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DISSERTATION THE ROLE OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT IN ENFORCING HUMAN RIGHTS LAW

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ABSTRACT This research work analyzes whether the International Criminal Court (ICC) has lawfully issued and circulated an arrest warrant against the sitting Head of State of Sudan, Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir, and whether its request to the States parties to the Rome Statute (particularly Malawi) to arrest and surrender him is in conformity with the provisions of the Statute. In this work, the argument is made that the rules of customary international law on personal immunities of sitting Heads of State do not apply in the case of the exercise of criminal jurisdiction by an international criminal court; therefore they do not bar the exercise of the jurisdiction of the ICC with respect to an incumbent Head of State, even if this individual comes from a state not party to the Rome Statute like Sudan, especially when the case is referred to it by the UN Security Council under chapter VII of the UN Charter. However, one thing is to assert that the ICC can ‘lawfully’ issue and circulate an arrest warrant against individuals entitled to personal immunity before national courts, and quite another to say that States can ‘lawfully’ disregard the personal immunity of these same individuals, and surrender them to the requesting international court. This research work conclude that while the ICC arrest warrant is a lawful coercive act against a sitting Head of State, the ICC request to States parties to surrender President Al Bashir is contrary to Article 98(1) of the Rome Statute. Therefore, States parties are not obliged to comply with this request, as far as the Republic of Sudan will not waive personal immunity entitled to Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir.

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  • The International Criminal Court and the Darfur Crisis: The Prospects of Prosecuting the Sudanese President / Gariballa A. Mohamed Call Number: Available online Publication Date: 2013 Format: E-thesis
  • "When elephants fight, it is the grass that is crushed" A Critical Evaluation of the Treatment of Rape Victim-Witnesses by the International Criminal Court / Kara Morris Call Number: Available online Publication Date: 2013 Format: E-thesis
  • The Politics of Torture, Human Rights, and Oversight The Canadian Experience with the UN's Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture (OPCAT) / Erin Holmes Call Number: Available online Publication Date: 2013 Format: E-thesis
  • Unaccountable Soldiers Private Military Companies and the Law of Armed Conflict / Peter McRae Call Number: Available online Publication Date: 2012 Format: E-thesis
  • Deconstructing Newspaper Representations of the International Criminal Court / Amanda L. Kramer Call Number: Available online Publication Date: 2012 Format: E-thesis
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International Criminal Law: Home

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Purpose of this guide

This guide is intended for students and researchers studying international criminal law at the University of Oxford, although students and researchers from any field may find it useful.

Use this guide to find out about sources and commentary for international criminal law, including ebooks, ejournals, and databases.

International Criminal Law: quick start

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The Max Planck Encyclopedias of International Law combines the fully updated online edition of the Encyclopedia of Public International Law (MPEPIL) (originally published in print between 1991 and 2001) with the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Procedural Law (MPEiPro) which has been published (online only) since September 2019. The peer-reviewed articles in both works are updated and added to monthly.

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  • Journal of international criminal justice
  • SHERLOC The SHERLOC portal is an initiative to facilitate the dissemination of information regarding the implementation of the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, the three Protocols thereto and the international legal framework against terrorism.
  • Lexsitus Free resource. "The International Nuremberg Principles Academy is pleased to partner with the Centre for International Law Research and Policy (CILRAP) and present Lexsitus, a new online service ... The main objective of Lexsitus is to support the learning of, and work with, legal sources in international criminal law." more... less... "[Lexsitus offers] integrated access to the following resources, at the level of every article and main provision of the Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC): more than 230 lectures by 50 Lexsitus Lectures from all regions ... ; a commentary made up of 915 separate comments; international case law; the preparatory works of the ICC Statute; and two digests that offer excerpts from judgments on more than 860 separate pages for individual elements of crime. Transcripts are available as a separate PDF-file for every lecture. Lexsitus offers the possibilities to establish a personal user account, build an individual library, search and download, and to copy-and-paste quotations for individual drafting purposes. The landing page has links to a user-friendly audio-visual tutorial, as well as introductions ..."
  • Professor K J Heller, SOAS/ University of Melbourne: What is an International Crime? Free resource Podcast of lecture given at Oxford 30 Jan 2014 [0:33:16]
  • United Nations International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals Official UN website "By establishing the Mechanism, the Council has helped to guarantee that the closure of the two pioneering ad hoc tribunals [ International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY)] does not open the way for impunity to reign once more.
  • Amnesty International's Universal Jurisdiction: A Preliminary Survey of Legislation Around the World: Free resource. (2011).130 page pdf. "Universal jurisdiction, an essential tool of international justice, is the ability of the court of any state to try persons for crimes committed outside its territory that are not linked to the state by the nationality of the suspect or the victims or by harm to the state’s own national interests ... this preliminary survey by Amnesty International .. is designed to assist the Sixth [Legal] Committee of the UN General Assembly in its discussions.
  • Amnesty International's guide to terms in international criminal law Free pdf to download
  • ICD: International Crimes Database Free resource. "The International Crimes Database (ICD) website, hosted and maintained by the T.M.C. Asser Instituut in The Hague and supported by the Dutch Ministry of Security and Justice and the International Centre for Counter-Terrorism – The Hague, offers a comprehensive database on international crimes adjudicated by national, as well as international and internationalized courts." Under Commentary, has Video recordings of past Supranational Criminal Law Lectures & written Briefs.
  • Hybrid Justice Project The Hybrid Justice project analyses the impact of ‘hybrid’ domestic-international criminal justice mechanisms in post-conflict and transitioning states. These courts and tribunals feature varying combinations of domestic and international staff, operative law, structure, financing and rules of procedure. more... less... Principal investigators: Kirsten Ainley, London School of Economics and Political Science Mark Kersten, Wayamo Foundation and University of Toronto Funded by the Rockefeller Foundation and the LSE Institute of Global Affairs.
  • Bodleian Law Library (the Law Bod or BLL) The Bodleian Law Library (the Law Bod or BLL) is Oxford University's research library for law, human rights, criminology and socio-legal studies. It supports the staff and students of the Faculty of Law and the wider legal community. Please visit the official website - via this link - for opening hours, floor plans, services etc more... less... Oxford Alumni are very welcome - but please be sure to have a current Bodleian Reader Card with you before arriving. (Details of the steps required for Oxford graduates are on the official Bodleian website.) The Bodleian Law Library is proud to be a research library for the wider legal community, once they have been issued with a Bodleian Reader Card from Central Admissions. (Details of the procedure are available on the Bodleian's official website.) NOTE. The terms of several of the major legal databases mean they are restricted to current members of the student cohort and teaching faculty.

