globalization on culture essay

The Effect of Globalization on a World Culture Essay

Introduction, globalization and culture.

Scientific innovations and inventions have accelerated the growth of globalization. Nations can easily trade, socialize, share ideas, and assist each other in different spheres of life.

Improved international relations have enabled the movement of factors of production among nations with minimal barriers to trade. The cooperation has led to social, political, and economical globalization; although neither of the above three classifications of globalization have been fully attained, their effects can be felt in economic, political, and social spheres of life.

Critics of globalization appreciate that it has positive effect on economic wellbeing of countries. However they are quick to point out that globalization has high culture and identity loss/costs (Sheila 56). They are of the opinion that modernization has the potential of running roughshod over the world’s distinctive cultures and creates a single world which resembles a tawdry mall. This paper discuses the effect of globalization on a world culture.

Culture is the identity of people that any member adheres to. It has some defined attributes, some of them are written and others are not. The set way of operation that is governed by some cultural, communal, and societal goals assists in holding people together and creates a norm in the community.

When people trade, socialize or interact with each other in a way it has been enabled by globalization, there is the tendency that they will lose their identity and inherit a system of operation or a certain mode of conduct that is generally accepted by the community (in this instance, the word community has been used to refer to the larger global community created by globalization).

According to Tyler Cowen, modernization and cultural globalization have resulted into the growth of creativity, innovation, and invention among communities. When people interact, they tend to learn the other parties’ way of operation and the difference is likely to trigger some creative mind for the benefit of the two parties.

The above observation by Tyler Cowen can be interpolated either negatively or positively; from a positive angle, modernization has created a room for invention and innovation. On a negative note, the world is utilizing the differences it has as failing to create more differences that future generation is likely to run out of creative mind, as there will be lack of motivation in the form of current culture differences.

For example, in the 1950s, Cuban Music and Reggae was produced in Cuba with the target consumers as American Tourists who visited the country. In Cuba, the style of music was part of their tradition that the Americans loved to sing along. With diffusion of culture and more exposure, the style of music has been adopted by the Americans, and today it is played in modern clubs and bars.

Today, if a Cuban was to visit the United States, he or she was likely to feel accommodated by the structures as there are some similar attributes that he/she gets. In either French or German restaurants, a shopper is able to buy Sushi (Japanese foods consisting of cooked vinegared rice (shari) combined with other ingredients (neta)). Such a move shows how Japanese have been accommodated in both European countries (Sheila 256).

With cultural globalization, people of different cultures, ethnicities, nationalities, religions, and values find themselves in the same atmosphere where no one has the freedom to fully adhere or practice his culture. With such kind of setting, the most probable thing that can happen is people to develop a set of culture that will assist them transact business despite their differences.

The net result is a global culture; the effect and extent that global culture has gone in the world varied among nations and continents; developed countries have their culture more diffused and uniformity can be seen from their way of operation. In developing countries, there is a tendency of resistance to change the culture, but the force therein is strong. Efforts to change the culture of people are not deliberate, but they are necessitated by the prevailing condition in the world.

In contemporary business environments, organizations hire employees of different nationalities, ethnic backgrounds, cultural believes, intellectual capacity, and age. The nature and mix of employees calls for management to develop policies and management mechanisms that will gain from the differences in their human capital; to manage the diverse personnel, business leaders need to adopt international human resources management strategy (IHRM).

The policies that organizations embark on should entail policies that address diverse human resource issues; organization stands to benefit from diversity if the right management policies are set in place, but there is the risk that the differences create uniform business practice. With diffusion of cultures, management can enact some common human resource policies that cut across its diverse human capital. However, care should be exercised since chances of repellence in the event policies seem to be confronting with culture of people.

When managing human capital of different nationalities, businesses leaders should make policies that can assist in tapping their organization’s personnel’s intellectual capacity, as it grows their talents and skills. Culture is likely to affect people in different spheres, thus when companies have diverse human resources, they have to ensure that their programs are sensitive to the differences in culture and beliefs.

When working in different countries, management should never assume that the human management style adopted in the country is fully-effective and applicable to another country; they should take their time, understand what the other country’s employee value and consider best. Management gurus continue to offer insights of how culture and ethnicity of a people affect their performance in their works; they have suggested culture intelligence to assist organization handle their employees effectively regardless of their nationality.

When making business decisions, the culture and exposure that someone has is likely to affect the kind of decision that he is going to make; people who are exposed to the right materials through televisions, the internet, and print media are likely to make more informed decisions. With culture globalization, there has been exposure to different settings and information is available through the assistance of communication channels; the resultant community is an informed community that can make quality decisions for the exploitation of available resources effectively.

Differences in norms and culture among different ethnicity, nationalities, and communities has been a hindrance to effective trade, to some extent, the differences have acted as non tariff barriers that has hindered the development of trade.

When people interact and change their cultural beliefs to adopt a uniform set of beliefs, they are breaking the unseen barriers of trade and create a room for more business, ideas, equality, and economic development. For example, among the Muslims, Women had been regarded as inferior to men and they could hardly be allowed to take leadership positions.

With the interaction with Christians and getting their take on the same, there has been a wave in the community that has enabled them to seek leadership positions like men have. The above case has shown how culture globalization has created opportunities to different people and enabled women to get more opportunities. In the developed worlds, the state and position of the woman had been respected long before the same was done in developing worlds.

As the developed and developing countries trade among each other, the developing countries are getting into the system and women have started to have their positions in the communities. Gender differences has been minimized by globalization, there has been the reduction on gender differences among communities were human beings can now relate more as people not on gender grounds as the case had been when culture globalization was not adhered to.

The rights of girl child campaigns have gained roots in different countries as culture diffuses to reinforce and create awareness to the need to protect women and reduce gender differences that have prevailed among communities for a lengthy duration.

When people of different cultures interact, they develop the sense of togetherness and there are shared common interests that are developed; globalization has enabled the interaction, as well as sharing of ideas, opinions, view points and ways of doing things in a way that facilitates trade. Trade prevails better when the trading partners have some common values, attributes, and beliefs.

Culture globalization has enabled people to have the same perception and attitude towards similar products; with the similarity, peace and harmony in doing and handling issues have been developed. When there is peace and harmony, business and trade prevail effectively.

When people share culture, it means that when someone is in a geographical location different from his or hers, coping will be easy as there will be likelihood that the person will get something that is the same with what he or she beliefs.

For example, although the Chinese food is different from American food, a Chinese visiting the United States only need to establish the restaurant selling Chinese food as the nature and the diversity has been accepted by both the communities. Sales and marketers have much to benefit from globalized world, they can easily develop new formats and marketing strategies developed can be similar and message passed remains the same.

According to Benjamin Barber, one of the main challenges that have been brought about by globalization is culture borrowing and culture mimicry; with the borrowing and mimicry people have lost their sense of identity that someone can manage to treat his brother wrongly and hide under the new system of global culture.

Although culture globalization has not been fully attained, there are moves that indicate that its full operation cannot happen. In areas like religion (religion is an aspect of culture), changing people’s religious believes have been a challenge. The existence of some elements that can hardly change results to the notion of global culture being a mere statement by advocators of the integration, the situation cannot be attained.

Some industries in the globe exist because of differences in culture of people, for example, the tourism industry is much dependent on the cultural differences of people in different places. With culture diffusion, the industry is likely to suffer a huge blow.

In Kenya, the East African country whose tourism is the second earner of the foreign exchange has multicultural where the tourisms from different countries visit to enjoy and learn the diversity of the country’s population.

The move to global culture is thus likely to injure some industries while supporting others. Culture within communities is supported by generally agreed attributes that passes from one generation to another. The “nature of passing” of modern global culture is challenging as people or the global community has not set mechanisms to pass the culture, reinforce, or even punish offender.

To pass the global culture, the materials that young generation become exposed to modern methods of passing information like television, radio, the internet, peers, and written materials. When such materials have been used to pass culture, there are high chances that young generation will get reinforcement of culture which is not good. Global culture is more likely to be for the larger global community benefit, but rarely does it address issue of an individual.

With the structures and development of global culture, there cannot be said to have an effective method of culture reinforcement or a system to punish offender. This means that the culture is vulnerable to changes and hicks ups. Any small attribute or change in the global world is likely to shake the culture of the people since it’s not based on a strong foundation.

With globalization, companies can work in different parts of the world as multinationals; however they have to be sensitive to the nature of products, services, and structure of employees they deploy. Multinationals generally have three main methods to get their employees on board, they use a localization approach, expatriates approach, and a third country approach.

To maintain quality and quantity workforce, the management should ensure that they are aware of the culture of people and manage them effectively. The challenge that multinationals have is putting the notion that with culture globalization, there is uniformity, thus there is no need to have culture intelligence and culture awareness programs.

For example, Pepsi has been a major competitor in the American industry as its style is more American, however the brand has not maintained strong competitiveness in African countries since its style of marketing and sales fails to meet the needs of the continents culture. The above example shows how the notion of global culture has been mis-interpolated (Sheila 256).

Other than human resources, department maintaining qualified and efficient human capital at the most affordable cost possible, they have the role of ensuring they combine their human capital in a manner that will benefit the entire organization.

Diversity and difference in culture by itself offers an organization rich knowledge, opinions, values, and experience, with culture globalization such important attributes to business competitiveness are lost; before an organization decides to fill a certain vacancy in its system, the human resources should liaise with the departmental heads to know exactly the kind of qualification that are sort for, in some instances, the management may advice for some age gap, nationality, gender, and experience.

It is through effective recruitment that an organization can build an effective team that meets its personnel requirement needs. When enacting empowerment and motivational policies or schemes, the management should ensure that the diversity of its employees has been considered.

There are people who are generally team-players, others prefer individualism, and others are charismatic leaders. When making decision, it is important to consider the diversity. Management gurus has continually advised companies to have culture coaches when operating in a country they are not very sure of the nature and the culture of the people; with the coaches, they can develop orchestrate teams and make products that meet the requirement of customers in the country.

Diverse human resource can be biennial to an organization is managed effectively; failure to manage diversity effectively means exposure to risks. Management gurus have continued to support the use of culture intelligence and culture awareness programs to support the culture awareness within organizations; those companies that have undertaken the advice are doing better than those who have not.

Although cultural globalization has build strong operating base through which trade can prevail, it has brought some challenges to the world and the people in general. The lack of identity has resulted into sharing of values likely to dilute societal values and norms.

When the community lacks strong values that are maintained with a certain mechanism, the result is a disintegrated society were social evils are the order of the day. For example, in developed countries, one of the vises that the countries are dealing with is use of drugs and substance abuse by young people.

Although this is taken as a normal condition or social evil, psychologists have suggested that lack of strong values and low behavior standards by young people can be to blame. When the blame is further analyzed, it is seen that parents are not able to raise morally upright children as they have less regard to their cultural beliefs and practices which they consider to have been eroded by globalization.

With diffusion of cultures, there is less emphasis on family and societal values, parents and the community in general seem to ignore the need to maintain, pass and transfer culture to younger generations. When culture is not transferred, children are exposed to new global culture that might be different from the norm.

The results are the families that have low moral standards and which values are questionable. Generally, organizations require physical, human, and informational resources for their operation; business-leaders should realize that human capital is the most crucial capital their organizations have.

In a modern globalized world, organizations have diverse human capital; to manage the capital effectively, companies need to adopt international human resources management strategy. The strategy assists an organization benefit from its personnel diversity as it mitigates risks associated with a diverse workforce. With culture globalization the workforce seems to have the same ideologies an attributes that hinder creativity, innovation, and invention (Sheila 56-78).

Globalization has resulted into culture diffusion, culture sharing, and multiculturalism; the uniformity in culture facilitates trade among nations and promotes international relations and understanding.

However, multiculturalism has been blamed of dilution of people’s cultural values, norms, and virtues. Multiculturalism has also been challenged as a mere statement by business philosophers that will not be attained in the near future as family structures vary among different parts of the globe.

Sheila, Lucy. Globalization and Belonging: The Politics of Identity in a Changing World . London: Rowman & Littlefield, 2004.

• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2019, November 14). The Effect of Globalization on a World Culture. https://ivypanda.com/essays/globalization-and-culture/

"The Effect of Globalization on a World Culture." IvyPanda , 14 Nov. 2019, ivypanda.com/essays/globalization-and-culture/.

IvyPanda . (2019) 'The Effect of Globalization on a World Culture'. 14 November.

IvyPanda . 2019. "The Effect of Globalization on a World Culture." November 14, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/globalization-and-culture/.

1. IvyPanda . "The Effect of Globalization on a World Culture." November 14, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/globalization-and-culture/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "The Effect of Globalization on a World Culture." November 14, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/globalization-and-culture/.

• Cultural Diffusion: Factors and Effects
• Diffusion in Polymer Solutions
• Diffusion of innovation
• Diffusion of Innovations Theory in Education
• Cell Membrane Osmosis and Diffusion Related to Physics
• Diffusion of Innovations Theory
• Social Cognitive Theory and Diffusion of Innovations
• Android Platform and Diffusion of Innovations
• Diffusion of Innovation: Key Aspects
• Discussion about diffusion of innovation
• Clothing and Culture
• Coping With Cultural Shock and Adaptation to a New Culture
• American Cultural Imperialism in the Film Industry Is Beneficial to the Canadian Society
• Popular Culture: The Use of Phones and Texting While Driving
• Culture Jamming

Your Article Library

Cultural globalization: short essay on cultural globalization.

ADVERTISEMENTS:

Cultural Globalization: Short Essay on Cultural Globalization!

Nowadays, there is much talk and discussion about cultural globalization, i.e., a common culture is developing across the globe. To some extent, it is true despite some resistance from national culture, as both are developing side by side. Generally, the word ‘culture’ is used to mean ‘the total way of life’ to include economic, political and social norms, values and behaviour.

Globalization is seen as the intermixing of people, cultures, economies and technologies. Modem cultural globalization is a new phenomenon. It started with economic global­ization—spread of transnational corporations and global commodities, especially food and drinks items like pizza and coke, and dress material such as Levi jeans, Reebok and Nike shoes, etc.

In this way, we are all sharing in a common transna­tional form of consumption. This developing consumerism has encouraged mass common consumer culture which reflects a powerful grip on societies throughout the world. As consumerism spreads, changes are visible in lifestyles, cultural tastes, food habits, dress patterns and in modes of entertainment also.

As an example, gastroenteritis—a disease associated with eating habits—reflects the impact of globalization. The rise of eating disorder, use of more and more fast foods and irregularity in eating have contributed much to the disease of gastric disorder.

Neo-Marxist sociologists argue that the process of globalization is not only limited to consumer articles, but it is also accompanied by ideas and more generally ideologies which sustain the consumer culture. Changes even in norms and values are quite striking. Globalization encourages a growing integration and convergence of cultural relations.

The concept of cultural globalization is closely linked with economic globalization. Mike Featherstone (1990) argued that as a result of the devel­opment of financial markets, the main actors share many business and lifestyles norms and values.

As an example, he cited that there is a close relationship between leisure activities and work. Other scholars have stressed on the emergence of global patterns of consumption and consumerism, the cultivation of cosmopolitan lifestyles, and the spread of popular culture (e.g., Madonna or Michael Jackson’s latest songs) as the basis of the development of cultural globalization.

Thus, increased economic linkages led to cultural influences across countries. The key agents of globalization of culture are transnational corporations, cultural and media agencies that go beyond the nation-state.

In spreading cultural globalization, technology has played a crucial role. Technology, in reality, has shrunk the world in our palm. Revolutions in electronic communication (such as radio, TV, cinema, telephone, mobile, fax, Internet, etc.) and rapid means of transportation have produced an indelible impact on local, regional and national cultures because these means can now reach swiftly even the remotest corner of any country.

As a result, the world is slowly and slowly becoming as one place. Both the media and geographical mobility feed this perception. Giddens (1997) has called this phenomenon as ‘time-space distantiation’ meaning separation of time and space brought about by modern communication.

