contoh critical essay writing

Critical Writing: Examples & Brilliant Tips [2024]

Any critique is nothing more than critical analysis, and the word “analysis” does not have a negative meaning. Critical writing relies on objective evaluations of or a response to an author’s creation. As such, they can be either positive or negative, as the work deserves.

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To write a critique, you shall:

• Examine the subject that you will criticize.
• Summarize the author’s/creator’s ideas and arguments.
• Analyze and interpret the work, defining the author’s/creator’s goal.
• Evaluate and respond, providing clear evidence.

Here’s the thing:

When learning how to write a critical analysis, you’ll see there is nothing to worry about. Before we get into the specifics, prepared by the Custom-writing team , let’s take a quick peek at its history and definition. Then we’ll consider essential tips on critical writing and what to avoid.

• 🧩 Critical Features
• 💡 10 Writing Tips
• 🚦 Dos and Don’ts

🔗 References

📜 history of critical writing.

Let’s start with the fundamental question: what does critical mean? Generally, it refers to involving judgment or criticism . However, it might also mean a turning point. In the context of the article, we’ll discuss it in its former meaning.

Critical analysis in the form that we know it today started with the idea of critical thinking . So, what is it?

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Critical thinking is the evaluation not only of the sources of information but ideas and arguments around them, as well. As a reader, you cannot believe everything that is written. You need to evaluate the data, as it is the basis of academic debate. The effectiveness of critical thinking depends on skepticism and objectivity:

• Skepticism . Doubt and question everything you see. You do not accept the information upon seeing it. You thoroughly question it beforehand.
• Objectivity . Provide a neutral perspective on your argument. Try to think of every single thing that might influence your attitude.

You can see it explored in essay samples on the topic.

Critical thinking skills led to the creation of critical writing . It’s an analysis in a written form that requires evaluating the evidence and coherently expressing your thoughts. If you know how to present your ideas, composing one won’t be that challenging.

Critical writing appeared during the Renaissance when the arts started to criticize the Church. Two historical figures affected its development in particular:

• Jean-Baptiste Molière. The master of comedic drama. He was one of few people to continue creating dramatic works even though the Church labeled them as anti-Christian. After Molière wrote his comedy Tartuffe (aka. the Hypocrite ), which deeply criticized the Church, the priests targeted Molière and his work. Even the king couldn’t protect him once this comedy hit the stage. But this was just the beginning:
• Immanuel Kant. The german philosopher brought critique into the realm of theory that we came close to using our modern review method. In his aesthetic work called Critique of Judgment , he examined the viability and logic behind “judgments of taste.” Based on his aesthetic theory, many pieces of writing critiques came into being.

Nonetheless, the critical writing process carried on to make a name for itself in the 21st century. This time turned aesthetics into commerce and shaped comprehensive critical analyses into what we know them as today.

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🧩 Critical Writing Features

Now that you’ve learned the essential tips, you have to consider the parts of any critical writing piece. Whether you’re writing a movie critique or art critique , the same general guidelines apply to all of them. No matter what the requirements are!

While writing a critique paper, you have to strive for excellence. Each work of this sort has to obtain these features:

• Precise and effective arguments that logically lead to your conclusion.
• An unbiased view for why the point should be supported or handled with accuracy.
• Recognition of the limitations regarding the evidence.
• Refusal to agree with the arguments of other writers without critically evaluating the argumentation they offer.

The main sections of good critical essays are:

• Summary : This should be brief and to the point. Only author’s/creator’s main ideas and arguments should be included.
• Analysis/interpretation: Discuss the author’s/creator’s primary goal and determine whether it was reached successfully. Use the evidence you have gathered to argue whether or not the author/creator achieved was adequately convincing (remember there should be no personal bias in this discussion).
• Evaluation/response : At this point, your readers are ready to read your objective reaction to the work. It should be professional, yet you should include your critical responses to be entertaining to read.

Do not hesitate to use strong language! You can say that the work you analyzed was weak and poorly-structured if that is the case. Yet, keep in mind that you have to have evidence to back up your claim.

To get a better understanding, you may check our The Importance of Being Earnest critique sample.

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💡 10 Critical Essay Writing Tips

Now we get down to the real work. Critical papers are a regular assignment in English classes. Some teachers prefer to provide an essay topic and sometimes even specify the thesis statement . Others leave the choice up to you.

To get how to write a critical analysis, you should consider our tips:

• Examine the subject at least twice. Read the book or watch the movie (and so on) that you’ve chosen, preferably a couple of times. If you don’t have time or desire to do it twice, study it once and take detailed notes.
• Mark the places you will talk about. Bookmarks or sticky flags can be convenient. If it’s a movie or performance, you’ll probably have to rely on your memory. Make sure to take notes as soon as possible.
• Provide context before diving into details . Just as in other academic writing pieces, show a general picture before providing detailed information. This way, your reader will be immersed in your critical essay from the start.
• Always elaborate on both pros and cons . Analyze issues with all their advantages and disadvantages. Your discussion has to be balanced to be persuasive and fair.
• Be clear and concise . Reduce your information to its most crucial part. Write directly to the point, and make sure that your reader understands you completely.
• Provide reasonable arguments. Your assertions and judgments are worth nothing if they are not backed up with facts and logic. Illustrate your points with evidence from the piece that you’re criticizing.
• Comment on nuances and subtext . Pinpointing the weaknesses in your argument will help convince the reader. Instead of leaving them for the readers to criticize, acknowledge them.
• Ask for other opinions. A critique can be somewhat confusing when you don’t know how to link it to your thesis statement. If you see that your writing is taking you nowhere, consider consulting with someone. A third-person opinion can navigate your analysis or help you with changing your perspective.
• Be sure to use an impartial tone. Writing a critique paper relies on your respectful approach. Even if you disliked the work you have chosen to analyze, be polite. Your reader will want to get a sophisticated point of view.
• Pay attention to your word choice . Use the appropriate language to highlight that what is being said is a hypothesis or a belief. Implement “hedges” to soften your sentence when necessary.

As one of the crucial critical essay writing tips, we should mention that you can evaluate the chosen piece in several ways. Pick the one you feel more comfortable with from the following:

• Descriptive critical essays examine texts or other works. Their primary focus is usually on specific features. It is common to compare and contrast a given piece to a classic example of the genre to which it belongs.
• Evaluative critical writing provides an estimate of the value of the work. Was it as good as you expected based on the recommendations? Do you feel your time would have been better spent on something else?
• Interpretive essays provide your readers with answers that relate to the meaning of the work in question. To do this, you must select a method of determining its purpose. Then you read/watch/observe the work according to this method and put forth an argument.

There are also different types of critiques. The University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, in the article “ Writing critiques ,” also discusses them and appropriate critique language.

🚦 Critical Writing: Dos and Don’ts

Essentially, your paper has to do justice to the author’s or creator’s work. You will thoroughly examine the themes and organization of a book, article, movie, artwork, or whatever you are assigned to critique. In your review, you will summarize, analyze, interpret, and evaluate the work.

There are some things you should and shouldn’t do in your critical essay:

Critical Writing Essay Topics

• Cultural theory critique of Andrews and Boyle’s transcultural concepts.
• Critical analysis of the film Battle in Seattle .
• Analyze the travel memoires of Matsuo Basho, The Narrow Road to the Interior .
• Frankenstein by Mary Shelley : critical writing.
• Discuss the key concept of the book Rich Dad Poor Dad by Robert Kiyosaki .
• Literature critique of strategic management research.
• Examine the philosophical ideas presented in Nausea by Jean-Paul Sartre .
• Analyze the literary techniques used in Hamlet by W. Shakespeare .
• Qualitative critique of the article The TrueBlue Study by Morgan et al.
• Critical evaluation of F. S. Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby .
• Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck : critical analysis.
• The role of communication issues in Joy Luck Club .
• Erin Brockovich : film critique .
• Scrutinize the social issues shown in the documentary Solitary Nation .
• Discuss the ideas presented by Tim Berners-Lee in his book Weaving the Web .
• Critique of the speech We Should all be Feminists by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie .
• Topicality of the ideas presented in The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People by Stephen R. Covey.
• Critique of Florence Nightingale’s environmental model .
• Die Hard : movie critique.
• The role of symbols in Araby by James Joyce .
• Reading critique of He Died With His Eyes Open by Derek Raymond .
• Comparative analysis of On Seeing England for the First Time by J. Kincaid and The Sasquatch at Home: Traditional Protocols and Storytelling by E. Robinson.
• Sonny’s Blues by James Baldwin : critical writing.
• Reconsidering the life’s values in The Plague by Albert Camus .
• Analyze the film The Lord of the Rings: the Fellowship of the Ring .
• Critique of the research article Using Evidence-Based Practice to Prevent Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia .
• Present your interpretation of the film The Red Balloon by Albert Lamorisse .
• Critical analysis of the Edward Zwick’s film Blood Diamond .
• Discuss the underlying message in the novel Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad .
• A Midsummer Night’s Dream : critique.
• Literary analysis of The Worst Hard Time by Timothy Egan .
• Critique of the study When the Five Rights Go Wrong by Jackie H. Jones and Linda Treiber.
• A. Walker’s Everyday Use : a short story critique.
• A critical discussion of federal rule of evidence.
• Lone Survivor by Peter Berg : critical analysis of the movie.
• Compare and analyze the films Double Happiness and Do the Right Thing .
• Discuss the effects of modernity on the eponymous profession in the poem The Dignity of Ushers by Al Maginnes .
• Analyze the central theme of the book The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian by Sherman Alexie.
• Examine the author’s interpretation of love in Their Eyes Were Watching God .
• Describe the literary techniques used by Linda Hogan in Dwellings .
• Critical analysis of the film Not Easily Broken .
• Critique of negotiation theory.
• Red Tails by George Lucas : movie critique.
• Discuss the role the setting plays in Cat in the Rain and A Rose for Emily .
• Compare and analyze the use of metaphors in Updike’s A&P and Pastan’s Marks .
• T he Radical Marriage of a Runaway Nun and a Renegade Monk by Michelle DeRusha : critical writing.
• Philosophical discourse in Robert Frost’s poem Birches .
• Analyze the film The Monsters Are Due on Maple Street .

Thanks for reading. Now your ultimate goal is to submit to your instructor a critique that will knock their socks off, and you will succeed! Share this page if it was helpful, and leave a comment below.

• Critical Writing: EAP Foundation
• Critical Analysis Template: Keiran Rankin and Sara Wolfe, Writing Center, Thompson Rivers University
• What Is Critical Writing: Study Skills Centre, Bangor University
• Defining Critical Thinking: The Foundation for Critical Thinking
• 6 Critical Thinking Skills You Need to Master Now: Will Erstad, Rasmussen College
• Writing the Critical Essay: Vermont College of Fine Arts
• Writing Critical Analysis Papers: Political Science, LSJ, JSIS Writing Center, University of Washington
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Cara Menulis Esai Kritis

Artikel ini disusun bersama Megan Morgan, PhD . Megan Morgan adalah penasihat akademik program sarjana di School of Public & International Affairs, University of Georgia. Dia mendapatkan gelar PhD di bidang Sastra Inggris dari University of Georgia pada 2015. Ada 13 referensi yang dikutip dalam artikel ini dan dapat ditemukan di akhir halaman. Artikel ini telah dilihat 19.021 kali.

Esai kritis merupakan tulisan analisis mengenai suatu karya seperti buku, film, artikel, atau lukisan. Tujuan dari pembuatan esai kritis adalah memberikan sebuah gambaran atau interpretasi mengenai suatu aspek dari karya atau mensituasikan karya dalam konteks yang lebih luas. Sebagai contoh, sebuah analisis kritis mengenai suatu buku dapat berfokus pada nuansa tulisan di dalamnya guna menentukan bagaimana nuansa tersebut memengaruhi makna dari buku itu secara keseluruhan. Atau, suatu analisis kritis untuk sebuah film dapat berfokus pada signifikansi atas suatu simbol yang muncul berulang kali di dalamnya. Sebuah esai kritis harus memasukkan suatu tesis argumentatif mengenai suatu karya dan sejumlah besar sumber-sumber bukti tertulis untuk membantu mendukung interpretasi tersebut. [1] X Teliti sumber Berikut adalah cara untuk menulis esai kritis.

Persiapan Menulis Esai Kritis

• Ketahui karya tersebut luar dan dalam dengan membaca berulang kali. Apabila Anda diminta untuk menulis mengenai suatu karya visual seperti film atau karya seni, tontonlah film tersebut beberapa kali atau amati lukisan tersebut dari berbagai sudut dan jarak.

• Apa yang diangkat oleh karya itu?
• Apa gagasan utamanya?
• Apa hal yang menarik dari karya itu?
• Apa tujuan dari karya tersebut?
• Apakah karya tersebut berhasil meraih tujuannya? Jika tidak, apa penyebabnya? Jika berhasil, bagaimana caranya? [4] X Teliti sumber Hindari: meringkas karya setelah Anda sepenuhnya mengetahuinya. Lakukan: tuliskan pikiran-pikiran Anda yang dapat menuntun Anda dalam menulis esai, seperti: Apakah maksud dia adalah___? Apakah hal ini terhubung dengan___?

• Solusi Anda terhadap suatu permasalahan harus membantu Anda untuk mengembangkan fokus pada esai. Namun, ingatlah bahwa Anda tidak harus memiliki sebuah argumen yang solid mengenai karya Anda pada titik ini. Selagi Anda terus memikirkan karya tersebut, Anda akan bergerak lebih dekat ke suatu fokus dan suatu tesis untuk esai analisis kritis yang Anda buat. [5] X Teliti sumber Hindari: membaca pikiran penulis: Mary Shelley berkeinginan membuat monster ciptaan Frankenstein lebih simpatik karena... Lakukan: parafrasekan sesuai interpretasi Anda sendiri: monster ciptaan Frankenstein lebih simpatik dibandingkan penciptanya, sehingga pembaca menjadi bertanya-tanya, siapa sebenarnya monster di antara mereka berdua.

Melakukan Riset

• Buku, artikel ilmiah, artikel majalah, koran, dan situs-situs yang terpercaya adalah beberapa sumber yang dapat Anda gunakan.
• Gunakan basis data perpustakaan alih-alih pencarian umum di internet. Perpustakaan universitas sering kali berlangganan pada banyak basis data. Basis-basis data tersebut menyediakan akses gratis ke artikel-artikel dan sumber-sumber lainnya yang biasanya tidak dapat Anda peroleh dengan menggunakan mesin pencari biasa.

• Penulis dan kredensialnya. Pilihlah sumber-sumber yang mencantumkan nama penulis dan kredensialnya yang mengindikasikan alasan sang penulis memiliki kualifikasi sebagai ahli dalam subjek tersebut. Sebagai contoh, sebuah artikel mengenai penyakit menular akan lebih bisa dipercaya apabila penulisnya adalah seorang dokter. Apabila sebuah sumber tidak mencantumkan nama penulis atau penulisnya tidak memiliki kredensial, sumber tersebut mungkin tidak bisa dipercaya. [7] X Teliti sumber
• Kutipan. Periksa apakah penulis sumber telah meriset subjeknya dengan cukup. Periksalah daftar pustakanya. Apabila daftar pustakanya terlalu sedikit atau tidak ada sama sekali, sumber tersebut mungkin tidak terlalu terpercaya. [8] X Teliti sumber
• Bias. Periksa apakah sang penulis telah memberikan pembahasan yang objektif dan masuk akal mengenai topiknya. Cari tahu apakah terdapat bias ke satu sisi argumen. Apabila terdapat bias, sumber tersebut mungkin tidak terlalu bagus. [9] X Teliti sumber (Namun, perlu diketahui bahwa kritik sasta sering kali memberikan bias kuat terhadap salah satu karya; hal ini biasanya tidak dianggap sebagai bias karena bidang ilmu sastra memiliki subjektivitas inheren yang kuat.) Hindari: menyingkirkan pendapat seorang penulis karena memihak terhadap satu sudut pandang. Lakukan: ulas secara kritis argumen mereka dan gunakan klaim-klaim yang didukung dengan fakta.
• Tanggal publikasi. Periksa apakah suatu sumber memiliki informasi yang terbarukan mengenai subjek. Tanggal publikasi sangat penting untuk diketahui, terutama untuk bidang ilmu sains, karena teknologi dan teknik terbaru akan membuat penemuan-penemuan terdahulu menjadi tidak relevan. [10] X Teliti sumber
• Informasi yang diberikan di dalam sumber. Apabila Anda masih mempertanyakan tingkat keterpercayaan suatu sumber, periksalah beberapa informasi di dalamnya dengan informasi yang terdapat pada sumber yang telah terpercaya. Apabila informasi yang diberikan oleh sang penulis berkontradiksi dengan sumber-sumber lainnya yang terpercaya, sebaiknya jangan gunakan karya sang penulis dalam esai Anda. [11] X Teliti sumber

• Indikasikan dengan jelas saat Anda mengutip sebuah sumber, kata demi kata, dengan memberikan tanda kutip dan mencantumkan informasi mengenai sumber seperti nama penulis, judul artikel atau buku, dan nomor halaman. Hindari: menggarisbawahi sebuah kalimat hanya karena kalimat tersebut tampak signifikan atau bermakna. Lakukan: garisbawahi kalimat-kalimat yang mendukung atau menolak argumen-argumen Anda.

