leader research paper topics

Leadership Research Paper Topics

The exploration of leadership research paper topics is a vital task for students studying management. These topics delve into the theory and practice of leadership, offering valuable insights into the dynamics of organizational success. The following guide provides a comprehensive list of leadership research paper topics categorized into ten areas, from leadership theories and styles to the role of women in leadership. This guide will also discuss the breadth and depth of leadership as a research area, advise on how to choose the right topic, and share tips on writing an excellent leadership research paper. We will then introduce the custom paper writing services offered by iResearchNet, which can provide expert, tailored assistance for any leadership research topic. The text concludes with a compelling call-to-action, encouraging students to leverage iResearchNet’s services for their research paper needs. The central aim is to facilitate students’ journey in leadership studies, fostering academic growth and development.

100 Leadership Research Paper Topics

Studying leadership calls for a comprehensive variety of topics, reflecting the broad and deep nature of this area of study. This section presents a vast array of potential topics, categorized into ten key areas, each featuring ten unique subjects for investigation. This presents a multitude of directions for students to dive deep into their leadership research papers.

Academic Writing, Editing, Proofreading, And Problem Solving Services

Get 10% off with 24start discount code, 1. leadership theories:.

Analysis of the evolution of leadership theories from trait to situational theories.
A comparative study of transformational and transactional leadership models.
A deep dive into the contingency theories of leadership.
A practical exploration of the path-goal theory in modern organizations.
An examination of servant leadership theory’s applicability in non-profit organizations.
Exploring the role of emotional intelligence in the framework of authentic leadership.
Evaluating the impact of charismatic leadership on employee motivation and productivity.
Adaptive leadership theory in crisis management: an exploration.
A detailed study of the correlation between leadership theories and personality traits.
Leadership theories’ applications and implications in team management and dynamics.

2. Leadership Styles:

The implications of autocratic leadership on employee satisfaction and morale.
How democratic leadership fosters innovation and creativity in the workplace.
The role and effects of laissez-faire leadership in creative industries.
An investigation of transformational leadership’s influence on organizational culture.
Evaluating the impact of transactional leadership on performance metrics.
Applicability and effectiveness of servant leadership in corporate settings.
Pros and cons of paternalistic leadership in different organizational structures.
An examination of strategic leadership in the rapidly evolving tech industry.
Analyzing the effects of adaptive leadership in the complex field of healthcare.
A correlation study of leadership styles and employee retention rates.

3. Leadership and Ethics:

Ethical leadership’s role in shaping and promoting corporate social responsibility.
Analysis of the ethical dilemmas encountered by leaders in healthcare organizations.
How ethical leadership moulds and influences organizational culture.
A study on the corporate scandals resulted from unethical leadership.
The ethical considerations in leadership decision-making processes.
The relationship between ethical leadership and employees’ moral judgments.
A sector-focused analysis of leadership ethics in the banking industry.
Measuring the impact of ethical leadership on brand reputation.
Exploring the influence of ethical leadership on corporate sustainability strategies.
Leadership ethics in political organizations: an in-depth study.

4. Leadership and Diversity:

The impact of diverse leadership on an organization’s inclusivity.
Cultural diversity’s influence on leadership styles in multinational organizations.
A study on the challenges faced by women in leadership roles.
Evaluating the role of leadership in promoting gender equity in corporate organizations.
The effect of diverse leadership on fostering innovation in multinational corporations.
An examination of racial diversity in leadership and its effect on corporate image.
Understanding the benefits and challenges of age diversity in leadership roles.
Unraveling the opportunities and difficulties faced by LGBT+ individuals in leadership positions.
Leadership strategies to effectively manage and promote diversity in the workplace.
Leadership diversity’s impact on corporate social responsibility initiatives.

5. Leadership in Different Industries:

The pivotal role of leadership in tech startups’ growth trajectory.
Leadership in the healthcare industry: navigating through challenges and seizing opportunities.
An exploration of military leadership principles and their potential application in a corporate setting.
Characteristics of effective leadership in the hospitality industry: a detailed study.
The significance of impactful leadership in the functioning of non-profit organizations.
Leadership strategies that drive success in the retail industry.
The role of leadership in driving innovation in the automotive industry.
The best practices of effective leadership in the education sector.
The influence of leadership on team performance in professional sports.
Defining the traits of successful leadership in the fast-paced entertainment industry.

6. Leadership and Change Management:

Exploring the impact of transformational leadership on change management processes.
The role of leadership in shaping and implementing successful change initiatives.
Understanding the leadership styles most effective for managing organizational change.
A detailed study on leadership’s role in overcoming resistance to change.
Leadership in driving and managing technological change in digital companies.
An examination of adaptive leadership during organizational restructuring.
The correlation between strategic leadership and successful change management.
Influence of leadership on change acceptance and adaptation among employees.
The role of leadership communication in managing change effectively.
Examining the impact of leadership in change management across different industries.

7. Leadership and Employee Motivation:

Impact of transformational leadership on employee motivation and job satisfaction.
How leadership can influence employee motivation through effective communication.
An exploration of the relationship between leadership styles and employee motivation levels.
How servant leadership enhances employee motivation and engagement.
Evaluating the role of leadership in developing effective reward systems for employee motivation.
Examining the effects of charismatic leadership on employee motivation.
The influence of leadership behavior on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Leadership strategies for fostering a motivating work environment.
How leadership can use job design to enhance employee motivation.
The impact of leadership recognition on employee motivation and performance.

8. Leadership Development:

Understanding the role of mentoring in leadership development.
Examining the importance of continuous learning in leadership development.
The impact of coaching on leadership skill development.
Analyzing the effectiveness of various leadership development programs.
The role of experiential learning in the development of leadership skills.
Influence of leadership development on succession planning in organizations.
Investigating the role of self-awareness in leadership development.
Evaluating the role of feedback in the leadership development process.
The impact of leadership development initiatives on organizational performance.
Understanding the importance of emotional intelligence in leadership development.

9. Leadership and Organizational Culture:

The role of leadership in shaping and sustaining organizational culture.
Analyzing the influence of leadership style on organizational culture.
A study on how effective leadership can instill a culture of innovation.
Investigating the relationship between leadership and organizational culture in multinational corporations.
Exploring the effects of leadership communication on organizational culture.
How transformational leadership influences a culture of teamwork.
The role of leadership in promoting an ethical organizational culture.
The influence of servant leadership on organizational culture.
Leadership’s role in the creation and management of a customer-oriented culture.
The impact of leadership transition on organizational culture.

10. Leadership and Decision Making:

The role of leadership in strategic decision making.
The influence of different leadership styles on decision-making processes.
Evaluating the impact of leadership on ethical decision making in organizations.
An exploration of how leadership affects group decision-making processes.
The role of leadership intuition in decision making.
Leadership strategies for effective crisis decision making.
The influence of leadership in data-driven decision making.
The impact of transformational leadership on innovative decision making.
Leadership and decision-making under uncertainty: a comprehensive study.
How leadership influences employee involvement in decision making.

These varied topics allow students to explore different aspects of leadership, spanning theory, styles, ethics, diversity, industry specifics, change management, employee motivation, development, organizational culture, and decision making. The broad range enables students to select a topic that aligns with their personal interests and professional aspirations. This extensive list also gives students the freedom to narrow their focus and delve deep into a specialized area of leadership. Thus, creating a foundation for an insightful and meaningful research paper.

The Range of Leadership Research Paper Topics

Leadership is an inherently complex and multifaceted concept, embodying various dimensions of organizational functioning. It is a dynamic process involving influence, direction, and facilitation towards achieving a common objective. Therefore, leadership has a profound influence on the behaviors, attitudes, and overall performance of an organization, making it a fertile ground for extensive and diverse research.

The range of leadership research paper topics is vast, reflecting the wide-ranging implications of leadership in different contexts. This breadth allows students to delve into various aspects of leadership, from exploring various leadership styles such as transformational, transactional, autocratic, democratic, and servant leadership, to understanding their effects on team dynamics, employee performance, motivation, and job satisfaction.

For instance, research into the various leadership styles provides critical insights into how different approaches to leadership can influence an organization’s effectiveness. Transformational leadership, for example, emphasizes the leader’s role in inspiring and motivating followers, fostering innovation, and driving change. In contrast, transactional leadership focuses on clear role and task definitions, rewards, and punishments as motivational tools.

Moreover, the intersection of leadership and ethics is another prolific area of research. Ethical leadership explores how leaders can integrate ethical principles into their decision-making processes, cultivate ethical behaviors within their teams, and ultimately foster an ethical organizational culture. Research in this field can range from examining the influence of ethical leadership on employee behavior to investigating the strategies leaders can employ to navigate ethical dilemmas.

Diversity in leadership, a critical aspect in the current globalized business environment, offers another area of intriguing research potential. Diverse leadership promotes a plethora of viewpoints, encourages creativity and innovation, and enhances organizational adaptability. Research topics in this category can involve investigating the effect of diverse leadership on team performance, the challenges and strategies in managing a diverse leadership team, or understanding how leadership can promote diversity and inclusion within an organization.

Research on leadership in different industrial and organizational contexts also offers a wealth of research paper topics. This can include leadership in healthcare, exploring how leaders can effectively manage healthcare professionals, improve patient outcomes, and drive change in the healthcare system. Leadership in educational settings, examining how school leaders can impact educational outcomes, foster a conducive learning environment, and navigate the unique challenges in the education sector.

Leadership’s role in change management is another critical area of research. Change is a constant factor in any organization, and effective leadership is critical in navigating this change successfully. Research topics here can focus on the various leadership strategies in implementing change, the challenges leaders face in this process, and the critical role leadership plays in overcoming resistance to change.

The impact of leadership on employee motivation also provides a rich area for investigation. The influence a leader has on an employee’s motivation levels can significantly affect job satisfaction, productivity, and retention. Topics here can explore the different leadership strategies that can enhance employee motivation, the role of leadership in developing effective reward systems, or how leadership behavior affects intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.

Leadership development is another theme rich in research opportunities. The creation of effective leaders is crucial to an organization’s success. Therefore, investigating leadership development programs, the role of coaching and mentoring in leadership development, or the impact of leadership development initiatives on organizational performance are all meaningful research directions.

In conclusion, the diversity in leadership research paper topics allows students to explore and investigate various areas of leadership theory and practice. From understanding different leadership styles and their effects, to delving into leadership ethics, diversity, industry-specific leadership, change management, motivation, and leadership development, the possibilities are extensive. This breadth and depth enable students to gain a comprehensive understanding of leadership and its vital role in shaping organizational success. The explorative journey into these leadership research paper topics lays a robust foundation for future leaders, providing them with essential insights into effective leadership practices.

How to Choose Leadership Research Paper Topics

Choosing the right topic for a leadership research paper is a critical first step in the process of writing a top-notch research paper. The right topic is not just a subject you find interesting, but one that is unique, manageable, and relevant to your course of study. In this section, we provide ten comprehensive tips to guide you in choosing the best leadership research paper topic.

Identify Your Interest : Start by identifying what aspects of leadership interest you the most. Are you more drawn to the psychological aspects of leadership, such as how leaders motivate their teams, or are you more interested in the organizational aspects, such as how leadership styles impact company culture? Personal interest in a topic can make the research process more engaging and the writing process more enjoyable.
Brainstorm : Spend time brainstorming potential topics. Write down everything that comes to mind, no matter how broad or specific. This process can help you to identify potential areas of interest and narrow down your options.
Research Existing Literature : Before settling on a topic, take some time to read up on existing literature in the field of leadership. This can help you to identify gaps in knowledge that your research could fill, or controversial issues that could be the focus of your paper.
Consider the Scope : Consider the scope of your research paper. If it’s a shorter paper, you’ll need a narrower topic. Conversely, for a longer paper, you can choose a broader topic that you can explore in detail.
Consult Your Supervisor or Peers : Discuss potential topics with your supervisor or classmates. They may offer a fresh perspective or suggest areas of interest that you hadn’t considered.
Check for Resources : Ensure that there are enough resources available for your chosen topic. This can include books, peer-reviewed articles, and credible online sources. Having enough sources will make your research process smoother and more productive.
Relevance to Your Course : The topic you choose should be relevant to your course and future career. For example, if you plan to work in the non-profit sector, you might choose a topic related to leadership in non-profit organizations.
Flexibility : Be flexible with your topic. As you start your research, you may find that your initial topic is too broad, too narrow, or not as interesting as you thought. Don’t be afraid to refine and modify your topic as needed.
Uniqueness : While it’s good to align with current research trends, strive for uniqueness in your topic. Don’t just rehash old studies; instead, seek to contribute something new and meaningful to the field of leadership research.
Practical Implications : Lastly, consider the practical implications of your research. Good research not only contributes to academic knowledge but also has practical applications. Choose a topic that could potentially inform leadership practices in real-world settings.

In conclusion, choosing a topic for a leadership research paper involves careful consideration of your interests, the scope of the paper, available resources, and the potential impact of your research. While the process can be challenging, the result is a topic that you’re passionate about and invested in, which ultimately makes for a higher quality research paper. Remember, the topic you choose sets the foundation for your entire paper, so take the time to choose wisely!

How to Write a Leadership Research Paper

Writing a leadership research paper is an intricate process that requires careful planning, thorough research, and detailed writing. A well-written research paper not only demonstrates your understanding of leadership principles but also your ability to critically analyze information, formulate arguments, and present your ideas in a clear and coherent manner. Below are ten comprehensive steps to guide you in writing an outstanding leadership research paper.

Understanding the Assignment : Before you begin the actual writing process, make sure you understand the assignment requirements. What is the length of the paper? What is the deadline? Are there specific sources or citation styles you need to use? Understanding these requirements will help guide your research and writing process.
Choose a Topic : If you haven’t been assigned a specific topic, use the tips provided in the previous section to choose a suitable topic for your leadership research paper. Make sure it’s a topic you’re interested in and one that is relevant to the course.
Conduct Preliminary Research : Conduct initial research to get an overview of your chosen topic. Use this research to refine your topic and formulate a preliminary thesis statement. This statement will guide your further research and help focus your paper.
Develop a Thesis Statement : Your thesis statement should clearly express the main point or argument of your research paper. It should be concise, specific, and arguable. A good thesis statement will guide your research and provide a roadmap for your paper.
Create an Outline : An outline helps to organize your thoughts and ensure that you cover all the necessary points. It should include an introduction, body paragraphs (each with a sub-point supporting your thesis), and a conclusion. Outlining can also help you identify gaps in your research or arguments.
Conduct In-Depth Research : At this point, dive deeper into your research. Utilize various sources, including books, academic journals, reputable websites, and interviews. Remember to evaluate the credibility of your sources and to take detailed notes, including the source information for citation purposes.
Write the First Draft : Using your outline as a guide, start writing the first draft of your paper. Don’t worry about making it perfect; focus on getting your ideas down first. Start with the body paragraphs, then write the introduction and conclusion.
Revise and Edit : Review your first draft, looking for any inconsistencies, redundancies, or areas that lack clarity. Check the flow of your arguments, the strength of your thesis statement, and the organization of your paper. Also, ensure that each paragraph has a clear topic sentence and that it supports the thesis statement.
Proofread : After revising your content, proofread for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. You can use proofreading software, but also consider reading your paper aloud or having someone else proofread it.
Cite Your Sources : Lastly, properly cite all the sources you used in your paper. Ensure that your in-text citations and reference list comply with the citation style required for your assignment (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago/Turabian, Harvard).

In conclusion, writing a leadership research paper is a step-by-step process that requires thorough research, careful planning, and detailed writing. It may be a challenging task, but it’s also an opportunity to deepen your understanding of leadership and hone your academic writing skills. With commitment, patience, and the right strategies, you can successfully write a high-quality leadership research paper.

iResearchNet Writing Services

For custom leadership research papers.

Every academic journey is unique, with its own set of challenges and needs. At iResearchNet, we understand this, and it is why we offer tailored academic writing services, particularly for those interested in leadership research papers. We are an online academic service, committed to helping students achieve their academic goals. With an expert team, we offer students the chance to order a custom leadership research paper, no matter the topic or complexity. Here are the top 13 features that set iResearchNet apart:

Expert Degree-Holding Writers : iResearchNet is home to a team of professional writers who hold advanced degrees in various fields, including management and leadership. These experts bring a wealth of knowledge and hands-on experience, making them perfectly suited to handle any leadership research paper.
Custom Written Works : We pride ourselves in providing custom written papers. Our expert writers start every assignment from scratch, ensuring each paper is unique, authentic, and specifically tailored to meet the individual needs and expectations of the client.
In-depth Research : Each research paper is built on a foundation of in-depth research. Our writers understand the significance of thorough and detailed research, and they use reliable sources to gather relevant information, ensuring your paper is comprehensive and insightful.
Custom Formatting : We recognize the importance of adhering to the correct academic formatting style. Whether it’s APA, MLA, Chicago/Turabian, or Harvard, our writers are well-versed in all formatting styles and will ensure your paper is properly structured and referenced.
Top Quality : Quality is our top priority at iResearchNet. Every paper we deliver undergoes a rigorous quality check process, ensuring it meets high academic standards. We pay attention to details, including grammar, punctuation, vocabulary, and coherence, to ensure we deliver top-notch papers.
Customized Solutions : iResearchNet is dedicated to providing personalized solutions. We value your input and take into consideration any specific instructions or requirements you may have for your paper. This guarantees a final product that not only meets academic standards but also aligns with your personal preferences.
Flexible Pricing : We believe that getting professional help for your leadership research paper shouldn’t be financially straining. Our pricing system is flexible and affordable, designed to cater to students with different budget ranges.
Short Deadlines : Deadlines are critical in academic settings, and we are committed to honoring them. With the capacity to accommodate short deadlines up to 3 hours, we assure timely delivery of your paper, without compromising quality.
Timely Delivery : At iResearchNet, we understand the consequences of late submissions. Hence, we prioritize timely delivery, ensuring that you receive your paper well ahead of your deadline to give you ample time for review.
24/7 Support : We offer round-the-clock support to ensure your concerns and queries are addressed promptly. Our dedicated customer service team is always ready to assist you, regardless of the time or day.
Absolute Privacy : We uphold a strict privacy policy. All your personal and order information is kept confidential and secure. You can use our services with confidence, knowing that your privacy is protected.
Easy Order Tracking : To keep you updated on the progress of your paper, we offer an easy order tracking system. This feature allows you to monitor the progress of your work and maintain direct communication with your writer.
Money Back Guarantee : Your satisfaction is our primary goal. If, for any reason, you’re not satisfied with the final product, we offer a money back guarantee. This is our commitment to you, our valued customer.

In conclusion, iResearchNet is more than just a writing service. We are a partner committed to helping you excel in your academic journey. With our rich array of features and dedicated services, we ensure you receive a custom leadership research paper that surpasses your expectations. We invite you to take a step towards academic success with iResearchNet – your reliable partner in academia.

Elevate Your Leadership Research with iResearchNet

The pathway to academic success is not always straightforward, but you don’t have to tread it alone. Leadership is a vast and complex field, and developing a high-quality research paper on the subject requires time, effort, and a deep understanding of various leadership theories and principles. With iResearchNet by your side, you can make the process not only manageable but also enjoyable.

At iResearchNet, we excel at helping students elevate their research work, particularly in the field of leadership. Our team of expert writers is well-versed in the wide range of leadership topics and the nuances of writing a compelling and academically rigorous research paper. So, why not take advantage of the expertise and dedication we offer?

Your research paper is a significant part of your academic journey, and we understand how important it is to you. That’s why we’re committed to helping you craft a research paper that not only meets the required academic standards but also captures your unique perspective and understanding of leadership.

Think about how rewarding it will be to submit a research paper that stands out, one that showcases your grasp of leadership concepts, and reflects your analytical abilities. Now, consider how much more feasible this becomes with the help of seasoned professionals who are committed to your academic success.

Make your move now! Engage with iResearchNet, and let us accompany you on your journey to academic excellence. Don’t just settle for the ordinary; strive for the extraordinary. Click on the ‘Order Now’ button, provide us with your paper details, and let’s get started on crafting a leadership research paper that will make a difference in your academic journey. Remember, success in academia is not only about understanding the topics but also about knowing how to present your understanding in a structured and insightful manner.

Elevate your leadership research with iResearchNet. Start now, and experience the difference!

ORDER HIGH QUALITY CUSTOM PAPER

Thesis Helpers

Find the best tips and advice to improve your writing. Or, have a top expert write your paper.

277 Top Leadership Research Topics for Your Thesis

For most students, working on leadership research topics is a fascinating task. That’s because this subject spans different disciplines, including education, management, sociology, politics, and psychology. For this reason, many learners choose these topics when writing college and university papers.

In most cases, educators do not specify the topic for learners. That means every learner must choose or develop a topic for their academic paper. Consequently, learners look for leadership areas that interest them and then pick their leadership paper topics.

Here are pointers for selecting a topic for your leadership essay or paper:

Start by choosing a subject area Narrow down your subject area Focus on leadership, not management Bear the educator’s instructions in mind Aim to answer a question in your subject area

If interested in this subject, here is a list of leadership topics you consider for your papers.

Interesting Dissertation Topics in Educational Leadership

When pursuing a course in educational leadership, educators require learners to complete a dissertation by employing their new learning and professional knowledge. When writing this paper, a learner should demonstrate organization, transformative leadership, and the ability to initiate community change. Here are sample topics in this category.

Interrelation between poor school results and poor leadership
How social media affects educational leadership
Impacts of technology on educational leadership
How leadership in mediocre schools can simulate top performing learning institutions
Effects of the leadership culture on running educational institutions
How to blend strategic teaching methods with efficient organization
How educational leadership affects society
How educational leadership influence researchers and literature
Educational leadership and success path
Educational leadership and social transformation
Educational leadership’s role in society
Can education leadership bring about change?
How to include the community in education leadership
Effectiveness of interdisciplinary teams in the running of the middle schools
Women role in education leadership
How cultural organization affects educational institutions
Diluting racist habits in accredited universities
How to seamlessly pass teachers’ excellence to students
How educational institutions can offer exceptional leadership by thinking outside the box
How to evaluate negative traits of instructors teaching similar subjects
How fighting for leadership positions affect schools and students
How to compassionately develop students with dyslexia
How to strategically blend teaching methods with efficient organization
How culture influences educational institutions’ leadership
How effective educational leadership helps learners achieve academic goals
How educational leadership affect how learners think about their future and intellectual abilities
How teachers can encourage learners to take exams and testing more seriously
Do teachers have adequate training on how to be influential leaders?
Should learning institutions evaluate teachers depending on their leadership abilities?
What changes in training opportunities can encourage teachers to exercise leadership strategies?

Pick any of these educational leadership research topics and investigate them extensively to develop a brilliant dissertation.

Hot Leadership Training Topics

Leadership training is crucial for future and current leaders. Anybody that wants to become a supervisor, manager, or leader at any capacity should undergo some training to cultivate and nurture their skills. Here are some of the best leadership topics to write about in this category.

How organizational leaders can enhance productivity
How company leaders can retain the best employees
How to improve decision making in an organization
How to implement effective leadership styles
How leaders can support succession in their organizations
How to delegate and empower employees
Role of organizational leaders in conflict resolution
How to change management and executive leadership
How leaders can command respect without issuing commands
How leaders can motivate and engage employees
How corporate leaders can enhance interpersonal relationships
How decision skills can streamline organizations and nurture confidence
How leaders can train employees on energy and time management
How leaders can train employees about self-awareness
Practical communication skills for organizational leaders
How leaders can encourage peer-to-peer training
The role of leadership in organizational development
How to design helpful leadership training modules
How to automate corporate learning paths
How to measure results in leadership training
Importance of leadership training
How leaders can deal with organizational change
How leaders can use coaching to enhance employee performance
Qualities of practical leadership training and mentorship programs
How leaders can create a learning culture in an organization
How a company employee can benefit from a leadership course
Which leadership strategies can enhance a team’s performance?
Describe different leadership styles with examples
What leadership training means for a business
Can leadership training affect organizational success?

Any of these topics can be the basis of an excellent paper. However, take your time to research your preferred idea to come up with a high-quality paper.

Trendy Leadership Development Topics for Research

Leadership development entails expanding individuals’ capacity to perform their leadership roles in organizations. Here are topic ideas to consider in this category.

When is leadership coaching necessary?
Who should provide leadership coaching?
Which are the best leadership development opportunities?
How emotional intelligence can enhance leadership development
Describe executive development
How innovation can enhance leadership development
Mentorship for leadership development- How does it work?
Can leaders act as teachers?
Why strategic planning matters when it comes to leadership development
Role of leadership development in team building
How coaching can enhance leadership development
Can leadership development enhance accountability?
Why change management coaching should be part of a leadership development program
How leadership development can turn leaders into negotiators and influencers
How communication skills can enhance leadership development
How organizational leaders can develop creativity
Essential skills to acquire from a leadership development program

Pick any of these topic ideas and then develop them via research to develop a winning paper. Use different information sources to gather relevant information before writing your essay.

Organizational Leadership Dissertation Topics

Organizational leadership is an exciting research field. What’s more, you can use a topic in this category to impact a difference in an organization. And this can enhance your employability when seeking a job. Depending on your dissertation requirements, you can pick and work with any of these topics.

How blended-learning techniques can enhance the critical thinking of organizational leaders
Essential administrative services that hospitality industry leaders should provide
Qualities of charismatic and prevention-oriented leaders for the success of medium-sized enterprises
How leadership behaviors affect the corporate culture
How leadership practices influence the success of an organization
How organizational leadership and culture affect the success of a small enterprise
Why executive leadership is essential in developing countries
Organizational leadership’s role in a multicultural environment
Investigating variations in conventional organizational leadership and charismatic leadership
How leadership quality and training can improve organizational performance
How corporate culture can influence the leadership decisions to try a new business strategy
How a country can produce the organizational leaders it requires
How managers can provide leadership aspirations to subordinates
How global company leaders can influence their overall cultures
How corporate culture impacts a company’s leadership
How assumption-based planning can save money for an organization
How organizational leadership differs from management
How differentiating leadership from management can enhance the achievement of organizational goals
How to evaluate the effects of administration on the organizational performance
How to examine leadership effects and vision clarity on business organizations
How leadership affects organizational performance
How a corporate leader can devise work teams in a company
Impacts of leadership skills on employees performance

Any of these organizational leadership topics can be the basis of a brilliant paper. However, you must research the idea extensively to include relevant information in your writing. That way, your educator and organizational leaders will find your essay worth reading.

Fantastic Women’s Leadership Topics

It’s no secret that studies about women in leadership topics have increased over the years. Perhaps, that’s because women’s status in workplaces has improved recently. Here are brilliant ideas to explore if interested in writing a research paper in this category.

The role of women personality in leadership
What are the primary barriers to women’s leadership?
Society stereotypes that threaten women leadership
How the responsibilities of women differ from those of their counterpart males
How the personality of women leaders differ from that of men
How women’s leadership style differs from that of men
How family responsibilities affect female leaders
Do current male leaders resist female leaders?
Must women leaders outperform their male counterparts to be considered adequate?
How lack of sufficient household support affects women leaders
How women leaders can help in unlocking the full economic potential of a country
How influential women leaders juggle between family and work
How powerful women leaders define work and success
How gender stereotypes affect female leaders
How modern female leaders balance careers and family
How stereotypes shape women leaders’ performance and intellectual identity
Family business success- What is the role of women?
Gender, sex, and leadership
How women can change organizational leadership
How great women leaders can inspire people to take action

Take any of these topics and develop them into an excellent paper through research. The internet is awash with resources that cover women and leadership issues. That means you won’t have a hard time finding relevant information for your topic.

Interesting Leadership Topics

Perhaps, you’re looking for an exciting topic for your research paper or essay. In that case, here are some of the best ideas to explore.

A case study of Bill Gates’ leadership
Motivation and leadership- What’s the difference?
What are the key characteristics of transformational leadership?
Investigating leadership and management across culture
Characteristics and distinctions of management and leadership
Explain radical leadership with examples
Discuss different leadership and management styles
Ethical leadership theories and models
Othello and Machiavelli’s leadership skills
Leadership concepts, according to Kentucky Fried Chicke
Moral and cultural contingencies of leadership
An investigation into team leadership
Discuss the hospitality industry’s leadership and management
How diversity affects the leadership effectiveness
Which are the best leadership practices
Socrates and organizational leadership
Aspects of leadership and team behavior
Leadership and management in business- How they relate
What is ethical leadership?
Leadership as a strategy in human resource and company policies
Leadership and organizational behavior- How they relate
Why is strategic leadership essential in the business environment?
How gender difference affects leadership styles
What is systematic leadership?
Why is civic leadership important?
How negative leadership affects an organization
Leadership role in an organization’s transformational
Classifications of different leadership theories
Theoretical perspectives of organizational leadership
Human resource planning and leadership development
Leadership contingency theories
Military leadership style and coaching combination
Benefits, roles, and limitations of leadership
Supervising and leadership influence on human services
Leadership theories and effective organization change
Discuss various leadership style concepts
Governance and leadership- What’s the difference?
Troubled companies and their leadership
Participative and situational leadership theories
Analyzing the authoritative leadership style
Effective management and leadership strategies
Why strong leadership is crucial in a business organization
Integrating different leadership styles
Leadership and education role modeling
How effective leadership can enhance employees productivity
How managers can motivate employees by serving as their leaders
How political leadership can affect an organization
Leadership role in solving organizational challenges
A critical perspective on leadership and management
Evaluation of John Kennedy and Bill Clinton’s political leadership
An analysis of the most influential leader in the world
Effective leadership learning processes in an organization
Servant and followership leadership
Leadership principles of effective teachers
Analyzing Ciulla Joanne’s The Ethics of Leadership
Is servant leadership effective in school administration?
Creativity and leadership revision
Leadership and motivation theories
The role of leadership in a multinational company
Participative approach versus autocratic leadership
How ethical leadership can influence decision-making
How a company’s leadership can manage change effectively
Innovation and leadership in a business
How transformational leadership can benefit women
Describe the role of leadership in a medical facility
Variations in ethical leadership
Scientific methods for studying leadership
Strategy as leadership and practice
Leadership and service quality
How school governance affects school leadership
How leadership and power relate
Investigating leadership through a behavioral approach
Effective styles for strategic leadership
Strategic leadership- A critical examination
Describe how contingency leadership works
Discuss theorists and theories on leadership
How to develop a leadership strategy in an organization
Why leadership models are valuable
Leadership strategies as success factors
Qualities of effective leadership strategies

These are exciting leadership topics for discussion in an academic paper or essay. Pick an issue in this category and then research it extensively to develop a brilliant piece.

Nursing Leadership Paper Topics

Do you want to write a research paper or essay about nursing leadership? If yes, pick any of these brilliant nursing leadership paper topics.

Strategies for developing nurse leaders
How concept-based learning techniques affect nurse leaders
What are the qualities of the best nurse leaders?
How a nurse leader can manage stress
Criteria for being considered a nurse leader’s mentor
Essential nursing leadership areas to study
Qualities of a practical nursing leadership program
Why nursing leadership is vital in healthcare management
A review of ethical nursing leadership and practice
What are the values of ethical nursing leadership and training?
How to balance nursing leadership and service quality
Nursing leadership fundamentals
The global status of nurse leaders
Practice experience that every nurse leader should exhibit
Nursing leadership from a patient’s perspective
How to apply nursing leadership in a nursing home
A comparison of nursing leadership in an adult ward and a pediatric ward
Vital skills for a nurse leader during an emergency
Challenges facing nursing leaders
What leadership means to nurses
Leadership from a nurse perspective- What does it mean?
Disadvantages of being a nurse leader
What are the inherent nurse leaders’ values?
The role of nurse leaders in public hospitals
Nursing leadership status in private hospitals
How nursing leadership differs in private and public hospitals
Trends in nursing leadership
Assessing nursing leadership in third-world countries
Long and short-term goals for nurse leaders
Activities for enhancing nursing leadership.

Any of these nursing leadership topics can be a great idea for research. However, prepare to investigate your preferred issue to develop an excellent paper. Nevertheless, you can even seek professional assistance if you love the topic but lack adequate time to write about it.

Leadership Speech Topics

Perhaps, you want to write a speech to present to your class or during a business meeting. In that case, this category comprises some of the best leadership presentation topics.

How to be a transformative leader
What makes a strategic leader?
Why organizations need moral leaders
How to lead with inclusion and integrity
Leadership and dissent- Doing the right versus doing something right
Practicing leadership in an inter-agency context
How to make a difference using leadership
Transactional or transformational leadership- What works?
How effective leadership looks like
How to practice effective leadership
How to become a leader
How to lead with compassion
Qualities that every great leader should exhibit
The power of effective leadership
How a leadership vision can propel an organization forward
How to understand and work with followers as a leader
How a leader can adapt and listen to changes in an organization
How consistent efforts make great leaders
Qualities that made great leaders in history
The golden rule of outstanding leadership

These are brilliant leadership discussion topics. However, prepare to research your preferred idea before you write a speech about it. That way, you will come up with a presentation that will move your audience.

Leadership Topics for Managers

Perhaps, you want to write about a leadership issue that managers will find interesting to read. In that case, these leadership research paper topics will interest you.

How managers can develop performance standards and goals
How managers can promote effective discipline
How a manager can improve work habits
How company managements can manage complaints
How a manager can provide performance feedback
Effective conflict resolution techniques for company managers
How a manager can support change in a company
Effective ways for managers to delegate tasks
How to effectively communicate with the upper management
How a manager can train or coach others
Essential leadership skills for managers
How managers can create trust and transparency in their organizations
How managers can encourage individual employees to find personal motivation
How managers can encourage innovation and initiative
How a manager can build self-confidence
Practical time management skills that every manager should have
Body language and public speaking for managers
How company managers can minimize employee complaints
How managers can lower stress among employees
Why training is essential for new managers
Why every manager should know industry-specific regulations
How managers can create an inclusive workforce
How managers can nurture talents and ensure employee retention
What training methods can managers use to empower employees?
Firing and hiring- What should know managers know about these responsibilities?
Which skills should managers cultivate to support company employees?

These are brilliant leadership essay topics for managers. However, you need time to research any of these topics to write a winning paper.

Having an Issue Completing Your Leadership Dissertation?

Whether you need leadership dissertation topics or essay ideas, you have many options to consider. Nevertheless, pick an interesting topic that you’ll enjoy working with, from research to proofreading your paper. But if you have difficulties writing your essay, seek an expert’s writing help online. With cheap, high quality assistance from reliable academic writers, you can have a competent specialist handle this assignment for you from the beginning to the end. And you can impress your educators to accord you the grade you desire. So, if stuck with this assignment, contact the best expert writers for hire to write your paper or essay without breaking a sweat.

Make PhD experience your own

182 Hot Leadership Research Topics For You

Do you have a research paper in leadership, and you are stuck or wondering how to get good grades? The first step is selecting a good topic because it will determine how easy or challenging the rest of the process will be. However, selecting good leadership research topics is always challenging because the subject is very wide. Also, writing a high-quality leadership research paper or even business term papers is tough because it requires good research, analytical, and writing skills – a combination that is rare in many students. So, is there a way to prepare high quality papers and get top grades? The answer is “yes,” and we are here to help. This post digs deeper into leadership research papers to help you understand what they are, how to write them like a pro, and finally highlights 182 hot topics for top grades.

What Is Leadership All About?

Leadership is the art of leading a group of people or an organization. The concept is practiced everywhere you go. It is used in schools, home, politics, businesses, church, and government. Therefore, everyone is expected to develop some leadership skills because he/she will, at some point, become a leader.

To hone their focus and skills in leadership, teachers in college often ask students to prepare leadership research papers. Therefore, these papers do not just test the research and writing skills, but also prepare the student to become the next generation leaders. Note that leadership and management should not be confused. This is a common mistake made by many students. Although the two concepts overlap, they are very different. Leadership mainly relates to visions and beliefs, while management focuses on using specific tools and techniques.

How To Write A Good Leadership Research Paper

Now that you know what leadership is all about, how do you go about writing a great research paper? Here are the main steps to follow:

Step one: Understand the assignment from your teacher. For example, does your teacher want you to focus on a specific area, such as nursing? What about the writing style, the number of words, and the deadline?
Step two: Select the preferred topic. This is a very important stage because it sets the stage for the rest of the paper. Make sure to select a topic that is interesting and fun to work on. Also, check to ensure the topic has ample resources to use.
Step three: Research your topic and develop a thesis statement. Armed with the right topic and resources, it is time to carry intensive research on the topic and gather the points that you will discuss in the paper. You should also develop your thesis statement.
Step four: Create the leadership research paper outline. This is your guide, which highlights the structure of the paper. It also tells you where different points will go in the research paper. Note that the structure might be adjusted slightly to cater for more high-value points or supporting evidence that you might get along the way.
Step five: Write the first draft of the research paper, starting with the introduction, a compelling body, and finally, conclusion.
Step Six: Revise the first draft, confirming that all the points are done well, there is good flow, and the lecturer’s instructions are followed. You might want to ask a friend to help with proofreading so that errors that might have skipped your eyes are also noted.

Many students find writing a research paper challenging. Once you are through with all the six steps, your paper is ready for submission. Next, we will highlight the best leadership research topics that you should consider for your assignment.

Research Questions About Leadership

What is the most effective leadership style and how should it be applied?
How does corruption impact leadership development?
What is the importance of leadership succession in organizations?
What roles do leaders play in empowering others?
What are the main leadership style differences between America and Asia?
Leadership in East Europe and the Far East: What are the main differences?
What distinct leadership features can you identify in Bill Gates’ management style?
Why do followers listen to leaders? Analyzing the speech tactics and patterns.
What are the main differences between baby boomers and millennial leadership styles?
What leadership style is practiced in the Catholic Church?
Diversity in the auto industry leadership: Why is it so important?
Bureaucratic structure in government: What impacts does it have on leadership in government?
What skills does every leader require for success?
Accelerating growth in organizations: What leadership strategies should your organization have?
Cross-cultural leadership style: What are the main challenges?
What is the main difference between being a follower and a leader?
Who are the most influential leaders in history?
What role do ethics play in developing a good leader?
What makes a leader believable?
What are the different types of leadership styles?

