phd nima degani

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Nima Dehghani

Associated Research Module: 

• Module 1: Visual Stream

Associated Research Thrust: 

• Neural Circuits for Intelligence
• Theoretical Frameworks for Intelligence
• Exploring Future Directions

Nima Dehghani  is a Research Scientist at the Allen Discovery Center | Tufts University. Previously, he was a Computational & Theoretical Neuroscientist at MIT physics department. After his medical training, as a research fellow at the  HMS/MGH/MIT Martinos center  and then at the  UCSD Multimodal Imaging Lab  & MGH Cortical Neurophysiology Lab, he worked on multimodal investigation and electromagnetic source localization of sleep rhythms and thalamocortical oscillations.  His PhD work at  Unite de Neurosciences, Information et Complexite (UNIC) of Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , was on spectral dynamics of MEG/EEG, assessment of self-organized criticality in multi-electrode ensemble recordings, and analyzing network properties of excitation/inhibition in micro-circuitry of the cerebral cortex. At  Harvard's Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering , and lately at  New England Complex Systems Institute  and  MIT Physics  he uses multimodal techniques in conjunction with the theoretical implications of bioelectromagnetism, multiscale interaction, and complex systems to characterize the dynamic patterns of neuro-signals obtained from miniaturized high-throughput microdevices and large-scale recordings. He aims to use the theoretical perspective of of neuronal ensemble dynamics in design of bio-inspired intelligence and to further enhance their usability for clinical purposes.

Nima's research track encompasses interconnected frontiers: i) investigating the nature of state-dependent collective information processing ranging from macroscopic/mesoscopic scale dynamics (Spatiotemporal characteristics of large scale oscillations), ii) understanding ensemble pattern formation at mesoscopic/microcircuitry scale (Spatiotemporal orchestration of local field potential and spiking ensembles patterns) iii) to bridge across these computational scales, he studies the physical nature of the measured signals at multiple scale (MEG, EEG, Electrocorticogram, Local field potential, Spiking) and their underlying biophysical constitutes (Biophysical links across these scales of observation).

• http://compneuro.mit.edu/
• http://scholar.harvard.edu/nima

The Center for Brains, Minds & Machines

Search form, you are here.

CBMM is committed to developing and supporting new interdisciplinary collaborations that will further our understanding of intelligence.

Nima Dehghani

Department: 

Associated research thrust: .

• Neural Circuits for Intelligence
• Co-Investigators
• Theoretical Frameworks for Intelligence
• Exploring Future Directions

Nima Dehghani  is a Computational & Theoretical Neuroscientist at MIT physics department. After his medical training, as a research fellow at the  HMS/MGH/MIT Martinos center  and then at the  UCSD Multimodal Imaging Lab  & MGH Cortical Neurophysiology Lab, he worked on multimodal investigation and electromagnetic source localization of sleep rhythms and thalamocortical oscillations.  His PhD work at  Unite de Neurosciences, Information et Complexite (UNIC) of Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , was on spectral dynamics of MEG/EEG, assessment of self-organized criticality in multi-electrode ensemble recordings, and analyzing network properties of excitation/inhibition in micro-circuitry of the cerebral cortex. At  Harvard's Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering , and lately at  New England Complex Systems Institute  and  MIT Physics  he uses multimodal techniques in conjunction with the theoretical implications of bioelectromagnetism, multiscale interaction, and complex systems to characterize the dynamic patterns of neuro-signals obtained from miniaturized high-throughput microdevices and large-scale recordings. He aims to use the theoretical perspective of of neuronal ensemble dynamics in design of bio-inspired intelligence and to further enhance their usability for clinical purposes.

Nima's research track encompasses interconnected frontiers: i) investigating the nature of state-dependent collective information processing ranging from macroscopic/mesoscopic scale dynamics (Spatiotemporal characteristics of large scale oscillations), ii) understanding ensemble pattern formation at mesoscopic/microcircuitry scale (Spatiotemporal orchestration of local field potential and spiking ensembles patterns) iii) to bridge across these computational scales, he studies the physical nature of the measured signals at multiple scale (MEG, EEG, Electrocorticogram, Local field potential, Spiking) and their underlying biophysical constitutes (Biophysical links across these scales of observation).

Email: 

Room: , website: , advisor/s: .

Nima Dehghani

Featured Co-authors

Gianluca Caterina

Ralf D. Wimmer

Physical computation and compositionality

A computational perspective of the role of Thalamus in cognition

Design of the artificial: lessons from the biological roots of general intelligence.

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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) va Doctor of Science (ScD): asosiy farqlar, oʻqish kimlar uchun, talablar va dissertatsiya himoyasi haqida

35064 marta

CHOP ETILGAN

2017-yilning 1-iyulidan boshlab, yurtimizda oliy taʼlimdan keyingi taʼlim sohasi isloh qilindi. Yaʼni, falsafa doktori – PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) va fan doktori – ScD (Doctor of Science) ilmiy darajalarini beruvchi doktorantura tizimi joriy qilindi.