Problems, like floods in Thailand or Indonesia, famine in Ethiopia, tsunami in Japan and events like World Football Compe­tition or Olympics in China or England have a global dimension. Similarly, creations of international economic, political, social and other agencies like UNO, WHO, UNESCO, UNDP, IMF, World Bank, human rights organizations, and the complex interchange between world systems, have contributed to a large extent global cultural homogeneity.

Over and above, science and secularization of thought are the main factors in developing the critical and innovative character of the modern outlook and this in turn has helped in spreading cultural globalization. People no longer assume that customs or habits are acceptable merely because they have the age-old authority of tradition.

On the contrary, our ways of life have increas­ingly based on rationality. In addition to how we think, the content of ideas has also changed. Ideals of self-betterment, freedom, equality and democratic participation are largely creations of the past two or three centuries. Such ideals have served to mobilize the process of globalization of culture.

Globalization has affected cultures in two ways: Firstly, it has tried to homogenize the cultures. We can see this in dress pattern such as pent and shirt and to some extent in food recipes—pizza, Chinese noodles, etc. On the other hand, globalization has helped in the resurgence of local culture. This we can observe in the revival of traditional cultures and reforming of the identity.

Cultural globalization is also marked with some new trends in human relations. Recognition of a worldwide ecological crisis, the development of worldwide concern about health problems such as AIDS and other diseases, extension of the concept of human rights and the creation of global democratic movements are a few examples of integration that is taking place between different nation-states.

Related Articles:

• Essay on Globalization and Popular Culture
• Globalization: Short paragraph on Globalization

Globalization

No comments yet.

Leave a reply click here to cancel reply..

You must be logged in to post a comment.

Transtext(e)s Transcultures 跨文本跨文化

Journal of Global Cultural Studies

Accueil Numéros 4 Why do Cultures Change? The Chall...

Why do Cultures Change? The Challenges of Globalization

This essay explores cultural change in the context of the economic globalization currently underway. It aims at analysing the role that theoretical inventiveness and ethical value play in fashioning broader cultural representation and responsibility, and shall explore issues of cultural disunity and conflict, while assessing the influence that leading intellectuals may have in promoting a finer perception of value worldwide. The role of higher education as an asset in the defence of democracy and individual self-development shall be discussed with a view to evaluating its potential for an altered course of globalization.

Texte intégral

• 1  Ralph Waldo Emerson “Napoleon; or, the man of the world” in Joel Porte, Essays and Lectures , New Y (...)

2  Emerson, p. 731.

1 We are always in need of definitions whenever we want to explore why cultures change. We are pressed to come up with answers as to what culture might be and how the idea of culture might fit into a nutshell. The general applicability of the answer we struggle to devise invites theoretical formulas and abstraction from specific historical developments. It also, as a result, cautions us to choose fields from which to cull situations and conflicts that may help deliver the concepts we want to grasp, and invites to understand the theory of culture as shaped by how events unfold, and how society moves along. In particular, one may have in mind what the American philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson once wrote about Napoleon (our favourite dictator, to us French people) in a book he devoted to figures of historical importance ( Representative Men ): “Such a man was wanted, and such a man was born” 1 . This strikes a negative note, as does a quote from Napoleon himself that Emerson has unearthed from the vast body of memoirs the Napoleon era has handed down to us. Emerson is reported to have once declared: “My hand of iron […] was not at the extremity of my arm; it was immediately connected with my head” 2 . The remark and the quote hold a tentative definition of culture. Culture begins when sheer force is mitigated by intellect, intellect itself being shaped by a response to facts, and, we hope, as Emerson hopes, abstracted from fact by ethical imperative. On top of this, we feel Emerson’s attempt at rationality is run through by doubt: what if one might never discriminate between intellect and action? What if one might never grasp how ethics can disengage us from the cogs of history and were incapable of controlling an ongoing process that leads to disaster and apocalypse? Whenever one tries to define culture, culture breaks down into its many components: it splinters into action and responsibility, and we feel there might never be a connection between them. There lies Emerson’s historical pessimism, which it is hard to tone down.

• 3  Hubert Damisch, “A Crisis of Values, or Crisis Value ?”, in Daniel S. Hamilton (ed.), Which Values (...)

2 In recent years, a debate has been brought to the foreground, for reasons that have to do with our increasingly globalized world. Are there any values left? If such a thing as culture exists, then, there might be precise contents of an ethical sort that we want to pin down. Might not this sense of emptiness be the result of a crisis of value, as if the very idea of value had been swept away? This is what the French cultural critic Hubert Damisch thinks has happened, in a recent contribution to a volume aptly titled Which Values for our Time , published by the Gulbenkian Foundation of Lisbon. Damisch rounds up his interrogation as follows: “Crisis of values, or crisis value?” 3 The suggestion is of course that value is no longer visible on the horizon of our history to be, that the trend should be resisted, and that intellectual resistance is what we need. It is by no means new to be aware, among philosophers and cultural critics alike, that values are hard to come by. In Plato’s Republic , book seven, humankind is looking at the walls of a cave, noting the shadows dancing there, and being taught that our poor sight precludes the perception of good and evil, and the difference between them. Now that the walls of the cave have turned into television screens, one image is chased away by the next one, while our sense of global responsibility dissolves into thin air even though all the fields of human action hold perspectives of responsibility within them. Culture, like values, is a plenum and a void, a constant expectation and in the end something impossible when one looks at results and facts.

• 4  Peter Fenves, (ed.), Raising the Tone of Philosophy  ; Late Essays by Immanuel Kant, Transformative (...)

3 We should keep in mind Jacques Derrida’s anthropology of culture, and the degree to which it identifies conflict as the prime-mover within our cultural narratives. In a major contribution at a Cerisy conference in Normandy in 1980, titled “On a Newly Arisen Superior Tone in Philosophy” 4 , Jacques Derrida opposes two sets of attitudes: seeking rationality, and seeking mystery. Derrida views culture as the competition between the Aüfklarer and the mystics, and suggests there are possibilities that the two trends in cultural discourse might eventually reach some kind of truce achieved as a result of an interaction between them. No doubt he was trying to hold historical pessimism at a distance by suggesting gain might be reached in the historical development of cultures if rationality were capable of reading through the language of mysticism, and curb the influence of those he chose to call the mystagogues, in whom he saw a danger for democracy and human dignity. Cultures change, and when they do, they are pulled in opposite directions if we abide by Derrida’s critical thinking. They change to eliminate reason, even, as Derrida puts it, to emasculate it, and we must, as a result, apply pressure to preserve amity, and to uphold the values of democracy. To be sure, Derrida’s onslaught upon mystery is no onslaught upon religious values: there are many other targets we might think of in the current context of globalized liberal economies and environmental overuse, such as religious fundamentalism, terrorism, and the emergence of a global self-appointed elite, although Derrida’s inquiry was started some thirty years ago, and he never gets that precise about what should be indicted.

Disaster and Apocalypse

• 5  See in particular Making Globalization Work , New York, Norton, 2007, chapter 7, “The Multinational (...)
• 6  Richard Rorty, “Globalization, the politics of identity and Social Hope” in Philosophy and Social (...)

4 Our globalizing societies offer alternatives to an ideal world. In particular, market mechanisms and the rise of global capital have impoverished some non-European nations, while Europe has, in recent years, worked to thin the immigration flux while downsizing out of their jobs the low-skilled workers of a once predominantly industrial economy that has now turned to services. As a result, local communities have been struck, either in Europe or the United States, by being impoverished within the more glitzy context of affluence. In China as elsewhere, industrial activity has surged, while working conditions have never been worse among the former peasants driven to urban areas. Globalization may well pass for an agenda of disaster and social apocalypse, as Joseph Stiglitz has demonstrated 5 . Welfare and human rights have hardly benefited from the promise economic liberalism keeps harping on, and human development has been restricted to the rising middle-classes of China, or India, if we look at the most significant examples. Richard Rorty, meditating on social hope, has brought home the idea that globalization has been a blow to democracy. He wrote the following in an essay published in 1993: “We now have a global overclass which makes all the major economic decisions, and makes them entirely independently from the legislatures, and a fortiori of the will of the voters, of any given country” 6 . Rorty’s remark comes as an apposite reminder that there is no such thing as a world government, a fact that we all tend to overlook. The ideology of economic growth heralds human development, but delivers little in terms of the strengthening of local communities, both in rising nations as well as in Western ones. Might not this ideology form the most recent embodiment of some pseudo-thinking the mystagogues parade as rationality for us to kneel to?

5 Communities, we hear, have gone global, which means they are now glocal. The portmanteau word means more than it seems to say. On the one hand, the buzzword suggests that local communities may be strengthened by globalization; on the other, it suggests that local communities are shaped, in ways that cannot all be positive, by the advance of global liberalism. However, one of the unsought effects of glocalization may well be that cultural interference with distant or unknown communities might emerge from the pressure of global liberalism, by dissolving national, or even nationalist perspectives, and favouring international contacts. Let us be cautious in this: international interaction, in the context of globalizing economic exchange, may well be no other than buying and selling, and one more version of materialism without national values being cross-fertilized.

• 7  Jürgen Habermas, The New Conservatism: Cultural Criticism and the Historian’s debate , Cambridge, M (...)

6 Globalization cannot control the rise of a new conservatism, in spite of the surge in optimism that comes with it in some areas, if we look at the poor condition of welfare systems across developed countries and elsewhere. As Habermas has pointed out, “modernity sees itself as dependent exclusively upon itself” 7 , and utopian ideals are increasingly wiped out of the Zeitgeist. Globalization is in dire need of strengthening, not exhausting, utopian energies. If it proves incapable of effecting this, renewing utopian energies, the road down globalization may well be what one supposes it to be from recent evidence: a hurdle-race, with one winner, a few good athletes, and vast crowds of anonymous losers. Jacques Derrida has pointed out that we need peace in culture, and that peace can be achieved when the mystagogues accept to interact with rationality. Rationality however, to him, is not an empty bottle, or an instrument by which societies may solve practical questions. Rationality involves moral choice, and one may well suggest that the Habermas notion that utopian ideals have to be upheld is the best way to reorder, and refashion global liberalism. No doubt, the culture wars must go on, to stay the current backlash and its related traumas, terrorism East and West, the political violence within national borders and without, the religious fundamentalism which has found in globalization its ecotope, in Israel, in the Arab world, in the United States, and elsewhere, while environmental disasters from North to South take their toll upon communities. Cultures, as a result of globalization, change, for reasons that have to do with the innate systemic risks that globalization runs through them, risks which are supra-human, but which, for that very reason, have to be identified, deconstructed, and eliminated, although we do know that this process cannot be the work of one sole generation. Indifference as well as naïveté ought to be avoided. If, as Habermas thinks they are, utopian values are used-up, because they are targeted, then, they must be invigorated.

• 8  Emery Roe and Michel J.G. Van Eeten, “Three – Not Two – Major Environmental Counternarratives to G (...)

7 No doubt any such invigoration, if we want it to have pragmatic efficiency, we need specific measures, and precautions. Intellectual clarity can help. And meditation upon what is and what is not scientific can be an asset. It is true odium has been cast on the precautionary principle by some scholars of environmental studies. In a fairly recent issue (2004) of the M.I.T. Press quarterly Global Environmental Politics, scholars Emery Roe and Michel Van Eeten have condemned the precautionary principle in matters of environmental policy on the grounds that scientific evidence is not sufficient, calling for empirical knowledge, supposed to be an index to what is and what is not scientific 8 . Is it that globalization has reshaped the image of science in academia, making us wistful once again, and inviting us to find peace of mind in a belated version of science which is reminiscent of the nineteenth century, when science was largely considered to rely on empirical observation, whatever this might mean? Empiricism and dogmatic thinking are birds of a feather flocking together. More open intellectual attitudes are necessary to face the risks of globalization upon our environment. Doubt, in particular, may be protective, in this respect. Without it, scientific thinking can be stultified. Science cannot be independent of general interest and social respect, and requires critical detachment to shelter us from the systemic dangers inherent in its objects of inquiry and the applicability of its fundamental findings. In scientific knowledge as well, the culture wars loom large, though they tend to be overlooked. These wars may lead both ways: to cultural changes that will crush social hope, and to cultural changes that will uplift a sense of community and cooperation.

The Secularization of Value

9  Jean-Pierre Dupuy, Petite Métaphysique des Tsunamis , Paris, Seuil, 2005, p. 85.

8 The values of science, therefore, should be secularized, and scientists should avoid generating systems which hold dangers in them that might express their potential for destruction. The French philosopher and Stanford scholar Jean-Pierre Dupuy has pointed out that the atomic bombing of Japan was the result of systemic danger, in an amazing remark: “Why was the bomb ever used? Because it existed, quite simply” 9 . The implication of what he says is that science too, and what was at one point presented as an advance of the civilized mind, may lead to pragmatic consequences that reshape thinking and emasculate it, if we want to harp on the Derrida proposition that the mystagogues are able to emasculate rationality (let us pardon Derrida’s male chauvinism if we can). Human thinking involves systemic dangers, and one therefore has to rethink thinking in different terms, which has been the task of modern philosophy. Perhaps we might suggest at this point that cultural change involves the thinking of rationality in secularized terms. This means that technology may well lead us astray, tethered as it is to scientific knowledge which we tend to view as total, whereas any inquiry into the results of science tends to demonstrate that science is provisional, and that its propositions will sooner or later be refined, or redefined, and that intellectual inquiry, whatever its field, rarely comes to conclusions that will never be reworded, or revised. Knowledge is an ongoing process, and if we keep this in mind, we secularize science, instead of projecting it onto the higher plane of superior frozen truths. Science, like any other human adventure, unfolds through time, and taking this into consideration helps science respond to social needs.

9 Political scientists are struggling for secular views, as John Rawls has amply demonstrated. Behind his eulogy of democracy as a condition and an effect of economic and political liberalism, one finds an attempt to define the nature of rationality as the mainspring of social hope. It is striking, when reading John Rawls, to realize the extent to which rationality is assessed in conjunction with its effects upon social organization, which yields workable political conceptions of justice. John Rawls, in his second major opus, Political Liberalism , defines political rationality as outcome-centered, and this leads to a list of primary goods, which reads as follows:

basic rights and liberties […];

freedom of movement and free choice of occupation against a background of diverse opportunities;

powers and prerogatives of offices and positions of responsibility in the political and economic institutions of the basic structure;

income and wealth;

• 10  John Rawls, Political Liberalism , New York, Columbia University Press, 1993, p. 181. Joseph Stigli (...)

and finally, the social bases of self-respect. 10

• 11  Slavoj Zizek, “Le Tibet pris dans le rêve de l’autre”, Le Monde Diplomatique , n° 650, mai 2008, p. (...)

10 Rawls’ agenda relies on the traditions of the common-sense philosophy of the English-speaking world and the theoretical culture of pragmatism, which he found ready for use in his New-England intellectual environment. Nowhere do we find perspectives that would be disconnected from and independent from day-to-day preoccupations. Rawls wants to harness human development to democracy, to wring democracy out of economic growth, while there is an increasing belief, in this century, that our globalized economies hold a promise of democracy as an expectation which will always be contradicted by fact. Just recently, in a major contribution to the debate, the Slovenian philosopher Slavoj Zizek has pointed out that China allies a vicious use of the Asian bludgeon in Tibet with the logics of the European stock-market, and that this betrays the belief that democracy is an obstacle to economic growth. As a result of this, Zizek’s assumption is that our global culture might be brought to understand that democracy is no longer needed to back human development, which might lead global cultural change in the wrong direction 11 . Democracy has to be maintained as a horizon of belief, and as the sole teleology worthy of respect. Rawls helps us understand that teleology should be one version of practicality, though we tend to think that any political teleology is an empty promise. His contribution to political philosophy views rationality not just as a belated version of theology, but as a tool that may help deliver collective results, following in the footsteps of American intellectual traditions which assess value in terms of their pragmatic consequences rather than in terms of otherworldly conceptual exploration.

