ethnobotany research and applications

Ethnobotany Research and Applications

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• Nature and Landscape Conservation
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Vol. 18 (2019)

Making friends in the field: how to become an ethnobotanist. - a personal reflection, haciendo amigos en el campo: cómo convertirse en un etnobotánico. - una reflexión personal, traditional knowledge as basis for phytochemical prospecting of sideroxylon obtusifolium (roem. & schult.) t.d. penn. aiming at conservation in the brazilian semi-arid zone, traditional use of tarragon/pèrschtròmm (artemisia dracunculus l., asteraceae) in the linguistic island of sappada/plodn (european alps, northern italy), relation of medicinal plants, their use patterns and availability in the lower kailash sacred landscape, nepal, an ethnopharmacological study of plants used for treatment of diabetes in the southern and tribal regions of khyber pakhtunkhwa province, pakistan, our children don’t have time anymore to learn about our medicinal plants: how an ethnobotanical school assignment can contribute to the conservation of saramaccan maroon traditional knowledge., plants used in traditional medicine and other uses in south of erzurum (turkey): an ethnobotanical study, use of ethnobotanical results in the process of domestication of an agroforestry plant with morphological variability (adamawa, cameroon), percepciones y conocimientos de una comunidad campesina del sudoeste de la pampa (argentina). recursos forrajeros, hidrocarburos y estrategias de vida, medicinal plant species used in the treatment of skin diseases in katabi subcounty, wakiso district, uganda, medicinal plants used for diabetic problems in the rif, morocco, ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological study of medicinal and aromatic plants used in the treatment of respiratory system disorders in the moroccan rif, ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by miao people in jijiezi, yunnan, china, traditional uses of plants by indigenous communities for veterinary practices at kurram district, pakistan, traditional knowledge and practices on utilizing medicinal plants by endangered kisan ethnic group of eastern nepal, pullian: the traditional pangwal snow shoe, “mangidy”: malagasy folk beverages sold in madagascar’s market places, bamboo - the ‘timber’ of mao-naga community, quantitative ethnomedicinal study of indigenous medicinal plants used for digestive disorders of laspur valley, chitral, northern pakistan, ethnobotanical research at klasies river linking past, present, and future., a quantitative medico-botanical expedition of fairy meadows national park, diamir, gilgit baltistan, pakistan, conocimiento y uso de plantas alimenticias silvestres en comunidades campesinas del semiárido de piauí, noreste de brasil, an ethnobotanical survey of malaria-treating plants in ado-ekiti local government area, ekiti state, nigeria, ciclo anual de las plantas forrajeras: dinámicas y prácticas de una comunidad ganadera del chaco seco, argentina, implication of herbal medicines for curing arthritis in central western ghats of karnataka, ethnobotanical knowledge and threat factors for aloe species in tanzania, environment and livelihood of the kouni community of the kayes sub-prefecture (bouenza, congo), local botanical knowledge of cacti in the semi-arid region of paraíba, northeastern brazil., databases and inventories, indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants used by ethnic communities of south india, tree planting stakeholder analysis in the ugandan albertine rift, ethnobotany and nutritional value of two domestic yams (dioscorea spp.) in abaya woreda, southern ethiopia, sacred groves in western himalaya, india: community-managed nature refuges for conservation of biodiversity and culture, ethnomedicinal use of plant resources in kirtinagar block of tehri garhwal in western himalaya, biodiversity of poisonous medicinal plants solicited in the traditional phytotherapy of the central middle atlas -morocco-, traditional method of hunting edible termite, odontotermes formosanus shiraki by the irulars of gingee hills, south india, traditional utilization and management of wild allium plants in inner mongolia, medicinal flora cultivated in backyards of a community in northeast brazil, ethnobotanical uses and distribution status of arbutus (arbutus unedo l.) in morocco, phyto-cultural diversity of the shigar valley (central karakorum) baltistan, northern pakistan, quantitative ethnobotanical study of toxic plants used in the traditional pharmacopoeia of the central middle atlas -morocco-, edible mushrooms of ecuador: consumption, myths and implications for conservation, synthesis and analysis of data on inventories of medicinal plants in madagascar, notes on ethnobotany, bioculturalidad asociada a la extracción y uso del aceite de una etnovariedad de sesamum l. (pedaliaceae): un abordaje etnobotánico en un pueblo del semiárido de piauí (noreste de brasil), current issue, information.