Menulis Esai

• Pastikan tesis Anda memberikan detil yang cukup. Hindari sekadar mengatakan bahwa sesuatu hal adalah bagus atau efektif . Secara spesifik, jelaskan apa yang membuat hal tersebut bagus atau efektif . [14] X Sumber Tepercaya University of North Carolina Writing Center Kunjungi sumber
• Tempatkan pernyataan tesis Anda pada akhir paragraf pertama kecuali instruktor Anda menugasi untuk menaruhnya di tempat lain. Bagian akhir paragraf pertama merupakan tempat yang biasa digunakan untuk pernyataan tesis dalam esai akademis.
• Sebagai contoh, berikut adalah pernyataan tesis yang terdiri atas beberapa kalimat mengenai efektivitas dan tujuan dari film Mad Max: Fury Road : “Sejumlah besar film aksi mengikuti pola tradisional yang sama: seorang pria jagoan mengikuti nalurinya dan memberikan perintah kepada orang-orang lain, dan mereka harus mengikutinya atau mati. Mad Max: Fury Road merupakan film yang efektif karena plotnya tidak mengikuti pola tersebut sama sekali. Alih-alih, film tersebut merupakan sebuah cerita aksi dengan sejumlah tokoh utama, banyak di antaranya adalah perempuan, dan secara efektif menantang standar patriarki dalam film-film musim panas Hollywood.” Hindari: mecantumkan fakta-fakta yang sudah jelas ( Mad Max disutradarai oleh George Miller ) atau opini subjektif ( Mad Max adalah film terbaik sepanjang tahun 2015 ). [15] X Sumber Tepercaya University of North Carolina Writing Center Kunjungi sumber Lakukan: berikan sebuah argumen yang dapat Anda tunjang dengan bukti-bukti.

• Anda mungkin ingin menggunakan struktur kerangka formal yang menggunakan pengangkaan Romawi, Arab, dan huruf. Atau, Anda mungkin ingin menggunakan kerangka informal seperti peta pikiran yang memungkinkan Anda untuk mengumpulkan seluruh gagasan sebelum Anda mengetahui sepenuhnya bagaimana ide-ide tersebut akan menyatu.

• Teknik bagus lainnya yang dapat digunakan untuk membuka sebuah esai adalah dengan menggunakan suatu detil yang spesifik dan evokatif yang terhubung dengan gagasan besar Anda, mengutarakan sebuah pertanyaan yang akan dijawab oleh esai, atau memberikan suatu statistik yang menarik. [19] X Teliti sumber

• Apabila Anda menulis mengenai sebuah buku, tuliskan nama buku tersebut, nama penulisnya, dan ringkasan singkat mengenai plotnya.
• Apabila Anda menulis mengenai suatu film, berikan sinopsis singkat.
• Apabila Anda menulis mengenai sebuah lukisan atau gambar diam lainnya, berikan penjabaran singkat untuk pembaca.
• Ingatlah bahwa latar belakang yang dicantumkan dalam paragraf pertama harus mengarah pada pernyataan tesis. Jelaskan segalanya yang harus diketahui pembaca guna memahami isi topik, lalu tajamkan isinya hingga Anda mencapai topik itu sendiri. [21] X Teliti sumber

• Sebuah klaim pada awal paragraf.
• Hal-hal yang mendukung klaim dengan sedikitnya satu contoh dari sumber-sumber utama.
• Penunjang klaim dengan sedikitnya satu contoh dari sumber-sumber sekunder.

• Ringkas dan ulas ide-ide utama mengenai karya yang Anda ulas.
• Jelaskan bagaimana topik yang Anda bahas memengaruhi pembaca.
• Jelaskan bagaimana topik sempit yang Anda tulis dapat diaplikasikan untuk tema atau observasi yang lebih luas.
• Mengajak pembaca untuk bertindak atau mengeksplorasi topik lebih dalam lagi.
• Menjabarkan pertanyaan-pertanyaan baru yang dimunculkan dari esai Anda. Hindari: mengulangi poin-poin yang sama yang sudah Anda buat di esai Lakukan: acu kembali poin-poin awal yang telah ditulis dan hubungkan semuanya menjadi satu argumen tunggal.

Merevisi Esai

• Sangatlah penting untuk memulai menulis esai jauh sebelum batas waktu guna memperoleh waktu beberapa hari atau minggu untuk merevisinya sebelum dikumpulkan. Apabila Anda tidak memiliki waktu tambahan tersebut, Anda akan lebih rentan untuk melakukan kesalahan dan nilai Anda akan menjadi buruk karenanya. [24] X Teliti sumber

• Apa poin utama Anda? Bagaimana Anda bisa mengklarifikasi poin tersebut?
• Siapa sasaran pembaca Anda? Sudahkah Anda mempertimbangkan kebutuhan dan ekspektasi mereka?
• Apa tujuan Anda? Sudahkah Anda meraih tujuan tersebut dengan esai Anda?
• Seberapa efektif bukti yang Anda miliki? Bagaimana cara Anda untuk bisa memperkuatnya?
• Apakah setiap bagian dari esai telah terhubung dengan tesis? Bagaimana Anda bisa memperjelas hubungan tersebut?
• Apakah bahasa atau penyusunan kalimat Anda mudah dimengerti? Bagaimana Anda bisa memperjelasnya?
• Apakah terdapat kesalahan dalam tata bahasa atau ejaan? Bagaimana Anda bisa mengoreksinya?
• Apa yang kira-kira akan diutarakan oleh orang yang tidak sependapat dengan Anda mengenai esai Anda? Bagaimana Anda bisa mengatasi argumen oposisi dalam esai Anda? [25] X Teliti sumber

• Apabila Anda harus mengumpulkan esai tersebut melalui sistem daring atau surat elektronik, tanyakan kepada dosen/instruktur Anda mengenai jenis dokumen yang diinginkan. Apabila Anda memiliki format tekstual dalam esai, simpan tulisan Anda dalam bentuk PDF untuk menjaga format tersebut.
• Mintalah teman, anggota keluarga, atau rekan Anda untuk memeriksa dan memberikan komentar membangun mengenai esai Anda. Adalah normal bagi penulis untuk memiliki banyak draf sebelum mencapai bentuk akhir dari tulisannya.
• Akan lebih mudah apabila Anda menulis pendahuluan kasar, menyelesaikan sisa esai, dan merevisinya di akhir. Apabila Anda merasa kebingungan mengenai bagaimana caranya Anda dapat membuat pendahuluan, buatlah paragraf kasarnya terlebih dahulu.
• Tajamkan topik selagi Anda menulis. Banyak murid yang melakukan kesalahan dengan memilih topik yang terlalu luas karena mereka berharap akan bisa menuturkan banyak hal. Namun, sesungguhnya akan lebih mudah untuk menuliskan banyak hal mengenai topik yang tajam. Sebagai contoh, akan hampir mustahil untuk menulis esai yang mempertanyakan apakah perang merupakan hal yang etik atau tidak. Sebaliknya, menulis esai mengenai justifikasi berpartisipasi dalam suatu perang spesifik akan lebih mudah untuk dilakukan.
• Tulis dengan gaya bahasa Anda sendiri. Gunakan kata-kata yang Anda ketahui alih-alih kata-kata yang terlalu akademis dan tidak sering Anda pakai.
• Mulailah sedini mungkin. Anda akan menghasilkan tulisan lebih bagus—dan tekanan yang Anda alami akan jauh lebih rendah—apabila Anda menulis esai selama beberapa malam alih-alih dalam satu sesi marathon di satu malam penuh.
• Bekerjalah dengan proses Anda sendiri. Sebagai contoh: beberapa penulis membutuhkan kerangka sedangkan beberapa lainnya menganggap kerangka formal justru menghambat kemampuan mereka dalam menulis. Kenali metode yang cocok untuk Anda.
• Apabila Anda mengalami masalah dalam mengatur struktur esai, buatlah kerangka baru berdasarkan kalimat-kalimat topik dari tiap paragraf. Dalam kerangka tersebut, buatlah sebuah kalimat yang menjelaskan hubungan di antara kalimat-kalimat topik tersebut. Apabila Anda tidak dapat menjelaskan hubungan-hubungan tersebut dengan cepat, artinya adalah paragraf-paragraf Anda tidak tersusun dengan baik dan Anda harus menyusunnya ulang.
• Sadari bahwa Anda tidak akan memiliki cukup waktu untuk membaca sepuluh atau selusin buku secara mendalam. Gunakan daftar isi dan indeks buku untuk mencari bab-bab yang paling relevan.
• Esai yang ditulis pada detik-detik terakhir sering kali bermasalah dalam tata bahasa dan logika. Ingatlah bahwa instruktur Anda telah membaca ratusan, atau mungkin ribuan esai muridnya, dan oleh karenanya, esai yang ditulis pada batas waktu akan mudah dikenali.
• Pastikan Anda mencantumkan seluruh informasi dari riset yang telah Anda buat, termasuk kutipan, statistik, dan konsep-konsep teoritis seakurat mungkin. Apabila Anda merasa ragu-ragu, cantumkan lebih banyak kutipan, karena apabila Anda tidak mencantumkan sumber informasi yang Anda gunakan dalam esai, Anda akan dituduh melakukan plagiarisme.

wikiHow Terkait

• ↑ http://www.webster.edu/academic-resource-center/writingcenter/writing-tips/analysis.html
• ↑ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/685/05/
• ↑ http://www.sussex.ac.uk/s3/?id=122
• ↑ http://www2.southeastern.edu/Academics/Faculty/elejeune/critique.htm
• ↑ http://www.millsaps.edu/academics/heritage_how_to_write_a_critical_essay_on_literature.php
• ↑ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/553/03/
• ↑ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/673/1/
• ↑ http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/thesis-statements/
• ↑ https://www.irsc.edu/students/academicsupportcenter/researchpaper/researchpaper.aspx?id=4294967433
• ↑ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/engagement/2/2/58/
• ↑ http://www.gallaudet.edu/tip/english_center/writing/guide_to_writing_introductions_and_conclusions.html
• ↑ http://writingcenter.fas.harvard.edu/pages/beginning-academic-essay
• ↑ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/561/05/

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Critical Essay: The Complete Guide. Essay Topics, Examples and Outlines

Whether you specialize in literature or just write an essay for a class, knowing how to write a critical essay will give you an advantage throughout your studies at a university and in your professional career. Writing critical essays allows you to develop critical thinking skills, including attentive reading, technical analysis, academic writing skills, searching for reference books, and editing. Mastering these skills will help you conduct a scientific conversation and allow you to communicate and think more productively.

What is a Critical Essay?

A critical essay is an analysis of any piece of text. It can be a book, a movie, an article or even a painting. The main point of this type of an essay is to interpret text or position it in a wider context. For instance, if you write a critical analysis of a book, you may analyze the tone of its text and find out how it influences the overall meaning of the book. If you analyze a movie, you might concentrate on a symbol that you see over and over again. Nevertheless, you have to include an argumentative thesis about the text and have a lot of evidence sources, obviously textual, to support your statements.

How to write a Critical Essay? Step-by-Step Guide

• Find out the topic as early as possible to plan your research.
• Find the information you need in a wide variety of sources, including journal articles, books, encyclopedias, and news. Gather more information than you plan to actually refer to when writing a paper, but do not collect too much, it can distract you from the main thing, and you will eventually include it in your essay simply because you found it. Do not use Wikipedia and do not copy other people’s comments; no matter from which website you take them, plagiarism will be discovered.
• Look through your sources to separate interesting information from irrelevant material. Interesting research can be found in books, literary guides, in published critical articles on your particular topic. And vice versa, do not investigate things that do not relate to your topic, what I mean is, do not engage in the study of witches, if the topic of your paper is a monarchy.
• Carefully reread the relevant materials and evaluate them critically. Highlight, underline or otherwise mark the necessary information in your personal articles and books. Use colored stickers to draw your attention to important details in library books. Make a brief summary of each source after reading it. Pay attention to important details and highlight the main point of view for further use.
• Formulate the thesis by reviewing your notes and research. You can write a more general thesis or ask an important question that your paper will answer.
• Write a preliminary introduction, knowing that you can edit or even rewrite it later.
• Develop an approximate plan based on your notes and studies.

Identify two or three main sections of the body of your essay. These sections should consist of your most important arguments. Use your notes and research to fill these sections with details. You can copy and paste the most important details or arguments into your plan.

• Identify the relationships between sections of your essay and briefly describe them on the margins of your plan.
• Use this connection to write an approximate conclusion.
• Set your paper aside for a few days before rereading the draft.
• Leave enough time to make a thorough review of all material that will clarify any illogical reasonings or arguments.
• Complete your essay by carefully checking the final version of the printed version. Use your imagination and make the introduction interesting for readers. Write a clear thesis statement and use up-to-date sources, with a lot of useful information.

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Critical Essay Outline

Writing a good critical essay requires a deep analysis of a given topic, and the ability to form clear arguments in order to draw meaningful conclusions. It is important to be aware of the various elements that must be taken into consideration when ordering an essay in order to produce a well-structured, balanced and compelling piece of work. Doing so will help you understand the material better, think more critically, and come up with a more insightful analysis of the topic. Additionally, it will also help you to identify any gaps in the existing literature that can be addressed in your own research.

As with any other essay, the critical analysis consists of the introduction, body, and conclusion. The outline that you will see below is just a sample for you to understand what it can look like. Once you are comfortable, you are free to change it, add more details or arrange it differently to make it more effective. If you are really unsure what your essay is supposed to look like, you can also contact your teacher.

INTRODUCTION

The introduction has three main functions. First of all, you have to introduce the reader to the topic of your paper, what are you going to analyze here but briefly? Then, describe how are you going to address the topic of your paper. And finally, grab the reader’s attention, make them want to stay here, and read the rest of your paper.

BODY PARAGRAPHS

This is going to be the largest part of your essay. Here you have to write about something you said you are going to write about in the intro. In other words, support your thesis statement. You have to make a General Statement, then add some quotes to expand it or prove it. After that you have to explain how the quote relates to the thesis, here you have to ask yourself “so how does it relate to my thesis”. And do not forget about Transitions which are connecting paragraphs.

To write a paper in a relevant way, students need to add new information to their research and assess the significance of each argument. Critical essays are meant to be insightful and thought-provoking, so they should provide enough evidence and analysis to support the argument and connect it to the thesis statement. Moreover, students should pay attention to the structure of the essay and make sure they write a paper that is logically organized and easy to understand.

In other words, the conclusion is restating of your thesis. If you have written a strong and clear introduction, the conclusion will not be a problem at all.

So, you have to Restate your Thesis. But do not just repeat what you said before, put it differently. Basically, you said that you are about to prove to us something and now you have to show us that you did. And make a good ending. Make it memorable. Your reader has to have a feeling that the point has been proven.

Introduction

• Attention-catcher
• Briefly say what you are going to talk about
• Thesis statement

Body paragraphs

• Topic Sentence (piece of evidence that supports your opinion)
• Supporting Evidence and Details
• Concluding Sentence/Transition
• Restate the thesis statement in different words
• Summarize the main key pieces of evidence
• Final closing sentence

Critical Essay Topics

Good critical essay topics.

• Describe the way irony was used in your favorite classical book
• Feminist ideologies in a piece of literature
• Analyse how the background of the author affects his writing.
• Describe the secondary characters in your favorite book
• What makes a good and captivating drama series?
• Choose a movie/series that recently won a best picture award
• Provide one alternative to anti-poverty programs today and discuss
• What are the problems of eating healthy? Discuss
• What are the economic benefits of recycling? Discuss what makes it effective in your context
• Discuss how historical figures is portrayed in movies

Critical Essay Tips

• Try to start in advance, if possible. You will write a better essay and will not experience stress if you start writing earlier than the last night.
• Finish the draft a few days earlier to leave time for checking it.
• Ask a friend or a family member to check and comment on your essay. Professional writers write a few drafts of their work, and you, most likely, will have to do the same.
• Work according to your own needs. For example, some people need a plan, while others believe that a formal plan kills inspiration. Find out what is best for you, and act accordingly.
• Write in your own style. It is better to correctly use words that you know, than abuse words that you do not know, in an attempt to sound smarter.
• Make sure that the quotes are given as accurately as possible, including inverted commas, statistics, and theoretical concepts. If in doubt, it’s better to be wrong in quoting than to be accused of not being able to conduct your research, which can lead to accusations of plagiarism.
• Essays written at the last minute, suffer from a lack of logic and poor grammar. Remember that your teacher has read hundreds, if not thousands of student papers, and can easily understand that you wrote an essay at the last minute.

I know that you might still be lost in all these long explanations but bear with me. Here are some useful links you might like to review at Edusson :

• Essay Topic Generator. Do not know how to name your essay? Then this link is just for you. Everything is simple, enter the keywords for your essay and select the category and you’ve got yourself a great title.
• Essay Examples . I know that sometimes you just can’t start writing until you see how it is all supposed to look like. So, here you go – essay examples. Be sure not to rewrite the content, though.
• Essay Checker . One of the most important parts of writing an essay is checking it once it’s done. You might write a great essay in terms of content, but if you have grammar mistakes or your answers are not relating to the questions, say goodbye to your good grade.
• Essay Editing Service . Just to make sure you have not missed anything, use this service. Let a professional do their work.

Writing a good definition essay can be a challenging task. Students often need to pay for papers to be written for such assignments, and it is not always easy to find a reliable source for them. Fortunately, Edusson can provide quality papers and ensure that students get the best results. By using this custom essay writing service, students can be sure that their papers will meet the requirements of their professor and be of the highest quality.

So, that is it. I hope your skills will get even better now. Good luck!

Related posts:

• Narrative Essay: Useful Guidelines for Writing
• Research Paper Writing Help Guide
• How to Write a Critical Thinking Essay: Effective Tips
• How to Structure and Write an Effective Critique Paper

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Critical writing Analyse and evaluate information to develop an argument

In academic writing you will develop an argument or point of view. This will be supported by concrete evidence, in other words reasons, examples, and information from sources. The writing you produce in this way will need to be 'critical writing'. This section looks at critical writing in detail, first by giving a definition of critical writing and considering how to write critically , then by contrasting critical writing with descriptive writing , with some examples . There is also a discussion of how critical writing relates to Bloom's taxonomy of thinking skills , as well as a checklist to help you check critical writing in your own work.

What is critical writing?

Critical writing is writing which analyses and evaluates information, usually from multiple sources, in order to develop an argument. A mistake many beginning writers make is to assume that everything they read is true and that they should agree with it, since it has been published in an academic text or journal. Being part of the academic community, however, means that you should be critical of (i.e. question) what you read, looking for reasons why it should be accepted or rejected, for example by comparing it with what other writers say about the topic, or evaluating the research methods to see if they are adequate or whether they could be improved.

