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LLM PhD Integrated Course, Eligibility, Admission, Syllabus, Subjects, Scope & Career Growth

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What is LLM Ph.D.?

LLM Ph.D. is an integrated dual degree course. It combines postgraduate-level LLM and doctoral Ph.D. programmes. LLM PhD dual degree can be pursued by students who come from different academic backgrounds. It is one of the best ways to develop the right amount of knowledge in the field of law. As people are becoming aware of their legal rights and responsibilities, the demand for law courses has increased among students. There are numerous specialisations offered in law courses such as international business law, patent law, civil law , human rights law, corporate law , and labour law .

The LLM course can be completed in one year, and from then onwards, you can start your Ph.D . The PhD after LLM duration will be of three to four years. A lot of people consider LLM to be the degree that you need to do if you are looking to teach a student in college or if you want to pursue a Ph.D. You need to keep reading the article to know more about this integrated PhD after LLM programme.

What is the LLM PhD Full Form?

LLM PhD stands for Master of Legislative Law- Doctor of Philosophy. The Ph.D. topic depends on what subjects you have chosen in your LLM. The Ph.D. in legal studies helps students understand the advanced legal system of the country and the different policies that come into play to make juridical decisions. A candidate who is applying for an LLM course must be keen to study law and the various niches that the law offers.

Highlights - Master of Legislative Law- Doctor of Philosophy (LLM PhD)

Llm phd fee structure.

The fee structure of the LLM PhD integrated course is planned by the management authority of the academic institution. It may vary across colleges, depending on the facilities provided and previous academic records. The average LLM PhD fees range from Rs. 2 lakhs to Rs. 6.3 lakhs, based on the college choice.

Why choose LLM PhD

The LLM PhD joint degree is suitable for all professionals. Whether you are a lawyer or a non-lawyer, it does not matter. LLM PhD dual degree is well recognised internationally and will stand the test of time. The masters of law are not only for lawyers who fight their cases in the courtroom. People in industrial business, academia, marketing, international diplomacy, and administration are some of the different opportunities in which you can kickstart your career with this master’s degree.

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LLM PhD Eligibility

Every institute has its own eligibility criteria for the integrated LLM PhD course. we have provided you with the basic LLM PhD eligibility that every law school demands from the students.

  • First, a student must have done a bachelor's in law or have some kind of degree in law, which could be either a BA LLB or BBA LLB from a recognised university or college.
  • Some colleges may have a higher minimum percentage when it comes to the admission process in LLM. But for most law schools, a minimum of 55 per cent of previous bachelors is required.
  • When it comes to the age limit, there is no specified age to take LLM courses in various colleges in the country. You only need to complete your graduation to pursue LLM.

Skills Required for LLM PhD Degree

For a person to pursue a PhD in law after LLM , one needs to have a good observational trait to look for even the smallest details. Also, they should be good at interpersonal skills and should be comfortable in running the debate. Below are some LLM PhD skills helpful to the students throughout the course.

LLM PhD Application Process

Suppose you are interested in doing your LLM course along with a Ph.D. You need to make sure that you apply to all the top law schools that are present in the country. Also, when you are pursuing LLM, you need to take a specialisation in it. Below is the general LLM PhD application process followed at most colleges in India.

  • Candidates who want to get admission to the LLM course first need to appear for the national entrance exams. To get admission to the top law schools that the nation has to offer.
  • Once you have filled out the application form for the LLM course entrance test, you need to appear in the exam and score good marks. After the result is out, colleges will have their cut-off for the respective entrance exams, and you can apply for those colleges whose cut-off you have cleared.
  • After applying to college, you need to visit the campus for the final interview round, where the administration will ask you a general question and test your verbal skills.
  • Now, if you are selected for the college, you will start your LLM course and during those 12 months, you can choose the topic for your Ph.D. and submit a draft to the college.
  • Also, if you are interested in combining LLM courses along with a Ph.D., the whole admission process is the same. But, candidates also need to provide the working experience certificate, which needs to be off at least three to five years.

LLM PhD Cutoff

A cut-off is the minimum required score that determines the eligibility of candidates to offer enrollment in academic programmes. It is affected by three major factors: the number of candidates participating in the examination, the number of available seats, and the difficulty level of the examination. It is difficult to predict the LLM PhD cutoff, as it changes every year. Candidates are advised to check the college's websites for the publication of the LLM PhD cutoff.

Top Law Colleges Accepting CLAT PG Score

The Common Law Admission Test-Postgraduate ( CLAT-PG) is an offline test at the national level that provides admission to various law-related courses. Across the country, there are many colleges and universities that accept CLAT-PG scores to provide admission. Below are some of the top colleges accepting CLAT PG scorecards.

LLM PhD Syllabus

There are several different LLM PhD subjects and specialisations, that you can choose when you are pursuing the course. Depending on your specialisation, the LLM PhD syllabus will be different for each course. Below is the LLM PhD curriculum which is followed at the Auro University, Surat .

LLM PhD Specialisations

LLM PhD dual degree course allows students to learn new different core subjects, which can help in building a good law career. Given below are some of the law specialisations which you should be looking for when you apply for the LLM PhD integrated course.

  • Business Law
  • Criminal Law
  • Human Rights
  • Taxation Law

What after LLM PhD

There are a number of opportunities open up for you once you complete your LLM Ph.D. LLM courses will bring both respect and money into your life. There are a lot of public areas where the government needs an LLM course candidate to help them out. Graduates can work for the government as well as private organisations. Moreover, they can also open up their own consultancy or legal aid firm and become an entrepreneur. Pursuing a career as an academician is another choice you can opt for.

Careers Opportunities After LLM PhD

Given below, we have named some career options that you can choose after completing your LLM with an integrated Ph.D. Here is the list of LLM PhD career options that you can choose that can easily provide both social respect and a respectable annual salary.

Advocate :- You can have a great career both in India and abroad when it comes to becoming an advocate. You will be able to showcase your knowledge of Indian law. To succeed in this line, you need to have an astute for human behaviour and psychology.

Lawyer : A lawyer is a professional who practices law. He or she provided advice to clients on legal matters. He or she may advocate and represent clients in the courts. A lawyer interprets the legal terms to clients and interprets laws, rulings, and regulations for individuals and businesses. He or she conducts case studies and prepares legal documents.

Legal Advisor :- A legal consultant or legal advisor helps the company sign a legal contract with the new companies or with the new client. It requires you to have legitimate research, drafting, and research related to your company's projects.

Judge :- One of the highly reputed jobs in India can be taken up if you have completed your LLM PhD course. Surely you need to take an exam for that, but this course will help you prepare for it, and during the interview stage the postgraduate degree with a Ph.D. is going to help you pass the process with flying colours.

Top Recruiters for LLM PhD

Several recruiters hire individuals with legal expertise directly through campus placements. These recruiters visit the campuses of premier law colleges like ICFAI Law School, Hyderabad , Saveetha University, Chennai , and RNB Global University, Bikaner . Some of the notable recruiters for LLM PhD courses are provided in the table below.

Salary After LLM PhD

We have provided below the salary details based on the law career job profiles. The salary offered to LLM PhD graduates may vary depending on their job profile and area of law specialisation and the structure of the employing organisation.

Source: Payscale

LLM PhD Employing Areas

An LLM PhD is a higher level of qualification in the field of legal studies. Successful LLM PhD graduates can become law professors and start teaching in law colleges and universities. They can either start working with NGOs, media houses, NPOs, legal firms, or in the court of law. Note that, specific employment areas depend on the individual's specialisation, preference, and experience.

Frequently Asked Question (FAQs) - LLM PhD Integrated Course, Eligibility, Admission, Syllabus, Subjects, Scope & Career Growth

Question: is there any national-level exam for llm phd.

No, there is no national-level exam for the LLM PhD integrated course.

Question: What is the application process for LLM PhD?

The application process involves meeting educational requirements, appearing for an entrance exam (if any), and appearing for an interview.

Question: What is the duration of LLM PhD programme?

Most colleges cover LLM PhD courses in four years, however, it can take up to five years as well, depending on the curriculum and specialisation.

Question: Is 1 year LLM valid for PhD?