Organizational Leadership Topics

How staff characteristics impact a person’s leadership style.
What are the impacts of technology in organization leadership?
Sociological factors and how they impact leadership styles.
Economic and political factors: What impacts do they have in organizational leadership?
Organization culture: Is it an obstacle to effective leadership?
Organization change: How can leadership overcome it to improve the performance of an organization?
Comparing organizational leadership in the 20th and 21st centuries.
Business leadership model: A case study of Virgin Atlantic.
Theory of organizational humanism in leadership: What are the limitations?
Comparing the leadership styles of President Barack Obama to Donald Trump.
Training: How does it impact leadership experience?
Is age an important parameter in determining leadership experience?
A review of top job markets that demand experience in leadership.
Comparing online and in-class training and their effectiveness in building good leaders.
Are leaders born or nurtured?
Can a good leader change and become a bad one?
Comparing Hitler and Clinton leadership styles?
Comparing political leadership to political leadership.
What are the main challenges to good organizational leadership?
Angel Merkel’s leadership style review.

Good Leadership Paper Topics

Organizational behavior and theory.
To what level can personality traits predict an individual’s leadership capabilities?
Leadership values and ethics application in public schools in the UK.
A review of leadership and cultural differences.
Globalization and organizational change.
Women leaders and how they are changing society.
Comparing transformational and transactional leadership.
Developing good international business leadership skills.
Leadership roles: A case study of Apple Incorporation.
Leadership programs in business.
Leadership and communication.
Changing a person’s leadership style.
What are the main challenges faced in leadership?
Clearing path to effective leadership.
Leadership and followership.
Entrepreneurial leadership and management in startups.
A review of theories of leadership development.
Principled leadership in the UK.
Emotional intelligence in organization leadership.
A review of the key functions of a leader.

Unique Leadership Topic Ideas

Should coaching and mentorship be made mandatory for all leaders?
What benefits come with using autocratic leadership in the 21st century?
Charismatic leadership can be very dangerous: Discuss with examples.
Should all leaders enforce affirmative action in their organizations?
Impact of political factors in organization leadership.
What conflict resolution skills does your most preferred world leader depict?
A leader is tested by the challenging situations he/she faced along the way: Discuss.
Strategies you can use to build trust among your followers in an organization.
Managing organizations in the 21st century: What strategies can you use to keep your staff motivated?
Is leadership coaching important in running modern organizations?
Leadership training: Does it always result in good management?
Is pursuing a course in leadership worth it?
Leadership training: How can it benefit an organization?
What qualities should make you pursue a course in leadership training?
If you do not intend to lead an organization, is learning leadership necessary?

Leadership Topics for Discussion

The theme of attractiveness in leadership.
How core competencies of leadership function in the hospitality industry.
How does charismatic leadership theory add to the leadership role in operational excellence?
Globalization impact on leadership in financial institutions.
Reviewing the current principles of leadership perspectives from a global perspective.
The practical role of managing leadership in driving performance of complex organizations.
How effective was female leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic era? A case study of New Zealand.
Reviewing leadership challenges in the management of international football: A case study of Barcelona Football Club.
Analyzing bias in education management: A comparative review of colleges in Europe.
Communication and leadership: A discussion.
Othello’s leadership skills review.
Leadership challenges in modern organizations.

Research Topics for Educational Leadership

Managing US-based universities: How does leadership quality matter?
How does institutional management shape learners as future leaders?
Comparing learning institutions with women versus those with men’s leadership.
What role does educational leadership play in society?
Education leadership and its impact in learners’ career paths.
How does education leadership promote transformation in society?
What role do women play in education leadership?
Teachers’ excellence: Evaluating methods that can be used to pass it to learners.
Analyzing the negative traits of learners and how it impacts students in college.
Fight for leadership positions in colleges: How does it impact students?
How does culture impact the running of universities? A case study of Cambridge University.
Technology impact in running education organizations.
Running educational institutions during a pandemic: A review of Harvard University management model at the height of COVID-19 pandemic.
What are the implications of social media on the management of colleges today?
Reviewing the effectiveness of interdisciplinary teams in the leadership of schools.
Should we include the community in the learning of education organizations?
Use of performance appraisals on the leadership of elementary schools in the UK.
A holistic review of gendered leadership on learning of secondary schools in Asia.
Student performance and parent expectations: The mediating role of education institutions.
Is it possible to learn leadership and management?
Standard testing educational programs: Analyzing their efficiency.

Leadership Dissertation Topics

A thematic review of leadership at Toyota Motors.
Leadership and organization change: A case study of Johnson and Johnson Company.
What is the best leadership strategy during a crisis?
Ethical behavior and leadership: What are the main challenges to law enforcement personnel?
Comparing healthcare leadership in public and private hospitals.
Rethinking organization leadership theories.
The whole-person approach to leadership in organizations.
A review of emerging leadership theories.
The application of transformational leadership in human resources management.
Reviewing the effectiveness of leadership in Early Care and Education organizations.
What leadership styles are most common in manufacturing organizations?
Correction facilities leadership: What are the main shortcomings?
Power balances in leadership structures: A case study of New York police service.
Leadership and management styles in emerging countries.
Is it possible to please everyone in leadership? A literature review.
College performance: Should it form the basis of an individual’s leadership?

Nursing Leadership Paper Topics

Leadership in the operating room: What are the best practices?
A systematic review of nursing leadership in emphasizing that all patients are handled with care and dignity: A case study of UK private hospitals.
A review of the rapidly changing approaches to nursing leadership: A case study of New York hospitals.
Reviewing the leadership role in the changing healthcare priorities in the UK healthcare system.
What is the importance of business acumen in running a healthcare facility?
Gender bias in the nursing profession: what strategies can be used to address it?
Nursing uniform code rules: Are they important in promoting better services in the healthcare industry?
What is the convergent point of the nursing theories and leadership theories?
Do nurse leaders develop their skills before starting or after commencing practice?
What are the best strategies for addressing deficiencies in nursing leadership? A case study of Ireland’s healthcare system.
How effective is the nursing unit in healthcare? A review of a healthcare facility near you.

Leadership Research Paper Topics on Women and Gender

What are the main gender issues that affect women leaders?
What are the main factors that impact women leadership at the workplace?
Why do most countries not have women leadership?
Should all leaders in organizations be required by law to nurture women leaders?
Why do women leaders matter so much in modern society?
Roles of women in their families: How do they impact them as leaders?
Can colleges help nurture more female leaders?
Few women leaders in the US organizations are an indication of inequality in society.
Emotional intelligence: Can it help build more leaders?
Comparing the performance of a women-led and man-led organization.
Germany under the leadership of Angela Merkel: What leadership lessons can we learn?
Involvement of women in political parties: Are you satisfied?
Comparing women leadership in Africa and Asia.
Where do you see women leadership in the next 20 years? Discuss.

Interesting Leadership Paper Ideas

Why should leaders be empathetic?
What qualities make a good leader?
Comparing women and men leadership in the 20th century.
Responsibility: Why it is a critical quality of any leader.
Emotional people: Do they qualify for any leadership?
Selfish leaders: Can they bring any positive change?
Confidence helps to define a true leader.
Leadership skills are needed for one to qualify as a leader.
Can a person develop leadership qualities after getting elected?
How attitude prevents women from seeking top leadership positions.
What leadership qualities do you find in yourself?
The importance of leadership diversity.
Discuss transformational leadership in an organization of your choice.
What effect do leadership styles have on employee performance?
Leadership and team building.
Contemporary issues in modern leadership and management.
A deeper look at the human side of leadership and management.

Controversial Leadership Research Topics

What are the impacts of AI adoption on organization leadership?
Leveraging a culture of transformation: Does it mean that you are supporting people to finally topple you?
Can you achieve results without being coercive at work?
Are there instances where using unethical methods to achieve results can be justified?
Women or men: Who are better leaders?
Being positive: Does it always signify good leadership?
All sectors should be led by people who are highly experienced.
All students pursuing masters should undertake leadership courses.
Public relations students: Do they need to undergo leadership training?
Why do employers insist on hiring employees with good leadership qualities?
Is teamwork important in developing one’s leadership skills?
The best solution for effective leadership.
How do you lead an organization during a crisis?
Benefits that come with leading a team in your organization.
In what situations should leaders be limited?
A review of the United Nations Leadership: What areas do you think are lacking?

Get Help From Research Paper Writing Service

Now that you know the process to use for crafting the best papers for top grades, are you ready to start working on the paper? If you find it challenging because of whatever reasons, it will be a good idea to seek the assistance of professionals in academic writing. These are writers with years of experience helping university students with their assignments, and you can count on them for well-written work. Contact us with a “ do my research paper ” request and get a top grade. At our paper writing service, we work with native writers who carry in-depth analysis of leadership research questions or ideas from clients and deliver top quality custom papers. Even for the topic that you think is too complex, our ENL writers can handle it, creating a comprehensive paper that will guarantee you top grades. Why settle for low grades when our online research paper writing service that guarantees top grades is only a click away! Visit us today to buy custom research paper, plus get all other assignment needs!

Leadership →

26 Mar 2024
Cold Call Podcast

How Do Great Leaders Overcome Adversity?

In the spring of 2021, Raymond Jefferson (MBA 2000) applied for a job in President Joseph Biden’s administration. Ten years earlier, false allegations were used to force him to resign from his prior US government position as assistant secretary of labor for veterans’ employment and training in the Department of Labor. Two employees had accused him of ethical violations in hiring and procurement decisions, including pressuring subordinates into extending contracts to his alleged personal associates. The Deputy Secretary of Labor gave Jefferson four hours to resign or be terminated. Jefferson filed a federal lawsuit against the US government to clear his name, which he pursued for eight years at the expense of his entire life savings. Why, after such a traumatic and debilitating experience, would Jefferson want to pursue a career in government again? Harvard Business School Senior Lecturer Anthony Mayo explores Jefferson’s personal and professional journey from upstate New York to West Point to the Obama administration, how he faced adversity at several junctures in his life, and how resilience and vulnerability shaped his leadership style in the case, "Raymond Jefferson: Trial by Fire."

24 Jan 2024

Why Boeing’s Problems with the 737 MAX Began More Than 25 Years Ago

Aggressive cost cutting and rocky leadership changes have eroded the culture at Boeing, a company once admired for its engineering rigor, says Bill George. What will it take to repair the reputational damage wrought by years of crises involving its 737 MAX?

02 Jan 2024
What Do You Think?

Do Boomerang CEOs Get a Bad Rap?

Several companies have brought back formerly successful CEOs in hopes of breathing new life into their organizations—with mixed results. But are we even measuring the boomerang CEOs' performance properly? asks James Heskett. Open for comment; 0 Comments.

Research & Ideas

10 Trends to Watch in 2024

Employees may seek new approaches to balance, even as leaders consider whether to bring more teams back to offices or make hybrid work even more flexible. These are just a few trends that Harvard Business School faculty members will be following during a year when staffing, climate, and inclusion will likely remain top of mind.

12 Dec 2023

Can Sustainability Drive Innovation at Ferrari?

When Ferrari, the Italian luxury sports car manufacturer, committed to achieving carbon neutrality and to electrifying a large part of its car fleet, investors and employees applauded the new strategy. But among the company’s suppliers, the reaction was mixed. Many were nervous about how this shift would affect their bottom lines. Professor Raffaella Sadun and Ferrari CEO Benedetto Vigna discuss how Ferrari collaborated with suppliers to work toward achieving the company’s goal. They also explore how sustainability can be a catalyst for innovation in the case, “Ferrari: Shifting to Carbon Neutrality.” This episode was recorded live December 4, 2023 in front of a remote studio audience in the Live Online Classroom at Harvard Business School.

05 Dec 2023

Lessons in Decision-Making: Confident People Aren't Always Correct (Except When They Are)

A study of 70,000 decisions by Thomas Graeber and Benjamin Enke finds that self-assurance doesn't necessarily reflect skill. Shrewd decision-making often comes down to how well a person understands the limits of their knowledge. How can managers identify and elevate their best decision-makers?

21 Nov 2023

The Beauty Industry: Products for a Healthy Glow or a Compact for Harm?

Many cosmetics and skincare companies present an image of social consciousness and transformative potential, while profiting from insecurity and excluding broad swaths of people. Geoffrey Jones examines the unsightly reality of the beauty industry.

14 Nov 2023

Do We Underestimate the Importance of Generosity in Leadership?

Management experts applaud leaders who are, among other things, determined, humble, and frugal, but rarely consider whether they are generous. However, executives who share their time, talent, and ideas often give rise to legendary organizations. Does generosity merit further consideration? asks James Heskett. Open for comment; 0 Comments.

24 Oct 2023

From P.T. Barnum to Mary Kay: Lessons From 5 Leaders Who Changed the World

What do Steve Jobs and Sarah Breedlove have in common? Through a series of case studies, Robert Simons explores the unique qualities of visionary leaders and what today's managers can learn from their journeys.

06 Oct 2023

Yes, You Can Radically Change Your Organization in One Week

Skip the committees and the multi-year roadmap. With the right conditions, leaders can confront even complex organizational problems in one week. Frances Frei and Anne Morriss explain how in their book Move Fast and Fix Things.

26 Sep 2023

The PGA Tour and LIV Golf Merger: Competition vs. Cooperation

On June 9, 2022, the first LIV Golf event teed off outside of London. The new tour offered players larger prizes, more flexibility, and ambitions to attract new fans to the sport. Immediately following the official start of that tournament, the PGA Tour announced that all 17 PGA Tour players participating in the LIV Golf event were suspended and ineligible to compete in PGA Tour events. Tensions between the two golf entities continued to rise, as more players “defected” to LIV. Eventually LIV Golf filed an antitrust lawsuit accusing the PGA Tour of anticompetitive practices, and the Department of Justice launched an investigation. Then, in a dramatic turn of events, LIV Golf and the PGA Tour announced that they were merging. Harvard Business School assistant professor Alexander MacKay discusses the competitive, antitrust, and regulatory issues at stake and whether or not the PGA Tour took the right actions in response to LIV Golf’s entry in his case, “LIV Golf.”

01 Aug 2023

As Leaders, Why Do We Continue to Reward A, While Hoping for B?

Companies often encourage the bad behavior that executives publicly rebuke—usually in pursuit of short-term performance. What keeps leaders from truly aligning incentives and goals? asks James Heskett. Open for comment; 0 Comments.

05 Jul 2023

What Kind of Leader Are You? How Three Action Orientations Can Help You Meet the Moment

Executives who confront new challenges with old formulas often fail. The best leaders tailor their approach, recalibrating their "action orientation" to address the problem at hand, says Ryan Raffaelli. He details three action orientations and how leaders can harness them.

How Are Middle Managers Falling Down Most Often on Employee Inclusion?

Companies are struggling to retain employees from underrepresented groups, many of whom don't feel heard in the workplace. What do managers need to do to build truly inclusive teams? asks James Heskett. Open for comment; 0 Comments.

14 Jun 2023

Every Company Should Have These Leaders—or Develop Them if They Don't

Companies need T-shaped leaders, those who can share knowledge across the organization while focusing on their business units, but they should be a mix of visionaries and tacticians. Hise Gibson breaks down the nuances of each leader and how companies can cultivate this talent among their ranks.

Four Steps to Building the Psychological Safety That High-Performing Teams Need

Struggling to spark strategic risk-taking and creative thinking? In the post-pandemic workplace, teams need psychological safety more than ever, and a new analysis by Amy Edmondson highlights the best ways to nurture it.

31 May 2023

From Prison Cell to Nike’s C-Suite: The Journey of Larry Miller

VIDEO: Before leading one of the world’s largest brands, Nike executive Larry Miller served time in prison for murder. In this interview, Miller shares how education helped him escape a life of crime and why employers should give the formerly incarcerated a second chance. Inspired by a Harvard Business School case study.

23 May 2023

The Entrepreneurial Journey of China’s First Private Mental Health Hospital

The city of Wenzhou in southeastern China is home to the country’s largest privately owned mental health hospital group, the Wenzhou Kangning Hospital Co, Ltd. It’s an example of the extraordinary entrepreneurship happening in China’s healthcare space. But after its successful initial public offering (IPO), how will the hospital grow in the future? Harvard Professor of China Studies William C. Kirby highlights the challenges of China’s mental health sector and the means company founder Guan Weili employed to address them in his case, Wenzhou Kangning Hospital: Changing Mental Healthcare in China.

09 May 2023

Can Robin Williams’ Son Help Other Families Heal Addiction and Depression?

Zak Pym Williams, son of comedian and actor Robin Williams, had seen how mental health challenges, such as addiction and depression, had affected past generations of his family. Williams was diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a young adult and he wanted to break the cycle for his children. Although his children were still quite young, he began considering proactive strategies that could help his family’s mental health, and he wanted to share that knowledge with other families. But how can Williams help people actually take advantage of those mental health strategies and services? Professor Lauren Cohen discusses his case, “Weapons of Self Destruction: Zak Pym Williams and the Cultivation of Mental Wellness.”

11 Apr 2023

The First 90 Hours: What New CEOs Should—and Shouldn't—Do to Set the Right Tone

New leaders no longer have the luxury of a 90-day listening tour to get to know an organization, says John Quelch. He offers seven steps to prepare CEOs for a successful start, and three missteps to avoid.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW article

The role of leadership in a digitalized world: a review.

$\nLaura Cortellazzo$

1 Department of Management, Ca' Foscari University, Venice, Italy
2 Department of Business and Management, LUISS Guido Carli University, Rome, Italy

Digital technology has changed organizations in an irreversible way. Like the movable type printing accelerated the evolution of our history, digitalization is shaping organizations, work environment and processes, creating new challenges leaders have to face. Social science scholars have been trying to understand this multifaceted phenomenon, however, findings have accumulated in a fragmented and dispersed fashion across different disciplines, and do not seem to converge within a clear picture. To overcome this shortcoming in the literature and foster clarity and alignment in the academic debate, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the contribution of studies on leadership and digitalization, identifying patterns of thought and findings across various social science disciplines, such as management and psychology. It clarifies key definitions and ideas, highlighting the main theories and findings drawn by scholars. Further, it identifies categories that group papers according to the macro level of analysis (e-leadership and organization, digital tools, ethical issues, and social movements), and micro level of analysis (the role of C-level managers, leader's skills in the digital age, practices for leading virtual teams). Main findings show leaders are key actors in the development of a digital culture: they need to create relationships with multiple and scattered stakeholders, and focus on enabling collaborative processes in complex settings, while attending to pressing ethical concerns. With this research, we contribute to advance theoretically the debate about digital transformation and leadership, offering an extensive and systematic review, and identifying key future research opportunities to advance knowledge in this field.

Introduction

The findings of the latest Eurobarometer survey show the majority of respondents think digitalization has a positive impact on the economy (75 percent), quality of life (67 percent), and society (64 percent) ( European Commission, 2017 ). Indeed, people's daily lives and businesses have been highly transformed by digital technologies in the last years. Digitalization allowed to connect more than 8 billion devices worldwide ( World Economic Forum, 2018 ), modified information value and management, and started to change the nature of organizations, their boundaries, work processes, and relationships ( Davenport and Harris, 2007 ; Lorenz et al., 2015 ; Vidgen et al., 2017 ).

Digital transformation refers to the adoption of a portfolio of technologies that, at varying degrees, have been employed by the majority of firms: Internet (IoT), digital platforms, social media, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Big Data ( Harvard Business Review Analytic Services, 2017 ). These tools and instruments are “rapidly becoming as infrastructural as electricity” ( Cascio and Montealegre, 2016 , p. 350). At macro levels, the shift toward different technologies is setting the agenda for new mechanisms of competition, industry structures, work systems, and relations to emerge. At the micro level, the digitalization has impacted on business dynamics, processes, routines, and skills ( Cascio and Montealegre, 2016 ).

Across different sectors and regardless of organization size, companies are converting their workplaces into digital workplaces. As observed by Haddud and McAllen (2018) , many jobs now involve extensive use of technology, and require the ability to exploit it at a fast pace. Yet, digitalization is being perceived both as a global job destroyer and creator, driving a profound transformation of job requirements. In result, leaders need to invest in upskilling employees, in an effort to support and motivate them in the face of steep learning curves and highly cognitively demanding challenges. Moreover, increased connectivity and information sharing is contributing to breaking hierarchies, functions and organizational boundaries, ultimately leading to the morphing of task-based into more project-based activities, wherein employees are required to directly participate in the creation of new added value. As such, the leadership role has become vital to capture the real value of digitalization, notably by managing and retaining talent via better reaching for, connecting and engaging with employees ( Harvard Business Review Analytic Services, 2017 ; World Economic Forum, 2018 ). However, leaders need to be held accountable for addressing new ethical concerns arising from the dark side of digital transformation. For instance, regarding the exploitation of digitalization processes to inflict information overload onto employees, or to further blur the lines between one's work and personal life.

In the last few decades, leadership scholars have been trying to monitor the effects of digitalization processes. Part of the academic debate has been focused on the role of leaders' ability to integrate the digital transformation into their companies and, at the same time, inspire employees to embrace the change, which is often perceived as a threat to the current status quo ( Gardner et al., 2010 ; Kirkland, 2014 ). To bring clarity to this debate, the construct of e-leader has been introduced to describe a new profile of leaders who constantly interact with technology ( Avolio et al., 2000 ; see also Avolio et al., 2014 for a review). Accordingly, e-leadership is defined as a “social influence process mediated by Advanced Information Technology (AIT) to produce a change in attitudes, feelings, thinking, behavior, and/or performance with individuals, groups, and/or organizations” ( Avolio et al., 2000 , p. 617).

Despite the increasing interest in discussing the relationship between digital technology and leadership, contributions have accumulated in a fragmented fashion across various disciplines. This fragmentation has made scholars struggle “to detect larger patterns of change resulting from the digital transformation” ( Schwarzmüller et al., 2018 , p. 114). It also suggests that scholars have relied on multiple theoretical models to explain the phenomenon. Indeed, if, on one hand, it is clear that organizations are changing due to technological improvements, on the other hand, the way in which the transformation is occurring remains under debate. Furthermore, due to the fast-changing development and implementation of digital technology, there is a need to continuously update and consider the latest contributions to the topic.

This article addresses the aforementioned issues by offering a systematization of the literature on digitalization and leadership that has been accumulating across different disciplines, while adopting an interdisciplinary approach and providing a systematization of articles from different fields that analyze digitalization and leadership. Specifically, the present article reviews the literature on how the advent of digital technologies has changed leaders and leadership roles. Moreover, it structures and summarizes the literature, considering both theoretical frameworks and empirical findings, and fostering the understanding of both the content of the debate and its practical underpinnings. Lastly, reflecting on the findings of this review, we offer suggestions for future directions of research.

The present review draws on the following boundary conditions. First, we relied on a broad definition of leadership, in which the leader is understood as a person who guides a group of people, an organization, or empowers their transformational processes. Second, we excluded studies referring to market or industry leaders, in which the leader is represented by an organization. Third, we considered studies that clearly referred to a digital or technological transformation. Fourth, we did not include studies in which there was not a clear link between information technology and leadership (e.g., city leaders protecting the physical and digital infrastructures of urban economies regarding climate change). Therefore, our review was guided by the following research questions: (i) What are the main theoretical frameworks guiding the academic discussion on digital transformation and leadership? (ii) What are the main categories emerging from the contributions that address the relationship between digital transformation and leadership? And (iii) Which are the main future directions of research that scholars should consider?

This paper is structured as follows: First, it describes the methodology used; Second, it proposes a classification of findings based on theoretical frameworks and content. Finally, it describes implications of our findings for both research and practice, and proposes directions for future research.

Research Design

The aim of this paper is to investigate how the debate on digital transformation and leadership has evolved in recent years, to identify key theories and findings, and to propose potential future directions of research. To answer our research questions, we use a mixed method approach, that involves both quantitative research through standard databases and qualitative coding ( Crossan and Apaydin, 2010 ; Peteraf et al., 2013 ; Zupic and Čater, 2015 ).

Data Collection

We collected papers from the Scopus database, one of the most widely used sources of scientific literature ( Zupic and Čater, 2015 ). We also checked Web of Science and Ebsco databases in order to avoid missing articles. Because we did not find any relevant distinction between these databases regarding this topic, we chose to use Scopus only. We firstly accessed the database on September 1st, 2018.

Since our research questions concerned the academic discussion on digital transformation and leadership, the scope of our search was limited to academic articles (not only from peer-reviewed journals but also from unpublished sources, such as unpublished manuscripts). Non-academic books and other publications were outside the scope of our study and were therefore excluded from our search. Our initial search was undertaken using the basic keywords: leader * AND digital * OR e-leader * . The keywords were used as a selection criterion for the topic (title, keywords, or abstract). We searched peer-reviewed papers published in English, in journals focusing on the following subject areas: Business, Management, and Accounting; Psychology; and Social Science, without any additional selection restrictions. We decided to scan articles published in other areas than Business and Management since the topic is covered by several disciplines. These criteria resulted in an initial sample of 790 articles. The following figure ( Figure 1 ) shows how the debate grew since 2000, and significantly expanded since 2015.

Figure 1 . Growth of articles on leadership and digitalization.

In order to avoid a potential publication bias ( O'Boyle et al., 2017 ), and to scan recent studies that might not have had the time to go through the entire publication process, we performed a search within conference proceedings since 2015, using the same aforementioned criteria. The initial sample comprised 113 articles.

The second step within our data collection process involved a qualitative selection of articles. We first considered publications with at least one citation among those published before 2013, seen that the number of citations is a common criterion of scientific rigor and impact in academia ( Garfield, 1979 , 2004 ; Peteraf et al., 2013 ). As citation-based methods may discriminate against recent publications ( Crossan and Apaydin, 2010 ), we kept all papers published after 2013. Based on the assumption that top journals publish high quality papers, we discarded studies that were not included within the first 200 journals appearing in the Scimago list within the Management and Business, Social Science, and Psychology areas. Then, both peer-reviewed articles and conference proceedings were filtered based on the assessment of whether the abstracts were in alignment with the topic and the boundary conditions. Articles were selected based on the following criteria: (i) the leader was a person who guides a group, organization, or empowers their transformational processes; (ii) there was a clear reference to digital or technological transformation; (iii) there was a clear link between information technology and leadership. Articles that focused on either digital transformation or leadership only were excluded, as well as papers that were outside our boundary conditions, such as studies on industry leaders using digital platforms. Figure 2 summarizes the selection criteria and the boundary conditions used to scan the articles. The search criteria resulted in a final dataset of 54 studies.

Figure 2 . Search strategy and selection criteria.

Data Analysis and Qualitative Coding

To attain a “systematic, transparent and reproducible review process” ( Zupic and Čater, 2015 , p. 429), and identify research streams and seminal works, we first performed a bibliometric analysis of the initial dataset of 790 articles. In order to map the origin and evolution of the academic debate on digital transformation and leadership, a systematic coding analysis was conducted on the entire set of articles. Then, the iterative reading and discussion of the final dataset of articles highlighted the following emerging categories that guided our analysis ( Strauss and Corbin, 1998 ): (i) theoretical or empirical papers; (ii) research methodology; (iii) level of analysis (micro and macro); (iv) definition of leadership and digitalization; (v) main themes or objectives of the article; (v) main underlying theories; (vi) field of study (e.g., Management and Planning, Economics and Business, Psychology and so forth). Based on this coding scheme, the three authors independently read and coded all articles. Subsequently, they discussed their coding attribution until an agreement on the final coding of each article was reached.

Dataset Description

The final database comprises 54 articles, of which 42 are peer-reviewed papers published by 33 journals, while the remaining 12 papers are conference proceedings (see Table 1 ).

Table 1 . Dataset citations, source, level of analysis and empirical/theoretical approach.

Regarding the peer reviewed articles in our dataset, most of them stem from Economic, Business and Management (22 articles), and Information and Communication Sciences (10 articles). Only three studies come from the Psychology discipline. As for the sources wherein these articles are published, we count two journals that specifically address the leadership field, such as “The Leadership Quarterly” and “Strategy and Leadership”, whereas the remaining 31 other journals are spread across areas such as Economics, Business and Management, Information and Communication Sciences, Psychology, Educational, Heath and Political Sciences. The novelty of the topic and the breadth of journals in which it is published confirms that the field of digital transformation and leadership has garnered interest from several difference disciplines. Such fragmentation of the literature and the different perspectives it has enabled, justifies the need for systematization and alignment of future research.

As for the conference proceedings, half of the articles come from international and peer-reviewed conferences advancing the debate of digital transformation in business, such as the International Conference on Electronic Business, the Scandinavian Conference on Information Systems, the IEEE Conference on e-Learning, e-Management and e-Services.

Among the top five most cited articles in our sample, three come from journals that specifically relate to Human Resources: “Leadership Quarterly” and “Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes.” In these articles the authors focus on the characteristics of digital leaders in terms of roles and behaviors, stressing the idea that technology is deeply changing the way in which leaders conceive communication and cope with their followers ( Avolio et al., 2000 , 2014 ; Horner-Long and Schoenberg, 2002 ; Hambley et al., 2007 ).

As shown in Figure 1 , the early 2000s witnessed an initial interest in the topic, when pioneering work began to consider the changes that digitalization brings in the area of leadership and how the concept and practice of leadership are affected by new technologies ( Avolio et al., 2000 ; Coutu, 2000 ). However, it has been mostly over the last decade that the topic garnered seesawing attention. It is plausible to assert that the much stronger impact that technological development has had within organizations recently, and the expectation that technological evolution will be even more disruptive in the near future, has accelerated the interest on the topic. Indeed, while all peer-reviewed articles in our sample are from 2000 on, 60 percent were published after 2014. As for conference proceedings, we only considered the contributions presented after 2015 in order to understand how the debate has been developing in recent years.

Regarding the level of analysis (micro vs. macro), the majority of contributions within our sample are at the micro-level (30 articles), while 24 adopt a macro perspective. Within the latter, it is interesting to notice that a considerable number of articles do not pertain to the management field. As to the type of contribution, the majority of articles in our sample (37) are empirical studies, while only a few articles are conceptual. This imbalance reveals there is still a lack of theorization about the impact of technology on leadership. Nevertheless, in the next session we systematize the main theoretical frameworks that have been used to address this topic.

Main Theoretical Frameworks

The analysis of the theoretical content of our dataset highlighted that only a small set of studies explicitly refers to the extant theoretical frameworks describing the impact of digital transformation on leadership. Advanced information technologies theory ( Huber, 1990 ), according to which the adoption of information technologies influences changes in organization structure, information use, and decision-making processes, is used as common ground. Scholars agree on the high impact of technology in leadership behavior and identify Information Technologies (IT) developments as a driver for creating disruptive changes in businesses and in leadership roles across different organizational functions ( Bartol and Liu, 2002 ; Geoffrion, 2002 ; Weiner et al., 2015 ; Sousa and Rocha, 2018 ). These changes are so dramatic that scholars started to adopt a new terminology to characterize the e-world, e-business and e-organizations ( Horner-Long and Schoenberg, 2002 ). Recent studies have been discussing the notion of digital ubiquity ( Gerth and Peppard, 2016 ; Schwarzmüller et al., 2018 ), describing the pervasive proliferation of technology ( Roman et al., 2018 ). With this term, scholars refer to a context in which technological equipment is prevalent and constantly interacts with humans. It describes a scenario in which “computer sensors (such as radio frequency identification tags, wearable technology, smart watches) and other equipment (tablets, mobile devices) are unified with various objects, people, information, and computers as well as the physical environment” ( Cascio and Montealegre, 2016 , p. 350).

In terms of leadership theoretical frameworks, scholars seem to turn to a plethora of different theories and definitions. Horner-Long and Schoenberg (2002) contrapose two main theoretical approaches: universal theories and contingency theories. The former supports the view that leaders differ from other individuals due to a generic set of leadership traits and behaviors which can be applied to all organizations and business environments (see for example Lord et al., 1986 ; Kirkpatrick and Locke, 1991 ). The latter argues that, in order to be effective, leadership should adopt a style and behaviors that match the context (e.g., Tannenbaum and Schmidt, 1973 ; Goleman, 2000 ). The authors empirically explore leadership profile characteristics, comparing e-business leaders and leaders from traditional bricks and mortar organizations. Results do not clearly support any of the two approaches. They suggest that in both contexts most of leadership characteristics are equally valued. However, certain characteristics distinguish e-world leaders from leaders in traditional industries. While Horner-Long and Schoenberg (2002) analyze leader profile differences across industries, Richardson and Sterrett (2018) adopt a longitudinal design, exploring how digital innovations influenced the role of technology-savvy K-12 district leaders across time. They base their work on a unified model of effective leadership practices that influence learning ( Hitt and Tucker, 2016 ). Although the leadership practice model is maintained across time, the authors recognize some shifts in the way those practices are implemented.

Only Obschonka et al. (2017) specifically adopt a universal perspective, drawing from trait approach theory ( Stogdill, 1974 ). By analyzing the language used to communicate via Twitter, the authors identify the personality characteristics that distinguish the most successful managers and entrepreneurs.

Heinz et al. (2006) follow a contingency approach, emphasizing the need to take into account the context and consider situational aspects that can influence leadership and cooperation practices.

Most studies in our sample assume that the change in context due to technological advancement may influence leadership. According to Lu et al. (2014 , p. 55), it cannot be assumed that “leadership skills identified in offline context should be transferred to virtual leadership without any adjustment.”

However, some authors make this assumption tacitly (e.g., Schwarzmüller et al., 2018 ), without explicitly addressing any related theoretical framework. Bolden and O'Regan (2016 , p. 439) report that “there is no one approach to leadership,” since leadership is context specific and must to be adapted to the needs of the day. Similarly, Lu et al. (2014) maintain that effective leadership behaviors are determined by the situation in which leadership is developed.

To address the diversity of situations and contexts, Jawadi et al. (2013) overcome the limits of a pure contingency approach and embrace complexity, adopting the framework of leadership behavioral complexity theory ( Denison et al., 1995 ). In a context characterized by complex and unanticipated demands, a leader needs to develop a behavioral repertoire that allows dealing with contradictory and paradoxical situations ( Denison et al., 1995 ). As contingencies are evolving so rapidly as to be considered in a state of flux, an effective leader needs to be able to conceive and perform multiple behaviors and roles.

Avolio et al. (2000 , 2014 ), make a step forward in defining the role of context.

Similarly to Bartol and Liu (2002) , the authors adopt a structurational perspective (Adaptive Structure Theory) (AST; DeSanctis and Poole, 1994 ) as the main theoretical framework. According to their point of view, digital technologies and leadership reciprocally influence and change each other in a recursive relationship. In their perspective, not only technology influences leadership, but also leaders appropriate technology, and it is through the interaction between information technology and organizational structures that the effect of technology on individuals, groups, and organizations emerges. In this view, the context is not only shaping and shaped by leaders; it is part and parcel of the construct of e-leadership itself. Avolio et al. (2000 , 2014 ) remarkably paved the way for the conceptualization of e-leadership, which has since been adopted by many other authors to inform their studies ( Avolio et al., 2000 ; Lynn Pulley and Sessa, 2001 ; Roman et al., 2018 ).

Similarly, Orlikowski (1992) develop a Structurational Model of Technology, whereby technology influences the context in which actors perform but is also designed and socially constructed by its users ( Van Outvorst et al., 2017 ).

Looking at leaders' relationships with their teams, scholars refer to the following main theories: transactional leadership theory, transformational leadership theory ( Burns, 1978 ; Bass, 1981 , 1985 ), and leader-member exchange theory (LMX; Graen and Scandura, 1987 ). Transactional and transformational leadership are among the most influential and discussed behavioral leadership theories of the last decade ( Diaz-Saenz, 2011 ). They distinguish transformational leaders, who focus on motivating and inspiring followers to perform above expectations, from transactional leaders, who perceive the relationship with followers as an exchange process, in which follower compliance is gained through contingent reinforcement and rewards ( Bass, 1985 ). Previous studies reveal that leadership styles may influence virtual team interactions and performance (e.g., Sosik et al., 1997 ; Sosik et al., 1998 ; Kahai and Avolio, 2006 ). As such, Hambley et al. (2007) explore the effects of transactional and transformational leadership on team interactions and outcomes, comparing teams interactions across different communication media: face-to-face, desktop videoconference, or text-based chat. Likewise, Lu et al. (2014) compare virtual and offline interactions, drawing on transactional and transformational leadership theories to understand whether leadership styles of individuals playing in Massive Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs) can be associated to their leadership status in offline contexts. However, this association is found to be significant only with offline leadership roles in voluntary organizations, not in companies. Results in Hambley et al. (2007) also show that the association between leadership style and team interaction and performance does not depend on the communication medium being used.

While transactional and transformational leadership theories adopt a behavioral perspective in which the focal point is the leader behavior with regards to the follower, leader-member exchange theory (LMX) introduces a dyadic point of view. Leader-member exchange theory focuses on the nature and quality of the relationship between leaders and their team members. The quality of this relationship, which is characterized by trust, respect, and mutual obligation, is thought to predict individual, group and organizational outcomes ( Gerstner and Day, 1997 ). Jawadi et al. (2013) use the concept of leader-member exchange as a dependent variable, exploring how multiple leadership roles influence cooperative and collaborative relationships in virtual teams. Bartol and Liu (2002) build on leader-member exchange theory to suggest policies and practices HRM professionals can use to implement IT-information sharing and positively influence employee perceptions.