How to write critically

In order to write critically, you need to use a range of sources to develop your argument. You cannot rely solely on your own ideas; you need to understand what others have written about the same topic. Additionally, it is not enough to use just a single source to support your argument, for example a source which agrees with your own view, since this could lead to a biased argument. You need to consider all sides of the issue.

Further, in developing your argument, you need to analyse and evaluate the information from other sources. You cannot just string quotes together (A says this, B says that, C says something else), without looking more deeply at the information and building on it to support your own argument. This means you need to break down the information from other sources to determine how the parts relate to one another or to an overall structure or purpose [ analysing ], and then make judgements about it, identifying its strengths and weaknesses, and possibly 'grey areas' in between, which are neither strengths nor weaknesses [ evaluating ]. Critical reading skills will help you with this, as you consider whether the source is reliable, relevant, up-to-date, and accurate. For example, you might examine the research methods used in an experiment [ analysing ] in order to assess why they were chosen or to determine whether they were appropriate [ evaluating ], or you might deconstruct (break down) a writer's line of reasoning [ analysing ] to see if it is valid or whether there are any gaps [ evaluating ].

As a result of analysis and evaluation, you will be able to give reasons why the conclusions of different writers should be accepted or treated with caution . This will help you to build a clear line of reasoning which will lead up to your own conclusions, and you will be writing critically.

What is descriptive writing?

Critical writing is often contrasted with descriptive writing . Descriptive writing simply describes what something is like. Although you need a critical voice, description is still necessary in your writing, for example to:

• give the background of your research;
• state the theory;
• explain the methods of your experiment;
• give the biography of an important person;
• provide facts and figures about a particular issue;
• outline the history of an event.

You should, however, keep the amount of description to a minimum. Most assignments will have a strict word limit, and you should aim to maximise the amount of critical writing, while minimising the number of words used for description. If your tutors often write comments such as 'Too descriptive' or 'Too much theory' or 'More analysis needed', you know you need to adjust the balance.

Examples of descriptive vs. critical writing

The following table gives some examples to show the difference between descriptive and critical writing. The verbs in bold are key verbs according to Bloom's taxonomy , considered next.

Relationship to Bloom's Taxonomy

Bloom’s Taxonomy was developed in 1956 by Benjamin Bloom, an educational psychologist working at the University of Chicago. It classifies the thinking behaviours that are believed to be important in the processes of learning. It was developed in three domains, with the cognitive domain, i.e. the knowledge based domain, consisting of six levels. The taxonomy was revised in 2001 by Anderson and Krathwohl, to reflect more recent understanding of educational processes. Their revised taxonomy also consists of six levels, arranged in order from lower order thinking skills to higher order thinking skills, namely: remembering, understanding, applying, analysing, evaluating, and creating.

Bloom's revised taxonomy is relevant since analysing and evaluating , which form the basis of critical writing, are two of the higher order thinking skills in the taxonomy. Descriptive writing, by contrast, is the product of remembering and understanding , the two lowest order thinking skills. The fact that critical writing uses higher order thinking skills is one of the main reasons this kind of writing is expected at university.

The table below gives more details about each of the levels, including a description and some keys verbs associated with each level. Although the verbs are intended for the design of learning outcomes, they are nonetheless representative of the kind of work involved at each level, and are therefore relevant to academic writing.

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Below is a checklist for critical writing. Use it to check your own writing, or get a peer (another student) to help you.

Academic Phrasebank , The University of Manchester (2020) Being Critical . Available at: http://www.phrasebank.manchester.ac.uk/being-critical/ (Accessed: 11 September, 2020).

Churches, A. (n.d.) Bloom’s Digital Taxonomy . Available at: https://edorigami.edublogs.org/blooms-digital-taxonomy/ (Accessed: 1 September, 2020).

Colorado College (n.d.) Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy . Available at: https://www.coloradocollege.edu/other/assessment/how-to-assess-learning/learning-outcomes/blooms-revised-taxonomy.html (Accessed: 1 September, 2020).

Cottrell, S. (2013) The Study Skills Handbook (4th ed.) . Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan

Shabatura, J. (2013) Using Bloom’s Taxonomy to Write Effective Learning Objectives . Available at: https://tips.uark.edu/using-blooms-taxonomy/ (Accessed: 1 September, 2020).

Sheffield Halam University (2020) Critical Writing . Available at: https://libguides.shu.ac.uk/criticalwriting (Accessed: 1 September, 2020).

Teesside University (2020). Critical Writing: Help . Available at: https://libguides.tees.ac.uk/critical_writing (Accessed: 11 September, 2020).

University of Hull (2020) Critical writing: Descriptive vs critical . Available at: https://libguides.hull.ac.uk/criticalwriting/descriptive-critical (Accessed: 11 September, 2020).

University of Leicester (2009) What is critical writing . Available at: http://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/ld/resources/writing/writing-resources/critical-writing (Access date: 8/12/14).

Wilson, L.O. (2020) Bloom’s Taxonomy Revised . Available at: https://thesecondprinciple.com/essential-teaching-skills/blooms-taxonomy-revised/ (Accessed: 1 September, 2020).

Yale University (2017) Bloom’s Taxonomy . Available at: https://poorvucenter.yale.edu/BloomsTaxonomy (Accessed: 1 September, 2020).

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Find out about research skills in the next section.

• Research skills

Previous section

Go back to the previous section about writing objectively .

• Objectivity

Author: Sheldon Smith    ‖    Last modified: 06 January 2022.

Sheldon Smith is the founder and editor of EAPFoundation.com. He has been teaching English for Academic Purposes since 2004. Find out more about him in the about section and connect with him on Twitter , Facebook and LinkedIn .

Compare & contrast essays examine the similarities of two or more objects, and the differences.

Cause & effect essays consider the reasons (or causes) for something, then discuss the results (or effects).

Discussion essays require you to examine both sides of a situation and to conclude by saying which side you favour.

Problem-solution essays are a sub-type of SPSE essays (Situation, Problem, Solution, Evaluation).

Transition signals are useful in achieving good cohesion and coherence in your writing.

Reporting verbs are used to link your in-text citations to the information cited.

How to Write a Critical Essay

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• B.A., American Studies, Yale University

A critical essay is a form of academic writing that analyzes, interprets, and/or evaluates a text. In a critical essay, an author makes a claim about how particular ideas or themes are conveyed in a text, then supports that claim with evidence from primary and/or secondary sources.

In casual conversation, we often associate the word "critical" with a negative perspective. However, in the context of a critical essay, the word "critical" simply means discerning and analytical. Critical essays analyze and evaluate the meaning and significance of a text, rather than making a judgment about its content or quality.

What Makes an Essay "Critical"? 

Imagine you've just watched the movie "Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory." If you were chatting with friends in the movie theater lobby, you might say something like, "Charlie was so lucky to find a Golden Ticket. That ticket changed his life." A friend might reply, "Yeah, but Willy Wonka shouldn't have let those raucous kids into his chocolate factory in the first place. They caused a big mess."

These comments make for an enjoyable conversation, but they do not belong in a critical essay. Why? Because they respond to (and pass judgment on) the raw content of the movie, rather than analyzing its themes or how the director conveyed those themes.

On the other hand, a critical essay about "Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory" might take the following topic as its thesis: "In 'Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory,' director Mel Stuart intertwines money and morality through his depiction of children: the angelic appearance of Charlie Bucket, a good-hearted boy of modest means, is sharply contrasted against the physically grotesque portrayal of the wealthy, and thus immoral, children."

This thesis includes a claim about the themes of the film, what the director seems to be saying about those themes, and what techniques the director employs in order to communicate his message. In addition, this thesis is both supportable  and  disputable using evidence from the film itself, which means it's a strong central argument for a critical essay .

Characteristics of a Critical Essay

Critical essays are written across many academic disciplines and can have wide-ranging textual subjects: films, novels, poetry, video games, visual art, and more. However, despite their diverse subject matter, all critical essays share the following characteristics.

• Central claim . All critical essays contain a central claim about the text. This argument is typically expressed at the beginning of the essay in a thesis statement , then supported with evidence in each body paragraph. Some critical essays bolster their argument even further by including potential counterarguments, then using evidence to dispute them.
• Evidence . The central claim of a critical essay must be supported by evidence. In many critical essays, most of the evidence comes in the form of textual support: particular details from the text (dialogue, descriptions, word choice, structure, imagery, et cetera) that bolster the argument. Critical essays may also include evidence from secondary sources, often scholarly works that support or strengthen the main argument.
• Conclusion . After making a claim and supporting it with evidence, critical essays offer a succinct conclusion. The conclusion summarizes the trajectory of the essay's argument and emphasizes the essays' most important insights.

Tips for Writing a Critical Essay

Writing a critical essay requires rigorous analysis and a meticulous argument-building process. If you're struggling with a critical essay assignment, these tips will help you get started.

• Practice active reading strategies . These strategies for staying focused and retaining information will help you identify specific details in the text that will serve as evidence for your main argument. Active reading is an essential skill, especially if you're writing a critical essay for a literature class.
• Read example essays . If you're unfamiliar with critical essays as a form, writing one is going to be extremely challenging. Before you dive into the writing process, read a variety of published critical essays, paying careful attention to their structure and writing style. (As always, remember that paraphrasing an author's ideas without proper attribution is a form of plagiarism .)
• Resist the urge to summarize . Critical essays should consist of your own analysis and interpretation of a text, not a summary of the text in general. If you find yourself writing lengthy plot or character descriptions, pause and consider whether these summaries are in the service of your main argument or whether they are simply taking up space.
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Critical Essay Writing

Critical Essay - A Step by Step Guide & Examples

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A Comprehensive List of 260+ Inspiring Critical Essay Topics

Critical Essay Outline - Writing Guide With Examples

Many students find it tough to write a good critical essay because it's different from other essays. Understanding the deeper meanings in literature and creating a strong essay can be tricky.

This confusion makes it hard for students to analyze and explain literary works effectively. They struggle to create essays that show a strong understanding of the topic.

But don't worry! This guide will help. It gives step-by-step instructions, examples, and tips to make writing a great critical essay easier. By learning the key parts and looking at examples, students can master the skill of writing these essays.

• 1. Critical Essay Definition
• 2. Techniques in Literary Critical Essays
• 3. How to Write a Critical Essay?
• 4. Critical Essay Examples
• 5. Critical Essay Topics
• 6. Tips For Writing a Critical Essay

Critical Essay Definition

A critical is a form of analytical essay that analyzes, evaluates, and interprets a piece of literature, movie, book, play, etc. 

The writer signifies the meaning of the text by claiming the themes. The claims are then supported by facts using primary and secondary sources of information.

What Makes An Essay Critical?

People often confuse this type of essay with an argumentative essay. It is because they both deal with claims and provide evidence on the subject matter. 

An argumentative essay uses evidence to persuade the reader. On the other hand, a critical analysis essay discusses the themes, analyzes, and interprets them for its audience. 

Here are the key characteristics of a critical essay:

• Looking Beyond the Surface: In a critical essay, it's not just about summarizing. It goes deeper, looking into the hidden meanings and themes of the text.
• Sharing Opinions with Evidence: It's not only about what you think. You need to back up your ideas with proof from the text or other sources.
• Examining from Different Angles: A critical essay doesn't just focus on one side. It looks at different viewpoints and examines things from various perspectives.
• Finding Strengths and Weaknesses: It's about discussing what's good and what's not so good in the text or artwork. This helps in forming a balanced opinion.
• Staying Objective: Instead of being emotional, it stays fair and objective, using facts and examples to support arguments.
• Creating a Strong Argument: A critical essay builds a strong argument by analyzing the content and forming a clear opinion that's well-supported.
• Analyzing the 'Why' and 'How': It's not just about what happens in the text but why it happens and how it influences the overall meaning.

Techniques in Literary Critical Essays

Analyzing literature involves a set of techniques that form the backbone of literary criticism. Let's delve into these techniques, providing a comprehensive understanding before exploring illustrative examples:

Formalism in literary criticism directs attention to the inherent structure, style, and linguistic elements within a text. It is concerned with the way a work is crafted, examining how literary devices contribute to its overall impact.

Example: In Emily Brontë's "Wuthering Heights," a formalist analysis might emphasize the novel's intricate narrative structure and the use of Gothic elements.

Psychoanalytic Criticism

Psychoanalytic Criticism delves into the psychological motivations and subconscious elements of characters and authors. It often draws on psychoanalytic theories, such as those developed by Sigmund Freud, to explore the deeper layers of the human psyche reflected in literature.

Example: In "Orlando," Virginia Woolf employs psychoanalytic elements to symbolically explore identity and gender fluidity. The protagonist's centuries-spanning transformation reflects Woolf's subconscious struggles, using fantasy as a lens to navigate psychological complexities.

Feminist Criticism

Feminist Criticism evaluates how gender roles, stereotypes, and power dynamics are portrayed in literature. It seeks to uncover and challenge representations that may perpetuate gender inequalities or reinforce stereotypes.

Example: Applying feminist criticism to Charlotte Perkins Gilman's "The Yellow Wallpaper" involves scrutinizing the representation of women's mental health and societal expectations.

Marxist Criticism

Marxist Criticism focuses on economic and social aspects, exploring how literature reflects and critiques class structures. It examines how power dynamics, societal hierarchies, and economic systems are portrayed in literary works.

Example: Analyzing George Orwell's "Animal Farm" through a Marxist lens involves examining its allegorical representation of societal class struggles.

Cultural Criticism

Cultural Criticism considers the cultural context and societal influences shaping the creation and reception of literature. It examines how cultural norms, values, and historical contexts impact the meaning and interpretation of a work.

Example: Cultural criticism of Chinua Achebe's "Things Fall Apart" may delve into the impact of colonialism on African identity.

Postcolonial Criticism

Postcolonial Criticism examines the representation of colonial and postcolonial experiences in literature. It explores how authors engage with and respond to the legacy of colonialism, addressing issues of identity, cultural hybridity, and power.

Example: A postcolonial analysis of Salman Rushdie's "Midnight's Children" may explore themes of identity and cultural hybridity.

Understanding these techniques provides a comprehensive toolkit for navigating the diverse landscape of literary criticism.

How to Write a Critical Essay?

Crafting a critical essay involves a step-by-step process that every student can follow to create a compelling piece of analysis.

Step 1: Explore the Subject in Depth

Start by diving into the primary subject of the work. When critically reading the original text, focus on identifying key elements:

• Main themes: Discover the central ideas explored in the work.
• Different features: Examine the distinctive components and specific details in the story.
• Style: Observe the techniques and writing style  used to persuade the audience.
• Strengths and weaknesses: Evaluate notable aspects and potential shortcomings.

Step 2: Conduct Research

To support your insights, conduct thorough research using credible sources. 

Take detailed notes as you read, highlighting key points and interesting quotes. Also make sure you’re paying attention to the specific points that directly support and strengthen your analysis of the work. 

Step 3: Create an Outline

After you have gathered the sources and information, organize what you have in an outline. This will serve as a roadmap for your writing process, ensuring a structured essay.

Here is a standard critical essay outline:

Make sure to structure and organize your critical essay with this in-depth guide on creating a critical essay outline !

Step 4: Develop Your Thesis Statement

Create a strong thesis statement encapsulating your stance on the subject. This statement will guide the content in the body sections.

A good thesis keeps your essay clear and organized, making sure all your points fit together. To make a strong thesis, first, be clear about what main idea you want to talk about. Avoid being vague and clearly state your key arguments and analysis. 

Here's what a typical thesis statement for a critical essay looks like:

"In [Title/Author/Work], [Your Main Claim] because [Brief Overview of Reasons/Key Points] . Through a focused analysis of [Specific Aspects or Elements] , this essay aims to [Purpose of the Critical Examination] ."

Step 5: Decide on Supporting Material

While reading the text, select compelling pieces of evidence that strongly support your thesis statement. Ask yourself:

• Which information is recognized by authorities in the subject?
• Which information is supported by other authors?
• Which information best defines and supports the thesis statement?

Step 6: Include an Opposing Argument

Present an opposing argument that challenges your thesis statement. This step requires you critically read your own analysis and find counterarguments so you can refute them.

This not only makes your discussion richer but also makes your own argument stronger by addressing different opinions. 

Step 7:  Critical Essay Introduction

Begin your critical essay with an introduction that clearly suggests the reader what they should expect from the rest of the essay. Here are the essential elements of an introduction paragraph:

• Hook: Start with a compelling opening line that captivates your reader's interest.
• Background Information: Provide essential context to ensure your readers grasp the subject matter. Add brief context of the story that contributes to a better understanding.
• Thesis Statement: Conclude with a clear thesis statement, summarizing the core argument of your critical essay. This serves as a roadmap, guiding the reader through the main focus of your analysis.

Step 8: Critical Essay Body Paragraphs

The body presents arguments and supporting evidence. Each paragraph starts with a topic sentence, addressing a specific idea. Use transitional words to guide the reader seamlessly through your analysis.

Here’s the standard format for a critical essay body paragraph:

• Topic Sentence: Introduces the central idea of the paragraph, acting as a roadmap for the reader.
• Analysis: Objectively examines data, facts, theories, and approaches used in the work.
• Evaluation: Assesses the work based on earlier claims and evidence, establishing logical consistency.
• Relate Back to Topic Sentence: Reinforces how the analyzed details connect to the main idea introduced at the beginning of the paragraph.
• Transition: Creates a seamless transition from one body paragraph to the next.

Step 9: Critical Essay Conclusion

Summarize your key points in the conclusion. Reiterate the validity of your thesis statement, the main point of your essay. 

Finally, offer an objective analysis in your conclusion. Look at the broader picture and discuss the larger implications or significance of your critique. Consider how your analysis fits into the larger context and what it contributes to the understanding of the subject.

Step 10: Proofread and Edit

Allocate time for meticulous revision. Scrutinize your essay for errors. Rectify all mistakes to ensure a polished academic piece.

Following these steps will empower you to dissect a work critically and present your insights persuasively.

Critical Essay Examples

Writing a critical essay about any theme requires you take on different approaches. Here are some examples of critical essays about literary works and movies exploring different themes:

Critical Essay About A Movie

Equality By Maya Angelou Critical Essay

Higher English Critical Essay

Analysis Critical Essay Example

Critical Essay on Joseph Conrad's Heart Of Darkness

Critical Essay On Tess Of The d'Urbervilles

Critical Essay Topics

A strong critical essay topic is both interesting and relevant, encouraging in-depth analysis and unique perspectives.

