Among Us

In our current society, poverty is an issue that plagues third world nations. All countries are interwoven with one another because of everyone needing each other for certain resources. When one country is in need, it interrupts a process that all countries have with one another. Poverty is an issue that everyone should pay attention to even if it does not occur where we live or does not affect us directly as much as it does other nations. Not only […]

Effect of Rural-Urban Migation on the Poverty Status of Farming Households in Ogbomoso

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Needless to say, poverty is a global problem; however, the menace of poverty is most devastating in the developing countries of the world. Food production has hardly kept pace with population size, and the quantity, as well as quality of health, has also massively deteriorated. According to the World Bank Development Report (2013), about 10.7 percent of the world's population lived below poverty line (US $1.90 a day). Poverty is one of […]

What is Poverty?

Poverty is a pervasive human condition of being unable to obtain or provide a standard level of food, water, and/or shelter (Fay, n.d.). The United States has the highest rate of poverty among wealthy countries. The official poverty line is based on what the federal government considers to be the minimum amount of money required for living at a subsistence level (Kendell, 2018). Sociologists define poverty in two ways: absolute and relative. Absolute poverty is when the household income is […]

Increasing Federal Minimum Wage

The magnitude of the impacts of federal minimum payments has been a typical topic of discussion for years. Economic policymakers and academic researchers base minimum wage discussions in the context of poverty and increasing the wages. However, critics argue that there are many adverse effects on small businesses and the general economy of the country. A rise in the nation payments will have impacts on the economy of the American states in which the increase in minimum wage law is […]

How Poverty Correlates with Non English Speaking American Families

How does poverty affect the people in the United states today? Poverty is currently affecting 16.3 percent of women, 13.8 of men, and 21 percent of all children in America. The highest poverty rate by race is found among Native Americans, which is 27.6 percent. African americans have 26.2 percent poverty and Hispanics having 23.4 percent. How do these families provide for their children and help them succeed if they can barely even pay the bills? Families all over the […]

Poverty and Crime

Poverty isn't the 'mother of crime.' However it is one noteworthy benefactor. Crime exists, since individuals need something they don't have, and are not willing to comply with the law(s) on the books to get it. What poverty does is, it decreases the things needy individuals have accessible to them, along these lines offering undeniably more things for needy individuals to want—and substantially more inspiration to them to carry out a crime to get it. Along these lines, more needy […]

Poverty in America

Poverty has been a ongoing, social issue that throughout the years has changed its meaning. Poverty is defined lacking basic necessities such as water, food, shelter, wealth, etc… About fifty years ago, war was declared on poverty by President Johnson hoping that it would end, but fast forward today, it is one of the biggest social issues America is dealing with. We don’t really know why poverty is still occurring, because the reasons seem to always be changing. The reasons […]

Poverty Life in the Industrial Age

Tenement Housing Tenement housing was cheap, unsanitary, and extremely crowded. They were placed by factories, so the air and water became very polluted and unsafe because of all the fumes and such from the factory. Most didn’t have indoor plumbing or proper ventilation which caused tons of health issues. At night the only light they had was from the streetlights so of course the only level of the housing that had light was the level that was level with the […]

Economic Inequality and Governmental Responsibility

Ever since the emergence of civilization several hundreds of years ago, social inequality has been a prevalent aspect of many societies across the world. This social structure developed as a result of several factors, amongst them political and economic status in the society. During the early stages of civilization, social and political status was closely related whereby the few powerful political leaders tended to be wealthier than the lesser politically influential majority. Although this dynamic is still prevalent in developing […]

Poverty and Homelessness in America

Poverty and Homelessness in America is a daunting subject which everyone recognizes but do not pay attention to. A homeless person is stereotypically thought to be a person who sleeps at the roadside, begging for money and influenced by drug with dirty ragged clothes and a person who is deprived of basic facilities in his or her life such as; education, electricity, proper clothes, shelter, water with a scarcity of balanced diet is termed as person living under the line […]

Poverty in Haiti: is there a Solution?