Yes, you can apply for Ph.D. programme after one year of LLM, but make sure you have pursued LLM in full-time mode, otherwise, your application may not be considered.

Question: Can I do LLM and PhD together?

Yes, candidates can pursue an LLM PhD integrated course of four years. Note that, they must have a bachelor’s degree in law first.

Question: Is LLM course different from the LLM Ph.D.?

Yes. You will need three or more years to complete LLM Ph.D. In this programme, a student needs to choose a topic for the research and come up with the solution and thesis along with the published paper at the end of the final year to complete the programme. LLM course is a postgraduate degree in law.

Question: Do all LLM course have a one year time period?

There are certain exceptions that can go beyond one year of the time period but mostly LLM course full-time programmes take one year to complete. Some schools do offer part-time and distance learning to their students so that LLM course can be done in two to three years depending on the law school.

Question: What is the minimum requirement for applying for the seat of LLM course Ph.D. in top colleges?

You need to have work experience in this field and your bachelors have to be related to legal studies in one way or the other.

Question: Will LLM course Ph.D. help me in my career as a lawyer?

Yes, when you enrol in an LLM course you have to choose a specialisation for your postgraduate. During this decision-making, you can choose criminal law, or family law as your specialisation. These will help you learn the core concepts of Indian law which will be beneficial for you in the long term when you need to represent your client in court.

Question: As a B.Tech graduate, can I pursue an LLM coursePh.D.?

To get admission in LLM, you need to have a bachelor's in the same field, which is a legal study. You can get admission to LLM course postgraduate courses in some colleges. Still, top law schools require you to have previous experience in the field or a graduate degree.

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Integrated LLM Ph.D Dual Degree - 2022-23

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Eligibility :

Graduation from any Recognised University in LLB/5 Year Integrated Law with atleast 50% (45% for SC/ST category) in aggregate.

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Please click here for our step by step procedure for admission.

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Integrated Ph. D Programmes

INTEGRATED Ph.D. PROGRAMME

Eligibility :

Selection procedure :

Shortlisting for interviews for selection to the Int. Ph.D. Physical Science programme will be based on academic records, performance in the national level exams, statement of purpose mentioned in the application form.

Shortlisting for interviews for Int. Ph.D. Chemical Science programme will be done based on the performance in Joint Admission test for Master’s (JAM) 2024 or a written examination conducted by JNCASR.

The applications for the Int. Ph.D. Biological Science programme will be screened based on overall academic performance for eligibility to attend an entrance exam. Successful candidates will be invited to appear for interviews shortly afterwards.

The final selection to the Int. Ph.D. Degree Programme will be based on the performance in the interview.

Note: Interviews will be held in-person only .

Scholarships/Fellowships: Integrated Ph.D. students are paid fellowship of Rs.19000/- for first two years, Rs.37,000/- during third and fourth year and Rs.42,000/- during fifth, sixth and seventh year.

Medical / Insurance facility: Students are automatically enrolled in a Group Insurance Scheme and a Comprehensive Medical Scheme and have access to an on-campus doctor, as well as to medical facilities elsewhere.

Travel grants:  While pursuing Ph.D. from third year onwards, one time  students travel grant upto Rs.1,00,000/- is provided to attend international/national conferences.

Our students have attended conferences in countries such as Korea, Iran, France, Singapore, the United States of America, Japan, Sweden, Italy, Israel, etc.

Tuition Fee, etc :  Current norms for payment of tuition fees is Rs.5,000/- per annum for first two years and Rs.10,000/- per annum for the next five years. In addition, Rs 200 as medical charges and group insurance fee of Rs. 25 will be charged every month.

Link to degree programme

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List of NLUs in India 2024: Ranking, Courses, Admission Process

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National Law Universities (NLUs) are the premier law schools in India and are seen as flagbearers of legal education. The NLUs represent the second-generation reforms in legal education. The first NLU, named as National Law School of India University (NLSIU) was established under the National Law School of India Act (Karnataka Act 22 of 1986). Currently, there are 26 NLUs and an off-campus of GNLU Gandhinagar known as GNLU Silvassa.

Latest:  CLAT 2024 round 1, 2 & 3 cut-offs - All NLUs

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Admission Alert: Law Programs at Jindal Global Law School

List of Top NLUs in India - NIRF NLU Ranking

Law courses offered by top nlus in india, entrance exams for nlus, admission to nlus through clat, admission to nlu delhi through ailet, nlus admission - eligibility criteria, ailet vs clat - a comparison.

List of NLUs in India 2024: Ranking, Courses, Admission Process

Out of 27 NLUs, 24 offer admissions through the Common Law Admission Test . NLU Delhi and NLU Meghalaya conduct their admissions through different entrance exams. CNLU Patna conducts its a separate admission test for LLM programme.

Almost all national law universities (NLUs) offer integrated LLB, LLM and PhD programmes. Some of the NLUs also offer various certification programmes. NLSIU Bengaluru and NLUO Cuttack are the only NLUs to offer a 3-year LLB programme for students who have completed their graduation. NLSIU Bengaluru offers admission to 3-year LLB through National Law School Admission Test (NLSAT) which is conducted online. In this article, students can get the full list of NLUs along with various other related details including law courses , admission process, seats, entrance exam, and cutoffs for NLUs.

Apply to Amity University, Noida Law Admissions 2024

Start a career in Law. Admissions Open for LLB courses for

Nlu full form.

NLU stands for National Law University. These universities were established to take legal education in India on par with global standards. They are no less in status than IIMs and IITs are for management and engineering respectively. Currently, there are 26 NLUs in the country. Read on to find out the list of NLUs in India rank-wise.

Amity University, Noida Law Admissions 2024

Admissions open for B.A. LL.B (Hons) , B.A. LL.B , BBA LL.B.(Hons) , B.Com.LL.B. (Hons.)

Jindal Global Law School Admissions 2024

Ranked #1 Law School in India & South Asia by QS- World University Rankings | Meri-based Scholarships | Excellent Placement Opportunities

Top NLUs in India

NLU ranking is an important factor for candidates when deciding their preferred institute. In NIRF Law rankings 2023 NLSIU Bengaluru occupies the top spot. The other universities that complete the top 10 NLU ranking 2024 are NLU Delhi, NALSAR Hyderabad, WBNUJS Kolkata, GNLU Gandhinagar, NLIU Bhopal, RGNLU Patiala, RMLNLU Lucknow, NUSRL Ranchi, and NLUJA Assam.

National Law Universities Seat Intake (Updated 2024)

The national law universities offer 5-year integrated LLB, 3-year LLB, LLM and PhD courses. Candidates may check the list of law programmes offered by NLUs below.

Law Programmes offered by NLUs

Some NLUs such as NLSIU Bangalore also offer Master of Public Policy, Certificate courses in various disciplines of law, and MBA courses.

NLU Courses Full List

Upes integrated llb admissions 2024.

Ranked #21 amongst Institutions in India by NIRF | Ranked #9 in India by QS University Rankings 2023 | Last date to apply: 24th April

ICFAI-LAW School BA-LLB / BBA-LLB Admissions 2024

Ranked 1 st among Top Law Schools of super Excellence in India - GHRDC | NAAC A+ Accredited

There are two law entrance exams for admission to national law universities (NLUs). The first one is the Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) organised by the Consortium of National Law Universities (NLUs) . It is a common entrance exam for admission to 23 national law universities (NLUs) . The second is the All India Law Entrance Test (AILET) of the National Law University Delhi. It is important to note here that NLU Delhi is not a member NLU of the CLAT Consortium, so the CLAT scores are not accepted by it. NLU Meghalaya also conducts its exams namely MEG UAT and MEG PAT for its UG and PG admissions respectively.

CNLU Patna also conducts a separate admission test for the LLM programme. The university’s UG programme is offered through CLAT.

The Common Law Admission Test or CLAT is one of the most popular law entrance tests . It is conducted offline, in pen and paper format, across the country. The application form for CLAT is typically released in July and the entrance exam is conducted in the first or second week of December. The consortium tries to complete its admission process before May. The first week of August is the time when most of the NLUs commence their classes.

The NLU Delhi’s entrance examination, AILET, is also an offline-based examination conducted across the country. The application form of AILET is released for BA LLB, LLM and PhD programmes, around August. The exam is conducted in December and the classes start in the first week of August.