• 12  Samuel Huntington, “Foreword” in Lawrence E. Harrison & Samuel Huntington (eds.), Culture Matters: (...)

11 What if, beyond this sound conception of political values, and the organic laws that go to frame them, human culture was unresponsive, thus precluding cultural change, and sustainable development? It is this situation that Samuel Huntington examines, leaving little room for hope, suggesting that cultures cannot change, or will change slowly or with difficulty, on the grounds that society will not change and that there is no connection between assumptions, beliefs, and the economic and political opportunities that the modern liberal state offers if we are willing to grasp them. Huntington’s dream is to get rid of cultural obstacles to economic development, while it is yet unclear whether there is any strong belief in the virtues of democracy in what he has to say. Huntington’s answer does not intend to demonstrate that it is democracy which has to be left out of his global picture. In his case, if progress is not fast enough, it is because those cultures which resist progress as seen from Massachusetts are obstacles which one must remove, but Huntington is no clear analyst of how culture and democracy might hinge. “[…] We define culture, Huntington writes, in purely subjective terms as the values, attitudes, beliefs, orientations, and underlying assumptions prevalent among people in a society” 12 . His vision of culture has left one notion unmentioned: what about solidarity, the cornerstone of Richard Rorty’s vision of social hope? It may well be that this is one value that the modern liberal state has eroded, and that solidarity is a basic asset to those communities forming the lesser developed countries of Africa, Latin America and parts of the Asian world, where welfare is weak, and institutionalized education poorly developed, where, for political reasons, states are not ready to reach out to populations and areas left to their own resources and inventiveness in terms of welfare. Huntington’s discourse, as a result, is a perfect illustration of the New Conservatism that Habermas has targeted. Modernity, in Huntington’s world-view, is seen as totally dependent on itself. Beliefs, in particular, are taken to task, in Huntington’s definition of culture. What if beliefs were an adequate instrument of the progress Huntington has in mind, one notion which is empty enough, and which Huntington parades to conceal his conservative views? Inherited ideas and attitudes are more of a survival-kit than an obstacle to social cohesiveness. One hardly knows, when reading Huntington, whether progress, the norm of his perspective, is one serious academic case of mystagogic thinking, or whether it may have practical applicability. It is arguable that progress, with Samuel Huntington, is an abstract notion.

13  Lucian W. Pye, “’Asian Values’: from dynamos to dominoes?”, Culture Matters , p. 249 .  

• 14  On this consider Françoise Lemoine, L’Economie de la Chine , Paris, La Découverte, 2006, esp. pp. 6 (...)

12 Asian culture turns out to be an epistemological obstacle to many political scientists. Once considered incapable of generating economic growth, Asian values are seen as an asset in the ongoing economic race, with growth rates that belittle Europe and the United States alike in some quarters of the Asian world. Can one blame economic stagnation on them yesterday, and now say that some basic values of Asian cultures are the leverage of change helping those so-called miracle economies make some headway? There may well be an emphasis on hard work in Chinese culture, but one cannot see how this is specifically Chinese, or American, or British. Lucian Pye, one prominent M.I.T. scholar in Chinese studies, has suggested that Taoism and the belief in good fortune, supposed to be specific to Chinese culture (although I am aware this might be challenged), has produced outgoing dynamic character in the Chinese people, which makes them ready to grasp any opportunity likely to turn to their advantage. Pye’s view of Chinese culture may easily be taken to task, as he implies that Chinese culture leaves no room for introspection. This is most probably a typical misconception such as New-England protestant culture wants to bring home. Lucian Pye, in particular, writes the following when considering the reasons for China’s rapid expansion: “This stress of the role of fortune makes for an outward-looking and highly reality-oriented approach to life, not an introspective one” 13 . This is, we guess, one academic version of prejudice insisting that the Chinese have no soul, and no interest for an inner life. Economists, on the other hand, go for a more mundane vision of China’s development, insisting on the capacity to attract foreign investors 14 . This is also quite true of many other rising Asian economies besides China.

13 However, these observations lead us to want to extend our definition of culture. Culture is not just simply a cluster of beliefs and attitudes outside the realm of economic and political development. Culture is probably much more than beliefs and attitudes. It encompasses what we might call material culture, in the sense that attitudes matter in economic development, which is no big news, if we refer to Max Weber’s understanding of the ethic of capitalism, shaped as it is by the sense of insecurity that goes with the necessity to devise for oneself advancement in this world, the better to advance in the next one, or the higher or more sophisticated one in the rich oriental spiritual heritage. No wonder then that Derrida should suggest that between rationality and mystery, there is one connection to be established. And, in Derrida’s view of how rationality and mystery interact, one finds an abiding agreement occurring, and this is of course desirable to establish peace in what he calls culture, which to him is more of a socially encompassing substance than a mere individual determinant of behaviour.

15  Pye, “’Asian Values’: from dynamos to dominoes?”, p. 250.

16  Pye, p. 250.

14 Lucian Pye is interesting as an analyst of Chinese social development, not for what certainties he may have in store for us, but for the scepticism which his propositions will cause in most areas of the academic world, and across disciplines. Examining the reasons for China’s economic advance, he writes that “[...] the driving force in Chinese capitalism has always been to find out who needs what and to satisfy that market need” 15 . One might meditate for quite a while to determine whether markets are out there for anyone to grab, or whether one should shape markets, create needs, and respond to one’s ambition to grow by being inventive. Nevertheless, Lucian Pye views Chinese economy as a simplistic answer to world needs, and the capacity to adapt to them, whereas the West is seen as technology-driven, and culturally more sophisticated: “Western firms seek to improve their products, strengthen their organizational structures, and work hard to achieve name recognition” 16 . We wonder whether Chinese firms have not always tried to do precisely this, which can only be generalized with a vast highly educated workforce, which China is trying to obtain by adequate investment in higher education. This path is promising, from what we can judge when considering our Chinese students in our higher learning European institutions.

Cultural Change and Universities

17  Habermas, The New Conservatism , p. 104.

18  Jacques Derrida, L’Université sans condition , Paris, Galilée, 2001, p. 16.

19  See “The Idea of the University”, The New Conservatism , pp. 100-127.

15 If therefore, cultures change, not just private cultures, but also public ones, as we increasingly suspect cultures to be collective assets, university education has a major role to play in this process. We, as academics, either experienced or aspiring ones, must address the issue of what a university education ought to be like. So far in this discussion, we have acknowledged that academics should avoid voicing social prejudice, and this has not always been accomplished, to say the least. Jacques Derrida has meditated extensively on this, with a view to promoting the role education might play in defending the values of democracy, no doubt because Derrida’s understanding of the effects of academic training is combined with the idea of a political education for youth. This may be easily understood when one looks at the moral paralysis of the German university system and its many graduates embracing Nazism and providing the Nazi regime with its most destructive propagandists and functionaries. However, Habermas is clear on this point. German universities cannot be blamed for what befell. Habermas, in particular, points out that the number of students was halved during Nazism in Germany, dropping from 121 000 in 1933 to below 60 000 right before the Second World War 17 . One reason why this happened, although Derrida is not explicit on this point, is that universities tend to over-specialize knowledge. This has caused the decline of humanistic study. Habermas offers similar views, though they are cast in a more sociological mould. To Derrida, higher education should be critical of whatever rationality wants to assess. He calls this “the university without conditions”, which to him involves an ambitious agenda thus defined: “the primal right to say anything, be it in the name of fiction and of knowledge as experiment, and the right to speak publicly, and to publish this” 18 . Habermas offers a more accurate version of what ought to be done, and has been insufficiently accomplished so far: integrating humanistic study and technical expertise to curb the specialization of knowledge 19 .

20  Derrida, L’Université sans condition , p. 69.

16 This may sound vague enough, and we wonder where it might lead, because one doubts whether knowledge, in various disciplines, might efficiently refrain from becoming specialized. This is why Derrida comes up with more practical propositions as to the contents and orientations of higher education in the book he published in 2001, L’Université sans condition . There are seven such propositions, all having to do with what one might call the architecture of knowledge, all answering the need to redefine humanistic study, which should come alongside more specialized training, either in established scholarly disciplines, or the training of students towards professions outside the academic world. The new humanities should, according to Derrida, deal with what he calls “the history of man”, which calls us to devote more attention than has so far been devoted to human rights, be they for men or women. To him, these rights are “legal performatives” 20 , which sounds otherworldly owing to the weight of abstraction in the phrase. However, this might basically mean that these rights are to be upheld because they can be applied to the various fields of human activity. Furthermore we must bear in mind that these so-called “legal performatives” are performatives because they hold within them an applicability that may be constantly expanded, in practical terms, to various areas of cultural practice, among which of course science and business, two areas of higher education that are growing to meet the social needs of human development.

17 The idea of democracy comes second in Derrida’s architecture of the new humanities. It comes second for reasons of clarity in the presentation of the programme he has in mind. Yet the idea of democracy is not a second-thought, because it runs, let us be reminded, through all his oeuvre as a philosopher. Let us note that democracy, as far as what Derrida has to say about it, is not tethered to nationhood. Nationhood is dangerous, and one may easily understand this in the light of European history, and also of Asia. From this, we can easily infer that cultural change in the future should not rely on national traditions, and that, in this respect, globalization offers opportunities for positive cross-fertilization. Derrida’s meditation on this hinges on the concept of sovereignty. While sovereignty is a desirable goal for each and every one of us; the idea is viewed as misleading, as it has often been a concept without practical consequences, while we may still hope that sovereignty will remain a horizon of belief for individuals, and a value that will guide collective decisions. Yet, if Derrida invites us to abide by this concept (sovereignty), he also believes that any collective formalization of the idea of sovereignty should avoid reliance on the nation-state, which may too easily lead to a betrayal of individual dignity.

21  Derrida, p. 72.

18 Derrida then focuses on the necessity to recuperate the authority of teaching, and of literature, whose proposals cannot be easily understood. One suspects, when reading Derrida’s proposals, that teaching as well as literature have to do with amity, a concept that emerges from Derrida’s body of works. This is not a norm, neither is it prescriptive, nor can it be strictly defined as a doctrine or a set of mandatory rules. We gather this is to be understood as an opening to otherness on the part of the teacher, and a eulogy of respect for the other person, which involves inventiveness and the by-passing of any sort of regulation that defines the other person in some way or other that might lead to a position of authority of a colonial or exploitative nature. It certainly is an attitude of respect, which elbows aside the very notion of authority, “routs it”, as Derrida says 21 . Universities, therefore, should constitute an idea that transcends any specialized discourse on the technicalities of education; it consists in letting the other reach out for his or her potential towards self-development. The institutional strength of higher education springs, in Derrida’s view of it, from the interaction of the person who teaches and the one being taught, to live to the full his or her aspirations. Derrida’s ideal is so elevated that it transcends any definition one might come up with. It certainly is a call to confront the normative nature of higher education in order to recuperate a lost sense of human warmth that has been eliminated by the technocratic complexities of institutions seeking intellectual identity in the measurement of student skills and their willingness to comply to them. One also cannot rule out that a backlash has been underway in higher education itself owing to the rising number of first-generation graduates from the less educated groups of our national cultures. This has been more of an opportunity for universities to fulfil their cultural mission from the sixties onwards than a serious obstacle to the growth of higher education, and one can argue that Derrida was balking away from the pessimistic discourse one hears in most academic circles today – ill-grounded as it is on the relative accessibility to higher education.

• 22  On this, consider Daniel Parrochia, La Forme des crises : logique et épistémologie , Seyssel, Champ (...)

19 The challenges that higher education has to face, in the context of an ever-increasing cross-fertilization of cultures, points to one underlying question that surfaces from an examination of current economic and social trends. Is what we call culture tethered to social and economic factors? The question is by no means new, and was handed down to us by the industrial revolutions of the nineteenth century, and by Marxist theory. We now tend to believe that culture is one mode of collective representation that one may disengage from submission to social and economic facts. On this point, the French sociologist Emile Durkheim referred to real structures , that he saw as disconnected from institutions or working facts . 22 There is still much thought to be devoted to whether the degree of autonomy of culture as collective representation involves radical or relative autonomy from economic factors. We are also hard pressed to determine whether, in this framework of analytical thinking, autonomy is or is not hampered by the necessities of those real structures and the institutions that shape them, and even perhaps discreetly justify them. Hence, Stiglitz’s view that one must respond to a democratic deficit, and Derrida’s view that one must face the serious issue of a democratic deficit in higher education. The question is not benign, and it calls forth an autonomy of the mind to bend social realities and economic factors to purposes that do not derive from them.

1  Ralph Waldo Emerson “Napoleon; or, the man of the world” in Joel Porte, Essays and Lectures , New York, The Library of America, 1983, p. 731.

3  Hubert Damisch, “A Crisis of Values, or Crisis Value ?”, in Daniel S. Hamilton (ed.), Which Values for our Time, Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, Center for Transatlantic Relations, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007, p. 57.

4  Peter Fenves, (ed.), Raising the Tone of Philosophy  ; Late Essays by Immanuel Kant, Transformative Critique by Jacques Derrida , Baltimore and London, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993, pp. 117-171; French edition : « D’un ton apocalyptique adopté naguère en philosophie » in Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe et Jean-Luc Nancy (ed.), Les Fins de l’Homme: à partir du travail de Jacques Derrida , Paris, Galilée, 1981, pp. 445-479.

5  See in particular Making Globalization Work , New York, Norton, 2007, chapter 7, “The Multinational Corporation”.

6  Richard Rorty, “Globalization, the politics of identity and Social Hope” in Philosophy and Social Hope , London, Penguin, 1999, p. 233.

7  Jürgen Habermas, The New Conservatism: Cultural Criticism and the Historian’s debate , Cambridge, Mass., The M.I.T. Press, (1989) 1997, p. 48.

8  Emery Roe and Michel J.G. Van Eeten, “Three – Not Two – Major Environmental Counternarratives to Globalization”, Global Environmental Politics , 4:4, November 2004; see in particular pp. 36-39.

10  John Rawls, Political Liberalism , New York, Columbia University Press, 1993, p. 181. Joseph Stiglitz follows suits with a set of more technical criteria in Making Globalization Work; s ee the section“Responding to the Democratic Deficit”, pp. 280-285.

11  Slavoj Zizek, “Le Tibet pris dans le rêve de l’autre”, Le Monde Diplomatique , n° 650, mai 2008, p. 32.

12  Samuel Huntington, “Foreword” in Lawrence E. Harrison & Samuel Huntington (eds.), Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress , New York, Basic Books, 2000, XV.

14  On this consider Françoise Lemoine, L’Economie de la Chine , Paris, La Découverte, 2006, esp. pp. 67-68.

22  On this, consider Daniel Parrochia, La Forme des crises : logique et épistémologie , Seyssel, Champ Vallon, 2008, esp. pp. 104-128.

Pour citer cet article

Référence papier.

Alain Suberchicot , « Why do Cultures Change? The Challenges of Globalization » ,  Transtext(e)s Transcultures 跨文本跨文化 , 4 | 2008, 5-17.

Référence électronique

Alain Suberchicot , « Why do Cultures Change? The Challenges of Globalization » ,  Transtext(e)s Transcultures 跨文本跨文化 [En ligne], 4 | 2008, mis en ligne le 20 septembre 2009 , consulté le 01 avril 2024 . URL  : http://journals.openedition.org/transtexts/237 ; DOI  : https://doi.org/10.4000/transtexts.237

Alain Suberchicot

Professor , American Studies, University of Lyon (Jean-Moulin)

Droits d’auteur

Le texte et les autres éléments (illustrations, fichiers annexes importés), sont « Tous droits réservés », sauf mention contraire.