Abstract Haiti is a Latin American country that is often ignored. People do not hear much about it, except if a natural disaster such as the earthquake in 2010 happens. It was once the richest colony of the Caribbean and nowadays is known as the poorest country of the Western Hemisphere. Haiti has been facing a cycle of poverty since it became independent. Haiti’s location and deforestation have contributed to make the situation worse. More than half of the population […]

Causes of Poverty

Some causes of poverty in the United States are: unemployment, inflation, poor management of resources, government policies, debt, corruption, extreme weather, lack of control in local food, lack of access to education, mental illness ( lack of proper psychiatric care), diseases, automation, and overpopulation. Poverty is a pervasive human condition of being unable to obtain or provide a standard level of food, water and/or shelter. It exists in every country in varying degrees, and it is unlikely to disappear anytime […]

Affordable Housing Takes on Poverty

Without affordable housing there will be a continuous increase in minorities which also leads to a higher poverty rate. Poverty is the state of being extremely poor. Affordable housing helps decrease poverty in many ways than one. Affordable housing fulfills a human’s basic need for shelter as well as provides privacy for families. Those who receive affordable housing assistance and have children, benefit from better nutrition. Affordable housing would reduce poverty and should be available to those who are in […]

The Impacts of Neoliberalism in the Transition to Democracy in Chile

Compared to other developing countries in Latin America, Chile's political and economic development is distinctive. The country is one of the democratic exceptions, owing to its relatively poor and small population at the time of Spanish colonial rule. The indigenous population is also rather small, and the country has a high degree of ethnic and cultural homogeneity (Hillman and D’Agostino 2011, 67-107). However, today's regime wasn't always democratic. Between 1973 and 1990, Chile was under an authoritarian regime led by […]

Living in Poverty and being Rich

  Poverty is such a simple word, but it is so complicated at the same time. The vast majority of individuals will not fully comprehend the real implication of poverty just by reading its literal meaning from the dictionary, but by learning from their surroundings and experiencing hardship itself. Defining poverty can be being poor financially but is also defined as a comfortable way of living as well as spiritually too. What does it mean actually to be poor? Most […]

Poverty and Obesity

It is a known fact that the individual exert influences on the environment and vice versa. However, no man is an Island and as such, these influences reflect through various levels of social and interpersonal relationships. The social environment of the individual include interaction with peers, friend and family members, through such mechanism as role modeling, social support and social norms (Mary, Karen, Ramona, Karen .Annu. Rev. Public Health 2008.Creating Healthy food and Eating Environments, para 2). The physical environment […]

A Problem Child Poverty and Effects on Education

“The impact of poverty on a child’s academic achievement is significant and starts early,” – Jonah Edelman, co-founder and chief executive officer of Stand for Children (Taylor, 2017). According to the U.S. Census Bureau in 2015, around 20 percent of children in the U.S. lived in poverty (Taylor, 2017). Rather than focusing all our time, attention, and resources on rewriting standards and adding higher stakes standardized tests, are we missing a larger looming issue? Studies have shown that student poverty […]

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Essay About Poverty It has existed for many years and still exists today, growing and intensifying. Today poverty remains one of the biggest. In Singer’s essay “The Solution to World poverty,” he suggests the Americans should donate all their money that is not required for necessities to help feed those that are less fortunate. This claim is not true due to the fact that Singer fails to mention how much people struggle and suffer from poverty in America alone, people worked hard for their money; therefore, they deserve to spend their hard-earned money, and how the economy depends on the Americans expenses, so if people don’t spend money on expenses, the economy will crash. Singer begins by comparing Dora, the woman who sells an orphan for a new television set. Singer then introduces Bob and how he chooses to save his expensive Bugatti from a train instead of saving a child’s life, he compares this story to Americans and their lack of donation and aids and how we “too have opportunities to save the lives of children” (2). In his essay, Singer’s aim is to target all Americans, implying that everyone should donate and help. But what he fails to mention is how even in America people also struggle and suffer from poverty. In the journal “Poverty in America: Trends and Explanations,” Hilary W. Hoynes, Marianne E. Page and Ann Huff Stevens state, “The official poverty rate is 12.3 percent, based on the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2017 estimates. That year, an estimated 39.7 million Americans lived in poverty according to the official measure. 18.5 million People reported deep poverty, which means a household income below 50 percent of their 2017 poverty threshold. These individuals represented an estimated 5.7 percent of all Americans and 46.7 percent of those in poverty.” There are so many people in America who are also in need, people that are also suffering. There are without work and without insurance, people whose homes are lose to fires, storms, and bankruptcy. The idea that individuals must help their own first before helping others is reasonable and rational. Though it could be great to help all those in need, American should aid their own first and end poverty in their own country before helping to others for there are times when it is just not possible. 