The eligibility criteria for admission to law programmes are the same across all 22 national law universities under the CLAT Consortium. NLU Delhi specified its eligibility criteria separately in its admission notification. Even though the basic eligibility criteria remain the same for admission across NLUs. Here are the details of NLU's eligibility criteria.

NLUs admission eligibility criteria

Browse Law Colleges by Locations:

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One can find many similarities and differences in CLAT vs AILET comparison. CLAT is essentially a comprehension-based test designed to examine the reading and critical thinking skills of the aspirant. AILET on the other hand is a mix of both comprehension and non-comprehension-based questions. Here is a brief analysis of these two NLU entrance exams.

CLAT and AILET - An overview of the pattern

Also Read -

Detailed CLAT exam pattern

Detailed AILET exam pattern

CLAT vs AILET - Comparison of syllabus and test structure

The syllabus of the AILET and CLAT exams are more or less the same. Both entrance tests are known for testing the necessary skills required for pursuing law. However, there are some differences between CLAT and AILET as well. For example, AILET has a test structure based on both comprehension-based questions as well as simple objective questions. In CLAT, however, almost the entire test paper will be based on comprehension-based passages of 300-450 words, making it a lengthy paper. Candidates may check the details of the CLAT and AILET test structure below.

AILET syllabus and test structure

Clat test structure and syllabus.

Detailed CLAT syllabus

Detailed AILET syllabus

NLUs Fee Structure

For undergraduate law programmes, the annual fees of NLUs range from 1.5 lakh per annum to 2.62 lakh per annum. While, in the case of LLM programmes, the annual fees range from 1.13 lakh to 1.89 lakh. In top-ranked NLUs, the annual fees tend to be higher due to the various facilities offered by them in addition to regular classes. Candidates may check the details of NLU fee structure from the quick links given below.

Fees in NLUs

Top Universities in India

Chandigarh University

KL University

Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

At present, there are 25 national law universities in India. 

Admissions to NLUs are offered through entrance tests. You can appear in Common Law Admission Test which is accepted by 23 NLUs. Or, you can also appear in All India Law Entrance Test (AILET) for admission to National Law University Delhi. NLU Meghalaya conducts MEG UAT and MEG PAT for its UG and PG admissions.

The full fom of NLU is National Law University. 

The NLUs offer 3-year LLB, 5-year LLB, LLM, PG Diploma courses, PhD in Law, and several other programmes.

According to NIRF ranking by the Government of India, NLSIU, Bangalore is the top law school in India. It is followed by NLU Delhi, NALSAR Hyderabad, WBNUJS Kolkata in the ranking list. For admission to NLSIU Bangalore, candidates must secure a rank above 100 in CLAT 2024 exam.

National Law Universities are self-financing institutes which are not funded by the government. This makes them to charge high fees to provide better infrastructure and learning facilities. 

There are 25 NLUs in India

NLSIU Bengaluru, NLU Delhi, NALSAR Hyderabad, WBNUJS Kolkata and GNLU Gandhinagar are the top 5 NLUs in India.

The top 10 NLUs in India are NLSIU Bengaluru, NLU Delhi, NALSAR Hyderabad, WBNUJS Kolkata, GNLU Gandhinagar, NLIU Bhopal, RGNLU Patiala, RMLNLU Lucknow and NUSRL Ranchi and NLUJA Assam.

NLSIU Bengaluru has the highest fees.

NLUs are government institutions.

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Questions related to CLAT

Yes, after completing a B.Sc. degree from any recognized university, you are eligible to apply for the Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) for admission to various National Law Universities (NLUs) in India for their integrated LLB programs. You can also pursue a traditional LLB program (3-year) from any university that offers it, provided you meet their specific eligibility criteria. It's important to check the individual university's or college's eligibility requirements for their LLB program.

I hope this answers your question.

Hello aspirant,

Hope you are doing great.

As per your question, NO you are not eligible to give CLAT exam this year. Because the eligibility criteria for the CLAT exam provides that, you need to complete your 12th grade and during the filling of application form for the CLAT, you need to put your marks, and without completing 12th you cannot get your marks.

Hope this helps!

I hope you are doing well.

Congratulations on achieving such scores in CLAT. With your performance and considering the cutoff from previous years, it's evident that you stand a strong chance of securing admission to ICFAI, Hyderabad based on your CLAT marks.

Please refer this link for college prediction:

https://law.careers360.com/clat-college-predictor

Yes,With a rank of 1916 in the NRI sponsored category for CLAT 2024, your chances of admission to a National Law University depend on various factors such as seat availability and cutoff ranks. But still you have a chance of getting admission in the college in my point of view.

Hope this helps you,

https://www.google.com/amp/s/law.careers360.com/exams/clat/amp

There are a large number of students who appear for CLAT each year. CLAT cut off usually ranges between 70-80 for OBC. However, in previous years CLAT cut off for OBC and SC/ST used to be 80-85. Also, these may vary from year to year and college to college for all categories of students.

Hope this helps,

Popular CLAT Questions

111111 2 =___________

123456654321

12345654321

125 toffees cost Rs. 75, Find the cost of one million toffees if there is a discount of 40% on the selling price for this quantity.

Rs.3,00,000

Rs. 3,20,000

Rs.4,00,000

14. Find the present value (in Rs.) of Rs.3000 due after 5 years at 10% p.a. simple interest.

24. Raju took a loan at 8% per annum simple interest for a period of 5 years. At the end of five years he paid Rs.10640 to clear his loan. How much loan did he take?

'A' carelessly left an iron pole across a public road 300 m from that spot was a traffic signal indicating speed limit to be 20 kmph. B, riding a scooter at 80 kmph, noticed the protrusion from a distance, but still could not avoid it, collided with the pole and was injured. In an action by B against A.

B will lose as he was driving very fast

B will lose for some other reasons

B will succeed, because A was careless

B will succeed, because A could have avoided the mishap by putting up a warning

'A' was having a get together with his old friends and on his friend's suggestions, he consumed some alcohol. On his way back to home at night, 'A' heard some footsteps and turning back, he imagined he saw a figure moving towards him with a spear. In fact, it was only a man, 'B' with an umbrella, who was telling 'A' to walk carefully since 'A' appeared to be unsteady. However, 'A' proceeded to attack 'B' with an iron rod leading to grave injuries to 'B'. Is 'A' guilty of causing grievous hurt to 'B'?

No, 'A' is not guilty because in his intoxicated state, the umbrella appeared a spear to him and he exercised his right of private defence.

No, 'A' is not guilty because 'B' could have attacked 'A' with his umbrella

No, 'A' is not guilty because he was intoxicated on the suggestions of his friends and was incapable of knowing that he was savagely attacking a man, who was carrying only an umbrella

Yes, 'A' is guilty because he got intoxicated voluntarily and under the effect of this voluntary intoxication, he attacked and caused grievous injuries to 'B' who posed no threat to him in fart

'A"s cattle was being regularly stolen and 'A' was unable to apprehend the thief. One night, 'A' finally manages to catch 'B' untying his cow from the cowshed under the cover of darkness. 'A' slowly crept up to 'B' and slashed his neck with a sickle leading to the death of 'B' Is 'A' guilty of the offence of culpable homicide?

No, 'A' was only exercising his right of private defence of property

No, 'B' continued stealing of his cattle would have rendered his business inoperable

Yes, 'A' had no reasonable apprehension that 'A' could suffer any grievous hurt if he did not kill 'B'

Yes, 'A' should have first challenged 'B' to surrender before taking any steps to cause 'B's death

A, a 15 year old girl, having been rebuked by her mother leaves her house. At railway station she met the accused who takes her to his house. He provides her clothes, money and ornaments at his house and has sexual intercourse with the girl with her consent. What offence has been committed?

The mother is accused of maltreatment.

The accused is guilty of rape.  

The accused is not guilty.

None of the above.

A, a 15 year old girl, left her mother’s house and joined the accused because her mother has turned down the proposal of her marriage with the accused on the ground that she was too young. While she was with the accused he had sexual intercourse with her against her will. What offence has been committed?