Looking for a Reading List title?

When you search SOLO for books on your Oxford Law Faculty Reading List you may find that the location is shown as  Law Library Reserve Collection &  have shelf marks beginning  KC.  Books in the Law Reserve collection must be asked for at the Enquiry Desk on  Level 2 . Please remember to bring your Oxford University Card or your Bodleian Reader's Card when you come to the Desk. Note.   The books in the Reserve Collection are available to all categories of readers, not just those on the particular course.

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In the Bodleian Law Library, the majority of the current collection for this topic is on open shelf on Level 3.  

This is one floor above the entrance level to the library. It is accessible by both stairs and a lift.

On Level 3 you will find,

International law reports - shelved at  Internat  100s Internatonal Law Journals volumes 2000 to date - shelved at  Internat 300.  (If you require a  volume from 1999 or earlier, you can find these on the Ground Floor of the Law Library) Monographs, grouped in broad classifications as follows: Internat 500   general works on public international law - many of which may have relevant chapters on international criminal law Internat 580   International criminal law Internat 570  Human Rights Law Internat 750  War and armed conflict

If your research interests extend beyond the strictly legal, SOLO may point you to useful materials in other parts of the Bodleian such as:

  • Bodleian Social Science Library (SSL) The Bodleian Social Science Library (SSL) supports teaching and research subjects which can be of interdisciplinary interest to lawyers - criminology, socio-legal studies, sociology, politics, international relations, economics, geography (including environmental studies) and refugee studies. Please visit the SSL's official website - via this link - for opening hours, services etc
  • Bodleian History Faculty Library (HFL) in Radcliffe Camera: The iconic landmark the Radcliffe Camera (the Rad Cam) is home to the History Faculty Library (HFL). Please visit the official website - via this link - for opening hours, services etc

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  • War, weapons & victims : legal responses by Elizabeth Wells Last Updated Feb 15, 2024 89 views this year
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  • Bodleian Law Library The Bodleian Law Library (the Law Bod or BLL) is Oxford University's research library for law, human rights, criminology and socio-legal studies. It supports the staff and students of the Faculty of Law and the wider legal community. Please visit the official website - via this link - for opening hours, floor plans, services etc more... less... Oxford Alumni are very welcome - but please be sure to have a current Bodleian Reader Card with you before arriving. (Details of the steps required for Oxford graduates are on the official Bodleian website.) The Bodleian Law Library is proud to be a research library for the wider legal community, once they have been issued with a Bodleian Reader Card from Central Admissions. (Details of the procedure are available on the Bodleian's official website.) NOTE. The terms of several of the major legal databases mean they are restricted to current members of the student cohort and teaching faculty.
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  • Last Updated: Feb 15, 2024 9:09 PM
  • URL: https://libguides.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/law-int_crim

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Master of Laws

Llm international criminal law.

A Master of Laws (LLM) in International Criminal Law is a postgraduate degree designed for law and non-law graduates to enhance your academic legal knowledge. This internationally recognised Master’s course will give you the skills to progress within international criminal law and can open up pathways to a careers as a Criminal Lawyer, Intelligence Analyst, Border Force Officer and more.

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Entry requirements

Minimum second-class honours degree

Course requirements ➔

Next start date

February 2024, study online.

If you’re looking for a more flexible approach to your studies, why not consider our online study option?

The law in context

Gain essential in-depth knowledge and insight in your chosen area of law and understand the importance of legal rules as they are applied in the real world.

Our Employment Stats

  • 95% of postgraduate students in employment were in highly skilled employment 15 months after graduating (2020/21 Graduate Outcomes data). Contains HESA Data: Copyright Jisc 2022.

Taught by subject experts

Taught by a combination of former and current practitioners, as well as research and teaching academics who are focused on legal practice, not just theory.

Course Details

The LLM International Criminal Law is an innovative, flexible programme that will provide you with an in-depth knowledge of international criminal law in practice. You will explore issues such as crimes against humanity, aggression and grounds for excluding liability, the international criminal court and the relationship between international criminal law and international human rights. As well as looking into specific areas of crime, you will also critically analyse key trials such as the Nuremburg Trials and the impact on the creation of the criminal offences of genocide and war crimes. Alongside this, other key focuses will include the Tribunals in Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia and the responsibility to protect and prosecute.