Huquqiy asos

Ushbu tizimni joriy etish va jarayonni tartibga solish Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining 2017-yil 16-fevraldagi “Oliy oʻquv yurtidan keyingi taʼlim tizimini yanada takomillashtirish toʻgʻrisida”gi PF-4958-son Farmoni va Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Vazirlar Mahkamasining 2017-yil 22-maydagi “Oliy oʻquv yurtidan keyingi taʼlim tizimini yanada takomillashtirish chora-tadbirlari toʻgʻrisida”gi 304-son Qarori hamda “Oliy oʻquv yurtidan keyingi taʼlim toʻgʻrisida Nizom”ga muvofiq amalga oshiriladi ( Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi qonun hujjatlari toʻplami, 2017 y., 8-son, 106-modda ). Batafsil: SHU YERDA.

Farqi nimada?

PhD va ScD doktorlik ilmiy darajasining boshlangʻich va toʻliq bosqichlarni anglatadi. Mohiyatiga koʻra, avvalgi fan nomzodi PhD, fan doktori esa ScD ga mos keladi.

Oʻqishga qabul

1. Tegishli fan tarmogʻi boʻyicha falsafa doktori (PhD) ilmiy darajasini berishni nazarda tutuvchi tayanch doktorantura da oʻqiydi. Falsafa doktori (PhD) ilmiy darajasini olish uchun tayanch doktoranturaga kiruvchi yoki mustaqil izlanuvchi sifatida rasmiylashtiriluvchi shaxslar quyidagi talablarga javob berishi lozim:

• magistr darajasi yoki klinik ordinatura (tibbiyot fanlari uchun),yoki oliy maʼlumot (mutaxassislik dasturlari boʻyicha) toʻgʻrisidagi diplomga ega boʻlish;
• falsafa doktori (PhD) ilmiy darajasini olish uchun dissertatsiya tadqiqoti asosini tashkil qilishi mumkin boʻlgan muayyan ilmiy natijalarga, shu jumladan, ilmiy jurnallar va nashrlarda chop etilgan kamida bitta ilmiy maqolaga hamda ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyalar, seminarlarda, tegishli ilmiy yoʻnalishlar boʻyicha ilmiy ishlar toʻplamlarida kamida ikkita tezisga ega boʻlish;
• Falsafa doktori (PhD) ilmiy darajasini olish uchun mustaqil izlanuvchilikka ikki yildan kam boʻlmagan ilmiy-pedagogik stajga yoki aniq ilmiy yutuqqa (ixtiroga patent yoki mualliflik guvohnomasi) ega boʻlgan shaxslar rasmiylashtiriladi.
• Tayanch doktoranturaga nomzod kirish imtihonlarini topshiradi.

2. Oʻrnatilgan tartibda mustaqil tadqiqotchi sifatida rasmiylashtirilgan, magistr darajasiga yoki oliy maʼlumotga (mutaxassislik dasturlari boʻyicha) ega boʻlgan, yoxud klinik ordinaturani tugatgan (tibbiyot fanlari uchun) shaxslarga ham falsafa doktori (PhD) ilmiy darajasini olish uchun doktorlik dissertatsiyasini himoya qilishga ruxsat beriladi. Mustaqil izlanuvchilik suhbat natijasiga koʻra rasmiylashtiriladi.

*Tibbiyot fanlari boʻyicha oliy oʻquv yurtidan keyingi taʼlim institutiga qabul qilishda OTM yoki ITMning Kollegial organi qarori bilan talabgordan klinik ordinatura (magistraturani) yoki ilmiy darajani olganidan soʻng ilmiy, ilmiy-pedagogik yoki amaliy ish stajiga (ikki yildan toʻrt yilgacha boʻlgan muddatda) ega boʻlishi talab etilishi mumkin.

1. Tegishli fan tarmogʻi boʻyicha fan doktori (Doctor of Science) ilmiy darajasini berishni nazarda tutuvchi doktorantura da oʻqiydi. Fan doktori (DSc) ilmiy darajasini olish uchun doktoranturaga kiruvchi yoki mustaqil izlanuvchi sifatida rasmiylashtiriluvchi shaxslar quyidagi talablarga javob berishi kerak:

• fan nomzodi yoki falsafa doktori (PhD) yoki unga tenglashtirilgan xorijiy mamlakatlarda olingan ilmiy darajalar;
• fan nomzodi yoki falsafa doktori (PhD) ilmiy darajasini olgandan soʻng muhim ilmiy yutuqlarga erishish, shu jumladan, fan doktori (DSc) ilmiy darajasini olish uchun dissertatsiya tadqiqoti asosini tashkil qilishi mumkin boʻlgan ilmiy jurnallarda chop etilgan kamida uchta ilmiy maqolaga hamda ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyalar, seminarlar va tegishli ilmiy yoʻnalishlar boʻyicha ilmiy ishlar toʻplamlarida kamida ikkita tezisga ega boʻlish.
• doktoranturaga qabul suhbat asosida amalga oshiriladi.

2. Oʻrnatilgan tartibda mustaqil tadqiqotchi sifatida rasmiylashtirilgan, falsafa doktori (PhD) yoki fan nomzodi, yoki xorijiy davlatlarda berilgan, unga tenglashtirilgan boshqa ilmiy darajalarga ega boʻlgan shaxslarga ham fan doktori (Doctor of Science) ilmiy darajasini olish uchun doktorlik dissertatsiyasini himoya qilishga ruxsat beriladi. Mustaqil izlanuvchilik suhbat natijasiga koʻra rasmiylashtiriladi.