Numéros en texte intégral

• 17 | 2022 Im/mobilités cinématographiques et planétarités contemporaines
• 16 | 2021 La liberté académique en contexte global : défis et perspectives
• 15 | 2020 Censure et productions culturelles postcoloniales
• 14 | 2019 Re-thinking Latin America: Challenges and Possibilities
• 13 | 2018 Représentations de la nature à l'âge de l'anthropocène
• 12 | 2017 The Other’s Imagined Diseases. Transcultural Representations of Health
• 11 | 2016 Le genre de la maladie : pratiques, discours, textes et représentations
• 10 | 2015 Manger, Représenter: Approches transculturelles des pratiques alimentaires
• 9 | 2014 Géopolitique de la connaissance et transferts culturels
• 8 | 2013 Genre et filiation : pratiques et représentations
• 7 | 2012 Transcultural Identity and Circulation of Imaginaries
• 6 | 2011 Debating China
• 5 | 2009
• 4 | 2008 Cultures in Transit
• Hors série | 2008 Poésie et insularité
• 3 | 2007 Global Cities
• 2 | 2007
• 1 | 2006

Tous les numéros

• Présentation
• Comité de rédaction
• Instructions for Authors

Informations

• Politiques de publication

Suivez-nous

Lettres d’information

• La Lettre d’OpenEdition

Affiliations/partenaires

ISSN électronique 2105-2549

Voir la notice dans le catalogue OpenEdition  

Plan du site  – Crédits  – Flux de syndication

Politique de confidentialité  – Gestion des cookies  – Signaler un problème

Nous adhérons à OpenEdition  – Édité avec Lodel  – Accès réservé

Vous allez être redirigé vers OpenEdition Search

Globalization pp 213–223 Cite as

Globalization and Culture

• Joachim Betz 3 &
• Wolfgang Hein 4  
• First Online: 06 June 2023

180 Accesses

You cannot reduce globalization merely to an increased economic exchange between countries or to technological cooperation, it also has a significant political-social and thus interactive—cultural component. Now there is a cultural connection and exchange worldwide or even just regionally much longer than the recently renewed increased economic networking or the formation of organizations of global governance. Just think of the importance of classical (Greek-Roman) literature, philosophy and art for all of Europe (and beyond) up to modern times, the connection of values, beliefs and traditions created by the Christian churches throughout the Christian world—and other world religions elsewhere—and the international exchange of ideas between scientists inside and outside of universities and academies long before the increase in cross-border trade and financial transactions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution .

Buying options

• Available as PDF
• Read on any device
• Instant download
• Own it forever
• Available as EPUB and PDF
• Compact, lightweight edition
• Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
• Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Barber, Benjamin R. (2007) Jihad vs. McWorld. How Globalism and Tribalism are Reshaping the World. New York

Google Scholar  

Breidenbach, Joana und Ina Zukrigl (2002) Widersprüche der kulturellen Globalisierung: Strategien und Praktiken, Aus Politik un Zeitgeschichte B12/2002; 19–25.

Brock, Ditmar (2008) Globalisierung. Wirtschaft, Politik, Kultur, Gesellschaft, Wiesbaden.

Clark, Justin, Robert Faris, Ryan Morrison-Westphal, Helmi Noman, Casey Tilton, Jonathan Zittrain. 2017. The Shifting Landscape of Global Internet Censorship. Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society Research Publication.

Deloitte (2021) The Future of the Creative Economy. A report by Deloitte.

Freedom House (2021) Freedom on the Net 2021. The Global Drive to Control Big Tech, Washington, D.C.

Hafez, Kai (2005) Mythos Globalisierung. Warum die Medien nicht grenzenlos sind, Wiesbaden.

Huntington, Samuel (1996) The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of the World Order, New York.

Norris, Pippa und Ronald Inglehart (2009) Cosmopolitan Communications. Cultural Diversity in a Globalized World, Cambridge usw.

OECD (2022) The Culture Fix. Creative People, Places and Industries, Paris.

Pearse, Meic (2004) Why the Rest Hates the West: Understanding the Roots of Global Rage, Lanham, RD.

Pieterse, Jan Nederveeen (2009) Globalization and Culture. Global Mélange, Lanham.

Pieterse, Jan Nedderveen (2013) Globalization as Hybridization, in: Keri E. Lyall Smith (ed.) Sociology of Globalization, New York; 65–94.

Reporters without borders (2022) World Press Freedom Index: a new era of polarization.

Ritzer, George (2006 4 ) Die McDonaldisierung der Gesellschaft, Konstanz.

Robertson, Roland (2001) Globalization Theory 2000+: Major Problematics, in: George Ritzer und Barry Smart (Hrsg.) Handbook of Social Theory, SAGE, 458–471.

Steger, Manfred (2013) Globalization of culture, Ms.

Tomlinson, John (1999) Globalisation and Culture, Polity: Cambridge.

Tomlinson, John (2003) The Agenda of Globalisation, New Formations, 50, 10–21.

Tomlinson, John (2012) Cultural Globalization, in: George Ritzer (Hrsg.) The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Globalization, vol 1; 363–371.

UNCTAD (2018) Creative Economy Outlook. Trends in international trade in creative industries 2002–2015. Country Profiles 2005–2014, New York.

UNDP (2004) Human Development Report 2004. Cultural liberty in today’s diverse world, New York.

UNESCO (2000) Culture, Trade and Globalization. Questions and Answers, Paris.

UNESCO (2016) The Globalisation of Cultural Trade: A Shift in Consumption, Montreal.

UNESCO (2022) Re/Shaping Policies for Creativity. Addressing culture as a global public good, Paris.

Download references

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

GIGA Institut für Asien-Studien, Hamburg, Germany

Joachim Betz

GIGA Institut für Lateinamerika-Studien, Hamburg, Germany

Wolfgang Hein

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Joachim Betz or Wolfgang Hein .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Cite this chapter.

Betz, J., Hein, W. (2023). Globalization and Culture. In: Globalization. Springer, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-41717-8_13

Download citation

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-41717-8_13

Published : 06 June 2023

Publisher Name : Springer, Wiesbaden

Print ISBN : 978-3-658-41716-1

Online ISBN : 978-3-658-41717-8

eBook Packages : Political Science and International Studies Political Science and International Studies (R0)

Share this chapter

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

• Publish with us

Policies and ethics

• Find a journal
• Track your research

• Share full article

Advertisement

Supported by

David Brooks

Globalization Is Over. The Global Culture Wars Have Begun.

By David Brooks

Opinion Columnist

I’m from a fortunate generation. I can remember a time — about a quarter-century ago — when the world seemed to be coming together. The great Cold War contest between communism and capitalism appeared to be over. Democracy was still spreading. Nations were becoming more economically interdependent. The internet seemed ready to foster worldwide communications. It seemed as if there would be a global convergence around a set of universal values — freedom, equality, personal dignity, pluralism, human rights.

We called this process of convergence globalization. It was, first of all, an economic and a technological process — about growing trade and investment between nations and the spread of technologies that put, say, Wikipedia instantly at our fingertips. But globalization was also a political, social and moral process.

In the 1990s, the British sociologist Anthony Giddens argued that globalization is “a shift in our very life circumstances. It is the way we now live.” It involved “the intensification of worldwide social relations.” Globalization was about the integration of worldviews, products, ideas and culture.

This fit in with an academic theory that had been floating around called Modernization Theory. The idea was that as nations developed, they would become more like us in the West — the ones who had already modernized.

In the wider public conversation, it was sometimes assumed that nations all around the world would admire the success of the Western democracies and seek to imitate us. It was sometimes assumed that as people “modernized,” they would become more bourgeois, consumerist, peaceful — just like us. It was sometimes assumed that as societies modernized, they’d become more secular, just as in Europe and parts of the United States. They’d be more driven by the desire to make money than to conquer others. They’d be more driven by the desire to settle down into suburban homes than by the fanatical ideologies or the sort of hunger for prestige and conquest that had doomed humanity to centuries of war.

This was an optimistic vision of how history would evolve, a vision of progress and convergence. Unfortunately, this vision does not describe the world we live in today. The world is not converging anymore; it’s diverging. The process of globalization has slowed and, in some cases, even kicked into reverse. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine highlights these trends. While Ukraine’s brave fight against authoritarian aggression is an inspiration in the West, much of the world remains unmoved, even sympathetic to Vladimir Putin.

The Economist reports that between 2008 and 2019, world trade, relative to global G.D.P., fell by about five percentage points. There has been a slew of new tariffs and other barriers to trade. Immigration flows have slowed. Global flows of long-term investment fell by half between 2016 and 2019. The causes of this deglobalization are broad and deep. The 2008 financial crisis delegitimized global capitalism for many people. China has apparently demonstrated that mercantilism can be an effective economic strategy. All manner of antiglobalization movements have arisen: those of the Brexiteers, xenophobic nationalists, Trumpian populists, the antiglobalist left.

There’s just a lot more global conflict than there was in that brief holiday from history in the ’90s. Trade, travel and even communication across political blocs have become more morally, politically and economically fraught. Hundreds of companies have withdrawn from Russia as the West partly decouples from Putin’s war machine. Many Western consumers don’t want trade with China because of accusations of forced labor and genocide. Many Western C.E.O.s are rethinking their operations in China as the regime gets more hostile to the West and as supply chains are threatened by political uncertainty. In 2014 the United States barred the Chinese tech company Huawei from bidding on government contracts. Joe Biden has strengthened “Buy American” rules so that the U.S. government buys more stuff domestically.

The world economy seems to be gradually decoupling into, for starters, a Western zone and a Chinese zone. Foreign direct investment flows between China and America were nearly $30 billion per year five years ago. Now they are down to $5 billion.

As John Micklethwait and Adrian Wooldridge wrote in a superb essay for Bloomberg, “geopolitics is definitively moving against globalization — toward a world dominated by two or three great trading blocs.” This broader context, and especially the invasion of Ukraine, “is burying most of the basic assumptions that have underlain business thinking about the world for the past 40 years.”

Sure, globalization as flows of trade will continue. But globalization as the driving logic of world affairs — that seems to be over. Economic rivalries have now merged with political, moral and other rivalries into one global contest for dominance. Globalization has been replaced by something that looks a lot like global culture war.

Looking back, we probably put too much emphasis on the power of material forces like economics and technology to drive human events and bring us all together. This is not the first time this has happened. In the early 20th century, Norman Angell wrote a now notorious book called “The Great Illusion” that argued that the industrialized nations of his time were too economically interdependent to go to war with one another. Instead, two world wars followed.

The fact is that human behavior is often driven by forces much deeper than economic and political self-interest, at least as Western rationalists typically understand these things. It’s these deeper motivations that are driving events right now — and they are sending history off into wildly unpredictable directions.

First, human beings are powerfully driven by what are known as the thymotic desires. These are the needs to be seen, respected, appreciated. If you give people the impression that they are unseen, disrespected and unappreciated, they will become enraged, resentful and vengeful. They will perceive diminishment as injustice and respond with aggressive indignation.

Global politics over the past few decades functioned as a massive social inequality machine. In country after country, groups of highly educated urban elites have arisen to dominate media, universities, culture and often political power. Great swaths of people feel looked down upon and ignored. In country after country, populist leaders have arisen to exploit these resentments: Donald Trump in the United States, Narendra Modi in India, Marine Le Pen in France.

Meanwhile, authoritarians like Putin and Xi Jinping practice this politics of resentment on a global scale. They treat the collective West as the global elites and declare their open revolt against it. Putin tells humiliation stories — what the West supposedly did to Russia in the 1990s. He promises a return to Russian exceptionalism and Russian glory. Russia will reclaim its starring role in world history.

China’s leaders talk about the “century of humiliation.” They complain about the way the arrogant Westerners try to impose their values on everybody else. Though China may eventually become the world’s largest economy, Xi still talks about China as a developing nation.

Second, most people have a strong loyalty to their place and to their nation. But over the past few decades many people have felt that their places have been left behind and that their national honor has been threatened. In the heyday of globalization, multilateral organizations and global corporations seemed to be eclipsing nation-states.

In country after country, highly nationalistic movements have arisen to insist on national sovereignty and to restore national pride: Modi in India, Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Turkey, Trump in the United States, Boris Johnson in Britain. To hell with cosmopolitanism and global convergence, they say. We’re going to make our own country great again in our own way. Many globalists completely underestimated the power of nationalism to drive history.

Third, people are driven by moral longings — by their attachment to their own cultural values, by their desire to fiercely defend their values when they seem to be under assault. For the past few decades, globalization has seemed to many people to be exactly this kind of assault.

After the Cold War, Western values came to dominate the world — through our movies, music, political conversation, social media. One theory of globalization was that the world culture would converge, basically around these liberal values.

The problem is that Western values are not the world’s values. In fact, we in the West are complete cultural outliers. In his book “The WEIRDest People in the World,” Joseph Henrich amasses hundreds of pages of data to show just how unusual Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich and Democratic values are.

He writes: “We WEIRD people are highly individualistic, self-obsessed, control-oriented, nonconformist and analytical. We focus on ourselves — our attributes, accomplishments and aspirations — over our relationships and social roles.”

It’s completely possible to enjoy listening to Billie Eilish or Megan Thee Stallion and still find Western values foreign and maybe repellent. Many people around the world look at our ideas about gender roles and find them foreign or repellent. They look at (at our best) our fervent defense of L.G.B.T.Q. rights and find them off-putting. The idea that it’s up to each person to choose one’s own identity and values — that seems ridiculous to many. The idea that the purpose of education is to inculcate critical thinking skills so students can liberate themselves from the ideas they received from their parents and communities — that seems foolish to many.

With 44 percent of American high school students reporting persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness, our culture isn’t exactly the best advertisement for Western values right now.

Despite the assumptions of globalization, world culture does not seem to be converging and in some cases seems to be diverging. The economists Fernando Ferreira and Joel Waldfogel studied popular music charts in 22 countries between 1960 and 2007. They found that people are biased toward the music of their own country and that this bias has increased since the late 1990s. People don’t want to blend into a homogeneous global culture; they want to preserve their own kind.

Every few years the World Values Survey questions people from around the globe about their moral and cultural beliefs. Every few years, some of these survey results are synthesized into a map that shows how the different cultural zones stand in relation to one another. In 1996 the Protestant Europe cultural zone and the English-Speaking zone were clumped in with the other global zones. Western values were different from the values found in say, Latin America or the Confucian zone, but they were contiguous.

But the 2020 map looks different. The Protestant Europe and English-Speaking zones have drifted away from the rest of the world cultures and now jut out like some extraneous cultural peninsula.

In a summary of the surveys’ findings and insights, the World Values Survey Association noted that on issues like marriage, family, gender and sexual orientation, “there has been a growing divergence between the prevailing values in low-income countries and high-income countries.” We in the West have long been outliers; now our distance from the rest of the world is growing vast.

Finally, people are powerfully driven by a desire for order. Nothing is worse than chaos and anarchy. These cultural changes, and the often simultaneous breakdown of effective governance, can feel like social chaos, like anarchy, leading people to seek order at all costs.

We in the democratic nations of the world are lucky enough to live in societies that have rules-based orders, in which individual rights are protected and in which we get to choose our own leaders. In more and more parts of the world, though, people do not have access to this kind of order.

Just as there are signs that the world is economically and culturally diverging, there are signs it is politically diverging. In its “Freedom in the World 2022” report, Freedom House notes that the world has experienced 16 consecutive years of democratic decline. It reported last year: “The countries experiencing deterioration outnumbered those with improvements by the largest margin recorded since the negative trend began in 2006. The long democratic recession is deepening.” This is not what we thought would happen in the golden age of globalization.

In that heyday, democracies appeared stable, and authoritarian regimes appeared to be headed to the ash heap of history. Today, many democracies appear less stable than they did and many authoritarian regimes appear more stable. American democracy, for example, has slid toward polarization and dysfunction. Meanwhile, China has shown that highly centralized nations can be just as technologically advanced as the West. Modern authoritarian nations now have technologies that allow them to exercise pervasive control of their citizens in ways that were unimaginable decades ago.