The democratization of informational power gave momentum to distributed power dynamics. Moving beyond the centrality of the sole vertical leader, the shared leadership approach emphasizes the role of teams as potential source of leadership ( Pearce, 2004 ; Ensley et al., 2006 ; Pearce et al., 2009 ). Shared leadership is “a manifestation of fully developed empowerment in teams” ( Pearce, 2004 , p. 48) in which leadership behaviors that “guide, structure, or facilitate the group may be performed by more than one individual, and different individuals may perform the same leadership behaviors at different times” ( Carte et al., 2006 : p. 325).

Acknowledging the relevance of increased connectivity in the digital era, some studies underscore the importance to take into account a network perspective. Lynn Pulley and Sessa (2001) contrapose the industrial economy to the current networked economy. Bartol and Liu (2002) define networked organizations as those organizations characterized by three major types of connectivity: inter-organizational (also known as boundaryless; Nohria and Berkley, 1994 ), intra-organizational, and extra-organizational. Kodama (2007) views the organization as the integration of different types of networked strategic communities, wherein knowledge is shared and assessed. Sullivan et al. (2015) use a network representation to depict shared leadership. Gordon (2007) explores how the network is embedded in the concept of web that is currently accepted.

The Macro Perspective of Analysis: Main Categories

The studies on digitalization and leadership that adopt a macro-perspective of analysis can be classified in four different categories, according to whether they focus on: (1) The relationship between e-leaders and organizations; (2) How leaders adopt technology to solve complex organizational problems; (3) The impact of digital technologies on ethical leadership; or (4) The leader's use of digital technologies to influence social movements.

The Relationship Between E-Leaders and Organizations

The studies within our sample that take a macro or organizational-level approach are considerably less than those which investigate the micro dynamics occurring within organizations. A summary is shown in Table 2 . This imbalance is probably due to the relatively greater urgency and challenge to understand the role of leaders and leadership in guiding and implementing the digitalization process within organizations, rather than what new forms of organizations are emerging as a result of the digital transformation. As observed by a recent Harvard Business Review Analytic Services report (2017 ), leaders have increasingly become the key players in driving positive results from the investments on digital tools and technologies.

Table 2 . Main categories summary.

In the last few years, scholars have begun to adopt the construct of e-leader in order to specifically refer to those leaders who have initiated a massive process of digitalization in their organizations. Despite the call to understand how organizations and e-leaders are intertwined, few studies provide an empirical explanation of the new organizational configurations emerging from the interaction between technology and the human/social system. Berman and Korsten (2014) is one among the few. By surveying a large sample of CEOs, running companies of different sizes and across 64 countries and 18 industries, the authors showed that outperforming organizations had leaders that created open, connected and highly collaborative organizational cultures. The authors suggest future leaders should base their organizations on three pillars: (1) Assuring a highly connected and open working environment at any hierarchical levels and units in organizations; (2) Engaging customers by gathering knowledge about the whole person; and (3) Establishing more integrated and networked relationships with partners and competitors ( Berman and Korsten, 2014 ). They posit these three pillars transform the organizations at all levels. This implies organizations are becoming boundaryless, at both the internal and external levels. Further, the organizational structure is no longer a static feature, but an ongoing process ( Van Outvorst et al., 2017 ). While a shift toward an ecological perspective— one where organizations' boundaries are loose and permeable—requires higher coordination, collaboration and individual responsibility, it also enhances innovative capabilities ( Lynn Pulley and Sessa, 2001 ). According to Kodama (2007) , managers at any level can foster innovation if they go beyond the formal organization, to create real or virtual networks among internal and/or external communities of practice. These communities of practice enable a more agile response to change, promoting the free-flow of information and breaking down information silos ( Petrucci and Rivera, 2018 ), thereby empowering both managers and employees to integrate, transform and stimulate knowledge that fosters innovation. This way, information and communication technology enables the creation of shared information pools wherein diverse staff across the organization contribute to a collaborative and dynamic process of idea generation. Moreover, such co-generation of ideas and knowledge cultivates stronger relationships between disparate organizational units, further facilitating open innovation processes ( Henttonen et al., 2012 ).

In sum, by breaking the organizational boundaries within and between internal and external stakeholders, the traditional leader-centered information and decision-making process is giving way to novel processes that democratize access to information and share decision power among all parties involved.

Digital Tools and Organizations: How Technology Enhances the Optimization of Complex Organizational Environments

Although most papers adopting a macro perspective reflect on the novel structures of organizations, they tend to underestimate the effect of digital transformation on organizational processes. That is, however, not the case with Weiner et al. (2015) , who discuss how the effective achievement of operational goals relies on the fit between strategic planning and information technology, particularly in operationally complex organizations, such as hospitals. Their empirical study shows that digital tools could highly contribute in the planning and monitoring of internal processes, increasing the transparency and accountability across all levels of management, and engaging customers' trust. For instance, the intelligent use of data through sophisticated digital tools, allowed hospitals administrators to lead improvements in decision-making processes and service quality by enhancing the usage of traditional management tools, such as key performance indicators (KPIs), and storage of critical data, namely on infections and diseases. Notably, this study offers empirical evidence on the need to adopt digital technology to develop efficient internal organizational processes and guarantee high quality service to customers. In another empirical study conducted in a hospital, the authors confirmed that the use of digital tools helped leaders solve complex issues related to personnel and operational costs. Similarly to the previous study aforementioned, data were used to re-design the entire organization with the aim of optimizing the efficiency in the use of both facilities and processes ( Morgareidge et al., 2014 ).

Leaders are responsible for verifying the suitability of technological tools being adopted or implemented in relation to the organizational needs and objectives. Moreover, while we acknowledge that digital technologies hold the potential for improving the efficiency of organizational processes, we contend that they need to be internalized and integrated within employees' routine tasks in order for organizations to minimize attritions from their adoption and fully capture its benefits.

Organizations and Ethics

Ethics in leadership roles has been an issue of concern to scholars especially since the emergence of the transformational leadership paradigm ( Burns, 1978 ; Bass and Avolio, 1993 ). In general, ethical leadership is defined as “the demonstration of normatively appropriate conduct through personal actions and interpersonal relationships, and the promotion of such conduct to followers through two-way communication, reinforcement, and decision-making” ( Brown et al., 2005 , p. 120). With the advent of digital transformation and the massive use of data, scholars have begun to call into question the integrity of leaders. Indeed, the use of data and technologies exposes leaders to new dilemmas, which nature is intertwined with ethical concerns. For instance, the use of sensitive data is driving leaders' increased concerns about privacy protection and controlling mechanisms in the workplace ( Kidwell and Sprague, 2009 ). Electronic surveillance (ES) is a way to collect data about employees and their behavior, so as to improve productivity and monitor behaviors in the workplace ( Kidwell and Sprague, 2009 ). ES rules vary across countries and cultures. For instance, the US Supreme Court of Justice obliged employers to adopt ES to monitor employees in order to prevent sexual harassment ( Kidwell and Sprague, 2009 ). Notwithstanding, Europe has been more concerned with individual privacy. Notably, in 1986, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) approved a declaration on social aspects of technological change, whereby member states “were concerned that employers and unions ensure that workers' privacy be protected when technological change occurs” ( Kidwell and Sprague, 2009 , p. 199). Perhaps the boldest manifestation of this concern is the recently adopted EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which has just come into force the past May 25th, 2019.

In this scenario, leaders are required to set clear guidelines and practices that lie within national and international data security policies. In particular, they need to monitor the use of personal sensitive data, if not for the ethical concern per se , because if otherwise caught in unlawful data practices, their organizations' reputation, trustworthiness, and brand image could suffer irreparable damage (e.g., the recent scandal of Cambridge Analytica about an inappropriate use of personal data, has affected the reputation of all organizations involved) ( Gheni et al., 2016 ; Jones, 2017 ). Leaders also need to set clear expectations for employees and act as role models for all members of the organization in order to clarify what ethical behavior regarding personal sensitive data looks like. This is especially true for organizations that strongly rely on virtual communications, as these tend to stimulate more aggressive and unethical behavior, due to their lack of face-to-face interactions ( Gheni et al., 2016 ). Leaders, therefore, have a pivotal role in weeding out potential unethical behaviors from their organizations.

Finally, an emerging topic in leadership concerns the unlawful appropriation of technology from private and public organizations. Specifically, it refers to situations wherein technology is used for purposes other than those it had originally been intended ( Jones, 2017 ). For instance, improper use of technology may result in unauthorized access to data and lead to cyber security breaches ( Jones, 2017 ).

Despite the interdisciplinary relevance of ethics, the debate of ethical concerns within e-leadership seems to be currently confined to the literature on governance and information technology. Yet, there is room for more theoretical and empirical discussion about how ethics is affecting power relations, surveillance, safety perceptions in the workplace, and human resource processes.

Leadership and Digital Tools: Insights From Social Movement Studies

A complementary perspective of leadership and digitalization is provided by several recent studies that analyze social and political events, in particular grassroots movements such as the Occupy and Tea Party ( Agarwal et al., 2014 ), the Umbrella Movement in China ( Lee and Man Chan, 2016 ) and the political tensions in Russia ( Toepfl, 2018 ). These contributions share the notion of leader as someone who directs collective action and creates collective identities ( Morris and Staggenborg, 2004 ). These studies, mainly rooted in communication and political sciences, are certainly relevant to our review as they shed light on the social nature of leadership in the new digital era.

These studies focus on how social media and digital tools are disrupting traditional forms of leadership, altering the structure, norms and hierarchy of organizations, and creating new practices to manage and sustain consensus ( David and Baden, 2018 ). New forms of leadership are for instance defined as horizontal and leaderless ( Castells, 2012 ; Bennett and Segerberg, 2013 ). The horizontality defines movements and groups in which authority is dismissed, whereas leaderless points to the lack of power stratification among the participants ( Sitrin, 2006 ; Gerbaudo, 2017 ).

In a similar vein, recent studies looking at the use of digital tools by participants in social movements, observe how power struggles were changed by new information and communication technologies (ICTs): “ICTs have transformed the power dynamics of social movement politics by challenging traditional forms of [social] organizations” ( Agarwal et al., 2014 , p. 327).

The single case study of the ultra-orthodox community illustrates for instance how authoritarian leadership can be broken down by digital tools and social media ( David and Baden, 2018 ). When the leadership of a closed and conservative religious community is questioned in social media, that creates a new space to renegotiate the community's boundaries and modify its power dynamics: “the fluidity and temporality of digital media have advanced to become an influential, independent factor shaping community opinion” ( David and Baden, 2018 , p. 14). As such, the identity of a closed and inaccessible community and its leadership are challenged by both internal and external actors through the use of digital media.

The study of different digital tools is also considered a relevant subject matter to gain understanding about what tools are more efficient in organizing and mobilizing resources ( Agarwal et al., 2014 ). Technology and digital tools are not value-neutral nor value free, because they influence how people organize, coordinate, and communicate with others ( Hughes, 2004 ; Agarwal et al., 2014 ). For instance, the study on the Russian activists shows how the long-term success of the movement was a result of a centralized, formalized and stable network, wherein its leading representatives and other members were bonded together by a new digital tool ( Toepfl, 2018 ). The use of digital instruments enabled the transformation of an organization that was initially chaotic into a more structured one, as they facilitated the discussion and coordination between the leader and its followers ( Toepfl, 2018 ). This resulted in a more efficient and effective way to achieve consensus.

Taken together, these studies show how technology is far from being a neutral instrument. Rather, digital tools influence power dynamics in any type of organization (e.g., flat, bureaucratic or networked), and at any level. If on one hand, digital tools can lead to the de-structuring of extant hierarchies and challenge organizational boundaries and rules, on the other hand, they can be used as communication and coordination mechanisms that allow leaders to build structured networks from scratch and, through them, reinforce their power.

In sum, these studies stress that, despite the participatory dynamics that characterize social movements, power struggles and hierarchies are still the underlying forces that bond heterogenous groups of people together. Leaders are then the key actors in identifying objectives, orienting followers, and providing a clear identity to organizations, by means of a shared vision ( Gerbaudo, 2017 ; Bakardjieva et al., 2018 ).

The Micro Level of Analysis: Main Categories

The studies that adopt a micro-perspective to the topic of leadership and digital technology can be classified in three different categories, depending on whether they focus on: (1) The increased complexity of C-level roles; (2) The skills e-leaders need; and (3) The practices for leading virtual teams effectively.

The Evolution of C-Level Roles

The huge impact that digitalization has had in the competitive business environment, transforming markets, players, distribution channels, and relationships with customers, has made it necessary for organizations to adopt a high-level strategic view on digital transformation. New responsibilities on the selection of digital technologies that will drive an organization's ability to remain competitive in a highly digitized world, are given mainly to its CEO ( Gerth and Peppard, 2016 ). CEOs in the Digital Age assume the additional role of digital change agents and digital enablers, implying that they should recognize the opportunities offered by new technologies, and also push for their implementation. As suggested by Avolio et al. (2000) , e-leaders have a fundamental role in appropriating the right technology that is suitable to their organizations' needs, but also in transmitting a positive attitude to employees about their adopting of new technology. CEOs are required to instill a digital culture into the top management team, involving it in actively sustain a digital change inside the organization ( Gerth and Peppard, 2016 ). For this matter, a greater interaction is needed between the CEO and the Chief Information Officer (CIO), who will increasingly become a key player in the digital strategy definition and implementation, rather stay confined to an “IT-is-a-mess-now-fix-it” flavor of a role ( Gerth and Peppard, 2016 ; Bekkhus and Hallikainen, 2017 ). Bekkhus and Hallikainen (2017) acknowledge an increased ambidexterity in the role of CIOs and develop a toolbox related to their role as gatekeepers and contributors. In order to reach their goals successfully, CIOs need to have a clear picture of both the characteristics of the digital strategy and the organizational needs it is supposed to satisfy. They should also carefully evaluate the readiness of the organization in every step of the changing process in order to adopt the proper pace. To avoid IT project failures, CEOs need to facilitate the recognition of the CIO's role, as well as promote collaboration between the CIO and other top managers ( Bygstad et al., 2017 ).

As described before, digital technologies are not only used to support internal processes, but are also a way to build relationships with different actors in the external environment. Social media platforms in particular, are de facto powerful tools that C-level executives use to build communications channels with their followers ( Obschonka et al., 2017 ). In a study analyzing the rhetoric of CEOs in social media, Grafström and Falkman (2017) suggest that CEOs' willingness and ability to construct a continuative dialogue through digital channels is a powerful way not only to manage organizational crisis but also to sustain the reputation and the image of the organization, positioning the brand and communicating the organizational values. Thus, as Tsai and Men (2017) unveil, by properly using social media, CEOs, as organizational leaders and spokespersons, can build trust, satisfaction and advocacy among their followers. According to the authors, digital technologies, and social media in particular, support CEOs in becoming “Chief Engagement Officers [who develop] meaningful interpersonal interactions and relationships with today's media savvy publics” ( Tsai and Men, 2017 , p. 1859). Even if CEOs have always been considered the personification of the organization, the rising need for transparency and authenticity has led CEOs to embrace the task of visible, approachable and social leaders who actively contribute to the engagement of followers and costumers ( Tsai and Men, 2017 ).

In sum, C-level managers are faced with higher complexity of roles, related not only to new responsibilities in the digital strategy development, but also in the engagement of stakeholders across the organization's boundaries.

Leaders' Skills in the Digital Era

Defining what skills characterize leaders in the digital era has become a matter of interest in the literature. Studies analyze what are the relevant skills e-leaders should display in order to be effective. In line with the debate on universal and contingency theories, scholars ask to what extent the skills leaders need in order to lead e-businesses differ from the ones needed in traditional organizations ( Horner-Long and Schoenberg, 2002 ). Most studies are based on expert surveys that engage with digital experts, managers, CEOs and Managing Directors of e-businesses ( Lynn Pulley and Sessa, 2001 ; Horner-Long and Schoenberg, 2002 ; Schwarzmüller et al., 2018 ; Sousa and Rocha, 2018 ). A few studies also integrate expert surveys with interviews to IT specialists ( Sousa and Rocha, 2018 ) and C-level managers ( Horner-Long and Schoenberg, 2002 ).

Scholars agree that the introduction of digital tools affects the design of work, and, particularly, how people work together ( Barley, 2015 ; Schwarzmüller et al., 2018 ). For example, digitalization opens up new possibilities such as virtual teams and smart working, introduces new communication tools, increases speed and information access, influences power structures, and increases efficiency and standardization. In order to steer organizations and help them reap the benefits from such digital transformations, leaders may need to develop a variety of different skills. We present below the main skills leaders need in the digital transformation era that have been highlighted in the literature.

Communicating through digital media

Global connectivity and fast exchange of information have created a much more competitive and turbulent environment for e-businesses, which must deal with rapid and discontinuous changes in demand, competition and technology ( Horner-Long and Schoenberg, 2002 ). Scholars agree that the need for speed, flexibility, and easier access to information has facilitated the adoption of flatter and more decentralized organizational structures ( Horner-Long and Schoenberg, 2002 ). In the digital context, knowledge and information become more visible and easier to share, allowing followers to gain more autonomy ( Schwarzmüller et al., 2018 ) and to make their voices heard at all levels of the organization ( Lynn Pulley and Sessa, 2001 ). As information becomes more distributed within the organization, power tends to be decentralized. Digital transformation allows real-time involvement of followers in many decision processes, increasing their participation. Therefore, leaders are expected to adopt a more inclusive style of leading ( Schwarzmüller et al., 2018 ), asking for and taking into account followers' ideas into everyday decision making, using a two-way communication and interaction. Scholars maintain that followers' higher autonomy and participation can lead to a higher sense of responsibility for the work they are accountable for. This in turn should reduce the need for control-seeking behaviors previously exerted by leaders ( Horner-Long and Schoenberg, 2002 ; Schwarzmüller et al., 2018 ).

At the same time, inspiring and motivating employees have become pivotal skills for leaders to master ( Horner-Long and Schoenberg, 2002 ), and seem to be required to an even greater extent in order to encourage the continuous involvement and active participation of followers. Indeed, the same digital tools that provide autonomy to followers, may also drive them toward greater isolation ( Lynn Pulley and Sessa, 2001 ). According to Van Wart et al. (2017) and Roman et al. (2018) , some of the most common problems generated by the digitalization of organizations are worker alienation, weak social bonding, and poor accountability. It is therefore extremely important that leaders support and help followers in dealing with the challenges of greater autonomy and increased job demands, by adopting coaching behaviors that promote their development, provide resources, and assist them in handling tasks ( Schwarzmüller et al., 2018 ).

Similarly, the ability to create a positive organizational environment that fosters a strong sense of collaboration and unity among employees has become vital for leaders to have. Yet, e-leaders' reliance on traditional social skills, such as the abilities of active listening and understanding others' emotions and points of view, may not be enough to warrant success in creating such environments. Rather, they need to integrate these social skills with the ability to master a variety of virtual communication methods ( Roman et al., 2018 ). According to Carte et al. (2006 , p. 326), “while leadership in the more traditional face-to-face context may emerge using a variety of mechanisms, in the virtual context it likely relies largely on the communication effectiveness of the leader.”

Roman et al. (2018 , p. 5) label this skill as e-communication, and define it as “the ability to communicate via ICTs in a manner that is clear and organized, avoids errors and miscommunication, and is not excessive or detrimental to performance.” The leader needs to set the appropriate tone for the communication, while organizing it and providing clear messages. Moreover, the leader needs to master different communication tools, as their communication effectiveness depends largely on the ability to choose the right communication tool. Roman et al. (2018) provide a set of major selection criteria, which includes richness of the tool, synchronicity, speed of feedback, ease of understanding by non-experts, and reprocessing capability (ability to use the communication artifact multiple times in different venues). This ability allows to adapt the communication to the receiver preferences (as it would otherwise happen in a face-to-face interaction), so as to provide a variety of cues that enhance social bonding ( Shachaf and Hara, 2007 ; Stephens and Rains, 2011 ), convey the right message to the target audience, and better manage urgency and complexity.

High speed decision making

One way in which the introduction of technology has changed the organizational life has been the greater need for speed. Scholars agree that e-business leaders are forced to make decisions more rapidly ( Lynn Pulley and Sessa, 2001 ; Horner-Long and Schoenberg, 2002 ). This seems to suggest that decisiveness, and problem-solving abilities keep being extremely relevant for e-leaders, and may become even more prominent in the future ( Horner-Long and Schoenberg, 2002 ). According to Lynn Pulley and Sessa (2001) , never-ending urgency can create situations in which leaders needs to make decisions without having all information or without having time to think and analyze the problem properly, which may lead to falling back onto habitual responses, instead of creating novel and innovative ideas. To help navigate such situations, leaders need to be able to tolerate ambiguity, while being creative at the same time ( Horner-Long and Schoenberg, 2002 ; Schwarzmüller et al., 2018 ). If it is true that the digital world forces leaders to examine problems and provide innovative answers at a faster peace, the use of information technology also allows them to make more informed decisions. Information systems can provide enormous amounts of real-time data. For this reason, the ability to process high volumes of fast-paced incoming and outgoing data (e.g., Big data), in order to analyze it, prioritize and make sense of the relevant information for decision-making, has become and will be even more relevant in the future. Recent research points out that leaders will increasingly need to collaborate with IT managers, providing directions for data analysis and offering meaningful interpretations of results ( Harris and Mehrotra, 2014 ; Vidgen et al., 2017 ).

Managing disruptive change

The fast-paced technological evolution places high demands on organizations' ability to deal with continuously changing conditions and players. Lynn Pulley and Sessa (2001) highlight the constant need for organizations to adapt, foresee opportunities, and sometimes improvise, in order to maintain their competitiveness in the market. Under increasing pressure to innovate, leaders need to undertake an active role in identifying the need for change, as well as handling, and initiating change within their teams and organizations ( Schwarzmüller et al., 2018 ). Horner-Long and Schoenberg (2002) findings confirm that e-leaders tend to show more entrepreneurial and risk-taking characteristics than leaders in traditional contexts. However, continuous change should not disrupt the focus and mission of the organization. While promoting a flexible and innovative attitude in the organization, the leader needs to clarify a common direction. Lynn Pulley and Sessa (2001) identify the ability to inspire and share a common vision about the future of the organization as one of the challenges of e-leaders, who are frequently confronted with the need for change. While acknowledging the importance of this skill, Horner-Long and Schoenberg (2002) did not find it to characterize e-leaders any more than traditional leaders.

Managing connectivity

Scholars maintain that e-leaders also need to foster their networking abilities. Beyond the need to explore and create networks to lobby for resources and stakeholder support ( Horner-Long and Schoenberg, 2002 ) developing social interactions seems to play a key role in favoring innovation. As innovation becomes a top priority, leaders need to understand how to take advantage of networking opportunities ( Avolio et al., 2014 ). The hyper-connected environment, in which leaders operate, especially with the ubiquitous use of social media and other digital platforms, provides new networking opportunities due both to an easier access to larger groups of individuals, and the possibility to establish connections through more immediate communication. New technologies and especially the advent of social networks might have reinforced the perception that being persistently part of the network is compulsory. As reported in Horner-Long and Schoenberg (2002 , p. 616) “in the new economy some leaders do nothing but network - there is no commercial need. It is simply networking for networking's sake.” Although it is a general requirement to be able to create and maintain social relationships with various stakeholders, effective leaders differ specifically in the ability to recognize those relationships that lead to tangible benefits ( Horner-Long and Schoenberg, 2002 ).

The renaissance of technical skills

Lastly, scholars underscore the increased value of technical competencies. This represents a shift from the latest paradigm established over the past four decades, whereby leadership primarily requires emotional and social intelligence competencies that enable the leader to understand, motivate and manage his team effectively. Notwithstanding, leaders also need to understand and manage the use of various technologies. Indeed, IT knowledge and skills have become high on demand requirements to operate in a digitalized environment ( Horner-Long and Schoenberg, 2002 ). Furthermore, the mastery of current technologies must be balanced with the ability to stay current on the newest technological developments ( Roman et al., 2018 ). This emphasizes the need to adopt a life-long learning approach to developing one's digital skills.

Developing leadership skills in the digital era

To lead in the era of digital transformation requires individuals to be both people-oriented and technically minded ( Diamante and London, 2002 ). These two skills often characterize very different profiles of people that, yet, need to come together in order to implement an effective digital transformation in their organization. The case study presented by Coutu (2000) , highlights the need to establish a profitable exchange relationship between leaders of people-oriented (e.g., sales), and IT functions, in order to create a cross-functional and cross-skill contamination. Systematic knowledge dissemination from the individual to the group is highlighted as the most effective way to spread knowledge and expertise across the organization ( Boe and Torgersen, 2018 ). Coutu (2000) addresses how this cross-skill contamination can be performed, by means of implementing reverse-mentoring programs. Nonetheless, the author uncovers the problem of potential generational conflicts, whereby newer generations, who tend to be more knowledgeable and skilled in digital technologies, may gain informational power over others, generating concern and skepticism in older, change averse, individuals ( Coutu, 2000 ).

Studying modern military operational environments, Boe and Torgersen (2018) highlight the need to lead under volatile, uncertain and complex situations, characteristics they find similarly describe the context of modern e-businesses. According to the authors, leadership training needs to combine both technology and change, creating simulations of scenarios in which ambiguous information and improvisation create complex and uncertain conditions.

One way in which exposure to technology and simulations can be combined is through training in virtual spaces ( Lisk et al., 2012 ; Lu et al., 2014 ). In large community games, leaders may have to recruit, motivate, reward, and retain talented team members. They have to make quick decisions that may affect their outcomes in the long-run, for which they need to analyze the environment in order to build and keep their competitive advantage ( Avolio et al., 2014 ). Lu et al. (2014) adopt experiential learning theory ( Kolb and Kolb, 2005 ) to explain e-leadership skills development, referring to activities in which learning is performed in a virtual context. Their study attempts to empirically examine the transferability of virtual experiences into in-role job situations. Results show partial association between virtual games behaviors and hierarchical position of the participants, however, conclusions concerning the transferability of certain skills or experiences gained in virtual games may be highly affected by reverse causality. Ducheneaut and Moore (2005) , conduct a virtual ethnography to show that people participating in multiplayer role-playing games train behaviors related to networking, management and coordination in small groups. However, in a recent review on the use of games, based on digital tools or virtual realities, for training leadership skills, Lopes et al. (2013) highlight a general lack of theoretical grounding in the development and analysis of virtual games. Moreover, they find extant studies rarely show these games affect leadership skill outcomes ( Lopes et al., 2013 ). Robin et al. (2011) find that while simulations facilitate learning, they do not seem to lead to better results than traditional methods. The authors suggest simulations' main advantage lies in the possibility to enable learning in situations where it would otherwise be difficult or impossible. They thus propose the use of a combination of traditional and technology-based training to achieve the most effective learning outcomes.

Leading Virtual Teams

The introduction of digital tools has enable the organizational structure to become not only flatter and decentralized, but also dispersed. One way in which digital technology has shaped organizational life and people management has been by enabling the potential use of virtual teams. Virtual teams are defined as “interdependent groups of individuals that work across time, space, and organizational boundaries with communication links that are heavily dependent upon advanced information technologies” ( Hambley et al., 2007 , p. 1). They have become increasingly pervasive in the last years, especially in multinational organizations ( Gupta and Pathak, 2018 ).

Indeed, several benefits of virtual teams have been acknowledged in the literature. First, the use of virtual teams has allowed for a dramatic reduction of travel times and costs ( Bartol and Liu, 2002 ; Bergiel et al., 2008 ). Second, it has enabled teams to draw upon a varied array of expertise, regardless of location ( Jawadi et al., 2013 ), making it easier to access and recruit talent across the globe. Third, by facilitating the heterogeneity of team members, it has fostered creativity and innovation, due to the possibility of combining different perspectives ( Gupta and Pathak, 2018 ).

Despite its advantages, certain specificities of virtual teams' challenge the traditional way in which teams are managed and led. For instance, virtual teams are characterized by geographical and/or organizational distance. This implies that leaders cannot physically observe team members' behavior nor rely on verbal cues, facial expressions, and other non-verbal communication in order to understand the team's thoughts, feelings, moods and actions. This is considered one of the biggest barriers to developing and managing interpersonal relationships ( Jawadi et al., 2013 ). The heavy dependence on ICT may lead to communication problems, such as failing to distribute information to all team members, understand or convey the level of urgency or importance of the information, and interpret silence ( Cascio and Montealegre, 2016 ). Geographical dispersion often implies cultural diversity between team members, which may affect leaders' ability to build and maintain team spirit and trust ( Gupta and Pathak, 2018 ). According to Sullivan et al. (2015) , space may suppress leadership capacity, even in situations of shared leadership. Moreover, virtual teams are subject to time differences.

In order to overcome these challenges, virtual team leaders need to adopt specific behaviors and practices. One of the most important practices highlighted in the literature involves the setting and periodical revision of communication norms within the team ( Jawadi et al., 2013 ). Instead of focusing on behavioral norms, as in traditional teams, virtual teams require a clear definition of the norms pertaining to their use of communication tools, through witch information flows and activities are performed. Clear communication norms entail a number of advantages for virtual teams, such as: correct exchange of information, regular interaction and feedback, less ambiguity about teamwork processes, better monitoring of each member's contributions, faster detection of problems and mistakes. Moreover, because leaders play a fundamental role in enabling and mediating the communication between team members, they are able to lead them in the construction of a common language. This involves gaining a deep understanding of the underlying meaning of words and expressions used in the team. The mutual understanding of the organizational and social context in which each team member is embedded facilitates this process ( Plowman et al., 2007 ; Bjørn and Ngwenyama, 2009 ; Rafaeli et al., 2009 ).

As mentioned in the previous section, virtual team leaders also need to be able to choose the right communication tools and navigate well through their functionalities and the interactivity across various tools, if they are to avoid disruptions in communication and achieve a more vivid and open communication that favors positive team member relationships ( Jawadi et al., 2013 ). While synchronous communication is considered more appropriate to manage complex, interdependent tasks ( Hambley et al., 2007 ), asynchronous instruments may allow for team members with different backgrounds to adopt their own pace in processing others' ideas or generating new ones ( Malhotra et al., 2007 ). Moreover, asynchronous communication facilitates a continuous flow of information and the ability to work for a greater number of hours ( Gupta and Pathak, 2018 ). Furthermore, leaders need to use multiple channels with different levels of richness ( Hambley et al., 2007 ). According to Hambley et al. (2007) , “a rich medium allows for transmitting multiple verbal and nonverbal clues, using natural language, providing immediate feedback, and conveying personal feelings and emotions.” A richer tool is supposed to lead to better team cohesion. Yet, the authors found mixed results in terms of the association between constructive interaction and task performance ( Hambley et al., 2007 ).

Virtual teams often group together individuals from different educational, functional, geographical and cultural backgrounds. On one hand, such heterogeneity should promote innovative solutions, but on the other hand, it may also undermine collaboration. A virtual team leader thus needs to have good cross-cultural skills ( Schwarzmüller et al., 2018 ), to identify different cultures' characteristics and understand similarities and differences across cultures. Especially at the early stages of a virtual team's lifecycle, the leader needs to assure that the diversity of team members is understood, appreciated, and leveraged. As virtual teams do not usually have the chance to enjoy in-person informal activities typically used to share personal characteristics and abilities and foster team building, the leader needs to share and manage personal information virtually and ensure the team has a clear understanding of each team member's expertise and skills ( Malhotra et al., 2007 ). Once the diversification of skills is acknowledged, virtual teams can also benefit from a clear distribution of roles and tasks ( Jawadi et al., 2013 ). Especially if virtual teams adopt asynchronous communication tools, tasks and schedules need to be clearly defined to avoid delays due to task misallocation or overlapping.

According to Malhotra et al. (2007) , virtual teams may also engage in practices aimed at digitally monitoring the team activity, relying on remote monitoring of virtual communication and participation, as well as document posting. However, Jawadi et al. (2013) notice how monitoring and controlling mechanisms may be negatively perceived by team members. Indeed, their findings show that behaviors directed at monitoring and coordinating team interactions are not associated with higher leader-member relationship quality. According to Carte et al. (2006) , high performing virtual teams are characterized by monitoring behaviors, but only when these are shared between members. Although, traditional performance appraisal and monitoring mechanisms are being replaced by alternative systems that rely on real-time digital feedback, the key features that characterize effective face-to-face feedback have been kept ( Petrucci and Rivera, 2018 ).

Perhaps the best measure of impact of the pervasive adoption of virtual teams in organizations has been the extensive accumulation of literature focused on studying the phenomenon, alongside its antecedents, challenges and outcomes. As our study reveals, scholars have identified a number of best practices, whereby virtual team leaders become the key players in charge of resolving the challenges posed by physical and organizational distance.

However, especially when considering virtual teams, there has been a shift in the literature to steer away from traditional notions of leadership as being assigned to one individual, toward focusing on new conceptualizations of shared and distributed leadership. Virtual teams, which are often cross-functional, are indeed characterized by a relative absence of formal hierarchical authority ( Pearce et al., 2009 ). In the same way that the need for speed in responding to accelerated environmental change and higher connectivity led to the development of virtual teams, that same need may be driving the flattening of hierarchical structures toward more evenly distributed, shared and empowered leadership among virtual team members ( Pearce et al., 2009 ). As such, virtual teams are often left alone to shape and define their own leadership style, which may encourage all team members to perceive themselves as leaders and drive the collective development of leadership skills ( Gupta and Pathak, 2018 ). In these so called self-managing work teams (SMWTs; Manz and Sims, 1987 ; Druskat and Wheeler, 2003 ), decisions and leadership responsibilities are equitably allocated among team members, who are also engaged in supporting and accompanying each other in the accomplishment of their tasks. The concept of shared leadership does not necessarily imply the rejection of a “formal” leader, but introduces the idea that any team member may be a leader, and as such, is expected to assess the team in its context and assert what is best for the team: whether to volunteer himself as team leader or empower any fellow team member(s) to serve the team as leader(s). This process leads to the creation of a shared understanding of both the leadership responsibilities and the power dynamics within the team ( Grisoni and Beeby, 2007 ; Hoch and Kozlowski, 2014 ; Hoegl and Muethel, 2016 ).

Toward The Future: Research Directions

Despite the urgency felt by scholars to understand how leaders keep the pace with technological change, the literature seems to lack a shared approach in studying and theorizing about this phenomenon. Although researchers have been introducing relevant new concepts, such as e-leader and e-organizations, there is a shortage of well-established and consensual definitions in the literature. Our review reveals scholars have relied on several leadership theories to explain the relationship between leadership and digital transformation. However, we question whether theories based on traditional views of industrial organization and business, that still prevail in the literature, are the most suitable to comprehend the multifaceted phenomenon of digital transformation and its impact on all matters leadership of organizations, communities, teams, and even self. As suggested by Kahai et al. (2013) , scholars may need to go beyond traditional leadership theories to explain the impact digitalization exerts on leadership and leaders. Are the existing theories in social sciences able to explain the antecedents, characteristics and outcomes of this disruptive phenomenon or do we need new theoretical lenses to make sense of how leaders may respond to this change?

One of the most complex and pressing issues concerns e-leaders (un)ethical behaviors. Notably, the higher risk leaders now face of engaging in unethical uses of personal and sensitive information, or the inexistence of a code of conduct for ethical leadership behavior are critical concerns to raise in any debate of e-leadership ( Lee, 2009 ). Collaboration through digital technologies brings about new questions regarding the role leaders may play in the digital environment. What is the role of leaders in guiding an ethical appropriation of digital technologies? What can e-leaders do in order to be an example and instill an ethical culture within their followers? How do digital tools such as social media and online communities and forums change the conditions under which interactions occur and how do these affect the maintenance of ethical behaviors? These are questions that future research is pressed to answer. While the theoretical debate has already started to address some of these questions, empirical research remains considerably underdeveloped.

The present review uncovers a shortage of contributions addressing the role that institutions play in supporting ethical behaviors of leaders. In particular, what remains unclear is whether and how leaders will be prepared to face the new wave of data and policies that affect their ability to manage privacy and regulatory issues. Studies in this area are thus highly encouraged.

The leader-follower relationships mediated by ICTs can also be affected by concerns for privacy and information that the parties do not want to share. Social media interactions, for example, leave digital footprints that can be monitored by leaders and organizations, which may compromise the interactions and responses of followers that feel their privacy is at risk. The same can be said regarding the instruments that digital technologies provide for tracing personal productivity. Project management applications, for instance, trace individual contributions to a certain project, but can challenge an impartial evaluation if the relationship between individual effort and contribution to the results is not clear, thus putting into question the trust in the relationship with leaders. Future research should consider these aspects and work toward a broader comprehension of how to balance the need for higher transparency in ICT- mediated relationships with followers' higher autonomy and need for privacy.

We acknowledge that the introduction and use of digital tools it strictly linked to organizational cultures that value the use of technology and establishes the readiness of organizations to successfully implement digital tools. Therefore, we suggest further research needs to investigate the extent to which culture affects the selection and effective implementation of digital technologies within organizations. Answering to this question also provides relevant information on how digital technology alters organizational identity and shapes new organizational boundaries. Exploring this line of inquiry using both theoretical and empirical approaches, may inform the creation of new organizational identities, and their relationship with different types of organizations and institutions.

Since digitalization is enabling a growing propensity to share information, organizational boundaries are becoming more fluid and expanding outside the formal organization. Hence, collective forms of leadership are expected to increase. Notably, distributed or shared leadership is supposed to gain momentum, especially if it is considered a better fit to the characteristics of virtual teams, such as the informal nature of its communication channels, task interdependence and team member autonomy ( Avolio et al., 2014 ; Hoch and Kozlowski, 2014 ). What remains unclear is the role that leaders play in recognizing and encouraging distributed leadership in teams. Moreover, how much does the success of shared leadership styles depend on the organizational culture? What is the effect of shared leadership on virtual team dynamics? We claim that these are questions that should be explored with greater detail in the future.