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Ethnobotany for Beginners pp 57–66 Cite as

Ethnobotany, Science and Society

• Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque 5 ,
• Marcelo Alves Ramos 6 ,
• Washington Soares Ferreira Júnior 7 &
• Patrícia Muniz de Medeiros 8  
• First Online: 16 February 2017

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Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Plant Science ((BRIEFSPLANT))

Within the dynamic in which the relationship between people and plants is developed along with the multitude of issues and interactive levels that surround it forms a complex of ethical, social, philosophical, ideological, biological, and practical implications that ensure to qualify ethnobotany as a science that aims for human progress. Thus, the results of an ethnobotanical research can and should return, elaborately and systematically, to the social environment from which the information was collected. This type of engagement is very common when we associate it with phytotherapy and folk medicine programs in which, at the end of the project, a fusion of folk and scientific knowledge occurs. This fusion can return to the community in the form of booklets or brochures with updated and systematized knowledge about the plants that are commonly used, and their cultivation, collection, and preparation.

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Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque

Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

Marcelo Alves Ramos

Universidade de Pernambuco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil

Washington Soares Ferreira Júnior

Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil

Patrícia Muniz de Medeiros

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Albuquerque, U.P., Ramos, M.A., Júnior, W.S.F., de Medeiros, P.M. (2017). Ethnobotany, Science and Society. In: Ethnobotany for Beginners. SpringerBriefs in Plant Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52872-4_6

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• v.42(6); 2020 Dec

Vital roles for ethnobotany in conservation and sustainable development

The scientific discipline of ethnobotany – the study of human interactions with plants – has applications in many fields of current global concern, including food security, climate change, biodiversity conservation and human health. Ethnobotanical studies can provide insights into the ways that societies interact locally with their environmental resources. Ethnobotanical studies have the potential to bring together and integrate local and scientific knowledge to advance the cause of achieving biocultural conservation ( Gaoue et al., 2017 ; Prance, 2007 ). This Special Issue of Plant Diversity contains recent ethnobotanical studies that aim to contribute to determining the most useful ways ethnobotany can be used to confront human problems in the future. Specifically, this issue shows ways in which ethnobotany can contribute to the conservation of biodiversity, especially with regards to documentation and maintenance of indigenous and local knowledge of plants. The research in this issue also describes innovative practices communities have adopted to maintain their plant resources.

People have collected medicinal plants to treat various ailments since ancient times. The medicinal plants used by various ethno-linguistic groups have attracted much interest from scientists and the general public alike, and their study has become one of the most pressing topics in ethnobotany. Indigenous healers and traditional healthcare practitioners throughout the world have developed rich stores of knowledge about how to collect and use medicinal plants when providing services to communities. In this Special Issue, Xiong et al. (2020) provide a case study of a Buyi community in Lubuge Township, Luoping County, eastern Yunnan. They document 121 plant species used locally for medicinal purposes, a large proportion of which, surprisingly, has not previously been documented in the scientific literature as being of medicinal value (56 species, 46%). For a number of reasons, the ethnomedicinal knowledge of the Buyi people is at risk of disappearing and the authors advance some proposals for how this knowledge and associated plants can be better conserved.

Herbal markets play an important role in both supplying medicinal plants and in transmitting related knowledge. Palabas Uzun and Koca (2020) describe an investigation into the traditional uses of medicinal plants traded in herbal markets in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey. They found 62 taxa of plants that are traded, 26 of which are to some degree globally threatened. Commercialization often increases demand for medicinal plants, which consequently increases both threats to these medicinal plant species and their improper utilization. Consumers of medicinal plants should be informed of correct medicinal usages and that medicinal plants are not inexhaustible.