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1 Poverty and the Rising Tide of Female Economic Struggles: A Global Perspective

The total number of people living in poverty worldwide is now over 1.3 billion. 70 percent of that 1.3 billion people are women and female-headed households (Marcoux, 1998, p. 131). That is 910 million women affected by poverty. The feminization of poverty is not only a problem in the United States but all over the […]

2 Poverty’s Chains: Eroding Children’s Fundamental Rights

Poverty’s Multifaceted Grip: Beyond Economics to Dignity and Fundamental Rights In general, poverty is defined as a state of existence in which a person does not have the necessities of life. A poor person ‘lacks what he or she needs,’ and a poor child is a child who lacks the necessities for survival.’ From an […]

3 Exploring the Complex Web of Homelessness: Causes and Consequences

Understanding Homelessness Causes Anyone on the planet can turn homeless due to a large number of different reasons and explanations. The principle of causation of homelessness can turn destructive. This is a common social issue with a variety of social factors, such as a lack of affording a household to be in. It’s important to […]

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4 Addressing Homelessness through Awareness, Support, and Change

Understanding Homelessness Imagine feeling lost, having nowhere to go, and not having the funds to buy your next meal, including not bathing and wearing the same filthy clothes for weeks. You’re spending each night behind an abandoned building, a bench in a public park, or even a vacant house. As the sun rises, you awaken […]

5 Reforming Homelessness: A Comprehensive Approach to Addressing Mental Health

The Depth of Homelessness and Untreated Mental Illness Homelessness plagues the streets of every urban area in the United States; many of these people have health issues that have been left untreated. “Approximately one-third of the total homeless population includes individuals with serious, untreated mental illnesses according to a research summary compiled by the Treatment […]

6 Navigating Homelessness in New Hampshire and Beyond

Homelessness in New Hampshire For my research paper, I have chosen the topic of homelessness. More specifically, the homeless problem in the state of New Hampshire and the issues that are currently unresolved regarding the matter. I’ve always found it alarming that although we live in one of the richest countries in the world, homelessness […]

7 Exploring the Complex Issue of Homelessness in America: Unveiling the Shadows

Rising Homelessness Rates Homelessness in America is snowballing for the first time in over a decade. The rate of homelessness is continuously growing by 0.7 percent, leaving roughly 553,742 Americans homeless. Conferring to the January Point-in-Time tally, the major subset of this latest statistic is of unaided children, accounting for roughly 15 percent of those […]

Thesis Statement on Poverty

Poverty thesis statements: writing ideas and guidelines.

The problem of indigence and bareness of the people today are the main ones around the world. Each state that faces these difficulties is looking for ways to change the situation to better. Students as future specialists in various fields are invited to reflect on this situation and find the reasonable solutions in poverty essay.

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What Is Poverty Thesis in Details

An essay on poverty is a student’s personal reflection on a particular topic, the basis of which is the phenomenon of bareness. This task involves sociological and economic research, as well as the formulation of your own vision of the problem and ways to solve it.

Your Poverty Thesis: What Can Be Reflected in It

Poverty essay thesis is the statement, the validity of which will be justified in the process of writing. For example, a student can say that bareness can be overcome at the global level by directing the forces of developing states to help underdeveloped countries. Thus, the task of an essay about poverty will be to develop an approximate plan of action to address the problem.