Networked organizations, as well as the rise of virtual teams, speak volumes about the endless connectivity possibilities that digital technology has enabled. However, empirical studies on virtual teams also highlight that digital tools and media can disconnect individuals and undermine established power dynamics. Despite the relevance of increased connectivity, only a few studies adopt a network approach to understand how leaders and followers are interconnected to one another.

Literature has already acknowledged that the lack of face-to-face interactions makes the task of leading virtual teams a more complex job ( Purvanova and Bono, 2009 ). Indeed, the physical and cultural distance that characterizes virtual teams threatens the ability to build trust, create commitment and enhance cohesion among team members ( Hoch and Kozlowski, 2014 . As suggested by Lee (2009) trust in virtual teams is related to ethics: the way in which leaders and team members behave, the extent to which they demonstrate transparency when interacting with others, the integrity and compliance to the rules and procedures of the organization and the team are key issues that should not be neglected. However, little is known about the methods and behaviors that effective leaders can adopt in order to build trust in virtual teams. Literature on this topic needs contributions that focus specifically on the process of trust creation in virtual teams, describing its characteristics and mechanisms and informing about which digital tools can be used to support such process. Indeed, along with the ability of creating trust among team members, virtual team leaders are required to have the ability of choosing and exploiting the right communication tools ( Jawadi et al., 2013 ; Roman et al., 2018 ). Future research should try to uncover the effect different characteristics of communication tools may have on team dynamics and leader-followers relationships.

The lack of face-to-face interaction also creates new challenges in the deployment of social skills. Processes related to interpersonal understanding may be inhibited by distance and by the use of interfaces. Indeed, comparing traditional face-to-face teams and pure virtual teams, Balthazard et al. (2009) found that leader characteristics that are easier to perceive from nonverbal cues, such as personality traits, predicted the emergence of transformational leadership in face-to-face teams, but not in computer-mediated teams. Considering the importance of social understanding and affect-based perceptions, we encourage future research that analyzes the ways in which leaders can create positive emotional contagion, through technology. For example, it could be interesting to inquire whether the use of facial/emotional recognition devices ( Pentland and Choudhury, 2000 ), and affective haptics ( Arafsha et al., 2012 ) can contribute to interpersonal emotional understanding and sharing, and how it affects leader-follower relationships and team dynamics. Balthazard et al. (2009) found written communication quality to be positively related to the emergence of transformational leadership in virtual teams. Indeed, the increasing adoption of written communication-based tools such as chats, social media, or document sharing platforms, calls for the use of linguistic analysis of online communication to understand how leaders effectively instill emotions, convey their vision, or communicate urgency through text.

As suggested by Avolio et al. (2014) , leadership in the digital world may be influenced by gender. Men and women may adopt different criteria in choosing which technologies to adopt. However, this topic of research has earned little attention in the literature. We claim that other studies are needed to investigate more in depth gender differences, and its effect on organizational outcomes.

Another topic that future researcher needs to address regards the way in which leaders can develop the skills needed to perform in the digital era. Some scholars maintain virtual games might be useful instruments to foster both social and technical skills ( Ducheneaut and Moore, 2005 ; Lu et al., 2014 ). However, findings have not yet showed whether virtual games have a clear effect on social and digital skills development. We suggest future research could inspect what types of virtual behaviors foster team engagement and higher team performance in multiplayer virtual games, while examining the role of these variables in organizational settings. Other scholars propose digital natives and technical experts in organizations may be engaged in the training of those who are less familiar with or demonstrate a negative attitude toward the adoption of technology, for example by means of reverse mentoring programs ( Coutu, 2000 ). However, conditions that can favor a successful digital transformation of organizations should be analyzed. The technological skill advantage of young generations may destabilize traditional power relations. A closer look to this phenomenon is suggested.

In a digital world where physical presence is becoming unnecessary, the possibility that some leadership responsibilities begin to be performed by AI-based technology is not unrealistic. A tough debate is raising awareness as to whether robots can be programmed to express emotions and how this fosters the possibility that robots may be better leaders than humans ( Avolio et al., 2014 ). Complementing the literature that has so far stressed the importance of emotions and emotional intelligence for leaders' performance (see for instance Boyatzis, 2006 ; Boyatzis et al., 2017 ), future research should shed light on whether and how robots, algorithms and technological tools substitute or complement leaders.

Even if macro and micro level of analysis are explored by social science scholars, management literature would still lack the analysis of the phenomenon of leadership and digitalization at the meso-level. A promising way of combining micro and macro levels of theorizing might be to introduce a multiple level of analysis. Some of the papers in our dataset move toward this direction, however, it is not clear how digitalization is affecting relationships between diverse organizations.

Finally, from a methodological point of view, our study shows a plethora of methods employed by scholars to analyze leaders' behavior ( Hambley et al., 2007 ; Malhotra et al., 2007 ; Jawadi et al., 2013 ), leaders' skills ( Horner-Long and Schoenberg, 2002 ; Roman et al., 2018 ), or technology adoption ( Bartol and Liu, 2002 ; Weiner et al., 2015 ). If on one hand, this richness provides a portfolio of techniques that scholars could use depending on the subject of analysis, on the other hand, it confirms that there is still a confusion about how to monitor this recent phenomenon. Moreover, we observe that contributions are confined within their own disciplinary frontiers. For instance, social movements literature, that mainly draws on qualitative methods such as ethnography, case study, and interviews, should inform organizational scholars how to observe power relations within companies. Extant contributions investigating what are the skills leaders facing the digital transformation require are based mainly on experts' surveys and interviews. Literature reveals a lack of empirical research which examines the relationship between identified leadership skills and successful performance in highly digitalized organizations. Future studies should also take into account how much this relationship may be affected by the context in which the leader operates.

Nowadays, digital transformation is an unavoidable choice for any company, regardless of size or sector. Leaders cope with new tools on a daily basis and they make decisions according to the data they have access to. Therefore, we highly encourage future research to shed more light on the effect of digital transformation on leadership, both at organizational and individual level. If the debate about the relationship between human beings and machine is not a recent one ( Turing, 1950 ), not to management literature, nor social sciences in general, the relationship between digital transformation and leadership requires updated lenses. This systematic review offers a structured framework of a promising field, and we hope it will help future research generate coherent efforts to garner novel and relevant knowledge in this research topic.

The purpose of this review was 3-fold. First, we discussed how leadership in the digital era has been conceptualized, reviewing the theoretical perspectives that have been used in prior research. Our review did not reveal a strong unifying theory of the relationship between leadership and digital transformation, thus calling for more attention to theoretical contributions.

Second, we mapped the academic debate on the relationship between digital transformation and leadership, organizing and structuring the main emerging themes at macro and micro level of analysis. We observed that both contributions with micro and macro approaches underscore that information technology and strategic management need greater alignment. Digital transformation is successful in the long term when the overall organizational objectives match the need to adopt a new digital tools or instruments. In a similar vein, individuals embrace technological advancement only when they perceive it is relevant to their tasks. It is an important responsibility of the leader, particularly of C-level leaders, to steer this strategic alignment and the proliferation of a digital culture.

In a networked economy, the digital transformation has led organizations to open their boundaries, and connect with other industries, stakeholders, and customers, to generate innovation. From a micro perspective, this openness is also required by leaders who need to invest in networking. This means to be “out there” ( Grafström and Falkman, 2017 ), present in the network ( Gordon, 2007 ), and willing to communicate with different types of stakeholders, through digital tools and social media. Especially for leaders, the digital tools are no longer a distant container of everyday life; rather, they are instruments in which everyday life emerges ( Gordon, 2007 ).

Although the introduction of digital tools influenced organizational boundaries and leadership boundaries, for instance favoring the development of concepts such as shared leadership, studies show that trust among members and employees is still achieved and maintained through leaders' intervention ( Carte et al., 2006 ). Cascio and Montealegre (2016 , p. 356), reminds us that inspirational leaders will remain pivotal in making the right decisions, as “humans will continue to enjoy a strong comparative advantage over machines.” However, the growing development and use of AI-based technology to make decisions, calls for a closer understanding of what leadership will mean in the future. Growing ethical concerns related to the application of AI in managerial activities as well as to the appropriation of technology and data are becoming an urgent topic to address.

To overcome the challenges derived from the digital transformation, leaders are required to develop a combination of digital and human skills, mainly related to the ability to communicate effectively in a digitalized context, create cohesion between geographically distant followers, foster initiative and change attitudes, and deal with complex and fast problem solving.

Third, we highlighted the current gaps and open questions in the literature, and laid out a future research agenda that targets opportunities for the empirical and theoretical advancement of knowledge.

While our review is timely and includes the most recent contributions, some limitations should be considered and overcome in future studies. First, since our concern was to map prior research, we have not provided detailed propositions to the suggested categories, a void that should be addressed by future studies. The second concern regards the sample. We drew from the Scopus database only. Albeit we checked other databases to avoid potential bias, we may have missed some relevant articles contained elsewhere. Third, despite the rigorous procedure of our systematic review, a limitation is ascribed to the inclusion of only peer-reviewed articles and conference proceedings. A future review should also include industry research reports, professional outlets publishing research-based findings, and other non-pear reviewed manuscripts to better clarify how the multidimensional phenomenon of digitalization is affecting organizations and leadership. Finally, we excluded, as per our boundary conditions, articles that considered organizations as leaders in the digital transformation, and studies that discussed about digital platforms. Future studies should adopt a broader overview of the macro-organizational and strategic effects in order to understand how digital transformation is implemented across different organizations, communities and teams.

Author Contributions

LC and EB contributed conception and design of the study. LC, EB, and RZ organized and analyzed the database. LC and EB wrote the first draft of the manuscript. RZ wrote sections of the manuscript. All authors contributed to manuscript revision, read and approved the submitted version.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Agarwal, S. D., Barthel, M. L., Rost, C., Borning, A., Bennett, W. L., and Johnson, C. N. (2014). Grassroots organizing in the digital age: considering values and technology in Tea Party and Occupy Wall Street. Inform. Commun. Soc. 17, 326–341. doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2013.873068

CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

Arafsha, F., Masudul Alam, K., and El Saddik, A. (2012). “EmoJacket: consumer centric wearable affective jacket to enhance emotional immersion,” in Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Innovations in Information Technology (IIT) , 350–355.

Google Scholar

Avolio, B. J., Kahai, S., and Dodge, G. E. (2000). E-leadership: implications for theory, research, and practice. Leader. Q. 11, 615–668. doi: 10.1016/S1048-9843(00)00062-X

Avolio, B. J., Sosik, J. J., Kahai, S. S., and Baker, B. (2014). E-leadership: re-examining transformations in leadership source and transmission. Leader. Q. 25, 105–131. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.003

Bakardjieva, M., Felt, M., and Dumitrica, D. (2018). The mediatization of leadership: grassroots digital facilitators as organic intellectuals, sociometric stars and caretakers * . Inform. Commun. Soc. 21, 899–914. doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2018.1434556

Balthazard, P. A., Waldman, D. A., and Warren, J. E. (2009). Predictors of the emergence of transformational leadership in virtual decision teams. Leader. Q. 20, 651–663. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.06.008

Barley, S. R. (2015). Why the internet makes buying a car less loathsome: how technologies change role relations. Acad. Manage. Disc. 1, 5–35. doi: 10.5465/amd.2013.0016

Bartol, K. M., and Liu, W. (2002). Information technology and human resources management: harnessing the power and potential of netcentricity. Res. Personnel Hum. Resour. Manage. 21, 215–242. doi: 10.1016/S0742-7301(02)21005-1

Bass, B. M. (1981). Stogdill's Handbook of Leadership: A Survey of Theory and Research. Revised and Expanded Edition, 2nd ed. New York, NY: Free Press.

Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations, 1st ed. New York, NY: Free Press.

Bass, B. M., and Avolio, B. J. (1993). Transformational leadership and organizational culture. Public Admin. Q. 17, 112–121.

Bekkhus, R., and Hallikainen, P. (2017). “A new dualistic Cio toolbox: towards ambidexterity in the digital business transformation,” in Proceedings of the 17th Conferência da Associação Portuguesa de Sistemas de Informação, CAPSI' (Guimarães), 23–41.

Bennett, W. L., and Segerberg, A. (2013). The Logic of Connective Action: Digital Media and the Personalization of Contentious Politics . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bergiel, J. B., Bergiel, E. B., and Balsmeier, P. W. (2008). Nature of virtual teams: a summary of their advantages and disadvantages. Manage. Res. News 31, 99–110. doi: 10.1108/01409170810846821

Berman, S., and Korsten, P. (2014). Leading in the connected era. Strategy Leader. 42, 37–46. doi: 10.1108/SL-10-2013-0078

Bjørn, P., and Ngwenyama, O. (2009). Virtual team collaboration: building shared meaning, resolving breakdowns and creating translucence. Inform. Syst. J. 19, 227–253. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2575.2007.00281.x

Boe, O., and Torgersen, G. E. (2018). Norwegian “digital border defense” and competence for the unforeseen: a grounded theory approach. Front. Psychol . 9, 1–15. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00555

Bolden, R., and O'Regan, N. (2016). Digital disruption and the future of leadership: an interview with Rick Haythornthwaite, chairman of Centrica and MasterCard. J. Manage. Inquiry 25, 438–446. doi: 10.1177/1056492616638173

Boyatzis, R. E. (2006). Using tipping points of emotional intelligence and cognitive competencies to predict financial performance of leaders. Psicothema 18, 124–131. Available online at: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=72709519

PubMed Abstract | Google Scholar

Boyatzis, R. E., Thiel, K., Rochford, K., and Black, A. (2017). Emotional and social intelligence competencies of incident team commanders fighting wildfires. J. Appl. Behav. Sci. 53, 498–516. doi: 10.1177/0021886317731575

Brown, M. E., Trevino, L. K., and Harrison, D. A. (2005). Ethical leadership: a social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organ. Behav. Hum. Decision Process. 97, 117–134. doi: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2005.03.002

Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership . New York, NY: Harper & Row.

Bygstad, B., Aanby, H., and Iden, J. (2017). “Leading digital transformation: the Scandinavian way. Lecture notes in Business Information Processing,” in Proceedings of the 8th Scandinavian Conference on Information Systems, SCIS (Halden), 1–14.

Carte, T. A., Chidambaram, L., and Becker, A. (2006). Emergent leadership in self-managed virtual teams. Group Decision Negotiation 15, 323–343. doi: 10.1007/s10726-006-9045-7

Cascio, W. F., and Montealegre, R. (2016). How technology is changing work and organizations. Ann. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav. 3, 349–375. doi: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-041015-062352

Castells, M. (2012). Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age . Cambridge: Wiley-Blackwell.

Coutu, D. L. (2000). Too old to learn? Harvard Business Rev. 78, 37–42. Available online at: https://hbr.org/2000/11/too-old-to-learn

Crossan, M. M., and Apaydin, M. (2010). A multi-dimensional framework of organizational innovation: a systematic review of the literature. J. Manage. Stud. 47, 1154–1191. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00880.x

Davenport, T. H., and Harris, J. G. (2007). Competing on Analytics: The New Science of Winning . Boston, MA: HBS Review Press.

David, Y., and Baden, C. (2018). Reframing community boundaries: The erosive power of new media spaces in authoritarian societies. Inform. Commun. Soc. doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2018.1486869. [Epub ahead of print].

Denison, D. R., Hooijberg, R., and Quinn, R. E. (1995). Paradox and performance: toward a theory of behavioral complexity in managerial leadership. Organ. Sci. 6, 524–540. doi: 10.1287/orsc.6.5.524

DeSanctis, G., and Poole, M. S. (1994). Capturing the complexity in advanced technology use: adaptive structuration theory. Organ. Sci. 5, 121–147. doi: 10.1287/orsc.5.2.121

Diamante, T., and London, M. (2002). Expansive leadership in the age of digital technology. J. Manage. Dev . 21, 404–416. doi: 10.1108/02621710210430597

Diaz-Saenz, H. R. (2011). “Transformational leadership,” in The Sage Handbook of Leadership , eds A. Bryman, D. Collinson, K. Grint, B. Jackson and M. Uhl-Bien (London: Sage Publications Ltd, 299–310.

Dimitrov, A. (2018). “The digital age leadership: a transhumanistic perspective,” in Symposium: “Envisioning Future Leadership: Utopia, Dystopia, or More of the Same?” , University of Phoenix. Phoenix, AZ.

Druskat, V. U., and Wheeler, J. V. (2003). Managing from the boundary: the effective leadership of self-managing work teams. Acad. Manage. J. 46, 435–457. doi: 10.2307/30040637

Ducheneaut, N., and Moore, R. J. (2005). More than just ‘XP’: learning social skills in massively multiplayer online games. Interactive Technol. Smart Educ. 2, 89–100. doi: 10.1108/17415650580000035

Ensley, M. D., Hmieleski, K. M., and Pearce, C. L. (2006). The importance of vertical and shared leadership within new venture top management teams: implications for the performance of startups. Leader. Q. 17, 217–231. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2006.02.002

European Commission (2017). Attitudes Towards the Impact of Digitisation and Automation on Daily Life . 1–171.

Eyal, H. (2016). Digital fit as a leg-up for Nongovernmental Organizations' media and political success. Polit. Commun. 33, 118–135. doi: 10.1080/10584609.2015.1011294

Foerster, C., and Duchek, S. (2018). “Leaders' resilience – A systematic literature review and future research agenda,” in Proceedings of the 78th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, AOM 2018. (Chicago, IL).

Gardner, W. L., Lowe, K. B., Moss, T. W., Mahoney, K. T., and Cogliser, C. C. (2010). Scholarly leadership of the study of leadership: a review of The leadership quarterly's second decade, 2000–2009. Leader. Q. 21, 922–958. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.10.003

Garfield, E. (1979). “Citation indexing: its theory and application in science, technology, and humanities,” in Mapping the Structure of Science , ed E. Garfield (New York, NY: Wiley, 98–147.

Garfield, E. (2004). Historiographic mapping of knowledge domains literature. J. Inform. Sci. 30, 119–145. doi: 10.1177/0165551504042802

Geoffrion, A. M. (2002). Progress in operations management. Produc. Operations Manage. 11, 92–100. doi: 10.1111/j.1937-5956.2002.tb00186.x

Gerbaudo, P. (2017). Social media teams as digital vanguards: the question of leadership in the management of key Facebook and Twitter accounts of Occupy Wall Street, Indignados and UK Uncut. Inform. Commun. Soc. 20, 185–202. doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2016.1161817

Gerstner, C. R., and Day, D. V. (1997). Meta-analytic review of leader-member exchange theory: correlates and construct issues. J. Appl. Psychol. 82, 827–844. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.82.6.827

Gerth, A. B., and Peppard, J. (2016). The dynamics of CIO derailment: how CIOs come undone and how to avoid it. Business Horizons 59, 61–70. doi: 10.1016/j.bushor.2015.09.001

Gheni, A. Y., Jusoh, Y. Y., Jabar, M. A., Ali, N. M., Abdullah, R. H., Abdullah, S., et al. (2016). “The virtual teams: E-leaders challenges,” in Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on E-Learning, e-Management and e-Services , IC3e 2015, 38–42. (Melaka).

Goleman, D. (2000). Leadership that gets results. Harvard Business Rev. 78, 78–90. Available online at: https://hbr.org/2000/03/leadership-that-gets-results

Gordon, E. (2007). Mapping digital networks from cyberspace to Google. Inform. Commun. Soc. 10, 885–901. doi: 10.1080/13691180701751080

Graen, G. B., and Scandura, T. A. (1987). Toward a psychology of dyadic organizing. Res. Organ. Behav. 9, 175–208.

Grafström, M., and Falkman, L. L. (2017). Everyday narratives: CEO rhetoric on Twitter. J. Organ. Change Manage. 30, 312–322. doi: 10.1108/JOCM-10-2016-0197

Grisoni, L., and Beeby, M. (2007). Leadership, gender and sense-making. Gender Work Organ. 14, 191–209. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0432.2007.00339.x

Gupta, S., and Pathak, G. S. (2018). Virtual team experiences in an emerging economy: a qualitative study. J. Organ. Change Manage. 31, 778–794. doi: 10.1108/JOCM-04-2017-0108

Haddud, A., and McAllen, D. (2018). “Digital workplace management: exploring aspects related to culture, innovation, and leadership,” in Proceedings of the Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology, PICMET 2018 (Honolulu: HI), 1–6.

Hambley, L. A., O'Neill, T. A., and Kline, T. J. B. (2007). Virtual team leadership: the effects of leadership style and communication medium on team interaction styles and outcomes. Organ. Behav. Hum. Decision Processes 103, 1–20. doi: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2006.09.004

Harris, J. G., and Mehrotra, V. (2014). Getting value from your data scientists. MIT Sloan Manage. Rev. 56, 15–18. Available online at: https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/getting-value-from-your-data-scientists/

Harvard Business Review Analytic Services (2017). Operationalizing Digital Transformation: New Insights Into Making Digital Work. 1–12 . Available online at: https://hbr.org/sponsored/2017/05/operationalizing-digital-transformation-new-insights-into-making-digital-transformation-work

Heinz, U., Baga, T., Gebert, D., and Kearney, E. (2006). Leadership and cooperation as success factors in innovative R&D projects on electronic platforms. Team Perform. Manage. Int. J. 12, 66–76. doi: 10.1108/13527590610674077

Henttonen, K., Pussinen, P., and Koivumäki, T. (2012). Managerial perspective on open source collaboration and networked innovation. J. Technol. Manage. Innovation 7, 135–147. doi: 10.4067/S0718-27242012000300012

Hitt, D., and Tucker, P. D. (2016). Systematic review of key leader practices found to influence student achievement: a unified framework. Rev. Educ. Res. 86, 531–569. doi: 10.3102/0034654315614911

Hoch, J. E., and Kozlowski, S. W. J. (2014). Leading virtual teams: hierarchical leadership, structural supports, and shared team leadership. J. Appl. Psychol. 99, 390–403. doi: 10.1037/a0030264

PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

Hoegl, M., and Muethel, M. (2016). Enabling shared leadership in virtual project teams: a practitioners' guide. Project Manage. J. 47, 7–12. doi: 10.1002/pmj.21564

Horner-Long, P., and Schoenberg, R. (2002). Does e-business require different leadership characteristics? An empirical investigation. Eur. Manage. J. 20, 611–619. doi: 10.1016/S0263-2373(02)00112-3

Huber, G. P. (1990). A theory of the effects of Advanced Information Technologies on organizational design, intelligence, and decision making. Acad. Manag. Rev. 15, 47–71. doi: 10.5465/amr.1990.4308227

Hughes, T. (2004). Human-Built World: How to Think About Technology and Culture. Chicago: Chicago University Press.

Jawadi, N., Daassi, M., Favier, M., and Kalika, M. (2013). Relationship building in virtual teams: a leadership behavioral complexity perspective. Hum. Syst. Manage. 32, 199–211. doi: 10.3233/HSM-130791

Jones, M. (2017). “E-leadership case study and the impact of (un)faithful appropriation of technology,” in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Management Leadership and Governance, ICMLG 2017 (Johannesburg), 191–199.

Kahai, S. S., and Avolio, B. J. (2006). Leadership style, anonymity, and the discussion of an ethical issue in an electronic context. Int. J. e-Collaboration 2, 1–26. doi: 10.4018/jec.2006040101

Kahai, S. S., Sosik, J. J., and Avolio, B. J. (2013). “Effects of transformational leadership and media on collaboration and performance in virtual teams,” in Leadership in Virtual Groups: Looking Back and Charting Paths Forward. Symposium Conducted at the Meetings of the Academy of Management , eds N. S. Hill and N. M. Lorinkova (Orlando, FL).

Kidwell, R. E., and Sprague, R. (2009). Electronic surveillance in the global workplace: laws, ethics, research, and practice. N. Technol. Work Empl. 24, 194–208. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-005X.2009.00228.x

Kirkland, R. (2014). Artificial Intelligence Meets the C-suite. McKinsey Quarterly . Available online at: http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/strategy/artificial_intelligence_meets_the_c-suite

Kirkpatrick, S., and Locke, E. (1991). Leadership: do traits matter? Acad. Manage. Perspect. 5, 48–60. doi: 10.5465/ame.1991.4274679

Kodama, M. (2007). Innovation through boundary management - A case study in reforms at Matsushita electric. Technovation 27, 15–29. doi: 10.1016/j.technovation.2005.09.006

Kolb, A. Y., and Kolb, D. A. (2005). Learning styles and learning spaces: enhancing experiential learning in higher education. Acad. Manage. Learn. Educ. 4, 193–212. doi: 10.5465/amle.2005.17268566

Lee, F. L. F., and Man Chan, J. (2016). Digital media activities and mode of participation in a protest campaign: a study of the Umbrella Movement. Inform. Commun. Soc. 19, 4–22. doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2015.1093530

Lee, M. R. (2009). E-ethical leadership for virtual project teams. Int. J. Project Manage. 27, 456–463. doi: 10.1016/j.ijproman.2008.05.012

Lisk, T. C., Kaplancali, U. T., and Riggio, R. E. (2012). Leadership in multiplayer online gaming environments. Simulation Gaming 43, 133–149. doi: 10.1177/1046878110391975

Lopes, M. C., Fialho, F. A., Cunha, C. J., and Niveiros, S. I. (2013). Business games for leadership development: a systematic review. Simulation Gaming 44, 523–543. doi: 10.1177/1046878112471509

Lord, R., De Varder, C., and Alliger, G. (1986). A meta-analysis of the relation between personality traits and leadership perceptions: an application of validity generalization procedures. J. Appl. Psychol. 71, 402–410. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.402

Lorenz, M., Rüßmann, M., Strack, R., Lueth, K. L., and Bolle, M. (2015). Man and Machine in Industry 4.0. How Will Technology Transform the Industrial Workforce Through 2025? Boston, MA: The Boston Consulting Group.

Lu, L., Shen, C., and Williams, D. (2014). Friending your way up the ladder: connecting massive multiplayer online game behaviors with offline leadership. Comput. Hum. Behav. 35, 54–60. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2014.02.013

Lynn Pulley, M., and Sessa, V. I. (2001). E-leadership: tackling complex challenges. Industr. Commercial Training 33, 225–230. doi: 10.1108/00197850110405379

Malhotra, A., Majchrzak, A., and Rosen, B. (2007). Leading virtual teams. Acad. Manage. Perspect. 21, 60–70. doi: 10.5465/amp.2007.24286164

Manz, C. C., and Sims, H. P. Jr. (1987). Leading workers to lead themselves: the external leadership of self-managing work teams. Admin. Sci. Q. 32, 106–129. doi: 10.2307/2392745

McAfee, A., and Brynjolfsson, E. (2008). Investing in the IT that makes a competitive difference. Harvard Business Rev. 86, 98–107. Available online at: https://hbr.org/2008/07/investing-in-the-it-that-makes-a-competitive-difference

Morgareidge, D., Cai, H., and Jia, J. (2014). Performance-driven design with the support of digital tools: applying discrete event simulation and space syntax on the design of the emergency department. Front. Architectural Res. 3, 250–264. doi: 10.1016/j.foar.2014.04.006

Morris, A., and Staggenborg, S. (2004). “Leadership in social movements,” in The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements , eds D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule, and H. Kriesi (London: John Wiley & Sons, 171–196.

Nohria, N., and Berkley, J. D. (1994). “The virtual organization: bureaucracy, technology, and the implosion of control,” in The Post-Bureaucratic Organization: New Perspectives on Organizational Change , eds C. Heckscher and A. Donnellon (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Ltd, 108–128.

O'Boyle, E. H. Jr., Banks, G. C., and Gonzalez-Mule, E. (2017). The Chrysalis effect: how ugly initial results metamorphosize into beautiful articles. J. Manage. 43, 376–399. doi: 10.1177/0149206314527133

Obschonka, M., Fisch, C., and Boyd, R. (2017). Using digital footprints in entrepreneurship research: a Twitter-based personality analysis of superstar entrepreneurs and managers. J. Business Venturing Insights 8, 13–23. doi: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2017.05.005

Orlikowski, W. J. (1992). The duality of technology: rethinking the concept of technology in organizations. Organ. Sci. 34, 398–427. doi: 10.1287/orsc.3.3.398

Pearce, C. L. (2004). The future of leadership: combining vertical and shared leadership to transform knowledge work. Acad. Manage. Execut. 18, 47–57. doi: 10.5465/ame.2004.12690298

Pearce, C. L., Manz, C. C., and Sims, H. P. Jr. (2009). Where do we go from here? Is shared leadership the key to team success? Organ. Dyn. 38, 234–238. doi: 10.1016/j.orgdyn.2009.04.008

Penney, J. (2017). Social media and citizen participation in “official” and “unofficial” electoral promotion: a structural analysis of the 2016 Bernie Sanders digital campaign. J. Commun. 67, 402–423. doi: 10.1111/jcom.12300

Pentland, A., and Choudhury, T. (2000). Face recognition for smart environments. Computer 33, 50–55. doi: 10.1109/2.820039

Peteraf, M. A., Di Stefano, G., and Verona, G. (2013). The elephant in the room of dynamic capabilities: bringing two diverging conversations together. Strateg. Manage. J. 34, 1389–1410. doi: 10.1002/smj.2078

Petrucci, T., and Rivera, M. (2018). “Leading Growth through the Digital Leader,” in Symposium: “Envisioning Future Leadership: Utopia, Dystopia, or More of the Same?” , University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

Plowman, D. A., Solansky, S., and Beck, T. E. (2007). The role of leadership in emergent, self-organization. Leader. Q. 18, 341–356. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.04.004

Prince, K. A. (2017). “Industrie 4.0 and Leadership,” in Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Electronic Business, ICEB 2017 (Dubai), 132–139.

Purvanova, R. K., and Bono, J. E. (2009). Transformational leadership in context: face-to-face and virtual teams. Leader. Q. 20, 343–357. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.03.004

Rafaeli, A., Ravid, S., and Cheshin, A. (2009). Sensemaking in virtual teams: the impact of emotions and support tools on team mental models and team performance. Int. Rev. Industr. Organ. Psychol . 24, 151–182. doi: 10.1002/9780470745267.ch5

Richardson, J. W., and Sterrett, W. L. (2018). District technology leadership then and now: a comparative study of district technology leadership from 2001 to 2014. Educ. Admin. Q. 54, 589–616. doi: 10.1177/0013161X18769046

Robin, B. R., McNeil, S. G., Cook, D. A., Agarwal, K. L., and Singhal, G. R. (2011). Preparing for the changing role of instructional technologies in medical education. Acad. Med . 86, 435–439. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e31820dbee4

Roman, A. V., Van Wart, M., Wang, X., Liu, C., Kim, S., and McCarthy, A. (2018). Defining e-leadership as competence in ICT-mediated communications: An exploratory assessment. Public Admin. Rev. doi: 10.1111/puar.12980. [Epub ahead of print].

Rosenbloom, R. S. (2000). Leadership, capabilities, and technological change: the transformation of NCR in the electronic era. Strat. Manage. J. 21, 1083–1103. doi: 10.1002/1097-0266(200010/11)21:10/11<1083::AID-SMJ127>3.0.CO;2-4

Schwarzmüller, T., Brosi, P., Duman, D., and Welpe, I. M. (2018). How does the digital transformation affect organizations? Key themes of change in work design and leadership. Manage. Revue 29, 114–138. doi: 10.5771/0935-9915-2018-2-114

Shachaf, P., and Hara, N. (2007). Behavioral complexity theory of media selection: a proposed theory for global virtual teams. J. Inform. Sci. 33, 63–75. doi: 10.1177/0165551506068145

Sitrin, M. (2006). Horizontalism: Voices of popular politics . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Sosik, J. J., Avolio, B. J., and Kahai, S. S. (1997). Effects of leadership style and anonymity on group potency and effectiveness in a group decision support system environment. J. Appl. Psychol . 89–103. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.82.1.89

Sosik, J. J., Kahai, S. S., and Avolio, B. J. (1998). Transformational leadership and dimensions of creativity: motivating idea generation in computer-mediated groups. Creativity Res. J. 11, 111–121, doi: 10.1207/s15326934crj1102_3

Sousa, M. J., and Rocha, Á. (2018). Skills for disruptive digital business. J. Business Res. 94, 257–263. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.12.051

Stephens, K. K., and Rains, S. A. (2011). Information and Communication Technology sequences and message repetition in interpersonal interaction. Commun. Res. 38, 101–122. doi: 10.1177/0093650210362679

Stogdill, R. (1974). Handbook of Leadership, 1st Ed. New York, NY: Free Press.

Stolze, A., Sailer, K., and Gillig, H. (2018). “Entrepreneurial mindset as a driver for digital transformation - A novel educational approach form university-industry interactions,” in Proceedings of the 13th European Conference on Innovation & Entrepreneurship, ECIE 2018 (Aveiro), 806–813.

Strauss, A., and Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of Qualitative Research . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Ltd.

Sullivan, S. D., Lungeanu, A., Dechurch, L. A., and Contractor, N. S. (2015). Space, time, and the development of shared leadership networks in multiteam systems. Netw. Sci. 3, 124–155. doi: 10.1017/nws.2015.7

Tannenbaum, R., and Schmidt, W. (1973). How to choose a leadership pattern. Harvard Business Rev. 51, 162–180.

Toepfl, F. (2018). From connective to collective action: internet elections as a digital tool to centralize and formalize protest in Russia. Inform. Commun. Soci. 21, 531–547. doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2017.1290127

Tsai, W. H. S., and Men, L. R. (2017). Social CEOs: The effects of CEOs' communication styles and parasocial interaction on social networking sites. N. Media and Soc. 19, 1848–1867. doi: 10.1177/1461444816643922

Turing, A. M. (1950). Computing Machinery and Intelligence. Mind 49, 433–460. doi: 10.1093/mind/LIX.236.433

Van Outvorst, F., Visker, C., and De Waal, B. (2017). “Digital leadership: the consequences of organizing and working in a digital society,” in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference On Management, Leadership & Governance, ICMLG 2017 (Johannesburg), 43–471.

Van Wart, M., Roman, A., Wang, X. H., and Liu, C. (2017). Integrating ICT adoption issues into (e-)leadership theory. Telematics Inform. 34, 527–537. doi: 10.1016/j.tele.2016.11.003

Vidgen, R., Shaw, S., and Grant, D. B. (2017). Management challenges in creating value from business analytics. Eur. J. Operational Res. 261, 626–639. doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2017.02.023

Wang, C. H., Liu, G. H. W., Lee, N. C. A., and Chen, K. J. (2018). “On online engagement: Does the leadership style matter?” in Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Electronic Business, ICEB 2018 (Guilin, 430–438.

Weiner, J., Balijepally, V., and Tanniru, M. (2015). Integrating strategic and operational decision making using data-driven dashboards: the case of St. Joseph mercy Oakland hospital. J. Healthc. Manage. 60, 319–330. doi: 10.1097/00115514-201509000-00005

World Economic Forum (in collaboration with Accenture) (2018). Digital Transformation Initiative - Unlocking $100 Trillion for Business and Society from Digital Transformation (Executive Summary), 1–71 . Available online at: https: http://reports.weforum.org/digital-transformation/wp-content/blogs.dir/94/mp/files/pages/files/dti-executive-summary-20180510.pdf

Zupic, I., and Čater, T. (2015). Bibliometric methods in management and organization. Organ. Res. Methods 18, 429–447. doi: 10.1177/1094428114562629

Keywords: leadership, e-leadership, digital transformation, digital technology, literature review, skills, ethics, virtual teams

Citation: Cortellazzo L, Bruni E and Zampieri R (2019) The Role of Leadership in a Digitalized World: A Review. Front. Psychol. 10:1938. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01938

Received: 25 February 2019; Accepted: 07 August 2019; Published: 27 August 2019.

Reviewed by:

Copyright © 2019 Cortellazzo, Bruni and Zampieri. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

*Correspondence: Laura Cortellazzo, laura.cortellazzo@unive.it

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

How it works

Useful Links

How much will your dissertation cost?

Have an expert academic write your dissertation paper!

Dissertation Services

Get unlimited topic ideas and a dissertation plan for just £45.00

Order topics and plan

Get 1 free topic in your area of study with aim and justification

Yes I want the free topic

Leadership Dissertation Topics

Published by Grace Graffin at January 4th, 2023 , Revised On August 15, 2023

Leadership is an attribute of leading and guiding subordinates for collective wellness. Many people aspire to become leaders, but only a few succeed. It is because leadership and management are two relatively different concepts. A manager is not always a leader, and a leader cannot always be a manager. So a leader knows how to manage a group without having distinguished power.

That said, leadership is an exciting discipline to explore and study. If you have aimed to write your dissertation about leadership and direly looking for some exceptional leadership research topics, do not worry; we have got your back. Find out the most relevant and striking list of leadership topics for the research.

You can start your leadership dissertation by requesting a brief research proposal from our writers on any of these topics, which includes an introduction to the problem, research question , aim and objectives, literature review , along with the proposed methodology of research to be conducted. Let us know if you need any help in getting started.

Check our example dissertation to get an idea of how to structure your dissertation .

You can review step by step guide on how to write your dissertation here .

Want to know what essay structure and style will work best for your assignment?

Problem fixed! We can write any type of essay in any referencing style. We ensure every essay written is beyond your expectations.

2022 Leadership Dissertation Topics

Topic 1: a comparative analysis of the impact of transformational and servant leadership style on employee satisfaction and performance..

Research Aim: The research aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the impact of transformational and servant leadership styles on customer satisfaction.

Objectives:

To analyse the factors impacting employee satisfaction and performance.
To determine the similarities and differences among transformational and servant leaders.
To conduct a comparative analysis of the impact of transformational and servant leadership styles on customer satisfaction.

Topic 2: Investigate the suitable leadership attributes for handling crises and the financial stability of the business.

Research Aim: The research aims to investigate the suitable leadership attributes for handling crises and the financial stability of the business.

To analyse the leadership attributes ideal for handling crises and unpredictable situations.
To evaluate the factors impacting the financial stability of businesses.
To investigate the suitable leadership attributes for handling crises and the financial stability of the business.

Topic 3: Analysis of the medical leadership response in the NHS during the initial stages of the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK.

Research Aim: The research aims to analyze the medical leadership response in the NHS during the initial stages of the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK.

To analyse the impact of medical leadership on staff morale and the quality of patient care.
To determine the medical leadership in the NHS and its impact on staff productivity and efficiency.
To investigate the medical leadership response in the NHS during the initial stages of the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK.

Topic 4: How does poor leadership impact the overall organisational revenue and culture?

Research Aim: The research aims to analyse how poor leadership impacts the overall organisational revenue and culture.

To analyse the ramifications of poor leadership in organisations.
To evaluate the factors contributing to organisational revenue generation and shaping the organisational culture.
To analyse the impact of poor leadership on overall organisational revenue and culture.

Topic 5: Analysis of the potential use of AI for enhancing leadership performance and decision making.

Research Aim: The research aims to analyse the potential use of AI for enhancing leadership performance and decision making.

To analyse how AI contributes to leadership decision making.
To identify the factors impacting leadership performance and the role of technology.
To analyse the potential use of AI for enhancing leadership performance and decision making.

Topic no.1: Significance of leadership in business

Research Aim: In times like the present, when there is wavering financial stability, it is imperative for businesses to become as strong as they could be. Only good leaders in a company can help make the right and timely decisions for making it successful. The research will deeply analyze and study the importance of leadership in a business. It will figure out the challenges posed to business due to poor or absence of good leadership.

Topic no.2: Leadership and management

Research Aim: Leadership and management are two different things, but they go hand in hand. But it is significant to understand in what premises and situations leadership becomes more crucial than management and vice versa. It is also significant to find whether or not one is independent of the other. The main of the research will be to find out the answers to all of the aforementioned questions.

Topic no.3: political leadership; the ramifications of poor leadership

Research Aim: The aim of the research would be to analyze and evaluate political leadership and study the consequences of poor leadership. The researcher can study different political leaders and tehriu model of leadership and their repercussions on the citizens of their state.

Topic no.4: Role of women in educational leadership

Research Aim: Women are no less than men in any field, especially leadership. In fact, women leaders have proved themselves over and over again throughout history. The aim of the research would be to identify and analyze women’s role in educational leadership. It will find out the women who played a centrifugal role in the sector of educational leadership.

Topic no.5: Climate leadership

Research Aim: Fairly a new avenue of leadership, climate leadership is one of the most needed and prospering kinds of leadership. When it comes to saving the earth, many are raising their voices, and some are taking crucial actions. The research would aim to explore the nature of leadership predominating for climate preservation, who are the key leaders at the forefront, what approaches are they using for inhibiting global warming, and what would be the recommendations in that regard.

Topic no.6: Impact of leadership style on the performance of employees

Research Aim: The aim of the research would be to understand the interrelation of leadership style and the performance of employees. The researcher will evaluate the performance of employees under different types of leadership styles, i.e., authoritative leadership, participative leadership, delegation leadership, transactional leadership, and transformational leadership. It will evaluate the psychological and behavioural traits of employees under each specified type of leadership.

Topic no.7: Traits of good corporate leadership

Research Aim: The aim of the research is to identify the features and characteristics of good corporate leadership and design a model that can be followed to achieve business goals.

Also Read : How to Write Dissertation Aims and Objectives?

Topic no.8: leadership responses during the pandemic

Research Aim: The aim of the research is to study the role of leaders in crisis management, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research will study the leadership responses of different countries and evaluate their measures and their repercussion in response to the outbreak.

Topic no.9: Leadership and economy

Research Aim: The economy of a country depends largely on how the leaders are amending the bogus policies and creating effective, updated ones for economic growth. In essence, it is the leaders whose policies lead to a thriving economy. The aim of the research is to find the relationship between leadership and the economy and how good leaders lead to a better economy.

Topic no.10: how leaders are leveraging AI for their optimal performance

Research Aim: The aim of the research is to find out how(if) global leaders are using technology to improve their performances in their respective fields. There are many leaders, apart from technological leaders, who are using different forms of technology to boost their performance and interact with their subordinates.

How Can ResearchProspect Help?

ResearchProspect writers can send several custom topic ideas to your email address. Once you have chosen a topic that suits your needs and interests, you can order for our dissertation outline service which will include a brief introduction to the topic, research questions , literature review , methodology , expected results , and conclusion . The dissertation outline will enable you to review the quality of our work before placing the order for our full dissertation writing service !

Topic no.11: Digital leaders of the future

Research Aim: The aim of the research would be to understand and analyze how digital leaders use information and technology to help an organization become more receptive to customer needs and changing business requirements.

Topic no.12: Leadership culture

Research Aim: The leadership culture is how leaders interact and communicate with the group of people they are commanding. The aim of the research is to study and evaluate the leadership culture prevalent in our society versus how it should ideally be.

Topic no.13: Leadership and managing adversity

Research Aim: The prime aim of the research would be to understand the art of managing adversity and adversaries that leaders employ to swipe off the obstructions that hinder their goals. In order to become a good leader, it is eminent to get familiar with the strategies to get rid of the oppositions that cause damage to the goals.

Topic no.14: Leadership and emotional intelligence:

Research Aim: Emotional intelligence is more important than IQ, and for leaders, it is more than important to hold their nerves to pass the testing times. The aim of the research is to identify and explore the importance of emotional intelligence in leaders and how they use it strategically to cope up with difficult times.

Topic no.15: Women's leadership styles vs men's leadership style

Research Aim: Leaders are leaders, and they have nothing to do with gender, but it is said that there are a bit differences between women’s leadership and men’s leadership. The aim of the research would be to analyze each one’s leadership styles and determine their differences.

Topic no.16: Leadership and ethical paradigms

Research Aim: The aim of the research would be to analyze leadership in the context of five ethical paradigms. It will understand and evaluate how leaders company different levels of ethics during their period of management.

Topic no.17: A case study of Jacinda Ardern's leadership

Research Aim: Newzealand was the first county to swipe off the covid 19 cases from the first wave. It was attributed to the policies of state and leadership for impressive achievement. The main aim of the research is to study and analyze the role of Jacinda Ardern in crisis management.

Topic no.18: A case study of Margret thatcher- the iron lady

Research Aim: Probably no one would be unaware of the first woman prime minister of Britain, Margret Thatcher. The aim of the research is to analyze and evaluate her leadership style that earned he the title of Iron lady.

Topic no.19: Leadership and education

Research Aim: Leadership in the education sector is as important as in any other field. The aim of the research is to study the inclusive or exclusive relationship between leadership and education. It will also provide suggestions about how to improve leadership approaches in education.

Topic no.20: transformational and transactional leadership; the right approach to lead a business

Research Aim: Two main types of leadership include transformational and transactional leadership styles. The aim of the research would be to analyze and evaluate both styles and suggest the benefits and downsides of each style and determine which approach is the best.

Conducting research on leadership and related topics can be very useful and exciting, but when it comes to writing, students become dreadful. But do not worry, we have got your back. Whether you want a section of the dissertation to be written impeccably or the whole of it, we are here. Don’t wait; click here.

Free Dissertation Topic

Phone Number

Academic Level Select Academic Level Undergraduate Graduate PHD

Academic Subject

Area of Research

Frequently Asked Questions

How to find leadership dissertation topics.

For leadership dissertation topics:

Analyze leadership challenges.
Explore industry or context.
Study effective leaders.
Examine leadership theories.
Consider organizational issues.
Select a topic resonating with your passion and research goals.

627 Leadership Essay Topics & Examples

Looking for leadership essay topics to write about? Being both an exciting research area and a practical skill, leadership is definitely worth exploring!

🔝 Top 10 Essay Topics

📃 Leadership Essay: How to Write

🏆 Best Essay Examples
👍 Interesting Essay Topics
🎓 Simple & Easy Essay Titles
📌 Controversial Title Ideas
🥇 Good Topics to Write

✍️ Leadership Essay Topics for College

❓ leadership essay questions.

In your leadership essay, you might want to take a look at the sphere of government or elaborate on the role of leadership in business organizations. Here we’ve gathered most catchy leadership title ideas together with leadership essay examples. There are also useful tips on writing your introduction, conclusion, and formulating a thesis statement.

🔝 Top 10 Leadership Essay Topics

Leadership as a research area and a practical skill
Theories of leadership
Functional leadership theory
Autocratic and democratic leadership styles: compare and contrast
Task-oriented leadership style: the key features
Measuring leadership: the main approaches
Gender and leadership in Western countries
The concept of leadership: myths and misunderstandings
Emotional intelligence and leadership: the connection
Leadership in non-human animals

While writing a leadership essay, you may struggle with the subject, structure, titles, and other components. Don’t worry – these tips will help you to write the best leadership paper!

Tip 1. Choose your subject area first. If your professor did not provide specific topics, you would need to select one on your own. In order to do this, you may focus on an area of leadership that sounds interesting to you.

For example, if you consider working in the hospitality sector in the future, write about leadership in hotels or restaurants. Alternatively, you can browse leadership essay topics online and see if that gives you any clarity.

Tip 2. Narrow down the topic. To ensure that your essay earns high marks, you should avoid choosing an area of leadership that is too broad.

A college level paper should offer enough details and depth to receive an excellent grade. For instance, instead of overviewing a bunch of leadership styles, focus on how certain styles impede or facilitate teamwork. This will give you enough to talk about while limiting the scope of your essay.

Tip 3. Don’t confuse leadership with management! This is a common mistake that students make while writing leadership essays. Although the two concepts overlap, leadership is more about beliefs and vision, whereas managerial work is focused on specific tools and techniques.

Thus, a leader may or may not be a manager. To get more familiar with the subject of leadership, research various leadership styles, such as transformational, autocratic, and servant leadership.

Tip 4. Pay attention to the structure. In a great essay, ideas are always well-organized and follow one another in a logical sequence. First, write an introduction where you present your topic and thesis.

Then, write the main body, where you explain the key concepts and the relationships between them by reviewing relevant research evidence.

Lastly, write a conclusion summarizing your key points. A good leadership essay conclusion should also show how the information can be applied in practice.

Tip 5. Seek to answer any questions that readers might have. For your essay to show excellent depth, you need to address the points that might be interesting to readers in connection with your subject area.

For example, if you are reviewing a particular leadership style, you might want to discuss in which settings it would be useful and what are some of its limitations.

To make this part easier, you could search for leadership essay questions online to clarify what kind of answers readers expect you to cover.

Tip 6. Explain the importance and relevance of your paper. Because leadership is focused on effective strategies that can be applied in real life, you need to provide examples of how your essay may be used to support future practice and research.

Can leaders use the information you provided to improve their relationships with other employees? Can the proposed strategies influence performance?

Think about the potential uses of your research, as well as any gaps that are yet to be studied. Highlighting areas for future research will show your tutor that you are genuinely interested in the subject while also helping you plan for future essays.

We hope that these leadership essay tips will make it easier for you to write an outstanding paper! Make sure to check our website for sample essays on leadership!

👍 Interesting Leadership Essay Topics

Developing Leadership Skills Bearing in mind the fact that the leader is tasked with marshaling the organization’s resources to accomplish some organizational goal, it can be rightfully stated that part of the role of the leader is to […]
Strategic Leadership Nevertheless, it is important that for these strategic plans to be implemented properly there is need to have strategic leadership in the organization in order to provide the much needed leadership.
Leadership: Portfolio Project I will start by conducting a comprehensive analysis of my background in order to understand the factors that might have defined my leadership qualities in one way or the other.
Leadership in General Electric The third impact of good leadership at GE is that the ability of the organization to retain its employees would be increased.
Individual Leadership Philosophy I have also developed new values that will continue to support my leadership objectives. I will also acquire new skills that have the potential to improve my leadership philosophy.
Leadership Style: Reflection and Analysis The concept of leadership is an essential part of the modern world due to the fact that it is one of the key determinants of successful management.
Brian Chesky’s Leadership at Airbnb As the chief executive officer and co-founder of Airbnb Company, Brian Chesky has proved to the world that he is a great leader who exhibits wonderful traits.
Sundar Pichai’s Leadership and Action Logics As a result, the issue of action logics presented in this paper is vital because it paves the way for leaders to develop practical ways of understanding not only their individual codes of conduct but […]
Leadership Self-Assessment Essay To a butcher, the organizational goals of increased productivity, the input of both the individual and groups in the organization remains invaluable. To this end, the strengths and weaknesses that are inherent in my style […]
Nigerian Poor Governance and Leadership In the paper under consideration, we will examine the concepts of the good governance and leadership, the problems concerning the implementation of these concepts in the Nigerian government; then we will investigate the history of […]
Bill Gates’ Leadership To achieve the best out of the two, Bill Gates explored a dichotomy of both to align his characteristic leadership with the company core values.
Leadership and Motivation: FedEx Corporation and UPS Inc. Introduction Leadership is the process of influencing people to contribute willingly to the goals and objectives of the organization. To solve this problem, the managers of FedEx used 360-degree feedback system to identify the causes […]
Situational Leadership Style According to the two experts, the major responsibility of any situational leader is to become accustomed to their individual leadership style and satisfy the followers’ needs.
Napoleon: Leadership Style The extremely high level of fragmentation peculiar to Europe at that era and the absence of the single perspective on France and its growing power provided him with the time needed to create a powerful […]
James Madison’s Leadership Qualities It is only through humble submission as evidenced by the willingness to listen to the admonition and suggestions of a superior that the qualities of a good leader can be established in the person’s heart […]
Leadership in the “Invictus” Movie The movie’s storyline is based on the book “Playing the Enemy: Nelson Mandela and the Game that Made a Nation” by John Carlin.
Style of Leadership in TESCO In order to maintain the desired level of performance, the company requires a well trained and knowledgeable workforce as well as an appropriate team of leadership that is capable of developing the qualities of all […]
Walt Disney and Henry Ford Leadership Styles Disney devoted his time to art and had a dream of becoming a leader in the animation business. The employees started to fear him and could avoid the lobby whenever Disney was passing.
21st Century Leadership Based on the character of these issues, researchers distinguish six major areas of the new leadership, and each one of them includes a set of practices which are considered to be contributive to the organisational […]
The Essence of Leadership: Warren Buffet and Oprah Winfrey To understand the concept of leadership, the report evaluates the leadership qualities that the two leaders have developed. The reason behind the conflicts rests on the fact that the organisation, for instance, has no one […]
Mary Kay Ash and Her Leadership Style The success of this woman, as well as her contributions to the world of business, may be explained in terms of her biography, milestones, she had to cope with, and the decisions she made during […]
Inside Bill Gates Leadership Journey of Building Microsoft Microsoft has succeeded in setting a fast pace in the computer software industry and in creating markets in the process. The program took over the market, and it topped the charts in Microsoft products.
Safety Culture Development Through Effective Leadership and Management The continuity of the safety standards is the most challenging aspect in the maintenance of a safety culture within an organization.
Healthcare Leadership and Economic Models This is further amplified by Priore who argues that the personnel who encourage their peers to question and identify the possible sections that could use research, development, and acceptance and implementation of changes to implement […]
Democratic Leadership Style Self-Analysis Democratic leadership style is a participative and consensus-based approach to decision-making in which the leader encourages input from all members of the team and makes decisions that reflect the group’s best interests.
Strategic Leadership and Organisational Transformation of Walmart In the first quarter of the 2020/2021 fiscal year, the company recorded a financial performance that exceeded the projections of analysts who had predicted poor performance due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Comparison of Gandhi’s and Hitler’s Leadership The primary direction of Gandhi’s political and social work was the fight against the nationalist movement of the British rule of India.
Leadership Styles in Nigeria, America and China It is important to note that most of the African nations are said to have a high power distance, and Nigeria is not an exception.
Elon Musk’s Leadership Style and Accomplishments His business acumen is exemplified by his massive successes that he has achieved, mainly as the CEO of Space X and Tesla Motors, as well as other businesses, including Neuralink, the Boring Company, and Open […]
Development and Curriculum Leadership: Advanced Curriculum Models This book is of great assistance to educational leaders who want to explain curriculum concepts, analyze and understand the hidden curriculum, explain the contracting nature of curriculum elements and unfold strategies to develop and implement […]
Organizational Culture & Leadership: Whirlpool Corporation At the heart of the discussion of management and leadership are the concepts of goal setting and results. Common to both managers and leaders is the focus on the results they produce, which are based […]
Educational Leadership and Management Team leadership is “the ability to solve every problem affecting a given group”. I have understood why every educational leader should use the best leadership styles.
High Task & High Relationship Leadership Style Discussion of high task-high relationship leadership style The leadership underpinned by high-task-high relationship concerns with the inclusion of both tasks and relationships.
Democratic Leadership Styles and Patient Outcomes Democratic leadership positively impacts patient outcomes as it influences nurses to participate in all processes of the organization and contribute to its development.
Leadership Approach in “The Devil Wears Prada” The first point is personal characteristics that can be considered on the example of the film. Thus, whether it is the latest edition of a Harry Potter book that she manages to find or her […]
Servant Leadership in Indian Culture and Hindu Religion The basis of this approach is the reorientation of the values of the leader, who considers the empowerment of followers as a means and goal of his activity.
The Model of Primary Leadership Skills Theo was more successful in the role of manager of the new facility’s development than he was as the operations director because he needed to lead various groups of people that would help him to […]
Leadership Behavior: Ratan Tata and Emotional Intelligence This shows that Ratan Tata, as a leader, was not eager to compete but rather searched for options to expand the market through acquiring businesses.
Colonel Novak’s Effective Leadership Behavior In the case of Colonel Novak, he strived to spent time with the individuals in his unit at work and when off duty portraying consideration as effective leadership behavior. In addition, effective leadership is the […]
Leadership and Management Practice The efficacy of a decision to either lead or manage will base on the closeness of how the insight of the knowledge, expertise and talent of persons trying to pursue the goal matches with the […]

🎓 Simple & Easy Leadership Essay Titles

Leadership in the hospitality industry His success in business has been attributed to the manner in which he attends to details such as research and collection of information, provision of clean and high quality products and services, and the logical […]
Does Gender Affect Leadership? The number of women who are reaching top positions in the management of an organization is very less, though nowadays there is some change in this fact and so many women are holding top leadership […]
“Spiritual Leadership” by Henry and Richard Blackaby The lack of leadership strategies causes the death of the church1.”Chapter Two: The Leader’s Role: What Leaders Do” The chapter starts with the evaluation of various definitions of leadership.
Leadership Motivation: Anita Roddick, Founder of Body Shop Specifically, the treatise adopts a reflective research in exploring the components of leadership and management such as transformational leadership, amanagerialism’, and organizational realities in the management style of Anita Roddick who founded the Body Shop.
BMW Key Strategic Issues Analysis The strong brand name and capital potential of the company is the core elements of the company’s success and popularity across the globe.
Personal Leadership Profile Analysis At the same time, I could also use my drive for learning to develop communication, motivation, conflict resolution, and other relevant skills that could enhance the performance of my team and the work environment in […]
Thyressa Williams’ Leadership Interview One of the most important aspects of leadership, according to the interviewee, is the ability to recognize and acknowledge talent amongst the people a leader is working with.
JC Penney & Ron Johnson: The Failed Leadership Following the failure of Ron Johnson’s vision and strategy, the new CEO, Ulman, faced the challenge of attempting to incorporate and revert to the strategy that had been in place before Ron Johnson’s tenure.
The Action-Observation Model: Leadership Discussion In the beginning, I tried to persuade some volunteers to agree with their assignments since they were helping to spread awareness of a good cause; however, as arguments started occurring, I decided that the best […]
Leadership and Personality Traits of Hovard Schultz Schultz was able to look at the business from the client’s point of view and considered the client’s needs when expanding Starbucks across the globe.
Nursing: Leadership Development Plan I utilize the nursing process and evidence-based practice to work collaboratively with the core team, including the patient, staff members, primary care provider, registered nurse care manager, and patient support technician, and expanded team, including […]
General Leadership Style: Norman Schwarzkopf According to the Katz model of leadership, the leader with human skills can leverage the power of the group. When the young Schwarzkopf visited his father in different parts of the world, he had the […]
Corporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility A fundamental theme of corporate governance is the nature and extent of responsibility and accountability of specific individuals in the corporation’s hierarchy, and mechanisms that attempt to eliminate or mitigate the problems that arise due […]
Leadership and Management In the analysis of leadership and management approach within the non-for-profit sector, success in management and leadership revolves around complex approaches to the management of human services.
Martin Luther King Jr.’s and Malcolm X’s Leadership Styles Thesis: Martin Luther King and Malcolm X were both charismatic leaders, but the latter was more of a transformational leader as well because of his idealistic views and his ability to inspire his followers to […]
Nursing Leadership: A Self-Assessment The second goal is to improve my risk management attitude because it is crucial for my practice as a DNP-prepared nurse and as a leader of the team where I work.
Orpheus Orchestra’s Leadership and Organizational Practices The orchestra satisfies the needs of every member. This permanent leadership encourages every member to be part of the orchestra.
Leadership Skills of Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum’s It is possible to argue that Sheikh Mohammed was trained to be a leader because this is one of the traditions adopted in such dynasties.
Relationship between Leadership and Management Additionally, it is apparent that the only constant in the business world is change, and for this reason, for employees to be sure of coping with such changes, there is need for them to acquire […]
Lieutenant Colonel Hal Moore’s Leadership Hal Moore’s courage to fight on despite the odds that had afflicted his men was the major driving factor that led to the victory of his group over the Vietnamese.
Red Bull Project’s Effective Leadership Measures However, the product failed to create wave in the market as expected and it is believed that the main cause of the failure was lack of proper leadership.
Proactive Leadership: Importance and Characteristics This paper will focus on proactive leadership, the importance of proactive leadership, and the characteristics of proactive leaders. For example, when a team leader is late on product shipment or delivery of products, they try […]
Critical Examination of Strategic Leadership Guided by these introductory statements, this research paper aims at exploring the concept of strategic leadership with particular interests in exploring the characteristics of strategic leadership, the contextual factors, both internal and external that has […]
Astro Airlines: Burton’s Leadership Style While the company had every chance to be transformed from a small-scale business into a large corporation, Burton did not use the opportunities that he had as the head of the company.
James D. Sinegal’s Leadership Analysis The present report aims to analyze Sinegal’s leadership from the perspective of traits theories and leadership and skill-based models. In their work, Judge, Bono, Ilies, and Gerhardt tested the use of the Big Five personality […]
Leadership Concepts in the “Seabiscuit” Drama Film The movie is the adaptation of the book about Seabiscuit, the thoroughbred racehorse that remains a legendary manifestation of the American dream.
The Role of the Leader and Their Characteristics Leaders are the strategists and the decision makers of an organization; they have the role of managing, controlling and enacting policies that lead an organization to its attainment of corporate goals and objectives.
Organizational Leadership and Strategic Positioning for Shangri-la Hotels Shangri-La Hotels is classified among the strongest and iconic leaders in the luxury hotel space in Asia and it has been successful in other places in Europe and around the world.
Ho Ching’s Leadership at Temasek Holdings In addition to her past experiences, she has legitimate power in Temasek Holding that allows her to influence her followers with the help of company rules.
Leadership Case: Arthur Burton’s Behavior Burton paid a lot of attention to hiring employees, and he tried to make sure that novice employees would-be professionals who could use their creativity to contribute to the development of the company.
Level 5 Leadership, Humility, and Will A Level 5 leader has the ability of the initial levels of leadership. Collins describes the humility of a Level 5 leader has the ability to give credit to others.
Reflective Practice in Leadership This model has made me understand that I need to orient myself to the organisational culture and values cherished by my subordinates to enable me to have beneficial exchanges with my subordinates.
Leadership Issues: The Case of CEO Gary Kelly of Southwest Airlines One of Gary’s key strengths as chairman and CEO of Southwest Airlines is predicated upon the capacity to use servant leadership style to foster organizational growth and development.
Leadership at YouTube: Susan Wojcicki Educated at Harvard and the University of California, Wojcicki was involved in the founding of Google and was the person behind Google’s acquisition of YouTube in 2006.
Jim Jones Leadership Traits In essence, Solomon says that the core element of leadership is trust, which can make the group members to increase their commitment and devotion to the group.
Tesla’s Strategic Plan for Leadership in Energy Sector The purpose of this report is to analyze Tesla’s strategic plan of technological leadership in the energy segment to strengthen its competitive position.
Hatshepsut’s Leadership and Accomplishments She was the leader of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt and ruled with the help of the two-year old Thutmose III.
A Revolutionary Model of Leadership When the father of Ricardo Semler left his company in the early 80s, he never imagined that his son would transform Semco to be a leading and one of the best-known companies across the globe.
Leadership Style of Richard Branson This means then they should have the will to use the power they possess together with the employee to execute innovative ideas brought forwards by the employees According to Branson, another quality of a leader […]
The Charismatic Leadership of Steve Jobs at Apple In this form of leadership style, leaders have full control over the operations of an organisation and have clear visions that they communicate to their followers. In conclusion, ethical leadership is necessary for the success […]

📌 Controversial Leadership Title Ideas

Leadership Style of Bill Clinton: What Can We Learn? To have a good understanding of Bill Clinton, we shall have a review and a brief description of his biography in order to understand about the background of Bill Clinton right from the time he […]
Leadership Concepts: Kentucky Fried Chicke This means that if the recipe was revealed to a leader who is not loyal to this organization, he/she would share it with the competitors which could cause the organization to loose many of its […]
Leadership in the Management Practice: “Our Iceberg Is Melting” by John Kotter The resultant effect is that the taskforce charged with the responsibility of implementing change does not achieve the intended objective According to Kotter, developing a clear vision is critical in the process of implementing change.
Apple Inc.’s Leadership Effectiveness, Competitive Advantage, and Growth Strategy Apple Inc.’s current success can be attributed to the organization’s effective management and leadership abilities to quickly adapt to a highly dynamic business environment.
Leadership Theory and Practice via an Account of BP’s Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill From the perspective of a rig operator, one of the morality issues that seem to be inherent at BP is the failure to follow the right procedures in making the rig machinery.
The Five-Star Hotels Operational Management They will be discussed on the historic hotel to provide useful information for the improvement of the effectiveness and efficiency of the operations of the hotel.
The Role of Civic Leadership Jeremy points out that a democratic leadership allows for cooperation in all aspects of decision making and that the leader’s decision is not unilateral as he or she has to depend on the input of […]
Leadership Philosophy and the Theories of Leadership These theories are the trait theory of leadership, behavioral theory of leadership, and the contingency theory of leadership. In line with the chosen personal leadership philosophy that urges the leader to show empathy, the trait […]
Leadership of Jerry Yang, Co-Founder of Yahoo The creation of Yahoo is the story of the hobby and knowledge of two Yang people who wanted to make the Internet more convenient.
Nursing Leadership and Personal Skills The issues of leadership and management have been taken to mean the same thing. They govern the responsibilities of a nurse and determine the steps to take in various situations.
Biblical Leadership and Ministry For the church to be more effective in fulfilling the commands in God’s word the leaders should have a spirit that is sensitive and satisfied.
Consolidated Products Managers’ Leadership Styles The leader determines the focus of the work of the entire team, interacts with personnel, affects the psychological climate and other aspects of the work environment.
Chicago Bulls 1995-96 Championship: Team Leadership The coach of the team during the period was Phil Jackson. To begin with, the managers of the team identified the right players to support the targeted expectations.
Leadership Styles of Yahoo, Blackberry, and Google Using the identified characteristics of transactional and transformational leadership styles in the literature review, the paper attempts to specify the leadership styles that each of the three organizations deploys using the primary data from the […]
Contingency Theory of Leadership In order to improve the effectiveness of the leader, the situation should be modified or aligned to the leader’s capabilities. According to this model, the effectiveness of leadership depends on the relevance of the task […]
Marissa Ann Mayer: Leadership and Motivation Marissa Ann Mayer is the current Chief Executive Officer of Yahoo. Merissa has been ranked as one of the most powerful businesspersons in the United States.
Leadership SMART Goal: Effective Communication According to a 2001 report by the Institute of Medicine, “Crossing the Quality Chasm”, a safe system preserves information, fosters ease of access of information and acts as a platform for reference in the event […]
Effective Leadership: What It Means It is very imperative to bring a change in the organization and only successful leaders can bring this change in their organization and their team.
Leadership at The New York Times Newspaper Wisdom comes in handy when the leader is balancing the interests of shareholders such that the leader’s actions lead to the common good.
Leadership Action Plan To begin with, I will join a toastmaster that can support my communicational and leadership goals. For instance, the decision to join a toastmaster will support most of my needs.
Leadership and Constitution According to the United States constitution, the President is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. Article 1, section 2 of the US constitution stipulates that the president has the power to appoint and dismiss high-ranking […]
The Impact of School Governance on School Leadership The traditional school system in most states and territories took the form of the old public administration with school governance highly centralized in the Ministry of Education and the Education Department.
Chapter 6 of Northouse’s Leadership: Theory and Practice The concept of path-goal leadership informs how to select the appropriate leadership style based on the goals and characteristics of the followers.
Leadership and Diversity Discussion A transformational leader should be ready to lead initiatives that make the organization work significantly different than it was before and convince the rest of the members and leaders to adopt them.
Workplace Management Styles: Autocratic Leadership He may have been afraid of the fact that if he did not retain all the powers and authority, employees like Wilson would take the running of the restaurant.
Mark Zuckerberg’s Leadership Style Shareholders have complained about his leadership and failure to increase the stock price of Facebook, and others have claimed he is socially inept and too young and immature to be a CEO of a multi-billion […]
Mark Zuckerberg: Leadership Style on Practice Mark Zuckerberg is a bright example of how young people can become good leaders using their passion, desire to work, and attention to the details and people and prove that transformational leadership is a unique […]
Leadership and Organisational Change The different schools might not agree on the origin of leadership but they do agree on the definition of a leader based on the role in an organisation.
Success Factors and Leadership Strategies: Southwest Airlines and Emirates Airlines The comparison of Southwest Airlines and Emirates Airlines is a chance to comprehend how cultural and regional diversities may define the quality of services, improve the airline industry, and provide people with appropriate working conditions […]
Leadership: Alan Keith To begin with, he is a pioneering character in the organisation in the sense that he often has the guts to explore the untapped opportunities.
Delta Airlines Company’s Traditional and Digital Leadership The aviation industry is one of the most performing sectors of the economy, generating considerable revenues to the respective airline companies across the globe.
Democratic vs. Autocratic Leadership Styles Thus, one of the main advantages of the democratic model is that all individuals who are affected by a certain situation have an opportunity to outline their views and participate in decision-making.
Transformational Leadership in Hotel Industry This research strives to contribute to the understanding of the functions of level three leaders in the hotel industry. The study’s contribution helps to shed light on the context of L3Ls in the hotel industry […]
Personality and Leadership Style Relationship According to his approach and tests, stable and introverted people are phlegmatic, stable and extroverted are sanguine, unstable and introverted are melancholic, and unstable and extroverted are choleric.
Leadership Through Effective Communication At the phase of implementation of the business strategies, effective communication is essential in helping leaders to control and monitor the implementation of strategies to meet the desired goals and objectives.
Importance and Role of Leadership in Globalization Leadership can be considered to be the provision of a vision to the people whom one has authority over and pushing through the understanding of the vision and the achievement of its goals for the […]
Leadership Styles in the UK, USA, and Japan To the managers, the subordinates’ ability to be responsible means a lot for the firm and for their own ability to manage it.
Instructional Leadership The instructional leadership model emphasizes on three critical role of school principal: defining the mission of the school; administering the instructional program, and supporting a positive learning culture.
Jamie Oliver and Leadership in the Food Industry He has a strong mastery of the market and the exact requirements of the customers to be his businesses end up matching the needs of the customers.
Bad Leadership: Causes and Effects This can result in a loss of confidence on the part of employees and may cause them to feel resentment towards their leaders.

🥇 Good Leadership Topics to Write

Leadership Personality & Achievement: TELMEX and Carlos Slim
Mary Barra’s Leadership at General Motors
Leadership Style and Employee Motivation: Burj Al Arab Hotel
Incompetent Management and Destructive Leadership
Mohammed Al Abbar: Leadership Project
The Leadership and Communication Style of Angela Ahrendts
Mandela’s Leadership
Culture and Leadership in a Safe Industrial Environment
The Importance of Leadership in Shaping the Direction an Organization
Pros and Cons of the Four Major Styles of Leadership
Nelson Mandela: Speeches and Leadership
Leadership and Organizational Psychology of Vince Lombardi
Carlos Slim: Leadership Styles and Personality
Alvis Corporation’ Leadership Information
Transformational Leadership at Virgin Group
Leadership Styles in Organizations with Different Age Groups
Reflection on an Interview on Leadership
Leadership Styles, Traits in a Nursing Professionals
Leadership in Diabetes Management
Martin Luther King and Winston Churchill’s Leadership Styles
Leadership Theories in the Automotive Industry
The leadership of Amazon
Leadership in Quality Management
GlaxoSmithKline’s Leadership Management Framework
Leadership at Qatar National Bank
Leadership Internal and External Challenges
The Concept of Laissez-Faire Leadership Style
Youth Leadership Development
Warren Buffett’s Leadership Style in Business
Ursula Burns Leadership Style in Xerox Company
Mountain West Health Plans Company’s Leadership Styles
Charismatic Leadership
Modern Leadership: Trends and Challenges
Authentic Leadership in Healthcare
Leadership Qualities in Nursing
Concept of Leadership and Safety
Leadership in Sports Analysis
Leadership on Boeing Analysis
Ann Fudge’s Leadership Lessons
Leadership of Climber Arlene Blum
Healthcare: Organizational Structures & Leadership
Leadership Challenge: Who Gets the Project?
The Ship Board: Management Styles and Leadership
The Political Leadership Conception
Kofi Annan Leadership Traits
Dr. Maya Angelou and Her Leadership Abilities
Leadership, Its Requirements, Roles and Objectives
Educational Leadership in School
Leadership: Role, Benefits, and Limitations
Leadership and Motivation – Carlos Ghosn
Ethical and Unethical Leadership in Healthcare
Warren Buffet’s vs. Bernard Madoff’s Leadership Styles
Leadership in “The Hunger Game” Movie
The Significance of Strong Leadership in Business Organization
Leadership Management in the Hospitality Industry
The Concept of Leadership in Organizational Success
Leadership, Trustworthiness, and Ethical Stewardship
Personal Leadership Development Plan
Gene C. McKinney: Biography and His Leadership
Professional Development Plan: Developing Leadership
Pixar Company’s Effective Leadership and Competitive Advantages
Leadership and Management as Applied to Criminal Justice Organizations
“The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership” by John Maxwell
Leadership Role-Play Activity for Students
Delta Airlines: Corporate Governance and Leadership Issues
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi: Leadership Analysis
Ethics Code in School Leadership
Social Change and Servant Leadership Models
Andy Garafallo’s Recipe in Leadership Theory and Practice
Leadership Styles: Abraham Lincoln and Adolf Hitler
Elizabeth Bloomer Ford’s Leadership Development
Public Safety Leadership Styles and Tools
Social Change, Leadership, and Advocacy Comparison
Jeff Bezos’s Leadership and the Amazon Revolution
Leadership Models: Problem Solving Analysis
Scholarship, Practice and Leadership
Costco Company’s Business Diversity, Ethics, Leadership
Organisational Performance and Leadership
Steve Jobs’ Leadership Style
Jack Welch’s Leadership Style
School Leadership: Concepts and Evidence
Poor Leadership at J.C Penney
Leadership is Action and Not Position
Leadership and Organisational Change in MCFC
Leadership and Its Approaches: Strengths and Weaknesses
Leadership Styles and Theories
Relationship between Power and Leadership
Trait Approach to Leadership
Culture Effects on Leadership Styles and Behavior
Theories of Situational and Participative Leadership
Leadership Ideals of Robert Nardelli Under Various Trait Theories
1996 Mount Everest Disaster: Leadership Perspective
Leadership in Early Care and Education
Leadership and Motivation Theories, Principles and Issues
Maxwell’s 21 Irrefutable Laws of leadership
The Chartered Management Institute Leadership and Management
Constructive Criticism in Leadership
Self-Awareness Importance in Effective Leadership
Maxine Clark’s Leadership at Build-A-Bear Workshop
Leadership, Power, Corruption in Today’s Politics
Advantages and Limitations of Online Leadership
Leadership: Encouraging the Heart and Generosity
Leadership Styles: Nelson Mandela and Margaret Thatcher
The Importance of Strategic Leadership in the Global Business Environment
Team Leadership: Essential Features & Problems
Environmental Leadership Program (ELP)
Blanchard and Fiedler Leadership Models
The Main Characteristics of Servant Leadership
Transcendental Leadership and Total Quality Management Theories
“Organizational Culture and Leadership” by Schein, Edgar H.
Leadership Commitment Statement on Prevention of Workplace Violence
Personal Leadership Style Analysis
Leadership Challenges in the Church
The Volkswagen Group: Global Leadership and Management
Modern Nurse’s Role: Leadership
Leadership Approaches in Prison
Nursing Leadership and Management
Future-Ready Leadership Strategies in the New Age
Gates and Buffett: Global Leadership and Management
The Brexit Decision: Leadership and Culture
Radical Leadership at Semco by Ricardo Semler
The Leadership Qualities of Tony Blair
Leadership Experience Critique
The Concept of Leadership: Machiavelli’s “The Prince”
John Terrill’s Leadership Style at DGL International
Nursing Team Leadership in a Dialysis Center
Organizational Structures and Leadership in Hospitals
Leadership Self-Assessment and Improvement Plan
Leadership Challenges During Public Health Crisis
Carly Fiorina’s Leadership at Hewlett-Packard Company
Personal Leadership Action Plan
Ricardo Semler’s Leadership at Semco Partners
Leadership Concepts in the “Coach Carter” Film
Leadership Impact on Healthcare Delivery
Leadership: Top Talent Retention
Leadership Culture in the United Arab Emirates
Leadership in a Working Environment
Lubna Olayan’s Leadership Role Mode
Julius Caesar’s and Czar Nicholas II’s Leadership
Leadership in the Early Childhood Field
Leadership Input to the Community Development
George Washington: Servant Leadership and Communication
Workplace Diversity and Challenges of Leadership
International Business Machines: Leadership Development
Steve Jobs and Tim Cook Leadership Styles Comparison
Mandela’s Leadership: Long Walk to Freedom
Thomas Hobbes and John Stuart Mill’ Views on Leadership
Leadership and Culturally Bound: Working and Communicating Together
Organizational Behaviour and Leadership
Ineffective Leadership in a Workplace
“Tipping Point Leadership” by Kim and Mauborgne
The Female Leaders’ Obstacles to Gain Leadership positions in Universities
“Twin Cities” Strategic Management & Leadership
Definition of Strategic Leadership
Gender Differences in Leadership Styles
The Impact of Leadership Styles on Organizational Effectiveness
Effective Situational Leadership
Leadership in the 21st Century
Leadership and Supervising Influence in Human Services
Leadership Effectiveness in the Film Elizabeth
Experience with Negative Leadership
Business Ethics in Multinational Corporations
Attitude Reflects Leadership: a Look at Leadership in your Professional Portfolio
Colin Powell Leadership Characteristics
Strategic Change Leadership in Management
A Leadership Development Plan’s Analysis
The Servant Leadership Concept
Leadership in the “Saving Private Ryan” Film
Personal and Organizational Leadership
Zappos Organization’s Leadership and Objectives
Leadership Fostering Collaboration Within the Department of Juvenile Justice
Barack Obama: Ambassador Leadership Style
Emirates Airline HR Department: Leadership and Its Effect
My Leadership Achievements and Services to Our Community
Effective Leadership: Character and Personal Growth
Coaching Leadership: Presence and Pressure Concepts
Oprah Winfrey’s Leadership Traits and Virtues
Women’s Features in Administrative Leadership
Ogilvy and Mather Worldwide Company: Charlotte Beers’ Leadership
Insomniac Games Inc.: Development of Leadership Strategy
Leading Innovation and Change Management
Mohandus Gandhi’s leadership
Leadership and Governance
Leadership Traits
Servant Leadership of Jeff Bezos
Community Leadership in Personal Experience
Bedside Shift Reporting: Essentials of Nursing Leadership and Management
Leadership Styles: Democratic and Collective
Public Leadership and Its Qualities
The Art of Leadership
Donald Trump: Leadership Ability
Leadership of Bill Gates and Meg Whitman
Sergey Brin: Leadership Process and Organizations in Context
Leadership vs. Management in the Nursing Context
Positive Behaviour Leadership Model in Teaching
Personal Vision Statement in Organizational Leadership
Principal Leadership Style Role in Teacher Performance
House of Fraser Company: Leadership and Managing Change
Tim Cook’s Leadership Transformation and Action Logics
Ontology and Epistemology in Leadership Research
Leadership in Management: Research Project
Leadership and Partnership in Global Environment
Peter Vyas’ Leadership and Project Management
Hovey and Beard Company: Leadership and Management
Global Leadership Development
Leadership: Derek Jeter as an Effective Leader
Leadership in the Workplace: Apple Inc.
Leadership Legacy Issues
The Effect of Leadership in Project Management
Performance Management: Key Strategies and Practical Guidelines
Quality Management Systems
Daimler-Chrysler Merger: Leadership Issue
Contingency Theories of Leadership
Leadership Evaluation: Roots Canada
Machiavelli and Othello’s Leadership Skills
The Failure of Leadership in the Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
Transformational and Transactional Leadership
Management vs. Leadership. What Leaders Really Do?
Leadership Factor in Organizational Functioning
LongXiang Company’s Transformational Leadership
Value of Leadership Models
Leadership Qualities as a Part of a Team
Spiritual Leadership and Citizenship Behaviors
A Lollipop Moment in Leadership
Organizational Theory: Democratic Leadership
Leadership Under Cultural Influences
Leadership in Healthcare Management
Adaptive Leadership as a Style and Model
Leadership: Self-Evaluation and Comparison
Bill Gates’ Positive Leadership Behavior
Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging Leadership Program
Task Specialization and Directive Leadership in Beaufort County School District
Mindful Leadership in Managing Critical Change
Strategic Leadership at The New York Yankees Team
Leadership, Family, and Community Collaboration Project
The Crucial Role of Courageous Followers in Effective Leadership
Leadership in Group Counselling
Relation Between Leadership and Police Ethics
Leadership in the Educational Sector
How Nursing Professionals Can Benefit From Servant Leadership
Leadership and Innovations: Article Review
Applying Five Leadership Practices
Servant Leadership at St. Jude Children’s Hospital
Transformational and Servant Leadership in Nursing
Strategic Leadership in the United Arab Emirates
Leadership: Theory and Practice
The Plays “The Iliad,” “The Odyssey,” and “Agamemnon”: Understanding of Leadership
Leadership Development Plan in Nursing
Leadership: Character, Competencies, and Virtues
Transformational Leadership Theory: Pros and Cons
Nursing Practice: Leadership and Cooperation
St James Settlement’s Leadership and Management
Servant Leadership in Fannie Lou Hamer
The Art of Communication as the Language of Leadership
Organizational Leadership and Attitude-Behavior Theory
Leadership and Ethical Requirements
Measurement and Leadership Effectiveness in Business
Leadership: Definition and Values
Principles of Management and Leadership Positions
Application of Irrefutable Laws of Leadership in the Military
French and Raven’s Five Forms of Power: An Overview
Leadership Style as an Important Element of the Nursing Practice
Leadership Styles Across Generations Working in Wal-Mart Store
Christ’s Approach to Leadership: Transformational Leadership Theory
Morale and Leadership, Encouragement, Dedication, and Commitment Within a Band
Elon Musk: Leadership, Financial Success, and the Future of Tesla
Leadership in Turbulent Times: Key Takeaways
Brand Leadership by Levi’s and Coca-Cola in Going Green
Leadership Role of Creating Safe Nursing Environment
Clinical Nurse Leadership Program
Transformational Leadership at School Sites
Fostering Effective Leadership and Collaboration in Human Services
Behavioral and Situational Leadership: Pros and Cons
Leadership Skills, Goals and Vision of Nurses
Educational Theories and Leadership Studies
Communication Style and Leadership
American Association of Critical-Care Nurses and Its Leadership Culture
Effective Leadership Analysis
Transformational Leadership: Essential Strategies
The Book “The Power of Positive Leadership” by Jon Gordon
Servant Leadership Characteristic Evaluation: Conceptualization
Maintaining a Leadership Position in a Company
A District Director Nurse’s Leadership Roles
Effective Leadership: Traits and Behaviors
Assignment: Student Integrity and Nursing Leadership
How Contemporary Leadership Styles Are Relevant in Today’s Military
Diversity as One of the Principles for Sustainability Leadership
Leadership in Nursing Practice
Exploring Power Constructs in Leadership: A Self-Reflective Study
Servant Leadership: The Key Aspects
Daniel Roth’s and Sam Hazen’s Personal Values in Leadership
Leadership and Management: Reflection
Interdisciplinary Collaboration and Leadership Reflection
Leadership Foundations in Nursing Practice
Culture, Communication, and Leadership for Projects in Dynamic Environments
Presidential Leadership: Diplomatic History
IoT and G.E.’s Leadership Position
Leadership: Conflict and Conflict Management
Principles of Leadership and Future of Terrorism
Leadership at the Reuters Holdings PLC Company
The Foundation of Army Leadership and Its Factors
Leadership in a Multinational Organization
The Ryno Firm’s Demands of Responsible Leadership
Server Leadership and Followership
Two Models of Political Leadership
Change Leadership and Emotional Intelligence
Followership and Servant Leadership in the Military
The Role of Inclusive Leadership Strategy in Diverse Workplaces
The Hempel Paints Firm’s Leadership for Strategic Execution
Qatari German Medical Devices: Leadership for Strategic Execution
The Home Depot’s Journey Towards Innovation and Effective Change Leadership
Leadership Communication and Management
Culture and Leadership in Health and Social Care
Angela Merkel’s Leadership Style
Abraham Lincoln Leadership: American Ex-Presidents
Barack Obama’s Biography and Political Leadership
Leadership Leverage at Gunderson Lutheran Health Facility
Gender and Leadership in Healthcare Administration
Leadership Theories and Styles
Leadership Philosophy in Nursing
The Personal Leadership Philosophy in Nursing
Collaborative Leadership Model in Business
Leadership: Summary of Media Interview
Culture and Leadership in Organizations
Ethics in Organizational Leadership
The Doctor of Nursing Practice Leadership Program
Personal Leadership Philosophies
Leadership Types in Telemedicine
Connective Nursing Leadership
Aspects of Collaborative Leadership
Aspects of Collaborative Leadership Plan
Machiavellian Leadership Style
Organizational Change: The Effect of Transformational Leadership on Employees
Transparency: The Role in Leadership
Nursing Leadership and Team Building Strategies
My Involvement as a Leader, Leadership Coach, and Development Instructor
Transformational Leadership and Abusive Supervision
Aspects of Transformational Leadership
Personal Leadership Philosophy in the Sports Industry
The Role of Leadership in a Digitalized World
The Importance of Leadership Training
Emotionally Intelligent Leadership
Holistic View of the Management and Leadership
Servant Leadership: You Make the Call
The Importance of Leadership Formation
Leadership Skills for the Negotiation Process
Measuring the Quality of Government Leadership
Collaboration and Leadership in Healthcare
Kouzes and Posner Model of Nursing Leadership
Leadership Formation in the Medical Field
The Leadership and Funding Relationship
Transformational Leadership in a Healthcare Team
Abortion Backlash and Leadership Issues
Strategic Crisis Leadership: South Korea’s Response to Covid-19
Leadership Role in Team Development
Darwin E. Smith’s Level 5 Leadership Characteristics
Change Leadership: Telehealth Technology at Orlando Health
Leadership Style Personality Assessment
The Basic Aspects of Leadership
Leadership in a Digitized World
International Leadership: Management Strategies
Aspects of Leadership in Healthcare
Behavioral Theories of Leadership
Personal Leadership Style’s Improvement Areas
Organizational Experiences Based on Leadership
Leadership Analysis in Corporate Governance
Aspects of the Sustainable Leadership Style
Nursing Leadership in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Martin Luther King’s Leadership Approach
Self-Analysis on Democratic Leadership
Leadership Ambiguity in Nursing Practice
Importance of Leadership Skills for Employee
Emotional Intelligence in Leadership Development
Interpersonal Leadership Skills in Bank of America
Developing Organizations and Leadership
Leadership Approaches in Healthcare
Behavioral and Trait Leadership Theories in Medical Educational Setting
Nursing Informatics: Leadership and Administration
Developing Leadership Skills in Nursing: A Proposal
Women’s Leadership During a Crisis
Situational Leadership Analysis
Leadership in Advanced Nursing
Leadership for Happiness in Workplaces
Leadership in Nursing: Organizational Servant Leadership
Supportive Leadership During COVID-19
The Type of Leadership Described by Daniel Goleman
Transformational Leadership Benefits Innovation
Transformational Leadership at the Walmart Organization
Transformational Leadership in Nursing
Machiavelli’s The Prince and Cheney’s Leadership
Exploring Diversity and Inclusion Leadership
The Significance in Shaping Emerging Trends in Leadership
Authentic Leadership Style in Business
Leadership Experience Example: Leading a User Research Team
Importance of Leadership Attributes for Healthcare
Importance of Leadership in Healthcare and Nursing
Servant Leadership Benefits in Nursing
Leadership and Its Three Major Models
Adaptive Leadership: The Main Aspects
Boris Johnson: Influence Tactics and Leadership
Discussion of Servant Leadership Behaviors
Analysis of Poor Leadership Experience
Enterprise Holdings at Leadership Styles
The Value of Leadership Skills and Teamworking
Why Leadership and Management Are Different
Personal Leadership Philosophy in Nursing
Leadership Implementation Regarding Medication Incidents
William White: Leadership Style
Servant Leadership and Decision-Making in Nursing
Leadership Behaviors, Passion, and Devotion
Leadership Environment in Nursing
Leadership in Lost TV Series
Adaptive Leadership in Medical Practice
Religious Views on Politics, Leadership, and Norms
Leadership Styles and Their Applications
Current Views on Leadership: Strategies to Motivate Your Team
Health Management Reflection: Redefining Ethical Leadership
Leadership and Opportunities for Improvement
Leadership in Remote Team at Alibaba Limited
Contemporary Leadership in London Energy Company
Elon Musk: The Leadership Style
Leadership Philosophy and Its Importance for Life
New Business Realities and Leadership Theories
Rise and Leadership of Genghis Khan
The Leadership Development Challenges
Nurses Perception of Leadership and Impact of Healthcare Changes
The Concept of Ethical Leadership in Business
Can a Dictator Who Developed an Economy Be Considered to Have Leadership?
Does Leadership Affect Employee Commitment Management?
Does Despotic Leadership Harm Employee Family Life?
What Two Characteristics Best Describe Leadership?
Are the Differences Between Management and Leadership?
Does Leadership Style Impact on Projects Team Member Performance?
Can Responsible Leadership Affect Work-Life Balance?
Does Decentralized Leadership Influence the Performance?
What Are the Key of Leadership Skills That Can Not Learn From?
What Are the Critical Factors in Understanding the Nature and Dimensions of Leadership?
How Does Leadership Emerge in a Group That Has No Common History?
What Are Charismatic Leadership?
How Bad Does Leadership Affect the Organization?
How Are Culture and Leadership Linked?
Does Cartel Leadership Facilitate Collusion?
What Is the Role of Machiavellianism in the Relationship Between Authentic Leadership and Morality?
Does Leadership Make a Difference?
How Are Leadership and Management Similar?
Are Leadership Fairness, Psychological Distress, and Role Stressors Interrelated?
How Does Ethical Leadership Influence Employees?
How Does Leadership Work in Different Gangs?
Can Servant Leaders Fuel the Leadership Fire?
Are Leadership Mentoring Programs Beneficial?
Can Transactional Leadership Keep Your Team in Shape?
How Does Authentic Leadership Influence Employee Proactivity?
What Are the Differences Between Management and Leadership?
What Leadership Behaviors and Management Systems Support?
What Are Niccolo Machiavelli’s Ideas on Effective Leadership?
Can Leadership Theory Improve Leadership Quality?
What Is the Relationship Between Leadership Type and Organization Performance?
Chicago (A-D)
Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2023, November 9). 627 Leadership Essay Topics & Examples. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/leadership-essay-examples/

"627 Leadership Essay Topics & Examples." IvyPanda , 9 Nov. 2023, ivypanda.com/essays/topic/leadership-essay-examples/.

IvyPanda . (2023) '627 Leadership Essay Topics & Examples'. 9 November.

IvyPanda . 2023. "627 Leadership Essay Topics & Examples." November 9, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/leadership-essay-examples/.

1. IvyPanda . "627 Leadership Essay Topics & Examples." November 9, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/leadership-essay-examples/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "627 Leadership Essay Topics & Examples." November 9, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/leadership-essay-examples/.

Leadership Concept Essay Titles
Team Leadership Research Ideas
Leadership Development Essay Titles
Organizational Leadership Essay Topics
Leadership Qualities Research Ideas
Crisis Management Essay Titles
Personal Ethics Titles
Career Development Topics
Conflict Resolution Essay Topics
Management Skills Research Topics
Communication Theories Paper Topics
Management Styles Essay Titles
Trait Theory Research Topics
Work Environment Research Topics
Work-Life Balance Essay Titles

SUGGESTED TOPICS
The Magazine
Newsletters
Managing Yourself
Managing Teams
Work-life Balance
The Big Idea
Data & Visuals
Reading Lists
Case Selections
HBR Learning
Topic Feeds
Account Settings
Email Preferences

6 Common Leadership Styles — and How to Decide Which to Use When

Rebecca Knight

Being a great leader means recognizing that different circumstances call for different approaches.

Research suggests that the most effective leaders adapt their style to different circumstances — be it a change in setting, a shift in organizational dynamics, or a turn in the business cycle. But what if you feel like you’re not equipped to take on a new and different leadership style — let alone more than one? In this article, the author outlines the six leadership styles Daniel Goleman first introduced in his 2000 HBR article, “Leadership That Gets Results,” and explains when to use each one. The good news is that personality is not destiny. Even if you’re naturally introverted or you tend to be driven by data and analysis rather than emotion, you can still learn how to adapt different leadership styles to organize, motivate, and direct your team.

Much has been written about common leadership styles and how to identify the right style for you, whether it’s transactional or transformational, bureaucratic or laissez-faire. But according to Daniel Goleman, a psychologist best known for his work on emotional intelligence, “Being a great leader means recognizing that different circumstances may call for different approaches.”

RK Rebecca Knight is a journalist who writes about all things related to the changing nature of careers and the workplace. Her essays and reported stories have been featured in The Boston Globe, Business Insider, The New York Times, BBC, and The Christian Science Monitor. She was shortlisted as a Reuters Institute Fellow at Oxford University in 2023. Earlier in her career, she spent a decade as an editor and reporter at the Financial Times in New York, London, and Boston.

Leadership Topics for Academic Research Papers

Essays and research papers on leadership topics are very common in high school, college, and university. These assignments come in different forms and lengths. In some cases, students are even asked to come up with leadership topics for discussion in class. Some educators even ask students to give examples of iconic leaders in their communities. These can include presidents, community leaders, team captains, and coaches.

Therefore, leadership is a study area that learners can extensively write about or discuss. But, the most important thing is to choose the right leadership topic ideas.

Leadership Research Topics: What To Write About?

Interesting Leadership Topics
Hot Leadership Training Topics

Organizational Leadership Dissertation Topics

Women in leadership topics, educational leadership research topics.

A paper or essay on leadership focuses on leaders. It gives special consideration to the achievements and challenges faced by those readers and how they overcame them. A leader exhibits certain qualities and skills. These are what enable them to lead and other people agree to follow them.

Topics about leadership can also explore these issues. If you’ve been asked to write an essay or paper in this field, here is a list of leadership topics to consider before getting thesis writing help .

Interesting Leadership Topics

Perhaps, you’re looking for exciting topics about leadership for your papers and essays. In that case, this category has the best options for you. Here are some of the topics that will catch the attention of every reader.

Methods that companies and leaders should use to bridge the gap between socioeconomic status and races
Should mentoring and coaching classes be mandatory for leaders?
Transformation leadership is about persuasion and changing minds
Transformational leadership versus transactional leadership
Transformational leadership is the key to effective organizational change
What are the benefits of autocratic leadership?
Important characteristics of an autocratic leader
How bureaucracies kill leaders
Charismatic leadership can be dangerous- Explain
Laissez-faire leadership behavior can be destructive- explain
How diversity boosts leadership and innovation
Should college performance form the basis of leadership?
Should leaders enhance affirmative action at their workplaces?
Does leadership training help bring up better leaders?
Can employees’ characteristics influence workplace leadership?
How does technology impact leadership?
What sociological factors influence the leadership style of a person?
What are the effects of political and economic factors on organizational leadership?
Can organizational culture hinder effective leadership?
How does the employees’ role affect leadership?

Choose the leadership topics to write about from this category if looking for something exciting to explore. Nevertheless, be ready to spend some time researching your topic to come up with a brilliant paper or essay.

Hot Leadership Training Topics

Leadership training benefits new, current, and even future leaders. People that want to become supervisors and managers can pursue this training. Here are some of the best leadership development topics that learners can explore.

What conflict resolution skills should a leader have?
How can a leader deal with change
Why are problem-solving skills important for a leader?
Why should a leader lead in innovation?
Why is virtual leadership important in the contemporary world?
Project delegating and planning are important for modern leaders- explain
How can a leader build respect and trust?
Can leadership coach boost employees’ performance?
Why communication skills are important for a leader
How can a leader keep his or her followers motivated?
Should leadership training be mandatory for managers and supervisors?
How can leadership training benefit an organization?
Is leadership coaching necessary?
Are leaders made through training or born?
Are there common standards for leadership training?
Does leadership training lead to effective management?
Is leadership training important?
Why should you pursue a course in leadership training?
Can training more leaders enhance community development?
What qualities should prompt you to pursue a course in leadership?

Leadership training teaches a person the techniques and skills they need to succeed once they become leaders. Any of these leadership research topics is a great choice for anybody that wants to become a leader through training.

Are you looking for a dissertation topic and you want to explore the organizational leadership field? If yes, here are some of the best leadership dissertation topics to consider.

Motivation factors that can help organizational leaders implement changes
How important are leadership changes in an organization?
Are the functions of middle-level leaders important in organizational decision-making?
What role does leadership change within an organization play?
Assess the leadership and management contingent role for the middle-level management
Can women use men’s leadership styles within organizations initially dominated by males and employees have this perception?
How the use of messaging apps and free calling by leaders influence organizational communication
Effect of leadership behaviors and organizational culture on company management
Organizational leadership within a multicultural environment
How can army leaders manage different workgroups?
How can blended learning techniques improve organizational leadership?
How can effective leadership save organization money?
How can leadership influence the overall culture of an organization?
How can good leadership improve the performance of an organization?
Should all organizations be compelled to ensure gender balance in leadership?
What are the major leadership challenges in most organizations?
Can an organization mold leaders?
Why should organizations develop leaders who will eventually take over?
Why should organizational leaders keep up with technology?
How can organizational leaders encourage employees to perform better?

These are great dissertation topics in leadership that you can explore if ready to spend time researching and writing. Nevertheless, you should be ready to find relevant examples and case studies to write a brilliant paper about any of these leadership thesis topics.

Women’s leadership topics are common at different academic levels. In some cases, students are asked to come up with leadership presentation topics that focus on females. Here are some of the best women leadership research paper topics that learners can consider.

How society can bring up more women leaders
Why most countries don’t have many women leaders
Can universities help bring up more female leaders?
How does culture affect female leaders?
Can organizations help bring up more women leaders?
How are women leaders changing their societies?
Main challenges facing women leaders
Can older women inspire more women leaders?
Can emotional intelligence help in raising more women leaders?
How does the role of women in their families affect their leadership?
Gender issues that affect female leaders
How organizational cultures affect women leaders
Culture and women leadership
How politics affect female leaders
Role of women in political leadership
Power abuse by female leaders
Factors affecting women leadership at the workplace
Why women leadership matters in modern society
How the economies of most countries affect female leadership
Factors affecting women leadership in the military

These are great leadership essay topics to consider if you want to focus more on female leaders. Again, be ready to research extensively to find relevant examples to support your argument once you choose any of these topics.

Many students are interested in dissertation topics in educational leadership. This is a good study area because educational leadership plays a crucial role in the success of learning institutions. As such, this field is a source of great leadership discussion topics that are worth exploring. Here are some of the best leadership paper topics that learners should consider.

What role does education leadership play in society?
What are the effects of education leadership on literature and researches?
How does education leadership affect a person’s success?
Can education leadership cause transformation?
How to include the community in education leadership
What role can women play in education leadership?
How multidisciplinary teams affect the running of educational institutions
How cultural organization affects leadership in educational institutions
How poor leadership can lead to poor educational results
How social media affects educational leadership
Effects of technology on educational leadership
Why mediocre schools should simulate the leadership of the best performing educational institutions
How culture affects educational leadership
How fighting for leadership among teachers affect students’ performance
Role of students in educational leadership
How can education leadership mold future leaders?
Which is the best leadership style for educational institutions?
How can teachers improve education leadership?
What role can parents play in education leadership?
Why educational leaders should delegate duties

This category also has great leadership speech topics. Nevertheless, you should be prepared to research and cite examples if you choose any of educational research topics .

Leadership is a broad subject. If you can’t find a topic to write about from this list, consider leadership meeting topics and leadership topics for managers. If looking for more specialized ideas in this subject, consider something like nursing leadership paper topics. But regardless of the topic you choose, take your time to research and analyze information to come up with a solid paper.

611 Leadership Essay Topics & Research Questions

Are you searching for the best leadership essay topics? StudyCorgi has collected a list of good essay ideas and research questions about leadership. Read on to find titles for your paper or presentation about challenges organizational leaders face, global leadership issues, ethical problems, and many more!

🏆 Best Leadership Essay Titles

⭐ catchy leadership essay topics, 👍 good leadership research topics & essay examples, 🌶️ hot leadership topics for research, 🎓 most interesting titles for leadership essays, 💡 simple leadership essay ideas, 📌 easy leadership essay topics, 📝 effective leadership titles for essays, ✅ creative leadership paper ideas, ✍️ trending leadership research paper topics, ✒️ unique leadership paper topics, 📚 leadership topics to write about, ✏️ engaging leadership title ideas, 🗣️ leadership topics for presentation, ❓ leadership research questions.

The Samsung Leadership and Strategy
Trait vs. Great Man Theory of Leadership
Ford Motor Company Leadership Style & Management
Apple: Organizational Culture, Structure, and Leadership
Woolworths’ Integrated Cost Leadership/Differentiation Strategy
The Case of Nokia: A Lesson in Leadership and Motivation
Leadership Styles Advantages and Disadvantages
Remember the Titans: Leadership Examples Boone did not want to accept the leadership because of racial prejudices and because he felt like he was doing the same thing that was once done to him.
Lego Group: Leadership and Change Management The focus of this research paper is to explore leadership and change management using Lego Group as an example.
Steve Jobs’ Leadership Style: Essay Example The paper studies the leadership style and traits of Steve Jobs and presents evidence that characterizes the leadership as transformational and charismatic.
Nelson Mandela: Researching of Leadership Nelson Mandela was a unique political leader who, without aggression, was able to build trusting relationships not only with the people of his country but also with other countries.
Leadership and Change Management in Apple Company The paper aims to analyze the data concerning the business performance of Apple Company, its change management practices, the charismatic leadership pattern of Steve Jobs.
Company Leadership: Walmart vs. Target Walmart uses transformational, participative, and democratic leadership styles, a combination of which ensures the company’s success.
Leadership Styles Used by the Church There are many different styles of stewardship that a leader can adopt in controlling church activities: autocratic, despotic, democratic, Laissez-Faire rules, etc.
Leadership Styles in “Moneyball” by Bennett Miller The “Moneyball” movie shows successful and unsuccessful uses of transformational leadership and introduces a character whose choice to employ a new approach leads to a change.
Leadership and Management in Early Childhood Education The paper examines why leadership and management are confused among early childhood education professionals. One can easily understand both terms.
Elon Musk’s Leadership Style and Related Theories There are three main models used in this essay to explore the leadership of Elon Musk, namely behavioral theories, Transformational theory, and path-goal theory.
Mark Zuckerberg’s Leadership Strategies Mark Zuckerberg is one of the most successful leaders despite the criticisms presented by many stakeholders against him.
Marissa Mayer’s Leadership Style at Yahoo! Successful leadership entails identifying the specific demands of an organization and actions to address issues. The paper highlights Marissa Mayer’s leadership style.
The Leadership Theories: Pros and Cons The situational leadership theory, the path-goal theory, and the five-factor personality models might illustrate a leader’s role as a set of skills that can be acquired.
Nursing Leadership and Management This essay explores the similarities and differences between leadership and management in nursing. It focuses on how nurse leaders and managers perceive quality improvement.
The Impact of Apostle Paul Leadership Style Apostle Paul is the most important figure after the death of Jesus. He employed a transformational leadership approach to motivate his followers to change.
Leadership Styles: The Example of Bill Gates and Steve Jobs Through a specific pattern the leader can achieve job satisfaction among workers and increase their productivity.
Change-Oriented Leadership: Transformational and Charismatic Leaders Travis Kalanick is a founder and CEO of Uber, which is considered one of the most successful startups in the recent times. Many have criticized his leadership style.
Sonia Sotomayor: Character and Leadership Sonia Sotomayor became the first Hispanic justice of the United States Supreme Court to be personally appointed by President Barack Obama.
The Concepts of Leadership and Management This report will examine the link between leadership and management, introduce theoretical behavioural approaches to leadership development.
Jeff Immelt’s and Jack Welch’s Leadership at General Electric This paper will analyze the core competencies and capabilities of General Electric, and outline the differences in management styles of Jeff Immelt and Jack Welch.
Leadership in Health Care: Situational Leadership Theory The paper discusses the leadership issues in health care. It demonstrates that the particularities of emergency care units necessitate a flexible approach to leadership.
Emirates Airline: Leadership Styles and Performance The study investigated the influence of four leadership styles on the organizational performance of Emirates Airline from the perspective of communication.
Proposal for New Leadership Training Before implementing change within an organization, it is important for management team to acquire effective leadership training.
Critical Reflection Report (Leadership) Many people mix-up the concepts of Leadership and Management with each other. Leadership and Management are not the same thing.
Importance of Leadership in Business In an organization that leadership is accepted as part of management principle, workers show a positive mind-set hence increasing the level of performance.
Berkshire Hathaway: Management and Leadership The impact of the efficient and supportive management style of an organisation determine conflict management ability.
Howard Schultz’s Servant Leadership at Starbucks Howard Schultz’s managerial style at Starbucks is admired and analyzed by many scholars. As the C.E.O., he applied servant leadership efficiently in order to empower his followers.
A Difference Between Leadership and Management It needs to be understood that leadership and management are different. Most performing managers possess leadership traits, but not all leaders can manage effectively.
The Role of Leader and Leadership in the Organization In an organization, success and failure are dependent on the manager, and the manager’s success and failure are based on his leadership qualities.
Trait Approach and Skills Approach to Leadership Leaders play critical roles that set new directions and visionary performance ideals within institutions. Leaders improve effectiveness and competence during service delivery.
Management and Leadership in the Hospitality Industry This paper aims to evaluate the validity of leveraging competencies of leadership and management in an attempt to achieve competitive advantage.
Leadership Approaches During the COVID-19 Pandemic As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, leaders need to act in an environment of unpredictability and incomplete information.
Social Sciences: A World Without Leadership This paper will analyze a world that is, in fact, void of leadership and affirm that leaders are the driving force behind every prosperous civilization.
Steve Jobs’ Leadership Style and Emotional Intelligence This paper will focus on Steve Jobs’s style of leadership, change management leadership, motivating approaches, and emotional intelligence.
Leadership Styles in “Apollo 13” by Ron Howard In Apollo 13 directed by Ron Howard, it is possible to observe several types of leadership that are mostly represented by such characters as Jim Lovell and Gene Kranz.
Examples of Ethical and Unethical Leadership in History One of the most relevant areas in modern social sciences has become theoretical and practical research into the phenomenon of leadership.
Sony Corporation’s Leadership and Effectiveness One of the world’s leading manufacturers for the consumer and business industries in audio, video, communications, and information technology is Sony Corporation.
Personal Leadership Development Plan Managerial leaders drive an organization with the kind of decision they make; the quality of decision creates a competitive advantage to a firm.
Change Management at Zoom: Leadership in Organizational Change The ongoing coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has forced entrepreneurs and leaders of giant corporations to transform their business models.
Statesmanship Model and Organizational Leadership Statesmanship remains relevant in modern organizational leadership and communication, perhaps even more relevant than ever before.
Situational Leadership Model: Strengths and Weaknesses This paper examines the situational leadership model, revealing its strengths and possible weaknesses, and shows how it works in practice by investigating particular case studies.
Trends and Issues in Nursing: Leadership and Management The health sector is one of the most important sectors in any society. Through proper management and leadership of nurses, reliable services will be delivered.
Leadership in “Erin Brockovich” Film In the “Erin Brockovich” movie, the main protagonist, Erin, is a transformational leader, he shows passion and determination until the desired outcome is achieved.
Poor Leadership Decision: A Case Study Leadership is a complex position associated with the necessity to make difficult decisions that will directly affect the performance of the unity.
Leadership and Change Portfolio: Ooredoo Ooredoo, a Qatari multinational telecommunication company, was founded in 1987 as a telephone exchange company and is today one of the largest communication operators.
Team Effectiveness Leadership Model Various issues could be addressed by the team effectiveness leadership model in which the leader should dedicate his efforts.
The Role of Time Management in Leadership Modern leaders pay much attention to time management as it is one of the constant and irreversible things in the work of any organization.
Leadership Styles and Their Effect on Employees This study determines the leadership styles employed by managers and the relationship that exists between these leadership styles and their impact on the employees.
Starbucks’ Culture and Howard Schultz’s Leadership Success at Starbucks Corporation is directly attributed to the efficient communication and practical leadership.
Leadership Style and Change Advocacy Statement The paper aims to examine the problem of nursing staff stress and present thoughts and research on how this issue can be overcome with the help of nursing leadership.
Leadership in Project Management and Team-Building The paper discusses leadership in team-building and project management, compares leadership and management, classifies leaders and styles of leadership.
Mary Teresa Barra’s Transformational Leadership The case of Mary Teresa Barra, CEO of General Motors, is an interesting example of how transformational leadership can result in improved organisational performance.
Google Company: Leadership and Motivation This paper uses the case of Google to explain why business and leadership models are usually supported by admirable organizational cultures.
Wal-Mart’s Leadership in Crafting and Executing Strategy Wal-Mart Company was selected because it was associated with sustainable business strategies capable of fulfilling the emerging needs of more stakeholders.
Leadership Styles in the Forrest Gump Film Forrest managed to inspire Elvis Presley, who imitated Forrest’s dance moves. As such, he received a football scholarship and became a top running back.
Socially Responsible Leadership in Education The article “Discerning Professional Identity” discusses socially responsible leadership in the education and teaching profession.
Warren Buffet as a Leader and the Leadership Style That He Embodies The paper argues and discusses company’s survival is greatly influenced by the individual temperament and abilities of its leader.
Jack Welch’s Transformational Leadership Analysis Jack Welch is an example of a transformational leader. As a leader, he is known as an inspiring motivator and intellectual stimulator.
Leadership in the 21st Century Leaders must have professional skills in scheduling, time management, allocation of resources, and delegating responsibilities among their auxiliaries.
Adobe Inc.’s Five Forces and Leadership Analysis In this paper, the Adobe organization will be assessed through Porter’s Five Forces model, and the employed leadership model will be analyzed.
Effective Leadership: The Biblical Perspective Effective leadership from a biblical perspective is a God manifested character to influence and serve others through Christ’s interests to accomplish God’s purposes.
Self-Leadership and Management The paper provides a detailed assessment of management strengths and weaknesses, the strategies to build leadership capabilities, and the approach used to inspire followership.
Leadership Style and Performance in UK Restaurants This research paper explores leadership behavior orientations within the restaurant sector in the UK in terms of their relationship to employee motivation.
Leadership at the Workplace This paper will focus upon the different leadership behaviors and the best leadership behavior which should be adopted to meet the company’s goals.
Leadership and Management in Criminal Justice Understanding why leadership and management are helpful in the judiciary and law enforcement will go a long way to streamlining the criminal offices.
Psychodynamic Approach to Leadership Development The psychodynamic approach to leadership is a philosophy of human behavior that focuses on reasons or forces that drive individualistic societal attributes.
Individual Leadership Development Plan and Report The individual leadership development report focused on conducting a self-assessment to help outline and explain my personal strengths and weaknesses.
Leadership Theories and Examples Leadership theories are schools of thought brought forward to explain how and why certain individuals become leaders.
Chapter 4 of Dugan’s Leadership Theory Chapter 4 of Dugan’s Leadership Theory primarily focuses on the person-centered theories of leadership: strength-based leadership, emotionally intelligent leadership, etc.
Exploring the Effects of the Leadership Style on the Performance of an Organization Leadership styles that help people develop their skills and abilities have been recommended for use by organizations.
Transformational Leadership in Case of Walt Disney Transformational leadership is an effective model for influencing performance and learning. The style allows workers to receive positive influence and become more involved.
Strategic Leadership Course Reflection One can improve their leadership capabilities through training and development, which is how I plan on contributing to the well-being of my organisation.
Cultural Difference in Leadership and Communication One of the most important issues in understanding cultural differences is that culture has a significant effect on individuals’ personalities, attitudes, behavior, and performance.
Foundations of Army Leadership Leaders influence people not just through the instructions they give, but also through their words and actions.
Leadership Challenges and How to Overcome Them This paper focuses upon the most difficult challenges which the leaders have to face to be called successful leaders and how successful leaders face those challenges.
Leadership Example for Exxon Mobil Top Management The present case study focuses on the leadership style used by the NYC Comptroller, Mr. Scott M. Stringer. The target audience of the report is the top management of Exxon Mobil.
Leadership Styles in Government Institutions This research paper digs deeper in order to understand the issues and leadership styles implemented in government institutions.
Nursing Leadership and Management: Isaac’s Case This paper discusses Isaac’s case, offers the solution options to the problem, using nursing leadership, and analyzes issues and conflicts on the work.
Leadership Styles and Macbeth’s Leadership Shakespeare’s Macbeth showed that he was a capable leader at the beginning of the play, but later on, he became overly authoritative.
Norman Schwarzkopf’s Leadership Styles The uncanny personal magnetism possessed by General Norman Schwarzkopf enabled him to work with a diverse group of people.
Great Man Theory of Leadership An evaluation of the great man will help explain how it reflects the leadership components of the RN’s role and enhances inter-professional practice.
Educational Leadership: Literature Review This paper reviews literature on key issues that are necessary for educational leaders such as the provision of vision driven by values to school fraternity and others.
Situational, Transformational, and Transactional Leadership The purpose of this essay is to examine situational leadership, its fundamental principles, philosophical assumptions, and main elements.
Leadership Theories in the Healthcare Industry There has been extensive research on the effectiveness of leadership style and of theories in different areas of work such as business, nursing, education, military, and politics.
Richard Branson’s Leadership Style Sir Richard Branson is one of the world’s most fascinating, triumphant, and enduring entrepreneurial business leaders. This essay provides an overview of Richard Branson’s leadership style.
The Everyday Leadership TED Talk by Drew Dudley Leadership is an exceptionally crucial ability in all areas of life. Leaders influence others and can shape the direction of the development of their organization.
The Followership and Servant Leadership Comparison Followership and servant leadership have a wide range of similarities and differences based on interaction principles and appealing to certain elements.
Nursing Leadership and Management: Quantum Leadership The quantum approach is essential in the management of complex situations that are experienced in contemporary work situations.
Nursing Leadership and the System of Christian Values Effective healthcare is partially built on the notion of leadership and management in nursing as it is one of its most extensive domains.
Leadership Styles of Benazir Bhutto and Shirin Ebadi This paper aims to compare the leadership styles of Benazir Bhutto and Shirin Ebadi. These two prominent political activists have made a significant influence on their countries.
Application of Leadership Theory Effective leadership is essential for a successful organization. However, it is not a simple role to fulfill, and it can involve a lot of different situations, goals, and interactions.
Dr. Rosser-Mims’ Diversity Model and Leadership Style The diversity model described by Dr. Rosser-Mims refers to the variety of differences in people’s characteristics and behaviors that are combined in a single environment.
Military Mindset: Leadership, Discipline, Resilience, and Teamwork This literature review will focus on the four themes identified in the context of the military mindset, which are leadership, discipline, resilience, and teamwork.
Nelson Mandela’s Leadership Nelson Mandela is widely known for his extraordinary personality and exceptional contribution to his people’s well-being. He was a truly transformational leader.
Contingency and Situational Theory in Leadership This essay focuses on contingency theory and situational theory in leadership, compares these theories, mentions the importance of various factors affecting leadership.
True Leadership in the Invictus Film This paper discusses the role of true leadership as depicted in the film Invictus by focusing on the two main characters – Mandela and Pienaar.
Diversity and Inclusion in Educational Leadership Diversity in education sectors is an opportunity to explore the creativity of teams of people with cultural, racial, and ethnic backgrounds through leadership.
Amazon Company: Organization and Leadership With electronic performance monitoring, a company like Amazon can supervise and analyze an employee’s activities in real-time.
Leadership Development Plan Based on the Bible Principles Developed leadership skills can inspire further engagement from the staff, and Biblical principles of Leadership are intertwined to bring out one perfect guide.
Servant Leadership: Chinese Culture and Confucianism It is necessary to note that the principles associated with servant leadership are consistent with the values found in Confucianism and Christianity.
Transformational Leadership of Jesus Christ Christ’s view of leadership is expressed in leadership in service, which is the desire to enrich and improve the lives of guided people through unselfish service.
Transformational Leadership and Management The paper compares leadership and management and analysis the theory of transformational leadership applying it to healthcare and business contexts.
The Concept of Sustainable Leadership The paper discusses the true meaning of sustainability leadership. It is a mindful effort of a leader to manage the resources they are in charge of.
Leadership and Influence Process Only leaded by the right person, a group of people can become a closely-knit team. Surely, a leader should behave in a particular way.
Power Dynamics in Leadership The alternative hypothesis indicates that military leadership is the best alternative form of leadership that could provide direction for small businesses to succeed.
Business Management and Leadership Qualities A business leader should possess personal convincing qualities which leads other people’s morale to perform a job which will contribute to the Business’ success.
Leadership Development Strategy for Human Capital The research examines factors that need to be considered when designing an leadership and management development strategy to build human and social capital.
Transformational Leadership and Theory Y in Nursing Leadership refers to the use of skills, knowledge, and character traits of an individual with the goal of achieving mutually negotiated outcomes.
General Motors Firm’s Leadership Approaches This paper outlines General Motors’ corporation leadership approaches, competitive advantages, possible challenges, and the most appropriate strategies.
God’s and Elijah’s Formal and Informal Leadership This paper will discuss formal and informal leadership represented by God and Elijah the Prophet, respectively.
Napoleon Bonaparte: Autocratic and Charismatic Leadership Based on current evidence, Napoleon’s charismatic style can be applied currently while autocratic methods create resistance.
Leadership and Management: Case Study Analysis In order to sustain the business operations in a competitive environment, a company requires to have sound strategies for marketing, communication, research and development, sales, social responsibility.
Leadership Trait Questionnaire and Reflection The trait approach to leadership suggests that a good leader has traits that help them to influence the team as well as provide effective results.
Role of Leadership in Managing Patagonia’s Change Changes in operations and strategies are very known modes of change emerging from natural occurrences such as climate and weather while some are from economical enforcement.
Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Adaptable Mixed Leadership D. Roosevelt was highly adaptable in his leadership practices, utilizing a mixed-methods approach of democratic leadership and charisma.
David: The Legacy of Leadership This paper analyzes King David’s life and personality in depth based on the books of Samuel, Chronicles, and Kings as well as defines David’s leadership model and makes a case for its relevance today.
Apple Inc.’s Strategic Leadership and Innovation Heracleous and Papachroni explore strategic leadership and innovation at Apple, Inc., performed by Steve Jobs, a founder of the organization.
Leadership, Management Style and Organizational Performance The focus on globalization and multiculturalism has emphasised the importance of understanding Organizational productivity and team effectiveness.
Richard Branson’s Leadership and Philosophy The paper discusses Richard Branson’s leadership styles and how they fit into his philosophy, including their implications on his groups of business.
Communication and Leadership in Nursing Communication is an essential part of life. No institution can operate without communication between its staff and leaders. In nursing, leaders have to utilize effective communication strategies.
Leadership and Team Management Leadership and team management are complex tasks that often go hand in hand. One of those hardships is motivating the team in unfortunate circumstances.
Contemporary Leadership Challenges Leadership is one of the most researched topics in social sciences because of its relevance in different fields.
Leadership Style and Nursing People have come up with different leadership styles to enable them to manage, motivate and direct their employees.
Nursing Informatics in Leadership Nursing informatics is the field that integrates healthcare, data science, computer science to manage and communicate a significant amount of information and advances.
Importance of the Effective Leadership A leader must exhibit traits of accepting and solving wide varieties of business problems and issues, of different hues and have varying levels of impacts on business environment.
Communication Effects on Leadership Communication is the key to effective leadership. It is only through good communication skills that a leader is able to manage people without making them feel subdued.
Power, Leadership, and Machiavellian Theory Machiavelli’s work has received responses from other famous authors arguing that his principles inspire state and corporation modern management techniques.
Servant Leadership in the Church and Its Purpose This research paper analyzes three main components: the Pastor’s relationship with Leadership, the purpose of Servant Leadership, and the personal qualities of the minister.
Ethical Leadership Virtues Questionnaire The Leadership Virtues Questionnaire promotes ethical leadership by measuring the four virtues to ensure leaders develop the required behavior.
Leadership Development in the US Army The following essay discusses the concept of leadership development, its importance in the US army, and further research.
Personal Leadership Portrait: Leadership Reflections The public health field is challenging to manage and navigate, but a collaborative and supportive team environment can help immensely.
Amazon: The Leadership Strategies The aim of the study is to analyze the leadership strategies of Amazon with the UAE as a potential market to determine the essence of the local market and strategies for expansion.
The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Servant Leadership Theory The paper discusses the servant leadership style. It is one of the most controversial management practices. It includes many psychological and practical elements.
Leadership and Conflict Management The primary goal of the following paper is to present a practical way to employ conflict management skills within a team.
A Case Study on Educational Leadership The paper analyzes the case and identifies the problems within the school, with poor leadership being the priority issue and looks for subsequent improvement.
Skills Approach: Personal Leadership Reflection Leadership is not a singular term as it contains within itself a variety of approaches and types of leadership. Each of them holds its own strengths and weaknesses.
Leader-Member Exchange Theory and Transformational Leadership The Leader-Member Exchange Theory focuses on the actual interaction process between the frontrunner and followers, and in theory, it is often referred to as a dyadic relationship.
Strategic Leadership and Knowledge at Amazon This paper reflects on the strategies to manage knowledge and an analysis of how Amazon leverages and makes use of knowledge as a strategic advantage.
Personal Leadership Philosophy Statement This paper discusses the importance of personal leadership philosophy in public safety, specifically within the context of emergency management organizations.
Leadership in Church and Its Theological Aspects In theology, leadership has various meanings, but all have their foundation in Christ. All leaders aspire to follow in the footsteps of Jesus and lead others to redemption.
Elon Musk: Evaluating Leadership in the United States Elon Musk was born on 28th June 1871 in Pretoria, South Africa. He has founded and cofounded some of the most renowned corporations globally, including Tesla Motors Corporation.
Leadership in the Hospitality Sector Leadership in the hospitality sector has very few distinctive features that make it any different from leadership in any other domain.
Application of Leadership Theories Three commonly used leadership styles of situational leadership and transformational leadership offer leadership direction in an organization.
Leadership Theories in Nursing Practice Contingency leadership and transformational leadership theories both focus on investigating components of relative climate, which may impact the productivity of administration.
Followership Leadership vs. Servant Leadership Followership leadership focuses on followers and servant leadership focuses on leaders, but they are similar since the core element is service, empathy, and proactiveness.
Strategic Leadership in Examples from Personal Experience This essay presents the three examples of leadership from my personal experience of managing teams in several projects for my organisation.
Women’s Role and Leadership in the Church Although the Bible calls for women’s submissiveness, they have some roles in the church. Older women are supposed to teach young women good conduct and ways of the church.
Angela Merkel’s Leadership Style – Article Evaluation Angela Merkel is a transformational leader as demonstrated by her role in the Euro Crisis. The German economy still enjoys a strong position in Europe.
Personal Development and Leadership Program in Education The implementation of Personal Development and Leadership Programme in learning institutions. This is a curriculum course developed by Development Skills.
Leadership and Self Empowerment Life of people is full of mutual relationships which then define the roles of the people in the community and the further implementations of their talents and abilities.
Organizational Behavior. Leadership and Self-Assessment The internal character of a leader can be measured through testing, and this can pave way for self-development.
Leadership Problems: Organizational Change The 4th Armored Brigade Combat Team (ABCT) faces a critical leadership problem affecting the unit’s delivery of its obligations and affecting its reputation.
Nelson Mandela’s Servant Leadership Principles This paper examines how Nelson Mandela employed servant leadership traits to lead, motivate, and influence others.
Innovative Leadership Reflection Moving a company and ensuring its strong position in a target market, is a challenging task due to the necessity to motivate employees and foster loyalty to the firm among them.
Jim Mallozzi’s Positive Leadership in Real Estate Jim Mallozzi fosters leadership as a key aspect of organizational success. The kind of leadership has direct effects on its realization of the vision, mission, and business goals.
The Situational Leadership Model Situational leadership is one of the most commonly used leadership models in the contemporary world. Its impact and effectiveness boost its popularity among some of the best business leaders today.
Marriott Hotels: Organisational Leadership and Strategy Marriott Hotels is one of the most multifaceted and internationally assorted organizations of the hospitality industry. The researcher has put emphasize over the leadership of the organization.
Character, Leadership, and Moral Code in Christianity Morality is determined by the Christian system of views, the eternal and unchangeable laws of good, unlike Greek, where virtue is based on behavioral traditions of etiquette.
Wise Men’s Leadership in the Old Testament The Old Testament is a great book of universal human significance since it carries information about not only religion but the state and power structure.
Leadership, Team Building and Communication Communication and leadership are two essential parts of modern organizations, so my interests are to investigate the relations between these two concepts.
Leadership Styles Comparison: Authoritarian, Democratic, and Laissez-Faire Leadership
Engaging Others with Leadership
Women in International Business and Leadership
A Social Identity Theory of Leadership by Michael Hogg
Leadership Styles in Business
The Importance of Effective Leadership in Public Safety
Organizational Culture, Structure, and Leadership in the 21st Century
FedEx Corporation’s Leadership Experience Interview
Transformational Leadership in Pakistan’s Banking Sector
Human Relations: Values, Leadership and Power
Jack Welch’s Leadership at General Electric
Robert Kiyosaki’s Leadership Style
Leadership, Management and Change
Alan Mulally’s Leadership in Ford Motor Company
Servant Leadership in the Remember the Titans Film
Leadership at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
Work Ethics and Productivity: Leadership Theory
Leadership Styles and Examples Throughout History
The Definition of Public Health Leadership
Analysis of Leadership in the Intensive Care Unit
Transformational Leadership Approach to Conflict Management in Emergency Care
“Leadership and the New Science” by M. Wheatley
The Nature of Leadership
Delegation in Leadership Process
Path-Goal Theory of Leadership
Transformational & Transactional Leadership Theories
Leadership Style and Its Impact on Employees: Case Study Analysis
Steward Versus Servant Leadership in Christianity
Elon Musk’s and Jeff Bezos’ Leadership Styles
Servant Leadership in Early Childhood Education
Ethical Issues in Hitler’s Leadership
Confusion of Leadership With Management
Transformational Leadership the Field of Nursing
Leadership in Motivating Healthcare Staff to Increase Performance
Leadership in Different Spheres of Life
Delegation of Leadership Skills
The Relationship of Leadership to the Politics of the Organization
Adaptive Leadership Theory Analysis
Servant Leaders in “Jesus on Leadership: Developing Servant Leaders” by Gene Wilkes
Country-Club Leadership Style in Teaching Profession
Warren Buffet’s and Al Gore’s Leadership Styles
Participative Leadership Style and Its Benefits
Quality Management Role in Effective Leadership
Richard Branson’s Organic Leadership
Importance of the Teacher Leadership
Psychology of Leadership Theories
Leadership and Army Profession
Nurture and Nature in Leadership
A Self-Assessment of Leadership
Dominant and Backup Leadership Styles
The Bastard’s Best Qualities for Effective Leadership
Leadership in Healthcare Management & Administration
Leadership Theory and Practice
Transformational Versus Servant Leadership
Reflection on Leadership and Professionalism
Leadership Strategies for Conflict Management in Nursing
Leadership and Self-Deception Analysis by Arbinger Institute
Authentic Leadership in the Teaching Environment
Leadership and Management in the Patient-Centred Care
Leadership in Organizational Behavior
Creating a Positive School Culture: The Servant Leadership Style and Facilitative Leadership
Leadership in the Context of Globalization
Leadership Styles Analysis and Comparison
IBM Company’s Leadership and Innovation Management
Authentic Leadership in Early Childhood Teaching
Richard Branson’s Rule-Breaking Leadership Style
Skrill Limited Company: Leadership and Management
Leadership: Challenges, Change and Responsibility
Leadership Approaches: Similarities and Differences
Leadership Competencies in Nursing
The Christian Leadership, Stewardship, and Ethics
The Transformational Leadership in Nursing
A Leadership Development Plan for a Nurse Manager
Steve Jobs’ Leadership Style and Apple’s Success
Leadership for Strategy Execution
Microsoft and Apple, Inc.: Leadership Styles
Martin Luther King’s Leadership
Leadership Styles and Employee Performance
Abusive Leadership Effects on Employee Performance
Sports Ministry Plan Using Cross-Cultural Leadership
The Differences between Leadership and Management
Benedict Arnold’s Leadership Traits
The Role of Storytelling in Effective Leadership
Aspects of Leadership and Its Practical Implications
Ineffective Leadership in Business
Leadership and Change in Healthcare Management
Transformational Leadership Style in Geriatric Nursing
Effective Leadership: Leadership Requirements Model
Collaboration and Leadership Reflection in Nursing
Servant Leadership and Desmond Tutu
Leadership Styles: Buffet and Ghosn
Models of Mass Communication and Opinion Leadership
Project Manager’s Leadership Qualities for Success
Different Leadership Styles Comparison
Moral Intelligence and Leadership Success
Role of Ethics in Healthcare Leadership
Democratic Style of Leadership and Attributes of Leadership in Graduate Nursing
Autocratic, Consultative, Group-Based Leadership
A New Model for Ethical Leadership by Bazerman
The Impact of Remote Leadership on the Global Business Organization
John Gardner: Contributions to Community Leadership
Servant Leadership: A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood
Godly Leadership Principles in Testaments
Transformational Leadership in Nursing
Leadership Styles Definition and Analysis
Personal Leadership Experience: Case Analysis
Nursing Leadership, Technology, and Informatics
Philosophy of Nursing Leadership: Transformational Leadership Philosophy
Adaptive Leadership in Health Care
Core Values and Leadership
The Foundation of Army Leadership and Military Training
Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire: Overview
A Lot of Impact by Leadership Style on Early Childhood
Ford Motor Company’s Strategic Leadership
Ethics in Business Leadership
Criminal Justice Leadership: Challenges in the Present and Improving for the Future
The Idea of Leadership: “Servants of the Servant” by Don N. Howell, Jr.
Giltinane’s “Leadership Styles and Theories” Article
Leadership Psychology and Behaviors
Integrity in Relationships and Leadership
Marissa Ann Mayer’s Leadership at Yahoo! Inc.
Leadership vs. Management: Distinctive Features
Healthcare Policy, Leadership and Performance
Axel Springer Company’s Strategic Leadership
Group Therapy and Leadership Functions
Margaret Whitman’s Leadership: EBay Company’s Case
The Link Between Nursing Leadership and Cultural Diversity
Lego’s Change Under Jorgen Knudstorp’s Leadership
Leadership in Nursing and Midwifery
GLOBE Study of Leadership for Multinationals
Leadership in Organizations: Concepts and Approaches
Robert Nardelli Leadership Style
Trust and Transparency in Management and Leadership of Health Care Organizations
Counseling: The Role of Leadership and Advocacy
The Role of the Leadership in Nursing
Apple’s vs. Walmart’s Organizational Leadership Strategy
Transformational Leadership: The Case Study
Bill George’s Authentic Leadership Ideas
Servant Leadership, Emotional Intelligence, and Performance
Satya Nadella’s and Ken Lay’s Leadership Styles
Apple Inc.’s Market Position and Leadership
Leadership: Definitions and Perspectives
Management and Leadership in Healthcare
Goleman’s and Classic Leadership Styles
Followership and Servant Leadership in Army Officers
Leadership and Motivation Impact on Repsol Organisational Culture
Emotional Intelligence and Leadership
Leadership in Healthcare Overview
Six Leadership Traits: Overview and Definition
Impact of Leadership Behavior and Style on Workplace
The Visionary Leadership
Effective Leadership Styles and Its Roles
Public Administration: Trait Approach to Leadership
The Foundation of Army Leadership
Leadership and Management: Differences and Similarities
Situational Leadership Theory by Hersey and Blanchard
Leadership Effectiveness and Communication Styles
“Bad Leadership” by Barbara Kellerman
Effective Leadership Skills in Practice
Applied Management: Developing Leadership Skills
29 Leadership Secrets from Jack Welch
Connection Between Management and Leadership
The Undeniable Strength of Great Leaders: “Moses and the Journey to Leadership” by Norman J. Cohen
Leadership Simulation Using ExperienceChange Model
Carlos Ghosn’s Leadership at Nissan Motor Co.
Ethic-of-Care and Ethic-of-Justice in Nursing Leadership
Advanced Practice Registered Nurse and Leadership
Leadership Role in Shaping Organizational Culture
Good Leadership and Its Importance in Nursing
Leadership in Health Administration
The Role of Leadership Traits and Situational Factors in Achieving Success
Servant Leadership in a Police Organization
Army Leadership and Military Profession
Leadership in Sports: Sport Psychology
Researching of Responsible Leadership
Leadership Theories, Principles, and Values
Business Strategies: Cost Leadership and Differentiation
Essential Skills for Effective Leadership and Management
Strategic Planning and Leadership in Healthcare
Leadership Behaviors, Honesty and Ambition
Servant Leadership and Communication: Islam Religion and Indian Culture
Spiritual Leadership Book Reflection
Leadership Analysis of St. John the Compassionate Mission
Effectiveness of Leadership: The Case Study
Churchill’s Leadership as a British Prime Minister During World War II
Covid-19 Effects and Leadership Challenges
Transactional and Transformational Leadership: Advantages and Disadvantages
Reflecting on Leadership Skills – A Personal Evaluation
Effects of TransFormational Leadership on Subordinates
Leadership Theories: The Best Leadership Style
Change Leadership in the Baptist Health South Florida Hospital
Democratic, Autocratic and Servant Leadership
Leadership Style: Which It Should Be?
Leadership and Management During COVID-19 Pandemic
Servant Leadership and Followership
Trait and Behavioral Theories of Leadership
Leadership Styles and Approaches in Detail
The Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory
Leadership: Definition and Key Issues
The Link Between Corporate Culture and Ethical Leadership
Nursing Leadership Regarding Holiday Coverage
Contemporary Theories on Leadership
Business Management and Leadership
Leadership Theory: Human Relations Approach
Organizational Management and Leadership at Hitachi Ltd Canada
The Importance Role of Leadership in Nursing
Leadership in Organizations: Bush W. George
Holistic Thinking in Leadership
Leadership Styles and Theories in Healthcare
Leadership & Management: What the Future Looks Like
Todd McFarlane’s Leadership Approach
Democratic Leadership Style and Responsibilities
Ethical Leadership Model in Organizations
Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.’s Work Environment Leadership
“Leadership for Sustainability” by Metcalf & Benn
Leadership and Globalization in the US and Japan
Nursing Approaches in Leadership and Management
Leadership History and Evolution
The Authentic Leadership and Nurses Experiences
Motivation Types and Leadership Styles in Nursing
Entrepreneurial Leadership: Strategies and Challenges
Can Effective Business Leadership Be Learned?
Democratic Leadership and Management Style
Concord Hospital Leadership Management
Taxonomy of Leadership Theories
Organizational Culture, Structure, and Leadership in the 21st century
Leadership: Mission and Skills
Leadership Models in Healthcare
The Role of Leadership: Crisis Management
Johnson and Johnson: Best Practices in Leadership Development Case
Corporate Social Responsibility and Ethical Leadership
Transformational Leadership and Student Achievement
Workplace Culture and Leadership in Nursing
Walmart’s Leadership and Business During COVID-19
Central Pillars of “Level 5 Leadership” by Collins
Transformational and Abusive Leadership of Employees
Women’s Leadership and Communication Theories
Ethical Leadership and Social Learning Theory
Leadership Transition Challenges in the Intersex Society
Responsible Leadership and Followership in Africa
Leadership Skills vs. Management Skills
German Leadership in the European Union
Professional Platform for Ethics and Leadership
Leadership Styles’ Impact on Innovation Performance
Social Entrepreneurship and Leadership Styles
A Plan to Improve the Way I Lead: The Path-Goal Theory of Leadership
The Leadership Gold Book by John Maxwell
Strategic Leadership at the National Organization for Human Services
Leadership Concept in Business Environment
The Samsung Firm’s Leadership Failure
Leadership Issues in the Department of Homeland Security
Instrumental Values as a Tool in the Leadership Approach
The Leadership Development Plan
Organizational Learning and Leadership
Personal Leadership Experience: Position and Leadership Style
Understanding of the Leadership Process
Leadership and Management Differences
Servant Leadership in Healthcare
Leadership Styles and Their Function in Workspace
Fundamentals of Army Leadership
Servant Leadership and Followership: Comparison
Role of Leadership Style in Organizational Change
Kamala Harris Leadership in Politics
Leadership and Cross-Cultural Differences
Leadership Styles: Organizational Change and Quality Management
Comparison of Leadership Models and Styles
The Leadership in Nursing and Clinical Organizations
Leadership Followership Relationship
Transformational Leadership in Healthcare
Healthcare Management and Leadership
Nursing Leadership and Management Styles Analysis
Followership and Servant Leadership
Leadership in Nonprofit Organizations
“José Mourinho: Special Leadership” by Luis Lourenço
Conscious Leadership: Self-Assessment of Leadership
Personal Leadership Brand for Women
Royal Airlines’ Poor Leadership
Gender Issues in the Leadership of the Organization
African American Leadership: Articles Review
Leadership and Organizational Behavior: U.S. and India
Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior
Leadership Application and Leadership by Example
Women Leadership Within the Church
Strategic Shared Leadership and Organizational Dynamic Capabilities
Nursing Leadership Experience in the Development of an Educational Program for Patients
Clinical Leadership and Hospital Performance
Nurse Managers’ Leadership Styles
Change Management in Healthcare: Using the Principles of Transformational Leadership
Organizational Leadership Challenges and Leadership Theories to Overcome Them
Most Effective Leadership Styles in Modern World
New Orleans Police Department’s Ethics and Leadership
Strength-Based Leadership in Nursing Management
Leadership Behavior and Skills Inventory
Leadership Concepts: Theory and Critical Discussion
Leadership and Professional Development
Authentic Leadership’ Aspects
Organizational Behavior Aspects and Leadership Style
Team Management and Leadership
Ciputra Group and Leadership Theories
Transformational Leadership and Patient-Centered Care
Situational Leadership: Main Aspects
Chipotle Mexican Grill Inc.’s Leadership Outcomes
Leadership Styles: Then and Now
Workplace Violence and Leadership Styles in Nursing
Crucibles of Leadership: Professional and Personal Growth
New Leadership Theories: Servant, Spiritual, Authentic and Ethical Leaderships
Nursing Leadership: Plan of Action
Company W’s Bureaucratic Leadership
Situational and Adaptive Leadership in Organizations
SilkQueen Company Leadership Styles and Cultural Differences
Home Depot Company’s Leadership and Culture Change
Leadership within Non-Profits Organizations
Leadership and Management Importance in Organisations
Gary C. Kelly’s Leadership at Southwest Airlines
General Leadership Perspectives: The Impact of Articles on Understanding Leadership
Hernandez & Associates Agency’s Team Leadership Model
Leadership: Power, Authority, and Influence Selections
Leadership Styles: Garry Kelly in Southwest Airlines
Humility’s Impact in Leadership
Conflict Management and Leadership Skills
Instructional Leadership and Teaching Practices
Leadership and Management: Reliability, Validity, and Approaches
Personality Traits vs. Leadership Styles
President Biden: Executive Leadership Style
Leadership Challenges as an Educator
Applying Leadership to Enable Staff Achievement
Integrated Leadership Development Program
The Leadership Experience and Personal Approach
Army Leadership Values and Characteristics
President Joe Biden’s Effective Leadership
Five Leadership Levels in the Army
Personal Philosophy of Entrepreneurial Leadership
4th Armored Brigade Combat Team Leadership
The Impact of Leadership Styles in Enhancing Quality Culture
Personal Experience: Developing Leadership
Army Leadership and Command Authority
Leadership Deficiency in the Military
American Organization for Nursing Leadership
Leadership Types in Theory and Practice
Advocacy in Nursing Leadership
Combat to Corporate: Migrating from Military Leadership to Business
Bolman and Deal’s Four Frames of Leadership
Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Style
Effective Leadership Skills to Motivate and Empower Nursing Faculty
Practicum Project on Developing and Strengthening Leadership and Management Skills of Nurses
Leadership: The Efficiency of the Company
Transformational Leadership Impact on the Team’s Performance
Leadership and Communication in Healthcare Setting
Leadership Vision and Scriptures
Transformational Leadership Style as the Most Effective One
Situational Leadership: Roles and Importance
Leadership Theories and Questionnaires
Hospital-Acquired Infections: Leadership Action Plan
Servant Leadership: Seven Distinct Characteristics
Foundation of Army Leadership: Definition of Individual Leadership
Leadership Philosophy: Understanding, Theories, and a Leadership Role Model
Time Management Skills in Leadership
Leadership Theory: Personal Experiences
Contemporary Leadership: Transactional and Transformational
Effective Leadership Styles For Inner City School Principals
Barack Obama’s Leadership Qualities
Nelson Mandela: Icon of Influential Leadership
XYZ: Business Management and Leadership
Leadership and Gender Relations Analysis
The Two Faces of Leadership: Considering the Dark Side of Leader-Follower Dynamics
Thai-Lay Fashion Ltd.: Leadership and Motivation
Leadership Styles and Management in Practice
Authority and Leadership: Rising From the Ranks
Leadership Styles and Theories in Nursing
Boston Beer Company’s Corporate Leadership
Positive Psychology for Military Leadership
Authentic Leadership in the Construction Industry
Role of Ethics Within Leadership
Personality Type and Leadership in Healthcare
Big Five Personality Traits and Leadership Effectiveness
Leadership Concepts
Doha Bank Qatar’s Strategic Thinking and Leadership
Leadership Development in Government Sector
Gamal Abdel Nasser’s Political Leadership
Effective Leadership in Global Virtual Teams
Learning Styles and Leadership in Self-Reflection
Leadership Skills Analysis and Comparison
Goleman’s and McCrimmon’s Leadership Theories
Team Building and Leadership Styles
The Interrelationship Between Leadership and Management
Men and Women in Leadership and Social Change
Leadership Dimensions for Graduate Nurses
Nursing Leadership and Management Principles
Thoughts on Leadership: Abilities and Problems
Facebook Inc.’s Leadership Practices
Barack Obama and Ronald Reagan Leadership Styles
Nursing Leadership and Conflict Resolution
Master’s Education in Nursing and Leadership Skills
Effective Nursing Leadership Skills and Approaches
Barclays Bank’s Decision-Making and Leadership
Oprah Winfrey’s Leadership and Change Competency
Motivation, Leadership, Teamwork in Operational Enhancement
The Leadership of Richard Branson
Just Culture and Transformational Nursing Leadership
Leadership Style and Motivation in Health Care
Effective Nursing Leadership and Management
Perspective in Women Leadership in United Arab Emirates
Change and Conflict Theories in Healthcare Leadership
Social Change, Leadership and Advocacy
Power, Its Sources and Relation to Leadership
Andes Survivors Expedition Leadership Model
Amtrak’s Struggles and Role of Leadership in Solving Them
Listening Competency and Its Role in Leadership
Foundation of Army Leadership: Military Culture and Its Impact on Mental Health
The Nature of Leadership as an Organizational Relationship
Ontario Pension Board: Insights From our Leadership Team
Pillars of Trust in Leadership Ethics and Governance
An Effective Leadership Style in Military Units
Principal Instructional Leadership and Its Benefits
The Future Leader: The Role of Leadership in a Digitalized World
Most Important Traits for Successful Leadership
Leadership Assessment Paper: Preferred Leadership Style
Leadership Competencies in Nurse Educators
Philosophy of Leadership Statement
Personal Leadership Assessment in Nursing
Leadership Roles Crucial to Strategic Planning
How Many Leadership Theories Are There?
What Are the Five Theories of Leadership?
How Do Different Approaches and Power of Leadership Manage Organizational Stress?
What Are the Causes of Poor Leadership?
What Are the Challenges of Leadership?
Does Leadership Do More Good Than Harm?
Was Lenin’s Leadership the Main Reason for Bolshevik Success?
What Are Ethics in Leadership?
What Is Modern Leadership Theory?
Was Allied Leadership Effective?
How Are Culture and Leadership Linked?
What Defines and Differentiates Leadership in Quality Management?
What Is 21st Century Leadership Style?
Who State the Seven Principles of Effective Leadership?
How Would You Characterize the Leadership of Walmart Founder Sam Walton?
What Are the Types of Leadership Styles?
What Is the Best Leadership Theory?
What Are the Seven Leadership Traits?
How Did Lenin’s and Robespierre’s Views on Revolutionary Leadership Differ?
How Have You Demonstrated Leadership Outside of the Classroom?
What Is Charismatic Leadership?

Cite this post

Chicago (N-B)
Chicago (A-D)

StudyCorgi. (2021, September 9). 611 Leadership Essay Topics & Research Questions. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/leadership-essay-topics/

"611 Leadership Essay Topics & Research Questions." StudyCorgi , 9 Sept. 2021, studycorgi.com/ideas/leadership-essay-topics/.

StudyCorgi . (2021) '611 Leadership Essay Topics & Research Questions'. 9 September.

1. StudyCorgi . "611 Leadership Essay Topics & Research Questions." September 9, 2021. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/leadership-essay-topics/.

Bibliography

StudyCorgi . "611 Leadership Essay Topics & Research Questions." September 9, 2021. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/leadership-essay-topics/.

StudyCorgi . 2021. "611 Leadership Essay Topics & Research Questions." September 9, 2021. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/leadership-essay-topics/.

These essay examples and topics on Leadership were carefully selected by the StudyCorgi editorial team. They meet our highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, and fact accuracy. Please ensure you properly reference the materials if you’re using them to write your assignment.

This essay topic collection was updated on January 8, 2024 .

Choose Your Test

Sat / act prep online guides and tips, 113 great research paper topics.

General Education

One of the hardest parts of writing a research paper can be just finding a good topic to write about. Fortunately we've done the hard work for you and have compiled a list of 113 interesting research paper topics. They've been organized into ten categories and cover a wide range of subjects so you can easily find the best topic for you.

In addition to the list of good research topics, we've included advice on what makes a good research paper topic and how you can use your topic to start writing a great paper.

What Makes a Good Research Paper Topic?

Not all research paper topics are created equal, and you want to make sure you choose a great topic before you start writing. Below are the three most important factors to consider to make sure you choose the best research paper topics.

#1: It's Something You're Interested In

A paper is always easier to write if you're interested in the topic, and you'll be more motivated to do in-depth research and write a paper that really covers the entire subject. Even if a certain research paper topic is getting a lot of buzz right now or other people seem interested in writing about it, don't feel tempted to make it your topic unless you genuinely have some sort of interest in it as well.

#2: There's Enough Information to Write a Paper

Even if you come up with the absolute best research paper topic and you're so excited to write about it, you won't be able to produce a good paper if there isn't enough research about the topic. This can happen for very specific or specialized topics, as well as topics that are too new to have enough research done on them at the moment. Easy research paper topics will always be topics with enough information to write a full-length paper.

Trying to write a research paper on a topic that doesn't have much research on it is incredibly hard, so before you decide on a topic, do a bit of preliminary searching and make sure you'll have all the information you need to write your paper.

#3: It Fits Your Teacher's Guidelines

Don't get so carried away looking at lists of research paper topics that you forget any requirements or restrictions your teacher may have put on research topic ideas. If you're writing a research paper on a health-related topic, deciding to write about the impact of rap on the music scene probably won't be allowed, but there may be some sort of leeway. For example, if you're really interested in current events but your teacher wants you to write a research paper on a history topic, you may be able to choose a topic that fits both categories, like exploring the relationship between the US and North Korea. No matter what, always get your research paper topic approved by your teacher first before you begin writing.

113 Good Research Paper Topics

Below are 113 good research topics to help you get you started on your paper. We've organized them into ten categories to make it easier to find the type of research paper topics you're looking for.

Arts/Culture

Discuss the main differences in art from the Italian Renaissance and the Northern Renaissance .
Analyze the impact a famous artist had on the world.
How is sexism portrayed in different types of media (music, film, video games, etc.)? Has the amount/type of sexism changed over the years?
How has the music of slaves brought over from Africa shaped modern American music?
How has rap music evolved in the past decade?
How has the portrayal of minorities in the media changed?

Current Events

What have been the impacts of China's one child policy?
How have the goals of feminists changed over the decades?
How has the Trump presidency changed international relations?
Analyze the history of the relationship between the United States and North Korea.
What factors contributed to the current decline in the rate of unemployment?
What have been the impacts of states which have increased their minimum wage?
How do US immigration laws compare to immigration laws of other countries?
How have the US's immigration laws changed in the past few years/decades?
How has the Black Lives Matter movement affected discussions and view about racism in the US?
What impact has the Affordable Care Act had on healthcare in the US?
What factors contributed to the UK deciding to leave the EU (Brexit)?
What factors contributed to China becoming an economic power?
Discuss the history of Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies (some of which tokenize the S&P 500 Index on the blockchain) .
Do students in schools that eliminate grades do better in college and their careers?
Do students from wealthier backgrounds score higher on standardized tests?
Do students who receive free meals at school get higher grades compared to when they weren't receiving a free meal?
Do students who attend charter schools score higher on standardized tests than students in public schools?
Do students learn better in same-sex classrooms?
How does giving each student access to an iPad or laptop affect their studies?
What are the benefits and drawbacks of the Montessori Method ?
Do children who attend preschool do better in school later on?
What was the impact of the No Child Left Behind act?
How does the US education system compare to education systems in other countries?
What impact does mandatory physical education classes have on students' health?
Which methods are most effective at reducing bullying in schools?
Do homeschoolers who attend college do as well as students who attended traditional schools?
Does offering tenure increase or decrease quality of teaching?
How does college debt affect future life choices of students?
Should graduate students be able to form unions?

What are different ways to lower gun-related deaths in the US?
How and why have divorce rates changed over time?
Is affirmative action still necessary in education and/or the workplace?
Should physician-assisted suicide be legal?
How has stem cell research impacted the medical field?
How can human trafficking be reduced in the United States/world?
Should people be able to donate organs in exchange for money?
Which types of juvenile punishment have proven most effective at preventing future crimes?
Has the increase in US airport security made passengers safer?
Analyze the immigration policies of certain countries and how they are similar and different from one another.
Several states have legalized recreational marijuana. What positive and negative impacts have they experienced as a result?
Do tariffs increase the number of domestic jobs?
Which prison reforms have proven most effective?
Should governments be able to censor certain information on the internet?
Which methods/programs have been most effective at reducing teen pregnancy?
What are the benefits and drawbacks of the Keto diet?
How effective are different exercise regimes for losing weight and maintaining weight loss?
How do the healthcare plans of various countries differ from each other?
What are the most effective ways to treat depression ?
What are the pros and cons of genetically modified foods?
Which methods are most effective for improving memory?
What can be done to lower healthcare costs in the US?
What factors contributed to the current opioid crisis?
Analyze the history and impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic .
Are low-carbohydrate or low-fat diets more effective for weight loss?
How much exercise should the average adult be getting each week?
Which methods are most effective to get parents to vaccinate their children?
What are the pros and cons of clean needle programs?
How does stress affect the body?
Discuss the history of the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians.
What were the causes and effects of the Salem Witch Trials?
Who was responsible for the Iran-Contra situation?
How has New Orleans and the government's response to natural disasters changed since Hurricane Katrina?
What events led to the fall of the Roman Empire?
What were the impacts of British rule in India ?
Was the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki necessary?
What were the successes and failures of the women's suffrage movement in the United States?
What were the causes of the Civil War?
How did Abraham Lincoln's assassination impact the country and reconstruction after the Civil War?
Which factors contributed to the colonies winning the American Revolution?
What caused Hitler's rise to power?
Discuss how a specific invention impacted history.
What led to Cleopatra's fall as ruler of Egypt?
How has Japan changed and evolved over the centuries?
What were the causes of the Rwandan genocide ?