Gu et al. (2020) investigated medicinal plant usage at Dragon Boat Festival herbal markets in Xingren and Zhenfeng counties of Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Guizhou Province. This study confirmed that folk herbal markets in southwest China accurately reflect the practices of these ethnic minorities, following healthcare customs that may have existed for thousands of years. These markets are also a good reflection of local plant diversity. Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture has extensive karst landscapes, which are being increasingly impacted by soil erosion and more exposure of bare rock. Information from this survey will be useful in supporting strategies that attempt to halt the process of rocky desertification and that protect biodiversity.

Cistanche deserticola is an important medicinal plant in traditional medicine, especially in the traditional medical systems of East Asia. It is used as a tonic and for other purposes in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Tibetan Medicine, and Mongolian Medicine. Mandakh et al. (2020) , working with a combined team of Chinese and Mongolian scientists, report on the uses of C. deserticola -associated plant communities in Umnugobi, the southern Gobi Desert, Mongolia. They have documented the folk nomenclature based on 96 plant species in the Cistanche community, creating a valuable resource that will be useful for devising strategies for the conservation of plant biodiversity in Mongolia.

A desire to protect the rich store of traditional knowledge associated with medicinal plants that provide foods and drinks lies behind the ethnobotanical research of Liu et al. (2020) in Qingtian, Zhejiang Province, China. They report 129 species of plants belonging to 113 genera and 75 families that are used as herbal teas for treating no fewer than 31 named categories of ailments. They have discovered that the use of herbal teas is gradually declining and, along with it, the loss of the associated knowledge. They hope that their research will stimulate the interest of local people to protect local herbal tea plants.

The ways that plant resources are utilized depend on the availability of the resources and the level of knowledge of the people. Kathambi et al. (2020) conducted an ethnobotanical study in Tharaka-Nithi County in Kenya, where they succeeded in documenting a total of 214 plant species known to the people, distributed in 73 families and 169 genera. As with the Qingtian case described above, Vivian and colleagues hope that their research will lead to a greater appreciation of the value of local plant resources among local people. The authors highlight the needs to conserve and utilize these resources sustainably.

The daily lives of people following traditional lifestyles are closely connected to local plant life. Zhao et al. (2020) present the results of an investigation into the knowledge of plants held by 12 Naxi communities in northwest Yunnan. They found that 161 species of plants belonging to 61 families are used for treating skin conditions. Through the use of quantitative methods, Zhao and colleagues show that this knowledge is related to the people's lifestyles, natural environment, and the meanings of the plants to the people. The study went on to show that the plants identified in Naxi communities contain chemical compounds previously reported as active agents in skin treatments.

Hematophagous invertebrates, such as mosquitoes, leeches, mites, ticks, lice and bugs, cause various health problems for humans. Nowadays, there is an urgent need to develop new insecticides and repellents to replace the synthetic chemicals that are currently in use and which can be toxic, non-degradable and have become increasingly ineffective due to mounting genetic resistance on the parts of pathogens and invertebrates. Gou et al. (2020) conducted field surveys in villages of the Bulang, Jinuo and Lahu people in Xishuangbanna Prefecture in southwest Yunnan to investigate traditional knowledge of hematophagous invertebrate control. They recorded a total of 709 use-reports, altogether mentioning a total of 32 plant species used in 71 different ways. These three ethnic groups, all living in the same area, share a degree of common understanding about the uses of plants, although each group also possesses unique knowledge. The researchers have screened the species to determine priorities for follow-up laboratory research, among which Artemisia indica , Nicotiana tabacum and Clausena excavata , have been selected as the most promising.