Autocratic regimes are now serious economic rivals to the West. They account for 60 percent of patent applications. In 2020, the governments and businesses in these countries invested $9 trillion in things like machinery, equipment and infrastructure, while democratic nations invested $12 trillion. If things are going well, authoritarian governments can enjoy surprising popular support.

What I’m describing is a divergence on an array of fronts. As scholars Heather Berry, Mauro F. Guillén and Arun S. Hendi reported in a study of international convergence, “Over the last half century, nation-states in the global system have not evolved significantly closer (or more similar) to one another along a number of dimensions.” We in the West subscribe to a series of universal values about freedom, democracy and personal dignity. The problem is that these universal values are not universally accepted and seem to be getting less so.

Next, I’m describing a world in which divergence turns into conflict, especially as great powers compete for resources and dominance. China and Russia clearly want to establish regional zones that they dominate. Some of this is the kind of conflict that historically exists between opposing political systems, similar to what we saw during the Cold War. This is the global struggle between the forces of authoritarianism and the forces of democratization. Illiberal regimes are building closer alliances with one another. They are investing more in one another’s economies. At the other end, democratic governments are building closer alliances with one another. The walls are going up. Korea was the first major battleground of the Cold War. Ukraine could be the first battleground in what turns out to be a long struggle between diametrically opposed political systems.

But something bigger is happening today that is different from the great power struggles of the past, that is different from the Cold War. This is not just a political or an economic conflict. It’s a conflict about politics, economics, culture, status, psychology, morality and religion all at once. More specifically, it’s a rejection of Western ways of doing things by hundreds of millions of people along a wide array of fronts.

To define this conflict most generously, I’d say it’s the difference between the West’s emphasis on personal dignity and much of the rest of the world’s emphasis on communal cohesion. But that’s not all that’s going on here. What’s important is the way these longstanding and normal cultural differences are being whipped up by autocrats who want to expand their power and sow chaos in the democratic world. Authoritarian rulers now routinely weaponize cultural differences, religious tensions and status resentments to mobilize supporters, attract allies and expand their own power. This is cultural difference transmogrified by status resentment into culture war.

Some people have revived Samuel Huntington’s clash of civilizations theory to capture what’s going on. Huntington was right that ideas, psychology and values drive history as much as material interests. But these divides don’t break down on the neat civilizational lines that Huntington described.

In fact, what haunts me most is that this rejection of Western liberalism, individualism, pluralism, gender equality and all the rest is not only happening between nations but also within nations. The status resentment against Western cultural, economic and political elites that flows from the mouths of illiberal leaders like Putin and Modi and Jair Bolsonaro of Brazil sounds quite a lot like the status resentment that flows from the mouths of the Trumpian right, from the French right, from the Italian and Hungarian right.

There’s a lot of complexity here — the Trumpians obviously have no love for China — but sometimes when I look at world affairs I see a giant, global maximalist version of America’s familiar contest between Reds and Blues. In America we’ve divided along regional, educational, religious, cultural, generational and urban/rural lines, and now the world is fragmenting in ways that often seem to mimic our own. The paths various populists prefer may differ, and their nationalistic passions often conflict, but what they’re revolting against is often the same thing.

How do you win a global culture war in which differing views on secularism and gay rights parades are intertwined with nuclear weapons, global trade flows, status resentments, toxic masculinity and authoritarian power grabs? That’s the bind we find ourselves in today.

I look back over the past few decades of social thinking with understanding . I was too young to really experience the tension of the Cold War, but it must have been brutal. I understand why so many people, when the Soviet Union fell, grabbed onto a vision of the future that promised an end to existential conflict.

I look at the current situation with humility . The critiques that so many people are making about the West, and about American culture — for being too individualistic, too materialistic, too condescending — these critiques are not wrong. We have a lot of work to do if we are going to be socially strong enough to stand up to the challenges that are coming over the next several years, if we are going to persuade people in all those swing countries across Africa, Latin America and the rest of the world that they should throw their lot in with the democracies and not with the authoritarians — that our way of life is the better way of life.

And I look at the current situation with confidence . Ultimately, people want to stand out and fit in. They want to feel that their lives have dignity, that they are respected for who they are. They also want to feel membership in moral communities. Right now, many people feel disrespected by the West. They are casting their lot with authoritarian leaders who speak to their resentments and their national pride. But those leaders don’t actually recognize them. For those authoritarians — from Trump to Putin — their followers are just instruments in their own search for self-aggrandizement.

At the end of the day, only democracy and liberalism are based on respect for the dignity of each person. At the end of the day, only these systems and our worldviews offer the highest fulfillment for the drives and desires I’ve tried to describe here.

I’ve lost confidence in our ability to predict where history is headed and in the idea that as nations “modernize” they develop along some predictable line. I guess it’s time to open our minds up to the possibility that the future may be very different from anything we expected.

The Chinese seem very confident that our coalition against Putin will fall apart. Western consumers won’t be able to tolerate the economic sacrifice. Our alliances will fragment. The Chinese also seem convinced that they will bury our decadent systems before too long. These are not possibilities that can be dismissed out of hand.

But I have faith in the ideas and the moral systems that we have inherited. What we call “the West” is not an ethnic designation or an elitist country club. The heroes of Ukraine are showing that at its best, it is a moral accomplishment, and unlike its rivals, it aspires to extend dignity, human rights and self-determination to all. That’s worth reforming and working on and defending and sharing in the decades ahead.

The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips . And here’s our email: [email protected] .

Follow The New York Times Opinion section on Facebook , Twitter (@NYTopinion) and Instagram .

David Brooks has been a columnist with The Times since 2003. He is the author of “The Road to Character” and, most recently, “The Second Mountain.” @ nytdavidbrooks

25,000+ students realised their study abroad dream with us. Take the first step today

Meet top uk universities from the comfort of your home, here’s your new year gift, one app for all your, study abroad needs, start your journey, track your progress, grow with the community and so much more.

Verification Code

An OTP has been sent to your registered mobile no. Please verify

Thanks for your comment !

Our team will review it before it's shown to our readers.

• School Education /

✍️Essay on Globalisation: Samples in 100, 150 and 200 Words

• Updated on  
• Oct 25, 2023

Globalisation means the combination of economies and societies with the help of information, ideas, technology, finance, goods, services, and people. It is a process where multinational companies work on their international standing and conduct operations internationally or overseas. Over the years, Globalisation has had a profound impact on various aspects of society. Today we will be discussing what globalisation is and how it came into existence with the essay on globalisation listed below.

This Blog Includes:

How globalisation came into existence, essay on globalisation in 100 words, essay on globalisation in 150 words, essay on globalisation in 200 words.

For all those unaware, the concepts of globalisation first emerged in the 20th century. Here are some of the key events which led to the development of globalisation in today’s digital world.

• The ancient Silk Route as well as the maritime routes led to the exchange of goods, ideas and culture in several countries. Although these were just trade routes, but later became important centres for cultural exchange.
• Other than this, the European colonial expansion which took place from the 15th to the 20th century led to the setting up of global markets where both knowledge and people were transferred to several developing countries. 
• The evolution and exchange of mass media, cinema and the internet further led to the widespread dissemination of cultures and ideas.

Also Read: Essay on the Importance of the English Language for Students

Globalization, the interconnectedness of nations through trade, technology, and cultural exchange, has reshaped the world. It has enabled the free flow of goods and information, fostering economic growth and cultural diversity. However, it also raises challenges such as income inequality and cultural homogenization. 

In a globalized world, businesses expand internationally, but local industries can suffer. Moreover, while globalization promotes shared knowledge, it can erode local traditions. Striking a balance between the benefits and drawbacks of globalization is essential to ensure a more equitable and culturally diverse global community, where economies thrive without leaving anyone behind.

Also Read: Essay on Save Environment: Samples in 100, 200, 300 Words

Globalization is the process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among countries, economies, and cultures. It has transformed the world in various ways.

Economically, globalization has facilitated the flow of goods, services, and capital across borders. This has boosted economic growth and reduced poverty in many developing nations. However, it has also led to income inequality and job displacement in some regions.

Culturally, globalization has resulted in the spread of ideas, values, and cultural products worldwide. While this fosters cultural exchange and diversity, it also raises concerns about cultural homogenization.

Technologically, globalization has been driven by advances in communication and transportation. The internet and smartphones have connected people across the globe, allowing for rapid information dissemination and collaboration.

In conclusion, globalization is a complex phenomenon with both benefits and challenges. It has reshaped the world, bringing people closer together, but also highlighting the need for responsible governance and policies to address its downsides.

Also Read: Essay on Unity in Diversity in 100 to 200 Words

Globalization, a multifaceted phenomenon, has reshaped the world over the past few decades. It involves the interconnectedness of economies, cultures, and societies across the globe. In this essay, we will briefly discuss its key aspects and impacts.

Economically, globalization has led to increased international trade and investment. It has allowed companies to expand operations globally, leading to economic growth in many countries. However, it has also resulted in income inequality and job displacement in some regions.

Culturally, globalization has facilitated the exchange of ideas, values, and traditions. This has led to a more diverse and interconnected world where cultures blend, but it can also challenge local traditions and languages.

Socially, globalization has improved access to information and technology. It has connected people across borders, enabling global activism and awareness of worldwide issues. Nonetheless, it has also created challenges like cybercrime and privacy concerns.

In conclusion, globalization is a double-edged sword. It offers economic opportunities, cultural exchange, and global connectivity, but it also brings about disparities, cultural tensions, and new global challenges. To navigate this complex landscape, the world must strive for responsible globalization that balances the interests of all stakeholders and promotes inclusivity and sustainability.

Related Articles

The movement of goods, technologies, information, and jobs between countries is referred to as globalisation. 

Globalization as a phenomenon began with the earliest human migratory routes, or with Genghis Khan’s invasions, or travel across the Silk Road.

Globalisation allows wealthy nations to access cheaper labour and resources, while also providing opportunity for developing and underdeveloped nations with the jobs and investment capital they require.

For more information on such interesting topics, visit our essay-writing page and follow Leverage Edu ! 

Malvika Chawla

Malvika is a content writer cum news freak who comes with a strong background in Journalism and has worked with renowned news websites such as News 9 and The Financial Express to name a few. When not writing, she can be found bringing life to the canvasses by painting on them.

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Contact no. *

Connect With Us

25,000+ students realised their study abroad dream with us. Take the first step today.

Resend OTP in

Need help with?

Study abroad.

UK, Canada, US & More

IELTS, GRE, GMAT & More

Scholarship, Loans & Forex

Country Preference

New Zealand

Which English test are you planning to take?

Which academic test are you planning to take.

Not Sure yet

When are you planning to take the exam?

Already booked my exam slot

Within 2 Months

Want to learn about the test

Which Degree do you wish to pursue?

When do you want to start studying abroad.

January 2024

September 2024

What is your budget to study abroad?

How would you describe this article ?

Please rate this article

We would like to hear more.

Have something on your mind?

Make your study abroad dream a reality in January 2022 with

India's Biggest Virtual University Fair

Essex Direct Admission Day

Why attend .

Don't Miss Out

Essay on Globalization Impact On Culture

Students are often asked to write an essay on Globalization Impact On Culture in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Globalization Impact On Culture

What is globalization.

Globalization means the way countries and people of the world interact and mix. This happens through trade, technology, and travel. As different parts of the world come closer, they share things like food, music, and products. Imagine your friend from another country showing you a game from their home; that’s a small part of globalization.

Sharing Cultures

When people from different countries meet, they exchange parts of their culture. For example, you might find an Italian pizza place in your city. This mix of cultures can make life more fun and interesting, but it also helps us understand and respect each other better.

Changing Traditions

Sometimes, because of globalization, new ideas or products become so popular that they change old traditions. For instance, in some places, fast food is replacing traditional meals. This can make local cultures less noticeable and can sometimes lead to forgetting old ways of life.

Learning and Growing

Globalization also means we can learn from other cultures. For example, schools might teach languages like Spanish or Chinese, helping students to communicate with more people and understand different ways of thinking. This learning makes everyone smarter and more connected.

Protecting Culture

Even with globalization, it’s important to protect and value our own cultures. This means enjoying new things from other places while also celebrating and keeping our own traditions alive. It’s like adding new songs to your music playlist without forgetting your old favorites.

250 Words Essay on Globalization Impact On Culture

Globalization means the way countries and people of the world interact and connect. It is about how businesses, ideas, and lifestyles spread around the planet. For example, we can buy the same big-brand burger in many countries.

Cultures Mixing

Because of globalization, different cultures come together. People learn about new foods, languages, and traditions. This can make our lives more interesting and fun. Imagine enjoying music from a country far away or celebrating a festival from another part of the world.

Some Negative Effects

Sometimes, when big companies from rich countries come to smaller places, they can change the local way of life. Small shops might close because they can’t compete. Also, everyone starting to like the same music or movies can make the world less varied.

Protecting Local Culture

To keep their unique cultures alive, some places make efforts to protect their traditions and languages. This is like saying, “Our way of life is important and we want to keep it.” They might have special events, teach kids about their history, or encourage local businesses.

Globalization brings people and cultures closer. It can be good because it helps us understand each other better. But it’s also important to remember and care for our own traditions. By sharing and respecting different ways of life, we can all enjoy the benefits of a connected world without losing what makes us special.

500 Words Essay on Globalization Impact On Culture

Globalization is the way countries all over the world are connecting through trade, technology, and travel. It’s like a big web that links different places and people, making the world seem smaller because it’s easier to share things like products, ideas, and cultures.

Sharing Cultures Around the World

One of the first things we notice about globalization is how it lets us share our cultures. For example, you might eat Italian pizza in New York, watch a Bollywood movie in Australia, or dance to K-pop music in Brazil. This mixing of cultures can help us learn about and enjoy things from different parts of the world.

Learning New Things

With globalization, we get to learn new things from other cultures. Many schools now teach languages like Spanish or Chinese, and students learn about festivals from other countries. This helps us understand people who are different from us and teaches us to respect their ways of life.

Changes in Local Culture

Sometimes, when cultures meet, they change a little. For instance, when big companies from one country open stores in another, they might bring their own style of doing things. This can make the local culture change over time. Some people like these changes because they bring new jobs and products. Others might not like it because they feel their own culture is getting lost.

Keeping Traditional Culture Alive

Even with globalization, it’s important to keep traditional culture alive. Many people still celebrate their local festivals, wear traditional clothes, and cook their family’s recipes. This helps to make sure that the unique parts of every culture don’t disappear.

Understanding and Respect

Globalization can teach us to be more understanding and respectful of each other. When we see that people around the world have different ways of living, we can learn to be kind and open-minded. It’s like making new friends from all over the globe and finding out how much we all have in common.

In conclusion, globalization has a big impact on culture. It allows us to share and enjoy different cultures, learn new things, and also brings changes to local cultures. It’s important to balance the new with the old and keep our traditions alive. By doing this, we can enjoy the benefits of a connected world while still cherishing our own cultural roots.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

• Essay on Globalization Effects On Religious Practices And Beliefs
• Essay on Globalization Effect
• Essay on Globalization And Religion

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

Happy studying!

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

ENCYCLOPEDIC ENTRY

Globalization.

Globalization is a term used to describe the increasing connectedness and interdependence of world cultures and economies.

Anthropology, Sociology, Social Studies, Civics, Economics

Freight Trains

Freight trains waiting to be loaded with cargo to transport around the United Kingdom. This cargo comes from around the world and contains all kinds of goods and products.