When you study the LLM International Criminal Law with us you will:

  • Research and critically evaluate the key theories, concepts and principles of healthcare regulations as applied in the UK.
  • Analyse the effectiveness of International criminal institutions in practice and offer suggestions for reform.
  • Gain an understanding of how prosecution of international crimes furthers international human rights.
  • Be taught by subject matter experts , former and current practitioners and research and teaching focused academics.
  • Benefit from strategic partnerships with firms, regulators and accreditation bodies, which inform our programme development.
  • Improve your employability by gaining important transferable skills and mapping your career with our careers team.
  • Strengthen your network - connect with other students, faculty and industry professionals on an international scale, and seek out opportunities for future placements and job opportunities.
  • Increase your earning potential - the 2022 Graduate Labour Market Statistics found that postgraduates on average earn £6,500 more than their graduate counterparts.
  • Enjoy flexibility - We understand that everyone’s circumstances are different. That’s why we offer a wide range of study modes (full-time, part-time, on campus, online) across our courses to provide you with the greatest choice and flexibility you need to succeed in your studies. 
  • Get ahead of the competition - gain in-depth knowledge of your topic of interest and become a subject expert, which will provide you with a competitive edge in the job market.
  • Prepare for the future of Legal Technology – study modules in legal technology and gain insight into this emerging area of law.

Please note that, due to Home Office regulations, students who require a Student Route visa to study with us are not permitted to study online and can only choose face-to-face taught modules.

Course Structure

Terms 1 & 2 (full-time) or 1-4 (part-time).

In addition to a general induction to the programme, there is a two-week induction covering the Key Principles of the English Legal System. This is compulsory for non-law students, but also open to students wanting a refresher in the fundamentals of the law of England and Wales. This would be useful for any student who has taken a considerable break from legal education.

Compulsory modules include:

  • International Criminal Law
  • Research Methods Training to help you prepare for your dissertation

You may then choose three* from the list of elective modules which includes modules such as:

  • Public International Law
  • International Human Rights
  • International Arbitration

View the elective module guide

*All elective modules are subject to availability.

Term 3 (full-time) or 5 & 6 (part-time)

Dissertation in International Criminal Law.

Course Start Dates

  • Full-time: Birmingham, London Bloomsbury and Manchester
  • Part-time: Birmingham, London Bloomsbury and Manchester

September 2024

February 2025.

Study LLM International Criminal Law Online starting February 2024, September 2024 or February 2025

Make an Enquiry

Course requirements.

The course demands show you the requirements, prior knowledge and commitments our course will involve.

Find out more ➔

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Study Online

If you’re looking for the perfect combination of a flexible study programme to fit around your other commitments together with the benefit of our expertise, experience and employability focus, why not consider our online study option?

LLM International Criminal Law Online ➔

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open days Upcoming Dates

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Course Information

  • Course dates

With so many options for studying this course, you can be sure to find a start date and study option to suit your needs.

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Modules are assessed by a three hour unseen written examination or 4,500 word coursework assignment.

All assessments are conducted online.

The dissertation module will be assessed by submission of a thesis (15,000 words), and provides an opportunity for sustained, in-depth and intensive investigation into, and reflection upon, a specialist area of International Criminal Law.

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The course has an innovatively flexible structure, with specific assessments that are conducive to effective learning.

The approach to learning and teaching on the Master of Laws programmes is predominantly learner-centred. Each taught module is divided into a number of Units which are presented using the Prepare, Engage, Consolidate approach.

Prepare : this represents all the work the student needs to complete before attending the relevant workshop. Traditional lecture content will be presented in short bite-sized segments of approximately 10 minutes to better engage the modern student. Guided independent research and reading will be expected as part of a student’s preparation.

Engage: this represents the interactive element of the Unit. This could be a face to face workshop, a synchronous online workshop or an asynchronous online activity.

Consolidate: this represents the final part of the Unit and can be used by students to check their understanding of the Unit immediately after their Engage activity or as part of their revision for the module or both.

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We care about your career, which is why we offer support with job applications and other work experience opportunities as soon as you accept your place.

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You can apply for this course directly with the University.

This course cannot be chosen to study alongside our Legal Practice Course (LPC). For more information on the choice of Master's to study alongside our LPC, please visit the LPC page.

Please note: Our Master of Laws (LLM) programmes are not a direct route to qualification as a Barrister or Solicitor in the UK.

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2023/24 Course Fee (for courses starting on or after 1 July 2023)

Domestic students London: £12,550 Outside of London: £11,350

Non-domestic students London: £17,500 Outside of London: £15,100

2024/25 Course Fee (for courses starting on or after 1 July 2024)

Domestic students London: £13,450 Outside of London: £11,900

Non-domestic students London: £18,500 Outside of London: £17,000

By studying a Master's degree you could be eligible for a Postgraduate Loan .

We also have a range of scholarships and bursaries available which make studying with us more affordable than ever.

If you’re a ULaw alumnus, you may be eligible to receive our £1000 Academic Master's Alumni Discount .

We have students from over 120 different countries throughout our campuses, with a dedicated team to help international students.

If you are an international student and are coming to the UK to study, then you must apply to the Home Office for a visa. In most cases you will need to obtain a Student Route visa . In order to apply for this visa you must be sponsored by an education provider which is licensed by the UK Home Office.

The Home Office has also introduced a Graduate Work visa which allows Graduates to work flexibly, switch jobs and develop their career in the UK for 2 years post completion of a UK degree. The Graduate route is an unsponsored visa, meaning students will not need a job offer to apply for this visa.

Please note that the University does not currently provide visa sponsorship to students for part-time study. We also cannot sponsor students for online courses due to Home Office regulations.

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HLS Dissertations, Theses, and JD Papers

S.j.d. dissertations, ll.m. papers, ll.m. theses, j.d. papers, submitting your paper to an online collection, other sources for student papers beyond harvard, getting help, introduction.