Wild fodder plants provide important livestock feed globally, especially for smallholder farmers. How fodder plants are managed can have an important influence for determining whether this resource is used sustainably, at the same time helping to find ways to conserve associated threatened herbivores. The gayal (also known as mithun) is a large semi-domesticated bovine found in Yunnan and neighboring areas of Southeast Asia. Geng et al. (2020) have assessed the nutrient values of various species found in systems of agroforestry in the Dulongjiang area of northwest Yunnan where the gayal is found. Their aim is to provide information that will be useful for achieving more sustainable use of resources of wild fodder.

The concept of biodiversity can be viewed from many perspectives, some of which are rather mysterious to the general public. It is urgent to find practical ways of gaining wider public support for the conservation of biodiversity for it to become widely achieved in practice. Qian et al. (2020) have established a quantitative scoring system to identify good candidates for flagship species, which, it is thought, will help rally local support for conservation initiatives. They propose using six criteria for identifying the best flagship species: three criteria that refer to conservation science, namely the endangered, endemic and rarity statuses of the species; and three criteria that relate to local ecosystem functioning and socio-economic and cultural values.

We are faced today with a worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. The outbreak of this disease is connected to both ecological and human systems, demonstrating the importance of paying attention to the connections between the two in dealing with issues of human survival. Similarly, humans face other crises at present that relate to both ecological and human systems, including additional serious diseases and food security. At the same time, there are benefits derived from the ways that biodiversity regulates ecosystems, such as the assuredness of water supplies. Humanity must now quickly develop a science of survival. In the words of the Declaration of Kaua'i ( Prance, 2007 ): “ Ethnobotany can strengthen our links to the natural world. It makes it possible for us to learn from the past and from the diverse approaches to plants represented by the different human cultures that exist today. Ethnobotany is at once a vital key to preserving the diversity of plants as well as to understanding and interpreting the knowledge by which we are, and will be, enabled to deal with them effectively and sustainably throughout the world. Thus ethnobotany is the science of survival ”.

Peer review under responsibility of Editorial Office of Plant Diversity.

• Gaoue O.G., Coe M.A., Bond M. Theories and major hypotheses in ethnobotany. Econ. Bot. 2017; 71 :269–287. doi: 10.1007/s12231-017-9389-8. [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
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Ethnobotany Research and Applications

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Ethnobotany Research & Applications is an electronic, peer-reviewed, multi-disciplinary journal devoted to the rapid dissemination of current research. Manuscript submission, peer review, and publication are all handled on the Internet. The journal seeks manuscripts that are novel, integrative and written in ways that are accessible to a wide audience. This includes an array of disciplines (biological and social sciences) concerned particularly with theoretical questions that lead to practical applications. Articles can also be based on the perspectives of cultural practitioners, poets and others with insights into plants, people and applied research. Photo essays, methodology reviewseducation studies and theoretical discussions are also published. The journal publishes original research that is described in indigenous languages. We also encourage papers that make use of the unique opportunities of an E-journal: color illustrations, animated model output, down-loadable models and data sets. As a general rule review articles" will not be considered

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2003 - Volume 1 : Ethnobotany Research and Applications