* Oliy oʻquv yurtidan keyingi taʼlim institutiga qabul qilinadigan talabgorlarning tayanch mutaxassisligi oliy oʻquv yurtidan keyingi taʼlim institutidagi ixtisoslik tegishli boʻlgan fan tarmogʻiga muvofiq boʻlishi kerak. Mutaxassisliklar muvofiq boʻlmaganda dissertatsiyalarni tayyorlash va himoya qilish masalalari Oliy oʻquv yurtidan keyingi taʼlim toʻgʻrisidagi Nizom bilan tartibga solinadi.

Qanday hujjatlar topshiriladi?

Tayanch doktorantura da oʻqishga talabgorlar OTM yoki ITMga quyidagi hujjatlarni taqdim etadilar:

• qisqacha biografik maʼlumotnoma;
• mehnat daftarchasining belgilangan tartibda tasdiqlangan nusxasi (ishlayotgan talabgorlar uchun);
• oliy taʼlim muassasasi magistraturasi diplomi yoki klinik ordinaturani tugatganlik (tibbiyot fanlari uchun), oliy maʼlumot (mutaxassislik dasturlari boʻyicha) toʻgʻrisidagi diplom nusxasi;
• nashr etilgan ilmiy ishlar roʻyxati, shuningdek ularning nusxalari.
• Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti Davlat stipendiyasi sohiblari tegishli hujjat nusxasini taqdim etadilar.

Doktorantura da oʻqishga talabgorlar OTM yoki ITMga quyidagi hujjatlarni taqdim etadilar:

• oliy maʼlumot, fan nomzodi yoxud falsafa doktori (PhD) yoki xorijiy davlatlarda unga tenglashtirilgan ilmiy darajaga ega boʻlganligi toʻgʻrisidagi diplom nusxasi;
• tadqiqot mavzusi boʻyicha ilmiy maʼruza va fan doktori (DSc) ilmiy darajasini olish uchun tayyorlangan doktorlik dissertatsiyasi rejasining mufassal loyihasi;

Kirish imtihonlari

Tayanch doktoranturada oʻqish uchun talabgorlar mutaxassislik va chet tili (taʼlimning oldingi darajalarida oʻrganilgan xorijiy til) boʻyicha kirish imtihonlari topshiradilar. Talabgorlarda IELTS (oʻrtacha balli kamida 5,5), TOEFL (RBT) (567 balldan kam boʻlmagan), TOEFL (iBT) (87 balldan kam boʻlmagan), CEFR (B2 darajadan past boʻlmagan) boʻyicha tasdiqlovchi amaldagi xalqaro malaka sertifikatlari mavjud boʻlganda chet tilidan topshiriladigan imtihonlardan ozod etiladi.

Kirish imtihonlari savollari OTM yoki ITMning qabul komissiyasi tomonidan mutaxassislikning mohiyatidan kelib chiqib tuziladi va Kollegial organ tomonidan tasdiqlanadi.

Doktoranturada oʻqish uchun kirayotgan talabgorlar Kollegial organ tomonidan ixtisoslik boʻyicha suhbatdan oʻtadilar.

*Dedlayn: PhD tayanch doktoranturaga kirish imtihonlari va doktoranturaga kirish uchun suhbat har yili 1 — 25 noyabr davrida oʻtkaziladi.

Kimlarga imtiyoz beriladi?

Tayanch doktoranturaga va doktoranturaga kiruvchi talabgorlarning kirish imtihonlari, suhbat natijalaridan va ajratilgan qabul kvotasidan kelib chiqib, qabul komissiyasi va (yoki) Kollegial organ tomonidan 30 noyabrgacha boʻlgan muddatda qabul qilinganlardan tanlanadi.

Bir necha talabgorlarning tayanch doktoranturaga va doktoranturaga kirish imtihonlari yoki suhbat natijalari boʻyicha ular tomonidan toʻplagan yakuniy ballari teng boʻlgan taqdirda quyidagi talabgorlarga ustunlik beriladi:

Tayanch doktoranturaga:

• Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining Davlat stipendiyalari sohiblari;
• magistraturani aʼlo baholar bilan tamomlaganlar;
• mualliflik guvohnomalari va patentga ega boʻlganlar.

Doktoranturaga:

• 5 yildan ortiq ilmiy-pedagogik stajga ega boʻlganlar;
• mualliflik guvohnomalari va patentga ega boʻlganlar;
• monografiya (ijtimoiy-gumanitar fanlar uchun), talabgorning dissertatsiya mavzusi boʻyicha OAK roʻyxatiga muvofiq ilmiy jurnallarda, shu jumladan xorijiy jurnallarda chop etilgan soni boʻyicha (boshqa talabgorlarga nisbatan) koʻp miqdorda ilmiy maqolaga ega boʻlganlar;
• dissertatsiya tadqiqoti hajmining 50 foizdan koʻp qismini bajarganlar.

Stipendiya qancha?

Oʻqishga qabul qilingan:

PhD: tayanch doktoranturada tahsil oluvchi shaxslarga stajyor-tadqiqotchi lavozim maoshining bazaviy miqdoriga tenglashtirilgan miqdorda stipendiya toʻlanadi.

Doctor of Science: doktoranturada tahsil oluvchi shaxslarga fan nomzodi ilmiy darajasiga ega (ilmiy unvonga ega boʻlmagan) katta ilmiy xodim lavozim maoshining bazaviy miqdoriga tenglashtirilgan miqdorda stipendiya toʻlanadi.