This is a guide to finding Harvard Law School (“HLS”) student-authored works held by the Library and in online collections. This guide covers HLS S.J.D Dissertations, LL.M. papers, J.D. third-year papers, seminar papers, and prize papers.

There have been changes in the HLS degree requirements for written work. The library’s collection practices and catalog descriptions for these works has varied. Please note that there are gaps in the library’s collection and for J.D. papers, few of these works are being collected any longer.

If we have an S.J.D. dissertation or LL.M. thesis, we have two copies. One is kept in the general collection and one in the Red Set, an archival collection of works authored by HLS affiliates. If we have a J.D. paper, we have only one copy, kept in the Red Set. Red Set copies are last resort copies available only by advance appointment in Historical and Special Collections .

Some papers have not been processed by library staff. If HOLLIS indicates a paper is “ordered-received” please use this form to have library processing completed.

The HLS Doctor of Juridical Science (“S.J.D.”) program began in 1910.  The library collection of these works is not comprehensive. Exceptions are usually due to scholars’ requests to withhold Library deposit. 

  • HLS S.J.D. Dissertations in HOLLIS To refine these search results by topic or faculty advisor, or limit by date, click Add a New Line.
  • Hein’s Legal Theses and Dissertations Microfiche Mic K556.H45x Drawers 947-949 This microfiche set includes legal theses and dissertations from HLS and other premier law schools. It currently includes about 300 HLS dissertations and theses.
  • Hein's Legal Theses and Dissertations Contents List This content list is in order by school only, not by date, subject or author. It references microfiche numbers within the set housed in the Microforms room on the entry level of the library, drawers 947-949. The fiche are a different color for each institution.
  • ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ Harvard University (Harvard login) Copy this search syntax: dg(S.J.D.) You will find about 130 SJD Dissertations dated from 1972 to 2004. They are not available in full text.
  • DASH Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard Sponsored by Harvard University’s Office for Scholarly Communication, DASH is an open repository for research papers by members of the Harvard community. There are currently about 600 HLS student papers included. Unfortunately it is not possible to search by type of paper or degree awarded.

The Master of Laws (“LL.M.”) degree has been awarded since 1923. Originally, the degree required completion of a major research paper, akin to a thesis. Since 1993, most students have the option of writing the LL.M. "short paper."  This is a 25-page (or longer) paper advised by a faculty supervisor or completed in conjunction with a seminar.  Fewer LL.M. candidates continue to write the more extensive "long-paper." LL.M. candidates holding J.D.s from the U.S. must write the long paper.

  • HLS Written Work Requirements for LL.M. Degree The current explanation of the LL.M. written work requirement for the master of laws.

The library generally holds HLS LL.M. long papers and short papers. In recent years, we require author release in order to do so. In HOLLIS, no distinction is made between types of written work created in satisfaction of the LL.M. degree; all are described as LL.M. thesis. Though we describe them as thesis, the law school refers to them solely as papers or in earlier years, essays. HOLLIS records indicate the number of pages, so at the record level, it is possible to distinguish long papers.

  • HLS LL.M. Papers in HOLLIS To refine these search results by topic, faculty advisor, seminar or date, click Add a New Line.

HLS LL.M. Papers are sometimes available in DASH and Hein's Legal Dissertations and Theses. See descriptions above .

The HLS J.D. written work requirement has changed over time. The degree formerly required a substantial research paper comparable in scope to a law review article written under faculty supervision, the "third year paper." Since 2008, J.D. students have the option of using two shorter works instead.

Of all those written, the library holds relatively few third-year papers. They were not actively collected but accepted by submission from faculty advisors who deemed a paper worthy of institutional retention. The papers are described in HOLLIS as third year papers, seminar papers, and student papers. Sometimes this distinction was valid, but not always. The faculty deposit tradition more or less ended in 2006, though the possibility of deposit still exists. 

  • J.D. Written Work Requirement
  • Faculty Deposit of Student Papers with the Library

HLS Third Year Papers in HOLLIS

To refine these search results by topic, faculty advisor, seminar or date, click Add a New Line.

  • HLS Student Papers Some third-year papers and LL.M. papers were described in HOLLIS simply as student papers. To refine these search results, click "Add a New Line" and add topic, faculty advisor, or course title.
  • HLS Seminar Papers Note that these include legal research pathfinders produced for the Advanced Legal Research course when taught by Virginia Wise.

Prize Papers

HLS has many endowed prizes for student papers and essays. There are currently 16 different writing prizes. See this complete descriptive list with links to lists of winners from 2009 to present. Note that there is not always a winner each year for each award. Prize winners are announced each year in the commencement pamphlet.

The Library has not specifically collected prize papers over the years but has added copies when possible. The HOLLIS record for the paper will usually indicate its status as a prize paper. The most recent prize paper was added to the collection in 2006.

Addison Brown Prize Animal Law & Policy Program Writing Prize Victor Brudney Prize Davis Polk Legal Profession Paper Prize Roger Fisher and Frank E.A. Sander Prize Yong K. Kim ’95 Memorial Prize Islamic Legal Studies Program Prize on Islamic Law Laylin Prize LGBTQ Writing Prize Mancini Prize Irving Oberman Memorial Awards John M. Olin Prize in Law and Economics Project on the Foundations of Private Law Prize Sidney I. Roberts Prize Fund Klemens von Klemperer Prize Stephen L. Werner Prize

  • Harvard Law School Prize Essays (1850-1868) A historical collection of handwritten prize essays covering the range of topics covered at that time. See this finding aid for a collection description.

