write an essay on the british entry into jharkhand

CAMPA: The Return Of British Raj To Forest

It was first time in the Indian history, when the Indian State had officially accepted the historical injustice committed to the Adivasis and other forest dweller communities, and promised to right the historic wrongs by recognizing their traditional rights over the forest and forest land under the Scheduled Tribe and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act 2006, popularly known as the Forest Rights Act. However, before the Act would be translated into reality, the BJP led NDA Government put the speed breaker on it by enforcing the CAMPA, which is a great setback to the forest rights of the Adivasis and other forest dweller communities. There is huge fund Rs. 42,000 crore remained unspent under CAMPA fund and there would be availability of additional Rs. 600 crore every year under the CAMPA fund. Hence, the Indian Bureaucracy is overwhelmed to enforce the CAMPA, which will provide them a great opportunity for harvesting.

As far as the forest governance is concerned, the forest department has regained the lost hegemonic power through CAMPA, which will further complicate the problems and, of course, the department will unleashed the violence, atrocities and suppression against the Adivasis and other forest dweller communities while enforcing it. The question is whether it is merely an apprehension? There are numbers of past and present circumstances, which suggest that the CAMPA is a return of the British regime to the forest, which will further enhance the resource based conflict and also, regenerate the enmity between the State and the communities.

The state of Jharkhand is one of the crucial examples, which has a long history of resources based conflict between the State and the Adivasi communities, that had begun during the British regime in 1779, when the revenue was imposed on land and forest produces, and the Adivasis’ habitations were also declared as eminent domain and property of the State by enforcement of the draconian laws – the Permanent Settlement Act 1793, Land Acquisition Act 1894, Indian Forest Act 1865 and so on, which facilitated the grabbing of the Adivasis’ lands, territory and resources. After India’s independence, the Laws, policies and programmes remain the same. Instead of white, the black rulers continue the same pace of violence, atrocities and suppression against the Adivasis with a clear intention to grab their remaining natural resources.

The CAMPA has enhanced the State’s power to grab the community forest resources, which is the only source for the survival of the 60 percent Adivasis. Needless to say that the Adivasis economy is completely based on agro-forest and 91.1 percent Adivasis still live in the rural areas and merely 8.9 percent of them have shifted to the cities. This clearly means the community will not survive without the forest, which is not merely the livelihood resources for them but their identity, culture, tradition, ethos and existence rely on it. Unfortunately, once again, they would be pushed out of the forests in the name of regeneration, protection and development of the forest.

Much before the CAMPA was passed by the Indian Parliament, the Jharkhand government had already started the processes for enforcement of the CAMPA. The Chief Secretary, Rajbala Verma, confirms in a meeting of the Forest officials, held in Ranchi on 25 July 2016 that the Jharkhand Government had already sent a CAMPA plan to the Centre Government. In the financial year 2016-17, the Jharkhand government had proposed to build 36,400 forest fencing pillars, with the investment of Rs. 144 crore, which the Centre has already sanctioned. In the CAMPA fund, Jharkhand will have a share of Rs. 399 crore. Consequently, under the guise of regeneration of the forest, the Forest Department has already begun to build the forest boundaries in Simdega, West Singhbhum and other districts of Jharkhand leading to a huge conflict between the Forest Department and the Adivasis. The Adivasis are protesting and destroying the forest boundaries, and in response, the Forest Department has filed cases against them, unleashed violence and suppressed them.

The CAMPA has pushed back the agenda of Forest Rights as the Government is more interested in enforcing the CAPMA instead of Forest Rights Act.  Johnson Topno, the State Manager of PACS, the organization jointly enforcing the forest rights with the Tribal Welfare Department of Jharkhand Government, reveals that there are 14,000 villages in the forest region in Jharkhand alone, where there is possibilities of one million individuals and 12 thousand community claims, which will take another five in converting to entitlements. By the end of April 2016, the Jharkhand government had distributed merely 46,149 entitlements under the Forest Rights Act 2006 including 44,702 individual and 1447 community entitlements.

The CAMPA disregards the Forest Rights Act and PESA Act 1996. Both the Acts empower the Gram Sabha (village council) for management, development and regeneration of the village’s natural resources.  Therefore, there was a demand that the CAMPA fund to be given to the Gram Sabhas for the protection, regeneration and management of forest and forest biodiversity, which was disregarded due to corporate, environmentalist and so-called conservationists’ lobby. The most important question is whether is CAMPA has really intention to protect the forest? In the last two year of NDA regime, 34,620 hectare forest land is already diverted for so-called development projects and 40,478 is in the pipeline. The Indian government acknowledged in Forest Survey 2011 that the forests are remaining only in those regions where Adivasis are residing. What does it mean?

Let’s not forget that the Jharkhand is one of the crucial states, where 22 out of 24 districts are under the control of the left wing extremists and the centre is spending huge amount of money under IAP in the name of containing the Naxalism. Most importantly, when the state was curved out from Bihar in November 2000, there were only eight Naxal infested districts. One of the most important reasons for the shifting of the Naxal Movement from the Dalit hamlets to the Adivasis’ natural resource hub is the violence, atrocities and torture unleashed against the Adivasis by the Forest Department, which clearly means the CAMPA will further provide fertile soil for the growth of Naxalism in the forest regions.

Interestingly, a notional value of India’s forest is Rs.115 trillion but the money collected from diverting parts of this land for industries won’t go to the communities as per the recommendation of the Expert Committee, but they are blamed for deforestation instead. The fact is that the Adivasis are not only consumers of the forests but protectors and conserves too. In fact, the idea of co-existence, which exists in Adivasi philosophy, is the only way for regeneration, protection and development of the forest. The Adivasis have their century old comprehensive methods, rules and policies for preservation, protection and conservation of the forests, which needs to be promoted and encouraged, and incorporated in the CAMPA. Without respecting of rights and entitlement of the Adivasis over the forest and forest land will always generate more and more conflict and complicate the problem instead of resolving it.

More photos of the harassment of Adivasi families in Yellandu division of Khammam district in the state of Telangana, alleging the Adivasis as encroachers of the forest lands.

Gladson Dungdung is a Human Rights Activist, Researcher and Author of several books including Mission Saranda : A War for Natural Resources in India, Whose Country is it anyway?, Crossfire and Adivasi aur Vanadhikar (Adivasis and Forest Rights).

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Essay on Jharkhand – 100, 500, 1000 Words, 10 Lines

Essay on Jharkhand: The essay on Jharkhand provides a comprehensive exploration of the state’s historical significance, cultural diversity, economic landscape, and contemporary challenges. From its tribal heritage to its industrial growth, the article delves into the unique identity of Jharkhand, showcasing its natural beauty, vibrant traditions, and the complex interplay between tradition and modernity.

The essay unfolds the state’s journey, emphasizing its contributions to India’s resource sector and the ongoing efforts to address socio-economic issues. Readers will gain insights into the multifaceted character of Jharkhand , a state at the crossroads of tradition and progress.

Table of Contents

Essay on Jharkhand in 10 Lines in English

The essay on Jharkhand encapsulates the state’s rich tribal heritage, economic significance, and contemporary challenges, highlighting its unique blend of tradition and development in India.