Himoya jarayonidagi talablarda qanday farqlar bor?

PhD ilmiy darajasini olish uchun dissertatsiya tayyorlayotgan nomzodga ilmiy rahbar tayinlanadi.

Falsafa doktori (PhD) ilmiy darajasini olishda dissertatsiya himoyasiga qadar izlanuvchilar:

• ixtisoslik hamda chet tili boʻyicha malakaviy imtihon topshirishi;
• dissertatsiya natijalarining xalqaro va respublika ilmiy va ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyalari da keng muhokama qilinishini taʼminlashi;
• OAK tomonidan belgilangan ilmiy jurnallarda chop etilgan dissertatsiyasining asosiy natijalarini aks ettiradigan kamida uchta (shu jumladan bittasi xorijda) ilmiy maqola ga ega boʻlishi shart.

*Bakalavriat taʼlimi yoʻnalishi va magistratura mutaxassisligi taʼlimning turli sohalariga tegishli boʻlganda, OAK tomonidan belgilangan fanlar boʻyicha qoʻshimcha imtihonlar topshirish sharti bilan, bakalavriat taʼlimining yoʻnalishiga tegishli boʻlgan taʼlim sohasiga muvofiq boʻlgan mutaxassislik boʻyicha falsafa doktori (PhD) ilmiy darajasini olish uchun doktorlik dissertatsiyasining belgilangan tartibda tayyorlanishiga va himoya qilinishiga yoʻl qoʻyiladi.

ScD uchun ilmiy konsultant (ilmiy maslahatchi) tayinlanadi.

*Fan doktori (DSc) ilmiy darajasini olish uchun dissertatsiya tadqiqotlarini, izlanuvchining xohishiga koʻra, ilmiy konsultantsiz ham olib borish mumkin.

Fan doktori (DSc) ilmiy darajasi uchun dissertatsiya himoya qilishgacha izlanuvchilar:

• OAK tomonidan belgilangan ilmiy jurnallarda chop etilgan dissertatsiyasining asosiy natijalarini aks ettiradigan kamida oʻnta (shu jumladan bittasi xorijda) ilmiy maqola ga ega boʻlishi shart.
• Ijtimoiy-gumanitar fanlar boʻyicha fan doktori (DSc) ilmiy darajasi uchun izlanuvchilar dissertatsiya natijalari boʻyicha monografiya chop etgan boʻlishi lozim.

Dissertatsiyaga qoʻyiladigan talablar

Falsafa doktori (PhD) ilmiy darajasini olish uchun taqdim etilgan dissertatsiya bilimlarning tegishli tarmogʻida muhim ahamiyatga ega masalaning yangi yechimidan iborat yoki dolzarb ilmiy masalaning yechimiga qaratilgan ilmiy asoslangan ilmiy-texnik yoki ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan tugallangan shakldagi ilmiy ish boʻlishi lozim.

Fan doktori (Doctor of Science) ilmiy darajasini olish uchun taqdim etilgan dissertatsiya tugallangan ilmiy ish boʻlishi va unda:

• muhim ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy, ilmiy yoki amaliy muammolar yechimi keltirilgan;
• yoki tegishli fan sohasining istiqbolli yoʻnalishini rivojlantirish uchun yirik yutuq sifatida baholanadigan yangi nazariy qoidalar kompleksi ishlab chiqilgan;
• yoki joriy etilishi fan va texnika, ijtimoiy-siyosiy soha yoki iqtisodiyot tarmogʻining rivojlanishiga salmoqli hissa qoʻshadigan nazariy-metodologik va uslubiy asoslar, ilmiy asoslangan texnik, iqtisodiy yoki texnologik yechimlar ishlab chiqilgan (takomillashtirilgan) boʻlishi lozim.

*Har ikkala daraja uchun dissertatsiya va dissertatsiya avtoreferatini rasmiylashtirish qoidalari OAK tomonidan belgilanadi. Shuningdek, dissertatsiyani rasmiylashtirish va uni himoya qilish izlanuvchining xohishiga koʻra oʻzbek, rus, qoraqalpoq va ingliz tillaridan biri yoki OAK bilan kelishilgan holda boshqa tilda amalga oshiriladi.

Umumiy malaka talablari

Quyidagilar oliy malakali ilmiy va ilmiy-pedagog kadrlar tayyorgarligining zaruriy va yetarli darajasini belgilaydigan asosiy talablar hisoblanadi:

Falsafa doktorlari uchun (PhD):

• umumilmiy va aniq tarmoq tadqiqotlarining metodologiyasini egallagani, muammoni malakali tarzda aniqlashi va asoslay olishi, ilmiy maʼlumotlar va materiallarni maqsadli tarzda izlay olishi, tahlil qilishi, tizimlashtirishi va umumlashtirish qobiliyatiga ega boʻlishi;
• tadqiqot natijalariga asoslanib muammo mazmunini bayon qila bilishni, ilmiy xulosalar va tavsiyalarni aniq va loʻnda ifodalay olishi;
• ilmiy natijalarni amaliyotda joriy etish uchun taqdim qila olishi;

Fan doktorlari uchun (DSc):

• ixtisoslik boʻyicha chuqur fundamental bilimlarga ega boʻlishi;
• fundamental tadqiqotlarni yuqori saviyada bajara olishi va muhim ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy ahamiyatga ega ilmiy-amaliy muammolarni yecha olishi;
• ilmiy natijalarni amaliyotga joriy etishi.

Diplom quyidagi koʻrinishda boʻladi:

*Barcha maʼlumotlar bilan batafsil: SHU YERDA tanishing.

*Maqola Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining 2017-yil 16-fevraldagi “Oliy oʻquv yurtidan keyingi taʼlim tizimini yanada takomillashtirish toʻgʻrisida”gi PF-4958-son Farmoni hamda Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Vazirlar Mahkamasining 2017-yil 22-maydagi “Oliy oʻquv yurtidan keyingi taʼlim tizimini yanada takomillashtirish chora-tadbirlari toʻgʻrisida”gi 304-son Qarori, shuningdek, Qarorning 2-ilovasi boʻlgan “ Oliy oʻquv yurtidan keyingi taʼlim toʻgʻrisida Nizom” asosida tayyorlandi.

Eng ko'p o'qilgan

Deutschland scholarship: germaniyada bakalavriat yoki magistraturada oʻqish uchun oyiga 300 yevro stipendiya; joy – 150 ta, schwarzman scholars: xitoyda magistraturada oʻqish uchun toʻliq grant, bepul turar joy, aviachipta va stipendiya, flex: maktab, litsey va kollej oʻquvchilari uchun aqshda 1 yil davomida oʻqish imkoniyati; oʻqish davomida barcha xarajatlar qoplanadi, yaponiya: magistratura va doktorantura bosqichida oʻqish uchun mext toʻliq grantiga hujjatlar qabul qilinmoqda, rossiya: bakalavriat va magistraturada o’qish uchun to’liq grant va oylik stipendiya, climatescience olympiad 2024: 25 yoshgacha boʻlganlar uchun onlayn olimpiada: mukofot jamgʻarmasi 15 000 dollar va gʻoliblar bakuga bepul safar qiladi, turkiye burslari: barcha bosqichlar va sohalar uchun to’liq grantlar, yotoqxona, stipendiya va boshqalar, grantlar taqvimi.

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Nima Mesgarani, PhD

• Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering (Columbia University)

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Academic appointments.

My research interests are in information processing of acoustic signals at the interface of engineering and neuroscience. Using an interdisciplinary research approach, our goal is to bridge the gap between these two disciplines by reverse engineering the signal processing in the brain, which in turn inspires novel approaches to emulate human abilities in machines.

This integrated research approach leads to better scientific understanding of the brain, novel speech processing algorithms for automated systems, and innovative methods for Brain-Machine Interface and neural prosthesis.

Research Interests

• Neural Engineering
• Neural Processing of Speech and Sound
• Neuro-Inspired Computation

Selected Publications

Zai, A., Bhargava, S., Mesgarani, N., & Liu, S. C. (2015). Reconstruction of audio waveforms from spike trains of artificial cochlea models. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 9, 347 Mesgarani, N. (2014). Stimulus Reconstruction from Cortical Responses. In Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience (pp. 1-3). Springer New York Suied, C., Agus, T. R., Thorpe, S. J., Mesgarani, N., Pressnitzer, D. (2014). Auditory gist: Recognition of very short sounds from timbre cues. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 135(3), 1380-1391 Mesgarani, N., Cheung, C., Jonson, K., Chang, E. F., (2014), "Representation of phonetic features in human non-primary auditory cortex", Science 1245994 Mesgarani, N., David, S. V., Fritz, J., Shamma, S., (2014), "Mechanisms of noise robust Representation of Speech in Primary Auditory Cortex", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), 111.18 O'Sullivan, J. A., Power, A. J., Mesgarani., …, Lalor, E. C. (2014). Attentional selection in a cocktail party environment can be decoded from single-trial EEG. Cerebral Cortex Suied, C., Agus, T. R., Thorpe, S. J., Mesgarani, N., & Pressnitzer, D. (2014). Auditory gist: Recognition of very short sounds from timbre cues. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 135(3), 1380-1391 Bouchard, K., Mesgarani, N., Johnson, K., Chang, E. F., (2013), "Functional Organization of Human Ventral Sensorimotor Cortex in Speech Articulation", Nature 1476 Mesgarani, N., Chang, E. F., (2012), "Selective cortical representation of attended speaker in multi-talker speech perception", Nature 485 Pasley, B., David, S., Mesgarani, N., Flinker, A., Shamma, S., Crone, N., Knight, R., Chang, E., (2012), "Reconstructing speech from human auditory cortex." PLoS-Biology 10, no. 1: 175 Mesgarani, N., Thomas, S., & Hermansky, H. (2011). Toward optimizing stream fusion in multistream recognition of speech. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 130(1), EL14-EL18 Sivaram, G. S., Nemala, S. K., Mesgarani, N., & Hermansky, H. (2010). Data-driven and feedback based spectro-temporal features for speech recognition. Signal processing Letters, IEEE, 17(11), 957-960 Mesgarani, N., David, S. V., Fritz, J. B., & Shamma, S. A. (2009). Influence of context and behavior on stimulus reconstruction from neural activity in primary auditory cortex. Journal of neurophysiology, 102(6), 3329-3339 Mesgarani, N., Fritz, J., & Shamma, S. (2010). A computational model of rapid task-related plasticity of auditory cortical receptive fields. Journal of computational neuroscience, 28(1), 19-27 David, S. V., Mesgarani, N., Fritz, J. B., & Shamma, S. A. (2009). Rapid synaptic depression explains nonlinear modulation of spectro-temporal tuning in primary auditory cortex by natural stimuli. The Journal of Neuroscience, 29(11), 3374-3386 David, S. V., Mesgarani, N., & Shamma, S. A. (2007). Estimating sparse spectro-temporal receptive fields with natural stimuli. Network: Computation in Neural Systems, 18(3), 191-212 Mesgarani, N., David, S. V., Fritz, J. B., & Shamma, S. A. (2008). Phoneme representation and classification in primary auditory cortex. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 123(2), 899-909 Mesgarani, N., & Shamma, S. (2007). Denoising in the domain of spectrotemporal modulations. EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing, 2007(3), 3 Mesgarani, N., Slaney, M., & Shamma, S. (2006). Discrimination of speech from non-speech based on multiscale spectro-temporal modulations. Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, IEEE Transactions on, 14(3), 920-930