Photograph by Bloomberg

Globalization is a term used to describe how trade and technology have made the world into a more connected and interdependent place. Globalization also captures in its scope the economic and social changes that have come about as a result. It may be pictured as the threads of an immense spider web formed over millennia, with the number and reach of these threads increasing over time. People, money, material goods, ideas, and even disease and devastation have traveled these silken strands, and have done so in greater numbers and with greater speed than ever in the present age. When did globalization begin? The Silk Road, an ancient network of trade routes across China, Central Asia, and the Mediterranean used between 50 B.C.E. and 250 C.E., is perhaps the most well-known early example of exchanging ideas, products, and customs. As with future globalizing booms, new technologies played a key role in the Silk Road trade. Advances in metallurgy led to the creation of coins; advances in transportation led to the building of roads connecting the major empires of the day; and increased agricultural production meant more food could be trafficked between locales. Along with Chinese silk, Roman glass, and Arabian spices, ideas such as Buddhist beliefs and the secrets of paper-making also spread via these tendrils of trade. Unquestionably, these types of exchanges were accelerated in the Age of Exploration, when European explorers seeking new sea routes to the spices and silks of Asia bumped into the Americas instead. Again, technology played an important role in the maritime trade routes that flourished between old and newly discovered continents. New ship designs and the creation of the magnetic compass were key to the explorers’ successes. Trade and idea exchange now extended to a previously unconnected part of the world, where ships carrying plants, animals, and Spanish silver between the Old World and the New also carried Christian missionaries. The web of globalization continued to spin out through the Age of Revolution, when ideas about liberty , equality , and fraternity spread like fire from America to France to Latin America and beyond. It rode the waves of industrialization , colonization , and war through the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries, powered by the invention of factories, railways, steamboats, cars, and planes. With the Information Age, globalization went into overdrive. Advances in computer and communications technology launched a new global era and redefined what it meant to be “connected.” Modern communications satellites meant the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo could be watched in the United States for the first time. The World Wide Web and the Internet allowed someone in Germany to read about a breaking news story in Bolivia in real time. Someone wishing to travel from Boston, Massachusetts, to London, England, could do so in hours rather than the week or more it would have taken a hundred years ago. This digital revolution massively impacted economies across the world as well: they became more information-based and more interdependent. In the modern era, economic success or failure at one focal point of the global web can be felt in every major world economy. The benefits and disadvantages of globalization are the subject of ongoing debate. The downside to globalization can be seen in the increased risk for the transmission of diseases like ebola or severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), or in the kind of environmental harm that scientist Paul R. Furumo has studied in microcosm in palm oil plantations in the tropics. Globalization has of course led to great good, too. Richer nations now can—and do—come to the aid of poorer nations in crisis. Increasing diversity in many countries has meant more opportunity to learn about and celebrate other cultures. The sense that there is a global village, a worldwide “us,” has emerged.

Media Credits

The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited.

Production Managers

Program specialists, specialist, content production, last updated.

March 6, 2024

User Permissions

For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. They will best know the preferred format. When you reach out to them, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource.

If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media.

Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service .

Interactives

Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. You cannot download interactives.

Related Resources

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to  upgrade your browser .

Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.

• We're Hiring!
• Help Center

The effects of globalization on culture, economy and people

A short essay exploring the effects of globalisation in respect to culture, the economy and the people from a sociological perspective.

Impact of globalization on Indian culture | Sociology Optional for UPSC Civil Services Examination | Triumph IAS

Table of Contents

IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON INDIAN CULTURE

Relevant for ups-cse general studies paper 1 (impact of globalization of indian society).

GLOBALIZATION ON INDIAN CULTURE

Globalization is a process of increasing interdependence, interconnectedness and integration of economies and societies to such an extent that an event in one part of the globe affects people in other parts of world.

The effect of globalization is far reaching. It affects us all but affects us differently. Thus, while for some it may mean new opportunities, for others the loss of livelihood. Women silk spinners and twisters of Bihar lost their jobs once the Chinese and Korean silk yarn entered the market. Weavers and consumers prefer this yarn as it is somewhat cheaper and has a shine.

Similar displacements have come with the entry of large fishing vessels into Indian waters. These vessels take away the fish that used to be earlier collected by Indian fishing vessels. The livelihood of women fish sorters, dryers, vendors and net makers thereby get affected. In Gujarat, women gum collectors, who were picking from the ‘julifera’ (Baval trees), lost their employment due to the import of cheaper gum from Sudan. In almost all cities of India, the rag pickers lost some of their employment due to import of waste paper from developed countries.

It is obvious that globalization is of great social significance. But its impact on different sections of society is very different. There are, therefore, sharply divided views about the impact of globalization regarding its effect. Some believe that it is necessary to herald a better world.

Impact of Globalization on Indian Culture

• There are many ways that globalization affects culture. Over the ages India has had an open approach to cultural influences and has been enriched because of this. The last few decades have seen major cultural changes leading to fears that our local cultures would be overtaken. Thus there are heated debates in our society not just about political and economic issues but also about changes in clothes, styles, music, films, languages, body language. The debate is not new and 19th century reformers and early nationalists also debated on culture and tradition. The issues today are in some ways the same, in some ways different. What is perhaps different is the scale and intensity of change.
• A central contention is that all cultures will become similar, that is homogeneous. Others argue that there is an increasing tendency towards globalization of culture. Globalization refers to the mixing of the global with the local. It is not entirely spontaneous. Nor is it entirely delinked from the commercial interests of globalization. It is a strategy often adopted by foreign firms while dealing with local traditions in order to enhance their marketability. In India, we find that all the foreign television channels like Star, MTV, Channel V and Cartoon Network use Indian languages. Even McDonald sells only vegetarian and chicken products in India and not its beef products, which are popular abroad. McDonald’s goes vegetarian during the Navaratri festival . In the field of music, one can see the growth of popularity of ‘ Bhangra pop ’, ‘Indi pop’, fusion music and even remixes.
• Joint family has been adversely affected due to globalization. There has been an increase in nuclear families. This can be clearly manifested in the increasing number of old age homes that are present now. The diversity in family forms has given way to a dominance of nuclear family in the globalized India
• Due to opening up of food joints like McDonalds, KFC across the country, there has been a homogenization of food available across the country, but there has also been heterogenization in food. Old restaurants are now replaced by Mc. Donalds . Fast food and Chinese dishes have replaced juice corners and Parathas.
• Borrowing of money has become more acceptable now as compared to the past. Taking loans is very common due to increasing access to financial institutions
• In place of old cinema halls, multiplex theatres are coming up.
• Use of English has increased manifold in urban areas, this has led to a homogenization in language across the country, but the rural areas have been less affected by it.

Globalization  of Culture

• India has its unique cuisine, but the cuisines of foreign countries have become more easily available, they are modified to suit the taste buds of Indians (like Paneer Tikka Burger in McDonalds) . This has led to a wide variety of food being available, leading to heterogenization French, German and Spanish are taught to students right from school level along with indigenous languages, this is an exemplification of hybridization of culture
• Popularity of foreign movies has increased, Hollywood, Chinese, French and Korean movies are quite popular among the urban youth. Along with this, dubbing of these foreign movies in local languages is testimony of increased glocalization. Festivals: celebrations of Valentines’ day, Friendship day are examples of change in cultural values related to festival. However, along with these new days, traditional festivals are celebrated with equal enthusiasm.
• Importance of marriage is decreasing, there has been an increase in divorce, increase in live-in relationships, and single parenting is increasing. Marriage used to be considered as bonding of the souls; but today marriage is becoming professional and contractual. However, despite change in forms of marriage, it has not declined as an institution.

Revival of Culture

• Revival of Yoga in the country as well as in the international level. This can be seen in the popularity of the ‘Art of Living’ course by Ravi Shankar, or the celebration of International Yoga day across the world
• There has been a revival of ayurvedic medicines in the country as well as outside it.
• Due to increasing uncertainty by inter-linkage with the outside world, there has been religious revivalism. This can be manifested in the use of religion to attract voters, or mobilizing people on the basis of religion.
• Increasing demand for local handicraft products in global market, such as Chikenkari or bandhani.
• Due to increasing global tourism, locals are making efforts to preserve their diversity and revive their traditions.

All these changes have led to drastic changes to Indian culture, though most of these changes are confined to the urban areas, but the rural areas are fast catching up. We can see that the western culture is influencing the Indian culture, but it is not replacing it, rather there is a mixture of both cultures. It is to be noted that culture cannot be seen as an unchanging fixed entity that can either collapse or remain the same when faced with social change. What is more likely even today is that globalization will lead to the creation of not just new local traditions but global ones too.

To master these intricacies and fare well in the  Sociology Optional Syllabus,  aspiring sociologists might benefit from guidance by the  Best Sociology Optional Teacher  and participation in the  Best Sociology Optional Coaching.  These avenues provide comprehensive assistance, ensuring a solid understanding of sociology’s diverse methodologies and techniques.

Impact of Globalization, Indian Culture, Social Significance, Globalization of Culture, Revival of Culture, Nuclear Families, Revival, Social Structures, Chikenkari or bandhani

Why Vikash Ranjan’s Classes for Sociology?

Proper guidance and assistance are required to learn the skill of interlinking current happenings with the conventional topics.  VIKASH RANJAN SIR  at  TRIUMPH IAS  guides students according to the Recent Trends of UPSC, making him the  Best Sociology Teacher  for  Sociology Optional UPSC.

At Triumph IAS, the  Best Sociology Optional Coaching  platform, we not only provide the best study material and applied classes for  Sociology for IAS  but also conduct regular assignments and class tests to assess candidates’ writing skills and understanding of the subject.

Choose  T he Best Sociology Optional Teacher  for IAS Preparation?

At the beginning of the journey for  Civil Services Examination  preparation, many students face a pivotal decision – selecting their optional subject. Questions such as “ which optional subject is the best? ” and “ which optional subject is the most scoring? ” frequently come to mind. Choosing the right optional subject, like choosing the  best sociology optional teacher , is a subjective yet vital step that requires a thoughtful decision based on facts. A misstep in this crucial decision can indeed prove disastrous.

Ever since the exam pattern was revamped in 2013, the UPSC has eliminated the need for a second optional subject. Now, candidates have to choose only one  optional subject for the UPSC Mains , which has two papers of 250 marks each. One of the compelling choices for many has been the sociology optional. However, it’s strongly advised to decide on your optional subject for mains well ahead of time to get sufficient time to complete the syllabus. After all, most students score similarly in General Studies Papers; it’s the score in the optional subject & essay that contributes significantly to the final selection.

“A sound strategy does not rely solely on the popular Opinion of toppers or famous YouTubers cum teachers.”

It requires understanding one’s ability, interest, and the relevance of the subject, not just for the exam but also for life in general. Hence, when selecting the best sociology teacher, one must consider the usefulness of  sociology optional coaching  in  General Studies, Essay, and Personality Test.

The choice of the optional subject should be based on objective criteria, such as the nature, scope, and size of the syllabus, uniformity and stability in the question pattern, relevance of the syllabic content in daily life in society, and the availability of study material and guidance. For example, choosing the  best sociology optional coaching  can ensure access to top-quality study materials and experienced teachers. Always remember, the approach of the UPSC optional subject differs from your academic studies of subjects. Therefore, before settling for  sociology optional , you need to analyze the syllabus, previous years’ pattern, subject requirements (be it ideal, visionary, numerical, conceptual theoretical), and your comfort level with the subject.

This decision marks a critical point in your  UPSC – CSE journey , potentially determining your success in a career in IAS/Civil Services. Therefore, it’s crucial to choose wisely, whether it’s the optional subject or the  best sociology optional teacher . Always base your decision on accurate facts, and never let your emotional biases guide your choices. After all, the search for the  best sociology optional coaching  is about finding the perfect fit for your unique academic needs and aspirations.

Follow us :

🔎 https://www.instagram.com/triumphias

🔎 www.triumphias.com

🔎https://www.youtube.com/c/TriumphIAS

🔎 https://t.me/VikashRanjanSociology

Find More Blogs

One comment.

Hey there! Your essay was rather eye-opening, but I couldn’t help but notice that you, in your admirable attempt to convey the widespread effects of globalisation in our country, may have conveyed what can be best described as unsubstantiated hearsay and anecdotal evidence as proof of your claims. I would love to see some data regarding the various points you’ve gone over in your essay. Cheers.

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

549 Excellent Globalization Topics for Writing & Presentations

Not everyone knows it, but globalization is not a brand-new process that started with the advent of the Internet. In fact, it’s been around throughout all of human history. This makes the choice of topics related to globalization practically endless. 

Our specialists will write a custom essay specially for you!

If you need help choosing a writing idea, this Custom-Writing.org article is for you. Here, you will find 549 globalization topics for various assignments and a helpful writing guide.

🔝 Top 12 Globalization Topics

• 🚀 Research Topics
• 🙋‍ Topics for Presentation
• 🗺️ Essay Topics
• 🗣️ Topics for a Discussion
• 🤔 Essay Prompts
• ✏️ Writing Tips

🔗 References

• Archaic vs. proto globalization
• Political drivers of globalization
• Why is globalization inevitable?
• Music’s contribution to globalization
• Is globalization a problem in business?
• Advantages of economic interdependence
• Globalization’s effect on communication
• How is feminism related to interconnectedness?
• Does cultural homogenization destroy diversity?
• International recruiting as an effect of global networking
• Is the COVID-19 pandemic the result of globalization?
• Does globalization enhance teamwork in education?

🚀 Globalization Research Topics

• How has globalization affected women’s economic rights?
• Globalization’s influence on the women’s rights movement
• Research the challenges caused by the power of globalization

• The negative impact of globalization on Polynesian cultures
• Impact of globalization on the economies of the developing countries
• Study the contribution of global cooperation to the fight against serious diseases
• Global networking as a way of sharing experiences between countries
• How has globalization negatively impacted education ?
• Evaluate the positive impact of globalization on education opportunities
• The relationship between globalization and discrimination
• Contribution of globalization to health policies and practices
• Study the relationship between globalization and concentration of wealth
• Basic concepts of the phenomenon of globalization
• Global migration as the end of multiculturalism in the world
• Explore how globalization affected the rise of migration
• Globalization as a means of human trafficking
• Impact of globalization on systematic conflict and state aggression
• Internationalization as a driver of discrimination in education
• Contribution of globalization to the music industry
• Global interconnectedness as a reflection on protests and revolutions in the world
• Globalization as a way of strengthening international communication
• Study the link between globalization and the sustainability of resources
• Globalization as a tool to inhibit small business
• How does globalization affect competition in the global marketplace?
• Globalization and work management in modern organizations
• Enumerate the threats to the existence of globalization in times of increased nationalization
• Can globalization cause wars?
• Modern globalization as a response to the World Wars
• Can specific legislation limit the adverse effects of internationalization?
• Study feminism through the lens of globalization
• The phenomenon of the global village in the modern world
• The development of arts in the context of globalization
• International sport as part of the worldwide interaction process
• The Olympic Games as an outstanding example of globalization
• Relationship between globalization and the development of technology
• How does globalization promote the use of artificial intelligence ?
• Ethical problems of globalization in contemporary society
• The rise of anime as a product of cultural globalization
• The dissemination of environmental awareness as part of global interdependence
• Explain the effect of globalization on modern political systems
• Would COVID-19 have happened without globalization?
• The development of social networks in the era of globalization
• Review the historical issues of the globalized world
• Impact of globalization on the development of European countries
• How has globalization affected the US economy?
• The Russo-Ukrainian War as the consequence of global integration
• Assess the contribution of globalization to relations between countries
• Does globalization exist in the society of the future?
• Global connectivity as a driving force in the spread of body shaming
• The relationship between globalization and imperialism
• Transconglomerates in the worldwide market
• Study what characterizes partnerships in the international political arena
• Evaluate the influence of global interdependence on the emergence of economic crises
• The relationship between globalization and leadership in the workplace
• Attitudes toward cross-border interactions in the movie Captain Fantastic
• Consumer culture as a globalization phenomenon
• Global creativity in today’s world
• The positive impact of globalization on creativity
• Transformation of interpersonal relations within globalization
• How media hinders globalization in society
• Globalization and production as a threat to the environment

Cultural Globalization Topics for Research

• Study alternative ways of developing culture outside of globalization
• American influence on the rest of the world is too great
• Assess the waves of globalization in a historical context
• Autonomy and cultural identity : how to safeguard culture
• Can American dominance hinder the development of other cultures?
• Cultural globalization has changed the idea of world communities
• Write about current trends of smaller cultures moving toward globalization
• Digital communication is the primary means of globalization
• Do Europe and the US dominate the world market?
• Research the ecological effects of increasing globalization
• Freedom of movement as one of the rules of globalization
• Global exploitation of poor regions: effects and problems
• Globalization as the natural development of world communities
• International cooperation is needed to create a diverse world community
• Cross-border interactions help cultures get involved in economics and trade
• Study the historical experiences of countries opposing globalization
• How can we help developing countries integrate into the global community?
• How does globalization help some countries but harm others?
• Indigenous rights in international dialogue
• Institutionalization makes globalization grow
• International economics as the basis of globalization
• Is equality attainable in the context of globalization?
• Is globalization a consequence of European colonialism ?
• Is the loss of cultural consciousness possible in the context of globalization ?
• Lack of objectivity as a consequence of cultural globalization
• Threats to small linguistic groups due to the dominance of the English language
• Study the main features of media coverage of cultural stereotypes
• Migration of cultures is made possible by advances in technology
• National stereotypes are fading due to the globalization effects
• Study the possible negative consequences of cultural diversity
• Peculiarities of intercultural dialogue with developing countries
• Possibility of a conservative view of the world in the context of globalization
• Potential adverse effects of urbanization of smaller cultures
• Preserving linguistic diversity is the merit of globalization
• Reasons for the exclusion of developing countries from the international dialogue
• Study the resources for addressing the vulnerability of small cultures
• Shared consumer culture as a product of globalization
• Smaller cultures have become more visible thanks to globalization
• Sources of healthy nationalism for the preservation of a culture
• Assess the problems of cultural appropriation
• Corporate social responsibility as a product of global collaboration
• The current direction of cultural globalization
• The development of cultural communities is achievable through global introductions
• Study the distribution of goods and services in the twenty-first century
• Globalization and the spread of social justice movements
• The impact of international organizations on enhancing cultural visibility
• Research the ways of cultural imposition through the proliferation of products
• How does the openness of the world promote people’s autonomy in their choice of cultural symbols?
• The nature of social interaction between different nationalities
• Evaluate the need for communities to create a unified global cultural space
• Why the phenomenon of cultural diffusion is a subject of debate in globalization
• Study the effects of privatization of cultural structures and goods
• The problem of cultural competition on the global stage
• Write about the rate of growth of globalization throughout the world
• The role of group identity in cultural unification
• The spread of cultures is the merit of globalization
• Suggest tools to preserve national unity in the era of globalization
• Total isolation can lead to cultural degradation
• Trade links are the primary connection between the world’s cultures
• How transport technologies have brought globalization to a new level
• Trends in the changing state of culture today
• Ways of assimilating new cultural spaces and contexts
• What are the threats to the unification of cultures?
• Why is the perception of foreign cultures largely distorted?
• Why do modern people need instant communication with each other?
• Will anti-globalization do any good?

Negative Effects of Globalization: Research Topics

• Globalization and its effects on the exacerbation of inequality
• Job loss as an effect of globalization in the West
• Payment issues and related demands as products of globalization
• Tax havens exploitation due to globalization
• Assess the lack of fairness in multinational corporations
• Globalized setting and the risk of intellectual property theft
• Legal businesses and communities are affected adversely by globalization
• How globalization increased competition exponentially and doomed SMEs
• Internationalization and limited domestic institution options
• The exploitation of labor at the core of globalization-related processes
• Healthcare access in developing nations: unexpected effects of globalization
• Increased infection spreading in a globalized environment: lessons from COVID-19
• When globalization fails: the rise of the fake medications threat
• Inefficient resource distribution in global healthcare : current concerns
• Inconsistency in healthcare regulations in the globalized setting
• Globalization, the rising nurse-patient ratio , and workplace burnout
• When globalization hurts public healthcare: private sector expansion
• Global interdependence, developing countries, and resource leakage in healthcare
• Study the use of globalization to promote the status quo in healthcare
• Rising competition and one-company dominance in global healthcare
• Interconnected setting as the platform for escalating international conflicts
• Assess the prevalence of Western perspectives on politics
• Internationalization and leading states’ dominance in global politics
• Globalization concerns: the failure to embrace political diversity
• Evaluate the challenges of building international policies
• Increased external political control as the side effect of globalization
• Globalization and the inability to prioritize local citizens’ security
• Research the drop in security levels as a result of globalization
• Globalized political environment: an increase in surveillance threats
• Foreign intelligence intervening as an adverse effect of globalization
• Explain how globalization promotes consumerism
• Are globalization and Western ideas stifling the intercultural dialogue?
• Acculturation and globalization: threats to Indigenous cultures
• Globalization and the displacement of local populations
• How the globalized environment enforces cultural stereotypes
• Development of polarized opinions and the resulting cultural divide
• National identity erasure as a result of globalization
• Study the causes behind the global increase in mental health issues
• Personal space erasure as a consequence of globalization
• Focus on consumerism as the main globalization philosophy
• Stifled individualism in the era of globalization
• Challenges faced by ethnic minorities in the globalized context
• Poverty and inequality as increasing concerns associated with globalization
• Inequality in global resource distribution: side effects of globalization
• Failure of globalization ideas anywhere but the West
• The increasing threat of intellectual property theft and copyright infringement
• Challenges associated with controlling laws in the globalized context
• Evaluate the difficulties in identifying compromises between legal frameworks of different countries
• Challenges in developing a homogenous policy for the globalized community
• Globalization and the threat to minority needs
• Diluted priorities in the globalized environment
• Study the issue of control in the global economic context
• Legal concerns in the international setting: homogeneity issues
• Research the topic of incompatibility of diverse legal frameworks worldwide
• Exposure to cybersecurity threats as a result of globalization
• Cybercrime increase in the globalized context
• Challenges in negotiating legal collaboration in international settings
• The threat of terrorist attacks on a global level
• Evaluate the difficulties in negotiating legal policies as an effect of globalization
• Problems with introducing a unified academic approach within the global context
• Challenges adapting diverse educational environments to a uniform framework
• Globalization and the difficulties in controlling policies’ implementation
• Ethics as a control tool in a globally integrated setting
• Problems with challenging power structures within the globalized context
• Evaluate the threat of failing to maintain economic concerns on a global level
• Difficulties identifying business fraud in an international setting
• Globalization and problems negotiating political and cultural differences
• Polarization of opinions as an effect of forced globalization

‍🙋 Globalization Topics for Presentation

• What makes the Alibaba Corporation a business globalization pioneer?
• Smart automation as a feature of Globalization 4.0
• Explain how global manufacturing creates jobs in the low-GDP states
• Study globalization’s effects on the manufacturing costs of essential goods
• Current issues in global geopolitics: increasing non-renewable energy costs
• Explore the adverse impact of Westernization on Asian cultures
• The history of cross-cultural agility frameworks in retail business
• The Millennial generation’s attitudes to globalization: recent trends
• The globalization of football in the 20th century
• Cultural globalization’s positive and adverse effects on local movie industries
• The e-commerce ecosystem’s role in facilitating global trade
• Starbucks’s growth as an example of globalization
• Globalization’s adverse impacts on small retail businesses
• Business globalization’s negative effects on the deforestation issue
• Explain how the Internet has enabled globalized manufacturing
• The IMF’s stance on economic globalization : past and future
• Does the counter-globalization movement rely on empirical evidence? 
• The early history of global interactions: Silk Road trade
• Study the history of the multinational corporation phenomenon
• Political globalization: the rise of intergovernmental organizations
• How global integration has catalyzed economic development in African countries
• The Spice Routes as an early case of globalization
• International investment’s role in business globalization
• The history of polycentric political networks during the 20 th century
• How should the world respond to the “Coca-colonization” trend?
• Does globalization promote the exploitation of a cheaper labor force ?
• How the Scientific Revolution of16 th -17 th centuries promoted global connectivity
• The British Empire’s contributions to globalization before the mid-1800s
• Intense railway construction as a catalyst of globalized trade
• Has globalization destroyed a preference for local products in India ?
• Innovative sea transportation technology and global trade in the 1990s
• The WTO’s contributions to promoting global e-commerce
• Cultural globalization and associated threats, as seen by Generation Z
• How global connectivity removes jobs from countries with high production costs
• The Greater Arab Free Trade Area’s contributions to international commerce
• Does globalization make consumer goods more affordable?
• The Great Depression as a hindrance to globalization
• What led to the emergence of international sports organizations?
• Globalized business as a contributor to ocean acidification
• The rise of global governance in the 20 th century
• The Cultural Globalization Index: methodology and takeaways
• Globalization’s effects on natural resource consumption
• 20th-century barriers to economic globalization: the case of the Iron Curtain
• The invention of intermodal containers and their impact on global trade
• How free-trade areas promote globalization in Asia
• The USSR’s resistance to globalization
• Study the effects of globalization of the football player market
• The pros and cons of polycentric networks in global decision-making
• Explain how the current trade facilitation agenda supports globalization
• Global decision-making and its long-term effects on nation-states
• Intergenerational and international differences in attitudes to globalization
• Is business globalization destructive to local cultures?
• Write about the anti-globalization movement’s arguments against trade liberalization
• Can we call free trade a revival of imperialism ?
• The WTO’s achievements in promoting free trade
• The Internet’s role as a catalyst of global connectivity
• Globalization’s effects on cross-strait relationships
• Review the World Bank’s path to power in the globalization era
• Globalization’s impacts on gentrification in the US
• Review the key achievements of UN/CEFACT as a facilitator of global trade
• What characterizes cultural interactions before the 1500s?
• Religion’s role in the development of globalization
• Will globalization promote the cosmopolitan democracy theory?
• Cable technology as a facilitator of global trade
• Cuisine and culture-related globalization: the case of McDonald’s
• How the IMF promotes globalization in the 21 st century
• Globalization’s reverberations on consumers’ purchasing behavior
• How does globalization advance women’s rights in developing economies?

🗺️ Globalization Essay Topics: Different Categories

Globalization topics for high school.

• The world’s interconnectedness and the processes of globalization
• The impact of globalization on culture and economy
• Globalization: confronting threats and opportunities for countries
• Globalization in the modern world: pros and cons
• How the global community is addressing the challenges of globalization
• The Internet ’s role in worldwide integration and unification
• Study the central philosophical and ethical aspects of globalization
• How does the globalization of the world economy manifest itself?
• COVID-19 against the background of globalization

• How did the process of globalization change European countries?
• The leading causes for cultural diffusion in prehistoric times
• Globalization during the Industrial Revolution
• The role of the English language in global cooperation
• Analyze the central idea behind globalization
• Is globalization a cure-all for economic challenges?
• When did globalization really begin?
• Human rights in the era of cross-border interactions
• How does modern-day globalization differ from that during previous centuries?
• How does globalization relate to Americans’ public life?
• What are the worst long-term consequences of globalization ?
• What can be called globalization , and what can’t?
• The continued existence of separate nation-states considering globalization
• Relationship between globalization and healthcare
• Ideological approaches to the concept of globalization
• Is globalization a generally positive or negative phenomenon?
• The impact of globalization on the formation of identity
• Can the era of global integration ever come to an end?
• What will eventually replace globalization , and what will become of humanity in this case?
• How does globalization affect young people?
• Does globalization solve global problems?
• Globalization of higher education: contradictions and innovations
• Study the main technological factors of globalization
• Global connectivity as the leading trend in world development
• Human society: from isolation to international collaboration
• Social isolation and loneliness in the era of global communication
• Sustainable globalization for the benefit of all populations
• Analyze controversial statements about internationalization
• Globalization and religion: what are the concerns?
• Economic interdependence as the removal of barriers to free trade
• Globalization and the problem of income inequality
• Who introduced the concept of globalization ?
• Evaluate English as the language of diplomacy, business, and the Internet
• The information revolution caused by globalization
• Terrorism as one of the biggest obstacles to global collaboration
• The US and European states as the proponents of globalization
• Is the opposition to globalization political in nature?
• Global integration as the root cause of humanity’s gravest problems
• Functioning of society in the era of worldwide interconnectivity
• Research the dangers globalization poses to the world economy
• The main contradictions and conflicts of the internationalization process
• Globalization as a sociocultural process
• Study the social benefits of globalization
• How does globalization affect people’s purchasing behaviors?
• Global integration and its philosophical problems
• Globalization, human rights and laws: interconnection and interdependence
• Does globalization concern every person on Earth?
• Globalization and mass culture : trends and influences

Current Global Issues Topics for Students

• The War in Ukraine and the global food crisis
• Review the correlation between global warming and sea level rise
• Global greenhouse gas emissions and their atmospheric impact
• Advancing human rights globally: Qatar World Cup case study
• Global water shortage and contamination : solutions to depletion
• Global energy crisis and the Israel-Palestine conflict
• What are preventative solutions to global water shortage?
• The role of poverty on child labor around the world
• How can we stop the global issue of child labor in the fashion industry ?
• Access to education and resources as a solution to the global child labor issue
• Accountability of multinational corporations for child labor use
• What is the correlation between child labor and global Islamic extremism ?
• Global violence and discrimination against women and LGBTQ+ members
• Evaluate the role of social media in preventing global violence
• Global violence and human trafficking
• Military interventions to address global violence
• Analysis of effectiveness in current approaches to global violence prevention
• Evaluate the international poverty line and its implications
• Global poverty and food crisis
• Address the lack of food and shelter caused by the rise in global poverty
• Effectiveness of homeless shelters to address global poverty
• International poverty factors and causes of variation in wages
• Current international initiatives in addressing global poverty
• Study global wealth in relation to income inequality
• Global inequality in health and healthcare
• International stability, development, and global inequality
• Global inequality in social relationships
• Health disparities as predictors of global inequalities
• Global wealth inequality : crime and violence manifestations
• Global terrorism and Islamic extremism
• Prevention of terrorism with military interventions
• Global radicalization and immigration issues
• The role of international networking in recruitment in terrorist organizations
• Conduct a geopolitical analysis of ISIS as a global terrorist organization
• Russia as a state sponsor of terrorism: what are the implications?
• Global terrorism and geopolitical power vacuums
• Global practice of child marriages : insights from Afghanistan
• Legislative solutions to child marriage practice
• Evaluate current international initiatives to address child marriage
• The role of cultural isolation in child marriage practices
• Study the global correlation between inequality and food
• Global population increase and the impending food crisis
• Agricultural solutions for global food shortage : technologies and fertilizers
• Global supply chain vulnerability assessment
• AIDS prevention : effective means to address the epidemic
• Research the effects of climate change on global air pollution
• The correlation between global warming and fossil fuels
• Assess the impact of electric vehicles on climate change
• The effect of the carbon footprint of animal agriculture on global warming
• Global warming as a threat to food production
• Analyze the climate change’s impact on the shift in weather patterns
• Global temperature increase and agricultural output
• Continental evaluation of climate change and biodiversity
• Extreme heat waves in the Global South : climate change implications
• The effectiveness of the UN initiatives to promote human rights
• Evaluate the UN initiatives on clean water access
• Technological solutions for global hunger and malnourishment
• Marine plastic pollution and its effect on human reproductive health

Topics Related to Globalization & Global Economy

• Research the history and evolution of globalization
• How will jobs change in the context of a globalized economy?
• How does globalization impact economic development ?
• What is the role of multinational corporations in the global economy ?
• What is the effect of increased financial inclusion on the worldwide economy?
• The Eurozone crisis and its implications for the global economy
• How do global capital markets influence the national economy?
• Compare the benefits and drawbacks of worldwide free trade
• International Aid and its role in alleviating global poverty crisis
• How does global networking affect labor markets ?
• Do international organizations contribute to shaping global economic policy ?
• The role of technology in driving economic interdependence
• How does globalization impact small businesses ?
• The issue of modern trade wars and protectionism
• Study the relationship between globalization and economic inequality
• How does global climate change affect nations’ financial well-being?
• The role of immigration in the global economy
• The relationship between globalization, economy, and national sovereignty
• Is education important for the global economy?
• How do digital technologies transform the global economy?
• Can a global financial system shape globalization?
• Why is energy consumption increasing?
• How do exchange rate dynamics affect the worldwide economy?
• Old age pensions as a social welfare policy affected by globalization
• What is the role of international trade in driving globalization?
• How does globalization increase international investing?
• Why is the crisis in the housing market a result of globalization?
• Has globalization increased the risk of corruption ?
• The role of transportation and logistics in globalization
• Suggest strategies for sustainable development of global economies
• Analyze China’s global economic initiative
• Does the tourism industry benefit from globalization?
• The role of international taxation in shaping globalization
• Is globalization beneficial for the education sector?
• Globalization as a cause of social mobility
• The role of international monetary policy in driving globalization
• Are international relations connected to globalization?
• Benefits of globalization of financial markets
• The impact of globalization on the fashion industry
• Does globalization increase medical access?
• What is the role of global governance in driving globalization?
• Positive and negative effects of media globalization
• Why are global trade agreements vital for globalization?
• How does globalization impact the tourism industry ?
• Does globalization contribute to poverty rates?
• The role of international migration in driving globalization
• What is the impact of globalization on the transportation sector?
• Compare and contrast globalization vs. urbanization
• How are international institutions shaping globalization ?
• Does globalization negatively affect the energy sector ?
• What is the importance of international organizations in driving globalization?
• How can we prevent the negative effect of globalization on the housing market?
• What does globalization mean in international relations ?