A good critical essay topic tackles current issues, questions established ideas, and has enough existing literature for thorough research. Here are some critical analysis topic:

• The Representation of Diversity in Modern Literature
• Impact of Social Media on Character Relationships in Novels
• Challenging Stereotypes: Gender Portrayal in Contemporary Fiction
• Exploring Economic Disparities in Urban Novels
• Postcolonial Themes in Global Literature
• Mental Health Narratives: Realism vs. Romanticism
• Ecocriticism: Nature's Role in Classic Literature
• Unveiling Power Struggles in Family Dynamics in Literary Works
• Satire and Political Commentary in Modern Fiction
• Quest for Identity: Coming-of-Age Novels in the 21st Century

Need more topic ideas? Check out these interesting and unique critical essay topics and get inspired!

Tips For Writing a Critical Essay

Become a skilled critical essay writer by following these practical tips:

• Dig deep into your topic. Understand themes, characters, and literary elements thoroughly.
• Think about different opinions to make your argument stronger and show you understand the whole picture.
• Get information from reliable places like books, academic journals, and experts to make your essay more trustworthy.
• Make a straightforward and strong statement that sums up your main point.
• Support your ideas with solid proof from the text or other sources. Use quotes, examples, and references wisely.
• Keep a neutral and academic tone. Avoid sharing too many personal opinions and focus on analyzing the facts.
• Arrange your essay logically with a clear beginning, middle, and end. Make sure your ideas flow well.
• Go beyond just summarizing. Think deeply about the strengths, weaknesses, and overall impact of the work.
• Read through your essay multiple times to fix mistakes and make sure it's clear. A well-edited essay shows you care about the details.

You can use these tips to make your critical essays more insightful and well-written. Now that you have this helpful guide, you can start working on your critical essay. 

If it seems too much, no worries. Our essay writing service is here to help. 

Our experienced writers can handle critical essays on any topic, making it easier for you. Just reach out, and we've got your back throughout your essay journey.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many paragraphs is a critical essay.

Keep in mind that every sentence should communicate the point. Every paragraph must support your thesis statement either by offering a claim or presenting an argument, and these are followed up with evidence for success! Most critical essays will have three to six paragraphs unless otherwise specified on examinations so make sure you follow them closely if applicable.

Can critical essays be in the first person?

The critical essay is an informative and persuasive work that stresses the importance of your argument. You need to support any claims or observations with evidence, so in order for it to be most effective, you should avoid using first-person pronouns like I/me when writing this type of paper.

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Critical Essay

A critical essay, subjectively speaking, is one of the most fun and easy essays to make because it gives you the chance to express your most honest opinions regarding a literary piece, a work of art, a film, or a piece of music. Critical essays have a high consideration for the perspective of its audience. It revolves around the importance of analysis and interpretation of the subject at hand by placing it on a much broader context.

Critical essay is a form of academic writing. It includes an argumentative thesis that summarizes the author’s main point. It would also contain textual evidences that can support the interpretation and serve as supporting information to give credibility to the assumptions. You may also see essay writing examples.

The main objective of a critical essay is to analyze, interpret, and evaluate a subject. It starts by the author expressing his claims and validating them by providing citations from primary and secondary sources.

Although the word  critical  or  criticize  denotes a negative action, criticizing an object or a text for a critical essay only means that you are taking the topic limb by limb to be able to study its many unique aspects which can only lead to thorough understanding. You may also like short essay examples & samples.

Critical essay can also open novel ways on how to approach the topic which can lead to further appreciation of it. It doesn’t seek to judge the content or the quality of the topic under study, but it assesses it instead to give way to interpreting its meaning and grasping its significance. You may also check out concept essay examples.

Critical Reflective Essay Template

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Critical Essay on Joseph Conrad’s “Heart of Darkness”

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Poetry Analysis Essay Template

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Sample Body Paragraph of a Critical Essay

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Characteristics of a Critical Essay

Students are made to write critical essays on a variety of topics. These may include poetry, novels, films, paintings, even video games, newspaper or magazine articles, and speeches. But regardless of the subject it handles, a critical essay shares the same characteristics.

1. A critical essay has a central claim.

A claim or an assumption is the very reason why a critical essay is born—because the author of the essay has a point he wants to make. The essay would begin with a thesis statement, which would contain the writer’s claim, and the rest of the essay’s body would be created to support and prove that general statement . Authors can also choose to present possible counterarguments in their essays and present more evidences to kill these oppositions and strengthen the point they are trying to prove to be true.

2. A critical essay has evidences, and primary and secondary sources.

This characteristic is the dominant aspect of an essay. The author would need as much evidence as he can gather to strengthen his chances of proving his claim. He can quote lines from the text he is writing about; he can specify the themes used; he can discuss imagism and metaphors used; he can objectify the structure and the dialogues; he can even use the choice of words used to back his claim. You may also see student essay examples & samples.

Critical essays may also cite outside sources if it can help him support his assumption. These citations may come from books, articles, essays, and other scholarly texts.

3. A critical essay has a conclusion.

In writing a critical essay, the author has two goals: to make a claim and to arrive at a conclusion. Making a claim would start the simple essay  and a conclusion would mean that that claim has been proven. A conclusion can be two paragraphs at the most. The first of which can serve as an introduction before the final close if the author wants to discuss a few things before finishing off.

The second paragraph, often the only one in most critical essays, summarizes the discussions made in the body and highlights the most important insights.

Writing a Critical Analysis Guidelines

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Rubric for Writing a Critical Essay

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Sample Critical Essay

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Critical Essay on Tess of the d’Urbervilles

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Steps in Writing a Critical Essay

1. read and study the topic of your essay..

If you were asked to write a critical essay about  The Canterbury Tales , make sure that you are familiar with the material. It would be helpful if you have read the piece (preferably the translated version) and thoroughly understood what it was about.

A careful study of the characters and the themes while reading would also be helpful to help you understand the book better. Take notes as you go along so that you won’t have to waste time skimming the pages if you’ve forgotten a character’s name or what happened in a specific scene. You may also see essay writing examples & samples.

2. Conduct further research.

This step is important because it will help you find secondary sources that can serve as your evidence. Your research may also help you locate articles and effective essays written about your topic which can give you new insights about the material. It is also vital that you check the credibility of your sources. Make sure that the information it contains is correct, and that the author has, at least, an academic background that makes him eligible to be a source for an academic paper.

3. Create a thesis statement.

Once you have read the material and conducted additional research about it, what is it about the material that you want your essay to focus on? Perhaps you want to write about “The Miller”, or The Narrator . A critical essay would be easier and more enjoyable if you write about a character, an idea, or a concept you are most intrigued about. You may also like self-introduction essay examples & samples.

Your thesis statement should be able to effectively summarize the claim you are trying to make. It can either be one or two sentences long. Be specific in writing your thesis statement. It should not include vague descriptions such as “It was good” or “I liked it.” You should specify exactly which parts and why. The reader of your critical essay should understand exactly where you are coming from by simply reading your thesis statement .

4. Draft your ideas.

By this time, you should have enough information to work with since you have already read the material and conducted research about it. Before writing your critical essay, or any essay at all, create a rough outline of the details you think can prove your claim.

Is there a certain line in the text that you can use as your evidence? Or have you discovered another published academic writer that has the same opinions about the material as you? These information can serve as your claim’s support, so it is important that you arrange them in a way that they can compliment and continue each other’s message at the same time. You may also like analytical essay examples.

5. Begin your essay with an interesting line.

The beginning of your paper is your only chance to create a first impression and to grab the attention of your audiences. It should be engaging enough that your readers wouldn’t want to stop reading until they finished listening to what you have to say. Don’t start with clichés that have long ago lost their luster. Begin with an anecdote perhaps, or a particularly emotional line from the material you are writing about. You may also check out personal essay examples.

6. Give your readers enough context about the material.

In writing an effective critical essay, you need to assume that your readers know nothing or, at least, close to nothing about the material. So you should establish enough context for them to start with. After you have introduced your thesis statement, discuss a little about the material you are criticizing. Include only the pivotal details. Otherwise, your critical essay will look more like a general summary than anything else.

7. Incorporate your evidences and supporting arguments into the body of your essay.

Once you have introduced your readers to your thesis statement and given them a short review of the material, it is now your chance to prove your point. Lay down your evidences as organized as you can, and expound on them. Searching for evidences that can support your claim and assimilating them into your essay’s body is easy. But actually convincing people of their truth? There lies the challenge. You might be interested in high school essay examples.

The key to making your evidences and arguments believable and persuasive is to combine logic and emotion at the same time.

Your evidences should be as tangible as possible. They should be seen and read by your audience themselves, otherwise, they may not believe it. You can persuade your audience by presenting data and statistics and analogies. But they will be moved by you if you incorporate sentiments into your arguments. You may also see literary essay examples.

Create vivid scenarios and descriptive sentences, and let your reader’s feelings convince him of the truth in your words.

8. Let your conclusion be unforgettable.

Once you have finished your paper’s body, all you are left to do is to finish it up with a conclusion. Give a short summary of the important things you have discussed. You may also choose to explain the relevance of your claim to your reader, or present new questions that your reader can ruminate on. You may also like informative essay examples.

Let your conclusion ring in the minds of your audience by presenting it in a way that they will not forget. This is how you will know that your paper actually accomplished something.

Critical Essay Example

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Critical Essay Citation Format

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Tips in Writing Your First Critical Essay

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Important Tips to Remember When Writing a Critical Essay

1. Although your opinions and feelings about your topic is a big factor to be considered, you should avoid expressing it if you do not have any evidence to support it. A critical essay is meant to be informative, which means that all claims should be backed up by a credible evidence and not simply stated because it strikes the author’s fancy. You may also see academic essay examples .

2. Criticizing a piece of work does not mean that you are personally attacking its creator. It is only that you are being evaluative toward his work, and this may not always produce opinions that are flattering, but at least they are products of a careful study and not just subjectivity. You may also like sample essay outlines .

3. Your critical essay should teach your audience something new. Whether it is a new perspective, or a fresh idea, or a life lesson, they should have something useful to take from your paper.

4. Your tone in writing your critical essay should be objective and serious. Although you can use a lighter, more humorous tone, this may not always be acceptable for certain topics. You may also check out scholarship essay examples.

5. Be specific about the points you are making. This can make supporting it easier. If you give vague claims, you can also only provide vague evidences, and this will not make a well-structured and effective critical essay.

6. Quote and cite lines from the text itself. This is often the easiest and strongest support you can have for your arguments. For example, you are trying to make a point about a character’s main flaw. You can quote a scene or a line from the text to prove it. You might be interested in travel essay examples.

7. Focus on a particular aspect of the subject, like its theme or its plot, instead of looking at it as a whole. This can make criticizing it difficult since there are many angles you should consider. Emphasize only one or two main points so you can focus on it. You may also see descriptive essay examples.

Writing a critical essay gives us the chance to look at things from a different point of view. Often, we get caught up in looking at things through everybody’s eyes. Critical essays are a fresh break from that. It helps us realize that there truly is more than meets the eye, and we can only discover that if we do more than look.

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Prepare a critical essay on the moral implications of artificial intelligence.

Write a critical essay analyzing the concept of leadership in "Lord of the Flies".

33 Critical Analysis Examples

Critical analysis refers to the ability to examine something in detail in preparation to make an evaluation or judgment.

It will involve exploring underlying assumptions, theories, arguments, evidence, logic, biases, contextual factors, and so forth, that could help shed more light on the topic.

In essay writing, a critical analysis essay will involve using a range of analytical skills to explore a topic, such as:

• Evaluating sources
• Exploring strengths and weaknesses
• Exploring pros and cons
• Questioning and challenging ideas
• Comparing and contrasting ideas

If you’re writing an essay, you could also watch my guide on how to write a critical analysis essay below, and don’t forget to grab your worksheets and critical analysis essay plan to save yourself a ton of time:

Grab your Critical Analysis Worksheets and Essay Plan Here

Critical Analysis Examples

1. exploring strengths and weaknesses.

Perhaps the first and most straightforward method of critical analysis is to create a simple strengths-vs-weaknesses comparison.

Most things have both strengths and weaknesses – you could even do this for yourself! What are your strengths? Maybe you’re kind or good at sports or good with children. What are your weaknesses? Maybe you struggle with essay writing or concentration.

If you can analyze your own strengths and weaknesses, then you understand the concept. What might be the strengths and weaknesses of the idea you’re hoping to critically analyze?

Strengths and weaknesses could include:

• Does it seem highly ethical (strength) or could it be more ethical (weakness)?
• Is it clearly explained (strength) or complex and lacking logical structure (weakness)?
• Does it seem balanced (strength) or biased (weakness)?

You may consider using a SWOT analysis for this step. I’ve provided a SWOT analysis guide here .

2. Evaluating Sources

Evaluation of sources refers to looking at whether a source is reliable or unreliable.

This is a fundamental media literacy skill .

Steps involved in evaluating sources include asking questions like:

• Who is the author and are they trustworthy?
• Is this written by an expert?
• Is this sufficiently reviewed by an expert?
• Is this published in a trustworthy publication?
• Are the arguments sound or common sense?

For more on this topic, I’d recommend my detailed guide on digital literacy .

3. Identifying Similarities

Identifying similarities encompasses the act of drawing parallels between elements, concepts, or issues.

In critical analysis, it’s common to compare a given article, idea, or theory to another one. In this way, you can identify areas in which they are alike.

Determining similarities can be a challenge, but it’s an intellectual exercise that fosters a greater understanding of the aspects you’re studying. This step often calls for a careful reading and note-taking to highlight matching information, points of view, arguments or even suggested solutions.

Similarities might be found in:

• The key themes or topics discussed
• The theories or principles used
• The demographic the work is written for or about
• The solutions or recommendations proposed

Remember, the intention of identifying similarities is not to prove one right or wrong. Rather, it sets the foundation for understanding the larger context of your analysis, anchoring your arguments in a broader spectrum of ideas.

Your critical analysis strengthens when you can see the patterns and connections across different works or topics. It fosters a more comprehensive, insightful perspective. And importantly, it is a stepping stone in your analysis journey towards evaluating differences, which is equally imperative and insightful in any analysis.

4. Identifying Differences

Identifying differences involves pinpointing the unique aspects, viewpoints or solutions introduced by the text you’re analyzing. How does it stand out as different from other texts?

To do this, you’ll need to compare this text to another text.

Differences can be revealed in:

• The potential applications of each idea
• The time, context, or place in which the elements were conceived or implemented
• The available evidence each element uses to support its ideas
• The perspectives of authors
• The conclusions reached

Identifying differences helps to reveal the multiplicity of perspectives and approaches on a given topic. Doing so provides a more in-depth, nuanced understanding of the field or issue you’re exploring.

This deeper understanding can greatly enhance your overall critique of the text you’re looking at. As such, learning to identify both similarities and differences is an essential skill for effective critical analysis.

My favorite tool for identifying similarities and differences is a Venn Diagram:

To use a venn diagram, title each circle for two different texts. Then, place similarities in the overlapping area of the circles, while unique characteristics (differences) of each text in the non-overlapping parts.

6. Identifying Oversights

Identifying oversights entails pointing out what the author missed, overlooked, or neglected in their work.

Almost every written work, no matter the expertise or meticulousness of the author, contains oversights. These omissions can be absent-minded mistakes or gaps in the argument, stemming from a lack of knowledge, foresight, or attentiveness.

Such gaps can be found in:

• Missed opportunities to counter or address opposing views
• Failure to consider certain relevant aspects or perspectives
• Incomplete or insufficient data that leaves the argument weak
• Failing to address potential criticism or counter-arguments

By shining a light on these weaknesses, you increase the depth and breadth of your critical analysis. It helps you to estimate the full worth of the text, understand its limitations, and contextualize it within the broader landscape of related work. Ultimately, noticing these oversights helps to make your analysis more balanced and considerate of the full complexity of the topic at hand.

You may notice here that identifying oversights requires you to already have a broad understanding and knowledge of the topic in the first place – so, study up!

7. Fact Checking

Fact-checking refers to the process of meticulously verifying the truth and accuracy of the data, statements, or claims put forward in a text.

Fact-checking serves as the bulwark against misinformation, bias, and unsubstantiated claims. It demands thorough research, resourcefulness, and a keen eye for detail.

Fact-checking goes beyond surface-level assertions:

• Examining the validity of the data given
• Cross-referencing information with other reliable sources
• Scrutinizing references, citations, and sources utilized in the article
• Distinguishing between opinion and objectively verifiable truths
• Checking for outdated, biased, or unbalanced information

If you identify factual errors, it’s vital to highlight them when critically analyzing the text. But remember, you could also (after careful scrutiny) also highlight that the text appears to be factually correct – that, too, is critical analysis.

8. Exploring Counterexamples

Exploring counterexamples involves searching and presenting instances or cases which contradict the arguments or conclusions presented in a text.

Counterexamples are an effective way to challenge the generalizations, assumptions or conclusions made in an article or theory. They can reveal weaknesses or oversights in the logic or validity of the author’s perspective.

Considerations in counterexample analysis are:

• Identifying generalizations made in the text
• Seeking examples in academic literature or real-world instances that contradict these generalizations
• Assessing the impact of these counterexamples on the validity of the text’s argument or conclusion

Exploring counterexamples enriches your critical analysis by injecting an extra layer of scrutiny, and even doubt, in the text.

By presenting counterexamples, you not only test the resilience and validity of the text but also open up new avenues of discussion and investigation that can further your understanding of the topic.

See Also: Counterargument Examples

9. Assessing Methodologies

Assessing methodologies entails examining the techniques, tools, or procedures employed by the author to collect, analyze and present their information.

The accuracy and validity of a text’s conclusions often depend on the credibility and appropriateness of the methodologies used.

Aspects to inspect include:

• The appropriateness of the research method for the research question
• The adequacy of the sample size
• The validity and reliability of data collection instruments
• The application of statistical tests and evaluations
• The implementation of controls to prevent bias or mitigate its impact

One strategy you could implement here is to consider a range of other methodologies the author could have used. If the author conducted interviews, consider questioning why they didn’t use broad surveys that could have presented more quantitative findings. If they only interviewed people with one perspective, consider questioning why they didn’t interview a wider variety of people, etc.

See Also: A List of Research Methodologies

10. Exploring Alternative Explanations

Exploring alternative explanations refers to the practice of proposing differing or opposing ideas to those put forward in the text.

An underlying assumption in any analysis is that there may be multiple valid perspectives on a single topic. The text you’re analyzing might provide one perspective, but your job is to bring into the light other reasonable explanations or interpretations.

Cultivating alternative explanations often involves:

• Formulating hypotheses or theories that differ from those presented in the text
• Referring to other established ideas or models that offer a differing viewpoint
• Suggesting a new or unique angle to interpret the data or phenomenon discussed in the text

Searching for alternative explanations challenges the authority of a singular narrative or perspective, fostering an environment ripe for intellectual discourse and critical thinking . It nudges you to examine the topic from multiple angles, enhancing your understanding and appreciation of the complexity inherent in the field.

A Full List of Critical Analysis Skills

• Exploring Strengths and Weaknesses
• Evaluating Sources
• Identifying Similarities
• Identifying Differences
• Identifying Biases
• Hypothesis Testing
• Fact-Checking
• Exploring Counterexamples
• Assessing Methodologies
• Exploring Alternative Explanations
• Pointing Out Contradictions
• Challenging the Significance
• Cause-And-Effect Analysis
• Assessing Generalizability
• Highlighting Inconsistencies
• Reductio ad Absurdum
• Comparing to Expert Testimony
• Comparing to Precedent
• Reframing the Argument
• Pointing Out Fallacies
• Questioning the Ethics
• Clarifying Definitions
• Challenging Assumptions
• Exposing Oversimplifications
• Highlighting Missing Information
• Demonstrating Irrelevance
• Assessing Effectiveness
• Assessing Trustworthiness
• Recognizing Patterns
• Differentiating Facts from Opinions
• Analyzing Perspectives
• Prioritization
• Making Predictions
• Conducting a SWOT Analysis
• PESTLE Analysis
• Asking the Five Whys
• Correlating Data Points
• Finding Anomalies Or Outliers
• Comparing to Expert Literature
• Drawing Inferences
• Assessing Validity & Reliability

Analysis and Bloom’s Taxonomy

Benjamin Bloom placed analysis as the third-highest form of thinking on his ladder of cognitive skills called Bloom’s Taxonomy .

This taxonomy starts with the lowest levels of thinking – remembering and understanding. The further we go up the ladder, the more we reach higher-order thinking skills that demonstrate depth of understanding and knowledge, as outlined below:

Here’s a full outline of the taxonomy in a table format:

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Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. [Image Descriptor: Photo of Chris]

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2 thoughts on “33 Critical Analysis Examples”

THANK YOU, THANK YOU, THANK YOU! – I cannot even being to explain how hard it has been to find a simple but in-depth understanding of what ‘Critical Analysis’ is. I have looked at over 10 different pages and went down so many rabbit holes but this is brilliant! I only skimmed through the article but it was already promising, I then went back and read it more in-depth, it just all clicked into place. So thank you again!

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How To Write A Critical Essay

Table of Contents

Content of this article

• Purposes of writing
• Preparation process
• Finalizing an essay
• How to choose topic for a critical writing

1. How To Write A Critical Essay

A critical essay seeks to provide an analysis or interpretation of either a book, a piece of art, or a film . A critical essay is not the same as a review because, unlike a review, it encompasses an academic purpose or goal. Students should not just aim at reviewing a book or a film but should have an argument and include scholarly observations within their essays. Contrary to popular belief by a significant portion of students, critical essay writing is not about criticizing or focusing on the negative aspect of analysis. It is possible to have a critical essay that supports an idea or an author’s or director’s view regarding a particular theme. A critical essay is thus an objective analysis of a particular subject whose aim is to analyze the strengths or weaknesses of text, art , or film. The above is of great importance, especially to students who think that critical essays are supposed to focus on the negative aspects of a subject.

The goal or purpose of a critical essay is to provide readers with an explanation or an interpretation of a specific idea or concept that an author, painter, or director included in their work. Additionally, writers can be asked to situate a certain theme in a book or film within a broader context. Essentially, critical essay writing involves weighing up the consistency of an author or director is trying to convey a particular message to their audience. It is thus vital to be keen and observant and note the different feelings as well as emotions conjured within a text, a film, or a painting. Writing a critical paper or criticizing might seem easy at first, but it can also be challenging.

Some of the purposes of a critical essay writing are as shown below:

• Provide an objective account of an author’s, director’s, or painter’s work.
• Analyze the consistency of an author’s work in presenting their ideas.
• Assess the consistency of an author’s work in maintaining and supporting their main argument or idea.
• Present the strengths as well as weaknesses of an article.
• Criticize the work of an author or a painter.

2. Preparation For Writing

Step 1: understand the requirements.

Students are often at fault for starting their essays without clearly understanding the instructor’s requirements. Instead of starting an essay immediately after reading the requirements, it is wise to seek any clarification from the teacher.

Step 2: Familiarize yourself with the primary source

The primary source is the book, film, or painting a student has been asked to write a critical essay about. Here, students are always advised to be careful and note everything within the source for purpose of making their essays better. If asked to write a particular book, film, or painting, students should read the book more than once, watch the film more than once, or look at the painting from different perspectives to understand the underlying themes.

Step 3: Take notes when reading/watching/assessing the primary source

Note-taking is also vital to identifying the different patterns and problems within a text, film, or painting. While reading the text, or watching the movie, it is important to note the important concepts and ideas that an author or director, or painter decided to incorporate into their work. The important points or aspects can indeed be overwhelming, and it is thus essential to ensure none will skip or escape the writer’s mind.

Step 4: Identify the main problems or patterns within a text, movie, or art

After reviewing a text, watching a movie, or keenly analyzing a piece of art and taking notes, the next step is to identify the main problems or patterns that emerge from the notes. While noting the important aspects, certain issues or points are bound to emerge and stand out. Students thus need to be keen and identify these patterns and problems.

Step 5: Find solutions to the identified problems and patterns

The next thing after this is to try and find solutions for the identified problems and patterns. At this point, the writer should be developing their thesis statement and have their perspective clearly outlined .

3. Performing Research

Critical Essay writing is heavily dependent on how much research an individual does. In some instances, students make the mistake of depending on their primary source to write their critical essays. Unless otherwise specified by the instructor, it is always advisable to find other sources to help expand and increase the essay’s depth in content. Secondary sources help to increase an essay’s credibility and thus if needed should always be included.

Finding the right sources can be a problem and students often find themselves at fault for using unreliable sources. It is important to find genuine sources which offer reliable and accurate information lest one’s essay is filled with lies and inaccurate information. Just like how one is advised to take notes while reading or watching the primary source, it is also essential to take notes while going through the secondary sources. The notes help to determine or find patterns and points of correlation between the primary and secondary sources. Understanding the relationship or the connection between the primary and secondary sources is key to writing a decent critical essay. Below are some criteria for choosing the right secondary source:

• Assess the timeliness of the source, that is, how current is the material.
• Accuracy of the information. How reliable is the information within the source?
• Coverage or relevance to the topic under study. Assess whether the material is of any importance or adds any value to the topic.
• Evaluate the source of the information, that is, the author, painter, or director’s credibility.
• Examine the objectivity or purpose of the information presented within a source. Here one assesses the possible bias within a text.

4. Critical Essay Structure

All essays follow a particular standard or format which includes an introduction, body, and conclusion. These parts must be included in an essay to be termed as complete. However, before tackling these sections, it is important first to develop an outline for a critical essay. Critical essay outlining is essential because it provides students with a step-by-step guide to developing their essays.

If, for example, the topic under study is “ the use of ethnic music by mainstream musicians ” the outline should be as shown below:

The Use of Ethnic Music by Mainstream Musicians

Introduction

–    Explain how music keeps changing.

–    Provide a brief description of the use of ethnic music in mainstream music.

–    Pick an artist and explain why their music is of interest in this paper.

–    Assess the change in music production of the artist.

–    Provide an analysis of how the artist has managed to use ethnic music.

–    Include the reception of the music of the above artist and how fans find his music.

–   Restate the argument or thesis statement while also mentioning why the focus was narrowed to the specified artist and their music.

–    Provide a summary of the main points.

Writing a Critical Essay Introduction

An introduction provides a description of the topic under study. While some students like providing a lot of information in the introduction, it is advisable to be brief and direct. An introduction should be specific and short but usher the readers into the topic under study. Readers should be able to determine the writer’s focus or perspective without much fuss or without the need of reading deep into a text.  Background information is true of the essence, and it is thus important to include some information that will help readers to understand the entire essay.

Writing a Thesis Statement for a Critical Essay

A thesis statement reveals the main focus of the essay. Readers need to know the writer’s focus and hence the importance of a thesis statement. On many occasions, students often have flat and simple thesis statements which even though are not against any rules only help to reveal the lack of imagination or research involved. A thesis statement should be argumentative and provide readers with an assurance that they will indeed enjoy what they are reading.

Below are some tips for writing a good thesis statement:

• Always include it in the introduction. A thesis statement should be provided early in the essay.
• Avoid ambiguity and be as clear as possible.
• Cliché sentence structures should be avoided. For example, “The main point of this paper is…” or “The focus of this article will be…”
• Be specific and narrow down the statement’s scope.
• Be original.

Writing a Critical Essay Body

While writing an essay, each sentence in the body should communicate its point. The above is almost a cliché, but it is indeed crucial to being a good critical essay writer. Each paragraph should support the thesis statement by including a claim or an argument and following it up with supporting evidence or sentences. Unless otherwise stated, critical essays should have three to six paragraphs and each of these is supposed to have five to six sentences.

Writing a Critical Essay Conclusion

A critical essay conclusion is not any different from other essay conclusions. When writing a conclusion for a critical essay, one should reiterate their stance or main argument followed by the main supporting arguments or points. Only a summary is needed here, and hence writers are asked to be brief and only include what is necessary. Readers should feel directly linked or impacted by the topic under study. An essay should leave the readers with the need or urge of finding out more about a topic.

5. Finalizing Essay

Once the paper is complete, it is essential to revise, proofread, choose a captivating title, and make appropriate citations. Revising an assignment is important because it helps to clarify the main point as well as ensures the readers’ needs are met. Having a purpose is indeed essential to writing a decent critical essay and it is important to outline it clearly. Proofreading helps one to correct grammatical errors and maintain their stance throughout their essay.

A reader’s interest is always enticed by the title and developing one is indeed an important aspect of an essay. Citations are also of the essence and help to avoid issues of plagiarism. Paraphrasing and in-text citations should hence be taken seriously, lest a student’s work is graded poorly.

6. How to choose a topic for a critical analysis

Choosing a topic can be a challenge. Writers are, however, often advised to select a topic that they are familiar with and that will gift them with enough information to write the entire essay .

Below are some examples of critical essay topics:

• Examine the literary and cultural context of Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart.
• Examine the use of satire in John Oliver’s Last Week Tonight Show.
• How accurate is the assertion that satirical news shows offer people more credible news than some news channels?
• How is the movie 21 Jump Street accurate in its depiction of high school life?
• How does the recent Texas Chainsaw Massacre horror film use the aspect of suspense to create horror?
• What makes/made comedy series such as The Big Bang Theory, Friends, and How I met Your Mother popular?
• What unique features did the directors of The Big Bang Theory, Friends, and How I met Your Mother include that made their shows stand out?
• Video games contribute to a significant reduction in the attention span of both children and adults.
• Adoption of children by gay couples.
• How does exposure to violent videos impact the temperament of young children?
• How is fashion a central part of a person’s identity?
• Analyze the role of women characters in the works of Nathaniel Hawthorne.
• Examine the cultural and historical accuracy of the TV series Merlin.
• How do the director and producer of Merlin make use of humor throughout the TV series?
• Examine how well the Game of Thrones books have been adapted into the TV series Game of Thrones.

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What Is a Critical Analysis Essay: Definition

Have you ever had to read a book or watch a movie for school and then write an essay about it? Well, a critical analysis essay is a type of essay where you do just that! So, when wondering what is a critical analysis essay, know that it's a fancy way of saying that you're going to take a closer look at something and analyze it.

So, let's say you're assigned to read a novel for your literature class. A critical analysis essay would require you to examine the characters, plot, themes, and writing style of the book. You would need to evaluate its strengths and weaknesses and provide your own thoughts and opinions on the text.

Similarly, if you're tasked with writing a critical analysis essay on a scientific article, you would need to analyze the methodology, results, and conclusions presented in the article and evaluate its significance and potential impact on the field.

The key to a successful critical analysis essay is to approach the subject matter with an open mind and a willingness to engage with it on a deeper level. By doing so, you can gain a greater appreciation and understanding of the subject matter and develop your own informed opinions and perspectives. Considering this, we bet you want to learn how to write critical analysis essay easily and efficiently, so keep on reading to find out more!

Meanwhile, if you'd rather have your own sample critical analysis essay crafted by professionals from our custom writings , contact us to buy essays online .

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Critical Analysis Essay Topics by Category

If you're looking for an interesting and thought-provoking topic for your critical analysis essay, you've come to the right place! Critical analysis essays can cover many subjects and topics, with endless possibilities. To help you get started, we've compiled a list of critical analysis essay topics by category. We've got you covered whether you're interested in literature, science, social issues, or something else. So, grab a notebook and pen, and get ready to dive deep into your chosen topic. In the following sections, we will provide you with various good critical analysis paper topics to choose from, each with its unique angle and approach.

Critical Analysis Essay Topics on Mass Media

From television and radio to social media and advertising, mass media is everywhere, shaping our perceptions of the world around us. As a result, it's no surprise that critical analysis essays on mass media are a popular choice for students and scholars alike. To help you get started, here are ten critical essay example topics on mass media:

• The Influence of Viral Memes on Pop Culture: An In-Depth Analysis.
• The Portrayal of Mental Health in Television: Examining Stigmatization and Advocacy.
• The Power of Satirical News Shows: Analyzing the Impact of Political Commentary.
• Mass Media and Consumer Behavior: Investigating Advertising and Persuasion Techniques.
• The Ethics of Deepfake Technology: Implications for Trust and Authenticity in Media.
• Media Framing and Public Perception: A Critical Analysis of News Coverage.
• The Role of Social Media in Shaping Political Discourse and Activism.
• Fake News in the Digital Age: Identifying Disinformation and Its Effects.
• The Representation of Gender and Diversity in Hollywood Films: A Critical Examination.
• Media Ownership and Its Impact on Journalism and News Reporting: A Comprehensive Study.

Critical Analysis Essay Topics on Sports

Sports are a ubiquitous aspect of our culture, and they have the power to unite and inspire people from all walks of life. Whether you're an athlete, a fan, or just someone who appreciates the beauty of competition, there's no denying the significance of sports in our society. If you're looking for an engaging and thought-provoking topic for your critical analysis essay, sports offer a wealth of possibilities:

• The Role of Sports in Diplomacy: Examining International Relations Through Athletic Events.
• Sports and Identity: How Athletic Success Shapes National and Cultural Pride.
• The Business of Sports: Analyzing the Economics and Commercialization of Athletics.
• Athlete Activism: Exploring the Impact of Athletes' Social and Political Engagement.
• Sports Fandom and Online Communities: The Impact of Social Media on Fan Engagement.
• The Representation of Athletes in the Media: Gender, Race, and Stereotypes.
• The Psychology of Sports: Exploring Mental Toughness, Motivation, and Peak Performance.
• The Evolution of Sports Equipment and Technology: From Innovation to Regulation.
• The Legacy of Sports Legends: Analyzing Their Impact Beyond Athletic Achievement.
• Sports and Social Change: How Athletic Movements Shape Societal Attitudes and Policies.

Critical Analysis Essay Topics on Literature and Arts

Literature and arts can inspire, challenge, and transform our perceptions of the world around us. From classic novels to contemporary art, the realm of literature and arts offers many possibilities for critical analysis essays. Here are ten original critic essay example topics on literature and arts:

• The Use of Symbolism in Contemporary Poetry: Analyzing Hidden Meanings and Significance.
• The Intersection of Art and Identity: How Self-Expression Shapes Artists' Works.
• The Role of Nonlinear Narrative in Postmodern Novels: Techniques and Interpretation.
• The Influence of Jazz on African American Literature: A Comparative Study.
• The Complexity of Visual Storytelling: Graphic Novels and Their Narrative Power.
• The Art of Literary Translation: Challenges, Impact, and Interpretation.
• The Evolution of Music Videos: From Promotional Tools to a Unique Art Form.
• The Literary Techniques of Magical Realism: Exploring Reality and Fantasy.
• The Impact of Visual Arts in Advertising: Analyzing the Connection Between Art and Commerce.
• Art in Times of Crisis: How Artists Respond to Societal and Political Challenges.

Critical Analysis Essay Topics on Culture

Culture is a dynamic and multifaceted aspect of our society, encompassing everything from language and religion to art and music. As a result, there are countless possibilities for critical analysis essays on culture. Whether you're interested in exploring the complexities of globalization or delving into the nuances of cultural identity, there's a wealth of topics to choose from:

• The Influence of K-Pop on Global Youth Culture: A Comparative Study.
• Cultural Significance of Street Art in Urban Spaces: Beyond Vandalism.
• The Role of Mythology in Shaping Indigenous Cultures and Belief Systems.
• Nollywood: Analyzing the Cultural Impact of Nigerian Cinema on the African Diaspora.
• The Language of Hip-Hop Lyrics: A Semiotic Analysis of Cultural Expression.
• Digital Nomads and Cultural Adaptation: Examining the Subculture of Remote Work.
• The Cultural Significance of Tattooing Among Indigenous Tribes in Oceania.
• The Art of Culinary Fusion: Analyzing Cross-Cultural Food Trends and Innovation.
• The Impact of Cultural Festivals on Local Identity and Economy.
• The Influence of Internet Memes on Language and Cultural Evolution.

How to Write a Critical Analysis: Easy Steps

When wondering how to write a critical analysis essay, remember that it can be a challenging but rewarding process. Crafting a critical analysis example requires a careful and thoughtful examination of a text or artwork to assess its strengths and weaknesses and broader implications. The key to success is to approach the task in a systematic and organized manner, breaking it down into two distinct steps: critical reading and critical writing. Here are some tips for each step of the process to help you write a critical essay.

Step 1: Critical Reading

Here are some tips for critical reading that can help you with your critical analysis paper:

• Read actively : Don't just read the text passively, but actively engage with it by highlighting or underlining important points, taking notes, and asking questions.
• Identify the author's main argument: Figure out what the author is trying to say and what evidence they use to support their argument.
• Evaluate the evidence: Determine whether the evidence is reliable, relevant, and sufficient to support the author's argument.
• Analyze the author's tone and style: Consider the author's tone and style and how it affects the reader's interpretation of the text.
• Identify assumptions: Identify any underlying assumptions the author makes and consider whether they are valid or questionable.
• Consider alternative perspectives: Consider alternative perspectives or interpretations of the text and consider how they might affect the author's argument.
• Assess the author's credibility : Evaluate the author's credibility by considering their expertise, biases, and motivations.
• Consider the context: Consider the historical, social, cultural, and political context in which the text was written and how it affects its meaning.
• Pay attention to language: Pay attention to the author's language, including metaphors, symbolism, and other literary devices.
• Synthesize your analysis: Use your analysis of the text to develop a well-supported argument in your critical analysis essay.

Step 2: Critical Analysis Writing

Here are some tips for critical analysis writing, with examples:

• Start with a strong thesis statement: A strong critical analysis thesis is the foundation of any critical analysis essay. It should clearly state your argument or interpretation of the text. You can also consult us on how to write a thesis statement . Meanwhile, here is a clear example:
• Weak thesis statement: 'The author of this article is wrong.'
• Strong thesis statement: 'In this article, the author's argument fails to consider the socio-economic factors that contributed to the issue, rendering their analysis incomplete.'
• Use evidence to support your argument: Use evidence from the text to support your thesis statement, and make sure to explain how the evidence supports your argument. For example:
• Weak argument: 'The author of this article is biased.'
• Strong argument: 'The author's use of emotional language and selective evidence suggests a bias towards one particular viewpoint, as they fail to consider counterarguments and present a balanced analysis.'
• Analyze the evidence : Analyze the evidence you use by considering its relevance, reliability, and sufficiency. For example:
• Weak analysis: 'The author mentions statistics in their argument.'
• Strong analysis: 'The author uses statistics to support their argument, but it is important to note that these statistics are outdated and do not take into account recent developments in the field.'
• Use quotes and paraphrases effectively: Use quotes and paraphrases to support your argument and properly cite your sources. For example:
• Weak use of quotes: 'The author said, 'This is important.'
• Strong use of quotes: 'As the author points out, 'This issue is of utmost importance in shaping our understanding of the problem' (p. 25).'
• Use clear and concise language: Use clear and concise language to make your argument easy to understand, and avoid jargon or overly complicated language. For example:
• Weak language: 'The author's rhetorical devices obfuscate the issue.'
• Strong language: 'The author's use of rhetorical devices such as metaphor and hyperbole obscures the key issues at play.'
• Address counterarguments: Address potential counterarguments to your argument and explain why your interpretation is more convincing. For example:
• Weak argument: 'The author is wrong because they did not consider X.'
• Strong argument: 'While the author's analysis is thorough, it overlooks the role of X in shaping the issue. However, by considering this factor, a more nuanced understanding of the problem emerges.'
• Consider the audience: Consider your audience during your writing process. Your language and tone should be appropriate for your audience and should reflect the level of knowledge they have about the topic. For example:
• Weak language: 'As any knowledgeable reader can see, the author's argument is flawed.'
• Strong language: 'Through a critical analysis of the author's argument, it becomes clear that there are gaps in their analysis that require further consideration.'

Master the art of critical analysis with EssayPro . Our team is ready to guide you in dissecting texts, theories, or artworks with depth and sophistication. Let us help you deliver a critical analysis essay that showcases your analytical prowess.

Creating a Detailed Critical Analysis Essay Outline

Creating a detailed outline is essential when writing a critical analysis essay. It helps you organize your thoughts and arguments, ensuring your essay flows logically and coherently. Here is a detailed critical analysis outline from our dissertation writers :

I. Introduction

A. Background information about the text and its author

B. Brief summary of the text

C. Thesis statement that clearly states your argument

II. Analysis of the Text

A. Overview of the text's main themes and ideas

B. Examination of the author's writing style and techniques

C. Analysis of the text's structure and organization

III. Evaluation of the Text

A. Evaluation of the author's argument and evidence

B. Analysis of the author's use of language and rhetorical strategies

C. Assessment of the text's effectiveness and relevance to the topic

IV. Discussion of the Context

A. Exploration of the historical, cultural, and social context of the text

B. Examination of the text's influence on its audience and society

C. Analysis of the text's significance and relevance to the present day

V. Counter Arguments and Responses

A. Identification of potential counterarguments to your argument

B. Refutation of counterarguments and defense of your position

C. Acknowledgement of the limitations and weaknesses of your argument

VI. Conclusion

A. Recap of your argument and main points

B. Evaluation of the text's significance and relevance

C. Final thoughts and recommendations for further research or analysis.

This outline can be adjusted to fit the specific requirements of your essay. Still, it should give you a solid foundation for creating a detailed and well-organized critical analysis essay.

Useful Techniques Used in Literary Criticism

There are several techniques used in literary criticism to analyze and evaluate a work of literature. Here are some of the most common techniques:

• Close reading: This technique involves carefully analyzing a text to identify its literary devices, themes, and meanings.
• Historical and cultural context: This technique involves examining the historical and cultural context of a work of literature to understand the social, political, and cultural influences that shaped it.
• Structural analysis: This technique involves analyzing the structure of a text, including its plot, characters, and narrative techniques, to identify patterns and themes.
• Formalism: This technique focuses on the literary elements of a text, such as its language, imagery, and symbolism, to analyze its meaning and significance.
• Psychological analysis: This technique examines the psychological and emotional aspects of a text, including the motivations and desires of its characters, to understand the deeper meanings and themes.
• Feminist and gender analysis: This technique focuses on the representation of gender and sexuality in a text, including how gender roles and stereotypes are reinforced or challenged.
• Marxist and social analysis: This technique examines the social and economic structures portrayed in a text, including issues of class, power, and inequality.

By using these and other techniques, literary critics can offer insightful and nuanced analyses of works of literature, helping readers to understand and appreciate the complexity and richness of the texts.

Sample Critical Analysis Essay

Now that you know how to write a critical analysis, take a look at the critical analysis essay sample provided by our research paper writers and better understand this kind of paper!

Final Words

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Berpikir kritis adalah sistem penilaian yang kompleks yang membantu menganalisis informasi dan menghasilkan kesimpulan yang valid, menciptakan penilaian terhadap apa yang terjadi, dan menafsirkannya. Dapat dikatakan bahwa pemikiran kritis adalah pemikiran tingkat tinggi, yang memungkinkan untuk mempertanyakan informasi yang masuk. Baca panduan lengkap yang disiapkan oleh kami penulis esai untuk menjadi lebih baik dalam studi.

Berpikir kritis sebagai disiplin akademik didasarkan pada aturan logika formal, teori, dan praktik argumentasi, retorika, dan epistemologi ilmiah (bagian filsafat yang berhubungan dengan instrumen dan keterbatasan kegiatan kognitif).

Setiap manusia memiliki dua cara berpikir: menyerap informasi (seperti spons menyerap air) dan memikirkan informasi (seperti memilah-milah pasir). Sementara seseorang yang menggunakan cara pertama akan berusaha mengingat informasi yang diberikan secara rinci, yang lain akan secara aktif berinteraksi dengan pengetahuan yang diperoleh. Ini tidak berarti bahwa satu cara lebih buruk; Berpikir kritis menggabungkan kedua fitur ini.

Mengembangkan pemikiran kritis itu sulit, karena lebih mudah untuk mengambil posisi teman, keluarga, atau opini publik Anda. Teman-teman Anda mungkin berpikir bahwa vaksin sangat memengaruhi kesehatan anak-anak dan Anda akan berpikir sama, hanya karena teman-teman Anda berpikir begitu. Tetapi jika Anda akan mempelajari informasi yang tersedia tentang masalah ini, Anda dapat mengubah pikiran Anda, atau hanya menegaskan kembali keyakinan.

Seseorang dengan keterampilan berpikir kritis yang dikembangkan akan tahan terhadap manipulasi, kebal terhadap stereotip atau opini publik.

Pendapat itu, bekerja secara mandiri, dapat mengejutkan Anda dengan tak terduga, atau mungkin ternyata diterima secara umum. Anda dapat mengetahui bahwa kesimpulan seperti itu milik para peneliti tertentu atau bahwa mereka telah dinyatakan oleh pemberontak yang menentang dogma mapan.

Apa itu esai berpikir kritis?

Esai pemikiran kritis adalah jenis tulisan yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan analitis Anda. Esai berpikir kritis harus mengajarkan siswa untuk dengan hati-hati membaca teks-teks, memanfaatkan keraguan metodis, menemukan kelemahan pada orang lain dan argumen pribadi, bekerja dengan konsep, dan pikiran yang jelas dan wajar. Dasar dari esai berpikir kritis adalah dengan bertanya dan menjawab pertanyaan yang tepat. Tutor biasanya memperhatikan kualitas teks dan bagaimana seorang siswa mengembangkan argumen tentang masalah tertentu. Bagaimanapun, Anda akan yakin bahwa Anda memiliki posisi sendiri berdasarkan penelitian dan kesimpulan Anda sendiri.

Penulisan esai adalah salah satu latihan terbaik untuk membantu meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis. Ini akan membantu Anda mempelajari cara bekerja secara efektif dengan informasi, menyusunnya, menyaring data yang dipertanyakan, membuat kesimpulan - hanya semuanya terhubung dengan pemikiran kritis. Misalnya, pemikiran kritis dalam penulisan esai akan membantu perawat menganalisis pengalaman mereka, merefleksikan situasi, memecahkan masalah, dan membuat keputusan yang tepat dalam situasi baru.

Untungnya, pemikiran kritis bukanlah organ yang dapat mencapai atrofi. Jika Anda berpikir bahwa Anda memiliki keterampilan berpikir kritis yang rendah, Anda selalu memiliki kemungkinan untuk meningkatkannya sendiri.

Bagaimana memulai esai berpikir kritis

Setiap struktur kebutuhan teks dan fokus, dan pedoman yang konsisten dapat membantu Anda mempertimbangkan semua poin berharga dari esai kritis. Karena setiap tulisan akademik, format esai berpikir kritis terdiri dari pengantar, beberapa paragraf tubuh, dan kesimpulan.

• Pilih masalah atau argumen utama. Di perguruan tinggi Anda mungkin diminta untuk menganalisis secara kritis esai, artikel, pendapat kontroversial, literatur, dll. Jika Anda akan memiliki kesempatan untuk memilih topik sendiri, pastikan itu menarik bagi Anda dan ada banyak informasi yang Anda miliki dapat membaca tentang itu. Pastikan bahwa topiknya tidak terlalu sulit dan Anda akan dapat menghasilkan argumen dasar.
• Kumpulkan informasi dan ingat pengetahuan yang ada. Apa yang sudah Anda ketahui tentang topiknya? Jika topik Anda menganalisis teks tertentu, Anda harus membacanya dengan penuh perhatian dan menunjukkan masalah utama. Sebelum Anda akan mulai membaca, buat daftar pertanyaan yang dapat Anda pertimbangkan saat membaca. Juga, ide yang bagus adalah membuat catatan saat Anda membaca dan secara singkat menuliskan pikiran Anda sendiri.
• Datang dengan pernyataan tesis. Ini berarti Anda perlu datang dengan fokus utama dari makalah Anda. Pernyataan tesis yang baik memberi Anda tujuan yang perlu Anda capai dalam paragraf tubuh.
• Tulis paragraf tubuh. Untuk menulis paragraf ini, Anda harus membuat beberapa tindakan seperti menganalisis materi. Mungkin, Anda memiliki catatan dengan ide-ide yang Anda buat selama penulisan, tetapi untuk menulis Anda perlu membuat analisis mendalam.
• Menganalisis informasi. Bukti, argumen, dan klaim apa yang telah Anda temukan? Identifikasi kelemahan dan kekuatan, menunjukkan hubungan penting.
• Periksa sudut pandang yang berbeda. Untuk penulisan kritis, itu adalah bagian yang penting, karena akan menjadi kesalahan untuk mempertimbangkan sudut pandang tertentu menjadi jelas dan tidak dapat disangkal. Pendekatan semacam itu diperlukan untuk memeriksa dan mengevaluasi pendapat ilmiah tentang topik tersebut.
• Konteks ulasan. Apakah penulis mencoba mendekati topik dari perspektif ideologis? Pertimbangkan fakta bahwa interpretasi Anda sendiri dapat dipengaruhi oleh budaya, ideologi, dan bias lainnya.
• Datang dengan sudut pandang Anda sendiri. Dianjurkan untuk membuat bagian atau sub-ayat tambahan yang didedikasikan untuk pendapat Anda. Anda dapat membayangkan bahwa Anda adalah peserta diskusi dan tugas Anda adalah menjelaskan pendapat Anda dengan bukti. Ingatlah bahwa Anda harus menghindari kata ganti seperti "I" dan "My."
• Datang dengan kesimpulan. Bagaimana Anda dapat mengevaluasi temuan Anda sendiri? Singkat meringkas ide-ide yang Anda buat dalam ikhtisar. Tetapkan pentingnya temuan Anda dan tunjukkan arah yang perlu penelitian lebih lanjut.

Pertanyaan esai berpikir kritis

Apakah kita sering berpikir tentang peran yang dimainkan pertanyaan dalam hidup kita? Anda tidak akan dapat menguasai keterampilan berpikir kritis tanpa mengajukan pertanyaan yang tepat.

Pertanyaan umum untuk pemikiran kritis biasanya dimulai dengan siapa, apa, mengapa, di mana, dan kapan. Pertanyaan yang tepat akan membantu Anda berpikir secara mendalam tentang konteksnya: penyebab dan konsekuensi, menganalisis data yang berbeda, dan menemukan bukti untuk menjelaskan poin Anda. Pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut ini bertujuan untuk membantu siswa untuk mempromosikan pemikiran kritis saat menulis esai.

Pertanyaan tentang perubahan.

- Bagaimana menjadi titik balik untuk b? - Bagaimana X berubah menjadi Y? - Apa konsekuensi dari suatu? - Apa titik awal y?

Pertanyaan yang meminta evaluasi.

- Faktor-faktor apa yang memengaruhi keputusan? - Bagaimana lawan mengkritik ide ini? - Bagaimana cara pendukung membela keputusan? - Bagaimana keputusan dapat diterapkan dalam kondisi lain? - Faktor-faktor apa yang menyebabkan konsekuensi yang tidak biasa?

Pertanyaan yang meminta alasan dan bukti.

- Apa yang bisa menjadi contoh? - Apakah justifikasi ini memadai (cocok, cukup)? - Menurut Anda mengapa ini benar? - Apa yang membuat Anda keyakinan ini? - Apakah Anda punya bukti untuk ini?

Pertanyaan yang meminta sintesis.

- Bagaimana ini bisa dibandingkan? - Opsi mana yang lebih baik? - Apa manfaat dari keputusan ini? - Apa nilainya dan pentingnya? - Apa yang bisa saya rekomendasikan? - Apa yang lebih baik untuk dipikirkan?

Pendekatan terstruktur ini mencerminkan proses yang diatur oleh pemikiran kritis. Pertanyaan-pertanyaan ini memungkinkan kami untuk menantang proses pemikiran tradisional dan membantu menemukan solusi baru.

Topik esai berpikir kritis

Ketika Anda perlu memilih topik untuk esai berpikir kritis sendiri, itu bisa menjadi tugas yang menakutkan. Kita layanan penulisan kertas Para ahli menciptakan daftar topik dengan pertanyaan dan ide yang disarankan yang akan meningkatkan proses penulisan Anda.

• Haruskah asuransi mencakup penyakit yang dihasilkan dari kecanduan narkoba?

Menganalisis beberapa artikel yang terkait dengan topik melalui Internet. Tandai beberapa kutipan yang dapat Anda kutip di esai Anda. Apa sikap pribadi Anda terhadap orang-orang yang menggunakan narkoba? Apa sudut pandang Anda sendiri tentang topik? Tulis esai dari perspektif sudut pandang Anda dan dukung dengan kutipan dari sumber.

• Apa penyebab krisis mata uang di Rusia?

Temukan sumber internet yang relevan dan analisis asal-usul krisis ini dan resolusinya. Apakah Dana Moneter Internasional memberikan intervensi? Apakah krisis berakhir? Bagaimana ekonomi Rusia bereaksi terhadap kesimpulan?

• Perbedaan dan kesamaan apa yang dimiliki lembaga kesejahteraan sosial di Amerika Serikat dan Cina?

Pertama, jelaskan secara singkat perkembangan keseluruhan kesejahteraan sosial dalam konteks budaya dan sejarah. Bandingkan perkembangan institusi kesejahteraan sosial di AS dan Cina. Bagaimana kebijakan pengurangan kemiskinan memengaruhi situasi di Cina? Diskusikan situasi saat ini di AS dan Cina, fokus pada kebijakan sosial AS. Hubungkan hubungan pengurangan kemiskinan dan pengembangan institusi kesejahteraan di Cina.

• Tuliskan refleksi kritis tentang tumbuh dewasa, menganalisis pengalaman pribadi.

Pikirkan tentang diri Anda ketika Anda masih kecil. Kualitas apa yang telah Anda peroleh? Kualitas apa yang hilang? Mengapa? Faktor-faktor apa yang memengaruhi perkembangan Anda? Singkirkan pengalaman Anda dan bagaimana memengaruhi sifat-sifat pribadi Anda.