A, a chain snatcher, forcibly pulled the ear rings from the ears of an old lady. Both the ear lobes were torn and the old lady suffered pain and suffering for over three weeks. For what offence can A be prosecuted? What offence have been committed?

He is guilty of theft.

A is guilty of voluntarily causing ‘grievous hurt’.

He is guilty of rash and negligent.

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A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

Underwriter

An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

Finance Executive

Operations manager.

Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

Bank Probationary Officer (PO)

Investment director.

An investment director is a person who helps corporations and individuals manage their finances. They can help them develop a strategy to achieve their goals, including paying off debts and investing in the future. In addition, he or she can help individuals make informed decisions.

Welding Engineer

Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues. 

Transportation Planner

A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

An expert in plumbing is aware of building regulations and safety standards and works to make sure these standards are upheld. Testing pipes for leakage using air pressure and other gauges, and also the ability to construct new pipe systems by cutting, fitting, measuring and threading pipes are some of the other more involved aspects of plumbing. Individuals in the plumber career path are self-employed or work for a small business employing less than ten people, though some might find working for larger entities or the government more desirable.

Construction Manager

Individuals who opt for a career as construction managers have a senior-level management role offered in construction firms. Responsibilities in the construction management career path are assigning tasks to workers, inspecting their work, and coordinating with other professionals including architects, subcontractors, and building services engineers.

Urban Planner

Urban Planning careers revolve around the idea of developing a plan to use the land optimally, without affecting the environment. Urban planning jobs are offered to those candidates who are skilled in making the right use of land to distribute the growing population, to create various communities. 

Urban planning careers come with the opportunity to make changes to the existing cities and towns. They identify various community needs and make short and long-term plans accordingly.

Highway Engineer

Highway Engineer Job Description:  A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.

Environmental Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems. 

Naval Architect

A Naval Architect is a professional who designs, produces and repairs safe and sea-worthy surfaces or underwater structures. A Naval Architect stays involved in creating and designing ships, ferries, submarines and yachts with implementation of various principles such as gravity, ideal hull form, buoyancy and stability. 

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

Veterinary Doctor

Pathologist.

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Speech Therapist

Gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth. 

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

Hospital Administrator

The hospital Administrator is in charge of organising and supervising the daily operations of medical services and facilities. This organising includes managing of organisation’s staff and its members in service, budgets, service reports, departmental reporting and taking reminders of patient care and services.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Videographer

Multimedia specialist.

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. 

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article. 

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Linguistic meaning is related to language or Linguistics which is the study of languages. A career as a linguistic meaning, a profession that is based on the scientific study of language, and it's a very broad field with many specialities. Famous linguists work in academia, researching and teaching different areas of language, such as phonetics (sounds), syntax (word order) and semantics (meaning). 

Other researchers focus on specialities like computational linguistics, which seeks to better match human and computer language capacities, or applied linguistics, which is concerned with improving language education. Still, others work as language experts for the government, advertising companies, dictionary publishers and various other private enterprises. Some might work from home as freelance linguists. Philologist, phonologist, and dialectician are some of Linguist synonym. Linguists can study French , German , Italian . 

Public Relation Executive

Travel journalist.

The career of a travel journalist is full of passion, excitement and responsibility. Journalism as a career could be challenging at times, but if you're someone who has been genuinely enthusiastic about all this, then it is the best decision for you. Travel journalism jobs are all about insightful, artfully written, informative narratives designed to cover the travel industry. Travel Journalist is someone who explores, gathers and presents information as a news article.

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

Merchandiser.

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans. 

Metallurgical Engineer

A metallurgical engineer is a professional who studies and produces materials that bring power to our world. He or she extracts metals from ores and rocks and transforms them into alloys, high-purity metals and other materials used in developing infrastructure, transportation and healthcare equipment. 

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems. 

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party. 

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

ITSM Manager

Information security manager.

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

Business Intelligence Developer

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integrated llm phd in india

integrated llm phd in india

NUSRL, Ranchi - Admission to LLM-PhD, JSD and PhD Courses

National University of Study and Research in Law, Ranchi invites Applications from interested students for following Programs:

  • Integrated JSD Program [Three-Year Program]
  • Integrated LLM-PhD Program [Four-Year Program]
  • PhD Program [Two-Year Program]

Important Dates:

Application Process:

  • Applicants should download the Application form from the University Website or may collect the same from the University in person.
  • Duly filled-in Applications must reach the office of the Registrar, National University of Study and Research in Law, Ranchi, BIT Polytechnic Campus, BIT Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand - 835217 latest by 4 pm on September 22, 2012 (Saturday).
  • All Applications must be attached with a Bank Draft of Rs. 2500/- as Application Fee. (The Draft of any Bank must be payable to Registrar, NUSRL, Ranchi and Payable at Ranchi, Jharkhand).
  • Applications shall be rejected under following circumstances:
  • If it is submitted without the requisite fee. (Bank Draft Only)
  • Incomplete Applications.
  • False Information, and
  • Applications received beyond the due date.
  • The Hall Tickets for appearing in the Entrance Test shall be sent on the Address for Correspondence mentioned by students in their Application Forms.
  • The Entrance Test shall be held at NUSRL, Ranchi on the due date.

Integrated JSD Program: This is a Three-Year Integrated Program in which the Students shall be awarded the Doctor of Juridical Sciences on the successful completion of the Program.

Eligibility: Bachelor of Law (LLB) from a recognized University with a minimum of 55% in aggregate or an equivalent grade point in the qualifying examination.

LLM-PhD Program: This is a Four-Year Integrated Program in which the Students shall be awarded an LLM at the completion of Two-Year and the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) on the successful completion of the Program.

PhD Program: It is two-year (Four Semesters) Research Program which is completely residential. The Students shall be awarded the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) on the successful completion of the Program.

Eligibility: LLM or Post Graduation in the concerned discipline or subject, from an Indian or foreign University, having at least 55% in aggregate or equivalent grade in the qualifying examination.

Important Information for the Applicants:

  • All research programs are completely residential.
  • The students should apply only in the Application Form prescribed by the University.
  • The names of shortlisted candidates for final Admission shall be displayed on University website.
  • Students who have been awarded UGC-JRF and UGC-NET in the relevant subject shall have to directly appear for Group Discussion and Interview on the due date. However, they shall have to apply in the prescribed application form and pay the Application Fee as mentioned in the Application Form. Accordingly, they must complete the Application formalities.

Contact: National University of Study and Research in Law, Ranchi Polytechnic Campus, BIT Mesra, Ranchi - 835215 (Jharkhand) Phone: 0651- 2275250, 2275168, 6570860 Fax: 0651-2275028 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Website: www.nusrlranchi.com

Download Application Form

Law College Events and News

Integrated Law Course in India- Benefits, Eligibility, and Admission

Integrated Law Courses

Updated July 14, 2022

An integrated law course is a combination of two degrees that focuses on the study of graduation along with the in-depth study of law & legislature. It is one of the most sought after law degree options. Curriculum is designed to sharpen the competitive edge of the candidates to stand out in the competitive world. And, through the course, students inculcate various skills and experiences in themselves.

Integrated law course a five-year program that spreads over 10 semesters. Also, there are different combinations of integrated law courses available in the colleges and universities in India that aspirants can choose from, including BA LLB, BBA LLB, B.Com LLB, LLM PhD, to name a few.

This five-year program provides ample opportunities for the students to participate in different activities that will enhance the overall academic exposure and make you profession-ready. These integrated law courses open doors for various career avenues in legal field .

Avenues include Management Accountant, Solicitor, lawyer, lecturer or researcher, Attorney, deputy legal advisor, Banking Ombudsmen, Company Secretary, to mention a few. The aspirants can enroll to integrated law courses by fulfilling very basic eligibility.

What is Integrated Law Course?

An integrated law course offers two conventional degrees, one of law and the second from the Arts, Commerce, or Science stream. An integrated law course will allow you to obtain a traditional L.L.B degree, as well as a graduation diploma, all within the umbrella of a single academic program.

The two courses are combined, and the syllabus is designed accordingly, which is why it’s called an “Integrated course.” For instance, B.A.L.L.B covers subjects from the humanities field like sociology, economics, history, and more, in addition to the fundamental law subjects such as Torts, Contract, Company Law, Environmental Law, and so on.