The following information about online repositories is not a recommendation or endorsement to participate.

  • ProQuest Dissertations and Theses HLS is not an institutional participant to this collection. If you are interested in submitting your work, refer to these instructions and note that there is a fee required, which varies depending on the format of submission.
  • EBSCO Open Dissertations Relatively new, this is an open repository of metadata for dissertations. It is an outgrowth of the index American Doctoral Dissertations. The aim is to cover 1933 to present and, for modern works, to link to full text available in institutional repositories. Harvard is not one of the institutional participants.
  • DASH Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard

Sponsored by Harvard University’s Office for Scholarly Communication, this is an open repository for research papers by members of the Harvard community. See more information about the project. 

Some HLS students have submitted their degree paper to DASH.  If you would like to submit your paper, you may use this authorization form  or contact June Casey , Librarian for Open Access Initiatives and Scholarly Communication at Harvard Law School.

  • ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (Harvard Login) Covers dissertations and masters' theses from North American graduate schools and many worldwide. Provides full text for many since the 1990s and has descriptive data for older works.
  • NDLTD Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations Union Catalog Worldwide in scope, NDLTD contains millions of records of electronic theses and dissertations from the early 1900s to the present.
  • Law Commons of the Digital Commons Network The Law Commons has dissertations and theses, as well as many other types of scholarly research such as book chapters and conference proceedings. They aim to collect free, full-text scholarly work from hundreds of academic institutions worldwide.
  • EBSCO Open Dissertations Doctoral dissertations from many institutions. Free, open repository.
  • Dissertations from Center for Research Libraries Dissertations found in this resource are available to the Harvard University Community through Interlibrary Loan.
  • British Library EThOS Dissertation source from the British Library listing doctoral theses awarded in the UK. Some available for immediate download and some others may be requested for scanning.
  • BASE from Bielefeld University Library Index of the open repositoris of most academic institutions. Includes many types of documents including doctoral and masters theses.

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Theses and Dissertations (Criminal and Procedural Law)

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  • Appropriate versus alternative : litigation in the context of dispute resolution methods in Ghana  Kotochie, Clemence ( 2023-07-25 ) The study sought to accomplish three main tasks. These were to clarify ‘appropriate dispute resolution method’, design a mechanism for selecting an appropriate dispute resolution method for use in resolving disputes and ...
  • Bail and the presumption of innocence : a comparative legal study  Gissing, A. ( 2022-11-30 ) Every person arrested for allegedly having committed a crime, has a constitutional right to be released on bail if the interests of justice permit and subject to reasonable conditions. Every accused has a constitutional ...
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'War crimes (International law)'

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Sellars, Kirsten. ""Crimes against peace" and international law." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=133994.

Aksar, Yusuf. "The 'ad hoc' tribunals and international humanitarian law." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/405a48d5-52b6-4cea-894e-30c7a402faed.

McDonald, A. M. "Rights to legal remedies of victims of serious violations of international humanitarian law." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273093.

Nortje, Windell. "The accountability of juveniles for crimes under international law." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5471.

Candelaria, Jacob. "Europe, the United States, and the international criminal court." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Jun%5FCandelaria.pdf.

Holm, Fanny. "Justice for victims of atrocity crimes : prosecution and reparations under international law." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-138761.

LaVilla, Oriana H. D. "Reconciliation and The Rule of Law: The Changing Role of International War Crimes Tribunals." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/439.

Darge, Tobias. "Kriegsverbrechen im nationalen und internationalen Recht unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Bestimmtheitsgrundsatzes = War crimes in national and international law." [Berlin Heidelberg] Springer, 2008. http://d-nb.info/999263633/04.

Ojo, Victoria Olayide. "The Boko Haram violence from the perspective of International criminal law." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5175.

Hersi, Mohamed Farah. "The possibilites of international prosecution against the former Somali militry regime for human rights abuses in Somaliland from 1981 - 1991: establishing individual criminal and civil responsibility under international law." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/8055.

Torrens, Shannon Maree. "Interrogating International Criminal Law through the Lens of Justice as Process: From Justice Beliefs to Justice Legacies." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21862.

Sonczyk, Barbara. "The anatomy of the war crime of attacking peacekeepers under international humanitarian law and international criminal law." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2014. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/964w0/the-anatomy-of-the-war-crimeof-attacking-peacekeepersunder-internationalhumanitarian-law-andinternational-criminal-law.

Romero, Jorge H. "Cyberespionage 2010 : is the current status of espionage under international law applicable in cyberspace? /." (Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader), 2001. http://stinet.dtic.mil/str/tr4%5Ffields.html.

Mugemangango, Paul. "Immunity from prosecution for genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes: the case of heads of state." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1088.

Reyes, Menéndez Valeria. "Children in war: Answers from International Law to the crimes of recruitment of child soldiers and sexual violence." IUS ET VERITAS, 2018. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123713.

Furphy, Patricia. "Multivariate analysis of war crime behaviour : implications for the International Criminal Court." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2015. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4409/.

Bohle, Eva. "Proving genocidal intent and the policy element :genocide in Darfur?" Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2738_1297749409.

The International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur (Commission) began its work in October 2004 and provided its final report only three months later on 25 January 2005.2 There, it concluded, inter alia, &ldquo that the Government of Sudan has not pursued a policy of genocide&rdquo and that at least the central Government authorities did not act with genocidal intent.3 However, these findings would not exclude the possibility that the atrocities committed by individuals against victims were carried out with the specific intent to destroy and therefore could possibly fulfil all necessary requirements of the crime of genocide.