Why did Martin Luther decide to split with the Catholic Church?
Analyze the history and impact of a well-known cult (Jonestown, Manson family, etc.)
How did the sexual abuse scandal impact how people view the Catholic Church?
How has the Catholic church's power changed over the past decades/centuries?
What are the causes behind the rise in atheism/ agnosticism in the United States?
What were the influences in Siddhartha's life resulted in him becoming the Buddha?
How has media portrayal of Islam/Muslims changed since September 11th?

Science/Environment

How has the earth's climate changed in the past few decades?
How has the use and elimination of DDT affected bird populations in the US?
Analyze how the number and severity of natural disasters have increased in the past few decades.
Analyze deforestation rates in a certain area or globally over a period of time.
How have past oil spills changed regulations and cleanup methods?
How has the Flint water crisis changed water regulation safety?
What are the pros and cons of fracking?
What impact has the Paris Climate Agreement had so far?
What have NASA's biggest successes and failures been?
How can we improve access to clean water around the world?
Does ecotourism actually have a positive impact on the environment?
Should the US rely on nuclear energy more?
What can be done to save amphibian species currently at risk of extinction?
What impact has climate change had on coral reefs?
How are black holes created?
Are teens who spend more time on social media more likely to suffer anxiety and/or depression?
How will the loss of net neutrality affect internet users?
Analyze the history and progress of self-driving vehicles.
How has the use of drones changed surveillance and warfare methods?
Has social media made people more or less connected?
What progress has currently been made with artificial intelligence ?
Do smartphones increase or decrease workplace productivity?
What are the most effective ways to use technology in the classroom?
How is Google search affecting our intelligence?
When is the best age for a child to begin owning a smartphone?
Has frequent texting reduced teen literacy rates?

How to Write a Great Research Paper

Even great research paper topics won't give you a great research paper if you don't hone your topic before and during the writing process. Follow these three tips to turn good research paper topics into great papers.

#1: Figure Out Your Thesis Early

Before you start writing a single word of your paper, you first need to know what your thesis will be. Your thesis is a statement that explains what you intend to prove/show in your paper. Every sentence in your research paper will relate back to your thesis, so you don't want to start writing without it!

As some examples, if you're writing a research paper on if students learn better in same-sex classrooms, your thesis might be "Research has shown that elementary-age students in same-sex classrooms score higher on standardized tests and report feeling more comfortable in the classroom."

If you're writing a paper on the causes of the Civil War, your thesis might be "While the dispute between the North and South over slavery is the most well-known cause of the Civil War, other key causes include differences in the economies of the North and South, states' rights, and territorial expansion."

#2: Back Every Statement Up With Research

Remember, this is a research paper you're writing, so you'll need to use lots of research to make your points. Every statement you give must be backed up with research, properly cited the way your teacher requested. You're allowed to include opinions of your own, but they must also be supported by the research you give.

#3: Do Your Research Before You Begin Writing

You don't want to start writing your research paper and then learn that there isn't enough research to back up the points you're making, or, even worse, that the research contradicts the points you're trying to make!

Get most of your research on your good research topics done before you begin writing. Then use the research you've collected to create a rough outline of what your paper will cover and the key points you're going to make. This will help keep your paper clear and organized, and it'll ensure you have enough research to produce a strong paper.

What's Next?

Are you also learning about dynamic equilibrium in your science class? We break this sometimes tricky concept down so it's easy to understand in our complete guide to dynamic equilibrium .

Thinking about becoming a nurse practitioner? Nurse practitioners have one of the fastest growing careers in the country, and we have all the information you need to know about what to expect from nurse practitioner school .

Want to know the fastest and easiest ways to convert between Fahrenheit and Celsius? We've got you covered! Check out our guide to the best ways to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit (or vice versa).

These recommendations are based solely on our knowledge and experience. If you purchase an item through one of our links, PrepScholar may receive a commission.

Christine graduated from Michigan State University with degrees in Environmental Biology and Geography and received her Master's from Duke University. In high school she scored in the 99th percentile on the SAT and was named a National Merit Finalist. She has taught English and biology in several countries.

Student and Parent Forum

Our new student and parent forum, at ExpertHub.PrepScholar.com , allow you to interact with your peers and the PrepScholar staff. See how other students and parents are navigating high school, college, and the college admissions process. Ask questions; get answers.

Ask a Question Below

Have any questions about this article or other topics? Ask below and we'll reply!

Improve With Our Famous Guides

For All Students

The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 160+ SAT Points

How to Get a Perfect 1600, by a Perfect Scorer

Series: How to Get 800 on Each SAT Section:

Score 800 on SAT Math

Score 800 on SAT Reading

Score 800 on SAT Writing

Series: How to Get to 600 on Each SAT Section:

Score 600 on SAT Math

Score 600 on SAT Reading

Score 600 on SAT Writing

Free Complete Official SAT Practice Tests

What SAT Target Score Should You Be Aiming For?

15 Strategies to Improve Your SAT Essay

The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 4+ ACT Points

How to Get a Perfect 36 ACT, by a Perfect Scorer

Series: How to Get 36 on Each ACT Section:

36 on ACT English

36 on ACT Math

36 on ACT Reading

36 on ACT Science

Series: How to Get to 24 on Each ACT Section:

24 on ACT English

24 on ACT Math

24 on ACT Reading

24 on ACT Science

What ACT target score should you be aiming for?

ACT Vocabulary You Must Know

ACT Writing: 15 Tips to Raise Your Essay Score

How to Get Into Harvard and the Ivy League

How to Get a Perfect 4.0 GPA

How to Write an Amazing College Essay

What Exactly Are Colleges Looking For?

Is the ACT easier than the SAT? A Comprehensive Guide

Should you retake your SAT or ACT?

When should you take the SAT or ACT?

Stay Informed

Get the latest articles and test prep tips!

Looking for Graduate School Test Prep?

Check out our top-rated graduate blogs here:

GRE Online Prep Blog

GMAT Online Prep Blog

TOEFL Online Prep Blog

Holly R. "I am absolutely overjoyed and cannot thank you enough for helping me!”

2022 Impact Factor

About Publication Information Subscriptions Permissions Advertising Journal Rankings Best Article Award Press Releases
Resources Access Options Submission Guidelines Reviewer Guidelines Sample Articles Paper Calls Contact Us Submit & Review
Browse Current Issue All Issues Featured Latest Topics Videos

California Management Review

California Management Review is a premier academic management journal published at UC Berkeley

CMR INSIGHTS

Are we asking too much leadership from leaders.

by Herman Vantrappen and Frederic Wirtz

Image Credit | Nick Fewings

Leaders do not have an easy time. In the assumption that the headlines in the management literature are a reliable guide, leaders are expected not only to be brilliant but also servant, humble, transformational, vulnerable, authentic, emotionally intelligent, empathetic, unlocked and connecting – at the least. 1-9 That is a tall order, even for those who are labelled superhuman.

1. The primary vertical

Small mono-product and mono-market companies tend to have a function-based architecture (e.g., product development, purchasing, production, sales, distribution, after-sales). At large companies, that architecture can be intrinsically frictional. For example, if you are in the business of developing, constructing and maintaining power plants worldwide, the business development people, when they make a bid, might be tempted to foresee low maintenance costs so as to increase their chances of winning the bid. Alas, if the bid is won, the maintenance division will bear the brunt. Such operational tension is inherent to this type of business, but you do not want that tension to constantly manifest itself at the C-suite level. Therefore, consider having “region” rather than “function” as primary vertical and then setting up a function-based organization within each region. 18

2. The corporate parent

Each of a company’s business entities has specific objectives, challenges and priorities. Imagine your company has a mix of large businesses operating in its mature home market and small ventures in promising overseas markets. The latter may be keen to tap into the talent and knowledge that reside in the former, while the former may be reluctant to lend to the latter. Obviously, you do not want every such request and refusal to be elevated to the C-suite level. A global knowledge management and talent mobility system could solve the problem, and you might expect the businesses, out of enlightened self-interest, to set it up among themselves. Alas, that is unlikely to happen, as the benefits are contingent on participation by all businesses. Therefore, consider having a corporate function kick-start the initiative. 19

3. Lateral coordination

Imagine that your organization architecture consists of business entities focused on “product” and others on “customer segment”. Even though these entities by design are relatively self-contained, “product” and “customer segment” still need to coordinate daily on operational matters, such as defining product specs, setting price levels, launching commercial campaigns, etc. Hence you decide to create a matrix, with sales managers reporting both to a product line manager and a customer segment manager. And you expect these matrixed sales managers to make the best possible trade-offs between the partially diverging interests of their two bosses. Alas, a matrix between two verticals with P&L responsibility tends to be intrinsically frictional. 20 The matrixed manager’s anxiety about role conflict and their bosses’ fear of power loss may create festering conflicts escalating to the C-suite level. Therefore, in this case, consider a soft-wired coordination mechanism (such as a periodic joint planning cycle) instead of a hard-wired matrix.

There are many other examples of organization design faults or ambiguities, not only related to organizational architecture but also to governance, business processes, company culture, people and systems. Admittedly, the perfect organization design does not exist – tension and friction are a fact of corporate life. And we could hardly demand too much authenticity, emotional intelligence, empathy and other commendable behaviors from our leaders, as described at start. But there is an issue when senior leaders are compelled to activate these behaviors to resolve internal conflicts that should not have escalated to the top of the organization. By identifying and removing glaring design faults and ambiguities about roles, we can help lessen the emergence and escalation of such conflicts, and consequently reduce the opportunity cost of senior leaders devoting energy and time to resolving stoppable conflicts. Senior leaders had better focus on genuine people issues, external stakeholders, and the organization’s strategic choices.

References

R.C. Liden, S.J. Wayne, H. Zhao and D. Henderson, “Servant Leadership: Development of a Multidimensional Measure and Multi-Level Assessment,” The Leadership Quarterly 19, no. 2 (2008): 161-177..

E.H. Schein and P.A. Schein, “Humble Leadership: The Power of Relationships, Openness, and Trust,” 2nd ed. (Oakland: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2018).

B.M. Bass, “Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations” (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1985).

J. Morgan, “Leading with Vulnerability: Unlock Your Greatest Superpower to Transform Yourself, Your Team, and Your Organization” (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2023).

B. George, “Authentic Leadership: Rediscovering the Secrets to Creating Lasting Value” (New York: Jossey-Bass, 2004).

D. Goleman, “The Emotionally Intelligent Leader” (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2019).

O. Valadon, “What We Get Wrong About Empathic Leadership,” Harvard Business Review, Oct. 17, 2023.

H. Le Gentil, “The Unlocked Leader: Dare to Free Your Own Voice, Lead with Empathy, and Shine Your Light in the World” (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2023).

“The Connecting Leader: Serving Concurrently as a Leader and a Follower,” ed. Z. Jaser (Charlotte: IAP, 2021).

K. Einola and M. Alvesson, “The Perils of Authentic Leadership Theory,” Leadership 17, no. 4 (2021): 483-490.

J. Lin, B.A. Scott and F.K. Matta, “The Dark Side of Transformational Leader Behaviors for Leaders Themselves: A Conservation of Resources Perspective,” Academy of Management Journal 62, no. 5 (2019): 1556-1582.

C.A. O’Reilly and J.A. Chatman, “Transformational Leader or Narcissist? How Grandiose Narcissists Can Create and Destroy Organizations and Institutions,” California Management Review 62, no. 3 (2020): 5-27.

R. Sadun, “The Myth of the Brilliant, Charismatic Leader,” Harvard Business Review, Nov. 23, 2022.s

N. Nohria, “When Charismatic CEOs Are an Asset — and When They’re a Liability,” Harvard Business Review, Dec. 1, 2023.

J. Hu, B. Erdogan, K. Jiang and T.N. Bauer, “Research: When Being a Humble Leader Backfires,” Harvard Business Review, April 4, 2018.

T.K. Kelemen, S.H. Matthews, M.J. Matthews and S.E. Henry, “Essential Advice for Leaders from a Decade of Research on Humble Leadership,” LSE Business Review, Jan. 17, 2023.

S.T.A. Phipps, L.C. Prieto and E.N. Ndinguri, “Emotional Intelligence: Is It Necessary for Leader Development?” Journal of Leadership, Accountability & Ethics 11, no.1 (2014): 73-89.

H. Vantrappen and F. Wirtz, “When to Change Your Company’s P&L Responsibilities,” Harvard Business Review, April 14, 2022.

H. Vantrappen and F. Wirtz, “How To Get a Corporate Parent That Is Better For Business,” California Management Review, March 5, 2024.

J. Wolf and W.G. Egelhoff, “An Empirical Evaluation of Conflict in MNC Matrix Structure Firms,” International Business Review 22, no. 3 (2013): 591-601.

Recent CMR Articles

The Changing Ranks of Corporate Leaders

The Business Value of Gamification

Hope and Grit: How Human-Centered Product Design Enhanced Student Mental Health

Four Forms That Fit Most Organizations

Dynamic Capabilities and Organizational Agility

Berkeley-Haas's Premier Management Journal

Published at Berkeley Haas for more than sixty years, California Management Review seeks to share knowledge that challenges convention and shows a better way of doing business.

After 40 Years, How Representative Are Labor Market Outcomes in the NLSY79?

In 1979, the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) began following a group of US residents born between 1957 and 1964. It has continued to re-interview these same individuals for more than four decades. Despite this long sampling period, attrition remains modest. This paper shows that after 40 years of data collection, the remaining NLYS79 sample continues to be broadly representative of their national cohorts with regard to key labor market outcomes. For NLSY79 age cohorts, life-cycle profiles of employment, hours worked, and earnings are comparable to those in the Current Population Survey. Moreover, average lifetime earnings over the age range 25 to 55 closely align with the same measure in Social Security Administration data. Our results suggest that the NLSY79 can continue to provide useful data for economists and other social scientists studying life-cycle and lifetime labor market outcomes, including earnings inequality.

We thank Kevin Bloodworth II, Elizabeth Harding, and Siyu Shi for research assistance. The views in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, the Federal Reserve System, or of the National Bureau of Economic Research.

Richard Rogerson acknowledges financial support in excess of $10,000 over the last three years from the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis and the World Bank.

MARC RIS BibTeΧ

Download Citation Data

More from NBER

In addition to working papers , the NBER disseminates affiliates’ latest findings through a range of free periodicals — the NBER Reporter , the NBER Digest , the Bulletin on Retirement and Disability , the Bulletin on Health , and the Bulletin on Entrepreneurship — as well as online conference reports , video lectures , and interviews .

15th Annual Feldstein Lecture, Mario Draghi, "The Next Flight of the Bumblebee: The Path to Common Fiscal Policy in the Eurozone cover slide

Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World

Read our research on:

Full Topic List

Regions & Countries

Publications
Our Methods
Short Reads
Tools & Resources

Read Our Research On:

As Biden considers reelection bid, who are the oldest – and youngest – current world leaders?

Joe Biden is the oldest American president , having entered office at age 78, as well as the only U.S. president to turn 80 while in office . As Biden considers a reelection bid in 2024, he is the ninth oldest national leader in the world, according to a new Pew Research Center analysis.

Former President Donald Trump, who is running for the White House again next year, is younger than Biden. But at 76, Trump would be among the 25 oldest world leaders when compared with those currently in power, according to the analysis, which looks at sitting heads of government in 187 member states of the United Nations.

Below are five key facts about the ages of national leaders.

With current U.S. President Joe Biden considering a reelection bid in 2024 – and former President Donald Trump already running – Pew Research Center examined the ages of current national leaders to place the ages of Biden and Trump into a broader global context.

This analysis examines the ages of the current heads of government in 187 countries that are member states of the United Nations, relying on government biographies and regional news articles. It excludes six UN member states for which exact information on the birthdate of the national leader could not be found: Afghanistan, Burkina Faso, Iraq, Mali, Somalia and Vanuatu. For each of these countries, we reached out to embassy officials in the United States but did not receive further information.

This analysis also draws upon Freedom House country rankings to determine whether countries are classified as free or not. These rankings come in three categories – free, partly free and not free – and are based on two numerical scores assigned to each country on the basis of its political rights and civil liberties.

The data used to determine the median age of a country’s overall population comes from the UN’s World Population Prospects 2022 report . The UN’s estimates are based on “all available sources of data on population size and levels of fertility, mortality and international migration.” The median ages of country populations in this analysis are based on 2023 projections for all countries.

The analysis focuses on the head of government as defined by the country’s political system or constitution. In limited instances, the leader may not be the one who exercises the most power in the current government.

National leaders range in age from the mid-30s to 90. The youngest head of government for whom an exact date of birth could be found is Gabriel Boric of Chile, who is 37. (The current leader of Burkina Faso, Ibrahim Traoré, is younger than Boric but is not included in this analysis because an exact date of birth could not be obtained. Traoré is either 34 or 35.) Overall, Boric and Traoré are among a handful of national leaders who are in their 30s, including two other 37-year-olds – Sanna Marin of Finland and Dritan Abazović of Montenegro . The oldest national leader is Paul Biya of Cameroon , who was born in 1933 and took office more than 40 years ago. Biya is the only current national leader in his 90s.

A chart showing that most global leaders are in their 50s and 60s, though ages range from 37 to 90

The median age of current national leaders is 62. When grouped by decade, the largest share of global leaders today (35%) are in their 60s. Roughly a quarter (22%) are in their 50s, while 18% each are in their 40s or 70s. Biden is among the 5% of leaders who are in their 80s.

Countries that are less free tend to have older leaders. In countries that Freedom House classifies as not free, the median age of the national leader is 69, compared with 61 in countries that are classified as partly free and 58 in countries classified as free. The United States is one of only two countries that are classified as free and have a leader in their 80s or older. The other is Namibia, where the president is 81-year-old Hage Geingob.

A chart showing that Countries ranked less free tend to have older global leaders

Women leaders tend to be younger than men leaders. Although only 13 countries currently have a woman in the top office, the median age of these women is 57, compared with 62 for national leaders who are men.

Finnish Prime Minister Sanna Marin is the youngest woman in power at 37, after having been sworn in at 34. Five other women leaders are in their 40s: Mette Frederiksen of Denmark , Kaja Kallas of Estonia , Katrín Jakobsdóttir of Iceland , Giorgia Meloni of Italy and Ana Brnabić of Serbia .

A chart showing that Among global leaders, women tend to be younger than men

In most countries, the leader is significantly older than the median member of the population. For example, the median American is 38, while Biden is more than twice as old. In fact, the only countries that have a leader who is younger than the median resident of the country are Andorra, Montenegro, Italy and Finland.

In general, countries that are deemed free – as determined by Freedom House – are more likely than those deemed partly free or not free to have leaders who are closer in age to the median resident of the country.

More Leaders
Older Adults & Aging
World Leaders

Laura Silver is an associate director focusing on global attitudes at Pew Research Center

In Tight Presidential Race, Voters Are Broadly Critical of Both Biden and Trump

How temporary protected status has expanded under the biden administration, about 1 in 4 americans have unfavorable views of both biden and trump, 8 in 10 americans say religion is losing influence in public life, americans more upbeat on the economy; biden’s job rating remains very low, most popular.

1615 L St. NW, Suite 800 Washington, DC 20036 USA (+1) 202-419-4300 | Main (+1) 202-857-8562 | Fax (+1) 202-419-4372 | Media Inquiries

Research Topics

Age & Generations
Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Economy & Work
Family & Relationships
Gender & LGBTQ
Immigration & Migration
International Affairs
Internet & Technology
Methodological Research
News Habits & Media
Non-U.S. Governments
Other Topics
Politics & Policy
Race & Ethnicity
Email Newsletters

ABOUT PEW RESEARCH CENTER Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts .

Terms & Conditions

Cookie Settings

Reprints, Permissions & Use Policy

Suggestions or feedback?

MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Machine learning
Social justice
Black holes
Classes and programs

Departments

Aeronautics and Astronautics
Brain and Cognitive Sciences
Architecture
Political Science
Mechanical Engineering

Centers, Labs, & Programs

Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL)
Picower Institute for Learning and Memory
Lincoln Laboratory
School of Architecture + Planning
School of Engineering
School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences
Sloan School of Management
School of Science
MIT Schwarzman College of Computing

Researchers detect a new molecule in space

Press contact :.

Illustration against a starry background. Two radio dishes are in the lower left, six 3D molecule models are in the center.

Previous image Next image

New research from the group of MIT Professor Brett McGuire has revealed the presence of a previously unknown molecule in space. The team's open-access paper, “ Rotational Spectrum and First Interstellar Detection of 2-Methoxyethanol Using ALMA Observations of NGC 6334I ,” appears in April 12 issue of The Astrophysical Journal Letters .

Zachary T.P. Fried , a graduate student in the McGuire group and the lead author of the publication, worked to assemble a puzzle comprised of pieces collected from across the globe, extending beyond MIT to France, Florida, Virginia, and Copenhagen, to achieve this exciting discovery.

“Our group tries to understand what molecules are present in regions of space where stars and solar systems will eventually take shape,” explains Fried. “This allows us to piece together how chemistry evolves alongside the process of star and planet formation. We do this by looking at the rotational spectra of molecules, the unique patterns of light they give off as they tumble end-over-end in space. These patterns are fingerprints (barcodes) for molecules. To detect new molecules in space, we first must have an idea of what molecule we want to look for, then we can record its spectrum in the lab here on Earth, and then finally we look for that spectrum in space using telescopes.”

Searching for molecules in space

The McGuire Group has recently begun to utilize machine learning to suggest good target molecules to search for. In 2023, one of these machine learning models suggested the researchers target a molecule known as 2-methoxyethanol.

“There are a number of 'methoxy' molecules in space, like dimethyl ether, methoxymethanol, ethyl methyl ether, and methyl formate, but 2-methoxyethanol would be the largest and most complex ever seen,” says Fried. To detect this molecule using radiotelescope observations, the group first needed to measure and analyze its rotational spectrum on Earth. The researchers combined experiments from the University of Lille (Lille, France), the New College of Florida (Sarasota, Florida), and the McGuire lab at MIT to measure this spectrum over a broadband region of frequencies ranging from the microwave to sub-millimeter wave regimes (approximately 8 to 500 gigahertz).

The data gleaned from these measurements permitted a search for the molecule using Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations toward two separate star-forming regions: NGC 6334I and IRAS 16293-2422B. Members of the McGuire group analyzed these telescope observations alongside researchers at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (Charlottesville, Virginia) and the University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

“Ultimately, we observed 25 rotational lines of 2-methoxyethanol that lined up with the molecular signal observed toward NGC 6334I (the barcode matched!), thus resulting in a secure detection of 2-methoxyethanol in this source,” says Fried. “This allowed us to then derive physical parameters of the molecule toward NGC 6334I, such as its abundance and excitation temperature. It also enabled an investigation of the possible chemical formation pathways from known interstellar precursors.”

Looking forward

Molecular discoveries like this one help the researchers to better understand the development of molecular complexity in space during the star formation process. 2-methoxyethanol, which contains 13 atoms, is quite large for interstellar standards — as of 2021, only six species larger than 13 atoms were detected outside the solar system , many by McGuire’s group, and all of them existing as ringed structures.

“Continued observations of large molecules and subsequent derivations of their abundances allows us to advance our knowledge of how efficiently large molecules can form and by which specific reactions they may be produced,” says Fried. “Additionally, since we detected this molecule in NGC 6334I but not in IRAS 16293-2422B, we were presented with a unique opportunity to look into how the differing physical conditions of these two sources may be affecting the chemistry that can occur.”

Share this news article on:

Found in space: Complex carbon-based molecules

Previous item Next item

More MIT News

In a white room, six individuals in orange jumpsuits are smiling and holding certificates of achievement. They are accompanied by three individuals dressed in casual and professional attire.

Study demonstrates efficacy of MIT-led Brave Behind Bars program

Read full story →

Anna Russo sits in a red armchair with her legs crossed, smiling at the camera

Bringing an investigator’s eye to complex social challenges

MIT announces 2024 Bose Grants

A large clock is in the middle, and medication pills float around it. In the background is a grid of circles, and each has liver molecules inside.

Circadian rhythms can influence drugs’ effectiveness

Ian Waitz stands outside for a portrait. The columns of Building 10 are in the background.

Ian Waitz named vice president for research

An icon of the human body has medication icons around it, and also four nodes. The nodes expand to say “Time of Day, Muscle Mass, Genetics, and Drug Toxicity,” and show icons. The words “Height and Weight” appear next to the human body.

A closed-loop drug-delivery system could improve chemotherapy

More news on MIT News homepage →

Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA

Map (opens in new window)
Events (opens in new window)
People (opens in new window)
Careers (opens in new window)
Accessibility
Social Media Hub
MIT on Facebook
MIT on YouTube
MIT on Instagram

IMAGES

How to Write a Leadership Research Paper: Tips from Our Experts
(PDF) Characteristics of Effective Leadership
Persuasive Essay: My best leader essay
Research paper on effective leadership
Reasearch Ideas for High School Students
😊 Leadership research paper topics. Leadership Research Paper Topics

VIDEO

How I wrote my FIRST Research Paper!!!
Online Workshop on Research Paper Writing & Publishing Day 1
Online Workshop on Research Paper Writing & Publishing Day 2
BIG QUESTIONS, INNOVATIVE APPROACHES: Scientific Talk #5
🔍 S2- Q2- Topic A
Weeks 9-10

COMMENTS

Leadership Research Paper Topics
The range of leadership research paper topics is vast, reflecting the wide-ranging implications of leadership in different contexts. This breadth allows students to delve into various aspects of leadership, from exploring various leadership styles such as transformational, transactional, autocratic, democratic, and servant leadership, to understanding their effects on team dynamics, employee ...
277 Engaging Leadership Research Topics And Ideas
For most students, working on leadership research topics is a fascinating task. That's because this subject spans different disciplines, including education, management, sociology, politics, and psychology. For this reason, many learners choose these topics when writing college and university papers. In most cases, educators do not specify ...
182 Current Leadership Research Topics You Must Check Out
Step three: Research your topic and develop a thesis statement. Armed with the right topic and resources, it is time to carry intensive research on the topic and gather the points that you will discuss in the paper. You should also develop your thesis statement. Step four: Create the leadership research paper outline.
Leadership Articles, Research, & Case Studies
Executives who confront new challenges with old formulas often fail. The best leaders tailor their approach, recalibrating their "action orientation" to address the problem at hand, says Ryan Raffaelli. He details three action orientations and how leaders can harness them. 05 Jul 2023.
Leadership: Current Theories, Research, and Future Directions
3 Department of Management, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0491; email: [email protected]. Abstract. This review examines recent theoretical and empirical developments in the ...
Leadership: A Comprehensive Review of Literature, Research and
The paper is hoped to be an important resource for the academics and researchers who would like to study on the leadership field. ... It has been a major topic of research in . ... Trait research ...
Leadership and Learning at Work: A Systematic Literature Review of
In this paper, leadership is defined as an interactive and reciprocal process through which a manager influences one or more employees to attain a goal , which in the current paper refers to a learning goal. The process of leadership is situated within, and contingent on, contextual structures that may enable or constrain the interaction ...
Leadership: Sage Journals
Leadership is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes the highest quality original research on leadership. Leadership is designed to provide an ongoing forum for academic researchers to exchange information, insights and knowledge on both theoretical development and empirical research on leadership. ... Call for papers for the ...
The Role of Leadership in a Digitalized World: A Review
Research Design. The aim of this paper is to investigate how the debate on digital transformation and leadership has evolved in recent years, to identify key theories and findings, and to propose potential future directions of research. ... The studies that adopt a micro-perspective to the topic of leadership and digital technology can be ...
Full article: Transformational leadership effectiveness: an evidence
Leadership models. Although almost every leadership researcher seems to propose a new or modified definition of the construct, leadership is generally operationalised in two ways: (1) leadership as a formal role or (2) leadership as a social influence (Yukl and Van Fleet Citation 1992).Most of the leadership research focuses on the latter, which it aims to understand through operationalisation ...
Leadership Dissertation Topics & Ideas
Leadership Dissertation Topics. Published by Grace Graffin at January 4th, 2023 , Revised On August 15, 2023. Leadership is an attribute of leading and guiding subordinates for collective wellness. Many people aspire to become leaders, but only a few succeed. It is because leadership and management are two relatively different concepts.
Six ways of understanding leadership development: An exploration of
A review of adult development leadership research identified the need for more research with a wider use of contextual factors and how developmental activities are interpreted at different orders of development (McCauley et al., 2006). Thus, the current research focuses on the leader as a person or the concept of leadership, but no study has ...
627 Leadership Essay Topics & Examples
Here we've gathered most catchy leadership title ideas together with leadership essay examples. There are also useful tips on writing your introduction, conclusion, and formulating a thesis statement. 🔝 Top 10 Leadership Essay Topics. Leadership as a research area and a practical skill; Theories of leadership; Functional leadership theory
Fifty years of research on leader communication: What we know and where
By focusing on articles that use actual leader communication as a key input, our paper responds to calls for leadership research to use behavioral rather than self-report data (Fischer, Hambrick, Sajons, & Van Quaquebeke, 2020) and to increase the use of archival communication data to measure leader characteristics (Holmes et al., 2021, Vera et ...
The Future of Leadership Research: Challenges and Opportunities
Heft 3, 2004 359. German Journal of Human Resource Research, Vol. 18, Issue 3, 2004. Angela Gordon, Gary Yukl *. The Future of Leadership Research: Challenges and Opportunities **. For over a half ...
Ethical Leadership: An Integrative Review and Future Research Agenda
As a result, there now exists a substantial body of empirical research addressing ethical leadership issues, but the findings reported by this body of research are highly fragmented. The topic has advanced to the stage where a review and synthesis of existing literature can provide great value and help move the scholarly conversation forward.
PDF The Research Topics of Leadership: Bibliometric Analysis from 1923 ...
theories, concepts and topics of leadership are propounded in literature. The current paper examined the trends of leadership publications, the most common topics of leadership, and whether the research topics have followed a coherent progression. A literature review was conducted in order to understand what has been done until now.
6 Common Leadership Styles
Summary. Research suggests that the most effective leaders adapt their style to different circumstances — be it a change in setting, a shift in organizational dynamics, or a turn in the business ...
Top 100 Leadership Topics
Essays and research papers on leadership topics are very common in high school, college, and university. These assignments come in different forms and lengths. In some cases, students are even asked to come up with leadership topics for discussion in class. Some educators even ask students to give examples of iconic leaders in their communities.
611 Leadership Essay Topics & Research Questions
Steve Jobs' Leadership Style: Essay Example. The paper studies the leadership style and traits of Steve Jobs and presents evidence that characterizes the leadership as transformational and charismatic. Company Leadership: Walmart vs. Target. Walmart uses transformational, participative, and democratic leadership styles, a combination of which ...
Analysis of Leader Effectiveness in Organization and Knowledge Sharing
The importance of leadership style and knowledge sharing for organizations is shown in Gary Hamel's (2006) research. In the research, only 10% of the 30,000 products marketed every year by the companies in the production sector are reported to be successful (Hamel, 2006).
113 Great Research Paper Topics
113 Great Research Paper Topics. Posted by Christine Sarikas. General Education. One of the hardest parts of writing a research paper can be just finding a good topic to write about. Fortunately we've done the hard work for you and have compiled a list of 113 interesting research paper topics. They've been organized into ten categories and ...
Are We Asking Too Much Leadership from Leaders?
Empathetic leaders "genuinely care for people, validate their feelings, and are willing to offer support." 7. Connecting leaders "concurrently contend with identities, actions, emotions of a leader and a follower." 9. While these demands on leaders are pertinent, they are also taxing in terms of time and energy.
Fewer than a third of UN member states have ever had a woman leader
And fewer than a third of UN countries have ever had a woman leader, according to a Pew Research Center analysis. In nine of the 13 UN member countries that are currently led by women, the current leader is the country's first woman head of government. This includes three women who have taken office in the last year: Peru's Dina Boluarte ...
(PDF) Characteristics of Effective Leadership
The main objective of this research paper is to acquire an efficient understanding of characteristics of effective leadership. In various types of organizations, when the leaders are carrying out ...
After 40 Years, How Representative Are Labor Market Outcomes in the
Issue Date April 2024. In 1979, the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) began following a group of US residents born between 1957 and 1964. It has continued to re-interview these same individuals for more than four decades. Despite this long sampling period, attrition remains modest. This paper shows that after 40 years of data ...
How Americans see the state of gender and leadership in business
A majority of Republicans (56%) say the number of women in these positions is about right. Most Democrats say women having to do more to prove themselves than men (73%) and gender discrimination (67%) are major reasons why there aren't more women in top business leadership positions. This compares with 42% and 30% of Republicans, respectively.
As Biden considers reelection bid, who are the oldest
Joe Biden is the oldest American president, having entered office at age 78, as well as the only U.S. president to turn 80 while in office. As Biden considers a reelection bid in 2024, he is the ninth oldest national leader in the world, according to a new Pew Research Center analysis. Former President Donald Trump, who is running for the White ...
Researchers detect a new molecule in space
New research from the group of MIT Professor Brett McGuire has revealed the presence of a previously unknown molecule in space. The team's open-access paper, "Rotational Spectrum and First Interstellar Detection of 2-Methoxyethanol Using ALMA Observations of NGC 6334I," appears in April 12 issue of The Astrophysical Journal Letters. Zachary T.P. Fried, a graduate student in the McGuire ...

Leadership Research Paper Topics

100 Leadership Research Paper Topics

Academic Writing, Editing, Proofreading, And Problem Solving Services

2. Leadership Styles:

3. Leadership and Ethics:

4. Leadership and Diversity:

5. Leadership in Different Industries:

6. Leadership and Change Management:

7. Leadership and Employee Motivation:

8. Leadership Development:

9. Leadership and Organizational Culture:

10. Leadership and Decision Making:

The Range of Leadership Research Paper Topics

How to Choose Leadership Research Paper Topics

How to Write a Leadership Research Paper

iResearchNet Writing Services

Elevate Your Leadership Research with iResearchNet

ORDER HIGH QUALITY CUSTOM PAPER

277 Top Leadership Research Topics for Your Thesis

Interesting Dissertation Topics in Educational Leadership

Hot Leadership Training Topics

Trendy Leadership Development Topics for Research

Organizational Leadership Dissertation Topics

Fantastic Women’s Leadership Topics

Interesting Leadership Topics

Nursing Leadership Paper Topics

Leadership Speech Topics

Leadership Topics for Managers

Having an Issue Completing Your Leadership Dissertation?

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

182 Hot Leadership Research Topics For You

What Is Leadership All About?

How To Write A Good Leadership Research Paper

Research Questions About Leadership

Organizational Leadership Topics

Good Leadership Paper Topics

Unique Leadership Topic Ideas

Leadership Topics for Discussion

Research Topics for Educational Leadership

Leadership Dissertation Topics

Nursing Leadership Paper Topics

Leadership Research Paper Topics on Women and Gender

Interesting Leadership Paper Ideas

Controversial Leadership Research Topics

Get Help From Research Paper Writing Service

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Leadership →

How Do Great Leaders Overcome Adversity?

Why Boeing’s Problems with the 737 MAX Began More Than 25 Years Ago

Do Boomerang CEOs Get a Bad Rap?

10 Trends to Watch in 2024

Can Sustainability Drive Innovation at Ferrari?

Lessons in Decision-Making: Confident People Aren't Always Correct (Except When They Are)

The Beauty Industry: Products for a Healthy Glow or a Compact for Harm?

Do We Underestimate the Importance of Generosity in Leadership?

From P.T. Barnum to Mary Kay: Lessons From 5 Leaders Who Changed the World

Yes, You Can Radically Change Your Organization in One Week

The PGA Tour and LIV Golf Merger: Competition vs. Cooperation

As Leaders, Why Do We Continue to Reward A, While Hoping for B?

What Kind of Leader Are You? How Three Action Orientations Can Help You Meet the Moment

How Are Middle Managers Falling Down Most Often on Employee Inclusion?

Every Company Should Have These Leaders—or Develop Them if They Don't

Four Steps to Building the Psychological Safety That High-Performing Teams Need

From Prison Cell to Nike’s C-Suite: The Journey of Larry Miller

The Entrepreneurial Journey of China’s First Private Mental Health Hospital

Can Robin Williams’ Son Help Other Families Heal Addiction and Depression?

The First 90 Hours: What New CEOs Should—and Shouldn't—Do to Set the Right Tone

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW article

Introduction

Research Design

Data Collection

Data Analysis and Qualitative Coding

Dataset Description

Main Theoretical Frameworks

The Macro Perspective of Analysis: Main Categories

The Relationship Between E-Leaders and Organizations

Digital Tools and Organizations: How Technology Enhances the Optimization of Complex Organizational Environments

Organizations and Ethics

Leadership and Digital Tools: Insights From Social Movement Studies

The Micro Level of Analysis: Main Categories