Essay Questions about Globalization

• How does the War in Ukraine affect globalization?
• What is the role of the Middle East countries in global collaboration?
• Is globalization dependent on global supply chain networks?
• Are there ways to address nationalization through globalization?
• How does the rise of dictatorships affect global cooperation?
• What is the impact of globalization on local cultures ?
• Did globalization bring improvements to poorer African countries?
• Has globalization already reached its end?
• Are there any disadvantages of globalization for rich nations?
• How will the development of AI affect global networking?
• Did globalization rates increase or decrease during the COVID-19 pandemic?
• Who will lead globalization by 2030?
• What is the 4th Industrial Revolution’s impact on globalization?
• What were the major phases of globalization?
• Did Globalization 4.0 end in the 2010s?
• Will globalization create international equality?
• Did the global integration process start with silk and spices?
• What are the disadvantages of globalization for poor nations?
• How did the global pandemic affect cross-border interactions?
• What are the benefits of globalization ?
• Has China become the centerpiece of globalization?
• How is the global food crisis affecting economic interdependence?
• How is the Russian government halting globalization?
• What are the key drivers of universal connectivity?
• Does economic interdependence improve trade efficiency?
• What characterizes the first wave of globalization?
• How is the global energy crisis affecting internationalization?
• Is globalization vulnerable to human rights violations ?
• How will water shortage impact the international community?
• Is democracy a prerequisite for globalization?
• What role did Great Britain play in globalization?
• What was the role of Islam in globalization?
• Can worldwide collaboration solve the issues of global hunger and poverty?
• Does globalization need capitalism and free markets to function?
• What is the impact of globalization on the US?
• How did globalization lead to the development of modern China ?
• How does globalization affect greenhouse gas emissions?
• Is globalization possible without cultural elements?
• How can we find a balance between globalization and cultural heritage ?
• Is the rising nationalism a response to globalization?
• Can globalization alleviate health disparities between nations?
• Does worldwide collaboration centralize international power?
• Does globalization only benefit the powerful nations?
• How did COVID-19 expose globalization vulnerabilities?
• Are cryptocurrencies part of Globalization 4.0?
• Is globalization possible without military interventions?
• What is the role of oil in globalization processes?
• Is global terrorism a byproduct of global interconnection?
• What is the possible future direction of globalization?
• How can we balance national autonomy with global collaboration?
• What is the end goal of globalization?
• Can globalization proceed without liberal democracies ?
• How did globalization shape the current geopolitics ?
• Will the Russia-Ukraine war permanently stop internationalization?
• What is the role of OPEC in globalization?
• Is Davos culture undermining global cooperation?
• Is glocalization a new form of globalization?
• What is the functionalist perspective of global interdependence?
• What are the benefits and issues of cultural globalization?

🗣️ Globalization Topics for a Discussion

• How does globalization strengthen totalitarian ideologies?
• How does globalization affect developing countries?
• The connection between globalization and human trafficking
• How does globalization contribute to homogenization?
• The impact of globalization on the demand for autonomy
• Diversity as a consequence of globalization
• The importance of cultural diversity in globalization
• Research the struggle for resources in the context of internationalization

• Is total globalization inevitable in the future?
• Contribution of globalization to the field of advertising
• Discuss controversies associated with contemporary globalization
• Study the attitudes towards globalization in postmodern societies
• Transformation of the world system in the process of globalization
• The emergence of multinationals as a consequence of globalization
• How globalization reflects in the global exchange of goods
• How has the global market changed during globalization?
• Mutual dependencies of countries due to globalization
• Transcommunication as a product of globalization
• Review the favorable conditions necessary for the globalization of the economy
• Featherstone’s views on localization related to globalization
• Localization in the works of Friedman , Giddens, and Hannerz
• What dangers does globalization pose to ethnicities?
• Is globalization possible without the phenomenon of localization?
• How does time-space compression contribute to localization?
• Global and local contributors to the fragmentation of society
• What measures can stop the fragmentation of society?
• Does globalization cause local formulations?
• The contribution of globalization to Japan’s bubble economy development
• Differences in globalization between developed and developing countries
• Links between the universal and the particular in globalization
• Expansion of internationalization in Asia and Africa
• Is globalization a threat to hegemony in economics and culture?
• How can we prevent the US from subordinating other countries?
• Does global interdependence threaten the extinction of grassroots culture?
• Does worldwide connectivity contribute to the unification of the social order ?
• How is society changing within the framework of global integration?
• The development of anti-modernist ideology under globalization
• Modernization of health care in globalization
• How does globalization impede the availability of health services?
• How developing states suffer from globalization
• Does globalization mean the end of the nation-state?
• Perceptions of the consequences of globalization in contemporary society
• Marginalization as an effect of internationalization
• Frans J. Schuurman’s research on globalization
• Why is globalization associated with the end of development?
• The role of privatization in the process of globalization
• The crisis of sociological theories in globalization

🤔 Globalization Essay Prompts

Globalization and climate change essay prompt.

• How globalization affects carbon footprint. Study the consequences of interconnected global economy on carbon emissions. Pay particular attention to the effects of trade and transportation on CO2 levels.
• Globalization and environmental justice. In your essay, answer the questions: how does globalization worsen environmental inequality? Which regions suffer from the effects of climate change the most?
• Local initiatives to address climate change. Explore what environmentally-conscious people do to stop climate change in their regions. How do their actions contribute to worldwide efforts.

What Is Globalization Essay Prompt

• The early history of globalization. You can cover what factors led to worldwide connectivity and how it has grown ever since. Your essay may talk about the Silk Road, the spread of Islam, and global trade. 
• The impact of globalization on modern society. Globalization has numerous benefits for the economy and business. You might explore what difference it has made for everyday people. 
• The characteristics of globalization. Analyze what defines globalization. Cover not only the basic features but also more specific ones, such as global product standardization. 

Is Globalization Good or Bad: Essay Prompt

• Globalization is good because it contributes to cultural awareness. Explore how it can strengthen the ties between countries, build cultural bridges, and improve the quality of people’s lives. 
• Ways in which developing countries benefit from globalization. For example, thanks to globalization, resources such as technology and education were brought to developing countries. 
• Downsides of globalization: unemployment rate. Due to technological advancements, many people in developing countries are left unemployed. Explain how globalization also plays a significant role in this process. 
• Globalization’s negative influence on cultural diversity. This is one of the most dangerous threats in the globalized world. How can we prevent the extinction of Indigenous cultures and promote their uniqueness? 

Impact of Globalization on Culture Essay Prompt

• Globalization contributes to the spread of racial stereotypes. Despite America’s ongoing attempts to overcome prejudice, the media still spreads the stereotypical image of non-white races. You can focus on specific examples of such stereotypes in your essay. 
• Westernization of cultures. Western pop icons, brands, and lifestyles are spreading worldwide. What contributed to Western culture’s domination? What makes this influence harmful?
• How globalization promotes the flow of cultural practices. In your essay, discuss how globalization may lead to more efficient management of international organizations. 

How Did Covid-19 Affect Globalization Essay Prompt

• The mechanisms of the COVID-19 effect on globalization strategies. These include consumers’ attitudes, the government’s actions, business’ globalization economics, and the mindsets of stakeholders and executives of multinational companies. 
• The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy. Your essay can touch on the change in capital input, labor market developments, and productivity growth. 
• Globalization’s forecasts after the pandemic. Analyze the post-pandemic prospects in your essay. Focus on how different it will be compared to past flow patterns. 

✏️ Globalization Essay: How to Write

Coming up with a topic is just the first step. After that, you need to make an outline and write your essay. Not sure how to go about it? Check out the handy guide below. 

Globalization Essay Introduction

At the beginning of your essay, there’s always an introduction. It includes three main components: 

• Hook . Start with an intriguing piece of information that makes your audience interested in reading your text. You can cite some shocking statistics or tell a little-known fact.  Only 1 of 7 billion people on the planet live in comfortable conditions. 
• Background information. The next 1-3 sentences need to contain the necessary info about the topic the readers need to know before continuing with your paper.  It may seem like a small number, but it is enormous compared to the situation humanity faced 100 years ago. The world per capita GDP skyrocketed from $680 to $6,500 during this period. 
• After that, you write the thesis statement. Keep reading to learn what it is!

Globalization Thesis Statement

The thesis statement is the key sentence of your essay. It serves several purposes: 

• Structuring your whole work.
• Setting your main ideas. 
• Creating some room for discussion. 

The thesis also needs to be coherent and brief but not too short. Make sure to include all of your essay’s critical ideas into it.

Just in 1 hour! We will write you a plagiarism-free paper in hardly more than 1 hour

Here’s an example:

Although it has some disadvantages, globalization is crucial for increasing the number of people living in comfort by creating comparable living conditions.

Globalization Essay Body

The body is the central part of your paper. These are usually 2-3 paragraphs, each explaining one of your points.

To build a solid body paragraph, you need to: 

• Present the segment’s main idea in a topic sentence . 
• Expand on it. 
• Use evidence to prove your point. 

Here’s a sample body paragraph for you:

One of globalization’s most prominent positive effects is its effect on people’s living conditions. For most of human history, comparing one person’s salary or social status to those of people living on another continent was impossible. Such personal information was not available to the public. However, with the rise of globalization, people started learning more and more about those living abroad. Citizens of countries with poor living conditions discovered that their lives could be much better. This discovery forced some governments to improve their citizens’ state of being by using rich foreign countries as an example. 

Globalization Essay Conclusion

The conclusion is the final part of your work. Nothing new needs to be added here. Just restate your thesis , summarize your body paragraphs, and finish with a memorable statement.

Receive a plagiarism-free paper tailored to your instructions. Cut 20% off your first order!

At the end of the day, people’s lives have improved significantly over the last two centuries. Much of these improvements are thanks to globalization. These positive changes suggest that it is possible to further enhance people’s quality of life through global collaboration. 

You can also use our free essay conclusion generator to save time.

And with that, we end our topic list. Make sure to let us know which topic you like best. Feel free to recommend this article to your friends, and good luck with your assignment!

Further Reading:

• How to Write a Good Introduction: Examples & Tips
• How to Title an Essay: Guide with Creative Examples
• A Complete Guide to Essay Writing—Make it Simple
• Globalization: National Geographic
• What Is Globalization?: Peterson Institute for International Economics
• Globalization in Business with History and Pros and Cons: Investopedia
• What Is Globalization? Globalization Explained: TechTarget
• Globalization: A Brief Overview: International Monetary Fund
• Globalization: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
• Globalization Has Rallied and Is Even Working Better – New Report: World Economic Forum
• The State of Globalization in 2022: Harvard Business School Publishing
• The World Will Regret Its Retreat from Globalization: Foreign Policy
• Globalization and Human Cooperation: PNAS
• Globalization: Britannica
• Is Globalization Over?: Project Syndicate
• The Future of Globalization: Center for Global Development
• Globalization and Poverty: National Bureau of Economic Research
• Prepare Now for the New Era of Globalization: EY
• The Complex Dynamics of Globalization and the Financial Crisis: BBVA
• Is This the End of Globalization?: Knowledge at Wharton
• Globalization and Human Security: George Mason University
• Globalization Isn’t Dead, It’s Just not American Anymore: The Washington Post
• Globalization Is Here to Stay: Deloitte
• Globalization Is Over. The Global Culture Wars Have Begun.: The New York Times
• Globalization, Labor Markets, and Inequality: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
• The Pros and Cons of Globalization: Forbes
• Globalization and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence on the Role of Complementarities: PLOS
• Does Globalization Mean We Will Become One Culture?: BBC
• The Globalization of American Culture: American Diplomacy
• The Negative Effects of Globalization on the Global Economy: Bucknell University
• Globalization and the Labor Market: The American University in Cairo
• What Is Globalization?: Indiana University
• Share to Facebook
• Share to Twitter
• Share to LinkedIn
• Share to email

In today’s world, fashion has become one of the most significant aspects of our lives. It influences everything from clothing and furniture to language and etiquette. It propels the economy, shapes people’s personal tastes, defines individuals and communities, and satisfies all possible desires and needs. In this article, Custom-Writing.org experts...

Early motherhood is a very complicated social problem. Even though the number of teenage mothers globally has decreased since 1991, about 12 million teen girls in developing countries give birth every year. If you need to write a paper on the issue of adolescent pregnancy and can’t find a good...

Human rights are moral norms and behavior standards towards all people that are protected by national and international law. They represent fundamental principles on which our society is founded. Human rights are a crucial safeguard for every person in the world. That’s why teachers often assign students to research and...

Global warming has been a major issue for almost half a century. Today, it remains a topical problem on which the future of humanity depends. Despite a halt between 1998 and 2013, world temperatures continue to rise, and the situation is expected to get worse in the future. When it...

Have you ever witnessed someone face unwanted aggressive behavior from classmates? According to the National Center for Educational Statistics, 1 in 5 students says they have experienced bullying at least once in their lifetime. These shocking statistics prove that bullying is a burning topic that deserves detailed research. In this...

Recycling involves collecting, processing, and reusing materials to manufacture new products. With its help, we can preserve natural resources, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and save energy. And did you know that recycling also creates jobs and supports the economy? If you want to delve into this exciting topic in your...

Expository writing, as the name suggests, involves presenting factual information. It aims to educate readers rather than entertain or persuade them. Examples of expository writing include scholarly articles, textbook pages, news reports, and instructional guides. Therefore, it may seem challenging to students who are used to writing persuasive and argumentative...

Expository or informative essays are academic papers presenting objective explanations of a specific subject with facts and evidence. These essays prioritize balanced views over personal opinions, aiming to inform readers without imposing the writer’s perspective. Informative essays are widely assigned to students across various academic levels and can cover various...

Your computer stores your memories, contacts, and study-related materials. It’s probably one of your most valuable items. But how often do you think about its safety? Cyber security is something that can help you with this. Simply put, it prevents digital attacks so that no one can access your data....

A problem solution essay is a type of persuasive essay. It’s a piece of writing that presents a particular problem and provides different options for solving it. It is commonly used for subject exams or IELTS writing tasks. In this article, we’ll take a look at how to write this...

Have you ever wondered why everyone has a unique set of character traits? What is the connection between brain function and people’s behavior? How do we memorize things or make decisions? These are quite intriguing and puzzling questions, right? A science that will answer them is psychology. It’s a multi-faceted...

Participating in a student exchange program is a perfect opportunity to visit different countries during your college years. You can discover more about other cultures and learn a new language or two. If you have a chance to take part in such a foreign exchange, don’t miss it. Keep in...