• Jharkhand, in eastern India, is culturally diverse, with a substantial tribal population.
• Abundant in natural resources, the state plays a pivotal role in India’s mineral industry.
• Its landscapes boast lush forests, picturesque hills, and a rich biodiversity.
• Rapid industrialization, especially in mining and steel, has reshaped its economic profile.
• Jharkhand’s festivals showcase the vibrant cultural tapestry of its people.
• Despite progress, challenges like poverty and displacement persist, necessitating sustainable development.
• The state’s traditional art forms and handicrafts reflect the creativity of indigenous communities.
• With a unique identity, Jharkhand balances ancient traditions and modern aspirations.
• It faces the delicate task of preserving heritage while embracing socio-economic progress.
• Navigating contemporary challenges, Jharkhand remains a significant contributor to India’s development.

Jharkhand Short Essay – 100 Words

The short essay on Jharkhand explores its rich tribal culture, economic significance in minerals, and the delicate balance between tradition and modernization in eastern India.

Jharkhand, nestled in eastern India, is a cultural kaleidoscope with a prominent tribal presence. Renowned for its mineral wealth, the state is a key player in India’s mining and steel industry.

Its picturesque landscapes feature lush forests and hills. Rapid industrialization marks its economic evolution. Jharkhand’s festivals vividly display the cultural diversity of its people. However, challenges like poverty persist, demanding sustainable development.

The state’s traditional art and handicrafts mirror the creativity of indigenous communities. Jharkhand, balancing ancient traditions with modern aspirations, grapples with the dual task of preserving heritage while fostering socio-economic progress.

Essay on Jharkhand in English in 500 Words

The 500-word essay on Jharkhand offers a detailed exploration of the state’s cultural diversity, economic significance in the mineral industry, scenic landscapes, and the ongoing challenges and initiatives for sustainable development.

Jharkhand, situated in eastern India, unfolds a narrative that blends cultural richness with economic significance. Home to diverse tribal communities, the state boasts a unique cultural tapestry. The vibrant festivals and traditional art forms showcase the creativity and heritage of its indigenous population.

Jharkhand’s landscapes, adorned with lush forests and picturesque hills, contribute to its natural beauty. However, the state’s true economic prowess lies in its mineral wealth, making it a key player in India’s mining and steel industry. This economic transformation has altered the socio-economic landscape, bringing both opportunities and challenges.

Rapid industrialization has been a defining feature of Jharkhand’s recent history. The state’s mineral-rich soil has attracted significant investment in sectors like mining and steel production, propelling it into the forefront of India’s industrial hubs. While this development has spurred economic growth, it has also brought forth challenges such as environmental concerns, displacement of tribal communities, and the need for sustainable resource management.

Jharkhand’s festivals, deeply rooted in its cultural heritage, offer a glimpse into the diversity of its people. The celebratory spirit of festivals like Sarhul and Karma reflects the harmonious coexistence of tradition and modernity. Traditional art forms, including folk dances and crafts, add to the cultural vibrancy, emphasizing the rich legacy that the state strives to preserve amidst the winds of change.

Despite its economic strides, Jharkhand grapples with persistent challenges. Poverty, particularly in rural areas, remains a concern, demanding targeted developmental efforts. The state is also confronted with issues of social inequality and displacement due to industrial projects. Addressing these challenges requires a delicate balance between economic progress and social welfare, ensuring that the benefits of development reach all sections of society.

Jharkhand’s tribal communities, with their distinct languages and customs, contribute significantly to the state’s identity. Their way of life, deeply intertwined with nature, reflects the symbiotic relationship between the people and their environment. Efforts to preserve and promote indigenous cultures are crucial for maintaining the unique character of Jharkhand and fostering a sense of belonging among its diverse population.

The state’s economic and cultural evolution is complemented by its breathtaking landscapes. Jharkhand’s national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, such as Betla National Park, are havens of biodiversity. Conservation initiatives play a vital role in preserving the rich flora and fauna, contributing to the ecological balance of the region.

In conclusion, Jharkhand stands at the crossroads of tradition and progress, navigating the complexities of modernization while safeguarding its cultural heritage. The state’s journey is a testament to the resilience of its people, who embrace change without losing sight of their roots.

As Jharkhand continues to forge ahead on the path of development, the challenge lies in fostering inclusive growth that benefits every section of society and preserves the essence of this unique and culturally diverse state.

Essay on Jharkhand in 1000 Words

The 1000-word essay on Jharkhand provides an in-depth exploration of the state’s cultural diversity, economic significance, environmental challenges, and efforts towards sustainable development in eastern India.

Jharkhand: A Tapestry of Culture, Economy, and Sustainability

Introduction

Jharkhand, nestled in the eastern part of India, unfolds a captivating narrative that weaves together cultural diversity, economic dynamism, and the imperative of sustainable development. This essay embarks on a comprehensive exploration, delving into the state’s unique identity, its journey from tribal heritage to economic prominence, and the challenges it faces on the path to sustainable progress.

Cultural Kaleidoscope

Jharkhand’s cultural richness is a testament to the diversity of its people, particularly its vibrant tribal communities.

• Tribal Heritage: The state is home to numerous indigenous tribes, each with its own language, customs, and traditions. This section explores the unique cultural heritage of Jharkhand’s tribal communities, emphasizing their integral role in shaping the state’s identity.
• Festivals and Celebrations: Jharkhand’s festivals, like Sarhul and Karma, are steeped in tradition and showcase the celebratory spirit of its people. This subsection delves into the cultural significance of these festivals, offering insights into the rich tapestry of Jharkhand’s celebratory traditions.
• Traditional Arts and Crafts: The state’s traditional art forms, folk dances, and crafts contribute to its cultural vibrancy. This part of the essay explores the creativity and craftsmanship of Jharkhand’s indigenous population, underscoring the importance of preserving these traditional expressions.

Economic Significance

Jharkhand’s economic landscape has undergone significant transformations, primarily driven by its mineral wealth and industrial development.

• Mineral Hub of India: The state is a powerhouse in India’s mining sector, with abundant reserves of minerals like coal, iron ore, and bauxite. This subsection analyzes the economic impact of Jharkhand’s mineral wealth, tracing its journey to become a key player in the country’s resource extraction.
• Industrialization and Steel Production: Rapid industrialization, especially in sectors like steel production, has propelled Jharkhand into the forefront of India’s industrial hubs. This part of the essay explores the economic implications of industrial growth, highlighting the opportunities and challenges it presents.
• Socio-Economic Challenges: Despite economic strides, Jharkhand faces persistent challenges, including poverty, social inequality, and displacement. This subsection examines these challenges, emphasizing the need for inclusive development to address socio-economic disparities.

Scenic Landscapes and Biodiversity

Jharkhand’s natural beauty is characterized by lush forests, picturesque hills, and a rich biodiversity.

• Natural Landscapes: The state’s landscapes, including the dense forests of Betla National Park, contribute to its scenic beauty. This section explores the natural treasures of Jharkhand, emphasizing the importance of conservation and sustainable practices.
• Conservation Initiatives: Conservation efforts play a crucial role in preserving Jharkhand’s biodiversity. This part of the essay examines initiatives aimed at protecting the state’s flora and fauna, contributing to the ecological balance of the region.

Sustainable Development Imperative

As Jharkhand treads the path of progress, sustainability emerges as a critical consideration for its future growth.

• Environmental Challenges: Rapid industrialization poses environmental challenges, including deforestation and pollution. This subsection addresses the environmental concerns associated with economic development and explores strategies for mitigating its impact.
• Sustainable Development Initiatives: Efforts towards sustainable development are gaining prominence in Jharkhand. This part of the essay explores initiatives aimed at balancing economic growth with environmental conservation, ensuring that development is sustainable in the long run.

