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300+ Controversial Research Topics

Controversial research topics are a vital aspect of scientific inquiry, as they often challenge existing assumptions and generate debates among experts in the field. These topics can range from ethical dilemmas to scientific controversies that challenge traditional thinking, and can spark heated discussions and disagreements. However, it is through exploring and investigating these controversial topics that researchers can uncover new insights, theories , and methodologies that ultimately drive progress and innovation in their respective fields. While controversial research topics can be complex and contentious, they also offer opportunities for growth and learning as scientists work to uncover the truth and push the boundaries of what is currently known.

Controversial Research Topics

Controversial Research Topics are as follows:

• The impact of genetically modified organisms on human health.
• The use of embryonic stem cells for medical research.
• The effectiveness of abstinence-only sex education.
• The effects of violent video games on children and adolescents.
• The link between intelligence and race.
• The legalization of marijuana.
• The use of performance-enhancing drugs in sports.
• The existence of paranormal phenomena.
• The impact of social media on mental health.
• The effects of climate change on the global economy.
• The use of animals in scientific research.
• The impact of immigration on the economy and culture.
• The benefits and drawbacks of homeschooling.
• The link between vaccines and autism.
• The benefits and risks of gene editing.
• The impact of artificial intelligence on employment.
• The effects of sugar consumption on human health.
• The ethics of human cloning.
• The effects of globalization on the environment.
• The impact of minimum wage laws on employment and the economy.
• The effects of bilingual education on academic achievement.
• The relationship between gun control and crime rates.
• The effects of spanking on child development.
• The impact of media bias on public opinion.
• The relationship between poverty and crime.
• The effects of same-sex marriage on society.
• The impact of nuclear power on the environment.
• The effects of air pollution on human health.
• The impact of the pharmaceutical industry on healthcare.
• The impact of artificial sweeteners on human health.
• The effects of divorce on children.
• The impact of music on behavior and emotions.
• The effects of solitary confinement on prisoners.
• The impact of mandatory minimum sentences on the criminal justice system.
• The effects of standardized testing on education.
• The impact of affirmative action on employment and education.
• The effects of social media on political polarization.
• The effects of immigration policies on families and communities.
• The impact of diet on mental health.
• The ethics of animal testing.
• The impact of technology on human relationships.
• The impact of the gig economy on workers’ rights.
• The effects of corporal punishment in schools.
• The impact of income inequality on society.
• The effects of video game addiction on mental health.
• The effects of police brutality on society.
• The impact of the gig economy on the economy as a whole.
• The effects of alternative medicine on human health.
• The impact of military spending on the economy.
• The effects of censorship on free speech.
• The safety and effectiveness of vaccines.
• The existence of extraterrestrial life.
• The impact of climate change on national security.
• The use of genetically modified organisms in food production.
• The impact of social media on political elections.
• The ethics of artificial intelligence.
• The impact of immigration on national security.
• The effectiveness of gun control laws.
• The ethics of animal rights.
• The impact of video game violence on real-world violence.
• The impact of cell phone radiation on human health.
• The impact of the opioid epidemic on society.
• The effectiveness of alternative medicine.
• The ethics of physician-assisted suicide.
• The impact of globalization on human rights.
• The impact of the gig economy on labor rights.
• The impact of income inequality on social mobility.
• The ethics of gene editing in humans.
• The impact of trade agreements on the economy.
• The ethics of cloning.
• The impact of solitary confinement on mental health.
• The effectiveness of mandatory minimum sentencing laws.
• The ethics of animal agriculture.
• The impact of poverty on mental health.
• The effectiveness of sex education in schools.
• The impact of cultural appropriation on society.
• The ethics of using animals in entertainment.
• The impact of air pollution on human health.
• The impact of artificial intelligence on privacy.
• The ethics of using drones in warfare.
• The effectiveness of rehabilitation programs in prisons.
• The impact of genetically modified crops on the environment.
• The ethics of surrogacy.
• The impact of the gig economy on social welfare programs.
• The impact of social media on interpersonal relationships.
• The ethics of euthanasia.
• The impact of the Internet on society.
• The effectiveness of affirmative action policies.
• The impact of social media on youth development.
• The impact of renewable energy on the economy.
• The impact of cyberbullying on mental health.
• The ethics of human-animal hybrids.
• The impact of overpopulation on the environment.
• The impact of social media on political polarization.
• The impact of social media on mental health and well-being.
• The effects of violent video games on aggressive behavior in children and adolescents.
• The effects of homeschooling on academic achievement and social development.
• The ethics of human cloning for reproductive purposes.
• The impact of religious fundamentalism on political extremism and violence.
• The effects of poverty on child development and educational outcomes.
• The ethics of physician-assisted suicide for terminally ill patients.
• The impact of social media on political polarization and democracy.
• The effects of bilingual education on language proficiency and academic success.
• The ethics of genetically modifying human embryos for non-medical purposes.
• The impact of affirmative action on college admissions and diversity.
• The effects of mindfulness meditation on mental health and well-being.
• The ethics of animal rights and the use of animals for human consumption.
• The impact of the gig economy on worker rights and job security.
• The effects of minimum wage policies on employment and poverty reduction.
• The ethics of using human embryos for stem cell research.
• The impact of economic globalization on income inequality and economic growth.
• The effects of mandatory drug testing in the workplace on employee privacy and productivity.
• The ethics of organ donation and the sale of organs for transplantation.
• The impact of social class on educational opportunities and academic achievement.
• The effects of video game violence on aggressive behavior in youth.
• The ethics of artificial intelligence and autonomous decision-making.
• The impact of gun culture on gun violence and public safety.
• The effects of parental involvement in education on academic achievement.
• The ethics of animal euthanasia and animal rights.
• The impact of prison privatization on criminal justice and rehabilitation.
• The effects of solitary confinement on mental health and prisoner rights.
• The ethics of using performance-enhancing drugs in sports.
• The impact of globalization on cultural identity and cultural preservation.
• The effects of medical marijuana on pain management and addiction.
• The ethics of using animals for animal testing and experimentation.
• The impact of media bias on public opinion and political polarization.
• The effects of youth sports specialization on athletic performance and injury rates.
• The ethics of using drones for military and civilian purposes.
• The impact of the obesity epidemic on healthcare costs and public health.
• The effects of gender stereotypes on career choices and gender equality.
• The ethics of surrogacy and the commercialization of reproduction.
• The impact of social media on body image and self-esteem.
• The effects of cyberbullying on mental health and social relationships.
• The ethics of animal euthanasia and humane animal control.
• The impact of artificial intelligence on job displacement and retraining.
• The effects of mandatory school uniforms on student behavior and academic performance.
• The ethics of using genetically modified crops for food production.
• The impact of immigration on cultural assimilation and diversity.
• The effects of peer pressure on adolescent behavior and decision-making.
• The ethics of using animals for zoos and aquariums.
• The impact of natural disasters on social inequality and disaster response.
• The effects of childhood trauma on adult mental health and well-being.
• The ethics of using gene editing to create “designer babies”.
• The impact of gentrification on urban communities and displacement.
• The effects of income inequality on political representation and corruption.
• The ethics of using animals for entertainment, such as in theme parks and circuses.
• The effects of pornography on sexual behavior and attitudes towards women.
• The ethics of gene editing in human embryos for disease prevention.
• The effects of affirmative action on workplace diversity and discrimination.
• The ethics of animal testing for cosmetic purposes.
• The impact of immigration on economic growth and job creation.
• The effects of gun control policies on crime rates and public safety.
• The ethics of euthanasia for patients with severe disabilities.
• The impact of income inequality on social mobility and economic opportunity.
• The effects of online dating on relationships and marriage.
• The ethics of using animals for scientific experimentation.
• The impact of climate change on global migration patterns.
• The effects of standardized testing on student learning and teacher accountability.
• The ethics of using social media data for targeted advertising.
• The impact of artificial intelligence on employment and job displacement.
• The effects of genetically modified organisms on human health and the environment.
• The ethics of surrogacy and the commodification of pregnancy.
• The impact of the #MeToo movement on workplace culture and gender equality.
• The effects of mandatory vaccination policies on public health and individual autonomy.
• The ethics of using embryonic stem cells for medical research.
• The impact of media censorship on freedom of speech and expression.
• The effects of school vouchers on education equity and public education.
• The ethics of animal agriculture and the environmental impact of meat consumption.
• The impact of social media algorithms on political polarization and misinformation.
• The effects of mass incarceration on communities of color and criminal justice reform.
• The ethics of human genetic engineering for athletic performance enhancement.
• The impact of artificial intelligence on privacy and personal data protection.
• The effects of teacher tenure on teacher effectiveness and student achievement.
• The ethics of autonomous weapons systems and the future of warfare.
• The impact of affirmative action on college admissions and meritocracy.
• The effects of social media on youth mental health and addiction.
• The ethics of using human tissue for medical research.
• The impact of hydraulic fracturing on the environment and public health.
• The effects of school discipline policies on student success and racial disparities.
• The ethics of using animal organs for human transplantation.
• The impact of trade policies on international development and economic inequality.
• The effects of workplace surveillance on employee privacy and productivity.
• The ethics of human enhancement technologies and the implications for society.
• The impact of renewable energy on energy independence and national security.
• The effects of immigration policies on family separation and human rights.
• The ethics of using gene editing to enhance intelligence and cognitive abilities.
• The impact of social media on political activism and social movements.
• The effects of mandatory minimum sentences on criminal justice and recidivism rates.
• The ethics of using nanotechnology for medical treatment and enhancement.
• The impact of artificial intelligence on democracy and political participation.
• The effects of parental involvement in education on student achievement.
• The ethics of using animals for entertainment, such as in circuses and aquariums.
• The impact of mass surveillance on civil liberties and government transparency.
• The effects of school segregation on educational opportunities and social mobility.
• The ethics of using human embryonic stem cells for medical research.
• The impact of social media on political polarization and division.
• The effects of affirmative action policies on college admissions.
• The ethics of using animals for food and cosmetic testing.
• The impact of immigration policies on national security.
• The effects of e-cigarettes on lung health and smoking cessation.
• The ethics of cloning animals for commercial purposes.
• The impact of the war on drugs on public health and criminal justice.
• The effects of homeschooling on academic achievement and socialization.
• The impact of income tax policies on economic growth.
• The effects of police body cameras on accountability and transparency.
• The impact of artificial intelligence on human creativity and innovation.
• The effects of globalization on job outsourcing and economic inequality.
• The ethics of animal testing for medical research.
• The impact of mandatory minimum sentences on criminal justice and rehabilitation.
• The ethics of using human stem cells for medical research.
• The impact of social media on body image and eating disorders.
• The effects of the death penalty on crime deterrence and human rights.
• The ethics of using genetically modified crops for commercial agriculture.
• The impact of social media on romantic relationships and dating culture.
• The effects of standardized testing on teacher effectiveness and job satisfaction.
• The ethics of using drones for military strikes and surveillance.
• The impact of minimum wage policies on poverty and unemployment.
• The effects of workplace diversity and inclusion initiatives on productivity and morale.
• The ethics of using animals for entertainment purposes, such as in circuses or zoos.
• The impact of climate change on global economic growth and stability.
• The effects of solitary confinement on mental health and recidivism rates.
• The impact of the gig economy on worker exploitation and income insecurity.
• The effects of medical marijuana on pain management and opioid addiction.
• The ethics of using virtual reality for military training and simulation.
• The impact of school choice policies on education equity and segregation.
• The effects of noise pollution on mental and physical health.
• The ethics of using animal products for clothing and fashion.
• The impact of artificial intelligence on artistic expression and creativity.
• The effects of prison privatization on criminal justice and human rights.
• The ethics of using robots for elder care and healthcare.
• The impact of affirmative action policies on workplace diversity and inclusion.
• The effects of social media on adolescent self-esteem and body image.
• The ethics of using human organs for transplant research.
• The impact of drone strikes on civilian casualties and international law.
• The effects of microplastic pollution on human health and the environment.
• The ethics of animal cloning for livestock production.
• The impact of renewable energy on job creation and economic growth.
• The effects of occupational licensing on job opportunities and consumer protection.
• The ethics of using artificial intelligence in decision-making processes in the criminal justice system.
• The effects of climate change on global migration patterns.
• The ethics of genetically modifying human embryos.
• The impact of the meat industry on the environment and animal welfare.
• The efficacy and safety of alternative medicine treatments.
• The effects of marijuana legalization on crime rates.
• The ethics of using animals for scientific research.
• The effects of childhood trauma on adult mental health.
• The impact of technology on privacy and personal data protection.
• The effects of gun ownership on public safety.
• The ethics of gene editing to enhance physical and cognitive abilities.
• The impact of gentrification on urban communities.
• The effects of long-term space travel on human health.
• The ethics of using human subjects in medical research.
• The impact of income inequality on access to healthcare.
• The effects of the gig economy on workers’ rights and protections.
• The ethics of using non-human animals for food consumption.
• The impact of social media on political discourse and democracy.
• The effects of standardized testing on educational outcomes.
• The ethics of using autonomous weapons in warfare.
• The impact of income tax policies on economic inequality.
• The effects of urbanization on mental health and well-being.
• The ethics of using artificial intelligence for military applications.
• The impact of population growth on the environment and natural resources.
• The effects of screen time on children’s cognitive development.
• The ethics of surrogacy and reproductive technology.
• The impact of mental health stigma on access to care and treatment.
• The ethics of animal captivity and entertainment.
• The impact of the opioid epidemic on public health and safety.
• The effects of universal basic income on economic stability and well-being.
• The ethics of using genetic data for personalized medicine.
• The impact of the gig economy on income and wealth inequality.
• The effects of systemic racism on health outcomes and access to care.
• The ethics of using drones for civilian surveillance and law enforcement.
• The impact of social media algorithms on the spread of misinformation and polarization.
• The effects of childhood vaccination requirements on public health.
• The ethics of artificial intelligence in decision-making processes.
• The impact of global trade agreements on human rights and labor practices.
• The effects of nuclear energy on public health and the environment.
• The ethics of using gene editing for non-medical purposes.
• The impact of artificial sweeteners on human health and obesity rates.
• The effects of childhood obesity on long-term health outcomes.
• The ethics of using artificial intelligence for facial recognition technology.
• The impact of immigration policies on education outcomes and access.
• The effects of parental socioeconomic status on children’s academic achievement.
• The ethics of human genetic engineering for aesthetic purposes.
• The impact of deforestation on climate change and biodiversity loss.
• The effectiveness of the death penalty in reducing crime rates.
• The ethics of animal testing in scientific research.
• The impact of climate change on the global economy.
• The use of genetically modified organisms in agriculture.
• The ethics of embryonic stem cell research.
• The effects of pornography on society.
• The impact of globalization on employment and wages.
• The impact of artificial intelligence on society.
• The relationship between race and intelligence.
• The effects of minimum wage laws on employment and the economy.
• The effects of poverty on child development.
• The effects of video game violence on real-world violence.
• The impact of globalization on the environment.
• The effects of social media on interpersonal relationships.
• The impact of air travel on the environment.
• The impact of animal agriculture on the environment.
• The impact of solitary confinement on prisoners.

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Research Paper Writing Guides

Controversial Research Paper Topics

Last updated on: Mar 5, 2024

150+ Controversial Research Paper Topics to Get You Started

By: Donna C.

10 min read

Reviewed By: Chris H.

Published on: Mar 6, 2024

Finding the right research topic can be a challenge, especially when you want to explore subjects that are a bit daring. 

We understand the struggle of wanting to pick something that's not just interesting but also sparks curiosity and debate.

Controversial research papers make you think differently. They might make you a bit uncomfortable, but that discomfort often leads to some of the most fascinating discoveries and discussions.

In this blog, we've curated a list of controversial research paper topics to make your search easier. 

We’ll look closely at different topics, assisting you in finding a topic that not only interests you but also makes your academic experience meaningful.

Let’s dig in and find controversial topics to write a research paper on!

On this Page

Good Controversial Research Paper Topics for Students

Selecting a captivating research paper topic can make the research paper writing process more engaging and thought-provoking. 

Here, we've curated a list of top research topics for students who are wondering what are some good controversial topics for a research paper. 

Controversial Research Topics for Middle School

• Healthy School Lunches: Balancing Nutrition and Taste
• Should Students Have Homework on Weekends?
• Banning Junk Food in Schools: Pros and Cons
• Space Exploration: Is It Worth the Cost?
• The Importance of Environmental Conservation
• Community Service: Should It Be a Mandatory School Requirement?
• Is Censorship in Children's Literature Important?
• School Start Times: Are They Too Early?
• Should Students Be Allowed to Grade Their Teachers?
• Should Middle Schoolers Be Taught Financial Literacy?

Controversial Research Topics for High School Students

• Should High School Curriculum Include Mandatory Financial Literacy Courses?
• Exploring the Controversies Surrounding School Prayer
• The Influence of Violent VideoGames on Youth Behavior
• Should High School Start Times be Adjusted for Teenage Sleep Patterns?
• The Impact of Fast Food Advertising on Teenage Diets
• Debunking or Validating Popular Health Fads Among High School Students
• The Controversy Over Abstinence-only Education About Sex in High Schools
• The Role of Standardized Testing in College Admissions: Fair or Unfair?
• Should High School Students Have a Say in the Curriculum?
• The Impact of Global Warming Facts and Education on High School Students

Controversial Research Topics for College Students

• The Impact of Cancel Culture on Free Speech
• The Ethics of AI Surveillance in Educational Institutions
• Exploring Cultural Appropriation in College Events
• Debunking or Validating Conspiracy Theories in College Curriculum
• The Intersection of Gender Identity and Campus Policies
• Examining the Controversies Surrounding College Admissions Testing
• Privacy Concerns in Online Learning Platforms for College Courses
• Evaluating the Impact of Social Media Influencers on College Students
• Legalizing Recreational Drugs: Implications for College Communities
• Analyzing the Influence of the Electoral College on College Debates and Discussions

Controversial Research Topics for University

• The Intersection of Technology and Privacy in the Digital Age
• The Impact of Universal Basic Income on Labor Markets and Society
• Debunking Pseudoscience: Challenges and Strategies
• The Role of Blockchain Technology in Reshaping Industries
• The Future of Work: Automation, AI, and the Changing Landscape of Employment
• Neuroethics: Ethical Considerations in Brain-Computer Interface Technologies
• Augmented Reality in Healthcare: Enhancing Patient Care or Ethical Concerns?
• Crisis Communication in the Age of Social Media: Challenges and Opportunities
• The Ethics of Using AI in Criminal Justice: Bias, Accountability, and Transparency
• Social Media Influencers and Digital Advertising Ethics

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Controversial Research Topics for Master’s

• Implications of Synthetic Biology and Biohacking
• Quantum Internet: Privacy and Security Challenges
• Ethics of Autonomous Weapons and AI in Warfare
• Impact of Deepfake Technology on Media and Society
• The Intersection of Technology and Mental Health: Risks and Benefits
• Space Tourism: Ethical and Environmental Implications
• The Ethics of Data Brokers and Information Marketplaces
• Quantum Cryptography: Securing Communication in the Quantum Era
• The Future of Intellectual Property in the Age of AI and Robotics
• The Digital Divide: Addressing Inequities in Access to Technology

Controversial Research Topics for Ph.D.

• Digital Surveillance and Civil Liberties: A Comparative Analysis
• Ownership and Privacy of Genetic Data in the Genomic Era
• Legal and Ethical Aspects of Extraterrestrial Resource Utilization
• Ethics of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) Development and Deployment
• Regulatory Challenges of Decentralized Finance (DeFi)
• Algorithmic Trading, High-Frequency Trading, and Market Manipulation
• Big Tech's Influence on Global Politics and Governance
• Transhumanism and the Evolution of Post-Human Society
• The Intersection of Robotics and Human Rights: Ethical Considerations in Autonomous Systems
• Neurotechnology and the Possibility of Mind Reading: Ethical Implications

Common Controversial Research Paper Topics

• The Ethics of Genetic Editing: Balancing Innovation and Morality
• Climate Change: Addressing Skepticism and Urgency for Affirmative Action
• The Legality and Ethics of Euthanasia in Modern Society
• Concealed Handguns: Balancing Second Amendment and Civil Rights 
• The Controversy Surrounding Biofuels
• Legalization of Recreational Drugs: Weighing the Risks and Benefits
• The Impact of Immigration Policies on Society and the Economy
• Nuclear Energy vs. Renewable Energy: Striving for a Sustainable Future
• Censorship in Media: Protecting Society or Limiting Freedom of Expression?
• The Death Penalty: Examining Morality and Effectiveness in Criminal Justice

Easy Controversial Research Paper Topics

• Should Schools Adopt Year-Round Bilingual Education?
• The Impact of Social Media Dependency on Personal Relationships
• Fast Food Consumption: Pros and Cons
• The Effectiveness of Capital Punishment as a Deterrent to Crime
• The Influence of Reality TV on Youth Behavior
• Should Animal Testing be Banned?
• The Impact of Video Games Violence on Academic Performance
• Marijuana Legalization and its Ethical Aspects
• Should Smoking in Public be Illegal?
• The Impact of Cell Phones on Face-to-Face Communication

Interesting Controversial Topics

• The Philosophy of Time Travel: Possibilities and Paradoxes
• Human Colonization of Mars: Ethical and Practical Considerations
• Cryptids and the Paranormal: Scientific Exploration or Pseudoscience?
• The Mandela Effect: Collective Memory or Alternate Realities?
• Existence of Parallel Universes: Exploring Multiverse Theories
• Plant Consciousness: Do Plants Have Feelings and Awareness?
• The Mystery of Dark Matter and Dark Energy
• Dream Interpretation: Psychology or Pseudoscience?
• Astrology and Personality Traits: Cosmic Influences on Atheism?
• The Hollow Earth Theory: Myth or Scientific Possibility?

Captivating Controversial Research Topics

• Mind-Reading Technology and Privacy Paradox
• Designer Babies: Crafting the Perfect Human
• Parallel Universes: Theoretical Marvel or Scientific Reality?
• Crypto-Currencies and the Future of Money Laundering
• Artificial Consciousness: From Code to Sentience
• Psychedelics in Psychiatry: Breaking the Taboo
• Deepfake Dilemmas: The Ethics of Synthetic Media
• Algorithmic Bias: Unmasking the Hidden Prejudice in Code
• Conscious AI in the Workplace: Colleague or Competitor?
• Rejuvenation Biotechnology: Extending Human Lifespan

Psychology Controversial Research Paper Topics

Here are some important controversial topics in psychology for research paper writing:

• The Morality of Using Placebos in Psychological Treatment
• The Ethics of Conducting Psychological Experiments on Animals
• Is Video Game Addiction a Real Mental Health Concern?
• The Influence of Parenting Styles on Child Development
• The Role of Genetics in Determining Intelligence
• Is Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) an Ethical Treatment for Depression?
• The Psychology of Procrastination: Causes and Solutions
• The Influence of Gender Stereotypes on Mental Health
• The Relationship Between Sleep Deprivation and Cognitive Functioning
• The Psychology Behind Conspiracy Theories: Understanding Beliefs and Behavior

Controversial Medical Topics For A Research Paper

• The Ethics of Human Cloning
• Physician-Assisted Suicide: Legal and Ethical Perspectives
• Gene Editing and CRISPR Technology: Ethical Implications
• The Legalization of Recreational Drugs for Medicinal Purposes
• Organ Transplant Allocation: Fairness and Equality
• Genetic Testing for Disease Predisposition: Privacy and Consent
• Stem Cell Research: Promises and Ethical Concerns
• Would Universal Healthcare Improve Healthcare Access?
• Pharmaceutical Industry Influence on Medical Practices
• Abortion: Medical, Ethical, and Legal Considerations

Simple Controversial Topics in History for Research Paper

• The Debate Over Reparations for Historical Injustices
• The Controversies Surrounding Columbus Day
• The Impact of Colonialism on Indigenous Peoples
• Historical Revisionism in Holocaust Denial
• The Legacy and Controversies of Historical Figures
• The Decision to Drop Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
• Historical Perspectives on Immigration Policies and Debates
• The Armenian Genocide: Recognition and Denial
• The Legacy and Controversies of the Vietnam War
• The Ethics of Archaeological Discoveries and Cultural Heritage Preservation

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Unique Controversial Topics

• Universal Basic Income (UBI): Economic Panacea or Social Pitfall?
• Alternative Medicine vs. Conventional Medicine
• Urban Vertical Farming: Feeding Cities of the Future or Just a Pipe Dream?
• E-Waste Crisis: The Dark Side of Technological Advancement
• Water Scarcity and Corporate Control: Bottling Profits or Human Rights?
• Challenges of 5G Technology: Innovation or Health Concerns?
• Eradicating Infectious Diseases: Ethical Dilemmas in Gene Drives
• The Ethics of Behavioral Advertising: Personalized Marketing or Invasive Manipulation?
• Robot Rights: Navigating the Ethical Landscape of AI Personhood
• The Future of Nuclear Energy: Sustainable Solution or Perpetuating Risks

Other than this range of controversial topics, here are some non-controversial topics too:

Non Controversial Research Paper Topics

• The History of Public Libraries: Evolution and Impact on Communities
• Effects of Music on Stress and Anxiety Levels
• Benefits of Green Spaces in Urban Environments
• The Role of Vitamin D in Human Health
• History of Vaccinations and Their Impact on Public Health
• The Science of Sleep: Understanding Sleep Patterns and Disorders
• Positive Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Mental Health
• The Impact of Reading on Cognitive Development in Children
• Advancements in Water Purification Technologies
• The History of Astronomy: Contributions and Discoveries

How to Choose a Controversial Research Paper Topic?

Choosing a controversial research paper topic requires careful consideration and a strategic approach to ensure the relevance and impact of your work. 

Here are key steps to guide you in selecting a provocative and engaging topic for your research:

• Identify Your Interests: Start by considering your personal interests and passions. A controversial topic is more compelling when it aligns with your genuine curiosity. Explore subjects that you are willing to investigate thoroughly.
• Review Current Debates: Reading reputable news sources, scholarly articles, and opinion pieces will help you identify topics generating controversy and public discourse.
• Evaluate Academic Relevance: Ensure that your chosen topic has academic merit. It should be relevant to your field of study and contribute meaningfully to existing knowledge. 
• Check Research Feasibility: Assess the feasibility of conducting research on your chosen topic. Ensure that there are accessible resources, data, and literature available for a comprehensive analysis. 
• Consider Ethical Implications: Controversial topics may involve sensitive issues. Strive to approach the topic with empathy, respect for diverse opinions, and a commitment to presenting a balanced perspective.
• Stay Open to Adaptations: The dynamic nature of controversial topics may require adjustments to ensure the relevancy and significance of your findings. That’s why it is important to remain open to adapting your approach. 

To sum up, looking into controversial topics lets us dig into complicated problems, have conversations, and question our existing knowledge. These interesting subjects grab people's attention and add to the broader perspectives of research. 

This blog is your ultimate guide for controversial research paper topic selection. But if you feel like you need help with your topic or even research paper, reach our professional paper writing service online !

At SharkPapers.com, we have the expertise and experience to help you with research paper writing. We also provide freebies along with 24/7 customer support!

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Marketing, Literature

Donna writes on a broad range of topics, but she is mostly passionate about social issues, current events, and human-interest stories. She has received high praise for her writing from both colleagues and readers alike. Donna is known in her field for creating content that is not only professional but also captivating.

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125 Controversial Research Topics and Ideas to Deal With

Table of Contents

Writing a controversial research paper or essay is similar to an argumentative essay where you need to provide clear opinions and stand for your beliefs. But, one of the challenging parts of writing a controversial essay or research paper is choosing the right controversial research topics.

We live in a world full of controversies. So, choosing a controversial topic and conducting deep research would be really tough and interesting. In general, the majority of controversial topics revolve around social issues like religious conflicts, racism, drugs, etc. But when you choose a controversial topic, you should give preference to the topic that is inspiring and has a scope to present your ideas or thoughts.

In case, you are in a dilemma of what controversial topic to select for your research paper, check this blog post. Here, we have shared some effective tips for choosing a good controversial research topic. Also, we have suggested 100+ controversial research topics on various themes.

Controversial Research Paper Topic Selection Tips

As said earlier, choosing a controversial topic is a challenging task. If you choose an impressive controversial topic for writing a research paper or essay, then obviously your assignment will stand out in the crowd and will also help to boost your marks or grades.

Discussed below are a few tips that you should keep in mind and follow while picking a controversial research topic.

• The controversial topic you select should match your interest, and you should also have strong knowledge about it.
• The topic you select should be inspiring to you and your readers should be able to relate to that topic easily.
• Never pick a wide topic because it would be difficult for you to share your opinions clearly.
• Choose a controversial topic that has a good scope of discussion because when you write a research paper, you should be able to present your views and counterarguments with relevant references.
• In order to write an authentic controversial research paper, the controversial topic you choose should have many supporting pieces of evidence like statistical information, unusual facts, and surveys.

List of Controversial Research Paper Topics

The following are a few top controversial topics that you can consider for writing your research paper or thesis.

Interesting Controversial Research Topics

• The disclosure of personal medical data.
• The safety of uninsured patients.
• The moral aspect of marijuana legalization.
• Should the elder children take care of their younger siblings?
• The violence in video games.
• Is being a vegetarian healthy?
• The attitude of students with disabilities.
• Are nurses responsible for a patient’s behavior?
• The Covid-19 controversies.
• The origin of religious conflicts.
• Uninsured patients and their safety.
• Video games and their violence.
• How is a nurse responsible for the patient’s behavior?
• All vegetarians are healthy- What is your viewpoint>
• Covid-19 and the controversies surrounding it.
• Why is surrogate motherhood controversial?
• Surrogate mothers and societal worldview
• Why is gay marriage controversial?
• Discuss some recent issues and controversies related to surrogacy in the United States
• Critical analysis of the controversies around Gay and lesbian surrogacy
• Analyze the controversies around the cases of assisted death
• Discuss the reasons making the Affordable Care Act highly controversial
• Describe the three reasons that make the idea of Arming teachers controversial
• Analyze the controversies around Arms Control and Nonproliferation
• Describe some of the most controversial cases around the Rule of Law & Human Rights in the United Kingdom

Captivating Controversial Topics for Research 

• The moral aspect of beauty salons.
• The restricted nature of Catholicism.
• Tobacco advertisements and their benefits.
• The medical tourism issue.
• Male versus female parenting.
• Domestic violence is caused by alcohol consumption.
• Should college be free?
• Are Montessori schools a threat to public education?
• Should school uniforms be abolished?
• Should religion be taught as an obligatory subject?
• Should surrogate pregnancy be used on-demand or only for health reasons?
• Should there be a state regulation for fast food chains?
• Controversies of the #Metoo movement.
• Should there be censorship in social media?
• Discuss the use of psilocybin in the treatment of mental illnesses.
• Write about the negative side of the film industry.
• Should TV Commercials be banned?
• Is womb transplantation a good alternative to surrogate pregnancy?
• Where are the limits of harassment?
• Should we welcome immigrants and refugees?
• Should school teachers are permitted to provide private coaching
• The impact of cell phones on health.
• Role of a nurse in maintaining the privacy of crime information.
• Community colleges and their negative outlook.

Read more: Good Argumentative Essay Topics That You Must Consider

Best Controversial Research Paper Topics

• Should smartphones be allowed at school?
• Social media dependency.
• Should the children be allowed to use Facebook and Instagram?
• Should martial arts be taught at school?
• Capital punishment and its benefits for the media.
• Females VS Males in Science.
• Social media and its negative image.
• Is it essential to allow prisoners to vote?
• Should luxury parties be forbidden?
• The external politics of the United States.
• Should people shift to cryptocurrency and is it reliable to invest in cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin?
• Is it necessary to ban the production of handbags made from animal skins?
• Do MBA students make good business leaders or managers?
• Is it really necessary to censor movies?
• Should non-Muslims be allowed to enter Mecca and Medina?
• Changing the looks of babies: should it be legal to change the eye color of a newborn genetically?
• Discuss genetic engineering and its implications as a tool for human enhancement
• Should healthcare providers in developed nations pay for assisted reproductive techniques?
• Is it more challenging for African (black) artists to get recognition?
• Why do so many musicians ban US President Donald Trump from using their work?
• Analysis of John Lennon’s remark on the Beatles stating Beatles “more popular than Jesus”
• Whitewashing in Hollywood: should there be any law to guarantee the employment of actors of color?
• Does the portrayal of domestic violence in the media channels cause audiences to become violent themselves?
• Should pregnant women be allowed to take the concept of the ‘right to life’ and ‘right to choice’ into account?
• Discuss the controversy around ‘The Birth of a Nation (1915)’ movie

Outstanding Controversial Research Ideas

• The negativity of nightclubs.
• The dark side of the fashion industry.
• Should minors be allowed to enter beauty salons?
• The substance promotion by rap and rock musicians.
• The portrayal of slavery in the media.
• A negative  outlook on community colleges .
• The distorted view of the rest of the world in the USA.
• Should nurses keep information about the crimes private?
• The use of opium for sedating purposes.
• The issue of vaccine distribution.
• The portrayal of patriarchy in digital and traditional media.
• Impact of movies and TV series in causing Islamophobia.
• The adverse side of the fast fashion industry.
• Is sustainable fashion an achievable factor for the poor or is it just a concept for the rich?
• Is it good or bad to conduct human gene editing?

Popular Controversial Research Topics

• The attitude to patients with AIDS.
• The decrease of the drinking age.
• Uneven access to healthcare in the world.
• Is using cell phones dangerous for our health?
• Are we to blame for global warming?
• Should we ban the use of animals in various research works?
• How to approach the death penalty differently?
• The morality and athletes.
• Ban the tax system for poor people.
• Is it important to forgive the debts of college students?
• Are suicidal pods ethical?
• Should the language most spoken be accepted as the national language?
• Is Sabarimala’s verdict progressive or a threat to traditions?
• Is India becoming an intolerant country?
• Is it really necessary to become a vegetarian to protect the earth?

Read more: Top  Criminal Justice Research Topics Idea for Students

Excellent Controversial Research Topics

• Discuss the ethical implications of legalizing abortion in the US Firearm Laws and the situation as it stands today: An Indian viewpoint
• Discuss how Catholicism is a limiting religion.
• Education in the public versus Montessori education Examine the dangers of the Montessori approach.
• Policies against discrimination and inclusion in companies and institutions of higher learning
• In North Carolina, community college scandals unleash a veritable Pandora’s box.
• Is it necessary to allow healthcare workers like nurses to assist criminals by keeping their knowledge secret from law enforcement?
• What are the main stipulations and bans in Middle Eastern nations?
• Montessori schools pose a danger to the education system.
• Is religious education important for school students?
• Which is morally preferable, life in jail or a rehabilitation facility?

Unique Controversial Research Topics

• Which is the best cardio equipment- the elliptical or treadmill?
• Are flying cars the best solution to traffic congestion?
• Is exercise a source of critical medical complications?
• Future vs. the Past: Which Era is More Appealing?
• Was religion created to limit humanity?
• Do churches become businesses?
• What measures are justified when fighting terrorism?
• Can censorship be justified when national security is endangered?
• Is civil marriage a marriage too?

Till now, we saw effective tips for choosing the right controversial research paper topic and a list of top trending and popular controversial topics.

In general, a controversial research paper is a type of academic research paper that addresses the writer’s views or opinions about a highly charged, contestable issue. Out of the various controversial topics listed above, choose any topic of your choice.

Controversial Research Paper Writing Tips

After choosing a controversial research topic, follow the below-mentioned tips to come up with a praiseworthy controversial essay or research paper.

• The controversial research paper should cover all the major points of the selected topic in a simple and concise manner.
• Write a crispy and thought-provoking thesis statement that is relevant to your controversial research topic.
• Never discuss the same argument repeatedly in the essay. Make sure to touch all the main points of the selected topic and discuss them with supporting examples and evidence.
• Your entire piece of writing should induce the readers to raise certain questions about your opinions, ideas, and morals.
• When writing a controversial research paper, be sure to include your opinions and counterarguments with relevant references.
• When you explain your point of view about a controversy in the research paper, include relevant statistical data and facts to make your readers believe that you have done some research about the subject,
• Structure and format the controversial research paper in a readable and understandable manner by including elements like an introduction, body, and conclusion.
• The final draft of your controversial research paper should be free from errors. So, do a complete revision and rectify the spelling, grammar, and punctuation errors, if there are any.

Wrapping Up

Hopefully, the list of the different controversial research ideas suggested in this blog would help you in crafting a detailed research paper with proper evidence. In case, you are hesitant about what topic to choose or if you don’t know how to write an excellent controversial research paper, then get in touch with us quickly.

On our platform, we have numerous skilled academic writers to offer high-quality online assignment help on any controversial topic. Especially, based on the requirements you send us, our professionals will prepare and deliver a great research paper deserving of an A+ grade. Just book your order and get your work done on time with the assistance of our controversial research paper helpers.

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• Affirmative Action
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Navigating 70 Noteworthy Controversial Topics for Research Paper

Embark on an intellectual escapade with our handpicked list of controversial topics for research paper. It’s not your average stroll through academia; we’re inviting you to a rollercoaster ride of ideas that’s spicier than your favorite hot sauce! Imagine an intellectual amusement park where ideas loop, opinions twist, and discussions take unexpected turns.

This isn’t your run-of-the-mill research adventure – we’re diving deep into the topics that make your aunt launch into passionate speeches and your buddy challenge you to a debate faster than you can say “research paper.”

From navigating moral mazes to tackling tech tornadoes and dancing through political firestorms, we’re shining the spotlight on subjects that make you exclaim, “Whoa, I never thought of it that way!” So, grab your trusty thinking cap – or create a wild one if you’re feeling adventurous – because we’re about to embark on a journey where controversy meets curiosity. Get ready to explore, question, and perhaps even stir the pot a bit. Let’s make research the hottest party in town!

Table of Contents

Defining Controversial Topics

Controversial topics represent subjects that incite robust discussions, transforming ordinary conversations into dynamic debates. This could be viewed as the special sauce that infuses our dialogues with heightened interest and significance.

These topics attain controversy by intersecting with core values, belief systems, and societal opinions. From intricate ethical dilemmas and social complexities to cutting-edge scientific advancements and politically charged issues, these subjects prompt individuals to critically reassess their perspectives.

In essence, controversial topics serve as catalysts for stimulating intellectual discourse, fostering an environment wherein diverse viewpoints converge. It is within this framework that the intricacies of societal norms are dissected, and the multifaceted nature of these subjects continually evolves with the ever-changing landscape of human thought.

Thus, engaging in discussions surrounding controversial topics offers a formal yet intellectually invigorating experience, as participants navigate through the nuanced contours of complex and often contentious subjects.

Selecting a Controversial Research Topic

Choosing a controversial research topic is like picking the star player for your academic team – it needs careful consideration and a dash of excitement. Let’s break it down into a few game-changing strategies to help you score big with your selection:

Go for a topic that’s not just academically cool but also in sync with what’s buzzing in the real world. It’s like choosing a movie that everyone’s talking about – you want your research to be the blockbuster of the scholarly scene.

Imagine your research topic as a binge-worthy series. Pick something that keeps you hooked and eager for the next episode. If you’re genuinely interested, your passion will shine through in every page of your study.

Diversity of Perspectives

Think of your research as a party where everyone’s invited – even those with opposing views. Controversy often thrives on different opinions, so choose a topic that sparks a debate. It’s like hosting the ultimate discussion showdown!

Ethical Considerations

Treat ethical considerations like the rulebook of your academic game. Make sure your research methods and design play fair and square. No shortcuts allowed – it’s all about integrity and transparency.

Feasibility

Picture your research topic as a road trip. Choose a destination that’s not only exciting but also doable. Check if you have the right map (resources), a reliable vehicle (research design), and enough snacks (enthusiasm) to keep you going.

Your research is your superhero moment. Aim for a topic that has the power to shake things up, challenge norms, or maybe even save the day with groundbreaking insights. Your study should be the hero the academic world deserves!

Academic Significance

Your research topic is the VIP guest at the academic gala. Ensure it’s dressed to impress and fits right in with the scholarly crowd. You want your study to be the talk of the town among your academic peers.

Accessibility

Think of your research resources as the trusty sidekicks on your academic journey. Ensure they’re reliable and readily available. A well-stocked toolkit of literature, data, and expert opinions will make your research adventure smoother.

So, there you have it – the playbook for choosing a controversial research topic that’s not only academically sound but also a thrilling adventure. Get ready to kick off your research journey with a topic that’s bound to make waves!

Controversial Topics for Research Paper

Check out controversial topics for research paper:-

Social Issues

• Clicktivism Chronicles: Is Online Activism Actually Changing the Game?
• Show Me the Money: The Buzz and Hype Around Universal Basic Income
• Cops & Citizens Unplugged: Balancing Rights and Rules in the Real World
• Diversity Disco: Affirmative Action’s Dance in the Corporate Scene
• Rainbows on Screen: How LGBTQ+ Representation Paints Public Perspectives
• Healthy Wallets, Healthy Lives: The Surprising Link Between Income and Health
• Dollars & Dreams: Why Income Inequality Should Matter to Everyone
• Locked, Loaded, Debated: The Gun Control Showdown
• Borders, Bodies, and Band-Aids: Immigrants and the Healthcare Hustle
• Marching to More Than a Beat: Unpacking the Real Power of Social Movements

Health and Medicine

• CRISPR Chronicles: Navigating the Brave New World of Human Genetic Editing
• Vaccine Drama: Does Mandating Shots Really Keep Us Healthy?
• Mind the Gap: Mental Health Treatment and the Socioeconomic Divide
• High Times, High Stakes: The Ripple Effects of Legalizing Recreational Drugs
• From Lab Rats to Lab Alternatives: Seeking Ethical Paths in Medical Research
• Life’s Exit Door: Cultural Perspectives on the End-of-Life Journey
• Pills, Policies, and Paychecks: Big Pharma’s Play in Healthcare
• Green Living, Healthy Living: The Marriage of Environment and Well-being
• Breaking the Silence: Mental Health Stigma and Society’s Whispered Conversations
• Rx for All: Healthcare Access in Developing Lands and Lives

Technology and Ethics

• Robo-Wars: The Ethical Conundrum of AI in Battlefields
• Echo Chambers Explained: How Social Media Filters Shape Our Worldview
• Privacy Please! Navigating the Tightrope Between Security and Personal Space
• Bionic Humanity: Walking the Ethical Tightrope of Augmentation Technologies
• Cyberbullies and Deepfakes: The Murky Waters of Social Media
• Faces in the Cloud: The Ethical Quagmire of Facial Recognition Tech
• Guardians of the Web: Cracking the Code of Cybersecurity Challenges
• Tweets, Treats, and Termination: Navigating Free Speech in the Cyber Age
• Biased Bites: Unmasking the Ethical Dilemmas in AI Algorithms
• Seeing Isn’t Believing: The Wild World of Deepfake Ethical Quandaries

Environmental Issues

• Greenwashing or Green Living? The Truth Behind Corporate Sustainability
• Climate Pacts: Are They Sizzling Successes or Fizzling Flops?
• Concrete Jungle Chronicles: How Urbanization Affects Our Wild Side
• Timber Troubles: The Never-ending Saga of Deforestation Impact
• City Critters and Country Cousins: Juggling Urban Growth and Wildlife Preservation
• Nuclear Energy Unmasked: Is it Truly a Green Power Player?
• Green Justice Warriors: Battling Environmental Racism with Eco Swords
• Farm to Fork: The Delicious Journey of Sustainable Agriculture
• Reduce, Reuse, Recycle: The Eco-Friendly Three Rs Under the Microscope
• Frack or Fiction: The Earthy Tale of Fracking and its Aftermath

Politics and Governance

• Money Talks, Votes Dance: The Intriguing Impact of Campaign Finance
• Nationalism 101: The Rollercoaster Ride Through Modern Politics
• Clicks, Candidates, and Chaos: The Techie Twist in Political Campaigns
• Direct Democracy: Democracy on Steroids or Chaos Unleashed?
• Lobbyists Unleashed: The Puppeteers Behind Government Decisions
• Electoral College: Friend or Foe of Fair Elections?
• Social Media Politics: The Power of Tweets, Posts, and Shifting Opinions
• United We Stand? Assessing the Power of International Organizations
• Corporate Puppetry: How Donations Shape Government Policies
• ID Please: Navigating Voter Identification Laws and Democracy
• CTRL + Learn: Is Online Education the Game-Changer We Hoped For?
• Testing, Testing: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of Standardized Tests
• School for All: Breaking Barriers for Students with Superpowers
• Birds, Bees, and Beyond: The Quest for Better Sex Education
• School Vouchers: A Golden Ticket or a Slippery Slide?
• Books and Backpacks: How Socioeconomics and Education Tango
• Teachers Rock: The Magic of Great Educators
• EdTech Extravaganza: Can Gadgets Really Make Kids Smarter?
• Cultural Classrooms: Celebrating Diversity in Education
• Admission Decisions: Does Affirmative Action Still Steal the Spotlight?

Economic Issues

• Universal Basic Income: Hype or Hope for a Fairer Economic Circus?
• Paying the Price: Minimum Wage Hikes and the Domino Effect
• Rich Get Richer: The Unsettling Saga of Wealth Inequality
• CSR: Do Companies Care or Is It Just a Clever PR Show?
• Trade Wars and Price Tags: The Economics of Tariffs Unveiled
• Fiscal Fitness: Can Government Spending Keep Economies Flexing?
• National Debt Drama: When the Billions and Trillions Start to Pile Up
• Taxing Times: The Socioeconomic Impact of Income Tax Policies
• Green Bucks: Can Businesses Be Both Profitable and Planet-Loving?
• Algorithmic Alchemy: The Ethical Dance of High-Frequency Trading

Crafting a Strong Thesis Statement

Check out the guidelines for formulating a thesis statements:-

Clarity is Paramount

Articulate your primary argument with utmost clarity. Your thesis should serve as a lucid roadmap, offering a succinct preview of the themes to be explored in your scholarly work.

Embrace Specificity

Eschew vagueness and opt for specificity in delineating the parameters of your paper and the stance you intend to adopt. Precision fosters a nuanced and well-defined thesis.

Address the Significance

Explicitly articulate the significance of your argument. Why is your chosen topic of consequence? What broader implications does it carry? Clearly elucidate the relevance of your thesis.

Debate and Defense

Formulate your thesis in a manner that invites intellectual discourse. A robust thesis should be both debatable and defensible, steering clear of universally accepted notions to necessitate substantiation and analysis.

Conciseness Rules

Maintain focus by encapsulating the main idea of your paper within a single, concise sentence. The thesis is not the venue for an exhaustive list of topics but rather a central claim that warrants comprehensive exploration.

Consider Counterarguments

Demonstrate foresight by incorporating potential counterarguments into your thesis. Acknowledging differing perspectives enriches your statement and underscores your commitment to critical evaluation.

Precision over Length

Prioritize precision over verbosity. Your thesis should convey the intended message succinctly, eschewing unnecessary jargon or embellishments that might obfuscate the central argument.

Flexibility in Evolution

While the thesis provides a guiding framework, be amenable to refining it as your research progresses. Allow for adaptation in response to the evolving nuances of your chosen topic.

Example of a Formally Engaging Thesis Statement

“In the contemporary landscape dominated by technological advancements, the preservation of traditional bookstores emerges as an imperative. Beyond serving as commercial entities, these establishments foster community engagement, celebrate cultural diversity, and act as bulwarks against the homogenizing influence of digitalization on the literary panorama.”

May this guide assist you in crafting a thesis that combines formal rigor with engaging articulation in your scholarly pursuits.

Ethical Considerations in Controversial Research

Delving into controversial research is like treading a fine line – it demands ethical navigation with a touch of finesse. Here’s a rundown of the ethical considerations, presented in a way that’s both formal and engaging:

Informed Consent

Imagine your research as an exclusive club. Everyone’s invited, but they need to know what they’re signing up for. Get that green light with clear, informed consent that spills the beans on the study’s ins and outs.

Privacy Protection

Treat participants’ info like it’s VIP access. Anonymize data, keep personal details on a need-to-know basis, and assure them it’s like Vegas – what happens in the study stays in the study.

Balancing Transparency and Protection

Picture your research as a mysterious magic trick. You want to reveal some secrets (transparency) but keep the big finale under wraps (protecting participant identities). Strike that perfect balance for a show-stopping performance.

Avoiding Harm

Think of potential harm as your research nemesis. Identify it early, swoop in like a superhero, and implement measures to save the day. The well-being of participants is your top priority.

Cultural Sensitivity

Your research is a world tour, and each participant brings a unique flavor. Be the respectful traveler – acknowledge and respect cultural differences. Your study should celebrate diversity, not flatten it.

Balanced Representation

Imagine your research findings as characters in a story. Treat them all fairly, no favoritism. Avoid plot twists that manipulate data – keep it real, even if it challenges your storyline.

Addressing Power Dynamics

Think of power dynamics as the seesaw in a playground. Ensure it’s balanced, especially with vulnerable participants. Your research should be a game where everyone plays fair and leaves feeling empowered.

Continuous Monitoring

Your research is a live performance, not a recorded show. Keep an eye on the audience (ethical considerations) throughout. Be ready to switch gears if unexpected issues pop up, just like a skilled improv artist.

Full Disclosure

Your research is an open book – no hidden chapters. Disclose any potential conflicts of interest. It’s like giving your readers the behind-the-scenes scoop – they appreciate the honesty.

Compliance with Regulations

Think of regulations as the rules of the game. Play by them. Whether it’s a code of conduct or review board guidelines, follow the script to ensure your research stays on the ethical stage.

Responsible Communication

Imagine your research findings as breaking news. Deliver them responsibly. Avoid turning it into a scandal – be accurate, respectful, and mindful of potential impacts.

By weaving these ethical considerations into your research narrative, you’re not just conducting a study – you’re orchestrating an ethical symphony that resonates with both formality and engagement.

Common Challenges and How to Overcome Them

Navigating the realm of controversial research is like treading a tightrope — you’ve got to maintain balance while keeping ethical considerations in check. Let’s break down these ethics in a way that’s both formal and engaging:

It’s like getting a backstage pass – make sure your participants know exactly what they’re signing up for. Lay out the deets, the potential twists and turns, and get their voluntary green light.

Think of your participants as secret agents. Anonymize their data, keep their identities under wraps, and make sure you’re not collecting more info than a super-sleuth needs.

Be the magician who reveals some tricks but keeps the big ones hidden. Strive for transparency in your methods without pulling back the curtain too much on your participants.

Picture your research as a rollercoaster – it should be thrilling but not stomach-churning. Do a risk assessment, strap in safety measures, and ensure your participants enjoy the ride without any unexpected twists.

Treat cultural nuances like the special ingredients in a recipe. Be aware, be respectful, and avoid accidentally spicing up your research with stereotypes .

Imagine your research as a buffet – serve a bit of everything. Avoid cooking up data, present diverse perspectives, and make sure your audience leaves satisfied with a balanced meal.

In the dance of research, be the partner that leads without stepping on toes. Be aware of power imbalances and ensure your participants are dancing willingly, not feeling like they’re stuck in an awkward tango.

It’s like steering a ship – keep an eye on the ethical compass. Be ready to adjust your course if stormy ethical seas appear on the horizon during your research journey.

Be the open book on the shelf – disclose any potential conflicts of interest. It’s like saying, “Hey, these are my biases, but let’s still have an honest conversation.”

Think of ethical guidelines as the rules of the game. Play fair, follow institutional guidelines, and stay on the right side of the ethical referee.

Your research findings are the story you tell the world. Be the storyteller who’s truthful, avoids dramatic twists for the sake of drama, and ensures your tale doesn’t cause unintended harm.

So, as you dive into the world of controversial research, think of yourself as the ethical superhero – fighting the good fight while keeping it engaging for everyone involved!

Writing Tips for Controversial Research Papers

Check out the writing tips for controversial research papers:-

Embark on a Research Adventure

Dive deep into the rabbit hole of research for your topic. The more you explore, the better armed you’ll be for the writing battle ahead.

Declare Your Battle Cry – A Strong Thesis

Your thesis is your rallying cry. Declare it boldly in your introduction, setting the stage for the epic intellectual journey you’re about to take your readers on.

Dance with Opposing Views

This isn’t a one-sided tango. Dance with the opposition gracefully; show them you’ve got moves. Acknowledge their arguments and counter them with finesse.

Strive for Fair Play

Be the referee in this argumentative game. Play fair. No sneaky moves or foul play. A fair game wins respect.

The Credibility Arsenal – Use Reliable Sources

Arm yourself with the strongest weapons—credible sources. Journals, books, and trustworthy publications are your swords and shields.

Structure: Build Your Argument Fortress

Erect a solid fortress for your ideas. Organize your paper logically – an introduction moat, body paragraph walls, and a conclusion drawbridge.

Open with a Bang – Engaging Introduction

Grab your reader by the intellectual collar right from the start. An engaging introduction is your battle cry. Make them want to join the fray.

Focused Body: Unleash Paragraph Soldiers

Each paragraph is a soldier in your army, ready to tackle a different aspect of your argument. Equip them well, and send them into the battle of ideas.

Critical Analysis – Be the Detective

Put on your detective hat. Analyze evidence like Sherlock, not like a casual observer. Uncover the hidden meanings, solve the intellectual mysteries.

Speak Clearly – Language is Your Sword

Your language is your sword. Sharpen your words, cut through confusion, and let your ideas flow like a swift river.

Emotion without Drama – A Balanced Approach

Add a dash of passion, but hold the drama. Think Shakespearean tragedy, not soap opera. Passionate, not over the top.

Conclusion – The Victory Lap

The conclusion is your triumphant march. Summarize your achievements, remind them why you’re the intellectual champion.

Editing – Refine Your Masterpiece

Edit like a sculptor refining a masterpiece. Smooth the edges, chisel away the unnecessary, until your creation is a work of art.

Seek Fellow Adventurers’ Opinions

Gather your fellowship—peers, mentors, wise old sages. Their insights might unveil the hidden traps in your writing quest.

Stay Objective, the Noble Scribe

Be the noble scribe, chronicling the facts without bias. Your goal isn’t to conquer minds but to spark intellectual fires.

Remember, your paper is not just a battleground of ideas; it’s an intellectual quest, an invitation for others to embark on a journey of contemplation and discussion.

So, picture this: we’ve been on a rollercoaster of controversial topics, from social justice to healthcare drama and tech ethics – a real Netflix binge of ideas, if you will. And guess what? It’s been a blast!

Picking a controversial topic is like choosing the juiciest gossip in town. You want something that makes people go, “No way, really?” It’s the spice of the intellectual world.

Now, as we wrap this up, let me tell you – controversial topics are the rockstars of research. They’re like a concert where different opinions grab their instruments and jam together.

Whether you’re digging into social activism, decoding tech mysteries, or playing detective with global politics, it’s not just about scholarly stuff. It’s like you’re throwing your own party in the world of ideas.

And sure, controversies can be messy, like a pizza with too many toppings. But hey, that’s where the flavor is! Stirring up conversations, making folks think – it’s like you’re the chef in the kitchen of change.

So, fellow research rockstars, as you embark on your own controversy tour, think of yourselves as the intellectual Beyoncé – dropping knowledge bombs and setting the stage on fire. It’s not just about finding answers; it’s about turning heads with the questions you ask.

In this never-ending sitcom called life, remember, the controversies you dive into today might just be the watercooler talk of tomorrow. So, keep it real, keep it curious, and let your research be the showstopper that leaves everyone wanting an encore. Cheers to your intellectual journey!

Frequently Asked Questions

How can i handle emotional responses from readers.

Address emotions with empathy, maintaining an objective and respectful tone.

How do I handle criticism of my controversial research?

Use criticism as an opportunity for improvement, refining your arguments and evidence.

Related Posts

100+ Most Qualitative Research Topics For High School Students In 2024

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50 Argumentative Essay Topics

Illustration by Catherine Song. ThoughtCo. 

• M.Ed., Education Administration, University of Georgia
• B.A., History, Armstrong State University

An argumentative essay requires you to decide on a topic and take a position on it. You'll need to back up your viewpoint with well-researched facts and information as well. One of the hardest parts is deciding which topic to write about, but there are plenty of ideas available to get you started.

Choosing a Great Argumentative Essay Topic

Students often find that most of their work on these essays is done before they even start writing. This means that it's best if you have a general interest in your subject, otherwise you might get bored or frustrated while trying to gather information. (You don't need to know everything, though.) Part of what makes this experience rewarding is learning something new.

It's best if you have a general interest in your subject, but the argument you choose doesn't have to be one that you agree with.

The subject you choose may not necessarily be one that you are in full agreement with, either. You may even be asked to write a paper from the opposing point of view. Researching a different viewpoint helps students broaden their perspectives. 

Ideas for Argument Essays

Sometimes, the best ideas are sparked by looking at many different options. Explore this list of possible topics and see if a few pique your interest. Write those down as you come across them, then think about each for a few minutes.

Which would you enjoy researching? Do you have a firm position on a particular subject? Is there a point you would like to make sure to get across? Did the topic give you something new to think about? Can you see why someone else may feel differently?

50 Possible Topics

A number of these topics are rather controversial—that's the point. In an argumentative essay, opinions matter and controversy is based on opinions, which are, hopefully, backed up by facts.   If these topics are a little too controversial or you don't find the right one for you, try browsing through persuasive essay and speech topics  as well.

• Is global climate change  caused by humans?
• Is the death penalty effective?
• Is our election process fair?
• Is torture ever acceptable?
• Should men get paternity leave from work?
• Are school uniforms beneficial?
• Do we have a fair tax system?
• Do curfews keep teens out of trouble?
• Is cheating out of control?
• Are we too dependent on computers?
• Should animals be used for research?
• Should cigarette smoking be banned?
• Are cell phones dangerous?
• Are law enforcement cameras an invasion of privacy?
• Do we have a throwaway society?
• Is child behavior better or worse than it was years ago?
• Should companies market to children?
• Should the government have a say in our diets?
• Does access to condoms prevent teen pregnancy?
• Should members of Congress have term limits?
• Are actors and professional athletes paid too much?
• Are CEOs paid too much?
• Should athletes be held to high moral standards?
• Do violent video games cause behavior problems?
• Should creationism be taught in public schools?
• Are beauty pageants exploitative ?
• Should English be the official language of the United States?
• Should the racing industry be forced to use biofuels?
• Should the alcohol drinking age be increased or decreased?
• Should everyone be required to recycle?
• Is it okay for prisoners to vote (as they are in some states)?
• Is it good that same-sex couples are able to marry?
• Are there benefits to attending a single-sex school ?
• Does boredom lead to trouble?
• Should schools be in session year-round ?
• Does religion cause war?
• Should the government provide health care?
• Should abortion be illegal?
• Are girls too mean to each other?
• Is homework harmful or helpful?
• Is the cost of college too high?
• Is college admission too competitive?
• Should euthanasia be illegal?
• Should the federal government legalize marijuana use nationally ?
• Should rich people be required to pay more taxes?
• Should schools require foreign language or physical education?
• Is affirmative action fair?
• Is public prayer okay in schools?
• Are schools and teachers responsible for low test scores?
• Is greater gun control a good idea?
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255 Controversial Research Paper Topics & Ideas

18 January 2024

last updated

Controversial research topics are often polarizing subjects at the intersection of science, ethics, and society. They can range from concerns about technological aspects to their ways of use, raising debates over privacy and the future of human labor. The field of neurobiology also hosts contentious discussions, such as the possibility of mind-reading and memory manipulation. The controversy around such research topics underscores the critical importance of maintaining a delicate balance between advancement and morality. Society needs to balance scientific progress and ethical boundaries, oftentimes facing resistance due to their revolutionary nature and potential for far-reaching impacts.

Hot Controversial Research Topics

• Climate Change Predictions: Alarmist Propaganda or Scientific Reality?
• Ethical Implications of Genetically Modified Organisms in Food Production
• Autonomous Vehicles: Safety Paradigm Shift or Potential Hazard?
• Artificial Intelligence and Job Displacement: Future Prospects
• Income Inequality: Economical Necessity or Societal Flaw?
• Internet Censorship: Protection or Infringement on Freedom?
• Augmented Reality in Education: Potential Benefits and Drawbacks
• Human Cloning: Medical Breakthrough or Ethical Dilemma?
• Animal Experimentation: Scientific Necessity or Cruelty?
• Mandatory Vaccination Policies: Public Health or Personal Rights?
• Concealed Carry Laws: Increased Safety or Potential for Violence?
• Social Media Addiction: Real Issue or Overblown Panic?
• Cryptocurrency Regulation: Economic Stability or Threat to Innovation?
• Privacy Concerns and Breaches in the Age of Big Data
• Legalization of Euthanasia: Compassionate Choice or Slippery Slope?
• Crisis in Affordable Housing: Policy Failures or Market Forces?
• Alternative Medicine: Holistic Healing or Pseudoscientific Nonsense?
• Online Learning Platforms: Revolutionizing Education or Widening the Gap?
• Food Security and Genetically Engineered Crops: Pros and Cons
• Bias in AI Systems: Unintended Consequence or Product of Design?

Simple Controversial Research Topics

• Plastic Bags: Convenience or Ecological Disaster?
• Mandatory School Uniforms: Educational Aid or Unfair Imposition?
• Veganism: Health Trend or Ethical Necessity?
• Internet Privacy: User Responsibility or Company Obligation?
• Exotic Pets: Personal Passion or Ecological Threat?
• Body Modifications: Personal Expression or Health Risk?
• Space Exploration: Worthwhile Investment or Wasteful Expense?
• Sex Education in Schools: Essential Curriculum or Parental Prerogative?
• Celebrity Culture: Harmless Entertainment or Unhealthy Obsession?
• Animal Rights: Welfare Issue or Human Responsibility?
• Artificial Sweeteners: Healthy Alternative or Hidden Danger?
• Nuclear Power: Energy Solution or Environmental Hazard?
• Adoption Rights for Same-Sex Couples: Equality or Child Welfare Concern?
• Fast Fashion: Economic Driver or Environmental Culprit?
• Homeschooling: Parental Right or Educational Challenge?
• Genetic Testing: Health Precaution or Ethical Minefield?
• E-Sports: Genuine Sport or Mere Entertainment?
• Minimum Wage Hikes: Economic Boost or Business Burden?
• Daylight Saving Time: Energy Conservation or Unnecessary Inconvenience

Interesting Controversial Research Topics

• Quantum Computing: Disruptive Innovation or Overhyped Technology?
• Neuroplasticity and Mindfulness: Neuroscientific Reality or Pop Culture Myth?
• Dark Matter: Astounding Discovery or Scientific Misconception?
• Epigenetics in Disease Propagation: Cutting Edge Insight or Confounding Variable?
• Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery: Panacea or Pandora’s Box?
• Biometric Data in Surveillance: Privacy Implications and Ethical Dilemmas
• Modern Technology: Ethical Boundaries in Genetic Editing
• Artificial Superintelligence: Inevitable Future or Unfounded Fear?
• Metamaterials in Stealth Technology: Transformative Development or Security Concern?
• Technological Singularity: Feasible Possibility or Science Fiction?
• Exoplanets and Possibility of Extraterrestrial Life: Scientific Probability or Wishful Thinking?
• Consciousness and Quantum Physics: Valid Connection or Pseudoscientific Claim?
• Bioinformatics in Personalized Medicine: Promising Progress or Unrealistic Promise?
• Transhumanism: Ethical and Philosophical Implications
• Cyber Warfare: Unseen Threat in the Digital Age
• Teleportation in Quantum Mechanics: Theoretical Possibility or Sci-Fi Dream?
• Neural Interfaces: Revolution in Human-Computer Interaction or Ethical Quandary?
• Post-Quantum Cryptography: Securing Future Communication
• Antimatter: Physics’ Most Expensive Substance and Its Potential Uses
• Decoding Dark Energy: Unraveling the Universe’s Biggest Mystery

Popular Controversial Research Topics

• Climate Change Denial: Misunderstanding Science or Political Agenda?
• Medical Marijuana: Therapeutic Use or Gateway Drug?
• Gun Control Laws: Safety Precaution or Infringement of Rights?
• GMO Foods: Feeding the World or Health Risk?
• Public Surveillance: Security Measure or Invasion of Privacy?
• Online Privacy: An Illusion in the Digital Age?
• Artificial Intelligence: Progress or Threat?
• Fake News: Media Misinformation in the Digital Age
• Death Penalty: Justice Served or Inhumane Punishment?
• Single-Sex Education: Beneficial Approach or Unfair Segregation?
• Euthanasia: Right to Die with Dignity or Ethical Issue?
• Freedom of Speech: Unrestricted Right or Need for Regulation?
• Animal Testing: Necessary Evil or Unjustifiable Cruelty?
• Vaccines and Autism: Science or Myth?
• Legalization of Prostitution: Women’s Right or Exploitation?
• Social Media: Communication Revolution or Toxic Influence?
• Body Image and Media: Unhealthy Standards or Consumer’s Choice?
• Police Brutality: Systemic Problem or Isolated Incidents?
• Reality TV: Harmless Entertainment or Societal Degradation?

Captivating Controversial Research Topics

• Multiverse Theory: Groundbreaking Concept or Unprovable Hypothesis?
• Emerging Pathogens: Epidemiological Threats in the Anthropocene
• Epigenetic Inheritance: Revolutionizing Understanding of Heredity
• Quantum Entanglement: Implications for Faster-Than-Light Communication
• Probing Panspermia: Cosmic Origin of Life on Earth?
• Superconductivity at Room Temperature: Implications for Energy Transmission
• Biological Immortality: Theoretical Possibility or Pseudoscientific Fantasy?
• Mind Uploading: Digital Immortality or Ethical Nightmare?
• Genome Editing in Human Embryos: Pioneering Medicine or Unethical Practice?
• Artificial Photosynthesis: Renewable Energy’s Holy Grail?
• Nootropics and Cognitive Enhancement: Neuroethical Considerations
• Fusion Power: Realistic Path to Clean Energy or Technological Mirage?
• Regenerative Medicine: Healing Potential or Ethical Quagmire?
• Machine Consciousness: Technological Reality or Philosophical Conundrum?
• Astrobiology and Extraterrestrial Intelligence: Probable Existence or Wishful Thinking?
• Large Hadron Collider: Unraveling the Universe or Risking Its Destruction?
• Genetically Modified Babies: Medical Breakthrough or Ethical Catastrophe?
• Psychedelics in Mental Health Treatment: Revolution in Psychiatry or Reckless Approach?
• Artificial Wombs and Ectogenesis: Futuristic Medicine or Ethical Minefield?
• Synthetic Biology: Redefining Life or Crossing Dangerous Boundaries?

Amazing Controversial Research Topics

• Climate Engineering: Solution to Global Warming or Dangerous Interference?
• Designer Babies: Genetic Advancement or Unethical Practice?
• Autonomous Drones: Security Innovation or Privacy Nightmare?
• Quantum Encryption: Unbreakable Security or Potential Cyber Threat?
• Time Travel: Scientific Possibility or Pure Fiction?
• Biohacking: Human Enhancement or Ethical Quandary?
• Space Tourism: Next Frontier or Excessive Luxury?
• Cybernetic Implants: Futuristic Medicine or Invasion of Privacy?
• Artificial General Intelligence: Next Technological Revolution or Existential Risk?
• Cognitive Computing: Harnessing the Power of the Human Brain?
• Extraterrestrial Mining: Space Opportunity or Environmental Hazard?
• Nanobots in Medicine: The Future of Healing or Science Fiction?
• Neuroprosthetics: Overcoming Disabilities or Ethical Minefield?
• Mars Colonization: Humanity’s Future or Unattainable Fantasy?
• Virtual Reality in Therapy: Healing Innovation or Potential Misuse?
• Lab-Grown Meat: Sustainable Solution or Ethical Dilemma?
• Psychedelics for Psychotherapy: Breakthrough or Dangerous Precedent?
• Blockchain Beyond Cryptocurrency: Revolutionizing Industries?
• Cyborg Technology: Blurring the Line Between Humans and Machines?
• Hyperloop Transport: Future of Travel or Unrealistic Vision?

Impressive Controversial Research Topics

• Human Longevity: Natural Limits or Extendable Lifespan?
• Cybernetic Enhancement: Technological Progress or Ethical Dilemma?
• Artificial Superintelligence: Salvation or Doomsday Device?
• Interstellar Travel: Cosmic Ambition or Scientific Fiction?
• Telepathy and Neuroscience: Brain-to-Brain Communication Possibility?
• Climate Refugees: Addressing the Unseen Impact of Global Warming
• Augmented Humans: Technological Advancement or Ethical Quagmire?
• De-Extinction: Rewriting History or Upsetting Natural Order?
• Nanotechnology in Environmental Clean-Up: Magic Solution or Hype?
• Space Elevators: Revolutionary Concept or Impossible Construction?
• Conscious Artificial Intelligence: Technological Achievement or Moral Catastrophe?
• Biological Aging: Inevitable Process or Treatable Condition?
• Mind Reading Technology: Breakthrough or Privacy Invasion?
• Personalized Medicine: Individual Care or Discriminatory Practice?
• Bioluminescent Plants: Natural Lighting Solution or Ecological Hazard?
• Quantum Internet: Superfast Communication or Security Threat?
• 5G Technology: Next Generation Connectivity or Health Risk?
• Human-Machine Fusion: Next Step in Evolution or Ethical Nightmare?
• Bioengineered Organs: Pioneering Medicine or Uncharted Territory?

Controversial Research Topics for High School

• School Uniforms: Suppressing Individuality or Promoting Discipline?
• Social Media Influence: Shaping Identities or Breeding Narcissism?
• Video Games: Creative Outlet or Violent Influence?
• Censorship in Literature: Protecting Youth or Limiting Freedom?
• Climate Change Education: Critical Knowledge or Political Indoctrination?
• Cell Phone Use in Schools: Tool for Learning or Distraction?
• College Admissions: Merit-Based or Biased?
• Standardized Testing: Measuring Competence or Creating Stress?
• Cyberbullying: Virtual Teasing or Real Harm?
• Sexual Education: Comprehensive Information or Encouraging Promiscuity?
• School Shootings: Gun Issue or Mental Health Crisis?
• Junk Food in Schools: Personal Choice or Public Health Problem?
• Competitive Sports in Schools: Building Character or Unnecessary Pressure?
• Beauty Pageants: Celebrating Beauty or Promoting Sexism?
• Student Privacy Rights: Essential Freedom or Safety Risk?
• Intelligent Design in Schools: Alternate Theory or Religious Imposition?
• Celebrity Role Models: Inspirational or Damaging?
• Homeschooling vs. Traditional Schooling: Effective Education or Sheltered Learning?
• Parental Monitoring: Necessary Supervision or Invasion of Privacy?
• School Prayer: Freedom of Religion or Violation of Separation of Church and State?

Controversial Research Topics for Middle School

• Animal Testing: Scientific Necessity or Cruelty?
• Video Games: Harmful Distraction or Learning Tool?
• School Uniforms: Unifying Dress Code or Freedom Restriction?
• Social Media Usage: Fun Interaction or Potential Danger?
• Climate Change: Real Threat or Scientific Misunderstanding?
• Zoos: Educational Institutions or Animal Prisons?
• Homework: Beneficial Practice or Unnecessary Burden?
• Bullying: School Issue or Social Problem?
• Fast Food: Convenient Meal or Health Hazard?
• Music Lyrics: Artistic Expression or Harmful Influence?
• Recycling: Environmental Duty or Waste of Time?
• Veganism: Lifestyle Choice or Dietary Necessity?
• Cell Phones in Class: Useful Tool or Distraction?
• Violence in Cartoons: Harmless Humor or Negative Influence?
• Exotic Pets: Fascinating Companions or Ecological Threat?
• Single-Sex Schools: Better Learning Environment or Outdated Concept?
• Competitive Sports: Healthy Activity or Too Much Pressure?
• Reality TV Shows: Harmless Entertainment or Negative Influence?
• School Lunches: Nutritional Balance or Junk Food Paradise?
• Global Warming: Immediate Concern or Overstated Problem?

Controversial Research Topics for College Students

• College Tuition: Fair Price or Financial Burden?
• Internet Privacy: Fundamental Right or Luxury?
• Artificial Intelligence: Technological Revolution or Threat to Jobs?
• Legalizing Marijuana: Recreational Freedom or Gateway to Addiction?
• Animal Rights vs. Medical Research: Where to Draw the Line?
• Euthanasia: Compassionate Option or Ethical Dilemma?
• Genetically Modified Foods: Solution to Hunger or Health Risk?
• Privacy vs. Security: Balancing Act in the Digital Age?
• Body Cameras for Police: Tool for Accountability or Privacy Invasion?
• Globalization: Economic Boom or Cultural Erosion?
• Student Loan Debt: Necessary Evil or Financial Trap?
• Immigration Policies: Humanitarian Aid or National Security Concern?
• Single-Use Plastics: Convenient Tool or Environmental Disaster?
• Genetic Engineering: Medical Breakthrough or Playing God?
• Capital Punishment: Effective Deterrent or Barbaric Practice?
• Sex Education: Comprehensive Approach or Abstinence-Only?
• Climate Change: Scientific Consensus or Politicized Issue?
• Nuclear Energy: Sustainable Power Source or Environmental Hazard?
• Freedom of Speech: Absolute Right or Subject to Limitations?

Controversial Research Topics for University

• Net Neutrality: Free Access or Controlled Traffic?
• Censorship in Media: Necessary Control or Freedom Infringement?
• Religious Freedom vs. Discrimination: Balancing Act or Clear Boundary?
• Genetically Modified Organisms: Food Security or Health Risk?
• Animal Rights in Scientific Research: Unavoidable Sacrifice or Ethical Violation?
• Cryptocurrency Regulation: Financial Innovation or Potential Fraud?
• Fracking: Energy Solution or Environmental Disaster?
• Big Data: Privacy Concern or Unavoidable Necessity?
• Euthanasia: Compassionate Practice or Morally Unacceptable?
• Artificial Intelligence: Ethical Implications and Accountability
• Political Correctness: Respectful Language or Limitation of Speech?
• Stem Cell Research: Medical Breakthrough or Ethical Dilemma?
• Free College Education: Right or Privilege?
• Cyber Warfare: Invisible Threat in Global Security
• Minimum Wage: Economical Solution or Unemployment Risk?
• Legalization of Recreational Drugs: Personal Freedom or Public Health Issue?
• Torture for National Security: Justified Precaution or Human Rights Violation?
• Artificial Meat: Sustainable Solution or Ethical Issue?
• Self-Driving Cars: Future of Transportation or Safety Hazard?
• Geoengineering: Climate Change Solution or Risky Manipulation?

Controversial Research Topics for Master’s

• Cryptocurrency: Disruption in Financial Systems or Bubble Waiting to Burst?
• Bioethics in Genetic Engineering: Navigating Uncharted Territory
• Artificial Intelligence: Autonomy and Accountability Issues
• Neuralink and Neuroethics: Implantable Brain-Machine Interfaces
• Transhumanism: Technological Evolution or Ethical Nightmare?
• Darknet Markets: Anonymity, Cryptocurrency, and Law Enforcement
• Feminism in the 21st Century: Progress or Polarization?
• Climate Change Mitigation: Technological Solutions vs. Behavioral Change
• Digital Privacy: Balancing National Security and Individual Rights
• Space Law: Ownership, Exploitation, and Settlement of Extraterrestrial Bodies
• Immortality through Science: Possibility or Ethical Conundrum?
• Psychology of Radicalization: Pathways to Extremism
• Alternative Energy: Viability of Nuclear Fusion Power
• Biometrics: Security Advancement or Privacy Invasion?
• Robot Ethics: Machine Morality in an Automated World
• Future of Work: Impact of Automation and AI on Labor Market
• Cyber Diplomacy: Politics in the Age of Information Warfare
• Internet of Things: Security Implications and Regulatory Measures
• Anthropocene Era: Human Activity and Earth’s Geology

Controversial Research Topics for Ph.D.

• Quantum Computing: Revolutionary Technology or Hyped Potential?
• Geoengineering: Mitigating Climate Change or Playing God?
• Nanomedicine: Frontier of Healthcare or Pandora’s Box?
• Artificial Superintelligence: Technological Singularity or Existential Threat?
• Space Colonization: Humanity’s Destiny or Fantasy?
• Epigenomics: Unveiling the Complexity of Life Beyond Genetics
• Neuroplasticity: The Brain’s Adaptability or Myth?
• Cyber Autonomy: Security Implications and Strategic Concerns
• Xenotransplantation: Medical Breakthrough or Biological Time Bomb?
• Bioinformatics in Personalized Medicine: Promise or Peril?
• Crispr Gene-Editing: Revolutionizing Medicine or Ethical Minefield?
• Deep Learning Algorithms: Pathway to AI or Black Box Mystery?
• Holography in Data Storage: Future of Information or Overambitious Idea?
• Teleportation: Quantum Physics Breakthrough or Science Fiction?
• Dark Energy and the Expanding Universe: Unveiling Cosmic Mysteries
• Artificial Wombs: Potential in Reproductive Medicine or Ethical Dilemma?
• Technological Singularity: Inevitable Future or Pseudoscientific Prediction?
• Quantum Gravity: Unifying Theory or Theoretical Mirage?
• Posthumanism: Philosophical Discourse in the Age of Technological Transformation
• Decoding Consciousness: Neuroscience’s Biggest Challenge or Philosophical Conundrum?

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Top 70 Controversial Debate Topics For Critical Thinkers in 2023

Jane Ng • 05 Oct 2023 • 6 min read

Whether you love or hate them, controversial debate topics are an inescapable part of our lives. They challenge our beliefs and push us out of our comfort zones, forcing us to examine our assumptions and biases. With so many controversial issues, you needn’t go far if you’re looking for a compelling debate. This blog post will provide you with a list of controversial debate topics to inspire your next discussion.

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Table of Contents

What are controversial debate topics, good controversial debate topics, fun controversial debate topics.

• Controversial Debate Topics For Teens 

Social Controversial Debate Topics

• Controversial Debate Topics On Current Events 
• Key Takeaways 

Frequently Asked Questions

Controversial debate topics are subjects – that can spark strong opinions and disagreements among people with different beliefs and values. These topics can cover various subjects, such as social issues, politics, ethics, and culture, and may challenge traditional beliefs or established norms.

One thing that makes these topics controversial is that there is often no clear consensus or agreement among people, which can lead to debates and disagreements. Each person may have their own interpretation of the facts or values that influence their perspective. It’s difficult for all to reach a resolution or agreement.

Despite the potential for heated discussions, controversial debate topics can be a great way to explore different viewpoints, challenge assumptions, and promote critical thinking and open dialogue. 

However, it is crucial to distinguish controversial topics from controversial opinions – statements or actions that cause disagreement or conflict. 

• For example, climate change can be controversial, but a politician’s comment denying the existence of climate change can be controversial.
• Is social media harming society more than it helps?
• Is it appropriate to make marijuana legal for recreational use?
• Should college be provided for free?
• Should schools teach comprehensive sex education?
• Is it ethical to use animals for scientific research?
• Does human activity account for the majority of climate change?
• Should beauty pageants be stopped?
• Are credit cards doing more harm than good?
• Should diet pills be banned?
• Should human cloning be permitted?
• Should there be stricter laws on gun ownership or fewer restrictions?
• Is climate change a serious issue that requires urgent action, or is it overblown and exaggerated?
• Should individuals have the right to end their own lives in certain circumstances?
• Should certain types of speech or expression be censored or restricted?
• Is eating animal meat unethical?
• Should there be more or less strict regulations on immigration and refugee policies?
• Is job security the biggest motivation rather than money?
• Are zoos doing more harm than good?
• Are parents legally responsible for their children’s actions?
• Does peer pressure have a net positive or negative impact?

• Is it better to have a small group of close friends or a large group of acquaintances?
• Should you brush your teeth before or after breakfast?
• Should you put mayo or ketchup on the fries?
• Is it acceptable to dip fries in a milkshake?
• Should you brush your teeth before or after breakfast? 
• Is it better to use a bar of soap or liquid soap? 
• Is waking early or staying up late better?
• Should you make your bed every day?
• Should you wear a mask in public places?

Controversial Debate Topics For Teens 

• Should teenagers access birth control without parental consent?
• Should the voting age be lowered to 16?
• Should parents have access to their children’s social media accounts?
• Should cell phone use be allowed during school hours?
• Is homeschooling a better option than traditional schooling?
• Should the school day start later to allow for more sleep for students?
• Is studying should be voluntary?
• Should schools be allowed to discipline students for social media use outside of school?
• Should school hours be reduced?
• Should drivers be banned from using mobile phones while driving?
• Should the legal driving age be raised to 19 in some countries?
• Should students take classes on parenting?
• Should teenagers be allowed to work part-time jobs during the school year?
• Should social media platforms be held responsible for the spread of misinformation?
• Should schools make drug testing mandatory for students?
• Should cyberbullying be considered to be an offense?
• Should teens be allowed to have relationships with significant age differences?
• Should schools allow students to carry concealed weapons for self-defense?
• Should teens be allowed to get tattoos and piercings without parental consent?
• Is online learning as effective as in-person learning?

• Should hate speech be protected under freedom of speech laws?
• Should the government provide a guaranteed basic income for all citizens?
• Is affirmative action necessary to address systemic inequalities in society?
• Should Violence/Sex on TV be abolished?
• Should illegal immigrants be allowed to receive social welfare benefits?
• Is the pay discrepancy between men and women the result of discrimination?
• Should the government regulate the use of artificial intelligence?
• Should healthcare be a universal human right?
• Should the assault weapons ban be extended?
• Should billionaires be taxed at a higher rate than the average citizen?
• Is it necessary to legalize and regulate prostitution?
• Who is more important in the family, father or mother?
• Is GPA an outdated way of assessing a student’s knowledge?
• Is the war on drugs a failure?
• Should vaccinations be mandatory for all children?

Controversial Debate Topics On Current Events 

• Is the use of social media algorithms to spread misinformation a threat to democracy?
• Should COVID-19 vaccine mandates be implemented?
• Is the use of artificial intelligence ethical in the workplace?
• Should AI be used instead of humans?
• Should companies be required to provide advance notice of lay-offs to employees?
• Is it ethical for companies to lay off employees while CEOs and other executives receive large bonuses?

Key Takeaways

Hopefully, with 70 controversial debate topics, you can expand your knowledge and gain new perspectives. 

However, it is essential to approach these topics with respect, an open mind, and a willingness to listen and learn from others. Engaging in respectful and meaningful debates on controversial topics with AhaSlides’ template library and interactive features can help us broaden our understanding of the world and each other, and possibly even lead to progress in finding solutions to some of the most pressing issues of our time.

1/ What are good topics to debate about? 

Good topics to debate can vary widely depending on the interests and perspectives of the individuals involved. Here are some examples of good debate topics:

2/ What are some controversial debates? 

Controversial debates are those that involve topics that can generate strong and opposing viewpoints and opinions. These topics are often contentious and can provoke heated arguments and debates among individuals or groups who hold different beliefs and values. 

Here are some examples:

3/ What is an emotional and controversial topic? 

An emotional and controversial topic can provoke strong emotional reactions and divides people based on their personal experiences, values, and beliefs. 

For example:

Do you still want to be more explicit about an excellent debater portrait? Here, we’ll give a practical and convincing example of a good debater for you to learn and hone your debate skills.

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Controversial topics - Introduction

Researching controversial topics, what makes a topic controversial.

Something that is controversial is an object of debate. There are viewpoints that are in conflict. The word "controversial" is formed from the root words  contra  and  versus, which gives you a sense of the conflicting perspectives. 

Where do you start?

Background research: learning about the topic and the main elements

• What are the main points of the issue?
• What do people agree on?
• What is it that people disagree about?

Tip: try a database in the page "Find Information For / Against"

"A THOUGHT FOR TODAY from A.Word.A.Day" by Wordsmith.org

is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

What do you do with the information you find?

Consider what statements are Facts and which are Opinions

• Facts are verifiable
• Opinions are ways of interpreting the evidence

Example : the number of students enrolled at a university is a fact. Whether the number means the university is popular is an opinion.

Does your assignment ask you to draw a conclusion, present your own opinion, or just gather the points of the debate?

The purpose of your assignment will influence how you put together your project (written or otherwise)

Tip:  for writing help, try the link in the left navigation menu titled "Research & writing help"

If you need to choose a topic

Sometimes topics are assigned by the instructor. If not, and you need to choose one yourself, consider picking something that interests you but about which you're not an expert. This way you'll have motivation to investigate the topic and enough unknowns to help keep the search interesting.

• Next: Find information For / Against >>
• Last Updated: Mar 13, 2024 4:03 PM
• URL: https://libguides.sdsu.edu/controversial-topics

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80 fascinating psychology research questions for your next project

Last updated

15 February 2024

Reviewed by

Brittany Ferri, PhD, OTR/L

Psychology research is essential for furthering our understanding of human behavior and improving the diagnosis and treatment of psychological conditions.

When psychologists know more about how different social and cultural factors influence how humans act, think, and feel, they can recommend improvements to practices in areas such as education, sport, healthcare, and law enforcement.

Below, you will find 80 research question examples across 16 branches of psychology. First, though, let’s look at some tips to help you select a suitable research topic.

• How to choose a good psychology research topic

Psychology has many branches that break down further into topics. Choosing a topic for your psychology research paper can be daunting because there are so many to choose from. It’s an important choice, as the topic you select will open up a range of questions to explore.

The tips below can help you find a psychology research topic that suits your skills and interests.

Tip #1: Select a topic that interests you

Passion and interest should fuel every research project. A topic that fascinates you will most likely interest others as well. Think about the questions you and others might have and decide on the issues that matter most. Draw on your own interests, but also keep your research topical and relevant to others.

Don’t limit yourself to a topic that you already know about. Instead, choose one that will make you want to know more and dig deeper. This will keep you motivated and excited about your research.

Tip #2: Choose a topic with a manageable scope

If your topic is too broad, you can get overwhelmed by the amount of information available and have trouble maintaining focus. On the other hand, you may find it difficult to find enough information if you choose a topic that is too narrow.

To determine if the topic is too broad or too narrow, start researching as early as possible. If you find there’s an overwhelming amount of research material, you’ll probably need to narrow the topic down. For example, instead of researching the general population, it might be easier to focus on a specific age group. Ask yourself what area of the general topic interests you most and focus on that.

If your scope is too narrow, try to generalize or focus on a larger related topic. Expand your search criteria or select additional databases for information. Consider if the topic is too new to have much information published on it as well.

Tip #3: Select a topic that will produce useful and relevant insights

Doing some preliminary research will reveal any existing research on the topic. If there is existing research, will you be able to produce new insights? You might need to focus on a different area or see if the existing research has limitations that you can overcome.

Bear in mind that finding new information from which to draw fresh insights may be impossible if your topic has been over-researched.

You’ll also need to consider whether your topic is relevant to current trends and needs. For example, researching psychology topics related to social media use may be highly relevant today.

• 80 psychology research topics and questions

Psychology is a broad subject with many branches and potential areas of study. Here are some of them:

Developmental

Personality

Experimental

Organizational

Educational

Neuropsychology

Controversial topics

Below we offer some suggestions on research topics and questions that can get you started. Keep in mind that these are not all-inclusive but should be personalized to fit the theme of your paper.

Social psychology research topics and questions

Social psychology has roots as far back as the 18th century. In simple terms, it’s the study of how behavior is influenced by the presence and behavior of others. It is the science of finding out who we are, who we think we are, and how our perceptions affect ourselves and others. It looks at personalities, relationships, and group behavior.

Here are some potential research questions and paper titles for this topic:

How does social media use impact perceptions of body image in male adolescents?

2. Is childhood bullying a risk factor for social anxiety in adults?

Is homophobia in individuals caused by genetic or environmental factors?

What is the most important psychological predictor of a person’s willingness to donate to charity?

Does a person’s height impact how other people perceive them? If so, how?

Cognitive psychology research questions

Cognitive psychology is the branch that focuses on the interactions of thinking, emotion, creativity, and problem-solving. It also explores the reasons humans think the way they do.

This topic involves exploring how people think by measuring intelligence, thoughts, and cognition. 

Here are some research question ideas:

6. Is there a link between chronic stress and memory function?

7. Can certain kinds of music trigger memories in people with memory loss?

8. Do remote meetings impact the efficacy of team decision-making?

9. Do word games and puzzles slow cognitive decline in adults over the age of 80?

10. Does watching television impact a child’s reading ability?

Developmental psychology research questions

Developmental psychology is the study of how humans grow and change over their lifespan. It usually focuses on the social, emotional, and physical development of babies and children, though it can apply to people of all ages. Developmental psychology is important for understanding how we learn, mature, and adapt to changes.

Here are some questions that might inspire your research:

11. Does grief accelerate the aging process?

12. How do parent–child attachment patterns influence the development of emotion regulation in teenagers?

13. Does bilingualism affect cognitive decline in adults over the age of 70?

14. How does the transition to adulthood impact decision-making abilities

15. How does early exposure to music impact mental health and well-being in school-aged children?

Personality psychology research questions

Personality psychology studies personalities, how they develop, their structures, and the processes that define them. It looks at intelligence, disposition, moral beliefs, thoughts, and reactions.

The goal of this branch of psychology is to scientifically interpret the way personality patterns manifest into an individual’s behaviors. Here are some example research questions:

16. Nature vs. nurture: Which impacts personality development the most?

17. The role of genetics on personality: Does an adopted child take on their biological parents’ personality traits?

18. How do personality traits influence leadership styles and effectiveness in organizational settings?

19. Is there a relationship between an individual’s personality and mental health?

20. Can a chronic illness affect your personality?

Abnormal psychology research questions

As the name suggests, abnormal psychology is a branch that focuses on abnormal behavior and psychopathology (the scientific study of mental illness or disorders).

Abnormal behavior can be challenging to define. Who decides what is “normal”? As such, psychologists in this area focus on the level of distress that certain behaviors may cause, although this typically involves studying mental health conditions such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and phobias.

Here are some questions to consider:

21. How does technology impact the development of social anxiety disorder?

22. What are the factors behind the rising incidence of eating disorders in adolescents?

23. Are mindfulness-based interventions effective in the treatment of PTSD?

24. Is there a connection between depression and gambling addiction?

25. Can physical trauma cause psychopathy?

Clinical psychology research questions

Clinical psychology deals with assessing and treating mental illness or abnormal or psychiatric behaviors. It differs from abnormal psychology in that it focuses more on treatments and clinical aspects, while abnormal psychology is more behavioral focused.

This is a specialty area that provides care and treatment for complex mental health conditions. This can include treatment, not only for individuals but for couples, families, and other groups. Clinical psychology also supports communities, conducts research, and offers training to promote mental health. This category is very broad, so there are lots of topics to explore.

Below are some example research questions to consider:

26. Do criminals require more specific therapies or interventions?

27. How effective are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in treating mental health disorders?

28. Are there any disadvantages to humanistic therapy?

29. Can group therapy be more beneficial than one-on-one therapy sessions?

30. What are the factors to consider when selecting the right treatment plan for patients with anxiety?

Experimental psychology research questions

Experimental psychology deals with studies that can prove or disprove a hypothesis. Psychologists in this field use scientific methods to collect data on basic psychological processes such as memory, cognition, and learning. They use this data to test the whys and hows of behavior and how outside factors influence its creation.

Areas of interest in this branch relate to perception, memory, emotion, and sensation. The below are example questions that could inspire your own research:

31. Do male or female parents/carers have a more calming influence on children?

32. Will your preference for a genre of music increase the more you listen to it?

33. What are the psychological effects of posting on social media vs. not posting?

34. How is productivity affected by social connection?

35. Is cheating contagious?

Organizational psychology research questions

Organizational psychology studies human behavior in the workplace. It is most frequently used to evaluate an employee, group, or a company’s organizational dynamics. Researchers aim to isolate issues and identify solutions.

This area of study can be beneficial to both employees and employers since the goal is to improve the overall work environment and experience. Researchers apply psychological principles and findings to recommend improvements in performance, communication, job satisfaction, and safety. 

Some potential research questions include the following:

36. How do different leadership styles affect employee morale?

37. Do longer lunch breaks boost employee productivity?

38. Is gender an antecedent to workplace stress?

39. What is the most effective way to promote work–life balance among employees?

40. How do different organizational structures impact the effectiveness of communication, decision-making, and productivity?

Forensic psychology research questions

Some questions to consider exploring in this branch of psychology are:

41. How does incarceration affect mental health?

42. Is childhood trauma a driver for criminal behavior during adulthood?

43. Are people with mental health conditions more likely to be victims of crimes?

44. What are the drivers of false memories, and how do they impact the justice system?

45. Is the media responsible for copycat crimes?

Educational psychology research questions

Educational psychology studies children in an educational setting. It covers topics like teaching methods, aptitude assessment, self-motivation, technology, and parental involvement.

Research in this field of psychology is vital for understanding and optimizing learning processes. It informs educators about cognitive development, learning styles, and effective teaching strategies.

Here are some example research questions:

46. Are different teaching styles more beneficial for children at different times of the day?

47. Can listening to classical music regularly increase a student’s test scores?

48. Is there a connection between sugar consumption and knowledge retention in students?

49. Does sleep duration and quality impact academic performance?

50. Does daily meditation at school influence students’ academic performance and mental health?

Sports psychology research question examples

Sport psychology aims to optimize physical performance and well-being in athletes by using cognitive and behavioral practices and interventions. Some methods include counseling, training, and clinical interventions.

Research in this area is important because it can improve team and individual performance, resilience, motivation, confidence, and overall well-being

Here are some research question ideas for you to consider:

51. How can a famous coach affect a team’s performance?

52. How can athletes control negative emotions in violent or high-contact sports?

53. How does using social media impact an athlete’s performance and well-being?

54. Can psychological interventions help with injury rehabilitation?

55. How can mindfulness practices boost sports performance?

Cultural psychology research question examples

The premise of this branch of psychology is that mind and culture are inseparable. In other words, people are shaped by their cultures, and their cultures are shaped by them. This can be a complex interaction.

Cultural psychology is vital as it explores how cultural context shapes individuals’ thoughts, behaviors, and perceptions. It provides insights into diverse perspectives, promoting cross-cultural understanding and reducing biases.

Here are some ideas that you might consider researching:

56. Are there cultural differences in how people perceive and deal with pain?

57. Are different cultures at increased risk of developing mental health conditions?

58. Are there cultural differences in coping strategies for stress?

59. Do our different cultures shape our personalities?

60. How does multi-generational culture influence family values and structure?

Health psychology research question examples

Health psychology is a crucial field of study. Understanding how psychological factors influence health behaviors, adherence to medical treatments, and overall wellness enables health experts to develop effective interventions and preventive measures, ultimately improving health outcomes.

Health psychology also aids in managing stress, promoting healthy behaviors, and optimizing mental health, fostering a holistic approach to well-being.

Here are five ideas to inspire research in this field:

61. How can health psychology interventions improve lifestyle behaviors to prevent cardiovascular diseases?

62. What role do social norms play in vaping among adolescents?

63. What role do personality traits play in the development and management of chronic pain conditions?

64. How do cultural beliefs and attitudes influence health-seeking behaviors in diverse populations?

65. What are the psychological factors influencing the adherence to preventive health behaviors, such as vaccination and regular screenings?

Neuropsychology research paper question examples

Neuropsychology research explores how a person’s cognition and behavior are related to their brain and nervous system. Researchers aim to advance the diagnosis and treatment of behavioral and cognitive effects of neurological disorders.

Researchers may work with children facing learning or developmental challenges, or with adults with declining cognitive abilities. They may also focus on injuries or illnesses of the brain, such as traumatic brain injuries, to determine the effect on cognitive and behavioral functions.

Neuropsychology informs diagnosis and treatment strategies for conditions such as dementia, traumatic brain injuries, and psychiatric disorders. Understanding the neural basis of behavior enhances our ability to optimize cognitive functioning, rehabilitate people with brain injuries, and improve patient care.

Here are some example research questions to consider:

66. How do neurotransmitter imbalances in specific brain regions contribute to mood disorders such as depression?

67. How can a traumatic brain injury affect memory?

68. What neural processes underlie attention deficits in people with ADHD?

69. Do medications affect the brain differently after a traumatic brain injury?

70. What are the behavioral effects of prolonged brain swelling?

Psychology of religion research question examples

The psychology of religion is a field that studies the interplay between belief systems, spirituality, and mental well-being. It explores the application of the psychological methods and interpretive frameworks of religious traditions and how they relate to both religious and non-religious people.

Psychology of religion research contributes to a holistic understanding of human experiences. It fosters cultural competence and guides therapeutic approaches that respect diverse spiritual beliefs.

Here are some example research questions in this field:

71. What impact does a religious upbringing have on a child’s self-esteem?

72. How do religious beliefs shape decision-making and perceptions of morality?

73. What is the impact of religious indoctrination?

74. Is there correlation between religious and mindfulness practices?

75. How does religious affiliation impact attitudes towards mental health treatment and help-seeking behaviors?

Controversial topics in psychology research question examples

Some psychology topics don’t fit into any of the subcategories above, but they may still be worthwhile topics to consider. These topics are the ones that spark interest, conversation, debate, and disagreement. They are often inspired by current issues and assess the validity of older research.

Consider some of these research question examples:

76. How does the rise in on-screen violence impact behavior in adolescents.

77. Should access to social media platforms be restricted in children under the age of 12 to improve mental health?

78. Are prescription mental health medications over-prescribed in older adults? If so, what are the effects of this?

79. Cognitive biases in AI: what are the implications for decision-making?

80. What are the psychological and ethical implications of using virtual reality in exposure therapy for treating trauma-related conditions?

• Inspiration for your next psychology research project

You can choose from a diverse range of research questions that intersect and overlap across various specialties.

From cognitive psychology to clinical studies, each inquiry contributes to a deeper understanding of the human mind and behavior. Importantly, the relevance of these questions transcends individual disciplines, as many findings offer insights applicable across multiple areas of study.

As health trends evolve and societal needs shift, new topics emerge, fueling continual exploration and discovery. Diving into this ever-changing and expanding area of study enables you to navigate the complexities of the human experience and pave the way for innovative solutions to the challenges of tomorrow.

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205 Controversial Topics for your Essay, Speech, or Debate

Amanda Green was born in a small town in the west of Scotland, where everyone knows everyone. I joined the Toastmasters 15 years ago, and I served in nearly every office in the club since then. I love helping others gain confidence and skills they can apply in every day life.

Do you think social media platforms should censor politicians? No matter how important you feel this issue is relative to other issues of the day, you’re likely to have an opinion one way or the other. Why? Because it’s a controversial matter, and it immediately pushes some buttons in our brains.

What makes issues like this so engaging?

Controversial topics have two features that almost instantly grab people’s attention. On one side, they are both simple and familiar, and so are understandable without any effort. On the other side, they touch on sensitive matters that society as a whole has not yet come to terms with. This makes them tickle our inherent desire for closure. We want to make up our minds once and for all!

So if you’re looking for such a topic for your essay, speech, or debate, you’ve come to the right place!

We’ve compiled a list of hundreds of controversial issues organized by subject matter (You can visit our page on how to write a persuasive controversial essay if you want to improve your base skills). Whether you’re trying to come up with a topic for your science, psychology, history class – or nearly any other topic! – you’re sure to find an issue below that will keep your audience engaged, and even stir up some discussion.

In this article:

Political Debate Topics

Controversial criminal justice topics, controversial religious topics, controversial topics for teens, controversial science topics, controversial sports topics, controversial food topics, controversial nutrition topics, controversial animal topics, controversial topics in psychology, controversial relationship topics, controversial medical topics, controversial topics in nursing, controversial topics in biology, music controversial topics, controversial art topics, controversial history topics, funny controversial topics, what are the pros and cons of controversial topics.

As mentioned earlier, picking a controversial topic almost guarantees that you’ll command your audience’s attention. But such issues have downsides too. We go over the advantages and disadvantages of hot-button issues to help you make the right choice for your essay, speech, or debate.

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• Immediately engaging – Your readers or listeners are unlikely to doze off.
• Easy to find information on – You won’t have to look far to find credible information on controversial issues.
• Likely to keep you absorbed while researching – What’s interesting for your audience will probably keep boredom at bay for you too.
• Too sensitive for some people – These issues often have a strong emotional charge and may even be taboo for some, causing awkward situations.
• Hard to review all points – A huge debate has probably been raging on such topics, so it’s not so easy to cover all your bases and appear knowledgeable on the issue at hand.
• Hard to wrap up – These matters are controversial for a reason. It may be hard to come to a satisfactory conclusion, whether you’re presenting or debating.

Interesting Controversial Topics by Field

Below, we’ve compiled a catalog of fascinating controversial topics by field. Keep in mind that many of these spill over from one category to another, so there is some overlap. Is climate change a political or scientific issue? There’s a controversial question for you!

Controversy is where politics are born. There’s usually some point of disagreement about any matter related to public affairs – that’s why a politician’s main job is to debate and come to an agreement (ideally) on how to handle these issues. Or, as political scientist Harold Lasswell put it succinctly, politics is, “Who gets what, when, how.”

So political issues are controversial by definition. We’ve worked hard to provide you with the longest, most comprehensive list you’ll find anywhere, and any of these topics may be instantly captivating.

• Is democracy the best form of government?
• Should there be a minimum wage?
• Should the government intervene in the free market?
• Should the US government intervene in foreign affairs?
• Should there be term limits for US senators?
• Should the Electoral College be abolished in the US?
• Are there exceptions to the freedom of speech?
• Should hate speech be banned?
• Should the government ensure the protection of privacy?
• Is the gender pay gap real?
• Does institutional racism exist in the US?
• Is affirmative action helping or hurting?
• Is immigration helping or hurting the US?
• Should all illicit drugs be legalized?
• Should prostitution be legalized?
• Should abortion be banned?
• Should there be stricter gun control laws?
• Should automatic weapons be banned?
• Should military service be mandatory?
• Should water be a commodity or a human right?
• Should the government forgive all student debt?

Is justice being served? Few things get under people’s skin as much as perceived injustices. We are more or less programmed to seek fairness both for ourselves and for others. That’s why, similar to political topics, criminal justice issues are naturally engaging.

Appropriate punishment is salient now especially in the US after years of debates and protests related to the killings of minorities like George Floyd, Michael Brown, and Tamir Rice. More recently, the storming of the US Capitol, the role the President’s words had in inciting the perpetrators, and how liable they are when following their President’s words, are also hot-button issues. It’s hard to go wrong with a criminal justice topic.

• Is the death penalty ethical?
• Should people be jailed for drug-related offenses?
• Should police officers be charged for inappropriate use of force?
• Why are minorities disproportionately represented in the US prison population?
• Why does the US have the largest prison population in the world?
• Should mentally unstable people be charged with crimes?
• Should underage repeat offenders be tried as adults?
• Should there be more than 12 jurors in a jury?
• Should felons be allowed to vote?

Religion is a sensitive issue everywhere. Since it often concerns people’s innermost beliefs and principles, it’s not difficult to capture your audience’s attention with a religious topic. But beware that it’s also very easy to offend someone if you’re not careful.

Take religious freedom, for example – a concept interpreted in very different ways by different people. When in 2012 a Christian baker in Colorado refused to bake a wedding cake for a gay couple, was he exercising his religious freedom or discriminating against LGBTQ people?

• Is atheism a religion?
• Does religion do more harm than good?
• Should creationism be taught in schools?
• Should there be religious education in schools?
• Should religious symbols be banned from schools?
• Should schools’ curriculums consider religious points of view?
• Should public prayer be allowed in schools?
• Should religious institutions pay taxes?
• Are most religions inherently sexist?
• Is Buddhism more peaceful than other religions?

The teenage years are a transition period between childhood and adulthood, which causes a natural struggle between treating teens as children or adults. Can we hold teenagers accountable for crimes they committed? Or should their parents be responsible? Issues like this make a lively debate inevitable.

• Should we lower the voting age to 16?
• Should we lower the drinking age to 18?
• At what age should teens be allowed to date?
• At what age is it appropriate for teens to have sex?
• Should sex education be mandatory in school?
• Should teenage pregnancies be terminated?
• Should teens have access to birth control?
• Is cyberbullying as bad as real-life bullying?
• Is peer pressure good or bad?
• Does social media cause an increase in teenage suicide?
• Are beauty pageants harmful to teenagers’ self-esteem?
• Should teens be allowed to keep secrets from parents?
• Should energy drinks be banned for teenagers?
• Should mobile devices be banned at school?
• Is the school grading system effective?
• Should school uniforms be mandatory?
• Should teens be allowed to get tattoos?
• Should vaping be prohibited for teens?

Are you looking for more controversial topics for teens? Check out our other article where you can find 170+ controversial debate topics for teens , as well as the dos and don’ts when debating controversial topics.

Science has a very specific way of addressing controversies – by looking at evidence. When scientists disagree on something, they have to back their views with data and logical arguments. But scientific questions are often taken outside the realm of the experts and turn into social, political, or economic issues.

That’s why it’s important to be familiar with the concept of false equivalence – a fallacy in which a flawed or misleading argument is presented as equivalent to a sound and logical one. For instance, scientists have shown that the preponderance of evidence points to the reality of climate change. Media outlets and some politicians, however, sometimes present the issue as not settled. No matter whether climate change is real or not, saying that a politician’s opinion is as valid as a scientist’s – when we’re talking about that scientist’s field – is a false equivalence. Issues like that are bound to create a heated (pun intended) debate.

• Can scientists ever be objective?
• Should corporations fund research?
• Should science be optional in school?
• Why are women underrepresented in science?
• Is STEM education more valuable than training in humanities?
• Should cryptocurrencies be regulated?
• Should net neutrality be restored?
• Should robots have rights?
• Is AI a menace to humans?
• Is AI the next stage in evolution?
• Is technology helping or destroying Earth?
• Can renewable sources of energy replace fossil fuels?
• Is climate change a threat to humanity?
• Is cell phone radiation dangerous?
• Is climate change reversible?
• Should all cars be electric?
• Is nuclear energy safe?
• Does alien life exist?
• Could alien life have found Earth?
• Should humans try to colonize Mars?

Professional sports hold a lot of potential to create controversy. Hardly a week goes by without some major sports issue making the news. Whether it’s deflated footballs, kneeling during the anthem, or equal pay for male and female athletes, sports topics usually carry an emotional charge as most people have a strong opinion one way or the other .

• Should performance-enhancing drugs be allowed in sports?
• Are professional athletes paid too much?
• Are professional athletes good role models?
• Should college athletes be paid beyond scholarships?
• Should college athletes be tested for drugs?
• Is dance a real sport?
• Is video gaming a real sport?
• Is bodybuilding a real sport?
• Is cheerleading a real sport?
• Should mixed martial arts be banned?
• Should women compete against men in sports?
• Should female athletes be paid the same as male athletes?
• Should transgender athletes who used to be male compete in women’s sports?
• Do the Olympics do more harm than good for the cities hosting them?
• Are professional sports too damaging to athletes’ health?
• Is American football too dangerous for athletes?
• Should athletes who kneel for the anthem be sanctioned?

Sharing a meal with others unites us, but our opinions on food often divide us. Why is one part of the world starving, while another struggles with obesity? Is famine a result of a shortage or a distribution problem? Questions about food are important for humanity, which makes them compelling topics for discussion.

• Are genetically modified foods dangerous?
• Should genetically modified foods be labeled?
• Is organic food better than regular food?
• Is fast food responsible for obesity?
• Is food waste unavoidable?
• Is organic farming sustainable?
• Is factory farming unsustainable?
• Is grass-fed beef better than corn-fed beef?
• Is palm oil production causing deforestation?
• Can biotech foods save us from hunger?
• Should butter be stored in the fridge?

Nutrition is one of the most controversial scientific fields – dietary guidelines seem to be changing by the day. Is it OK to eat more than two eggs a day? Are carbs more unhealthy than fats? Issues like that are notoriously hard to resolve as even a carefully designed scientific study struggles to untangle the many factors that go into human health.

• Should we have nutrition classes in schools?
• Can a vegan diet help the environment?
• Is it healthier to be vegetarian?
• Is an all-meat diet healthy?
• Is dieting ever effective?
• Does fasting help or harm the body?
• Are gluten-free diets overhyped?
• Should we ban trans fat?
• Is sugar addictive?
• Are artificial sweeteners unhealthy?

Bring up the practice of eating dog meat in some countries to a dog lover, and you’ll more than likely evoke a very strong reaction. But how is it different from eating other social and intelligent mammals, such as pigs? There are many unresolved animal issues that can make for a captivating paper or presentation.

• Should animals have the same rights as humans?
• Should animals be considered individuals?
• Do animals have emotions?
• Do animals have consciousness?
• Is animal testing ethical?
• Should the fur industry be restricted?
• Are zoos helping or hurting animals?
• Should there be animals in circuses?
• Should we try to reverse extinction?
• Are humans destroying animal habitats?
• Is selective dog breeding unethical?
• Should bullfighting be banned?
• Should whaling be banned?

Many argue that psychology as a science is still in its infancy. There’s no consensus on a lot of the big questions related to people’s minds. Is there even a way to know what’s happening inside someone else’s head besides our own? A behaviorist would insist there isn’t.

• Is psychology a real science?
• Is depression a real disease?
• Are antidepressants effective?
• Is ADHD a real mental disorder?
• Is drug abuse a mental health issue?
• Is mental illness equivalent to physical illness?
• Should psychologists be allowed to prescribe drugs?
• Is prejudice against different people inherent?
• Is it ethical to “treat” homosexuality?
• Are social media sites addictive?
• Is social media connecting us or making us more isolated?
• Is pornography harmful to the psyche?
• Do video games cause violence?
• Is intelligence inherited?

Being in a romantic relationship involves constantly negotiating and renegotiating issues ranging from the most mundane to the most profound. On top of that, most adults are or have been part of a couple, making this a relatable and attention-grabbing subject.

• Is monogamy natural?
• Does divorce harm children?
• Should dating between co-workers be allowed?
• Should people date people much older than themselves?
• Is romantic love a prerequisite to marital satisfaction?
• Should arguments in a couple be avoided or encouraged?
• Should men and women have different functions in a relationship?
• Is it OK to keep secrets from your partner?
• Are long-distance relationships worth it?
• Is sex before marriage wrong?
• Is online dating good or bad?
• Are homosexual relationships natural?
• Should same-sex marriage be banned?
• Should LGBTQ people be allowed to adopt children?

Health is arguably the most important thing for a person. So it’s no surprise that we take issues related to health and medicine very seriously. Is there any point in prolonging a dying patient’s pain through life support? Questions like this are hard to give a definitive answer to, making them potent discussion topics.

• Are vaccines safe?
• Is Covid-19 manmade?
• Should immunization be mandatory?
• Should euthanasia be allowed?
• Is alternative medicine any good?
• Should healthcare be free?
• Is obesity a disease?
• Is circumcision healthy?
• Is stem cell research ethical?
• How harshly should medical malpractice be punished?
• Should Big Pharma be banned from charging too much for life-saving drugs?
• Should prescription drug manufacturers be held responsible for the opioid crisis?
• Should cannabis be prescribed as medicine?
• Should surrogate pregnancy be allowed?
• Should we use gene-editing in humans?
• Should the sale of human organs be allowed?
• Should genetic screening of embryos be legal?

If nurses are essential workers, why do they get paid so little? To get to the bottom of this, we need to go beyond the nursing profession and take a hard look at society as a whole. Besides, just like doctors, nurses face ethical dilemmas in their work every day, which creates a lot of room for debate.

• Are nurses compensated fairly?
• Should nurses’ shifts be shortened?
• Should nurses be allowed to prescribe drugs?
• Is the nursing profession better suited for women?
• Should nurses use artificial hydration and nutrition?
• Should nurses treat non-compliant patients?

Biology deals with nothing less than life itself! And what’s a more fascinating question than the origin of life? Although we seem to be far from deciphering this mystery, there are many other issues that both scientists and laypeople have good reason to debate.

• Is evolution up for debate?
• Did life emerge out of inorganic matter?
• Is there a viable alternative to the theory of evolution?
• How significant are the physiological differences between men and women?
• Is behavior determined by our genes or by our upbringing?
• Are there more than two genders?

If you’re a classical music lover, you’ll very likely scoff at the assertion that rock ‘n’ roll is the best musical genre. But who’s to say? Maybe someone will argue that there are objective measures of the quality of music. As with any issue that’s close to many people’s hearts, music can be an excellent topic for discussion.

• Is music getting worse over time?
• Is the pursuit of profit ruining music?
• Do music streaming services such as Spotify help or harm musical artists?
• Are violent or explicit lyrics harmful to society?
• Are rock stars a bad influence on children?
• Are The Beatles overrated?

Do you think Banksy will go down in history as one of the great artists, or do you see his works as cheap stunts? Either way, you’ll probably agree that art has changed almost beyond recognition since the time of Rembrandt. Whether that’s a good or bad thing is just one topic worth exploring.

• Is the value of art subjective?
• Should explicit art be censored?
• Who decides what constitutes art?
• Should an art piece always carry a message?
• Is contemporary art as good as classical art?
• Should any topic be out of bounds for art?

Hardly anyone would disagree that we should learn from history to avoid making the same mistake twice. But what exactly are history’s lessons is up for debate, and so make for great discussion topics.

• Are the two World Wars responsible for the relative state of peace since?
• Should the US pay reparations to African Americans because of slavery?
• Should Confederate statues in the US be taken down?
• Was Christopher Columbus a hero or a villain?
• Was the French Revolution inevitable?
• Is history always written by the victors?
• Is history bound to be repeated?

Are cats better pets than dogs? Does pineapple belong on a pizza? These are the kind of age-old debates we look into in our Funny Controversial Topics page.

Top 5 Extraordinary Motivational Speakers

130 Awesome Speech Topics for Kids

7 thoughts on “205 Controversial Topics for your Essay, Speech, or Debate”

Which is better, Chicago pizza or New York pizza?

Hey Nicole, just to answer your question personally I think Chicago pizza is too thick and I would choose New York pizza any day.

In my opinion Chicago pizza is clearly superior, and its thickness is one of its best attributes.

In my opinion New York pizza is clearly superior, and its thinness is one of its best attributes.

I second Chicago pizza lover’s statement, I think that Chicagos pizzas are much better!

In my very Italian opinion, true real pizza is Made in Italy only – the best. Cheers x 🙂

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What (if Anything) Did You Change Your Mind About This Year?

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The 22 Debates That Made Us Rage, Roll Our Eyes, and Change Our Minds in 2022

Debating is what we do here at Times Opinion. Good-faith back-and-forth is at the core of our mission and our daily work. We give you arguments, you decide what to think. And so when we review the major events of the past year — which included a land war in Europe, the collapse of crypto and, yes, The Slap — it’s only natural for us to reflect on the debates: What can the United States do to try to end that war? Is crypto a reasonable thing to invest in? When is it appropriate to hit someone in the face for making a joke about your wife?

As 2022 nears its end, we are presenting 22 of the debates that defined the year, revisiting the ones you might remember (and reminding you of the ones you might have tried to forget) and asking the most important question of all: Did you change your mind?

Click on the topics to read more and vote.

Like them or hate them, masks long ago became culture war fodder — that is, the debate around wearing them was so laden with subtext that it was hardly about the value of masks at all. And this year the debate dragged on.

After the T.S.A. lifted its mask mandate on airplanes in April, videos went viral of mid-flight celebrations as pilots announced that the rules had changed. This was proof that Americans were ready to bare their faces and inhale. Or was it? Some public health advocates — and public commentators — argued that our noses and mouths should stay covered, for the good of ourselves and our neighbors. A late autumn surge in respiratory viruses brought the issue back.

But at this point in the pandemic, most minds are probably made up. So would all that energy be put to better use pushing for better building ventilation instead? At least open windows aren’t fraught with symbolism — yet.

Experts waxed poetic about the potential of the hybrid workplace, if only every company’s existing offices, workflows and managerial structures were completely redesigned around it. Companies trying to enforce some amount of mandatory in-office time, meanwhile, gestured back to the halcyon days when merely the zip produced by passing a warm body in the hallway resulted in unparalleled creative output.

Yes, there are real reasons to love the hybrid work model (less commuting time, but you still know your colleagues) and reasons to hate it (going to an empty office just to sit on Zoom feels like a scene from “Dilbert”). But until every company’s return-to-office plan is final and firm, we’re going to keep the conversation going — around the water cooler or over email.

Crime rates have risen in many parts of the United States over the past few years. But they remain far lower than they were as recently as the 1990s. One thing that’s definitely spiked: heated, politicized, polarized discussion around the issue.

What’s the deal with crime? Has much of America descended into lawlessness thanks to soft-on-crime progressive prosecutors and a movement to “defund the police”? Are liberals refusing to grapple with reality when it comes to robberies and murders? Or is it essentially all in our heads, really more of a story about bad vibes than bad guys? Are people confusing other issues — especially homelessness — with crime? In the run-up to this year’s midterm elections, crime was a top issue in races from Oklahoma to New York, but ultimately it rarely proved decisive.

There are serious, unsettled questions about how crime is measured: Statistics are notoriously unreliable, outdated and piecemeal. And policing — and everything around it — remains as fraught as ever. Let’s see if the vibes improve in 2023.

When President Biden announced in August that the federal government would forgive up to $20,000 per borrower in student loan debt (estimated to total roughly $400 billion), the response was fierce. Activists, anxious debtors and Senator Elizabeth Warren — to name just one prominent voice — said that the package was a huge step toward fixing the problem of America’s costly higher education system. Some even said Mr. Biden’s debt relief plan didn’t go far enough.

Many other Americans, on the other hand, felt that the White House’s plan was just plain unfair: They had scrimped and saved to pay for post-high school education and now others were getting undeserved handouts. And anyway, would a payout do anything to solve the real issue, which is that higher education in America is far too expensive?

In the end, it won’t be the court of public opinion that matters: The administration’s debt relief plan has been tied up in legal challenges practically since the day it was announced, and it’s headed for the Supreme Court. That means we’re in for at least another year of disagreement.

The event that would come to be known as The Slap — the actor Will Smith’s assault on the comedian Chris Rock after the latter made a joke about Mr. Smith’s wife, Jada Pinkett Smith — was so shocking (Physical assault! During one of live television’s most stage managed events!) and touched on so many of America’s most neuralgic subjects (Free speech! Toxic masculinity! Ableism! Black manhood! Black womanhood!) that it spawned a flurry of takes in the aftermath that few other events this year have matched. (Remember when Judd Apatow tweeted that Mr. Smith “could have killed him”? Remember when a spokesman for the British prime minister weighed in?)

It seemed like every possible angle had its proponents: Mr. Smith was defending his wife in a way that Black women are rarely defended; defending a woman’s honor with physical violence was an expression of toxic masculinity. Will and Jada were longtime celebrities who should know by now how to take a joke; no one should have to take a joke. Mr. Smith should be arrested for assault; calls for his arrest showcased Americans’ carceral attitudes toward Black men.

In the end, the fact that The Slap — a minor scuffle involving three famous people — was being mustered as evidence for so many different agendas and worldviews should perhaps be taken as a sign that the simplest take is the right one here: America really likes talking about celebrities.

This year, the digital gold rush dried up. Prospectors who had mined speculative assets weathered a series of crashes that threatened to bust their boom towns while everyone else watched. Even “no coiners” finally had to figure out how crypto works, if only to learn enough to mock its true believers.

One might think that after a year of crypto implosions, culminating in FTX’s November mega-collapse (to blame: the Democrat-boosting billionaire Sam Bankman-Fried’s bad business practices — and maybe even criminality), faith in the currency’s sanctity might finally fail. After all, even if workplace harassment, a trash-talking C.E.O. turned fugitive or an embarrassing series of hacks didn’t kill your faith in crypto’s prophets, surely the loss of your teacher’s pension fund would.

But crypto’s not gone yet. Its boosters are still boosting, insisting that this short-term dip in the market amounts to nothing more than growing pains. And large firms like Fidelity and BlackRock haven’t given up on crypto investing, either. In doing so, they’re transforming glimmering speculative mumbo-jumbo into just another line item in your friendly neighborhood investment portfolio.

The Depp vs. Heard trial produced so many grim details about the pair’s life together that it’s hard to single out a defining moment. Was it Mr. Depp’s texts to a friend about wanting to have sex with Ms. Heard’s corpse? Or when he accused her of defecating in their bed? It produced audio clips in which the whole country heard two Hollywood stars screaming at each other like the most toxic couple you know stumbling home after last call. At first, following the trial seemed tawdry, like being invested in some especially prurient celebrity gossip.

But then something seemed to shift. The internet appeared, en masse, to side with Captain Jack Sparrow, going into meme-making overdrive with such fervor that it was almost suspicious. (Indeed, there’s evidence that bot accounts were created to retweet hashtags like #AmberHeardIsALiar.) Then came the verdict, which awarded a whopping $8.35 million to Mr. Depp at a moment when it felt like women’s rights were on the ropes: Less than a month earlier, a draft of the Supreme Court opinion that would eventually repeal Roe v. Wade had leaked.

Many argued that what we were seeing unfold around Depp vs. Heard was the inevitable #MeToo backlash. Some found this idea delightful and hoped Ms. Heard’s ugly behavior, as revealed in court, might succeed in undermining the idea of “believe women” for good; others felt that the reaction to the trial proved just how deep misogyny still runs through American culture. But by the time it was over, most seemed to agree that this trial wasn’t just about a messy celebrity couple but something bigger.

The moment that Queen Elizabeth II died in September, the future of the British monarchy suddenly seemed like an open question. And so did how to assess the late royal’s legacy.

To many, she was an icon: She ruled for 70 years, presided over the transition from empire to commonwealth and served as a living link to the generation that won World War II. (She herself worked as a mechanic during the war.) She was, her supporters said, a steady figurehead for the ship of state during a tumultuous period and a leader of a British democracy that took decades to extract itself from a postwar malaise and emerged with diminished influence and power.

On the other hand: She ruled for 70 years and presided over the transition from empire to commonwealth, a process that was sometimes ugly. Under her ceremonial gaze, the fading empire brutally repressed people in its colonies — the Kenyan Mau Mau rebels and the Catholic Irish most famously — and was reticent to condemn apartheid South Africa and committed atrocities against Malayan National Liberation Army rebels. Queen Elizabeth was not making governmental decisions that led to policy, exactly, but the legacy of her rule is still the legacy of the Britain she presided over, republicans claim.

Under her son and successor, Charles III, certainly less popular than his mother, questions about the monarchy’s future — and its past — will likely only intensify.

Inflation made life expensive in 2022, and the Federal Reserve came to the rescue by raising interest rates for the first time in years. But it’s a finicky process: Raise them too little and inflation persists; raise them too fast and the economy falls into a recession. People will lose their jobs and be unable to buy the goods that inflation was making unaffordable anyway. In a survey of America’s top academic economists, nearly 70 percent said they expected a recession in 2023.

The Federal Reserve is famously tight-lipped about its policymaking. But that didn’t stop economists, politicians and pundits from squabbling over what the central bank should be doing. If price increases were being caused primarily by a spike in the price of oil (or, to use President Biden’s attempt at a coinage, “the Putin price hike ”), how much would raising interest rates actually help? Some economists worried about a return to the dreaded stagflation of the 1970s. (Though Ben Bernanke, a former Fed chairman himself, wrote in The Times that that wasn’t going to happen.) Other economists said it was time to cool down the economy before wages started to rise too much, creating an unstoppable spiral.

As the year draws to a close, it looks like inflation may be slowing , and the Fed’s rate increases with it. We may never know what actually was the cause.

The House’s hearings into the Jan. 6 riot were many things: a piece of political theater, a ratings (and traffic) boon for the political news media, a second draft of history, a formal investigation into the actions of Donald Trump and those around him during the day’s events.

But did they matter beyond a record for posterity? In a country riven with partisan polarization and divided into information bubbles, could they? Judging by the reception that election denial got at the polls, it seems that the American voter did consider them important: None of the election deniers in states that Mr. Biden won in 2020 were elected to office, and no candidates that ran on election denial anywhere won their elections.

But Mr. Trump is running again in 2024. The hearings did not end his political career any more than the riot itself did, and the movement that he galvanized is still around. Changing minds is different from rallying the converted. Whether the hearings were truly important might not be known until the ballots are counted in two years. Until then, we may have to make do with half-verdicts.

Two political truisms: Elections are mainly about economic conditions, and the president’s party is at a severe disadvantage during midterm elections. So with high inflation, high gas prices in particular and a possible recession on the horizon, prospects for a Republican blowout seemed good. But instead of a red wave that would set the stage for a Republican trifecta in two years, Democrats added to their Senate majority (even if they did lose the House).

Was the verdict of the voters motivated by Mr. Biden’s policy agenda and a fulfillment of his promise to restore the soul of America? Or was it a vote of no confidence in the Republican Party’s culture war politics, continuing fidelity to the unpopular Mr. Trump and anti-abortion overreach? It’s hard to divine an answer from the inkblot test of the exit polls, but Mr. Biden is not a popular figure.

It could be that even if voters were mostly voting against Republicans and not for Democrats, they were mobilized to do so by the Democrats’ political strategy, which emphasized attacking Republicans on abortion rights and election denial as much as talking about pocketbook issues. If so, this could bode well for their chances of retaining the presidency when voters go to the polls in two years.

Cake frosting smeared on the Mona Lisa. Mashed potatoes flung at a Monet. Tomato soup splashed across a van Gogh. This year, environmental activists all over the world made headlines with a series of shocking (and somewhat bizarre) attacks on famous works of art, vandalizing them with what seemed to be whatever was in their refrigerators. (Though it’s worth noting that none of the paintings were actually damaged.)

The attacks were certainly successful at getting people’s attention — newspapers across the world, including this one, published stories about them — though reactions were mixed. Many were outraged by the defacing of these masterpieces, insisting that the activists be held legally or even criminally responsible. Others who were more sympathetic to the activists’ cause came to their defense, arguing that their actions were justified given their noble intentions and the truly dire state of our planet.

The stunts, some of which were accompanied by sit-ins and speeches, were intended to draw international attention to the climate crisis at a moment when tamer forms of protest have not inspired collective action. Which raises the question: What is effective protest?

In April the Tesla C.E.O., wealthiest man on Earth, and avid tweeter Elon Musk moved to purchase Twitter for $44 billion. When, after many months of waffling, the sale finally went through in late October, Mr. Musk announced sweeping changes. He laid off nearly half the staff and announced that he would crack down on misinformation and impose an eight-dollar monthly subscription fee for verified status.

The world erupted into debate about the company’s future — much of it taking place on Twitter itself. Some mourned the imminent demise of the beloved platform, worrying that Mr. Musk’s more laissez-faire approach to content moderation would turn the site into a cesspool of misinformation and hate speech; others countered that Twitter already was a cesspool of misinformation and hate speech, and if Mr. Musk ran the company into the ground the world would be better for it.

The whole ordeal has reinvigorated a long-simmering debate about the role of social media in American politics and modern life.

When House Speaker Nancy Pelosi decided this summer that she would visit Taiwan, she knew she was stirring up a geopolitical hornet’s nest. China considers the island an integral part of its country and intends to reclaim it someday; Taiwan sees itself as a democratic fortress standing up to the world’s most powerful authoritarian. Ms. Pelosi seems to agree with the Taiwanese.

Even before her plane took off, commentators began weighing in. The Times Opinion columnist Thomas L. Friedman called it “utterly reckless, dangerous and irresponsible.” More hawkish commentators, meanwhile, urged her not to back down in the face of Chinese threats. In an Op-Ed of her own in The Washington Post, Ms. Pelosi wrote that the visit “should be seen as an unequivocal statement that America stands with Taiwan, our democratic partner, as it defends itself and its freedom.”

In the end, the speaker’s trip didn’t lead to a war between China and the United States. But it did ratchet up tensions in the Pacific, with the Chinese military circling the island and issuing warnings. It’s pretty clear that Xi Jinping’s mind didn’t change.

It wasn’t just about Maitland Jones Jr. But his story seemed to encapsulate what was on many Americans’ minds. When The Times reported in early October that Mr. Jones, a chemistry professor at New York University, had been fired following a petition from students complaining that his organic chemistry class was simply too hard — impossibly hard! — a debate erupted across the country: Is the problem students or the system?

The professor wasn’t just speaking for himself when he said that universities “coddle” students instead of giving them “tough love.” Many inside the academy and beyond feel that students these days prefer spoon feeding to long hours in the library. And it’s not just about orgo, either. The same generation that can’t handle hard work can’t handle ideas that it finds too “triggering,” either.

Or … maybe not. The Jones story was also instructive about changes to American higher education: how its increasing cost has led many debt-laden students to feel more like customers than pupils; how a system of gatekeeping is past its expiration date; how students are challenging old hierarchies of power; how colleges are relying on adjuncts to do more and more work — all topics worthy of serious discussion.

The Supreme Court’s decision in June to overturn Roe v. Wade was hardly a surprise. Just weeks earlier, a draft of the decision was leaked to Politico. Still, it felt like a shock to Americans on both sides of the divide over abortion rights. Even the pro-life movement has to admit that the court’s decision was out of step with public opinion: More than 60 percent of Americans want abortion to be legal in most cases.

While much discussion focused on the future of reproductive health care and rights, another issue quickly arose in the wake of the decision, and other conservative rulings on gun control and the environment: Was the Supreme Court losing its legitimacy? The court’s official duty is to interpret the Constitution, but historically, its rulings have largely been in line with popular opinion. Not anymore. Opinion polls showed that faith in the justices was at an all-time low.

Many legal scholars warned that America’s highest judicial body was undermining itself by moving too far to the right. Many conservatives, meanwhile, argued that that bridge had already been crossed with liberal rulings — including Roe — making the court seem like a political body rather than an independent arbiter of the law. Maybe the question is not if the court has lost its legitimacy, but when.

That the number of young people who identify as transgender is on the rise is not in dispute. But what does it mean? Is this a sign that more are living openly as their real selves, in a more welcoming society? Or a sign that the standard tumult of adolescence is being channeled in a new direction with potentially unintended consequences?

There are those like Erica Anderson, a transgender psychologist, who argue that clinicians today, acting in the name of tolerance and inclusivity, have become too ready to default to interventions like hormones or puberty blockers for every young person experiencing gender dysphoria, without performing the comprehensive individual mental health assessments that should accompany them. And then there are others — including many advocates for trans rights — who argue that the debates around trans youth are just another facet of a larger moral panic around gender, and dismiss the idea that joining the ranks of one of society’s most marginalized and vulnerable groups is a choice anyone would make lightly.

Where is all this going? It would be one thing if it could remain a discussion among those who, in good faith, are simply seeking the best way to help young people who are indisputably in distress. Unfortunately, these same young people are also indisputably being used by right-wing politicians across the country as cannon fodder in the culture wars. (See: Gov. Greg Abbott’s order that Texas health agencies should treat the provision of medical treatments to transgender young people as “child abuse.”) That’s a development that adds heat to the debate, but not much light.

“I’ve heard the word ‘diversity’ quite a few times, and I don’t have a clue what it means,” Justice Clarence Thomas told a lawyer for the University of North Carolina in a much-quoted line from oral arguments before the Supreme Court this fall that will determine the fate of affirmative action in America.

All signs point to the conservative court ending the current form of race-based preference in higher education admissions, many of which have been in place since the late 1960s. Some are cheering the looming end of a flawed system, which has succeeded in making elite campuses more racially diverse while still leaving them woefully out of touch with — and out of the reach of — most Americans. Others fret that the end of race-based preferences will come long before they have succeeded in their initial goal, as articulated by Lyndon Johnson in a 1965 speech at Howard University: giving Black people the same chance of success in America as white people.

But the discussion around affirmative action has also broadened. Diversity on campus: What does it mean? Would class-based admissions help achieve a better version of it? And who does it actually serve? Does it imply that minorities are instruments to improve the educational experience of the majority? Is the goal to make elite campuses more diverse or to help underprivileged Americans receive the best possible education — in which case, why focus on a handful of selective schools that serve a tiny percentage of the population?

The Supreme Court is expected to rule next summer — but it’s unlikely to be the last word.

Golf is supposed to be boring, right? Maybe not. The so-called gentleman’s game found itself in the center of a firestorm this year, with players openly sniping at one another in the press and pundits debating major ethical questions.

The firestorm began when plans for the LIV Golf Tour were announced this summer. The new tour, which kicked off with a tournament in Britain in June, is to be a rival to the more established P.G.A. and DP World Tours. Some players and fans say that LIV will undermine the legacy tours and permanently alter the professional game for the worse; LIV’s backers say it will push needed reforms to the P.G.A. But the biggest source of controversy? LIV’s primary backer is Saudi Arabia, which put some $400 million into getting it off the ground. (And, of course, there was Donald Trump: Several of LIV’s events have been held at clubs owned by the former president.)

Phil Mickelson, a P.G.A. champion, called the Saudis “scary” to get involved with, citing the 2018 killing of the Washington Post writer Jamal Khashoggi — the very reason, detractors say, that Saudi Arabia is trying to rehab its reputation through sports. But that wasn’t enough to stop Mr. Mickelson from joining LIV in the hopes that it puts pressure on the P.G.A. Now he insists that the new tour is “the winning side.” His biggest foil is also one of the game’s biggest stars: Tiger Woods, who was reportedly offered around $700 million if he signed onto LIV, has been one of its most vocal opponents, saying that the flood of money is bad for competition.

Even if this debate may have escaped your attention, its implications could be enormous for a world of sports increasingly awash in foreign cash.

When Russia invaded Ukraine on Feb. 24, condemnation of President Vladimir Putin was swift and loud from across the political spectrum. So was support for the government in Kyiv. Out-and-out defenders of the Kremlin were exceedingly difficult to find in America.

But once Ukrainian forces drove the Russians back from Kyiv, and as the war dragged on through the summer and the fall, disagreements began to emerge. The United States and its European allies poured weapons and aid into Ukraine, but how was this going to end? Some figures — including left-wing members of Congress, anti-intervention analysts and the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff — suggested that the United States should begin pushing for negotiations between Moscow and Kyiv. How many more lives needed to be lost before a settlement was reached? Didn’t the dangers of the war spiraling out of control (Mr. Putin has, more than once, raised the threat of using nuclear weapons) make peace an imperative? Only diplomacy could bring the bloodshed to an end. Louder, though, were the voices calling for Washington to continue to back Ukraine as it made gains on the battlefield. The realist argument was, in the words of one Washington foreign policy specialist, “baloney.” And anyway, it would be up to Ukraine — not its allies — to decide when it’s finally time to come to the table.

As 2022 draws to a close, the fighting continues and peace talks look as distant as ever — which probably means that the debates will continue.

This summer, the art world was set abuzz when the Colorado State Fair’s annual art competition awarded its top prize to an A.I.-generated image: Jason Allen’s “Théâtre d’Opéra Spatial.” The image, which was created using an online software that produces complex and highly stylized images based on words entered into a text box, swiftly inspired a backlash from other artists who accused Mr. Allen of essentially cheating, and ignited a conversation about what, in the age of A.I., counts as art.

A.I.-generated art has been around for years. But tools released in 2022 — with names like DALL-E 2, Midjourney and Stable Diffusion — have made it easier than ever to produce visually striking images with little more than a few clicks. This has made many human artists understandably nervous about their futures. Why would anyone pay for art, they wonder, when they could just generate it themselves? It has also generated a fierce debate about the ethics of A.I.-generated art. On the one side are people like Mr. Allen, who believe A.I. art is the way of the future. As he put it: “Art is dead, dude. It’s over. A.I. won. Humans lost.” On the other are those who believe that something that requires so little skill or effort can’t truly rise to the level of art — or who say that what these apps produce essentially amounts to a high-tech form of plagiarism. Of course, that’s not going to stop people from using them.

We debated The Slap.

Was chris rock asking for it was chris rock asking for it.

We were split over what purpose the Jan. 6 committee served.

Was it necessary and vital to continued democracy, or an exercise in partisan politics was it necessary and vital to continued democracy, or an exercise in partisan politics.

We argued about crime.

Was crime a real problem — or was the perception of crime the problem was crime a real problem — or was the perception of crime the problem.

We mourned the queen. And debated her legacy.

Was queen elizabeth a high-minded public servant or a relic of imperialism was queen elizabeth a high-minded public servant or a relic of imperialism.

We debated (and debated and debated) about Twitter.

Is it a crucial town square worthy of saving or a force for the terrible is it a crucial town square worthy of saving or a force for the terrible.

We pondered Bitcoin and Ethereum and FTX and S.B.F.

Was it all just a fad or were you team buy-the-dip was it all just a fad or were you team buy-the-dip.

We debated student loan forgiveness.

Was president biden’s plan the way to a more just america or a handout for people who didn’t need one was president biden’s plan the way to a more just america or a handout for people who didn’t need one.

We argued about whether it was time to put away masks.

Are people who still wear them living in the past or looking out for their communities are people who still wear them living in the past or looking out for their communities.

We questioned the Supreme Court.

Did overturning roe make the court seem less legitimate did overturning roe make the court seem less legitimate.

We analyzed and argued over the Johnny Depp- Amber Heard case.

What did the trial reveal about the limits of #metoo what did the trial reveal about the limits of #metoo.

We discussed the rise in transgender youth.

How should we think about the fact that the number of trans kids has nearly doubled in recent years how should we think about the fact that the number of trans kids has nearly doubled in recent years.

We debated the lessons of the midterms.

Were they a victory for democrats or a defeat for republicans were they a victory for democrats or a defeat for republicans.

We gasped as beloved paintings were doused with soup.

Is anything that brings attention to climate change worthy, or were these just juvenile acts of vandalism is anything that brings attention to climate change worthy, or were these just juvenile acts of vandalism.

We debated hybrid work.

Is it the best of both worlds or the worst of both worlds is it the best of both worlds or the worst of both worlds.

We worried about inflation — and fought over how to fight it.

Prices are too high. would a recession be even worse prices are too high. would a recession be even worse.

We worried about Nancy Pelosi’s trip to Taiwan.

Was the house speaker standing up for human rights or making world war iii more likely was the house speaker standing up for human rights or making world war iii more likely.

We blew our minds over A.I. art.

Is it a real art or just a silly gimmick is it a real art or just a silly gimmick.

We debated how hard school should be.

Are we raising a generation of snowflakes or are some classes just plain unfair are we raising a generation of snowflakes or are some classes just plain unfair.

We asked if golfers are supposed to care about human rights.

Is a new saudi golf tournament about sportswashing or just another chance to hit the links is a new saudi golf tournament about sportswashing or just another chance to hit the links.

We argued about affirmative action.

Is diversity on campus an important enough goal to justify racial preferences is diversity on campus an important enough goal to justify racial preferences.

We debated how to end the war in Ukraine.

The bloodshed continues. when is it time to talk the bloodshed continues. when is it time to talk.

We debated the apocalypse.

Nuclear war and the death of american democracy were just around the corner. or were you just freaking out.

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The 30 Most Controversial Topics for Your Position Paper

What are the most controversial topics today? What are the most hotly debated controversial issues in politics, culture and public life? Which are the controversial topics that most sharply divide us. Which public debates actually define us? We answer these questions with our ranking of The 30 Most Controversial Topics Today. We also provide an objective overview of these controversial issues, which makes this a great source for finding controversial essay topics!

The Top 30 Controversial Topics

Affirmative action, artificial intelligence, black lives matter, censorship and freedom of speech, charter schools, civil rights, climate change, covid vaccine mandates, critical race theory, death penalty/capital punishment, electoral college, foreign aid, gun control, health insurance, labor unions, marijuana legalization, minimum wage, nuclear energy, outsourcing, police brutality, religious freedom, reparations, social security.

• Trump and the Big Lie

Women’s Rights

If you visit each debate topic’s page, you will find a study guide that includes:

• A breakdown of the leading positions in the controversial topic;
• A brief history of the controversial topic in American life;
• A list of the most influential people and most influential books in the recent history of the controversy;
• A glimpse at the current status of the controversial topic; and
• A vetted selection of key people on all sides of the debate topic today.

Any one of these controversial essay topics could be a strong starting point for your next research project or argumentative essay. You will learn how to study successfully for your research assignments. Read on for examples of controversial topics for your next position paper, persuasive essay, or even for a starting point on your graduate thesis...

Controversy is everywhere. It’s up to each of us to decide our level of involvement in the public debate. College offers an amazing opportunity to explore these controversial issues, and to determine where you fit into the conversation.

The university is a place where we are taught to question our own assumptions, challenged to defend our ideas, and trained to probe for a more complete understanding of the controversial issues defining our times. College is also an environment where free speech, open discourse, and informed debate are meant to flourish. Of course, as human beings, we are bound to disagree, and sometimes quite passionately.

That’s why controversial topics will play such an important role in your higher education. Indeed, controversy is everywhere. Whether you want to learn more about a few interesting controversial topics, you’ve been assigned a research paper on a controversial essay topic, or you plan to build a career based on the ideas you’re learning to defend today , you will encounter controversy in your education and in your life.

That’s why we’ve decided to take the most important controversial topics by the horns. Wherever you are in your educational journey , you should not only anticipate, but embrace, the opportunity to explore some of the most important controversial debate topics of our times. This includes prospective college essay topics like drug abuse, the opioid crisis, freedom of speech, freedom of religious belief, global warming, laws concerning illegal immigrants, brutality by police officers, and much more.

College students studying foreign affairs, criminal justice, economics, political science, sociology and countless other subjects are sure to find a controversial topic worthy of their next argumentative essay.

Our spotlight on each controversial topic includes an overview of the subject matter, key points of disagreement, and a look at the impact of major influencers. Use these controversial issues as a way to begin your argumentative essay, formulate your own position, and even connect personally with professors, activists, and thought leaders who hold influence over the subject matter.

What is a controversial topic?

A controversial topic is a prolonged public dispute or debate. Controversial topics are typically played out through public channels like news media, electoral politics, and social media. What perhaps most distinguishes a controversial topic from mere disagreement is the heated, sometimes emotional, and often diametrically opposed viewpoints that frame a given issue. People often bring religious beliefs, personal ethics, business interests and countless other deeply held feelings into controversial debate topics.

And of course, many controversial political topics also carry very really consequences, as shown by the very current public debates over abortion rights, the call for stricter gun control laws, global climate change and other high-stakes issues. That why many of these controversial issues engender strong enough disagreement to inspire organization, political action, protest, and policy development.

Now that you understand what controversial topics are, read on for a look at the 30 controversial debate topics most directly shaping public discourse, and indeed, shaping public life in American today.

The 30 Most Controversial Topics Over the Last 25 Years

The Civil Rights Movement refers to one of the most consequential struggles in American history, one that continues to present date. Civil Rights refer to the freedoms, liberties, and protections under the law that are meant to be accorded to all people. But civil rights advocates argue that racial inequality is ingrained in American life through realities like economic disenfranchisement, police brutality, and mass incarceration. The Civil Rights controversy pits groups, organizations, and communities who advocate for greater racial equality against those who work to maintain or advance a white racial hierarchy.

Learn more about the Civil Rights Controversy.

The First Amendment in the Bill of Rights protects the freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, freedom of religious expression, and the right to a free press against government restriction. As a key component in the very first article of the Bill of Rights, free speech is among the most cherished and frequently-cited protections built into the U.S. Constitution. However, because the content of that speech and expression may itself provoke sharp disagreement, the true controversy in this issue extends from differing ideas about what constitutes “protected speech” as well as the methods that should or shouldn’t be used to limit free speech. This underscores the debate around Freedom of Speech and Censorship.

Learn more about the Censorship and Freedom of Speech Controversy.

The climate change debate concerns the impact of human activity on the earth’s temperature, as well as its impact on weather patterns, plant-life, wildlife, and human health. On one side of the debate, most in the scientific community believe that human activity is responsible for climate change. On the other side, some journalists, political leaders, and industry advocates argue either that global climate change is not actually occurring, or that climate change is the result of natural meteorological patterns unrelated to human activity. Some also argue that economic imperatives should be prioritized over environmental concerns.

Learn more about the Climate Change Controversy.

Stand on the front lines in the fight against climate change with a degree in environmental science .

Capital punishment refers to the use of the death penalty as a form of legal punishment administered by the state. Capital punishment in the U.S. has long been the subject of constitutional, philosophical and practical disagreement, and as such, has been subject to legal fluctuation. As of the time of writing, the United States is one of 56 nations worldwide, and one of just four developed democracies (alongside Japan, Taiwan, and Singapore) which uses death penalty. The U.S. is also the only developed Western nation to employ capital punishment.

Learn more about the Death Penalty and Capital Punishment Controversy.

Abortion refers to the act of terminating a pregnancy before it can be carried to term. The abortion controversy concerns the ongoing debate and battle over the legal status of abortion in the U.S., both at the state and national levels. Abortion is among the most divisive issues in American public discourse. Views on abortion often carry religious, political, and cultural overtones. The debate is largely framed by two competing views: The Pro-Choice view, that abortion is a woman’s constitutionally-protected right; and the Pro-Life view, that abortion is immoral, and that the government should have the right to restrict and/or punish abortion.

Learn more about the Abortion Controversy.

Social Security refers to the federal social insurance program in the United States, which provides financial and medical benefits to older Americans, as well as the disabled and some who have been widowed or orphaned by working age adults. All working Americans contribute to Social Security through a dedicated payroll tax. The Social Security controversy refers to a complex economic and philosophical debate over how Social Security should be funded, dispersed, and managed. Some advocate for its continuity as a federal program while others argue that social security should be privatized and removed from government control.

Learn more about the Social Security Controversy.

Artificial intelligence (AI), in the simplest terms, refers to computing which aims to mimic human cognitive functions like learning, problem solving, and adaptation to environmental conditions. With the evolution of computer science, computing machines have accelerated in their capacity to demonstrate “intelligence” in areas such as reasoning, planning, natural language processing, perception, and much more.

Learn more about the Artificial Intelligence Controversy.

Advance the technology behind AI, machine learning, automation and more with a degree in data science and analytics .

Health Insurance refers to financial coverage for healthcare expenses. Health coverage is among the most intensely debated subjects in American life, both because of the generally high cost of healthcare expenses, and because access to coverage varies significantly based on employment and socioeconomic status. Some Americans believe the government should take greater responsibility for the millions who are uninsured or underinsured, with many arguing that the United States should provide universal medical and mental health coverage for all Americans. By contrast, others believe that paying for health coverage should be the individual responsibility of every American, and argue that universal healthcare coverage is a socialist policy.

Learn more about the Health Insurance Controversy.

Women’s Rights refers to the ongoing movement in the U.S. to improve gender equity through legislation, activism, public service, political participation, and more. The United States was founded as a patriarchy, restricting women from owning property, voting, or enjoying the rights of citizenship. The women’s rights movement uses activism, policy advocacy, and non-profit organization to improve gender equality and close the gender pay gap, whereas the opponents of this movement may argue that gender equality already exists, or that women are biologically unequal to men and therefore deserving of secondary status.

Learn more about the Women’s Rights Controversy.

Advance the public discussion on women’s rights and equality with a degree in gender studies .

On its surface, the controversy over religious freedom in the U.S. concerns the right of individuals to practice their religion freely and without infringement by individuals, groups, or the government. But since the dawn of American history, the debate over religious liberty has been clouded by conflicts between different groups and belief systems, especially when the belief system of one group risks discrimination against another group. While the right to practice one’s religion is a core Constitutional protection, debate persists over the meaning of religious freedom and whether this freedom can be used to exempt groups from certain laws, including anti-discrimination laws.

Learn more about the Religious Freedom Controversy.

Minimum wage refers to the lowest hourly wage that an employer may legally pay an employee under state and federal law. The controversy over the minimum wage concerns the belief that a living wage should be a fundamental right for all American workers and is opposed by the belief that regulatory control over wage thresholds risk imposing undue economic burdens on employers with potentially deleterious effects on the economy as a whole.

Learn more about the Minimum Wage Controversy.

Atheism is defined as the absence of a belief in deities, or the rejection of a belief in deities, or the belief that no deities exist. These nuances underscore the complexity of individual views on religion and theology, and by extension, the complexity of this debate. The controversy over atheism concerns disagreement between those who believe in the existence of deities and those who do not believe in the existence of deities, and more specifically, how these divergent beliefs should be treated in public spaces. As a result, this controversy touches closely on issues of religious freedom, the separation of church and state, and freedom of expression.

Learn more about the Atheism Controversy.

Reparations for slavery refers to the idea of compensating the victims of African slavery and their descendants for the abuses suffered under U.S. law. The idea of reparations for the victims of African slavery in America emerged as early as the colonial era, but took on particular relevance after the Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation. While some individual former slaves and their descendants have received reparations of some type, the vast majority have not, owing to the absence of any lasting or comprehensive federal policy. This absence keeps the reparations controversy relevant, as advocates, activists, and public leaders continue to call for the adoption of some form of reparations, both in compensation for slavery, and for the injustices visited upon succeeding generations of Black Americans.

Learn more about the Reparations Controversy.

Hacking refers to the use of computing skills to penetrate, disrupt, or interfere with a computer system by non-standard avenues. Hacking is a controversial issue because this skill can be used for many different purposes both lawful and unlawful; ethical and unethical. Some hackers use their skills for criminal activities while others may use their skills to create cybersecurity defenses against malicious actors. Activists may use hacking to undermine dictatorship just as dictators might use hacking to suppress individual liberties.

Learn more about the Hacking Controversy.

Help in the fight against criminal hacking with a degree in cybersecurity .

A labor union refers to an organized alliance of workers, often joined by a shared industry or trade, but also frequently joined across different labor industries. Labor unions use a tactic referred to as collective bargaining to improve worker conditions, advance wages, and secure benefits, as well as supporting members in disputes with management, and engaging in political action and lobbying. The controversy over labor unions concerns the historical and ongoing conflict of ideals, methods and goals between labor leaders, organizers and union members on one side, and business management, ownership, and industry lobby groups on the other side.

Learn more about the Labor Unions Controversy.

Extremism refers to beliefs and actions that are of an extreme or fanatical nature. Extremism is often connected to political, religious or racialist ideologies that fall far outside of the mainstream. Extremism is often associated with fringe groups such as white supremacists, jihadist terrorists, or religious fundamentalists, and is distinguished from traditional activism for its radical and sometimes violent methods. The controversy over extremism centers on the disagreement between those who subscribe to extremist views and extremist actions, and those who reject the views or methods of extremism, as well as those who work actively to prevent extremism.

Learn more about the Extremism Controversy.

Gain a better understanding of the reasons people resort to extremism with a degree in psychology .

The United States Electoral College is a group of 538 delegates-representing the 50 United States and the District of Columbia-who meet every four years to elect the President and Vice President of the United States. Though the Electoral College is written into the U.S. Constitution, it is also a source of ongoing controversy. This is because the outcome of the electoral vote is the sole determinant of the presidency. Critics argue that this model renders the national popular vote meaningless, undermines the principle of “one-person, one vote,” and results in widespread voter disenfranchisement. Debate over the Electoral College has been magnified by recent elections in which the winner of the national popular vote did not win the electoral vote and thus, did not win the presidency.

Learn more about the Electoral College Controversy.

The term vaccine refers to a form of medical treatment which may be used to preemptively inoculate individuals and populations against infectious diseases. The controversy over vaccines stems from a social phenomenon called vaccine hesitancy, as well as an organized anti-vaccination, or anti-vax, movement. Those who support the use of vaccines point to extensive scientific evidence that vaccines are both safe and effective, whereas those who oppose vaccines believe that vaccines are either unnecessary or unsafe.

Learn more about the Vaccines Controversy.

Outsourcing refers to the business practice of hiring outside consultants, freelance workers, or third-party agencies to complete work that might otherwise be handled in-house. The practice of outsourcing is also highly connected to the rise of globalization, free-trade, and the practice of “offshoring,” in which American companies will open facilities and employ laborers in other countries where wage standards, environmental restrictions, and costs of operation are lower. The outsourcing controversy centers on the conflicting interests of corporate profitability and free market capitalism on one side, and, on the other side, concerns over heightened American unemployment and the exploitation of low-wage workers in the developing sphere.

Learn more about the Outsourcing Controversy.

Gun Control refers to legislation aimed at curbing gun violence in America. The gun control controversy centers on disagreement between sectors of the American public, as well as their political representatives, over the legal implications of the Second Amendment of the Constitution, which grants Americans the right to bear arms. Some argue that the ongoing public health crisis of gun violence necessitates more restrictions around gun manufacturing, sales and ownership while others argue that such regulation is unconstitutional, disagree that stricter gun control laws would lower the occurrence of gun violence, and often point to underlying issues such as mental illness and the need for better training of police officers.

Learn more about the Gun Control Controversy.

United States foreign aid, also referred to as foreign assistance or international aid, is “aid given by the United States to other countries to support global peace, security, and development efforts, and provide humanitarian relief during times of crisis,” according to ForeignAssistance.gov. The controversy over foreign aid divides those who believe there are strategic, economic, and moral imperatives justifying this use of American resources for foreign aid versus those who believe this is a misappropriation of funding that should instead be spent on domestic priorities.

Learn more about the Foreign Aid Controversy.

Nuclear energy refers to the use of nuclear reactions such as nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, and nuclear decay in order to produce power. The controversy over nuclear energy concerns both its perceived impact on the environment and its capacity for weaponization. This history of nuclear energy centers on the expansion of war-making capabilities and, specifically, the creation of weapons capable of mass casualty and mass destruction. But over time, nuclear energy has also become at once an ingrained part of the power grid in the United States and the world. Today, the global debate over nuclear energy concerns its safety, environmental impact, capacity for civil energy production, and its global proliferation as a source of potentially catastrophic weaponry.

Learn more about the Nuclear Energy Controversy.

Police brutality refers to the use of excessive or unnecessary force by law enforcement officers, but may also refer to excessive force used by corrections officers and prison officials. The controversy over police brutality centers on disagreement over the extent of force that law enforcement should be entitled to use while engaging suspects, perpetrators, prisoners, and other members of the general public. Those who believe that police brutality is a problem would argue that the current system of law enforcement gives officers too much discretion and impunity in using violent methods of engagement while those who don’t believe police brutality is a problem would argue that the dangerous nature of law enforcement requires that officers have far-reaching discretion in carrying out their duty, including the use of potentially violent confrontational tactics.

Learn more about the Police Brutality Controversy.

Help bring an end to police brutality with a degree in criminal justice .

Affirmative action refers to an array of policies and practices aimed at redressing historical and ingrained inequalities, especially those experienced by people of color and women as a consequence of systemic discrimination. Affirmative action usually takes the form of education and employment initiatives aimed at creating access and opportunities for individuals from groups that have faced such discrimination. The controversy over affirmative action divides those who believe this is an effective way to push back against the sociological impact of systemic discrimination versus those who believe affirmative action is either ineffective or is, itself, a discriminatory policy.

Learn more about the Affirmative Action Controversy.

A charter school is an educational institution that provides free and uniquely structured educational opportunities to students and families seeking an alternative to traditional public school. Charter schools are a product of the demand for greater school choice, especially in cities where public schools often struggle to provide a high quality educational experience. The controversy over charter schools concerns the belief that charter schools are a valuable alternative to traditional public schooling, especially for disadvantaged or at-risk student populations versus the belief that charter schools divert funding and resources from traditional public schools.

Learn more about the Charter Schools Controversy.

Trump and the “Big Lie”

The controversy over Trump and the “Big Lie” centers on the results of the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election and Donald Trump’s efforts to overturn these results. In the months leading up to the November election, sitting President Donald Trump and his supporters and allies made widespread preemptive allegations that the outcome of the election would be rigged, and that a massive conspiracy was already underway involving crooked Democratic operatives, corrupt state voting commissions, preprogrammed voting machines, foreign Communist interference, and more.

Learn more about the Trump and the “Big Lie”.

Black Lives Matter is a modern protest movement centered around civil rights causes impacting Black Americans, especially as they relate to police brutality, vigilante violence, and institutional inequality in the American legal system. Black Lives Matter is at once a multi-chapter organization with concentrated leadership and a decentralized global movement engaged in widespread activism.

Learn more about the Black Lives Matter Movement .

A new surge in cases is gripping the United States. Schools all over the country are adopting vaccine mandates. Vaccine skeptics argue these mandates are a violation of individual liberties. A prominent anti-vaccination activist writes “Vaccination is the putting of an impure thing into the blood – a virus or poison – often resulting in serious evil effects. In vogue for more than one hundred years, it has been received by most persons without question. Yet the time is passing when people will accept a medical dogma on blind faith; they now demand to know something about the practices to which they are called on to submit.”

Learn more about the COVID Vaccine Mandates Controversy .

The controversy over Critical Race Theory (CRT) centers on whether or not this subject should be taught in schools. And to an extent, the Critical Race Theory controversy also extends from differing views on exactly what defines Critical Race Theory. To supporters, Critical Race Theory refers to a university-level subject that addresses the intersection between race, law, and systemic inequality. To opponents, Critical Race Theory refers to any effort to inject discourse over race, gender, diversity, or discrimination into public school curricuclum at any level of education. The result of these differing views–both on what defines CRT, and whether it should be taught in schools–is a heated public debate being placed out in city council chambers, school board meetings, and the halls of Congress.

Learn more about the Critical Race Theory Controversy:

• Controversial Topic: Critical Race Theory
• Critical Race Theorists

The cannabis industry is in a state of steady growth. For students already with a background in subjects like business, law, chemistry, and plant biology, this growth represents great professional opportunity. And for students interested in taking a more direct route, a number of fully accredited colleges and universities now offer courses, certifications, minors, and even four-year bachelor’s degrees in cannabis studies. We’ve highlighted the top schools for studying marijuana—and as a bonus, we’ve included a ranking of the Top Cannabis Influencers and the Most Influential Books About Cannabis from the last half-century.

Learn more about the Marijuana Legalization Controversy .

How Did We Choose these Controversies?

We wanted to know exactly which controversial topics were actually the “most controversial.”

Our machine-learning algorithm measures influence based on Wikipedia pageviews and links. This provides a point-based way of scoring the permeation, visibility, frequency, and quality of mentions. At AcademicInfluence, Influence Rankings are used to identify and rank academics and thought leaders for their relative influence.

Using our behind-the-scenes Ranking Analytics tool, we applied the same standard to measuring the breadth of a given controversy. Those topics which scored the most “influence points,” based on page views and links, could therefore be identified as the “most” controversial for the sheer breadth of coverage they have received in the public forum.

It should be noted that the breadth of topical coverage is not necessarily reflective of the intensity or emotional disagreement surrounding a given controversy so much as the degree to which it has been publicly discussed, debated, written on, and read about. In essence, “most controversial” is a measure of how widely a topic is covered and how widely people actually read the Wikipedia articles covering it.

What’s Missing and Why?

There is no limit to the number of topics that could be used to spark a spirited debate. Certainly, countless worthy topics have fallen just short of our decidedly exclusive list of 30. A topic which is close to your heart may not be here. Be assured, this is not because we overlooked these important topics, but because our Ranking Analytics revealed fewer page-views and links in connection with these topics than with those which did make our list.

Time frame also played a big role in our findings. Our search parameters were bound between the years 2000 and 2020. A different time frame would likely have revealed a different landscape of controversies.

Evolutionary theory, for instance, ranked #36 on our list, and therefore fell short of the Top 30. However, it is entirely likely that this topic would have ranked far higher on the same list had it been compiled to coincide with the Scopes Monkey Trial in the 1920s.

Limitations

Among the limitations to our method, our algorithm doesn’t provide a comprehensive measure of how related terms might rank for page views and links. However, it is our goal over time to refine our machine-learning engine to identify and account for more sweeping views of a given topic.

We should also note that discussions are largely focused on controversial debte topics in American public life. Far too many cultural, social, geographic, and political realities shape the different ways in which various national publics perceive and approach controversial topics. Such subject matter demands focus and context. Therefore, while some of the influencers and historical notes included may touch on controversy in countries other than the U.S., this is, by design, an ethnocentric list of controversial topics revolving around American controversies.

Digging Into Controversy: How We Do It

Now that you know how we’ve identified the most controversial topics, be aware that we have no intention of taking sides. Our goal is to identify these topics, and point colleges students and other readers in the direction of those who have helped to define the issue. Historical influencers and books have, like our list of controversial topics, been drawn directly from our Ranking Analytics. More current influencers have been drawn from a vetted selection of findings using our Academic Influence engine.

You will agree with some of the figures on each list. You will disagree with some of them. You may even be offended by the inclusion of some influencer in our discussion . But inclusion is not endorsement. It is merely acknowledgment of influence, for better or worse.

Our goal is to reach beyond the traditional point-counterpoint approach to controversial essay topics. Subjects usually generate controversy because they are complex, and because a wide spectrum of parties may be impacted in very different ways by these issues. This is why we do our best to provide a panoramic view of each controversy (as opposed to an approach which merely pits one side in competition with the other). The result, we hope, is the kind of nuanced discussion required to take on subjects of such complexity.

Therefore, we’ll lay out the subject matter, point you to the experts and thought leaders, and let you do the intellectual footwork. Like we said, learning is all about inquiry. Question everything, and don’t be afraid to lean into a little controversy.

Find additional study resources with a look at our study guides for students at every stage of the educational journey.

Or get valuable study tips, advice on adjusting to campus life, and much more at our student resource homepage .

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Research Roundup: How the Pandemic Changed Management

• Mark C. Bolino,
• Jacob M. Whitney,
• Sarah E. Henry

Lessons from 69 articles published in top management and applied psychology journals.

Researchers recently reviewed 69 articles focused on the management implications of the Covid-19 pandemic that were published between March 2020 and July 2023 in top journals in management and applied psychology. The review highlights the numerous ways in which employees, teams, leaders, organizations, and societies were impacted and offers lessons for managing through future pandemics or other events of mass disruption.

The recent pandemic disrupted life as we know it, including for employees and organizations around the world. To understand such changes, we recently reviewed 69 articles focused on the management implications of the Covid-19 pandemic. These papers were published between March 2020 and July 2023 in top journals in management and applied psychology.

• Mark C. Bolino is the David L. Boren Professor and the Michael F. Price Chair in International Business at the University of Oklahoma’s Price College of Business. His research focuses on understanding how an organization can inspire its employees to go the extra mile without compromising their personal well-being.
• JW Jacob M. Whitney is a doctoral candidate in management at the University of Oklahoma’s Price College of Business and an incoming assistant professor at Kennesaw State University. His research interests include leadership, teams, and organizational citizenship behavior.
• SH Sarah E. Henry is a doctoral candidate in management at the University of Oklahoma’s Price College of Business and an incoming assistant professor at the University of South Florida. Her research interests include organizational citizenship behaviors, workplace interpersonal dynamics, and international management.

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Read our research on: Abortion | Podcasts | Election 2024

Regions & Countries

About 1 in 4 americans have unfavorable views of both biden and trump.

Joe Biden and Donald Trump each have enough delegates in the 2024 presidential primaries to secure their parties’ nominations for president . However, a sizable share of Americans are not particularly fond of either one.

Pew Research Center conducted this analysis to understand the American public’s opinion on presidential candidates Joe Biden and Donald Trump. Most of the data for this analysis comes from a survey of 12,693 respondents from Feb. 13 to 25, 2024.

Most of the respondents (10,642) are members of the American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel recruited through national random sampling of residential addresses. This gives nearly all U.S. adults a chance of selection.

The other 2,051 respondents are members of three other panels: the Ipsos KnowledgePanel, the NORC AmeriSpeak panel and the SSRS opinion panel. All three are national survey panels recruited through random sampling (not “opt-in” polls). We used these additional panels to ensure that the survey would have enough respondents to report on the views of additional subgroups of adults.

For the part of the analysis focusing on the views of Republican primary supporters, we used the responses from a subset of the 4,792 U.S. adults who completed both the February survey and another ATP survey fielded from Nov. 27 to Dec. 3, 2023.

The surveys are weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other categories. Read more about the ATP’s methodology .

Here are the questions used for this analysis and its methodology .

Roughly a quarter of Americans (26%) hold unfavorable views of both Trump and Biden. This “double negative” sentiment is more common among younger adults than older adults. Those who reject partisan labels – identifying as independent or “something else” and instead leaning toward a party – are also more likely to hold this combination of views.

Most Americans view only one of the two men favorably: 37% have a favorable view of Trump and an unfavorable view of Biden, while 34% have a favorable view of Biden and an unfavorable view of Trump. Just 2% of Americans say they have a favorable view of both , according to a Pew Research Center survey of 12,693 adults conducted Feb. 13-25.

‘Double negatives’ are more common among some demographic groups

Younger adults are particularly likely to be “double negatives.” About four-in-ten adults ages 18 to 29 (41%) have an unfavorable opinion of both Biden and Trump. In comparison, three-in-ten adults ages 30 to 49 and fewer than two-in-ten of those 50 and older dislike both men.

Partisanship

Among Republicans and Republican-leaning independents, 72% have a favorable view of Trump only, while 4% have a favorable view of Biden only. About two-in-ten (22%) have unfavorable views of both .

But there are differences between those who identify as Republican and those who lean toward the Republican Party.

While Republican leaners are no more likely than Republican identifiers to view Biden favorably, they have less favorable views of Trump.

As a result, about a third of Republican leaners (35%) are double negatives, with an unfavorable view of both Biden and Trump. In comparison , just 15% of Republican identifiers are double negatives.

There is a similar dynamic among Democrats. About two-thirds of Democrats and Democratic-leaning independents say they have a favorable view of Biden and an unfavorable view of Trump. But among Democratic leaners, 38% have negative views of both Trump and Biden . That drops to 19% among those who identify as Democrats.

How many Haley, DeSantis supporters are ‘double negatives’?

Republican and Republican-leaning registered voters who supported a GOP candidate other than Trump for the 2024 presidential nomination are less favorable to the former president than those who backed him.

Nikki Haley’s primary supporters are especially likely to say they dislike both Trump and Biden. Among Republican and Republican-leaning registered voters who said in a December survey that they supported Haley for the Republican nomination, roughly half (53%) currently have unfavorable opinions of both Biden and Trump.

About four-in-ten (38%) of Haley’s supporters say they have a favorable view of Trump and not of Biden, while 9% say they have an unfavorable view of Trump but a favorable view of Biden.

Among Ron DeSantis’ December supporters, about three-in-ten are double negatives. Seven-in-ten have a favorable view of Trump and an unfavorable view of Biden.

An overwhelming majority of Trump’s primary supporters (96%) say they have a favorable view of Trump and an unfavorable view of Biden.

Biden and Trump favorability ratings

Overall, 62% of Americans have an unfavorable view of Biden – nearly identical to the 60% of Americans who view Trump negatively. (Read more about how Americans view Biden and Trump .)  

While Biden’s favorability ratings are little changed over the last year, they are more negative than they were in 2022. This shift has largely been within his own party: In July 2022, 75% of Democrats and Democratic leaners rated him positively. Today, 67% do.  

Republicans’ negative views of Biden have held steady over that time. Today, 94% say they have an unfavorable view of him.

Trump’s ratings are largely the same as they were in 2022. However, they are somewhat less negative than in 2023, as Republicans’ views have grown more positive.

Today, 73% of Republicans and Republican leaners hold a favorable view of the former president, up from 66% in July 2023.

Democrats continue to overwhelmingly view Trump negatively: 91% say they have an unfavorable view of him.

Views of Trump and Biden among racial and ethnic groups  

There have been only modest changes in views of Biden and Trump over the past two years among Black, Asian and White adults.

Among Hispanic adults, however, there are bigger changes. Hispanics are less likely to hold favorable views of Biden now than they were two years ago, and they are slightly more positive about Trump.

In July 2022, 54% of Hispanic adults held a favorable view of Biden. Today, that share has dropped to 37%.

At the same time, Trump’s favorability among Hispanic adults has ticked up, from 28% in July 2022 to 34% now.

Favorability by age

As has generally been the case for the past several years, younger Americans are less likely than older Americans to have favorable views of Biden or Trump.

Today, about three-in-ten adults under 30 say they have a favorable view of Biden (29%), while a nearly identical share (31%) have a favorable view of Trump.

Note: Here are the questions used for this analysis and its methodology .

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About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts .

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New Research Reveals Full Diversity of Killer Whales as Two Species Come into View on Pacific Coast

March 27, 2024

Long viewed as one worldwide species, killer whale diversity now merits more. Southern Resident Connections - Post 35

Scientists have resolved one of the outstanding questions about one of the world’s most recognizable creatures, identifying two well-known killer whales in the North Pacific Ocean as separate species.

Killer whales are one of the most widespread animals on Earth. They have long been considered one worldwide species known scientifically as Orcinus orca , with different forms in various regions known as “ecotypes.”

However, biologists have increasingly recognized the differences between resident and Bigg’s killer whales. Resident killer whales maintain tight-knit family pods and prey on salmon and other marine fish. Bigg’s killer whales roam in smaller groups, preying on other marine mammals such as seals and whales. (Killer whales actually belong to the dolphin family.) Bigg’s killer whales, sometimes called transients, are named for Canadian scientist Michael Bigg, the first to describe telltale differences between the two types.

He noted in the 1970s that the two animals did not mix with each other even when they occupied many of the same coastal waters. This is often a sign of different species.

The finding recognizes the accuracy of the listing of Southern Resident killer whales as a Distinct Population Segment warranting protection under the Endangered Species Act in 2005. At the time, NOAA described the distinct population segment as part of an unnamed subspecies of resident killer whales in the North Pacific.

Now a team of scientists from NOAA Fisheries and universities have assembled genetic, physical, and behavioral evidence. The data distinguish two of the killer whale ecotypes of the North Pacific Coast—residents and Bigg’s—as separate species.

“We started to ask this question 20 years ago, but we didn’t have much data, and we did not have the tools that we do now,” said Phil Morin, an evolutionary geneticist at NOAA Fisheries’ Southwest Fisheries Science Center and lead author of the new paper . “Now we have more of both, and the weight of the evidence says these are different species.”

Genetic data from previous studies revealed that the two species likely diverged more than 300,000 years ago and come from opposite ends of the killer whale family tree. That makes them about as genetically different as any killer whale ecotypes around the globe. Subsequent studies of genomic data confirm that they have evolved as genetically and culturally distinct groups, which occupy different niches in the same Northwest marine ecosystem.

“They’re the most different killer whales in the world, and they live right next to each other and see each other all the time,” said Barbara Taylor, a former NOAA Fisheries marine mammal biologist who was part of the science panel that assessed the status of Southern Residents. “They just do not mix.”

Recognizing New Species

The Taxonomy Committee of the Society of Marine Mammalogy will determine whether to recognize the new species in its official list of marine mammal species . The committee will likely determine whether to accept the new designations at its next annual review this summer.

The scientists proposed scientific names for the new species based on their earliest published descriptions in the 1800s. Neither will keep the ubiquitous worldwide moniker, orca . The team proposed to call resident killer whales Orcinus ater , a Latin reference to their dominant black coloring. Bigg’s killer whales would be called Orcinus rectipinnus , a combination of Latin words for erect wing, probably referring to their tall, sharp dorsal fin.

Both species names were originally published in 1869 by Edward Drinker Cope, a Pennsylvania scientist known more for unearthing dinosaurs than studying marine mammals. He was working from a manuscript that California whaling captain Charles Melville Scammon had sent to the Smithsonian Institution describing West Coast marine mammals, including the two killer whales. While Cope credited Scammon for the descriptions, Scammon took issue with Cope for editing and publishing Scammon’s work without telling him. (See accompanying story .)

The Smithsonian Institution had shared Scammon’s work with Cope, and a Smithsonian official later apologized to Scammon for what he called “Cope’s absurd blunder.”

Species Reflect Ecosystem

The contested question of whether Southern Residents were distinct enough to merit endangered species protections initially drove much of the research that helped differentiate the two species, said Eric Archer, who leads the Marine Mammal Genetics Program at the Southwest Fisheries Science Center and is a coauthor of the new research paper. The increasing processing power of computers has made it possible to examine killer whale DNA in ever finer detail. He said the findings not only validate protection for the animals themselves, but also help reveal different components of the marine ecosystems the whales depend on.

“As we better understand what makes these species special, we learn more about how they use the ecosystems they inhabit and what makes those environments special, too,” he said.

The new research synthesizes the earliest accounts of killer whales on the Pacific Coast with modern data on physical characteristics. The team also use aerial imaging (called photogrammetry ), and measurement and genetic testing of museum specimens at the Smithsonian and elsewhere. While the two species look similar to the untrained eye, the evidence demonstrates they are very different species. The two species use different ecological niches, such as specializing in different prey, said Kim Parsons, a geneticist at the NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center in Seattle and coauthor of the new research.

Recent research with drones that collect precise aerial photos has helped differentiate Bigg’s killer whales as longer and larger. This might better equip them to go after large marine mammal prey. The smaller size of residents is likely better suited to deep dives after their salmon prey, said John Durban, an associate professor at Oregon State University’s Marine Mammal Institute. His killer whale drone research is done collaboratively with Holly Fearnbach, a researcher at SR³.

The different prey of the two species may also help explain their different trajectories. Southern Residents are listed as endangered in part because of the scarcity of their salmon prey. Bigg’s killer whales, by contrast, have multiplied while feeding on plentiful marine mammals, including California sea lions.

While killer whales represent some of the most efficient predators the world has ever seen, Durban said science is still unraveling the diversity among them. The identification of additional killer whale species is likely to follow. One leading candidate may be “Type D” killer whales identified in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica.

Other killer whales in Antarctic waters also look very different from the best-known black and white killer whales. This reflects a wider diversity within the species, said Durban, who has used drones to study killer whales around the world. “The more we learn,” he said, “the clearer it becomes to me that at least some of these types will be recognized as different species in due course.”

Southern Resident Connections

Southern Resident killer whales are icons of a vibrant but struggling marine ecosystem that is important to us all. Join us in exploring the ecological connections that tie this system together, and the ways we are protecting and working to recover the whales we all care so much about.

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More Information

• New Research Reveals Two Species of Killer Whale
• How Scientists Chose Names for Newly Identified Killer Whale Species
• