powerpoint presentation on air pollution

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Air Pollution PPT | Free Download | 17 Slides

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To live, we need to breathe. To breathe, we need fresh air. Fresh air is one of the basic and essential things we need to live on earth. Fresh air is equally important to every one us as food and water. Even plants need oxygen to convert food into energy. From these things, we can understand the importance of oxygen and fresh air. A place without oxygen will be a dead zone with no humans, animals, and plants. Without oxygen, nobody can survive on earth.

All these facts point the fingers at the importance of keeping air pollution-free. But the truth is, the air is getting polluted at a massive rate every day. There are hundreds of causes. In these, there are some which are very harmful to us. But how can we reduce the rate of air pollution? Well, there are different ways that we could try to stop air pollution. Before that, let us find out what are the utmost causes of air pollution. Here are they. 

What Do We Mean By Air Pollution?

It’s simple. Air pollution refers to the release of pollutants into the air like Nitrogen Oxide, Volatile Organic Compounds, Carbon Dioxide, Sulphur Oxide, dioxins, and other harmful gases. Once these gases are released, they become a colossal threat to the environment and human health.

How Do We Know the Quality of Air?

The purity of air measured using an AQI thermometer that runs on a scale from 0 to 500. The AQI refers to Air Quality Index. It measures how pure or polluted the surrounding air is. If the numeric value on the scale is between 0-50, the quality of the surrounding air is considered healthy and satisfactory. As the values increase, the quality of the air decreases. If AQI is showing a value of 500, that means you are standing in a hazardous surrounding. Have a look at the AQI chart below for more details.

Major Causes Of Air Pollution

It is well known to everyone how air pollution happens. It happens in many ways. Sometimes careless and reckless human activities lead to the major reasons for air pollution. Even though, here are some of the common causes of air pollution.

Burning of Plastic Wastes.

How do we avoid plastics from our houses? Either we throw them or light them up, right? These careless acts will lead to the worst pollution ever. Burning them releases toxic gases like dioxins, furans, mercury, and polychlorinated. These gases are a threat to the atmosphere, vegetation, humans, and animal health. If we throw them out, they can remain in the soil for 20-500 years before fully decomposing based on the material and structure. Over these years, it pollutes the soil and harms the earth. 

So, burning and throwing plastic does not work and leads to air pollution or soil pollution in the long term perspective. Then what will we do? Well, we can recycle and reuse plastic to an extent. But once the plastic is melted and reformed into new products, the quality of plastic gets reduced. In addition, the quality of plastic will keep reducing with every successive recycling. Furthermore, recycling is limited to a number 3 or 4 times because of the quality compromise of plastic. 

In fact, we only have a limited number of opportunities in the case of plastic. Either we reduce the use of plastic or recycle and reuse them as much as we can. 

Limiting the use of plastic seems more practical and smooth in our day-to-day life. There are many instances where we can reduce the use of plastic. Here are some of the tracts where we can instantly act to limit the usages of plastic

• Use cloth bags instead of plastics bags while going to the shops.
• Use paper plates and tumblers instead of plastic ones when you arrange a tea party or get-togethers. 
• Use paper straws in restaurants and coffee shops.
• Use paper bottled soft drinks.

There are more and more situations where we can reduce the unnecessary use of plastic covers and materials. It can turn out well when more people come forward with the same mindset of bringing down plastic use. 

Are there any alternatives for plastic?

Yes, there are. But literally, there are no materials with the exact matching properties with plastic. For instance, properties like durability, strength, water-resistant, lightweight, and inexpensive are rare to find in materials without polymer as an ingredient. Scientists and researchers are trying to formulate materials with the matching properties as plastic but with less pollution.

As said earlier, there are many instances where we can reduce the use of plastic and always try to avoid it as much as we can. Even if they are baby steps towards reducing plastic, take it and help our environment. Moreover, be a part of keeping the city and your premises clean.

Industrial Emission

Industries play a colossal role in all kinds of pollutions. They contribute almost one-third to the overall when we compare industrial pollution with other causes. Industries will be the 2nd largest cause of air pollution, water pollution, and sound pollution. Pollutants like carbon monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide, and Sulfur dioxide are released when they operate factories and industries. The volume of pollutants released into the atmosphere is way more than we imagine and the problems they can make are huge.

It is necessary to know where the pollution happens and who pollutes the air the most. Studies say that industries that produce electricity pollute the atmosphere more than any other industry.

A considerable amount of pollutants is kicked from the industries when the continuous burning of fossil fuels happened. These emitted gases make the most of the troubles to the ozone layer and cause ozone layer depletion. We need both electricity and the earth. We can not avoid one or the other for any reason. The only way is to protect both without harming each other. The only solution for this will be the rise of green energy. Only the challenge facing is the continuous supply of energy. Green energy like solar and wind are very cost-effective and pollution-free when comparing to the traditional ones.

Each and every individual can contribute and can be a part of saving the earth from air pollution and global warming. Switch to green energy as much as we can and reduce the consumption of traditional electricity from the government or private companies. Nowadays, everybody has inverters in the home as a standard facility. It will not cost you much to connect 2 or 3 solar panels to the battery and save 60% power usage from the traditional electric supply.

How can we reduce industrial air pollution?

As we said earlier, industries and factories are essential for the growth of the people and nation. We can’t stop factories in the name of air pollution. What we can do is, we can find some ways to reduce the amount of air pollution. For instance, we should try to convert these harmful gases to regular gases with the help of proper techniques and setups.

Most importantly, people living near industrial areas are very likely to have many allergies and lung diseases. Always wear a mask when you are going out or going near industrial and factory areas. If you are working in an industrial area, always wear a mask and other safety gear to ensure maximum safety.

Wildfires can take place at any time. It is an unplanned and uncontrolled fire caused by lightning strikes. As the name says, it occurs largely in forest areas. Mostly, the lighting strikes on the trees, branches, dry grass, and then the fire is generated. Eventually, this fire will spread to other trees, branches, and grasses and becomes wildfires, and causes air pollution.

Wildfires are common forested areas of the United States and Canada. It is one of the causes of air pollution, deforestation, and animal extinction. In a wildfire, many animals lose their lives and shelter. Some get burns and wounds in the running through the wildfire. 

All these will continue until fire settles down. Sometimes it takes 2-3 days to settle down completely. But in the end, we lose animals, trees, the environment, and what not?

Also, sometimes the causes of wildfire can be different. Sometimes it happens due to the carelessness of people living around the forest. For instance, even trash burning and campfires can spread fire if not concerned well. So it is always recommended to take precautions while doing wildfire potential activities.

Wildfires get worse when unattended. If you notice any fires or burns that need attention, call the authorities. Sometimes the fire can be controlled before getting worse.

Transportation

Transportation holds a neck-to-neck position with industries in the rate of air pollution. As we all know, the number of vehicles on the road is increasing day by day. Just look around, we could see houses with more than three vehicles even if they don’t need all of them. As the number of vehicles increases, the rate of pollution also tends to be increased. Old model vehicles are more likely to produce more pollution than new ones. Because when the vehicles get older and older, the amount of carbon emission increases. The rate of pollution is still on the rise even after the government and authorities made pollution laws strict. 

Every country has its own vehicle emission standards or norms for the safety of the environment and people living in the country. But still, transportation holds the position for the majority of air pollutions happening around the world.

How can we reduce pollution caused by vehicles?

Earlier, it was challenging to find an alternative for fuels like petrol or diesel. Right now, technology has improved – researchers found a better alternative solution for the petrol and diesel engines for automobiles. Yes, they are EV’s. Electric vehicles are completely different from traditional vehicles. They are pollution-free and highly efficient than fuel engines. Electric vehicles can be charged from the house or charging stations in and around the city. EV’s have 5x efficiency more than the regular diesel or petrol-fueled automobiles and 4x lesser reduced pollution.

EV’s are on the rise. By 2025, at least 50% of the new vehicles coming out from the factories will be electric vehicles. It will seriously help to reduce the rate of pollution to some extend. People will switch to EV’s when companies launch better models with luxury and comfort.

It may sound crazy to most of us. But think about walking a little every day and avoid taking cars or bikes for smaller distances. Or, use a bicycle to travel nearby. It will help us to improve both our health and the earth’s health.

What are the health issues due to air pollution?

The quality of the air we breathe is very crucial. Poor quality can cause many health diseases in both adults and kids. Especially to the people living in cities, the chances of getting a disease like heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and acute lower respiratory infections are very high.

Long-term exposure to polluted air in kids can lead to loss of lung capacity, asthma and emphysema. In addition, senior citizens are more likely to get allergies and breathing difficulties since they are less immune to the conditions. As a precaution to all of these, we can wear a mask while going out and traveling. If you are living in a highly polluted area, consider buying an air purifier for your home. An air purifier can help to improve the quality of air by filtering and thereby enabling a healthy environment inside our home for everyone.

How does air pollution affect environmental health?

The toxic gases also affect the environment in the same way. As the amount of harmful gases increases in the earth, the uncertainty of the environment’s health also increases. Changes in climates like temperature hikes, monsoon pattern shifts, and unexpected cyclones are a few examples. In these, ozone layer depletion is being the most complicated one.

We already know what is an ozone layer, and whats does it do? Let’s recall them for a while. The ozone layer is a part of the earth’s atmosphere, and it absorbs almost all of the sun’s harmful ultraviolet light. Guess what will happen when the ozone layer gets holes. All the harmful rays will fall into the animals, plants, and people on earth through the ozone layer holes. Studies say that by 2064 the ozone layer concentration levels may come to zero if the rate of pollution continues invariably. If that happens, the earth will not be a suitable place to live. The fun factor is, we don’t have any space other than earth to live right now. So, we have to protect the planet from being a desert.

Day by day, the rate of pollution is increasing. The hard truth is, nobody is really caring about the future of our planet. Even the government and authorities are keeping their eyes closed on social issues like global warming, air pollution, and soil erosion. If it keeps going like this, the earth will become uninhabitable.

Protecting the earth from pollutions is not deputed on somebody else. Each one of us should take responsibility and behave sensibly to protect the earth from pollution.

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Home / Free PowerPoint Presentation Templates for Business And Google Slides / Free Air Pollution PPT Template and Google Slides

Free Air Pollution PPT Template and Google Slides

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AIR POLLUTION AND METEOROLOGY

Nov 21, 2014

660 likes | 1.08k Views

AIR POLLUTION AND METEOROLOGY. Dr.K . Subramaniam , Senior Lecturer (Environmental Health and Safety ). METEOROLOGY OF AIR POLLUTION. Transport and dispersion Removal mechanisms. Important Aspects of Air Pollution Meteorology. Atmospheric Turbulence

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• boundary layer
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• mixed turbulent boundary layer

Presentation Transcript

AIR POLLUTION AND METEOROLOGY Dr.K. Subramaniam, Senior Lecturer (Environmental Health and Safety )

METEOROLOGY OF AIR POLLUTION • Transport and dispersion • Removal mechanisms

Important Aspects of Air Pollution Meteorology • Atmospheric Turbulence • Scales of Atmospheric/Turbulent Motion • Plume Behavior • Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) • Effects on Dispersion • Applications

Meteorological Parameters that Influence Air Pollution • Turbulence • Wind Speed and Direction • Temperature • Stability • Mixing Height

Atmospheric Turbulence • Responsible for dispersion/transport of pollutants • Refers to the apparently chaotic nature of fluid motions (in this case, atmospheric motions) • Irregular, almost random fluctuations of such parameters as: • velocity • temperature • scalar concentrations (pollutants)

Atmospheric Turbulence Sources • Mechanical Forcing • Buoyant or Thermal Forcing

Atmospheric Turbulence (Sources) • Mechanical Forcing: • Air flowing over irregular surface • Change in horizontal wind speed with height • Factors Influencing Mechanical Forcing: • Speed of local winds • Roughness of terrain over which wind is blowing

Adiabatic Lapse Rate • It is the temperatureprofile of what would happen to a parcel of air that is raised or lowered vertically, and allowed to cool or heat from expansion or contraction with no exchange of energy or heat.

Atmospheric Turbulence (Sources) • Buoyant Forcing (Thermal): • Air rises or sinks based on temperature; heated air becomes less dense & rises on its own; cooled air becomes more dense & sinks • Factors Affecting Buoyant Forcing • “Stability” of the atmosphere • Vertical temperature profile of the atmosphere • Lapse Rate; specifically the Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate which is: 1oC/100m = 10oC/km = 5.4oF/1000 ft

DRY ADIABATIC PROCESS Cooler Air Cooler Air Warmer Air Ground Atmospheric Turbulence (Buoyant Forcing)

Unstable Conditions - Turbulence is produced Cooler Air Warmer Air Cooler Air Displaced warmer air will now rise on its own (Thermals; Thunderstorm updrafts) Ground Atmospheric Turbulence (Buoyant Forcing)

Stable Conditions - Turbulence is suppressed Warmer Air Warmer Air Cooler Air Displaced cooler air will sink back to starting point Ground Atmospheric Turbulence (Buoyant Forcing)

Neutral Atmospheric Conditions Environment Environment Air Parcel Ground Atmospheric Turbulence (Buoyant Forcing)

Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) • Top of the atmospheric boundary layer can be defined as the lowest level in the atmosphere at which the ground surface no longer influences the meteorological parameters through turbulence transfer of mass • During day this corresponds to Mixing height (up to 3 km in height) Processes include: • Roughness of terrain • Obstructed flow • Heat and energy transfer

The effect of boundary layer stability on plume behavior In a well-mixed turbulent boundary layer on a hot day (forced by buoyancy), the turbulent eddies may be large and intense enough to advert the whole plume down to the ground. This can result in extremely high plume concentrations in the vicinity of the source.

The effect of boundary layer stability on plume behavior This is the kind of form assumed for a Gaussian plume, when the boundary layer is well-mixed and turbulent eddies are smaller than the plume scale. The plume forms a cone downstream.

The effect of boundary layer stability on plume behavior In a stable boundary layer, the plume spreads out horizontally at its level of neutral buoyancy. Vertical motion is weak, so there is little upward spread, but the plume forms a `fan' when viewed from above. The plume is not well-mixed in the vertical, which implies relatively slow dilution, but there are not likely to be high plume concentrations at the ground. Unfortunately, this kind of plume may be the precursor to a `fumigation' event if the inversion is subsequently mixed to ground level.

The effect of boundary layer stability on plume behavior At early evening, if a surface inversion is developing, vertical motion may be inhibited below the plume while remaining active above: the plume is diluted but does not reach the ground. This is a favorable situation.

The effect of boundary layer stability on plume behavior There is a strong inversion restricting mixing above, and the plume is mixed throughout the boundary layer. This can occur quite rapidly. For example, after sunrise when the nocturnal inversion is being eroded from below by buoyant eddies, plume-level air of high concentration may be brought down to the surface over a wide area.

Effects of PBL Heighton Stack Pollutant Dispersion PBL below stack top: little or no concentration of pollutants at the surface Horizontal Winds PBL Top PBL

Effects of PBL Height on Stack Pollutant Dispersion PBL Top Buoyant Turbulence PBL PBL well above stack top: decreased concentrations of pollutants at the surface

Effects of PBL Height on Stack Pollutant Dispersion PBL just above stack top: increased concentrations of pollutants at the surface PBL Top Buoyant Turbulence PBL

Temperature Profile in Atmosphere 1. INVERSIONS 2. ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY

Effects of Stability on Stack Pollutant Dispersion Unstable Conditions: leads to greater dispersion of pollutants PBL Top PBL

Effects of Stability on Stack Pollutant Dispersion Stable conditions: lead to less dispersion of pollutants PBL Top PBL

Effects of Stability(Ground Source Pollutant Dispersion) Buoyant Turbulence XXX Unstable Conditions: Lead to lower concentration of pollutants at surface

Effects of Stability(Ground Source Pollutant Dispersion) Stable Conditions: Leads to greater concentration of pollutants at surface XXX

WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION • Mesoscale circulation • Large scale circulation

Mesoscale Circulations Affecting Dispersion Land-Sea Breeze: Daytime (Sea Breeze) Upper Level Return Flow Air Warmed over Land Expands (Becomes Less Dense) Air Cooled over Water Contracts (Becomes More Dense) Sea Breeze (arises due to density differences) Cooler Water Warmer Land Reverses at Night as Water Remains Warmer than Land to Make Land Breeze

Mesoscale Circulations Affecting Dispersion 1. Mountain/Valley Winds Day: Night: Warm Mtn Cool Mtn 2. Urban/Heat Island (Night) PBL Top CITY

Large Scale Circulation • Transboundary air pollution • Acid deposition • Ozone transport

Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology • Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling • Study of Accidental Release of Hazardous Substances Including Radioactive Nuclides • Applications of air quality meteorology can be used for dispersion modeling, i.e., predicting the path of the pollutant concentration and for calculations of ground sources, such as hazardous waste spills. • Let’s first look at dispersion modeling.

Air Pollution Meteorology • Meteorology very important factor in developing strategies for air pollution control • State of the lower troposphere (PBL) plays large role in dispersion of pollutants and plumes: • Mechanical Turbulence • Buoyant Turbulence • Circulation

Wind Speed and Direction • The average ground level wind speed is about 4.5 m/s. • “Calm” wind is less than 0.5m/s • Wind speed almost always increases with height. • ground friction slows lower level winds

A Wind Rose

Wind Speed With Height • Deacon’s power law: u2 / u1 = (z2 / z1)p where: u1 is the wind speed at elevation z1 u2 is the wind speed at elevation z2 and p is an exponent that depends on stability and ground characteristics Note: Wind speed measured by the NWS is usually obtained at z = 10 meters (z1)

Impact of Fixed Geographic Features • TERRAIN EFFECTS • Sea breeze • Valley wind • Drainage wind • Flow patterns due to topographical features

TemperatureGradient • Air temperature is not uniform with altitude at a given location. • Reasons: • heating by the ground • heating by the sun • cloud cover • evaporative cooling over the oceans • expansion of gases due to air movement

Stability and Lapse Rate • The lapse rate determines how readily parcels of air move upward or downward. • In stable atmospheres = vertical movement is opposed by the temperature gradient • In unstable atmospheres = vertical movement is enhanced • In neutral atmospheres = neither

Stability Classes A = very unstable B = moderately unstable C = slightly unstable D = neutral E = slightly stable F = stable

Why is stability important? • Stability affects plume rise. • Plume rise can be calculated using information about the stack gases and meteorology. • Stability can effect the dispersion and appearance of plumes being emitted from stacks.

Inversions • An inversion is a situation of increasing temperature with height. • Pre-dawn mornings have an inversion that reached up to about 1000 ft (100m). • Atmospheres within an inversion are extremely stable, with damped vertical mixing.

Surface Temperature Inversions: • Are very common • Are easy to recognize • Affect the dispersal of very small spray droplets suspended in the air • Do not increase the amount of off-site movement • Can increase the potential for offsite affects & the distance at which affects can be observed

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Triple Planetary Crisis

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According to the Fifth National Climate Assessment, our nation now experiences a billion-dollar weather disaster every three weeks on average. These record-breaking events often disproportionately impact marginalized communities and are increasingly threatening millions of lives, homes, livelihoods, and ecosystems.