Future Trajectory

In charting its future trajectory, Jharkhand faces the dual challenge of preserving cultural heritage and fostering socio-economic progress.

• Inclusive Growth: The state’s journey forward hinges on inclusive growth that benefits all sections of society. This subsection explores strategies for ensuring that the benefits of development reach marginalized communities, fostering social equity.
• Cultural Preservation: Preserving and promoting indigenous cultures is integral to Jharkhand’s future. This part of the essay emphasizes the importance of cultural preservation in maintaining the unique identity of the state.

In conclusion, Jharkhand emerges as a state at the crossroads of tradition and progress, navigating the complexities of economic growth while safeguarding its cultural and environmental heritage. The essay underscores the need for a holistic approach that integrates cultural preservation, economic development, and sustainability, ensuring that Jharkhand’s journey forward is one of balanced and inclusive progress.

this essay provides a comprehensive overview of Jharkhand, encapsulating its rich cultural heritage, diverse geography, and socio-economic dynamics. From its tribal roots to its industrial progress, the state emerges as a fascinating blend of tradition and modernity.

Jharkhand’s natural beauty and resource wealth underscore its potential for growth. As we delve into its past and present, it becomes evident that Jharkhand’s journey is a testament to resilience and transformation, shaping a narrative of promise and opportunity for the future.

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Jharkhand Culture and Tradition

Jharkhand is an eastern state of India, which was carved from the southern part of Bihar on 15th November 2000 after a long and protracted demand for a separate State. Jharkhand borders state of Bihar in the north, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh in the west, Odisha in the south and West Bengal in the east.

Jharkhand is the fourteen largest state in terms of population and the 15th largest state in terms of area. Ranchi is the capital and Dumka is the sub-capital of the state while Jamshedpur is the largest and the biggest industrial city of the state. Some of the other major cities and industrial centers are Dhanbad, Bokaro, and Hazaribagh.

Due to its abundant mineral reserves, it is also called as “ Rur of India “, Rur is a mineral state. Jharkhand has more than 40 percent mineral wealth of the country, and mining and mineral extraction are the major industries in the state. Jharkhand is famous for its rich mineral resources like Uranium, Mica, Bauxite, Granite, Gold, Silver, Graphite, Magnetite, Dolomite, Fireclay, Quartz, Feldspar, Coal (32% of India), Iron, Copper (25%of India), etc.

Despite having so much mineral wealth 40 percent of the population of this state is below the poverty line. The majority of the population of the state is in rural areas only 24 percent of people lives in cities. The rural population is dependent on agriculture and rice is the major crop cultivated in the state.

The name “Jharkhand” means “ The Land of Forests ” as the most of land is covered by forest. Jharkhand has underlined the distinctive tribal heritage and culture of the region as the primary reason for alternative administrative and political arrangements.

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Jharkhand has a unique geographical, demographic and historical composition. According to some historians, there was already a distinct geo-political & cultural entity in the area which we know as Jharkhand even before the period of the Magadha Empire.

The description of Jharkhand is also found in the Vedic books, Jharkhand is called Muranad in Vayu Purana and it is known as Mund in Vishnu Purana. The Chota Nagpur region was known as Pundarik during the Mahabharat period. In some Buddhist texts, there is a description of Chinese Buddhist monk Faxian coming to India. Faxian was a Chinese Buddhist monk who traveled by foot from China to India, visiting many sacred Buddhist sites. Jharkhand has also been described by the Chinese traveler Yuwan Chwang , the Iranian traveler Abdul Latif and the Iranian religious teacher, Mullah Bahbahani.

History of Jharkhand state is more than 100 years old, Indian hockey player and captain of the Indian hockey team in Olympic Games, Jai Singh Munda, in 1939 AD, thought of merging some southern districts of present Bihar state into a new state. However, this dream of Jai Singh Munda came true on 2 October 2000 when the bill to give separate statehood status to Jharkhand was passed in the Parliament, and then on 15 November the same year, Jharkhand became the 28th state of India.

Historians believe that this region was also marked as a unit even before the Magadha Empire because the geographical, cultural identity of the region was different. The state of Jharkhand is considered to be a natural place for tribal communities, who have been given the status of Scheduled Tribes in the Indian Constitution.

Among them, Khadia, Santal, Munda, Ho, Oraon, Asura, Birjia, Pahadia, etc. are prominent. The credit of making the forests of Jharkhand clean and cultivable and habitable to humans is given to these tribal.

Before the Muslim rulers and the British rule, the tribal took over the system here. In the Munda practice of these tribal, a head was appointed in the village called Munda and the messenger of the village was called Dakuva. Later during the Mughal Sultanate, this state came to be known as Kukra State.

After the year 1765, this area came under the British Empire. During the subjugation of the British Empire, the tribal of this place were tortured a lot and the influence of the people coming from outside increased. Due to increasing atrocities, day by day many revolts were also carried out by the tribal, some of which are as follows.

Paharia revolt

The Paharia movement was started by the tribals of the state of Jharkhand against the increasing British atrocities on them, which lasted from the year 1772 to 1780.

Manjhi revolt

Tilka Manjhi was a tribal Yodha who raised her voice against the atrocities of the British rule. Tilka Manjhi was born on 11 February 1750, Tilka continued her rebellion against the British power from 1772 to 1784 without any surrender. Manjhi started a rebellion against the atrocities of the British Empire, which was called Manjhi rebellion, this rebellion lasted from 1780 to 1785.

Tamar revolt

This revolt was led by Dukhan Manki and this revolt lasted from 1795 to 1800 AD.

Munda revolt

This rebellion was led by Vishnu Manki and this rebellion also-ran like the Tamar rebellion from 1795 to 1800 AD.

Munda revolt under the stewardship of Dukhan Manaki of Tamar

The Munda tribes have periodically launched movements against the atrocities of the British Empire in the state of Jharkhand, in the same order, there was a rebellion by Dukhan Manki which lasted from 1800 to 1802 AD.

Chero revolt

Like all rebellions, this rebellion was against the British rule, it was started by Bhukan Singh of Palamu.

Bhumij revolt

Bhumij revolt under the leadership of Ganga Narain of Birbhum started in 1832 and continued till 1833.

Santhals revolt

The Santhal tribes, which are mainly found in Jharkhand, West Bengal, Orissa and Assam, revolt against the Governor of Bengal, Lord Cornwallis. This rebellion was called the revolt of the Santhals.

Second Santhals revolt

The second revolt of the Santhals was done under the leadership of Sidhu Kanhu. This revolt started in 1855 and lasted till 1860.

Sepoy Mutiny.

This rebellion was the first armed rebellion against the British Empire led by Shaheed Lal, Vishwanath Sahadeva, Sheikh Beggars, Ganpat Rai, and Budhu Bir. This rebellion started with arson and sabotage but the rebellion took a huge form. And by the end of this rebellion, the rule of the East India Company had ended and the direct rule of the British crown began.

Kherwar Movement

The Kherwar movement was started in 1874 under the leadership of Bhagirath Manjhi. Bhagirath Manjhi was the son of Tilka Manjhi. Tilka Manjhi was hanged for waging a rebellion against the British Empire, after which Bhagirath Manjhi led the Kherwar movement.

Munda Revolt

This rebellion was also part of the Munda rebellion which was carried out by the Munda tribe from the 18th century to the 20th century. This rebellion was led by Birsa Munda , Birsa was born at a place called Ulihatu in Jharkhand. There was a great movement called Ulgulan in Jharkhand under the leadership of Birsa, people of the Munda tribe still worship Birsa as God .

Apart from all these revolts, many more revolts were carried out against the British Empire but they were made useless by the Indian British Army. Mahatma Gandhi was greatly influenced by Tana Bhagat heartening freedom struggle, and after which Mahatma Gandhi started the Civil Disobedience Movement

In the year 1765, this area became subordinate to the British Empire, the East India Company started enslaving the people of Jharkhand region and started oppressing them, as a result of which the people of the region got a sense of rebellion against the British Empire. The revolt against the British broke out in 1857, but the tribal here started a revolt against the British almost 100 years ago.

The tribal made several revolts from the British Empire to protect the land of Jharkhand. Tilka Manjhi first waged a revolt against the British Empire, in 1796, a tribal leader Sant Lal redeemed his land from the landlords and the British Government and Pledged to restore the land of ancestors. The British government sent its troops and crushed the revolt of Tilka Manjhi

In 1797, other tribes also revolted against British rule. After this, the people of the Chero tribe in Palamu started a revolt against the British Empire in 1800 AD. Seven years after this rebellion, in 1807 AD, Orens killed their great master of Srinagar in the west of Gumla in the Barway. This thing soon spread to Gumla and surrounding areas. People of the nearby Munda tribe and people spread in Tamar areas also revolted against the British Raj.

In the Revolt of 1813, Gulab Singh was holding a land transaction but then in 1820 he openly started rebelling against the landlords and the British. It was known as Laka Coal Rings 1820 -1821. Then came the great Cole Rising and this rebellion was done in 1832. This rebellion was a major revolt by the tribes of Jharkhand, this rebellion greatly disturbed the British Empire. In 1855, the Santhal Rebellion started under the leadership of two brothers Santhal and Kannu. These rebels greatly disturbed the British rule, but then later the British government also crushed them.

After all this, the rebellion of Birsa Munda started. In this rebellion, the people of the Munda tribe revolted in Khunti, Tamar, Sarwara and Badgaon belts. Munda Rebellion was the largest and longest-running tribal uprising of Jharkhand.

In the Chota Nagpur division, the British government faced many rebellions, the opponents of the British government adopted the policy of divide and rule wherever they existed. The British government tried its best to suppress and rule the tribals, but the tribals also strongly opposed it and protected their wretches.

After the Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act 1908 to protect their land, the tribals thought of doing social and economic development of the people and in 1920 joined the Satyagraha movement of Mahatma Gandhi and stopped the government from giving the land. The Simon Commission came to Patna in 1928 when the tribals demanded a separate Jharkhand state, but their demand was turned down. After this, Thabal Oron organized the Kisan Sabha in 1931 and then in 1935, the Unnati Samaj and the Kisan Sabha were merged in Chautalagpur to gain political power.

Culture and Tradition of Jharkhand 

Many tribes have inhabited this part of the country because of which the state has emerged as an important multi-ethnic state. Jharkhand has about thirty indigenous communities among which some of the major tribes are the Santhals, Oraons, Mundas, Kharias, Hos, and Cheros.

The state is a blend of various tribal cultures, people are influenced by Buddhism and Jainism, the Mughals and Hindu kings. The culture of the people depends on the community to which they belong, which influences there living style, rituals, dance, music, language, and literature.

Being a tribe dominated state each sub-caste and tribe have its own unique tradition. Nature has been given the utmost importance in every sphere of life and culture. The life of tribal people is reflected in their folk dances, paintings, music, dance, and drama.

The state is situated on Chota Nagpur Plateau with many rivers like Damodar, Brahmani, Kharkai, and the Subarnarekha, flowing gently adding natural beauty and the taste of the elegance of nature. Jharkhand is a place to explore the mild hills, valleys, and riverbeds with endless opportunities for exploration.

Jharkhand is one of the richest regions of India in mineral resources, about 40% of the country’s mineral wealth is found here but the region is still plagued by poverty, social injustice, corruption, and sporadic outbursts of Maoist and Naxalite violence. Although with the influence of modernization things are changing fast, still the tribal people have retained their traditional way of life.

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The communities of Jharkhand have a rich culture and tradition with several colorful festivals. Branches of scared trees are brought and ceremonially planted in the courtyards. Devotees then worship these tree parts associated with gods and goddesses. Karma puja, Jitis puja , Sarhul are a few of these examples.

Poush Mela or Tusu Fair is a significant occasion celebrated during the Makar Sankranti wherein brightly colored and decorated artifacts of folk deity are carried by the people. This is a folk harvesting festival. Tusu is a folk belief, not about any God or Goddess, but about a sweet little girl of the tribal folk. The festival takes place as new crops are harvested.

The official language of Jharkhand is Hindi and is mostly spoken among people while the state converse in a number of other languages like Bengali, Angika, Kurukh, Mundari, Santali, and Ho.

The popular cuisines include local varieties such as Arsa, Dhuska, Chhilka, Koinar Sag, Grenn Sag, Dubki, Udad Dal, Kurthi Dal, Litti-Chokha, Sattu Paratha, Pitha, Khapada, Roti, Arsa, Mitha Pitha, and Kudurum Ki Chatni are famous. The food is not much different from its neighboring states Bihar. They prefer to eat wheat, rice, and vegetable cooked in Sunflower Oil and Mustard Oil.

Dhuska is a dish made from rice. Dhuska is prevalent in tribal houses. Some of the non-vegeterian food are Mudwa Khussi Meat, Duck Meat, Deshi Chicken and Tengara Fee.

Litti is famous dish of Jharkhand served with Baigan bharta and Aloo Bharta. Jharkhand Pitta is made of rice and has its own flavor. Rugdha, Chilka Roti, Mal-Pua, Bamboo-shoots, ThekuaAaloo Chokha, Till Barfi and Khaja are also very popular.

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The women’s clothing in Jharkhand is saree and blouse, you can find high-class Tussar silk sarees here. Tribal women usually wear Parthan and Panchi. While the non-tribal women wear modern costumes or sari with a blouse. Women love to wear gold and silver jewelry  which are mostly beaded ornaments.

Bhagwan is a single piece of cloth worn by men. The Santhal Pargana tribe men wear Santhals and Paharis to give them a unique look. While men also wear kurta -pyjama or dhoti while shirts and trousers are also worn.

People of Jharkhand harbor a love for perfumes and their aromas and you can find people applying a variety of perfumes.

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Music and Dance

Tribal people of Jharkhand (Mundas, Santhals, and Oraon) are born dancers and singers. There are song and dance at every get-together, they have their own musical instruments and the traditional tribal costumes and jewelry worn by the dancers.

Some of the popular tribal dance of Jharkhand are Hunta Dance, Mundari Dance, Barao Dance, Jitia Karam, Jenana Jhumur, Mardani Jhumur, Seraikella Chhau , Ghora Naach, Domkach, Laha Suya, Jhitka and Danga.

The Jharkhand area is famous for a special type of folk painting called the paitkar paintings. This form of painting is one of the earliest forms of tribal paintings in India and thus enhances the culture of Jharkhand.