King, Samantha Jane. "Locating moral responsibility for war crimes : the new justiciability of 'system criminality' and its implications for the development of an international polity." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/421.

Kuner, Janosch O. A. "The war crimes trial against German Industrialist Friedrich Flick et al - a legal analysis and critical evaluation." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1823_1363782732.

This research paper is an analysis of the case United States v Flick et al which took place in 1947 in Nuremberg, Germany. Friedrich Flick, a powerful German industrialist, and several high ranking officials of his firm were tried by a United States military tribunal for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed during the Third Reich. The  proceedings and the decision itself are the subject of a critical examination, including an investigation of the factual and legal background. The trial will be regarded in the historical context of prosecutions against German industrialists after World War II. Seen from present-day perspective, the question will be raised whether any conclusions can be drawn from the Flick case in respect of the substance of present-day international criminal law.  

Schuetze, Jennifer Johanna. "To cause or not to cause, that is the question : the prosecutorial standard for incitement at international criminal law." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82670.

Verlage, Christopher. "Responsibility to Protect : ein neuer Ansatz im Völkerrecht zur Verhinderung von Völkermord, Kriegsverbrechen und Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit /." Tübingen : Mohr Siebeck, 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016710994&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

Wright, Crystal Renee Murray. "From the Hague to Nuremberg: International Law and War, 1898-1945." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501222/.

Seifert, Katharina Elena. "The scope of war crimes against peace-keeping personnel : Do Articles 8 (2) (b) (iii) and (e) (iiD ICC- Statute and 4 (b) SCSL- Statute fulfil the requirements of the principle of specificify in international law?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12610.

Reike, Ruben. "The 'responsibility to prevent' : an international crimes approach to the prevention of mass atrocities." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:16fdad2d-d295-4904-b730-bc7fe58d96c5.

Mitchell, David Scott. "Voicing the Silent War Crime: Prosecuting Sexual Violence in the Special Court for Sierra Leone." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1146448301.

Bertrand, Virginie. "Crimes de guerre au XXe siècle et juridictions pénales internationales." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON30066.

Bardet, Marie. "La notion d'infraction internationale par nature : essai d'une analyse structurelle." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0242.

Ngameni, Herman Blaise. "La diffusion du droit international pénal dans les ordres juridiques africains." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF10457.

Adonis, Bongiwe. "Immunity for serving Heads of State for crimes under International Criminal Law: an analysis of the ICC-indictment against Omar Al Bashir." University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2910.

Cameron, Calla. "Grave Breaches: American Military Intervention in the Late Twentieth- Century and the Consequences for International Law." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1677.

Diop, Mamadou Falilou. "Essai de construction de poursuites d’auteurs de crimes internationaux à travers les mécanismes nationaux et régionaux." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1066.

Ashfaq, Muhammad. "The crime of aggression : a critical historical inquiry of the just war tradition." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13671.

Devouèze, Nelly. "Le droit à l'intégrité physique et mentale dans la jurisprudence internationale pénale." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05D008.

Peterson, Ines. "Die Strafbarkeit des Einsatzes von biologischen, chemischen und nuklearen Waffen als Kriegsverbrechen nach dem IStGH-Statut /." Berlin : BWV, Berliner Wiss.-Verl, 2009. http://d-nb.info/994112998/04.

Hassan, Kamal. "Le statut des tribunaux ad hoc en droit international pénal." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR1005/document.

Bouvier, Charlotte-Lucie. "La mémoire et le droit des crimes de guerre et des crimes contre l'humanité depuis la seconde guerre mondiale : comparaison Allemagne fédérale / France." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT3018/document.

Aivo, Gérard. "Le statut de combattant dans les conflits armés non internationaux : etude critique de droit international humanitaire." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30053.

Saldarriaga, Velásquez Giuliana Stephanie. "The legality of the intervention in Mali." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116032.

Estupiñan, Silva Rosmerlin. "Los crímenes de guerra en Colombia. Estudio desde el derecho internacional y desde el derecho colombiano." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/80915.

Dyukova, Yulia. "L’utilisation du droit international humanitaire par les organes chargés de la protection des droits de l'homme." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020014.

Lira, Cláudio Rogério Sousa. "A resposta ao terrorismo pelo direito: um crime transnacional e de natureza jurídica de tratado." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2018. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/7476.

Bounda, Sosthène. "Le Comité international de la Croix-Rouge en Afrique centrale à la fin du XXe siècle : cas du Cameroun, du Congo Brazzaville, du Congo Kinshasa et du Gabon de 1960 à 1999." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30053/document.

Winters, Veronica Jane. "State-Corporate Crime in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4615.

Alendal, Oscar. "Aggressionsbegreppet : En komparativ studie av Förenta nationernas stadgas och Romstadgan för den Internationella brottsmålsdomstolens aggressionsbegrepp." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-342031.

Dubler, Robert Edward. "Crimes against humanity in international law." Thesis, Faculty of Law, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5306.

Williams, Meagan Meernik James David. "Judicial creativity or justice being served ? a look at the use of joint criminal enterprise in the ICTY prosecution /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9721.

Williams, Meagan. "Judicial Creativity or Justice Being Served? A Look at the Use of Joint Criminal Enterprise in the ICTY Prosecution." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9721/.

La, Rosa Aurélie. "Le concept d'enfant soldat et la Cour Pénale Internationale." Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL20006.

Siff, Sarah Brady. "Tough on Dope: Crime and Politics in California's Drug Wars, 1946-1963." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1479203861841892.

Riley, Donald J. "Post-conflict justice : issues and approaches." Thesis, (240 KB), 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Jun%5FRiley.pdf.