33 billion pounds of plastic in our oceans

Pollution of the air, water and soil is detrimentally impacting the human and environmental health and resiliency of the planet. According to the international organization, Oceana, 33 billion pounds of plastic waste makes its way into the oceans every year. Moreover, considered one of the most precious and finite natural resources, water quality and quantity is also bearing the impacts from increasing drought, industry, factory farm and stormwater runoff. And the World Health Organization reports air pollution as the largest cause of disease and premature death in the world, with more than seven million people dying prematurely each year.

Biodiversity loss of the earth’s species and ecosystems is declining faster than at any time in human history. Three fourths of the Earth's land surface and two thirds of its oceans have been significantly impacted by human overconsumption and population growth.

The main culprits of biodiversity loss include changes in land and sea use (e.g., conversions of forests to agricultural use); the direct exploitation of organisms such as over-fishing and the illegal trade of wild animal parts; climate change; and the pollution of fresh water, land and oceans.

7 small steps

Despite the increase in international, national and state action and the critical implications of the environmental and climate crisis, tangible evidence shows that not enough is being done, and with the level of urgency required, to not only address the underlying causes of these challenges, but to also implement sustainable solutions, mitigate the effects, establish resiliency measures and prepare communities for adaptation. Our collective calls for action begin with an understanding that sustainable living is about meeting our needs today without compromising the regenerative needs of nature or the generational needs of the future.

It also requires a fundamental shift in our awareness, values and priorities around a singular and existential truth, as stated by UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres: “From the air we breathe to the water we drink to the soil that grows our food – humanity’s health depends on the health of Mother Earth.”

So how do we implement an ecofriendly lifestyle at home, work and in our community? As small steps have BIG impacts when more of us take action, we can begin or improve the following:

1. Environmental Awareness & Education, by having more conversations with friends, family, co-workers and neighbors about the need to protect the environment;

2. Waste Reduction & Recycling by reducing overconsumption of natural resources and by following the waste management hierarchy of Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Compost (3RC);

3. Energy Efficiency with over-all building solutions and behaviors that include turning off unused electricity, upgrading lighting and appliances, adding insulation, servicing HVAC Systems and transitioning to renewableenergy;

4. Water Conservation & Protection through the use of water-efficient behaviors and appliances, repairing leaks, limiting sprinkler use and safely disposing of toxic chemicals;

5. Green Purchasing by choosing ecofriendly brands, using nontoxic products and services, conserving natural resources, protecting wildlife and by supporting equitable and local businesses;

6. Clean Transportation by driving less, driving efficiently, and driving efficient vehicles; and

7. The Right to Vote by using your voice at the ballot box to stand up for environmental and social justice.

These are just some of the many ways that we can live in harmony with the natural world and take actions now as individuals, families, businesses, schools, churches, neighborhoods, communities, governments and nations.

Our collective call to action is that we all have an essential role to play and our best science tells us, we also have the solutions to create a more unified, sustainable, and resilient world.

Anne Schrader is the founder and owner of Eco Solutions, a sustainability consultancy providing educational presentations & training as well as Home & Business solutions in Cumberland County, North Carolina and surrounding communities. For more information visitwww.EcoSolutionsNC.com

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Air Pollution Meeting

Air pollution meeting presentation, free google slides theme and powerpoint template.

It is clear that air pollution needs to be addressed in our modern society, so organizing a meet up to talk about this environmental issue is certainly a good idea. For such an overwhelming task, having a presentation to follow makes everything much easier. This template here comes complete with decorations of dark smoke, which serve as a stark reminder of the air pollution crisis we are dealing with. Furthermore, it provides various pictures, icons and resources that can be used to create engaging visuals for the meeting!

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