Jharkhand is a treasure house of arts and crafts and hand-looms. You can find clay elephants, pots painted in brilliant hues and embellished with rural motifs, foot-scrubbers, clay figurines, jugs and masks of variety.

During Navratri Bengali craftsmen flock Jharkhand to make idols of Durga, Kali, Saraswati, and other deities, from bamboo, straw, clay colors, tinsel, pith, and other decorations. The ‘painted mask’ tradition of Jharkhand is truly legendary. In the early days, masks were made of leaves, but today’s highly stylized masks use a variety of materials like wood, pumpkin, gourd, cloth, even paper masks.

Dokra, the ancient metal crafts which have caught the interest and attention of the worldwide artistic community, is practiced by the Malhar and Tentri tribes of Jharkhand.

Go to Jharkhand , and explore the mild hills, valleys, and riverbeds, the mines and minerals are aplenty but so are the beautiful things. You will find amazing people outside the cities, the local brew is called handia, Sal Forests, Project Tiger at Betla, the Kechki river confluence near Betla, then Netarhat, Amjhoria, Horhap. The tourist facility is minimal and you will find very few tourists in the area.

There are numerous mountains, ghats, waterfalls, nature and the wide undisturbed coastline that make it a heaven for anyone with a desire for natural beauty. In Jacinta falls will find quiet bubbling waterfall, very safe, not too much water, some great rock climbing around it, the water is clean enough to drink and if water can taste heavenly.

Baidyanath Dham – One of the 22 Jyotirlingas of Shiva.

Jain pilgrimage center at Parasnath Hill

Betla (Palamau) National Park

Jubilee Park – Unique Park built on the Golden Jubilee of Tata Steel.

Shikharji mountain peak – the highest peak in Jharkhand.

Methon Dam – one of the 10 tallest dams in the country.

Rock Neck – one of the most beautiful gardens in the country

Naulakha Temple – Built at a cost of nine lakhs

Hundru waterfall – the tallest waterfall of Jharkhand at 98 meters high.

Tata Steel Zoological Park – Wild Animal Park

Betla National Park – Tiger Reserve located in the Chota Nagpur Plateau.

Hazari Lake – Velvet meadows located in Hazaribagh

Kanhari Hill – Beautiful view of the entire Hazaribagh from the towering tower

Surajkund – Hazaribagh hot water reservoir

Famous people from Jharkhand state

Mahendra Singh Dhoni – Famous Cricketer (born in Ranchi) Meenakshi Sheshadri – Hindi film actress (born in Sindri) Priyanka Chopra – Famous Hindi film actress (born in Jamshedpur) Tanushree Dutta – Famous Bollywood Actress (born in Jamshedpur)

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Simmi Kamboj

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Exploring the Vibrant Culture and Natural Beauty of Jharkhand

When it comes to discovering the hidden gems of India, one cannot overlook the captivating state of Jharkhand. Nestled in the eastern part of the country, Jharkhand boasts a rich tapestry of culture, breathtaking landscapes, and a history that dates back centuries. In this article, we’ll embark on a journey to explore the beauty, traditions, and attractions that make Jharkhand a unique and mesmerizing destination.

From Tribal Heritage to Statehood

Jharkhand’s history is steeped in tribal heritage and struggles for autonomy. It was carved out of Bihar in the year 2000, becoming India’s 28th state. The land has witnessed the footprints of various tribal communities, each contributing to the diverse cultural mosaic that exists today.

Enchanting Landscapes and Natural Wonders

Jharkhand is adorned with some of the most stunning waterfalls in the country. The majestic Hundru Falls cascades down from a height of about 98 meters, surrounded by lush greenery. Equally captivating is the Jonha Falls , often referred to as the Pearl of Chotanagpur for its elegance and charm.

Lush National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries

Nature enthusiasts will find solace in the state’s abundant national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. The Betla National Park , with its diverse flora and fauna, offers a glimpse into the untamed beauty of the region. The Dalma Wildlife Sanctua ry is another haven for wildlife lovers, providing a habitat for elephants, leopards, and various bird species.

Festivals that Illuminate the Spirit

Jharkhand comes alive with vibrant festivals that reflect the spirit of its people. The Sarhul Festival , celebrated by the tribal communities, pays homage to nature and marks the beginning of the harvest season. The state also celebrates the Karma Festival , an occasion to seek blessings for a bountiful crop.

Traditional Arts and Crafts

The state’s cultural vibrancy extends to its arts and crafts. Paitkar Paintings , known for their intricate designs and vivid colors, are a unique form of tribal art that captivates art enthusiasts. The Khovar Art , which involves painting walls during weddings, showcases the artistic prowess of the locals.

Flavors that Ignite the Palate

No journey is complete without savoring the local cuisine. Jharkhand’s food is a delightful blend of simplicity and taste. Thekua , a sweet snack made from wheat flour, jaggery, and coconut, is a must-try. Dhuska , a crispy rice and lentil pancake, offers a burst of flavors with every bite.

Rich Heritage in Architecture

Jharkhand houses architectural wonders that reflect its historical significance. The Jagannath Temple in Ranchi is a masterpiece of architecture and spirituality, attracting devotees and tourists alike. The Hundru Rock Paintings provide a window into the prehistoric era and offer a glimpse into the evolution of human civilization.

Jharkhand, with its captivating landscapes, cultural richness, and warm hospitality, invites travelers to embark on a journey of discovery. The state’s blend of tradition and modernity, natural wonders, and cultural festivals make it a truly unique destination that should be on every traveler’s radar.

• Is Jharkhand well-connected to major cities? Jharkhand is well-connected by road, rail, and air to major cities across India, making it easily accessible for travelers.
• What is the best time to visit Jharkhand? The ideal time to visit is during the winter months, from October to March, when the weather is pleasant for exploration.
• Are there accommodations available for tourists? Yes, Jharkhand offers a range of accommodations, from budget hotels to luxury resorts, catering to various preferences.
• Are the local festivals open to tourists? Absolutely! Jharkhand’s festivals are a celebration of culture and tradition, and tourists are often welcomed to participate.
• Are English and Hindi widely spoken in Jharkhand? Yes, both English and Hindi are commonly spoken and understood in urban areas, making communication convenient for travelers.

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British Entry into Jharkhand | झारखंड में अंग्रेजों का प्रवेश

British Entry into Jharkhand |  झारखंड का इतिहास  बहुत पुराना और गौरव से भरा रहा है। मैं इस लेख के माध्यम से झारखंड के इतिहास के बारे में जानकारी दे रहा हूँ।आशा है कि यह जानकारी आपके लिए महत्वपूर्ण साबित होगी और आपकी प्रतियोगी परीक्षाओं, झारखंड और जी.के. के बारे में सभी प्रकार की जानकारी के लिए मददगार साबित होगी। इसके लिए आप इस वेबसाइट पर विजिट करें।

British Entry into Jharkhand

• सिंहभूम झारखण्ड में अंग्रेजों का प्रवेश सबसे पहले सिंहभूम की ओर से हुआ।
• इस क्षेत्र में घाल राजाओं का घालभूम सिंह राजाओं का पोराहाट और हो लोगों का कोल्हान राज्य का विशेष महत्व था
• इन राज्यों से नियमित कर वसूलने तथा इन्हें अपनी अधीनता में रखने के लिए जनवरी 1767 फरगुसन को सिंहभूम पर आक्रमण करने के लिए भेजा गया।
• 22 मार्च, 1767 को घाटशिला के महल पर अंग्रेजों ने कब्जा कर लिया।
• 1768 ई. में जगन्नाथ घाल ने अंग्रेजों के विरुद्ध विद्रोह कर दिया, जिसे घाल विद्रोह के नाम से जाना जाता है।
• 1820 ई. में मेजर रफसेज ने कोल्हान क्षेत्र में प्रवेश किया। रोरो नदी के तट पर हो एवं अंग्रेजी सेना में लड़ाई हुई, जिसमें अंग्रेज विजयी हुए।