• Efek apa yang dimiliki oleh para pemimpin dan manajer pada karyawan?

Apa kualitas pemimpin dalam organisasi? Apakah menjadi pemimpin berarti memiliki semacam kekuatan? Apakah pernyataan "semakin banyak daya semakin baik" benar? Alat apa yang digunakan organisasi untuk memanipulasi karyawan? Bagaimana pemimpin bisa dihindari rusak?

• Apakah perawatan yang terjangkau bertindak keputusan yang baik?

Tulis pendapat Anda sendiri tentang tindakan perawatan yang terjangkau. Apa kelemahan dan kekuatan dari tindakan ini? Kembangkan pendapat Anda sendiri, mengingat fakta bahwa Undang-Undang Perawatan yang terjangkau akan mengharuskan banyak orang membeli asuransi atau membayar penalti. Apakah Anda siap membeli asuransi atau mendapatkan denda? Apa yang kamu sukai? Pernahkah Anda menggunakan asuransi kesehatan? Apakah Anda melihat ada akal di dalamnya? Mengapa?

• Bisakah pengujian obat karyawan diperlakukan sebagai pelanggaran privasi pribadi?

Saat ini, narkoba telah menjadi bagian dari kehidupan bagi banyak orang. Ketika sebuah perusahaan ingin menyewa seorang profesional, manajer ingin memastikan bahwa karyawan akan dapat diandalkan dan damai. Mengapa perusahaan memberikan pengujian obat? Bagaimana pengujian ini memengaruhi hubungan antara pekerja dan majikan? Jenis pengujian obat apa yang umum terjadi pada perusahaan? Bagaimana kecanduan narkoba mempengaruhi efisiensi pekerja?

• Bagaimana sekolah mendorong siswa untuk mengembangkan meta-kognisi dan pemikiran kritis?

Pertama, Anda harus menggambarkan apa esensi pemikiran kritis dan meta-kognisi. Bagaimana semua keterampilan ini bisa membantu siswa di sekolah dan lebih jauh dalam hidup? Praktik apa yang harus diterapkan sekolah dalam program? Apakah ada latihan kerja yang dapat dipraktikkan siswa sendiri?

• Bagaimana manajer dapat memengaruhi karyawan yang sukses untuk berperilaku dengan cara tertentu?

Ini keberuntungan murni jika Anda memiliki karyawan yang produktif dan brilian di tim Anda. Bayangkan Anda memiliki beberapa masalah kontroversial yang tidak dapat disetujui oleh karyawan ini atau perilakunya salah dalam beberapa cara. Ada apa strategi psikologis yang dapat mengubah perilaku?

• Mengapa Apple Marketing Special?

Anda dapat memilih beberapa produk dan menganalisis cara pemasar yang digunakan untuk mempromosikan produk tertentu. Strategi apa yang digunakan oleh pemasar apel? Bagaimana mereka memperkenalkan kategori produk baru? Bisakah metode ini dilaksanakan di perusahaan lain? Bagaimana?

• Bagaimana tren modern untuk makan sehat yang memengaruhi industri makanan?

Pilih perusahaan yang berhasil mengadopsi kebijakan makan sehat untuk barang-barang mereka sendiri. Apakah perusahaan berhasil di dalamnya? Apakah itu berhasil? Misalnya, kita dapat membawa McDonald's dengan hamburger latte dan kedelai bebas susu. Apakah produk ini populer? Bagaimana Perusahaan mempromosikan subkategori barang ini?

• Apa pentingnya pemikiran kritis dalam tulisan akademik?

Pertama, Anda perlu mengumpulkan beberapa informasi tentang topik dari artikel, pengalaman Anda sendiri, wawancara, mengamati, dan muncul dengan sudut pandang Anda. Pikirkan tentang daftar hal-hal yang harus dilakukan penulis akademis yang baik untuk menjadi penulis yang sukses. Mengapa ini penting? Bagaimana itu bisa dicapai?

• Bisakah microaggressions lebih dari bias rasial?

Apa itu mikroagresi? Buat penelitian sumber yang tersedia dan tentukan bentuk mikroaggresi dan diskriminasi. Apa perbedaan antara microaggressions di tempat kerja dan pelecehan seksual? Pernahkah Anda menghadapi tindakan microaggression di perguruan tinggi, grup teman, dan media? Jenis agresi apa itu? Apa yang bisa dilakukan masyarakat untuk mengurangi tindakan seperti itu?

• Apa hubungan antara pemikiran kritis dan etika?

Mulailah dengan definisi pemikiran dan etika kritis. Apa langkah-langkah dari proses berpikir kritis? Dengan cara apa Anda dapat menggunakan pemikiran kritis saat belajar dan memecahkan masalah? Lensa etis apa yang Anda sukai dari inventaris lensa etis? Pikirkan tentang bagaimana norma etika pribadi Anda memengaruhi keputusan Anda. Bagaimana etika umumnya mempengaruhi tanggung jawab masyarakat dan profesional?

Saran topik esai berpikir kritis

Jika Anda masih tidak dapat memilih topik, mungkin Anda akan menemukannya dari pertanyaan esai berpikir kritis ini:

• Efek apa yang dimiliki kekerasan pada media pada anak kecil?
• Apa penyebab pernikahan yang tidak bahagia?
• Apa sifat hubungan kerja yang terlibat dalam berbagai bidang "ekonomi manggung"?
• Menganalisis secara kritis pernyataan berikut dari perspektif Marxis: "Mendefinisikan penjahat sebagai hewan dan kesalahan, sebagai musuh negara, memberikan pembenaran untuk memenjarakan mereka di penjara."
• Bagaimana sains sebagai teknik praktis mengubah kehidupan manusia? Bahaya apa yang dimiliki transformasi ini untuk kemanusiaan?
• Apakah hukuman isolasi yang kejam dan tidak biasa?
• Apa sifat politik? Pertimbangkan pengaruhnya terhadap opini publik, partai politik, kegiatan kelompok kepentingan, dan sosialisasi politik.
• Mengapa rantai pasokan global muncul? Mengapa itu penting? Perspektif apa yang dimilikinya?
• Apakah perawat yang menerima pengalaman pendidikan anti-intimidasi kurang bullying?
• Bagaimana penulis mempengaruhi pembaca? Apa pendekatan yang mereka gunakan?
• Status dan hak apa yang dimiliki seorang pekerja wanita di Jepang?
• Perbedaan apa antara beban pembuktian dalam persidangan pidana dan persidangan sipil?
• Menganalisis secara kritis film favorit Anda atau opera sabun.
• Bagaimana stereotip gender mempengaruhi identitas Asia Amerika?
• Apakah Shakespeare dan Montaigne sepakat tentang bagaimana seseorang harus bereaksi terhadap kemalangan? Mengapa atau mengapa tidak?
• Analisis kritis pidato Pekerjaan Steve Jobs. Apakah secara logis terstruktur? Momen kuat apa yang dimilikinya?
• Apa cara terbaik untuk menghilangkan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga? Negara apa yang telah menyelesaikan masalah ini?
• Apakah kecanduan seksual, fenomena "biopsikososial"?
• Harus dibantu bunuh diri (dengan permintaan pasien) ilegal? Mengapa atau mengapa tidak? Jika Anda setuju, metode hukuman apa yang harus diterapkan? Jika tidak, jelaskan posisi Anda secara detail.
• Apa kelebihan dan kekurangannya menjadi seorang vegan?

Contoh esai berpikir kritis

Cara terbaik untuk belajar adalah belajar dari contoh. Anda akan secara signifikan meningkatkan keterampilan menulis Anda jika Anda menggabungkan saran praktis dengan sampel. Salah satu contoh esai berpikir kritis yang dapat Anda baca di bawah ini ditulis oleh seorang penulis profesional untuk menunjukkan kepada Anda bagaimana jenis esai ini mungkin terlihat. Mari kita periksa segera!

Apa penyebab ilmiah kebahagiaan?

Esai ini akan membahas makna kebahagiaan dan apakah ada metode yang terbukti secara ilmiah untuk mencapai kebahagiaan.

Kemanusiaan selalu tertarik pada kebahagiaan. Istilah ini memiliki banyak definisi dan banyak pendekatan psikologi positif modern. Dari sudut pandang ilmiah, kebahagiaan adalah rantai proses kimia dalam tubuh, sebagai akibatnya seseorang jenuh dengan "hormon kebahagiaan."

DFARHUD (2014) Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebahagiaan tergantung pada banyak bahan kimia otak: dopamin, oksitosin, serotonin, endorfin, kortisol, dan melatonin, yang dapat menciptakan perasaan bahagia. Tidak ada pendekatan khusus yang dapat menjaga bahan kimia pada tingkat yang membawa kebahagiaan. Menurut penelitian ini, kita dapat menyimpulkan bahwa penilaian kebahagiaan dan kepuasan subyektif adalah sistem yang kompleks, dan membutuhkan keseimbangan interaksi dan penyeimbang.

Menurut Sato (2015), jika seseorang puas dengan kehidupan dan sering mengalami emosi positif, jumlah materi abu-abu di lobus parietal pada permukaan bagian dalam belahan otak meningkat di bagian leluhur, yang bertanggung jawab atas kesadaran dan memori . Para ilmuwan menganggap bahwa kebahagiaan dapat dicapai melalui meditasi dan pelatihan yang, menurut penelitian, meningkatkan massa materi abu-abu di lobus parietal belahan otak.

Penelitian oleh Lyubomirsky (2005) telah menunjukkan bahwa pikiran dapat mempengaruhi keseimbangan hormon dan bahan kimia. Itu berarti bahwa dengan pemikiran positif seseorang menghasilkan dan memperkuat sinapsis baru di otak yang kemudian meningkatkan fungsi otak. Tetapi ini tidak dapat diterapkan pada mereka yang sudah dalam depresi atau dalam keadaan tertentu yang mengurangi kemampuan untuk berpikir positif.

Banyak artikel neurologis berjanji untuk mengatakan sesuatu tentang kebahagiaan, tetapi pada kenyataannya, menceritakan tentang remunerasi. Psikolog dan ilmuwan masih tidak memiliki resep universal untuk menjadi orang yang bahagia. Ada berbagai tes skrining untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat kebahagiaan, tetapi masalahnya adalah bahwa mereka cukup subyektif. Seiring dengan reaksi otak, kebahagiaan juga tergantung pada genetika, karakter, sistem otak yang mendasarinya; Tidak mungkin untuk mempengaruhi di area otak tertentu atau memberi pil dan membuat seseorang bahagia. Tujuan utama seorang ilmuwan seharusnya tidak menjadi kebahagiaan secara keseluruhan, tetapi bagaimana menggunakan mekanisme psikis dan kegiatan yang dapat meningkatkan tingkat kebahagiaan subjektif secara keseluruhan.

Dfarhud, D., Malmir, M., & Khananmandi, M. (2014). Kebahagiaan & Kesehatan: Faktor biologis - Artikel Tinjauan Sistematik. Jurnal Iran Kesehatan Masyarakat, 43 (11), 1468-1477.

Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005). Manfaat sering berdampak positif: Apakah kebahagiaan mengarah pada kesuksesan? Buletin Psikologis, 131 (6), 803-855.

Sato, W., Kochiyama, T., Uono, S., Kubota, Y., Sawada, R., Yoshimura, S., & Toichi, M. (2015, 20 November). Substrat saraf struktural kebahagiaan subyektif. Diperoleh dari Laporan Ilmiah: https://www.nature.com/articles/srep16891

Anda mungkin juga menyukai contoh esai berpikir kritis lainnya yang dipublikasikan sebelumnya:

Sampel berpikir kritis tentang Los Angeles

Sampel kertas berpikir kritis tentang kemerdekaan yudisial di hong kong, sampel berpikir kritis tentang instruksi bahasa untuk pendatang baru ke kanada, latihan untuk mengembangkan keterampilan berpikir kritis.

Berpikir kritis tidak hanya akan meningkatkan cara Anda menulis esai dan melakukan penelitian. Ini akan membantu Anda membuat keputusan yang tepat dalam kehidupan sehari-hari Anda dan menganalisis situasi yang Anda hadapi di universitas dan bekerja. Berlatihlah setidaknya satu latihan dan Anda pasti akan merasakan manfaat berpikir secara kritis.

1. Buat jurnal.

Biasakan menuliskan pikiran Anda yang didedikasikan untuk topik tertentu. Ubah, misalnya, setiap minggu. Anda dapat mengikuti format ini:

Situasi. Jelaskan situasi secara rinci dan dari berbagai sudut pandang: ilmiah, logis, dan emosional. Reaksi Anda. Jelaskan semua emosi Anda yang disebabkan oleh situasi. Analisis. Pikirkan tentang situasinya dan cobalah untuk mencari tahu apa yang telah terjadi dan mengapa. Cobalah untuk sampai ke bagian bawahnya. Evaluasi. Cobalah untuk mengevaluasi teks yang telah Anda tulis di atas. Apa yang dapat Anda lakukan untuk meningkatkan cara berpikir Anda? Kesalahpahaman apa yang Anda sebutkan?

2. Tetapkan daftar tujuan untuk minggu ini.

Anda dapat mencantumkan kemampuan yang ingin Anda kembangkan. Akurasi, presisi, kejelasan, pemikiran logis, dll. Itu berarti Anda harus berkonsentrasi pada kemampuan ini dalam semua kegiatan sehari-hari. Misalnya, mencurahkan satu minggu untuk berkonsentrasi pada apa yang Anda katakan dan bagaimana Anda mengatakannya. Pada akhir minggu Anda dapat meringkas pengamatan Anda dan melakukan perbaikan pada minggu berikutnya.

3. Pilih topik atau masalah yang menarik.

Temukan topik yang menarik yang ingin Anda pelajari. Seiring dengan tanggung jawab sehari-hari Anda, berangkat dari lima belas hingga tiga puluh menit untuk membaca informasi tentang topik yang dipilih. Ini berarti bahwa setiap hari Anda akan membaca tentang berbagai sudut pandang tentang masalah tersebut. Tugas Anda adalah meragukan informasi dan memeriksa apakah itu berfungsi atau tidak.

4. Berlatih pemetaan pikiran.

Pemetaan pikiran adalah alat yang hebat yang dapat Anda gunakan untuk meningkatkan daya otak Anda dan memahami informasi. Penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa peta pikiran menumpuk kapasitas otak kiri dan kanan. Pemetaan Pikiran dapat membantu Anda meringkas informasi, muncul dengan pertanyaan, dan meningkatkan pemahaman. Misalnya, Anda dapat membuat peta pikiran selama satu kuliah di kampus Anda atau hanya mendengarkan video pendidikan di internet.

Ambil selembar kertas dan letakkan ide utama di tengah. Gambarlah cabang-cabang mulai dari sudut kanan atas dan bergerak searah jarum jam. Setiap cabang akan mewakili kata kunci (subpos topik). Disarankan untuk menggunakan berbagai warna untuk mengelompokkan ide, sehingga akan lebih mudah untuk menyandikan peta pikiran Anda nanti.

Pemikiran kritis hanyalah cara berpikir dengan kepala Anda, mempertanyakan, bahkan, bahkan ide-ide paling menarik. Tentu saja, pemikiran kritis tidak akan menyelesaikan semua masalah Anda, tetapi itu adalah kebiasaan yang baik. Dan semakin Anda berpikir, semakin efektif Anda akan bekerja, belajar, berkomunikasi, dan menghasilkan ide-ide kreatif. Sebagai kesimpulan, tidak ada lagi yang bisa dikatakan tetapi, masing-masing dari kita bebas memilih di dunia mana ia harus hidup - dunia multidimensi yang penuh warna atau dunia yang datar, hitam dan putih.

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• How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples

How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples

Published on January 11, 2019 by Shona McCombes . Revised on August 15, 2023 by Eoghan Ryan.

A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . It usually comes near the end of your introduction .

Your thesis will look a bit different depending on the type of essay you’re writing. But the thesis statement should always clearly state the main idea you want to get across. Everything else in your essay should relate back to this idea.

You can write your thesis statement by following four simple steps:

• Start with a question
• Write your initial answer
• Develop your answer
• Refine your thesis statement

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Table of contents

What is a thesis statement, placement of the thesis statement, step 1: start with a question, step 2: write your initial answer, step 3: develop your answer, step 4: refine your thesis statement, types of thesis statements, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about thesis statements.

A thesis statement summarizes the central points of your essay. It is a signpost telling the reader what the essay will argue and why.

The best thesis statements are:

• Concise: A good thesis statement is short and sweet—don’t use more words than necessary. State your point clearly and directly in one or two sentences.
• Contentious: Your thesis shouldn’t be a simple statement of fact that everyone already knows. A good thesis statement is a claim that requires further evidence or analysis to back it up.
• Coherent: Everything mentioned in your thesis statement must be supported and explained in the rest of your paper.

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The thesis statement generally appears at the end of your essay introduction or research paper introduction .

The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education. The use of the internet in academic contexts and among young people more generally is hotly debated. For many who did not grow up with this technology, its effects seem alarming and potentially harmful. This concern, while understandable, is misguided. The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education: the internet facilitates easier access to information, exposure to different perspectives, and a flexible learning environment for both students and teachers.

You should come up with an initial thesis, sometimes called a working thesis , early in the writing process . As soon as you’ve decided on your essay topic , you need to work out what you want to say about it—a clear thesis will give your essay direction and structure.

You might already have a question in your assignment, but if not, try to come up with your own. What would you like to find out or decide about your topic?

For example, you might ask:

After some initial research, you can formulate a tentative answer to this question. At this stage it can be simple, and it should guide the research process and writing process .

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Now you need to consider why this is your answer and how you will convince your reader to agree with you. As you read more about your topic and begin writing, your answer should get more detailed.

In your essay about the internet and education, the thesis states your position and sketches out the key arguments you’ll use to support it.

The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education because it facilitates easier access to information.

In your essay about braille, the thesis statement summarizes the key historical development that you’ll explain.

The invention of braille in the 19th century transformed the lives of blind people, allowing them to participate more actively in public life.