How to Compose Poverty Essay Introduction: Write It Catching

Since this type of work implies thinking about a serious socio-economic problem, then your poverty essay introduction should be catchy, interesting and maybe even a little shocking. We want to show you a simple introduction you can focus on. Here is an example of how to write a good introduction for poverty essay.

At the very moment when most of us are sitting in warm houses, and our refrigerators are full of food, somewhere very far away, one billion people are on the brink of survival because of bareness. Turning to statistics, we learn that 200 years ago this figure was equally the same. What does it mean? It cannot be that two hundred years, for which humanity has made an incredible leap in all the spheres, have been wasted. In fact, the difference is that than about four-fifths of the share in the world belonged to the indigent, and today — one of five. The population of the Earth has increased, and the problem has remained and has grown to even more unthinkable scales.

What to State in Poverty Essay Conclusion: The Final Thought

The poverty essay conclusion should be as memorable as the introduction. If you are striving for originality, you can end your work with the phrase of a philosopher or economist, or leave a rhetorical question if the topic of the essay allows you to do so.

Thesis Statement for Poverty and Some Ideas for What to Write

Here are some poverty essay topics and brief overviews of what can you write about to reveal one or another matter.

Your “What is poverty” essay can disclose this issue from different angles. Social bareness refers to the poor segments of the society, as well as badly protected ones, while the economics refers to able-bodied citizens. It is this division that aids specialists in looking for effective ways of solving difficulties because for every these segment the issue of bareness is related to its specific traits and features.

This question worries the scientists in the sphere of the economics around the world. The main reasons for this situation are low life quality due to small incomes, inadequate property security for the humans (primarily housing). Low levels of income are associated with personal characteristics: poor health, low competitiveness in the labor market, inadequate education, disability, low level of life in families, and much more. Addressing each item, in turn, it is real to address the issue of bareness in the world or make the situation better.

Poverty Thesis Statements: Evolution of Perspectives

Previously, there was not enough reason to believe that poor people have any potential; it was believed that the existence of bareness was inevitable. It was even argued that it is indispensable for economic progress since without it no one will be engaged in agriculture, working in factories and army headquarters. In this essay, you can compare the views of modern economists and scientists of previous centuries.

The problem of the economic security provision of the individual is increasingly exacerbated in unstable states. In the process of writing your essay, think about how a citizen can protect himself and what needs to be done at the state level, so that everyone feels more protected.

Despite the colossal scientific and technological progress that accompanied the world in the twentieth century, social inequality is only growing in the modern world. Moreover, social differentiation is aggravated in all countries around the world including industrial countries. The poor become even poorer, and the rich are even richer. Devote your essay to studying the root causes of this situation and propose a solution.

The poverty essay outline will include a standard structure of the essay. Making a plan for yourself, break your text into several sub-questions, which you will cover in the process of argumentation. You can even initially build your work in the form of questions and answers, and then turn it into a textual unity.

Cause and Effect of Poverty Research Paper

Effects of poverty on health, effects of poverty on educational attainment, effects of poverty on migration patterns, works cited.

Poverty can be described in a number of ways. For example, the disparities in income and wealth are considered as a sign of poverty since the state is related to issues of scarcity and allocation of resources and influence.

Although poverty is most prominent among developing countries, studies indicate that the condition is also noticeable among the developed countries. Poverty may also be defined as the combined status of poor individuals (John & Tigani 207).

Poverty affects the social, economic and political welfare of the society in many ways. This paper will therefore discuss the cause and effect of poverty with regards to the impact of poverty on: health; educational attainment; and migration patterns.

For majority of individuals, the harmful effects of economic poverty on health are worsened by disparity associated with racial, sex, disability, HIV infection and other aspects related with social status. Therefore, efforts that aim entirely on economic poverty may have restricted efficiency for supporting health.

Internationally, poor health also can result to perpetual poverty. Since the health sector has limited influence over other factors that affect the health conditions such as housing, education, environmental hazards and food supply, it encounters the realistic challenge of ascertaining how to coordinate with other sectors to break the vicious cycle of poverty- illness-poverty.