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• Item Tobacco Basket ( University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003 ) Stevens, Michelle L.
• Item Emerging Synergies Between Information Technology and Applied Ethnobotanical Research ( University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003 ) Thomas, Michael B. Ethnobotanical research has historically played a vital role in humankinds understanding of the relationship between people and the biological environment. Today, it remains a rapidly growing field of research, gaining professional, student and public interest both within the US and internationally. Ethnobiologists have however been very slow to adopt and apply tools of the informatics revolution and to integrate research data collaboratively. If ethnobotany is to continue to develop as a discipline, what is needed in the near future is not only a continued effort to promote collaborative ethnobotanical research but also to develop an initiative to bridge the digital gap between ethnobiologists and emerging bioinformatics tools. Through an improved understanding of the application of information technologies and the traditional ethnobotanical research model, tomorrow’s scientists may better record and compare traditional botanical knowledge (TBK). This integration would greatly assist in stemming the tide of the unprecedented loss of global bio-cultural diversity in the twenty-first century.
• Item Back To The Future: Using Traditional Knowledge to Strengthen Biodiversity Conservation in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia ( Botany Department, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003 ) Raynor, Bill ; Kostka, Mark Pohnpei's traditional belief system strongly supports conservation, but years of foreign rule and influence, population growth, excessive US aid, shift to a cash economy and other factors have combined to weaken the islanders' conservation ethic. The result has been a rapid decline in biodiversity health, which has in turn led to a decrease in quality of life and increased dependence on outside assistance. Conventional government-led western style approaches to resource management were clearly failing, and in 1990, The Nature Conservancy, the local government, and other partners embarked on a program to involve the island's traditional leaders and other cultural experts in the protection of the island's upland forest watershed. After a difficult start, the program has focused on combining Pohnpei culture and traditional knowledge with modern conservation planning and management practices with some success. The result has been a unique community-based management approach that establishes local control over spatially discreet resources that are legitimately considered to belong to the community and the return of resource management and use to an autonomous, consensus-based decision-making process. In a sense, the approach is an act of reconciliation, reconfirming those aspects of both political systems that are considered legitimate. For the participants, it has been a valuable learning experience through which a uniquely "Pohnpei-style" approach - suited specifically to the island's social and political conditions - is being developed.
• Item Te Hoe Nuku Roa: A Journey Towards Maori Centered Research ( University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003 ) Forster, Margaret Maori people have a unique body of knowledge that, while based on ancestral traditions, has adapted to meet contemporary challenges. While Maori knowledge is widely applied in Maori communities it is now increasingly being used in mainstream domains. This paper will focus on a project known as Best Outcomes For Maori: Te Hoe Nuku Roa Maori Profiles, a longitudinal Maori household project with a focus on Maori development in cultural, social and economic terms. This project is based on a cultural framework that has been formulated from 'traditional' principles. It provides a model for the interaction between Maori knowledge and mainstream social science practices and demonstrates how Maori knowledge and the Western scientific tradition can be used together to resolve critical failings in previous research and advance the aspirations of Maori people. It is just one example of how traditional principles are demonstrating their continuing value in contemporary Maori development. "The challenge today is to survive as Maori, to retain a Maori identity, while still being able to participate fully in society and in the communities of the world." (Durie 1997)
• Item The Ethnobotany of the Yanomami Indians ( University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003 ) Prance, Ghillean T.
• Item Medicinal Plant Use in Reproductive Health Disorders ( University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003 ) Ramihantaniariyo, Herlyne ; Ramambazafy, Richard F. ; Quansah, Nat Information gathered on the behavior of outpatients with regards to treating reproductive health disorders is reported. The information was gathered at the Reproductive Health Unit, University Training Hospital / 'Institut Hygiene Sociale', Antananarivo, Madagascar during the six-month period of May - October 1999. Gonorrhea (42.51%) and genital ulcer (13.18%) of cases were the dominant reproductive health disorders presented by patients. 50.83% of the 358 patients suffering from gonorrhea and 39.63% of the 111 patients with genital ulcer used medicinal plants to treat their disorders. The results obtained from examining these patients at the hospital seem to reveal a justification of their use of medicinal plants for these reproductive health problems. All patients who took medicinal plants in both cases of gonorrhea and genital ulcer showed none of the reported disorders. The need to identify the plants used by these patients in order to explore the wider and safe use for these reproductive health disorders is called for. Similarly (and probably more importantly) is the need to look for those prescribing these plants (the traditional medical practitioners) so as to find out ways to enable them to work in partnership with the modern medical practitioner in the area of reproductive health.
• Item A Practitioners Perspectives: Traditional Tannin-Treatment Against Intestinal Parasites in Sheep and Cattle ( University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003 ) Aas, Eilif Around the world indigenous groups have traditionally used leaves, bark and roots containing tannins to treat diarrhea and intestinal parasites in humans and livestock. Traditional veterinary medicine has largely been replaced by pharmaceuticals throughout most of the world. My aim is to revitalize traditional veterinary practices and connect them to novel research. This study includes a literature review based mostly on three articles about condensed tannins (CT), all from New Zealand: Barry & McNabb (1999), Niezen et al. (1995 & 1996), and Høeg (1974). These are considered in light of my observations and experiences of beneficial effect from feeding sheep with high-tannin forage. CT have been reported to increase absorption of essential amino acids in the small intestines. This results in increased wool growth, body mass, milk production and amount of protein in milk. CT seem to counteract protein loss caused by gut parasitism and may stimulate the immune system. CT may also inactivate parasite larvae during passage through the gut. Forage containing CT could offer a nutritionally-based ecologically sustainable system for controlling the effects of parasites. Tannins might also be a way to reduce the large amount of grain fed to sheep and cattle. Traditional practices could be a means to better health and economy for traditional societies. This is especially important when crops containing CT are available in great amounts or can be grown in mountain or cold districts where grains are difficult to grow.
• Item Ancestral Genetic Resources Provide an Alternative to GMO Crops ( University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003 ) Eubanks, Mary W. Concern about the effects of pesticides on human health and the environment, has been a major rationale for promoting transgenic crops, often referred to as genetically modified organisms (GMOs), or as genetically enhanced (GE) crops. Companies that sell genetically engineered crop plants claim that biotechnology offers a safe alternative to agricultural chemicals and is necessary to feed the world’s expanding human population. However, there are still many unknowns about the safety of GMOs for human health and the environment, and virtually nothing is known about how the genomes of organisms may be affected by horizontal transfer of alien genes into plants, animals, and even humans. An alternative approach to transgenic technology is the exploitation of beneficial genes from wild relatives of crop plants using conventional breeding methods. This paper describes how genetic engineering differs from conventional plant breeding, then compares and contrasts benefits from transgenic engineering with traditional methods of crop improvement. An example of how the ancestral genes model has been employed to impart an insect resistance trait to corn based on native resistance from a wild relative is compared to transgenic corn with resistance to the same insect engineered with a transgene from a bacterium. Using the ancestral genes approach, harmful chemicals used to control the worst insect pest of corn can be eliminated with no consequences to human health or the environment; whereas with the transgenic approach, there are many safety concerns in both arenas.
• Item Application of Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Practices of Indigenous Hawaiians to the Revegetation of Kaho'olawe ( University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003 ) Gon, Samuel M. III Kaho'olawe Island has been established as a natural and cultural reserve, and an ongoing process of removal of dangerous unexploded ordnance is to be followed by a restoration of the native vegetation of the island, now largely denuded and highly disturbed by alien weeds. As part of the planning process for this effort, a review of Hawaiian traditional ecological knowledge and land management practices was undertaken, offering many premises, precedents, and practica for the effort, all stemming from chants and recorded practices of Hawaiians. It becomes clear that traditional approaches have much to offer the modern restoration effort.
• Item Why Launch a New Journal? ( University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003 ) McClatchey, Will ; Thomas, Michael B.

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Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants for treatment of diabetes and hypertension used in communities near fathala forest, senegal, entre a tradição e a modernidade: a relação entre as benzedeiras e as plantas medicinais em um centro urbano no sul do brasil, ethnobotanical inventory and therapeutic applications of plants traded in the ho central market, ghana, quantitative ethnomedicinal study of indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants used by the tribal communities of central kurram, khyber pakhtunkhwa, pakistan, brazilian cherry: identifying local knowledge and diversity of eugenia involucrata in the countryside of santa catarina state/brazil, between tradition and modernity: the relationship among healers and medicinal plants in an urban center in southern brazil, prospects for the introduction of ferula tadshikorum pimentov in the conditions of the tashkent region, plants and fungi in the ethnomedicine of the medieval east - a review, food and culture: cultural patterns related to food by indigenous communities in kashmir – a western himalayan region, export citation format, share document.