Eligibility to Integrated Law Course

The minimum eligibility for admission to various integrated law courses is:

1.) Candidates require a minimum of 50% aggregate marks in class 12th or equivalent from a recognized board from any stream in case of unreserved candidates.

(2) And, in case of SC/ST candidates, a minimum 45% aggregate marks in class 12 th or equivalent is required from a recognized institute, from any stream.

(3) The students would have to clear the cut off with the suitable rank in the national level entrance exam such as CLAT, LSAT, LET, to mention a few.

Duration of Integrated Law Course

Integrated law courses are professional and full-fledged curriculum which require essential eligibility criteria to get admission. These are 5 years long undergraduate level integrated courses that spread in ten semesters.

List of Integrated Law Courses

There are numerous law courses in India that offers a promising career to the aspirants. Some of them are-

Integrated Law Courses after 12th

(1) ba llb integrated course-.

It is one of the most popular and all-around degree amongst the integrated law courses in India. The aspirants make to admit in the course right after their 10+2 or intermediate education. The course comprises subjects like psychology, sociology, economics, history, English, Contract Law, Environmental Law, International Law, Human Rights Law, Law of Tortes, Jurisprudence, and Constitutional Law, to name a few.

Young law graduates prefer this very course because it can be obtained with certain essential qualifications-

(a) Aspirants must have successfully completed Senior Secondary degree with not less than 50% (45% in case of ST/SC candidates) from a recoginsed institutes with any of Arts, Commerce, and Science stream.

(b) Aspirants would have to qualify national level Entrance exam like CLAT to take admission in the reputed colleges and universities. Depending upon their ranking in the Entrance Exam, the applicants are allotted seat in the respective colleges.

Advantage of Taking BA LLB Degree

The most significant advantage of this course is that it helps widen the Understanding of the Law.  When the Law is taught in integration with other significant subjects, the candidates are better positioned for a solid and adequate understanding of Law and society. This enables professionals to have the dual benefit of studying both the realm of Arts and the field of Law.

The BA LLB integrated law course covers an array of topics, so the scope of a professional grows with a B.A.LLB graduates. They can be a Management Accountant, Human Resources Manager, an assistant, a legal advisor, and many more. Moreover, a B.A.LLB graduates could pursue a career at an organization like the UN (United Nations) and choose to be in close collaboration with notable NGOs as a legal research advisor.

(2) B.Com LL.B. Programme

B.Com LLB (Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Legislative Law) has been the subject of increasing interest for students looking to take integrated law courses. B. Com LLB is an integrated program where students learn business and law. The broad outline of the course comprises topics in commerce such as Accounting, Business Studies, Taxation, Economics, and law-related subjects, including IPR, Environmental Law, Law of Torts, Company Law, Legal Writing, and many more.

To be admitted to this course, you must have an excellent academic score with not less than 50 percent (45 percent for ST/SC applicants) from a recognized institution. Based on the national admissions exam results, candidates are allocated colleges that offer the specific course. The most popular test prospective students sit for is the CLAT examination.

Advantages of Pursuing B.Com LL.B Program  

In the program, students learn about commerce and law principles that allow them to better understand the corporate dynamic. Students’ career advancement opportunities include working for law firms specializing in corporate law in different capacities such as legal advocate, advisor, and solicitor.

Alongside these opportunities, they can work for public sector undertakings and government-run organizations. They could also become part of the academia as lecturers or instructors. They may also be able to shoe into the possibility of starting their own law firms since they are well-versed in areas related to commerce and business.

(3) B.B.A. LL.B Integrated Course:

Bachelor of Business Administration and Bachelor of Legislative Law programme deals with Business Administration subjects and Law subjects under a single academic curriculum. This integrated law course is a minimum of 5 years long and maximum being stretched up to 8 years.

Since the program is an integrated course, it comprises Business subjects such as Financial Accounting, Management Principles, Professional and effective communication, etc. and imperative law subjects such as Administrative law, Company law, Family Law, Civil Law, to mention a few.

The aspirants prefer this integrated law course since it is a valuable combo and does not require a vast qualification. Some essential eligibility criteria to take admission in the program are-

(a) A candidate who has successfully completed his Higher Secondary Education from a recognized institute with any stream like arts, commerce and science can obtained this degree.

(b) The candidates are required to have obtained atleast 50% in their intermediate examination (40% for the SC/ST/PwD candidates).

(c) Aspirants would have to qualify national level Entrance exam like CLAT, LSAT India, and other specific entrances to take admission in the reputed colleges and universities. Depending upon their ranking in the Entrance Exam, the applicants are allotted seat in the respective colleges.

Advantage of Pursuing BBA LL.B Course

The course is beneficial for those candidates who are interested in both management as well as law subjects. Usually, BBA LL.B graduates opt for specialization in one of the following law subjects, namely, Criminal law, Business law, corporate law, and Company law, to build their decent career.

The integrated law program will provide opportunities for a career in various fields like administration, management planning, banking industry, and many more, and also in the legal sector. The most sought-after skill in different professional and business firms is a legal advisor who is sound and adept in business management.

On the professional front, aspirants can shoe from the numerous available job options like Deputy Legal Advisor, Government Attorney, Management Accountant, Banking Ombudsmen, Company Secretary, Trademark and copyright attorney, etc.

(4) BLS LL.B. Integrated Course:

BLS LLB is a 5-year long undergraduate level integrated law course that aspirants can pursue right after successfully completing the intermediate or 10+2 examination. This BLS LLB course stands for Bachelor of Legal Science and Bachelor of Legislative Law, providing two degrees in a single curriculum.

Most of the BLS LLB course subjects are similar to the BA LLB and BBA LLB courses. However, the only significant difference in these courses is that the candidates are taught everything from the legal point of view right from the beginning of the course. Also, it trains the candidate as a lawyer right from the beginning.

The first two years of the BLS LLB course are considered to be “Pre-Law” course wherein the aspirants are taught subjects such as Economics, History, Legal Language, Political Science, English, and many more. As the course lasts for five years, in the remaining part of the course, students are taught law subjects full-fledged like Contracts, constitutions, Family law, Labour Laws, and so forth.

The candidates who are wishing to enroll in the BLS LLB course would have to fulfill the certain eligibility criteria that are-

(a) The aspirants would have to successfully complete their intermediate or higher secondary education with any stream from a recognized board.

(b) The candidates must obtain minimum marks of 50% aggregate marks which may differ from college to college. There is a 5% relaxation for the students belonging to reserved categories like SC/ST/PwD.

(c) If required, the candidates would have to qualify for entrance exams with suitable rank to get a seat in the college. There are various entrance exams at the central and state levels, and some institutions conduct their own entrance exams. The most common entrance exams include CLAT, MHCET Law, AP LAWCET, and TS LAWCET.

Advantages of Pursuing BLS LLB Programme

Students can apply for the BLS LLB integrated programme immediately after completing their 10+2 examination. This program has a distinct advantage over the traditional three-year LLB program, where only graduates are qualified. Students receive dual degree BLS and LLB degrees after successfully completing 10 semesters or five years.

Moreover, the students can take other PG courses or even apply for employment after getting a BLS degree. Students’ career advancement opportunities in the law field include legal advocate, lawyer, advisor, teacher or lecturer and solicitor.

(5) B.Tech LLB Integrated Course

ars long. As its name suggests, the program comprises two courses Bachelor of Technology & Bachelor of Legislative Law, under the umbrella of one academic curriculum. It is one of the popular undergraduate programs in India. The course may deal with a specific branch of engineering, for instance– B.Tech. (Civil Engineering) & LL.B., B.Tech. (Construction Technology) & LL.B, and many more.

The programme’s primary focus is to provide desired skills and experience that brings the most out of them. In the course, candidates are taught engineering subjects for the first three years, followed by law subjects.

The eligibility criteria and modus operandi of securing admission to the same course are the same for BBA LL.B and any other integrated law course. To get admission to the course, candidates have to fulfill the essential eligibility criteria-

(a) The candidates must have successfully completed their higher secondary education from a recognized institute. Also, the applicant must be from the science stream (Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics).

(b) The applicants must have obtained a minimum of 55% marks aggregate in class 12th from a recognized board.

(c) Exams like CLAT, LSAT India, and other college specific entrances are also required to have been cleared with a suitable rank in addition to the minimum eligibility criterion of class 12th score.

Advantages of Pursuing B.Tech LL.B Course 

Like other integrated law course, B.Tech LL.B also opens a range of avenues to work such as Legal analyst, software consultant, legal assistant, Lawyer, Advocate, Solicitor, Legal advisor, District and Sessions Judge, Law reporter, Public Prosecutor, and so forth.

(6) BMS LL.B. Integrated Course

This integrated law program combines two courses under one academic curriculum that provides desired skills to outperform their competitor. It is a conjunction of BMS, and LL.B. degrees, where BMS stands for Bachelor of Management Studies and LL.B stands for Bachelor of Legislative Law.

This undergraduate-level integrated course deals with core management subjects such as – HR management, entrepreneurship, finance management, marketing, communication skills, management principles, and many more. Whereas core law subjects include corporate law, family law, constitutional law, Banking Law, Law of Evidence, and many more.

The eligibility criteria of admission to this program are the same as that of other integrated law courses. The candidates must have successfully completed their senior secondary examination with a minimum of 50% marks aggregate from a recognized institute.

Advantages of Pursuing BMS LL.B Program-  

BMS LL.B. integrated law course is a five year-long undergraduate curriculum that is designed to produce a competent candidates for the numerous jobs.

(7) BBM LL.B. Integrated Course

BBM LL.B is an undergraduate level integrated law course that enables students to acquire a qualifying law degree and management knowledge and skills. As the name suggests, the programme deals with BBM and LL.B. Degrees.

While LL.B. stands for Bachelor of Legislative Law, BBM stands for a Bachelor of Business Management. The five-year integrated program is designed to build an efficient candidate to stand out in the market. This integrated law curriculum deals with management as well as law education subjects. The

The eligibility criteria and method for securing admission to the course are similar to the BA LL.B or any other integrated law course. Examinations such as CLAT, LSAT India, and other entrances to colleges are required to have been passed with a suitable rank and the eligibility criteria of the 10+2 score.

Advantages of Pursuing BBM LL.B. Course

The main aim of designing this unique integrated law course is to produce modern lawyers who are knowledgeable and skilled in the basics of management as well. It provides all essential requirements of the professional undergraduate law degree with additional management exposure that creates an advantage for them to work as lawyers in the corporate sector and public enterprises.

Moreover, the study of this course enables the aspirants to sharpen their competitive edge to work in the business sector, including the practice of business law in law courts and quasi-judicial tribunals.

(8) Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Legislative Law Course

B.Sc. LLB (Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Legislative Law) is an integrated law course that deals with science subjects such as biotechnology, chemistry, forensic, industrial physics, electronics, etc. And the imperative law subjects such as Administrative law, Corporate Law, Property Law, Family Law, Civil Law, and so forth.

The eligibility criteria and modus operandi for securing admission to the course are similar to the BA LL.B or any other integrated law course. If required, examinations such as CLAT, LSAT India, and other entrances to colleges are required to have been passed with a suitable rank and the eligibility criteria of the 10+2 score.

Advantages of Pursuing B.Sc. LL.B Course

This five-year integrated program is designed to create a competent student to stand out in the market. Bachelor of Science & Bachelor of Law candidates are well-versed in the technical aspects of scientific applications and are well suited to adjust in careers that deal with Intellectual Property laws.

After completing BSc LLB, some of the popular employment areas are District and Sessions Judge, Notary, Law reporter, Science Reporter, Legal Advisor, Attorney, and many more.

Integrated Law Courses after LLB

(1) llm phd integrated course.

LLM PhD is a dual degree programme that provides post-graduate degrees and doctoral degrees. The course LL.M. PhD stands for Masters of Legislative Law and Doctor of Philosophy. It is one of the best ways to develop the right amount of knowledge in the law field. 

There are numerous specializations from which a student can choose, such as taxation, corporate law, civil law, international business law, patent law, human rights law, and labour law.

Candidates must have completed LL.B. from a recognized college/university/institute to enrol in the course. LL.M. PhD is a four-year integrated law course that helps students understand the country’s advanced legal systems. After completing this program, one may even enter the world of academic and/or research work!

Top Colleges for Integrated Law Courses in India-

Top colleges for Integrated Law Courses are listed here. The willing candidates can take admission in the respective colleges after fulfilling the minimum essential qualifications-

(i) Jaganath University, Jaipur, Rajasthan (ii) Mody University, Sikar, Rajasthan (iii) Seacom Skills University, Birbhum, West Bengal (iv) Sai Nath University, Ranchi Jharkhand

(v) Amritsar Group of Colleges (vi) Jharkhand Rai University, Ranchi, Jharkhand (vii) IFHE- Faculty of Law (ICFAI Law School), Hyderabad, Telangana (viii) Amity University, Gurgaon, Haryana

FAQs on Integrated Law Programme

Ans- Integrated Law course is combination of two programmes. One of them is law course and the other ranging from Arts to Science stream. This course is widely accepted by the youngster as it provides essential skills and knowledge with promising career.

Ans- It is not possible to justify any one as best integrated course. Students can choose among the several best integrated law courses according to their interest and career prospects. There are several options of integrated law courses that provide essential skills and knowledge including BA LLB, BBA LLB, BSc LLB, B.Tech LLB, and many more.

Ans- Aspirants seeking admission to the course at the undergraduate level must have completed their intermediate or higher secondary examination with any stream from a recognized university or board. Apart from that aspirants will also have to qualify the entrance exam of the respective colleges or national level entrance exam. 

Ans- LLB integrated is a 5 year UG in Law that provides dual degrees under one curriculum. For instances, BA LLB is an integrated law course that comprises the subjects of the Arts stream along with Law subjects. However, LLB is solely the study of the law and the most closely related subjects. The benefit of LLB integrated course is, aspirants saves one year.

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India takes the local track in its AI race

While the US and China lead the AI race in terms of investment and innovation, India is carving out its niche, focusing on areas where it can make a significant impact. (Image: Pixabay)

  • At the intersection of GenAI and India's vast linguistic landscape, homegrown startups are looking at localised innovations

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is no longer just a buzzword but a reality that's increasingly powering the world around us—from the smartphones in our pockets to the digital assistants in our homes, the cars we drive, and even the planes we fly. Over the past 7-8 years, this transformative technology has found a robust foothold in India, propelling enterprises to new heights of efficiency, innovation, and insight. 

AI's integration into the enterprise sector in India has matured significantly, becoming a cornerstone for businesses seeking to enhance product efficiency, streamline supply chains, and reduce time-to-market.

Recent research underscores the growing adoption of AI within the Indian enterprise landscape. A study conducted by Morning Consult, commissioned by IBM, found that approximately 59% of enterprise-scale organizations in India actively incorporate AI in their operations. Moreover, the IBM Global AI Adoption Index 2023 reveals that early adopters have not only embraced AI but are also doubling down on their investments, especially in areas crucial for future growth, such as research and development and workforce reskilling.

The AI discussed here encompasses what's known as classical, traditional, or discriminative AI, in contrast to the emerging wave of generative AI (GenAI) introduced by OpenAI, notably through its development of ChatGPT. 

In just two months of its release in December 2022, ChatGPT had garnered more than 100 million users. Today, OpenAI is valued at over $100 billion and has around 180.5 million users.

For perspective, the internet took 10 years to get to 500 million users, while mobile phones took six years. ChatGPT may take only three years to get to 500 million users, which would indicate its arrival as a mainstream technology.

A major reason for this is that while traditional machine-learning, an AI technique, was largely limited to observing and classifying patterns in content with the help of predictive models, GenAI models rely on self-supervised learning (deep-learning, which again is akin to machine learning) to pre-train on humungous amounts of data, and not only analyze data but also create new designs and propose ways to improve upon existing ones.

The result: we have many so-called ‘Big Daddy’ tech AI models today that include large language models (LLMs), large multimodal models (LMMs), and small language models (SLMs)—OpenAI's GPT-4 and Sora, Google's Gemini, Meta's LLaMa, Anthropic's Claude-3, and Elon Musk's Grok, to mention a few.

India's venture into the GenAI domain is both ambitious and fraught with challenges, notably due to its rich linguistic diversity. With over 400 languages, the need for India-specific large language models (LLMs) is paramount. This necessity has become a focal point for local innovators, from tech giants to startups, all aiming to transform conversational AI by shifting from rule-based chatbots to LLM-based models. 

However, the journey is complex, marred by high computing costs and a scarcity of comprehensive Indian datasets. Despite these obstacles, there's a concerted effort within the Indian tech ecosystem to surmount these challenges, harnessing GenAI for both commercial success and public good.

India is home to 113 unicorns across sectors with a combined valuation of more than $350 billion. But it has just two AI unicorns—Fractal Anaytics, and Ola Electric founder Bhavish Aggarwal's Krutrim, which is developing an India-based LLM and so is technically a GenAI unicorn.

Companies like Krutrim and Tech Mahindra say they are building local LLMs from scratch. Sarvam AI has said it will work with Indian enterprises to co-build domain-specific AI models on their data. It also hopes to use GenAI atop India Stack (Aadhaar, UPI, Account Aggregator, etc.) "specifically for public-good applications". 

Bangalore-based AI and Robotics Technology Park (ARTPARK) and the Indian Institute of Science are partnering with Google India to launch an LLM called Project Vaani. CoRover has BharatGPT, while the Bharat GPT programme (involving seven IITs, two IIITs, and healthcare firm Vizzhy) is building the Hanooman series. 

India's AI ambitions are set against a backdrop of global competition and cooperation. While the US and China lead the AI race in terms of investment and innovation, India is carving out its niche, focusing on areas where it can make a significant impact. The Indian government's allocation of approximately $1.1 billion towards its AI policy signifies a strong commitment to nurturing an AI ecosystem that can propel the nation forward.

These ambitions are well-timed, given that an estimated 40% of enterprise applications will have incorporated GenAI by the end of 2024, according to Gartner. The main drivers of this adoption in India include the accessibility of AI tools, the need to reduce costs and automate, and the integration of AI into readily available business applications.

AI's trajectory in India mirrors a global trend towards deeper, more integrated technological innovation. Yet, it also highlights a path uniquely tailored to India's strengths and challenges.

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AI + Machine Learning , Announcements , Azure AI , Azure AI Content Safety , Azure AI Studio , Azure OpenAI Service , Security

Announcing new tools in Azure AI to help you build more secure and trustworthy generative AI applications

By Sarah Bird Chief Product Officer of Responsible AI, Microsoft

Posted on March 28, 2024 6 min read

  • Tag: Generative AI

In the rapidly evolving landscape of generative AI, business leaders are trying to strike the right balance between innovation and risk management. Prompt injection attacks have emerged as a significant challenge, where malicious actors try to manipulate an AI system into doing something outside its intended purpose, such as producing harmful content or exfiltrating confidential data. In addition to mitigating these security risks, organizations are also concerned about quality and reliability. They want to ensure that their AI systems are not generating errors or adding information that isn’t substantiated in the application’s data sources, which can erode user trust. 

To help customers meet these AI quality and safety challenges, we’re announcing new tools now available or coming soon to Azure AI Studio for generative AI app developers: 

  • Prompt Shields to detect and block prompt injection attacks, including a new model for identifying indirect prompt attacks before they impact your model, coming soon and now available in preview in Azure AI Content Safety. 
  • Groundedness detection to detect “hallucinations” in model outputs, coming soon. 
  • Safety system messages to steer your model’s behavior toward safe, responsible outputs, coming soon.
  • Safety evaluations to assess an application’s vulnerability to jailbreak attacks and to generating content risks, now available in preview.  
  • Risk and safety monitoring to understand what model inputs, outputs, and end users are triggering content filters to inform mitigations, coming soon, and now available in preview in Azure OpenAI Service.

With these additions, Azure AI continues to provide our customers with innovative technologies to safeguard their applications across the generative AI lifecycle.

Safeguard your LLMs against prompt injection attacks with Prompt Shields 

A colorful illustration of red and blue cubes floating through a purple computer screen.

Prompt injection attacks, both direct attacks, known as jailbreaks, and indirect attacks, are emerging as significant threats to foundation model safety and security. Successful attacks that bypass an AI system’s safety mitigations can have severe consequences, such as personally identifiable information (PII) and intellectual property (IP) leakage. 

A colorful illustration of red and blue cubes floating towards a purple computer screen. The red cubes are blocked by a shield in front of the computer screen.

To combat these threats, Microsoft has introduced Prompt Shields to detect suspicious inputs in real time and block them before they reach the foundation model. This proactive approach safeguards the integrity of large language model (LLM) systems and user interactions.

A colorful illustration depicting a user sending a red prompt that says “do anything now” towards a blue computer screen. The prompt is blocked by a blue shield.

Prompt Shield for Jailbreak Attacks: Jailbreak, direct prompt attacks, or user prompt injection attacks, refer to users manipulating prompts to inject harmful inputs into LLMs to distort actions and outputs. An example of a jailbreak command is a ‘DAN’ (Do Anything Now) attack, which can trick the LLM into inappropriate content generation or ignoring system-imposed restrictions. Our Prompt Shield for jailbreak attacks, released this past November as ‘jailbreak risk detection’, detects these attacks by analyzing prompts for malicious instructions and blocks their execution.

A colorful illustration of red and blue cubes floating from a yellow folder of files towards a blue rectangular screen. The red cubes are blocked by a blue shield.

Prompt Shield for Indirect Attacks: Indirect prompt injection attacks, although not as well-known as jailbreak attacks, present a unique challenge and threat. In these covert attacks, hackers aim to manipulate AI systems indirectly by altering input data, such as websites, emails, or uploaded documents. This allows hackers to trick the foundation model into performing unauthorized actions without directly tampering with the prompt or LLM. The consequences of which can lead to account takeover, defamatory or harassing content, and other malicious actions. To combat this, we’re introducing a Prompt Shield for indirect attacks, designed to detect and block these hidden attacks to support the security and integrity of your generative AI applications. 

Identify LLM Hallucinations with Groundedness detection

A colorful illustration of a blue computer screen filled with lines of blue text and one squiggly line of red text, with a yellow alert symbol above it. Behind the computer screen are two blue databases with an arrow pointing to the computer screen.

‘Hallucinations’ in generative AI refer to instances when a model confidently generates outputs that misalign with common sense or lack grounding data. This issue can manifest in different ways, ranging from minor inaccuracies to starkly false outputs. Identifying hallucinations is crucial for enhancing the quality and trustworthiness of generative AI systems. Today, Microsoft is announcing Groundedness detection, a new feature designed to identify text-based hallucinations. This feature detects ‘ungrounded material’ in text to support the quality of LLM outputs. 

Steer your application with an effective safety system message

In addition to adding safety systems like Azure AI Content Safety , prompt engineering is one of the most powerful and popular ways to improve the reliability of a generative AI system. Today, Azure AI enables users to ground foundation models on trusted data sources and build system messages that guide the optimal use of that grounding data and overall behavior (do this, not that). At Microsoft, we have found that even small changes to a system message can have a significant impact on an application’s quality and safety. To help customers build effective system messages, we’ll soon provide safety system message templates directly in the Azure AI Studio and Azure OpenAI Service playgrounds by default. Developed by Microsoft Research to mitigate harmful content generation and misuse, these templates can help developers start building high-quality applications in less time. 

Evaluate your LLM application for risks and safety 

A colorful illustration of a blue screen with three bar charts, each with text descriptions beneath them. One bar chart is highlighted and shows two short bars in a blue color and one tall bar in a red color.

How do you know if your application and mitigations are working as intended? Today, many organizations lack the resources to stress test their generative AI applications so they can confidently progress from prototype to production. First, it can be challenging to build a high-quality test dataset that reflects a range of new and emerging risks, such as jailbreak attacks. Even with quality data, evaluations can be a complex and manual process, and development teams may find it difficult to interpret the results to inform effective mitigations. 