A strong thesis statement should tell the reader:

• Why you hold this position
• What they’ll learn from your essay
• The key points of your argument or narrative

The final thesis statement doesn’t just state your position, but summarizes your overall argument or the entire topic you’re going to explain. To strengthen a weak thesis statement, it can help to consider the broader context of your topic.

These examples are more specific and show that you’ll explore your topic in depth.

Your thesis statement should match the goals of your essay, which vary depending on the type of essay you’re writing:

• In an argumentative essay , your thesis statement should take a strong position. Your aim in the essay is to convince your reader of this thesis based on evidence and logical reasoning.
• In an expository essay , you’ll aim to explain the facts of a topic or process. Your thesis statement doesn’t have to include a strong opinion in this case, but it should clearly state the central point you want to make, and mention the key elements you’ll explain.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

• Ad hominem fallacy
• Post hoc fallacy
• Appeal to authority fallacy
• False cause fallacy
• Sunk cost fallacy

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A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . Everything else you write should relate to this key idea.

The thesis statement is essential in any academic essay or research paper for two main reasons:

• It gives your writing direction and focus.
• It gives the reader a concise summary of your main point.

Without a clear thesis statement, an essay can end up rambling and unfocused, leaving your reader unsure of exactly what you want to say.

Follow these four steps to come up with a thesis statement :

• Ask a question about your topic .
• Write your initial answer.
• Develop your answer by including reasons.
• Refine your answer, adding more detail and nuance.

The thesis statement should be placed at the end of your essay introduction .

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

McCombes, S. (2023, August 15). How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved April 5, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/academic-essay/thesis-statement/

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Home » Critical Analysis – Types, Examples and Writing Guide

Critical Analysis – Types, Examples and Writing Guide

Table of Contents

Critical Analysis

Definition:

Critical analysis is a process of examining a piece of work or an idea in a systematic, objective, and analytical way. It involves breaking down complex ideas, concepts, or arguments into smaller, more manageable parts to understand them better.

Types of Critical Analysis

Types of Critical Analysis are as follows:

Literary Analysis

This type of analysis focuses on analyzing and interpreting works of literature , such as novels, poetry, plays, etc. The analysis involves examining the literary devices used in the work, such as symbolism, imagery, and metaphor, and how they contribute to the overall meaning of the work.

Film Analysis

This type of analysis involves examining and interpreting films, including their themes, cinematography, editing, and sound. Film analysis can also include evaluating the director’s style and how it contributes to the overall message of the film.

Art Analysis

This type of analysis involves examining and interpreting works of art , such as paintings, sculptures, and installations. The analysis involves examining the elements of the artwork, such as color, composition, and technique, and how they contribute to the overall meaning of the work.

Cultural Analysis

This type of analysis involves examining and interpreting cultural artifacts , such as advertisements, popular music, and social media posts. The analysis involves examining the cultural context of the artifact and how it reflects and shapes cultural values, beliefs, and norms.

Historical Analysis

This type of analysis involves examining and interpreting historical documents , such as diaries, letters, and government records. The analysis involves examining the historical context of the document and how it reflects the social, political, and cultural attitudes of the time.

Philosophical Analysis

This type of analysis involves examining and interpreting philosophical texts and ideas, such as the works of philosophers and their arguments. The analysis involves evaluating the logical consistency of the arguments and assessing the validity and soundness of the conclusions.

Scientific Analysis

This type of analysis involves examining and interpreting scientific research studies and their findings. The analysis involves evaluating the methods used in the study, the data collected, and the conclusions drawn, and assessing their reliability and validity.

Critical Discourse Analysis

This type of analysis involves examining and interpreting language use in social and political contexts. The analysis involves evaluating the power dynamics and social relationships conveyed through language use and how they shape discourse and social reality.

Comparative Analysis

This type of analysis involves examining and interpreting multiple texts or works of art and comparing them to each other. The analysis involves evaluating the similarities and differences between the texts and how they contribute to understanding the themes and meanings conveyed.

Critical Analysis Format

Critical Analysis Format is as follows:

I. Introduction

• Provide a brief overview of the text, object, or event being analyzed
• Explain the purpose of the analysis and its significance
• Provide background information on the context and relevant historical or cultural factors

II. Description

• Provide a detailed description of the text, object, or event being analyzed
• Identify key themes, ideas, and arguments presented
• Describe the author or creator’s style, tone, and use of language or visual elements

III. Analysis

• Analyze the text, object, or event using critical thinking skills
• Identify the main strengths and weaknesses of the argument or presentation
• Evaluate the reliability and validity of the evidence presented
• Assess any assumptions or biases that may be present in the text, object, or event
• Consider the implications of the argument or presentation for different audiences and contexts

IV. Evaluation

• Provide an overall evaluation of the text, object, or event based on the analysis
• Assess the effectiveness of the argument or presentation in achieving its intended purpose
• Identify any limitations or gaps in the argument or presentation
• Consider any alternative viewpoints or interpretations that could be presented
• Summarize the main points of the analysis and evaluation
• Reiterate the significance of the text, object, or event and its relevance to broader issues or debates
• Provide any recommendations for further research or future developments in the field.

VI. Example

• Provide an example or two to support your analysis and evaluation
• Use quotes or specific details from the text, object, or event to support your claims
• Analyze the example(s) using critical thinking skills and explain how they relate to your overall argument

VII. Conclusion

• Reiterate your thesis statement and summarize your main points
• Provide a final evaluation of the text, object, or event based on your analysis
• Offer recommendations for future research or further developments in the field
• End with a thought-provoking statement or question that encourages the reader to think more deeply about the topic

How to Write Critical Analysis

Writing a critical analysis involves evaluating and interpreting a text, such as a book, article, or film, and expressing your opinion about its quality and significance. Here are some steps you can follow to write a critical analysis:

• Read and re-read the text: Before you begin writing, make sure you have a good understanding of the text. Read it several times and take notes on the key points, themes, and arguments.
• Identify the author’s purpose and audience: Consider why the author wrote the text and who the intended audience is. This can help you evaluate whether the author achieved their goals and whether the text is effective in reaching its audience.
• Analyze the structure and style: Look at the organization of the text and the author’s writing style. Consider how these elements contribute to the overall meaning of the text.
• Evaluate the content : Analyze the author’s arguments, evidence, and conclusions. Consider whether they are logical, convincing, and supported by the evidence presented in the text.
• Consider the context: Think about the historical, cultural, and social context in which the text was written. This can help you understand the author’s perspective and the significance of the text.
• Develop your thesis statement : Based on your analysis, develop a clear and concise thesis statement that summarizes your overall evaluation of the text.
• Support your thesis: Use evidence from the text to support your thesis statement. This can include direct quotes, paraphrases, and examples from the text.
• Write the introduction, body, and conclusion : Organize your analysis into an introduction that provides context and presents your thesis, a body that presents your evidence and analysis, and a conclusion that summarizes your main points and restates your thesis.
• Revise and edit: After you have written your analysis, revise and edit it to ensure that your writing is clear, concise, and well-organized. Check for spelling and grammar errors, and make sure that your analysis is logically sound and supported by evidence.

When to Write Critical Analysis

You may want to write a critical analysis in the following situations:

• Academic Assignments: If you are a student, you may be assigned to write a critical analysis as a part of your coursework. This could include analyzing a piece of literature, a historical event, or a scientific paper.
• Journalism and Media: As a journalist or media person, you may need to write a critical analysis of current events, political speeches, or media coverage.
• Personal Interest: If you are interested in a particular topic, you may want to write a critical analysis to gain a deeper understanding of it. For example, you may want to analyze the themes and motifs in a novel or film that you enjoyed.
• Professional Development : Professionals such as writers, scholars, and researchers often write critical analyses to gain insights into their field of study or work.

Critical Analysis Example

An Example of Critical Analysis Could be as follow:

Research Topic:

The Impact of Online Learning on Student Performance

Introduction:

The introduction of the research topic is clear and provides an overview of the issue. However, it could benefit from providing more background information on the prevalence of online learning and its potential impact on student performance.

Literature Review:

The literature review is comprehensive and well-structured. It covers a broad range of studies that have examined the relationship between online learning and student performance. However, it could benefit from including more recent studies and providing a more critical analysis of the existing literature.

Research Methods:

The research methods are clearly described and appropriate for the research question. The study uses a quasi-experimental design to compare the performance of students who took an online course with those who took the same course in a traditional classroom setting. However, the study may benefit from using a randomized controlled trial design to reduce potential confounding factors.

The results are presented in a clear and concise manner. The study finds that students who took the online course performed similarly to those who took the traditional course. However, the study only measures performance on one course and may not be generalizable to other courses or contexts.

Discussion :

The discussion section provides a thorough analysis of the study’s findings. The authors acknowledge the limitations of the study and provide suggestions for future research. However, they could benefit from discussing potential mechanisms underlying the relationship between online learning and student performance.

Conclusion :

The conclusion summarizes the main findings of the study and provides some implications for future research and practice. However, it could benefit from providing more specific recommendations for implementing online learning programs in educational settings.

Purpose of Critical Analysis

There are several purposes of critical analysis, including:

• To identify and evaluate arguments : Critical analysis helps to identify the main arguments in a piece of writing or speech and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses. This enables the reader to form their own opinion and make informed decisions.
• To assess evidence : Critical analysis involves examining the evidence presented in a text or speech and evaluating its quality and relevance to the argument. This helps to determine the credibility of the claims being made.
• To recognize biases and assumptions : Critical analysis helps to identify any biases or assumptions that may be present in the argument, and evaluate how these affect the credibility of the argument.
• To develop critical thinking skills: Critical analysis helps to develop the ability to think critically, evaluate information objectively, and make reasoned judgments based on evidence.
• To improve communication skills: Critical analysis involves carefully reading and listening to information, evaluating it, and expressing one’s own opinion in a clear and concise manner. This helps to improve communication skills and the ability to express ideas effectively.

Importance of Critical Analysis

Here are some specific reasons why critical analysis is important:

• Helps to identify biases: Critical analysis helps individuals to recognize their own biases and assumptions, as well as the biases of others. By being aware of biases, individuals can better evaluate the credibility and reliability of information.
• Enhances problem-solving skills : Critical analysis encourages individuals to question assumptions and consider multiple perspectives, which can lead to creative problem-solving and innovation.
• Promotes better decision-making: By carefully evaluating evidence and arguments, critical analysis can help individuals make more informed and effective decisions.
• Facilitates understanding: Critical analysis helps individuals to understand complex issues and ideas by breaking them down into smaller parts and evaluating them separately.
• Fosters intellectual growth : Engaging in critical analysis challenges individuals to think deeply and critically, which can lead to intellectual growth and development.

Advantages of Critical Analysis

Some advantages of critical analysis include:

• Improved decision-making: Critical analysis helps individuals make informed decisions by evaluating all available information and considering various perspectives.
• Enhanced problem-solving skills : Critical analysis requires individuals to identify and analyze the root cause of a problem, which can help develop effective solutions.
• Increased creativity : Critical analysis encourages individuals to think outside the box and consider alternative solutions to problems, which can lead to more creative and innovative ideas.
• Improved communication : Critical analysis helps individuals communicate their ideas and opinions more effectively by providing logical and coherent arguments.
• Reduced bias: Critical analysis requires individuals to evaluate information objectively, which can help reduce personal biases and subjective opinions.
• Better understanding of complex issues : Critical analysis helps individuals to understand complex issues by breaking them down into smaller parts, examining each part and understanding how they fit together.
• Greater self-awareness: Critical analysis helps individuals to recognize their own biases, assumptions, and limitations, which can lead to personal growth and development.

About the author

Muhammad Hassan

Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer

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Tips Menulis dan Contoh Essay Academic Writing, Wajib Tahu!

• Fatimatuzuhroh
• April 19, 2022

Menulis Esai Academic Writing adalah sebuah tuntutan yang banyak ditemui para akademisi.

Namun, penulisan esai memiliki cara tersendiri dan tidak bisa asal begitu saja. Tujuan menulis academic writing adalah agar gagasan dalam esai yang ditulis dapat tersampaikan dengan baik. Ingin tahu bagaimana caranya menulis esai yang baik dalam bahasa Inggris?

Simak tips menulis dan contoh essay academic writing di bawah ini!

Baca juga: Review Buku Writing Academic English

Pengertian Essay Academic Writing

Singkatnya, esai akademik adalah bentuk terstruktur dari tulisan wajah siswa di sekolah, perguruan tinggi, dan universitas sebagai bagian dari kurikulum mereka. Tujuan paling umum dari penulisan semacam itu adalah untuk menyajikan beberapa informasi baru atau menggunakan fakta dan pengetahuan yang ada untuk menyampaikan ide-ide tertentu. Jenis tugas ini memungkinkan siswa untuk menunjukkan pengetahuan dan kreativitas mereka dan mendorong mereka untuk mengembangkan ide-ide mereka untuk mengkomunikasikan pesan.

Contoh Essay Academic Writing

Simak contoh essay academic writing di bawah ini!

Education means considerably more than just teaching a student to read, write, and manipulate numbers. Computers, the Internet, and advanced electronic devices are becoming essential in everyday life and have changed the way information is gathered. How this new technology is utilized in the curriculum and managed by teachers will have an important role to play in widening the resource and knowledge base for all students. Technology affects the way teachers teach and students learn. To make the best use of information technology (IT), schools need a workable plan to fully integrate it into all aspects of the curriculum so students are taught how, why, and when to use technology to further enhance their learning.

If a school does not have a clear plan of how and why it wishes to implement IT, then it runs the risk of wasting money. In schools today, nearly all classrooms have access to a computer. However, many schools mistake this as incorporating information technology into the curriculum. School staff need to research what IT is available and what would best serve the school’s purpose, not simply purchase the latest equipment. There should be a policy stating how IT is going to assist pupils’ development and what teachers want pupils to achieve (Reksten, 2000).

Staff members need to be clear about what they want IT to do for them before they can start incorporating it into their lessons. The only way information technology is going to be useful to schools is if all staff members are well-informed and fully supported. It is the principal’s responsibility, and should be part of the school’s plan, to ensure that all staff are consulted about the changes, and that the change is carefully organized. Some teachers may be resistant, especially if they have not had much experience with computers, so training teachers is essential in implementing IT into the school curriculum.

Staff members must feel involved in the process of acquiring technology, and in learning how to operate it, in order for them to increase their confidence in using IT as a curriculum tool. Teachers are only going to be able to incorporate IT into their lessons if they are competent users themselves (Reksten, 2000). In addition, teachers need to be aware that IT within the classroom is extremely flexible, but that they need to plan what purpose IT serves in each lesson. The skills a child learns are the important part of any lesson, and it is the same with technology. IT needs to be used and understood in all subjects in the same way as the ability to read is necessary for all subjects, and “must be used across the curriculum, in the same way that a pen and pencil are used in most subject areas” (Ager, 2000, p. 15).

The best way to plan the use of IT in the classroom is to approach it as simply a learning tool that is more advanced (and more exciting) than the traditional pen and paper. It is vitally important for students to be taught the strategies for using IT. Children also need to be fully informed about the capabilities of IT before being asked to use it. Pupils should be aware that the contexts in which they use IT will change, and they need to know what the appropriate use of IT is and what is not. Whilst it is important that children learn to use IT effectively, teachers must emphasize that IT is not always suitable. According to Apter (1968), the danger is that the “computer dehumanizes people and inevitably leads them to act like machines themselves” (p. 58).

Teachers must make sure they plan to use variety in their lessons. Too much IT instruction may be just as harmful to a child as not enough. The usefulness of IT in the classroom, as with any learning tool, depends on the innovation and imagination of the teacher. It is imperative, though, that the implementation of IT into school is carefully planned. The current information explosion makes it essential that IT be used extensively within the classroom so children know how to use IT appropriately and effectively. Teachers must, therefore, be fully informed about what kinds of IT are available and whether or not they are appropriate for classroom use. School boards and teachers must therefore ensure that all staff have a clear plan about what they want their students to achieve through IT. The appropriate incorporation of IT into the classroom will broaden the minds and skills of students, allowing them to be better prepared for further technological advances.

References: Ager, R. (2000). The art of information and communications technology for teachers. London, England: David Fulton. Apter, A. J. (1968). The new technology of education. London, England: Macmillan. Reksten, L. E. (2000). Using technology to increase student learning. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.

Tips Menulis Essay Academic Writing

• Tentukan topik esai yang akan ditulis

Mencari topik yang akan dikembangkan menjadi essay . Jadi, untuk membuat essay, kamu perlu menjawab pertanyaan essay dengan argumentatif, bukan sekedar deskriptif. Sehingga kita harus meyakinkan pemberi essay (dosen/IELTS tester) mengenai jawaban kita dengan diikuti bukti (evidences) berupa data, statistik, pendapat ahli, hasil riset, media, dan sebagainya.

• Menentukan contention

Setelah mendapatkan isu/topik yang harus dibahas, selanjutnya kita harus menentukan posisi. Contention ini adalah jawaban dari pertanyaan esay/ topik esai yang diminta.

• Menentukan Supporting Arguments

Setelah menulis contention , atau thesis statement , selanjutnya tentukan supporting arguments , atau argumen-argumen yang mendukung contention kita. Perlu diingat bahwa dalam mencari supporting arguments , kita sebaiknya melihat dari berbagai sudut pandang. 

• Menentukan supporting evidences (Data Pendukung)

Riset ini bisa kamu lakukan dengan membaca buku, jurnal akademik, berita di koran, dan lainnya. Hal ini diperlukan supaya argumen yang kamu tulis menjadi lebih kuat. 

Setiap argumen (opini) yang dibuat harus didukung dengan bukti untuk memperkuat yang bisa berupa penjelasan lebih lanjut, alasan, contoh, hasil riset, data statistik atau data lain, pendapat ahli, dan sebagainya.

Itulah ulasan mengenai academic writing yang bisa dijadikan referensi belajar kamu untuk menulis academic writing, ya. Kamu juga bisa gabung di Kelas Academic Writing Lister untuk mendapat materi dan latihan yang spesifik bersama tutor ahli lho. Yuk daftar sekarang!

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