A number of effects of poverty- as enumerated above- can also cause of poverty, thus generating a cycle of poverty and complicating the matter even more: These comprise of extremism; depression; human trafficking; hunger; illiteracy, suicide; and drug abuse, among others (John & Tigani 208).

Poverty in childhood wields its effect all through the life course and is easily passed on to consequent generations. This transmission takes place via maternal health before and all through pregnancy. A Lower birth weight of a pregnant woman, influenced by the social and economic condition of her family, has a direct impact on the weight of the baby after birth.

Maternal height is among the major factors that determine the weight of an infant after birth. Other than the influences of genetics on maternal weight, poverty and low social and economic conditions of the immediate family of the mother have a strong effect via early childhood diet.

A number of studies have shown that the height of an expectant woman is directly related with the social status of her family. For example, South Asian women residing in UK are shorter than European women.

Poverty and low social and economic status are related with poor mental health among women and mental stress and ill health have been identified as outcomes of poverty among these women. Women from poor background have less weight during pregnancy.

They also suffer from genital diseases, have inferior micronutrient and are likely to smoke heavily. With respect to social disadvantage and mental health of children and youth, there is a marked similarity between emotional problems and poverty.

The prevalence of certain conditions such as bed wetting and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is quite elevated among poor children. According to a study done in Canada, over 21% of children from poor families lived with a depressed close relative compared to 5% among children in high income cohort.

Also, the study found that there was a high prevalence of suicide among youth from poor backgrounds. In addition, child care, a key factor in mental health of a child, is highly affected by low socio-economic status and explicit aspects such as dejection and debt are rife among poor parents.

Social risk aspects tend to clump together. The effect of clumping of social risk aspects on smoking and feeding patterns is shown through a study involving a sample of smoking families in the West Midlands who had infants aged below three months. The effects of smoking during pregnancy were analysed by Maritz and Harding.

The study found that the cigarette consumption and infant exposure to cigarette smoke these households increased steadily as their income levels dropped. These findings are consistent with the conventional knowledge that youth from poor families tend to be heavy smokers than those from well-off families.

In addition, drug abuse and consumption of alcohol is higher among youth from poor families than their rich counterparts. At the same time, Wojcicki focused on the condition of a woman before and during the pregnancy and the influence of depression on an infant because poverty can make a woman depressed.

The level of education attained by a mother is identified as a key marker of child health in both high and low income countries. Access to education is determined by income of the household in most countries (Sachs 3). The educational attainment of children from poor families is much lower and studies indicate that low levels of educational attainment are evident when a child is seven years old.

According to Adrienne Ingrum, there is a direct relationship between low socio-economic status and educational attainment among high school students (73). Children of parents with inferior educational attainment are likely to drop out of school.

This is because parent with low levels of education do not appreciate the value of education and tend to relay this perception to their children, hence boosting their likelihood of abandoning high school education (Ingrum 73). Thus, according to Ingrum, a low social-economic status (SES) may increase the prospect of a child dropping out of high School.

Coleman and DeLeire conducted a study in 2003 to ascertain the relationship between locus of control and educational attainment of youth. They established that children who had external locus of control do not value high school education and are thus likely to drop out of school more regularly than those with an internal locus of control (Coleman and DeLeire 712).

The outcome of their study support the Human Capital Theory which states that the probability of a student with an external locus of control dropping out of school is higher since they underrate their income potential and thus resolve that the value of lost wages outweighs the benefits acquired by investing in a high school education (Ingrum 74). According to Coleman and DeLeire, students from poor backgrounds are more likely to experience an external locus of control which makes them to place a low value on educational attainment (716).

Evidently, the Human Capital Theory stresses on the value of investing in human capital, for example education, for economic gains. Thus economic gains could be defined as completion of high school education, attained via investment in human capital.

Give that high school education takes place during youth, most of the human capital investments that would result in educational attainment need to be relayed from parents to young people. Thus, the socio-economic status of a family greatly affects accumulation of human capital among high school students.