Finogenov & Ors v Russia

Forum: European Court of Human Rights INTERIGHTS’ role: Third party interveners Keywords: Life, Health

European Court Finds Russia Violated Hostages’ Right to Life During Moscow Theatre Siege Crisis Which Killed Over 129

The European Court of Human Rights today found that Russia failed to adequately plan and conduct the rescue of the victims of the ‘Nord Ost’ hostage crisis in October 2002. Russia was also found at fault for subsequently failing to conduct an effective investigation into the rescue operation, and the Court awarded compensations ranging between 8,000 and 66,000 Euros to 64 claimants. INTERIGHTS, together with the International Commission of Jurists, submitted written comments to the Court in the case.

The case relates to the siege at the Nord Ost theatre in Moscow in 2002 and the subsequent rescue operation in which, according to official records, some 129 hostages were killed. In order to end the siege, Russian authorities pumped an unknown gas into the theatre before storming it. The applicants claimed that the gas killed not only the hostage takers, but a large number of hostages, and that no adequate medical assistance was provided to the hostages in the aftermath of the operation. The 64 applicants in the case, who include surviving hostages as well as relatives of people who died during the siege, complained to the European Court about disproportionate use of force by the security forces, the lack of adequate medical assistance to the hostages after the evacuation from the theatre, and the failure to conduct an effective investigation into the events.

Today’s case raises significant issues regarding the conduct of law-enforcement operations and counter-terrorism operations which are of great practical relevance. The European Court’s judgment reaffirms the obligation on states to plan and control their counter-terrorist operations so as to minimise, to the greatest extent possible, recourse to lethal force and human losses, and to take all feasible precautions in the choice of means and methods of operation. The Court confirmed that security operations must be authorised under national law, which needs to provide sufficient regulations and a system of adequate and effective safeguards against arbitrariness and abuse of force, and against avoidable accidents.

The Court concluded that the rescue and evacuation plan was flawed, as it did not provide for a centralised coordination at the site; it did not contain instructions regarding exchange of information about the condition of individual victims between different rescue services or regarding priorities for the medics; and there was a lack of provision for medical assistance on the buses used for transportation of victims to hospital and no clear plan for the distribution of victims amongst various hospitals.

The Court recognised the need to keep certain aspects of the security operation secret, but criticised the Russian authorities for not having given information about the potentially lethal gas and the treatment to be employed to the rescue workers and medics before, or at least immediately after, its use. It further held that the authorities unduly delayed the mass evacuation of hostages from the theatre for over an hour, that there was a lack of appropriate medical treatment and equipment on the site, and that the logistics were inadequate. On the basis of these conclusions, the Court found that Russia violated the 64 applicants’ right to life under the European Convention on Human Rights.

The Court however disagreed with the claim that the toxic gas was a lethal weapon used indiscriminately against both terrorists and innocent hostages. It upheld its well-established principle that the use of indiscriminate weapons in counter-terrorist operations is not compatible with the standard of care required in operations involving use of lethal force by state agents, but found that the use of the gas during the raid of the theatre was not a disproportionate measure in the circumstances of the siege.

INTERIGHTS’ and the International Commissions of Jurists’ joint intervention addressed the duty to plan and carry out a counter-terrorist operation so that any use of lethal force will be absolutely necessary and proportionate, and the application of these standards in the particular context of a hostage situation. The intervention contained an analysis of international and comparative standards and practice, with reference to relevant jurisprudence of other international and regional human rights tribunals and of international criminal tribunals. The text of the intervention can be accessed here .

Vesselina Vandova, Senior Lawyer at INTERIGHTS, said: “Today’s judgment affirms the obligation of states to plan and conduct their law enforcement and security operations in such a way that they ensure maximum protection of the right to life. People held as hostages are particularly vulnerable, and the authorities must take all reasonable steps to protect their life and health.”

For further information please contact Vesselina Vandova on .

Judgment of the European Court of Human Rights INTERIGHTS' Third Party Intervention

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    international criminal law thesis

  2. International Criminal Law

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  3. 9780199203109: International Criminal Law

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  4. International Criminal Law Manual

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  5. An Introduction to International Criminal Law and Procedure

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  6. Exciting Law Thesis Topics

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  2. International Criminal Law

  3. Why Doesn't the United States Accept the International Criminal Court?

  4. Empirical Research Based LL.M. Dissertation and Ph.D. (Law) Thesis Writing

  5. Law P-01 M-17. Critical legal studies

  6. Introduction to International Criminal Law

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  1. Browsing LAW PhD Theses by Subject "International criminal law"

    Title: References to human rights law in the interpretation and application of the definitions of crimes by the international criminal tribunals  Author(s): MASOL, Sergii Date: 2020 Citation: Florence : European University Institute, 2020 Type: Thesis Series/Number: EUI; LAW; PhD Thesis Abstract: This thesis examines the approaches of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former ...

  2. The Effectiveness of the International Criminal Court and the Impact of

    This thesis studies the effectiveness of the International Criminal Court (ICC) by examining three variables namely the State parties, the Security Council and the Prosecutor of the ICC that were given powers by the Rome Statute to initiate cases. The hypothesis of this study is that although the ICC was created as a politically independent

  3. PDF The Crime of All Crimes: Genocide'S Primacy in International Criminal Law

    perceived genocide to be at the pinnacle of international law because it was the only international law that took a group rights based approach. The crime genocide was redefined through the United Nations Genocide Convention in 1948 and later adopted into the International Criminal Court's Rome Statute. Since 1968, only two United Nations ...

  4. (PDF) The War Crime of Starvation: Exploring the Legality of

    Taking into account the role that politics play in the shaping of international law, this thesis complements its legal findings with the liberal international relations perspective on international criminal law. This thesis reconciles conclusions from doctrinal legal research and liberal international relations theory to place policies of ...

  5. 5387 PDFs

    Nov 2022 Rami Al Kloub Racheal Wanyana Ezzah Nariswari Lupianto Ayesha Jawad Explore the latest full-text research PDFs, articles, conference papers, preprints and more on INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL...

  6. PDF The Effects and the Effectiveness of the International Criminal Court

    This Thesis posits that the critical goals of the ... The Use of Game-Theory in the Analysis of International Criminal Law (Chapters 3)_____ 19 1.3.4. Developing Three Game-theoretic Models on the ICC (Chapters 3,4 and 5) _____ 23 CHAPTER 2: The Role of Democracy in International Criminal Justice _____ 28 ...

  7. PDF State Cooperation Within the Context of The Rome Statute of The ...

    INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT: A ... Thesis presented for the degree of Master of Laws at Stellenbosch University Department of Public Law Faculty of Law Promoter: Professor Gerhard Kemp ... owing to the customary international law obligation for all States to repress, find and

  8. Dissertations / Theses: 'International Criminal Court (ICC ...

    1 Talebpour, Mansour. "Impunity and the International Criminal Court (ICC)." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2012. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/15620/. Full text Add to bibliography APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles 2 Nerland, Krista. "Trying the Court : an assessment of the challenges facing the ICC in Uganda and Darfur."

  9. (Pdf) Dissertation the Role of The International Criminal Court in

    ABSTRACT This research work analyzes whether the International Criminal Court (ICC) has lawfully issued and circulated an arrest warrant against the sitting Head of State of Sudan, Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir, and whether its request to the States parties to the Rome Statute (particularly Malawi) to arrest and surrender him is in conformity with the provisions of the Statute.

  10. Analysis of International Criminal Law Cases

    In international criminal law, criminals who are heads of state or symbols of state, like members of royalty, often do not receive the punishment they deserve. Whether or not to prosecute...

  11. Theses

    International criminal law imposes responsibilities directly on individuals and punishes violations through international mechanisms such as the ICTR, the ICTY, and the ICC. ... Format: E-thesis. The Politics of Torture, Human Rights, and Oversight The Canadian Experience with the UN's Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture (OPCAT ...

  12. International Criminal Law: Home

    ISBN: 9780199941476 Publication Date: 2022 Crimes Against Humanity in the 21st Century: : law, practice, and threats to international peace and security by Robert Dubler SC; Matthew Kalyk Call Number: Holders of an Oxford SSO can read this online via title link ISBN: 9789004347670 Publication Date: 2018

  13. LLM International Criminal Law

    The dissertation module will be assessed by submission of a thesis (15,000 words), and provides an opportunity for sustained, in-depth and intensive investigation into, and reflection upon, a specialist area of International Criminal Law.

  14. International Law Dissertation Topic Examples

    1. In determining whether or not there exists a threat to the peace, a breach of the peace, or an act of aggression, the Security Council enjoys considerably broad discretionary powers. Discuss. It is undisputed that the Security Council's discretionary power to determine whether a threat to or breach of the peace exists is considerably broad.

  15. Mass Rape and Genocide: International Law and the Increased Need for

    This thesis explains why there is an increased need for deterrence in international law with regard to war crimes of sexual violence and mass rapes. Increased deterrence is necessary in nations where there is ongoing civil conflict.

  16. The International Legal Framework to Combat Criminal Extremism

    Russian Journal of Legal Studies (Moscow) Vol 4, No 3 (2017)

  17. The concept of 'internal judicial independence' in the case law of the

    The concept was first mentioned in international soft law and in professional standards in the early 1980s. ... for example, be assigned to no longer handle criminal cases but only private law cases. As a result, this power functions as a variant of the power to assign cases to a specific judge. ... 36 On the transmission-belt thesis with ...

  18. HLS Dissertations, Theses, and JD Papers

    Introduction This is a guide to finding Harvard Law School ("HLS") student-authored works held by the Library and in online collections. This guide covers HLS S.J.D Dissertations, LL.M. papers, J.D. third-year papers, seminar papers, and prize papers. There have been changes in the HLS degree requirements for written work.

  19. Theses and Dissertations (Criminal and Procedural Law)

    The powers of a peace officer to arrest a suspect without a warrant, detain and use force : its constitutionality and consequences on the rights of a suspect. Gopaul, Arusha (2022-03) Peace officers are empowered to arrest without a warrant, detain and use force on suspects. Suspects are guaranteed protection and promotion of their ...

  20. Dissertations / Theses: 'War crimes (International law)'

    Full text Add to bibliography APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles Abstract: The Nuremberg Judgment on the leaders of Nazi Germany proclaimed 'crimes against peace' - the planning and waging of aggressive wars - to be 'the supreme international crime'.

  21. PDF Application of International Humanitarian Law to Outer Space: Existing

    International Law International Law on the Use of Force International Space Law International Humanitarian Law Simultaneous application often leads to legal issues and conflicts of laws. What norms are applied to cases of military uses of outer space in times of peace, in periods of rising tensions, and in times of armed conflicts?

  22. Finogenov & Ors v Russia

    INTERIGHTS, together with the International Commission of Jurists, submitted written comments to the Court in the case. The case relates to the siege at the Nord Ost theatre in Moscow in 2002 and the subsequent rescue operation in which, according to official records, some 129 hostages were killed. In order to end the siege, Russian authorities ...