• 1821 ई. में कर्नल रिचर्ड के नेतृत्व में अंग्रेजी सेना का प्रवेश ‘हो’ क्षेत्र में हुआ। एक माह त बले संघर्ष के पश्चात् हो लोगों ने कम्पनी की अधीनता स्वीकार कर ली।
• 1831-32 के कोल विद्रोह में हो लोगों ने खुल कर भाग लिया। इन्होंने गंगानारायण सिंह चुआड़ विद्रोहियों की हर संभव सहायता की बाध्य होकर अंग्रेजों को इनके विरुद्ध पुनः अभियान छेड़ना पड़ा।
• 1836 ई. में टी.एस. विलकिंसन की सलाह पर एक अंग्रेजी सेना कोल्हान में प्रविष्ट हुई। चार माह के संघर्ष के बाद फरवरी 1837 ई. में हो लोगों ने आत्मसमर्पण कर दिया। सीधे कंपनी को कर देने के लिए तैयार हुए।
• 1837 ई. में कोल्हान क्षेत्र को एक नयी प्रशासकीय इकाई बनाकर एक अंग्रेज अधिकारी अधीन कर दिया गया। इस तरह ईस्ट इंडिया कम्पनी को दीवानी प्राप्त होने के 72 वर्ष के पश्चा ही कोल्हान क्षेत्र पर अंग्रेजों का आधिपत्य स्थापित हो सका।
• पलामू 1771 ई. में कैमक ने पलामू जिले पर अधिकार कर लिया। उस समय चित्रजीत राय थे।पलामू का चरी राजा घेरो राजा चित्रजीत राय और ठकुराई जयनाथ सिंह रामगढ़ भाग गये।
• अप्रैल 1772 में जयनाथ सिंह और टॉमस स्कॉट के बीच युद्ध हुआ। 26 अप्रैल को अंग्रेजी सेना हार गयी। इस युद्ध में सर्जेंट पेलविन मारा गया, जबकि स्कॉट पैर में गोली लगने के कारण घायल हो गया।
• रंका के किले पर जयनाथ सिंह ने अधिकार कर लिया। कैमक जब पुनः एक बड़ी सेना लेक कुंडा पहुंचा तो जयनाथ सिंह सितम्बर 1772 में पलामू छोड़ कर किसी अज्ञात स्थान पर चले गये में इस प्रकार, पलामू पर अंग्रेजी आधिपत्य स्थापित हो गया।
• छोटानागपुर खास : अंग्रेजों के छोटानागपुर खास प्रवेश के समय यहां का राजा नागवंशी दृपनाथ शाही था
• दृपनाथ शाही ने सतबरवा में कैमक से मुलाकात कर अंग्रेजों की अधीनता तथा 12,000 रुप सालाना कर देना स्वीकार किया।
• हजारीबाग : हजारीबाग क्षेत्र में अंग्रेजों को सबसे अधिक प्रतिरोध का सामना रामगढ़ राज्य की ओ से करना पड़ा।
• रामगढ़ का राजा मुकुन्द सिंह शुरू से अंत तक अंग्रेजों का विरोध करता रहा।
• हजारीबाग में अंग्रेजों का प्रवेश कैप्टन कैमक के नेतृत्व में हुआ।
• 1772 ई. में रामगढ़ राज्य पर चढ़ाई की गयी। मुकुन्द सिंह भाग कर पंचेत चला गया। तेज सिंह को रामगढ़ का राजा घोषित किया गया।
• 1773 ई. में रामगढ़, पलामू और छोटानागपुर खास को मिलाकर रामगढ़ जिले का गठन किया गया
• संथाल परगना संथाल परगना प्राचीन अंग राज्य का भाग था ।
• इस क्षेत्र को पहले जंगल तराई के नाम से जाना जाता था।
• 1592 ई. में राजमहल को बंगाल की राजधानी बनाया गया था। 1660 ई. तक वह बंगाल की राज पानी के रूप में विख्यात रहा।
• यहां अंग्रेजों का आगमन बक्सर युद्ध के पूर्व ही हुआ था। 1676 ई. में अंग्रेजों द्वारा यहां एक व्यापारिक एजेंसी स्थापित की गयी।
• राजमहल क्षेत्र पर मराठों का कब्जा 1742 ई. में हुआ।
• 1757 ई. में प्लासी के युद्ध में पराजित होने के पश्चात सिराजुद्दौला राजमहल पहुंचा था।
• 1763 ई. में मीर कासिम के विरुद्ध मेजर एडम्स की विजय के फलस्वरूप राजमहल क्षेत्र कम्पनी का एकाधिकार स्थापित हुआ।

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An Introduction of Jharkhand History

Jharkhand which came into being on 15 November 2000 as the 28th State of The Union is the homeland of the tribal‘s for which they had been dreaming for Centuries. According to legend. Raja Jai Singh Deo of Orissa had declared himself the ruler of Jharkhand in the 13th century. It largely comprises forest tracks of chhotanagpur plateau and Santhal Pargana and has distinct cultural Traditions. In post-Independence era. The Jharkhand Mukti Morcha started a Regular agitation which impelled the government to establish the Jharkhand Area Autonomous Council in 1995 and finally a full-fledged State According to prominent historians like SC Roy. The Mundas were spread all over the north of India in the 3rd Millennium BC. And they were constantly on the move. Their wanderings were sometimes due to natural causes, but often due to invasion by outsiders The Mundas fled to the hilly regions to

Preserve their independence and identity.

At one time, they inhabited what is presently Punjab. Later they came down to Utter Pradesh, then to Bihar and finally they settled in chotanagpur or Jharkhand. The Oraons . Representing the Dravidian tribes, were originally in the Konkan region of what is presently Karnataka. Later they moved towards

Maharastra. Bihar and finally to Chotanagpur a few centuries after the Munda.

The Santhal tribe had lived prosperously for some centuries in the Champ region (now in Chattisgarh). Later they moved towards Bhagalpur. and finally to Saont in Midnapur, from which they derived the name Santhal Adivasis inhabited the Gangetic plains during the pre- Vedic period and were an agrarian society. When the pastoral Aryans invaded the Gangetic plains they succeeded in conquering the fertile area since they had horses which enabled them to be more mobile.

One of the main characteristics of the Adivasis in the course of their history of struggle with alien cultures was the fact that they were always away from the centre of power, they were frequently on the fringes. In the era of small kingdoms developing into empires such as the Magadha empire and the Ashoka Mauria during the 800 BC. And the Guptas and Cholas around 10th and 12th AD,

evidence of the marginal existence of the Adivasis community is to be found. In all the records we find references to Adivasis people as dasyu, danavs, rakshasha and savage, etc.

The Aryan people were more dominant and aggressive. They had a monarchical system of governance based on the vama system and a standing army with fighting skills. Egalitarian Adivasis communities did not have a kingship system, since it was based on hierarchy — a concept alien to the tribal ethos. Instead of Kingship the Adivasis had clan groups among the Kill system the clan system. This later developed into the Khutkati system Nor did they have a standing army, since the self-sufficient Adivasis communities did not have a division of labour based on workers and non-workers.

Marginalisetion of the Adivasis continued during the medieval period. During this period, the Muslims came to India, as early as 711 AD. As a part of, an expedition led by the Arab General Muhammad bin Qasim Shortly thereafter, Sindh, part of lower Punjab, was incorporated into the Arab Umayyad Caliphate In the course of time, the Muslims conquered a number of Hindu kings. However, the Muslim Emperors were not interested in invading the Adivasis areas, except for collecting malgujari – tax. Even during this period. The Adivasis continued their traditional system of socio-cultural and political governance .

The Parha and the Manki Mundua system was the basis of the social union among the Adivasis in Jharkhand. Kingship developed amongst the Adivasis as a result of the necessity to protect their natural and livelihood resources from alien predations and to pay taxes to more powerful emperors. The kings would appoint someone from

amongst their kin to be an agent to collect tax. The revenue thus collected was then used for paying the taxes to the emperor. The Nagbashi Rajas, the Jaria garh Raja, the Ratu Raja, etc., were amongst some of these small kings. They would collect malgujari from the people to pay to the Emperors. This system of kings can be seen in the Oraon areas, in the western region of Jharkhand.

This kingship system was resisted by the Adivasis. The Hos resisted the malgujari. and so too did the Santhals and the Mundas. This resistance

became more prominent during the British rule in India which resulted in the Chotanagpur Tenancy Act, the Santhal Parganas Tenancy Act, and the Wilkinson Rule. These rules and Acts recognised the distinctiveness of the social-cultural and political institutions of the Adivasi people. They also provided the British government with a better way of collecting tax from a people who refused to part with the lands that had been cleared and cultivated for several generations. It is clear that the customary system of self-governance of the Adivasis has existed and evolved in the course of the history as far back as we can trace it Their customary practices have been one of the main strengths of the Adivasis people. This is how they have been able, in the past, to resist outside forces encroaching into their freedom.

The economic effects of forcible incorporation of Adivasis into a stratified market economy have been well recorded. However, as well as the economic exploitation and land alienation, the incorporation and subordination of the Adivasi society in to the market economy, has led to the destruction of the community as a whole. This disempowerment was done through a very conscious destruction of the Adivasi institutions of governance.

In the case of Jharkhand, with the establishment of British rule we find a conscious effort to destroy the traditional Adivasis institution of self- governance, self-regulation, such as Munda Manki system and the Parha system. These representative institutions were supplanted by a new set of institutions to enable the British not only to appropriate the economic and labour resources of the Adivasis communities in the form of land revenue and indentured labour, but also to make these new institutions independent of the control of the Adivasis community.

It is no accident that unlike the Munda Manki system. which was communitarian and not necessarily hereditary, the new system was always based in an individual authority and in several cases hereditary. These offices of revenue extraction were vested with authorities of a feudatory chief or raja.

A part from the system of revenue and labour extractions a new and bureaucratic civil and criminal administration was also set up.

In the case of disputes, such as inter-clan clashes, murders or debts.the emphasis of the community panchayat was on justice, ratherer then judgment or punishment. All this changed with the advent of the modern bureaucracy that was based on individualism and impersonality. The Adivasis notion of justice was replaced by the modern binary of crime and punishment. The inability of the Adivasi people to grasp this subtle but deadly shift often led to tragic consequences. In the initial year of the establishment of police stations there are several recorded instances of the Adivasi warrior‘s reporting to the police station with the body of their victims.

What has been patronizingly recorded by the police officials as the “innocence and simplicity of the savage tribal‘s” was in fact the result of the failure of the Adivasi communities to understand the full import of the modem judicial principle crime and punishment. Rather than endeavoring to resolve the cause of acrimony between the Adivasi individuals or groups so that harmony could once again be restored, as was the traditional custom of the Adivasi panchayat the modern institutions resorted to punitive action, since for them an individual was solely responsible for its acts of omission and commission.

The Adivasi mechanism of grievance redress was therefore trespassed and violated. Furthermore, in its dealings with modern bureaucracy, judiciary and police the Adivasi notion of self-respect was violated. The elitist attitude of the colonial and Indian mindset was largely responsible for this. It either treated the Adivasi as a barbarian or as a simple or genial savage who was incapable of taking care of himself.

Apart from the attitude of the officials, the mystifying processes and functions of these new institutions made it impossible for the Adivasis to engage with these institutions on an equal footing. Official work during the colonial period was done entirely in English and in the post independence era in Hindi. Given the preponderance of these non Adivasis languages, the Adivasis were either compelled to learn the language of their conquerors and the attached cultural baggage or  depend on the non-Adivasis in their efforts to seek justice from the modern institutions.

Either way, the Adivasis lost their autonomy, self sufficiency and self respect. It is not an accident therefore that in every Adivasi institution; of police, judiciary and bureaucracy were made targets of attack. It is noting here the curious case of the shooting of an arrow by Birsa Munda on a seminary in Sarvada to mark the beginning of his protest. This act has been interpreted by certain communal minded people as an attack on the religious beliefs of the inmates of the seminary however, if the intention of Birsa was to destroy the seminary rather than shooting a single arrow from a great distance he would have organised a full fledged raid on the institution.

However, what a western anglophile failed to recognise is that the problem of Adivasis is not only the inability to successfully represent their case in the modern institutions, but the very act of incorporation of the Adivasi society within the modern institutions. The arrow shot on the pastor by Birsa was not aimed at his religious belief, but was intended to draw a line of demarcation between the Adivasis desire to retain their traditional autonomy and the desire of an anglophile to facilitate an easy and civilized way of coopting the tribal community into the modern system.

Oral tradition as a basis of customary practices The Adivasi customary practices evolve from the praxis of oral traditional. In other words, the culture defines the customary practices. It is reflected in what people give value to and what they value. The event is important rather than the time in which it took place. It is not important that it is published but that it is remembered and recounted through the generations. The past is not a catalogue of facts but an encoding of events as the marker of Adivasi valor, justice, dignity, etc. Oral traditions are expressions of communality and community unlike the written script which becomes individual and personal.

The manner in which the Adivasi oral traditions were weakened was through the imposition of the written script by the ruling class. So today any and everything has to be written down in order to have validity. Whatever is unwritten and oral has been put in the category of myths and superstition. Once the commonality of the material resources gets privatised there will be an adverse impact on social relationships among the members of the society and a very negative influence on the cultural values and attitudes of the people. This is precisely what the British did by introducing the individual patta system.

This is exactly what happened to the Adivasi in India and in Jharkhand. As a result communalism is replaced by individualism. Common property becomes private property. Co-operation becomes competition. Consensus in decision making becomes majority decision. Equality among the members of the community becomes inequality. When India became independent the local ruling class, which was largely non Adivasi and which hailed from north Bihar, and whose language was Hindi, systematically imposed Hindi on the Adivasi people of Jharkhand.

Thus Hindi was made a necessary language both at the level of administration as well as in the formal education system. As a consequence, the children who started to go primary school had to learn Hindi. The Adivasi school-going children did not fare well in Hindi because: they did not speak it home, where as non-adivasi children, whose mother tongue was Hindi, much better at school .