Azure AI Studio provides robust, automated evaluations to help organizations systematically assess and improve their generative AI applications before deploying to production. While we currently support pre-built quality evaluation metrics such as groundedness, relevance, and fluency, today we’re announcing automated evaluations for new risk and safety metrics. These safety evaluations measure an application’s susceptibility to jailbreak attempts and to producing violent, sexual, self-harm-related, and hateful and unfair content. They also provide natural language explanations for evaluation results to help inform appropriate mitigations. Developers can evaluate an application using their own test dataset or simply generate a high-quality test dataset using adversarial prompt templates developed by Microsoft Research. With this capability, Azure AI Studio can also help augment and accelerate manual red-teaming efforts by enabling red teams to generate and automate adversarial prompts at scale. 

Monitor your Azure OpenAI Service deployments for risks and safety in production 

A colorful illustration of a blue computer screen with different kinds of charts in a dashboard. A blue line graph is highlighted, with a peak on the y-axis in red.

Monitoring generative AI models in production is an essential part of the AI lifecycle. Today we are pleased to announce risk and safety monitoring in Azure OpenAI Service. Now, developers can visualize the volume, severity, and category of user inputs and model outputs that were blocked by their Azure OpenAI Service content filters and blocklists over time. In addition to content-level monitoring and insights, we are introducing reporting for potential abuse at the user level. Now, enterprise customers have greater visibility into trends where end-users continuously send risky or harmful requests to an Azure OpenAI Service model. If content from a user is flagged as harmful by a customer’s pre-configured content filters or blocklists, the service will use contextual signals to determine whether the user’s behavior qualifies as abuse of the AI system. With these new monitoring capabilities, organizations can better-understand trends in application and user behavior and apply those insights to adjust content filter configurations, blocklists, and overall application design. 

Confidently scale the next generation of safe, responsible AI applications

Generative AI can be a force multiplier for every department, company, and industry. Azure AI customers are using this technology to operate more efficiently , improve customer experience , and build new pathways for innovation and growth . At the same time, foundation models introduce new challenges for security and safety that require novel mitigations and continuous learning. 

Invest in App Innovation to Stay Ahead of the Curve

At Microsoft, whether we are working on traditional machine learning or cutting-edge AI technologies, we ground our research, policy, and engineering efforts in our AI principles . We’ve built our Azure AI portfolio to help developers embed critical responsible AI practices directly into the AI development lifecycle. In this way, Azure AI provides a consistent, scalable platform for responsible innovation for our first-party copilots and for the thousands of customers building their own game-changing solutions with Azure AI. We’re excited to continue collaborating with customers and partners on novel ways to mitigate, evaluate, and monitor risks and help every organization realize their goals with generative AI with confidence. 

Learn more about today’s announcements  

  • Get started in Azure AI Studio .
  • Prompt Shields
  • Groundedness detection
  • Safety evaluations
  • Risk and safety monitoring

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A delicate touch: teaching robots to handle the unknown

William Xie, a first-year PhD student in computer science, is teaching a robot to reason how gently it should grasp previously unknown objects by using large language models (LLMs). 

DeliGrasp , Xie's project, is an intriguing step beyond the custom, piecemeal solutions currently used to avoid pinching or crushing novel objects. 

In addition, Deligrasp helps the robot translate what it can 'touch' into meaningful information for people. 

"William has gotten some neat results by leveraging common sense information from large language models. For example, the robot can estimate and explain the ripeness of various fruits after touching them." Said his advisor, Professor Nikolaus Correll . 

Let's learn more about DeliGrasp, Xie's journey to robotics, and his plans for the conference Japan and beyond. 

How would you describe this research? 

As humans, we’re able to quickly intuit how exactly we need to pick up a variety of objects, including delicate produce or unwieldy, heavy objects. We’re informed by the visual appearance of an object, what prior knowledge we may have about it, and most importantly, how it feels to the touch when we initially grasp it. 

Robots don’t have this all-encompassing intuition though, and they don’t have end-effectors (grippers/hands) as effective as human hands. So solutions are piecemeal: the community has researched “hands” across the spectrum of mechanical construction, sensing capabilities (tactile, force, vibration, velocity), material (soft, rigid, hybrid, woven, etc…). And then the corresponding machine learning models and/or control methods to enable “appropriately forceful” gripping are bespoke for each of these architectures.

Embedded in LLMs, which are trained on an internet’s worth of data, is common sense physical-reasoning that crudely approximates a human’s (as the saying goes: “all models are wrong, some are useful”). We use the LLM-estimated mass and friction to simplify the grasp controller and deploy it on a two-finger gripper, a prevalent and relatively simple architecture. Key to the controller working is the force feedback sensed by the gripper as it grasps an object, and knowing at what force threshold to stop—the LLM-estimated values directly determine this threshold for any arbitrary object, and our initial results are quite promising.

How did you get inspired to pursue this research?

I wouldn’t say that I was inspired to pursue this specific project. I think, like a lot of robotics research, I had been working away at a big problem for a while, and stumbled into a solution for a much smaller problem. My goal since I arrived here has been to research techniques for assistive robots and devices that restore agency for the elderly and/or mobility-impaired in their everyday lives. I’m particularly interested in shopping (but eventually generalist) robots—one problem we found is that it is really hard to determine, let alone pick ripe fruits and produce with a typical robot gripper and just a camera. In early February, I took a day to try out picking up variably sized objects via hand-tuning our MAGPIE gripper’s force sensing (an affordable, open-source gripper developed by the Correll Lab). It worked well; I let ChatGPT calibrate the gripper which worked even better, and it evolved very quickly into DeliGrasp.

What would you say is one of your most interesting findings so far?

LLMs do a reasonable job of estimating an arbitrary object’s mass (friction, not as well) from just a text description. This isn’t in the paper, but when paired with a picture, they can extend this reasoning for oddballs—gigantic paper airplanes, or miniature (plastic) fruits and vegetables.

With our grasping method, we can sense the contact forces on the gripper as it closes around an object—this is a really good measure of ripeness, it turns out. We can then further employ LLMs to reason about these contact forces to pick out ripe fruit and vegetables!

What does the day-to-day of this research look like?

Leading up to submission, I was running experiments on the robot and picking up different objects with different strategies pretty much every day. A little repetitive, but also exciting. Prior to that, and now that I’m trying to improve the project for the next conference, I spend most of my time reading papers, thinking/coming up with ideas, and setting up small, one-off experiments to try out those ideas.

How did you come to study at CU Boulder? 

For a few years, I’ve known that I really wanted to build robots that could directly, immediately help my loved ones and community. I had a very positive first research experience in my last year of undergrad and learned what it felt like to have true personal agency in pursuing work that I cared about. At the same time I knew I’d be relocating to Boulder after graduation. I was very fortunate that Nikolaus accepted me and let me keep pursuing this goal of mine.

It’d be unfathomable if I could keep doing this research in academia or industry, though of course that would be ideal. But I’m biased toward academia, particularly teaching. I’ve been teaching high school robotics for 5 years now, and now teaching/mentoring undergrads at CU—each day is as fulfilling as the first. I have great mentors across the robotics faculty and senior PhD students we work in ECES 111, a giant, well-equipped space that 3 robotics labs share, and it’s great for collaboration and brainstorming. 

What are your hopes for this international conference (and what conference is it?)

The venue is a workshop at the 2024 International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA 2024), happening in Yokohama, Japan from May 13-17. The name of the workshop is a mouthful: Vision-Language Models for Navigation and Manipulation (VLMNM).

A workshop is detached from the main conference, and kind of is its own little bubble (like a big supermarket—the conference—hosting a pop-up food tasting event—the workshop). I'm really excited to meet other researchers and pick their brains. As a first-year, I’ve spent the past year reading papers from practically everyone on the workshop panel, and from their students. I’ll probably also spend half my time exploring (eating) around the Tokyo area.  

  • Graduate Student Stories
  • Nikolaus Correll

The robotic gripper holding various objects. on the left, objects are held without deforming them, while in the right, the objects are deformed

A robotic gripper holds various objects. On the left, DeliGrasp allows objects to be held without deforming them by using an LLM to reason about their physical properties and hold them with appropriate delicacy. 

William Xie

William Xie

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  27. A delicate touch: teaching robots to handle the unknown

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