Refereed conference publications Nagamine, T., Seltzer, M. L., & Mesgarani, N. (2015). Exploring How Deep Neural Networks Form Phonemic Categories. In Sixteenth Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, Dresden, Germany Yang, M., Sheth, S. A., Schevon, C. A., II, G. M. M., & Mesgarani, N. (2015). Speech reconstruction from human auditory cortex with deep neural networks. In Sixteenth Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, Dresden, Germany Mahajan, N., Mesgarani, N., & Hermansky, H. (2014). Principal Components of Auditory Spectro-Temporal Receptive Fields. In Fifteenth Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association Ng, T., Zhang, B., Nguyen, L., Matsoukas, S., Zhou, X., Mesgarani, N., ... & Matejka, P. (2012). Developing a Speech Activity Detection System for the DARPA RATS Program. In Proceedings of Interspeech Plchot, Oldrich, et al. (2013), "Developing a speaker identification system for the DARPA RATS project." International Conference on Acoustic, Speech, and Signal Processing Mesgarani, N., Chang, E. F., (2012), "Speech and speaker separation in human auditory cortex", in Proceedings of Interspeech, Portland Zhou, X., Garcia-Romero, D., Mesgarani, N., Stone, M. C., Espy-Wilson, C. Y., & Shamma, S. A. (2012). Automatic intelligibility assessment of pathologic speech in head and neck cancer based on auditory-inspired spectro-temporal modulations. In Proceedings of Interspeech Thomas, S., Mallidi, S. H. R., Janu, T., Hermansky, H., Mesgarani, N., Zhou, X., ... & Matsoukas, S. (2012). Acoustic and Data-driven Features for Robust Speech Activity Detection. In Proceedings of Interspeech Hermansky, H., Mesgarani, N., & Thomas, S. (2011). Performance monitoring for robustness in automatic recognition of speech. In MLSLP (pp. 31-34) Mesgarani, N., Thomas, S., & Hermansky, H. (2011). Adaptive Stream Fusion in Multistream Recognition of Speech. In INTERSPEECH (pp. 2329-2332) Mesgarani, N., & Shamma, S. (2011). Speech processing with a cortical representation of audio. In Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) Mesgarani, N., Shamma, S., (2010) "Noise Robust Encoding of Speech in Primary Auditory Cortex", in proc. of IEEE Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, Asilomar, CA Jansen, A., Mesgarani, N., Niyogi, P., (2010), "Point Process Models of Spectro-Temporal Modulation Events for Speech Recognition", in proc. Of IEEE Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, Asilomar, CA Mesgarani, N., Thomas, S., Hermansky, H., (2010), "A multistream multiresolution framework for phoneme recognition", International Conference on Speech and Language (Interspeech), Makuhari, Japan Thomas, S., Patil, K., Ganapathy, S., Mesgarani, N., & Hermansky, H. (2010). A phoneme recognition framework based on auditory spectro-temporal receptive fields. In Proceedings of Interspeech (pp. 2458-2461) Liu, S., Mesgarani, N., Hermansky, H., (2010), "The use of spike-based representations for hardware audition systems, IEEE International Symposium on Circuit and Systems, (ISCAS), France Mirbagheri, M., Mesgarani, N., Shamma, S., (2010), "Speech enhancement using nonlinear filtering of spectrotemporal representation", IEEE International Conference on Acoustic, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Dallas Sivaram, G., Nemala, S., Mesgarani, N., Elhilali, M., Hermansky, H., (2010), "Augmented discriminant spectrotemporal features for speech recognition", IEEE Int. Conference on Acoustic, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Dallas Mesgarani, N., Sivaram, G., Hermansky, H., (2009) "Discriminant spectrotemporal features for phoneme recognition", International Conference on Speech and Language (Interspeech), U.K

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Prof. (emeritus) gad degani.

Biology and Physiology of Fish and Amphibians This field involves research into species of fish and amphibians that are less well known. The areas of research are: reproduction growth and nutrition in nature and behavior. In addition, certain aspects of environmental physiology of species of fish and amphibians are under examination: the objects of this aspect of research is the study of metabolism, and the influence of temperature on growth, the physiological adaptation of amphibians to their environment, in water economy and the control of body fluids under the influence of different environmental conditions of moisture and temperature, especially salinity tolerance and osmoregulation. These are studies in the fields of comparative and environmental physiology.