Poor families not only have fewer human capital resources but also transmit less of it to their children (Ingrum 75). This implies that the effect of poverty among families with low SES is that it reduces the prospects of attaining high school education among these students.

Economic theories postulate that migration patterns are a result of rational choice. For instance, in the Harris-Torado model, migration of labour is structured within the framework of inequality of wages among different sectors. Labour migration choices are made by rational individuals who look for work that promise higher wage rate in urban areas.

Migration takes place when the financial gains with respect to wages at urban centres outweigh financial costs of migration and opportunity cost of rural work. Migration is thus seen as a selective process where skilled and better educated individuals move to urban centres in search of better jobs.

Since many poor families have limited financial resources, the cost of migration can limit the number of accessible destination choices, and thus the expected gains which might dampen migration. In developing countries, the adverse effects of poverty are compounded by asymmetrical information in financial markets (Waddington & Sabates-Wheeler 5).

There are several economic theories that attempt to explain the unrelenting poverty in the society. For instance, the critical threshold theory postulates that an optimal level in human capital must be realized so that the conventional competitive theory can be applicable in an economic system.

Both the country and individual must also attain this critical threshold, which varies according to the environment in which the person lives. For instance, if wage rate for unskilled labour are constrained by abundance of illiterate workers, a poor individual can’t save enough money to escape poverty if continues to live in a developing county that has a limited number of skilled labour force.

However, he can break out poverty if he shifts to a country that has a large skilled population (Bowles et al. 2). The Dysfunctional institutions theory suggests that poverty is caused by socio-economic institutions that result in skewed distribution of power and wealth in the society. Thus a society that fails to develop effective political and social institutions is likely to experience low incomes and low investments which are common ingredients of poverty (Bowles et al. 4).

A study of migration at the meso-level emphasizes migration to be a result of poverty in the community. Given that individuals are worried about their economic status, families that are poor in relation to their society move elsewhere to boost their economic status.

For instance, holding other factors constant, migration patterns to the United States from two Mexican villages (are trivially ascertained by the family’s initial absolute poverty but completely influenced by initial relative poverty).

Evidence also abounds of a non-linear association between poverty and migration which shows that poor families are not able to meet migration expenses. The outcomes suggest major concave associations between absolute and relative poverty and migration with respect to international migration (Waddington & Sabates-Wheeler 10).

Bowles, Samuel, Steven N. Durlauf, Karla Ruth Hoff, and Russell Sage Foundation. Poverty Traps . New York: Russell Sage Foundation. 2006. Print.

Coleman, Margo, and DeLeire Thomas. “An Economic Model of Locus of Control and the Human Capital Investment Decision.” The Journal of Human Resources 38.3 (2000): 710-721. Web.

Ingrum, Adrienne. “High School Dropout Determinants: The Effect of Poverty and Learning Disabilities.” The Park Place Economist 14 (2007): 73-79. Web.

John, Nitin Ashok, and Ahmed Tigani. “Health, Poverty and Human Development: A Review and Further Analysis of Effects of Poverty on Health.” Sudanese Journal of Public Health 2.4 (2007): 207-211. Web.

Maritz, Gert S., and Richard Harding. “ Life-long Programming Implications of Exposure to Tobacco Smoking and Nicotine Before and Soon After Birth: Evidence for Altered Lung Development .” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 8 (2011): 875-898. Web.

Sachs, Jeffrey. The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities for Our Time . New York: Penguin Press. 2005. Print.

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• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2024, February 1). Cause and Effect of Poverty. https://ivypanda.com/essays/cause-and-effect-of-poverty/

"Cause and Effect of Poverty." IvyPanda , 1 Feb. 2024, ivypanda.com/essays/cause-and-effect-of-poverty/.

IvyPanda . (2024) 'Cause and Effect of Poverty'. 1 February.

IvyPanda . 2024. "Cause and Effect of Poverty." February 1, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/cause-and-effect-of-poverty/.

1. IvyPanda . "Cause and Effect of Poverty." February 1, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/cause-and-effect-of-poverty/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "Cause and Effect of Poverty." February 1, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/cause-and-effect-of-poverty/.

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