Hindi was also propagated to lessen the importance given to English. In this effort however the independence government largely failed because English continued to hold its sway in college and university education. The net consequence of this language policy was that Adivasi languages suffered from a double assault from government patronized Hindi and elite patronized English. National development leading to underdevelopment of the Indigenous people India has one of the largest indigenous populations in the world Adivasis in India form nearly 8 percent of India’s total population In the slate of Jharkhand. as SC Bhatt in the District Gazetteer of Jharkhand puts it. “during fifty years since independence, the Jharkhand land and the Jharkhandi people have been in a process of being reduced to shameles in several respects. The region consists of 79.714 sq kms of land with 2.69.09.428 population of whom 30 percent are indigenous Adivasis. Where as they were 60 percent at the sun of the last century.

Due to displacement process the indigenous people of Jharkhand are perhaps the worst hit. otherwise this region is the richest region in the whole country in terms of natural resources, viz timber and several  kinds of minerals drawn from far flung areas.” The planners of India’s 5 year plans adopted a policy of “positive discrimination” towards Adivasis by providing them with certain extra facilities.

In the beginning of the 1990s. the Adivasi members of Parliament brought the attention of the government both inside and outside parliament to the continued deprivation of their people. In 1992 the central government appointed a special commission under the leadership of Shri Delip Singh Bhuriua to make specific recommendations towards self-rule and self-development the Adivasi people.

The Aryan people were more dominant and aggressive. They had a monarchical system of governance based on the vama system and a standing army with fighting skills. Egalitarian Adivasi communities did not have a kingship system, since it was based on hierarchy — a concept alien to the tribal ethos. Instead of Kingship the Adivasis had clan groups among the Kily system — the clan system. This later developed into the Khutkati system. Nor did they have a standing army, since the self-sufficient Adivasis communities did not have a division of labour based on workers and non-workers.

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Language Diversity and Their Preservation in Jharkhand

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This chapter emphasizes the language diversity of Jharkhand and its importance for digital preservation. The chapter highlights the multilingual characteristics of the region enlisting several languages of Jharkhand spoken across the states among tribal and non-tribal groups. It highlights the importance of language preservation, its historical and cultural importance and reports the current status of undergoing projects for awareness and preservation of the endangered languages.

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Shrotriya, S., Pattnaik, S. (2021). Language Diversity and Their Preservation in Jharkhand. In: Nath, V., Mandal, J. (eds) Nanoelectronics, Circuits and Communication Systems. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 692. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7486-3_59

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Paragraph on Jharkhand

Students are often asked to write a paragraph on Jharkhand in their schools. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 200-word, and 250-word paragraphs on the topic.

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Paragraph on Jharkhand in 100 Words

Jharkhand is a state in India. It is known for its rich natural resources like minerals and forests. Many people live here. Two big cities in Jharkhand are Ranchi, which is also the capital, and Jamshedpur. People speak many languages like Hindi, Santhali, and Mundari. Jharkhand is famous for its beautiful waterfalls, hills, and wildlife. It is home to different animals like elephants and tigers. The state also has many coal mines. People celebrate festivals like Sarhul and Karma with dance and songs. Jharkhand is a lovely place with a mix of nature and people’s culture.

Paragraph on Jharkhand in 200 Words

Jharkhand is a beautiful state in India filled with green forests and big mountains. It is known for its rich minerals like coal, iron, and copper. Jharkhand became a state on November 15, 2000. It was once a part of Bihar, but now it stands on its own. The people of Jharkhand are very friendly and they speak several languages. Hindi is the most common language, but many also speak Santali, Bengali, and other regional languages. Jharkhand has many exciting places to visit. One of them is the Betla National Park, where you can see lots of different animals and plants. Another is the Dassam Falls, a waterfall that looks like a white ribbon from far away. Jharkhand is also famous for its tribal culture. The tribes have their own dances, music, and festivals that are fun to watch. The food in Jharkhand is very tasty too. People love dishes like Thekua, Pittha, and Dhuska. Jharkhand also has many schools and colleges where kids and young adults can learn many things. It is a state that is growing fast and making progress in many areas.

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Paragraph on Jharkhand in 250 Words

Jharkhand, a state in eastern India, is rich in natural resources like minerals and forests, which makes it special. Formed in the year 2000, it was carved out of the southern part of Bihar. Ranchi is its capital and the largest city, known for its picturesque beauty. The state’s name, Jharkhand, means ‘land of forests’, as the region is blessed with lush green forests, breathtaking waterfalls, and beautiful wildlife. It is home to several tribal communities, like the Santhals, Mundas, and Oraons, each with its unique culture and traditions. These tribes are known for their distinct dance forms and art, a sight to behold during festivals. The state’s economy primarily depends on its mineral wealth and industries such as steel, mining, and manufacturing. Jharkhand is also known for being the birthplace of many famous personalities like MS Dhoni, an internationally renowned cricketer. The state has a mix of flat land and hilly regions, offering diverse landscapes. It also has several national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, like the Betla National Park and Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary, which provide vital habitats for many animals. Jharkhand’s cuisine is simple yet delicious, with dishes like Thekua and Litti Chokha being popular. Despite the challenges it faces, like poverty and underdevelopment, Jharkhand is working hard to improve its condition and is a state with immense potential.

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Essay on Jharkhand For Kids & Students

Located just above Odisha, Jharkhand is one of the leading states in India. It is safe to say that Jharkhand is a recent state which was cut out from Odisha 17 years ago in November of 2000. This makes Jharkhand 28th state of India followed by Telangana which is the 29th and the last state of India as of now. It shares its borders with Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, and Maharashtra. The most interesting fact about this 79,700-kilometer long state is that 75% of this state’s population is tribal or adivasis.

The Chota Nagpur plateau which makes up most of Jharkhand is a very important resource of Jharkhand. The plateau is not only rich in resources like elements and metals but also three mighty rivers, namely- Damodar, Koel, and Subarnarekha.

A look into Jharkhand’s resource richness

• The region is rich in Iron, Coal, Uranium, Graphite, and Manganate.
• Jharkhand makes up 40% of the total mineral wealth of the country.
• Surprisingly, this tribal state of India has 35.5% of countries coal reserves, 90% of copper deposits and 22% of iron ore.
• It is very surprising to know that besides having most of the tribal population, Jharkhand is a most industrialized state in India.
• Jamshedpur, Ranchi, and Bokaro are the top three industrial heads of India.
• Many speculate that India will be the leading economic powerhouse of India within next couple of decades looking at the advances being made.

The must visit places in Jharkhand

Dassam Waterfall

Get ready to witness the most surreal sight of a waterfall situated between the mountains. Many call it a miniature of the great Niagara Falls; this sure is a sight in itself. It is situated in the Tarub district of Jharkhand.

The Betla National Park

Situated in the Chota Nagpur Plateau, the Betla National Park is home to unseen flora and fauna. It boasts a wide range of wild animals and gives you a mesmerizing sight of a nature walk.

It is a famous mountaintop situated in the Parasnath mountain ranges which are at the farthest end of Chota Nagpur Plateau. Its breathtaking view and pleasant weather will give you a gist of nature and its beauty.

The Ganga Riverfront

The Ganges River is most Holy River in India which is widely worshipped by one and all in India. The riverfront in Jharkhand is turned into a holy spot which enables the pilgrims to worship the holy river. It is beautifully decorated and built into a riverfront.

Santosh Kumar

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