Nutrition of Fish and Amphibians This research can be divided into a number of areas. A portion deals with the natural food of animals. Another portion involves efforts to improve the formulation of artificial food for fish (a) through learning the chemical body composition of fish, and from this determining the percentages of its required ingredients; (b) through examining the value of protein in fish food; (c) examining the value of fats,); (d) examining the value of carbohydrates. At present, work in nutrition concentrates on the development of the formulation of food for tropical fish.

The Influence of Hormones on the Growth and Reproduction of Fish (molecular endocrinology) Current work concerns the steroids and other hormones of fish, and their influence on various processes in fish, in particular growth, body composition, food requirements and enzymatic processes . Particularly worth mentioning is the breakthrough in which Prof. Degani has shown that growth hormones and insulin can be absorbed into the body of the fish through oral administration: up to that time it was thought that whole proteins could not be absorbed into the bloodstream via the gills or the digestive system. Further work on the reproductive system has shown that other proteinous hormones can be administered in the same way, e.g., gonadotropin. Present research work concerns hormonal control of reproduction.

Animals in the Ecological System and Environmental Behavior Dr Degani's work on the ecology of water systems concentrates mainly on the interrelationship between various animals and their aquatic ecosystems, especially environmental influences such as water quality and food, the prime factors in animal interaction. There is an additional interest in behavioral models of animals in nature, aiming to establish how the animal adapts itself to its environment through its behavior

Education Ph.D. 1979, Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University M.Sc. 1976, Department of Biology, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa

Academic and research experience Since 2008-2013: Chairperson, M.Sc. Program, Department of Biotechnology, Tel Hai College Since 1998: Professor, Tel-Hai College Faculty of Sciences and Technology Since 1997: Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University Since 1986-2011: Scientific Director, MIGAL - Galilee Technology Center 1999 – 2003: Dean of the Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai College 1987 – 1999: Academic Director of Agriculture, Tel-Hai College 1994: Visiting Professor, University of Maryland 1993: Adjunct Professor, East Carolina University, NC 1991: Visiting Scientist, City University of New York, Brooklyn College 1990-2000 Head of Golan Research institute 1983 – 1984: Visiting Scientist, East Carolina University, NC, USA 1981 – 1982: Research Associate, Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Since 1979: Lecturer, Tel-Hai College Faculty of Sciences and Technology and researcher at MIGAL - Galilee Technological Center.

Books Degani, G. & Gallagher, M.L. (1995). Growth and Nutrition of Eels. Israel: Laser Pages Publishing.

Degani, G. (1996). The Salamander at the Southern Limit of its Distribution. Israel: Laser Pages Publishing.  1996 Salamandra Israel PDF.pdf

Degani, G. (2001). Blue Gourami (Truchogaster Trichopterus) Model for Labyrinth Fish. Israel: Laser Pages Publishing.  2001 Blue Gourami Book PDF.pdf

Degani, G. & Yom-Din, G. (2005). Research on New Fish Species for Aquaculture in Northern Israel. Haifa, Israel: Ayalon Offset Ltd.  2005 New Fish North Israel Book  PDF.pdf

Degani, G. 2019. The Fire Salamandra ( Salamandra infraimmaculata ) and the Banded Newt ( Triturus vittatus ) Along the Southern Border of Their. Published by Scientific Research Publishing, Inc. ISBN: 978-1-61896-693-3. 2019 THE FIRE SALAMANDRA E-book.pdf

Degani, G. (2022). Interaction of Sexual Behavior and Hormone Gene Expression in the Labyrinthici Fish Blue Gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus) during Reproduction. 2022 Link to the book.

Scientific Publications

Biological adaptations of anuran species across diverse habitats, spanning mediterranean to desert climates, transcriptome variation in banded newt (ommatotriton vittatus) during its life cycle and habitat transition, skin mucus metabolites in salamandra infraimmaculata from various habitats, correlation between kisspeptin 2 and its receptors in blue gourami fish (trichogaster trichopterus), and its role in reproduction, studies on oocyte development in blue gourami (trichogaster trichopterus) fry involves several stages, the genetic diversity of triturus vittatus vittatus (synonym ommatotriton vittatus) along the southern border of its distribution, russian sturgeon acclimatization in northern israel: nutrition, reproduction, and growth. michigan journal of animal science and technology, the creation of the faculty of sciences and technology at tel-hai academic college marks a significant milestone in the development of a university in the northeastern region of israel, the yellow spot pattern of salamander (salamandra infraimmaculata) in various habitats at the southern border of its distribution in israel, eastern fire salamander (salamandra infraimmaculata) skin mucus metabolites – lc-ms/ms analysis, cross-species conservation of a transposase-linked element enables genetic sexing of commercial populations of russian sturgeon (acipenser gueldenstaedtii), whole-genome inter-sex variation in russian sturgeon (acipenser gueldenstaedtii), external and internal factors affecting growth and sex differentiation in european eels, anguilla anguilla, sturgeon (acipenser gueldenstaedtii) acclimatization to optimal growth conditions—a case study of adaptation, nutrition, reproduction, and sex determination, whole-genome inter-sex variation in russian sturgeon (acipenser gueldenstaedtii), a business analysis of innovations in aquaculture: evidence from israeli sturgeon caviar farm, changes in tree frog (hyla savignyi) coloration in unstable habitats at the southern border of its distribution, markers of genetic variation in blue gourami (trichogaster trichopterus) as a model for labyrinth fish, academic research, higher education, and peripheral development: the case of israel, the effect of light and soil moisture on the environmental behavior of newts (triturus vittatus vittatus, urodela): a detailed study, study of the habitats, burrowing behavior, physiological adaptation and life cycle of spadefoot toad (pelobates syriacus, boettger, 1869) at the southern limit of its distribution in israel.

Physical Address

#1 Shell Camp Owerri, Nigeria

MD vs. PhD – What’s the difference?

• July 25, 2021

It is not news that education doesn’t stop after you complete whatever years your course demands. Deciding to obtain your master’s degree still leaves you in a position where you are yet to acquire the highest degree possible.

Two highly-rated degrees that are both quite prestigious but have different demands to obtain and acquire are the MD and PhD . MD meaning Doctor of medicine , while PhD implies Doctor of philosophy .

Over the years, some students may have mistaken the two for each other. Some students are oblivious of the fact that there is a degree called MD as PhD has become relatively acquired more than MD.

In the course of this article, we would look at why this is so, their various origins, job description, and which you should think of acquiring to suit your basic academic and job-seeking needs.

Table of Contents

Similarities Between MD and PhD

There are some similarities between MD and PhD. They include;

• They are both higher degrees.
• They both are prestigious degrees.
• You cannot obtain them without a lower degree in a particular field.
• They both costs money to obtain
• Students may have to take loans to acquire their degrees.

Given that they have all these similarities, they have got to be the same degree. But only people who are not informed about the differences between PhD and MD would make such assumptions.

Let’s look at some of the things that make these degrees different.

Differences Between MD and PhD

Let’s look at the differences in MD and PhD in various ways;

Name Meaning:

The first difference between the two degrees is in the whole meaning of their names; while one is a Doctor of Medicine (MD), the other is simply a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD).

The MD is older than the PhD, with the MD having been in existence since the 9th century in the medieval Arabic university. The PhD, however, has only been into play in the middle ages and started in European universities.

Who Can Study It:

The MD can only be acquired by people who studied medicine to their lower degree, for students who are not aware. The PhD, however, can be obtained by people of different fields, both science and art fields.

Job Description:

The job description of the MD degree enables a person who obtains this degree to treat patients and prescribe drugs for patients, unlike its counterpart, PhD, which is purely a research-based degree.

Read this: Why are Trade schools bad? (Major reasons)

Requirements:

The requirements for obtaining the two degrees are different. The MD requires two years of study and two years of rotational work in a hospital.

The PhD requires that you submit a research work called a thesis, examined by experts and defended by you.

Length of Study:

Another difference you have to take note of is the length of study. The MD takes about four years to complete it, while the PhD takes about 4 to 7 years.

Cost of Study:

Generally, the cost to study the MD and PhD costs is almost the same on a per-year basis. However, given that PhD is longer than MD, it takes more money as more years are involved.

This often implies that students applying for loans to obtain this degree will need more loans in PhD than MD. However, it is also essential to know that in the MD, you could be working and schooling, which enables you to raise funds.

The MD and PhD are well-respected degrees, but arguments have risen to insinuate that the PhD is more prestigious over the years. So if you are looking to acquire a more respected degree PhD is for you.

Having weighed the similarities and dissimilarities in the two degrees, one might be tempted to study the PhD. However, this should be sorely dependent on what you envisage achieving by obtaining the degree.

If the prestigious rights that come with PhD do you interest you, you can choose a faster route than the MD.

The prestigious rights of a PhD and the fact that a PhD is seen across all fields make it the popularly known advanced degree compared to MD.

Read this: STEM Degree (Everything you need to know)

Awesome one; I hope this article answered your question.

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Franklin Izuekwe

Hello, I am Franklin! For two years, I began actively assisting students in Europe, the United States, Asia and Canada in their pursuit of college advice and scholarship prospects. I am a content writer at www.schoolandtravel.com.

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First refuelling for Russia’s Akademik Lomonosov floating NPP

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The FNPP includes two KLT-40S reactor units. In such reactors, nuclear fuel is not replaced in the same way as in standard NPPs – partial replacement of fuel once every 12-18 months. Instead, once every few years the entire reactor core is replaced with and a full load of fresh fuel.

The KLT-40S reactor cores have a number of advantages compared with standard NPPs. For the first time, a cassette core was used, which made it possible to increase the fuel cycle to 3-3.5 years before refuelling, and also reduce by one and a half times the fuel component in the cost of the electricity produced. The operating experience of the FNPP provided the basis for the design of the new series of nuclear icebreaker reactors (series 22220). Currently, three such icebreakers have been launched.

The Akademik Lomonosov was connected to the power grid in December 2019, and put into commercial operation in May 2020.

Electricity generation from the FNPP at the end of 2023 amounted to 194 GWh. The population of Pevek is just over 4,000 people. However, the plant can potentially provide electricity to a city with a population of up to 100,000. The FNPP solved two problems. Firstly, it replaced the retiring capacities of the Bilibino Nuclear Power Plant, which has been operating since 1974, as well as the Chaunskaya Thermal Power Plant, which is more than 70 years old. It also supplies power to the main mining enterprises located in western Chukotka. In September, a 490 km 110 kilovolt power transmission line was put into operation connecting Pevek and Bilibino.

Image courtesy of TVEL

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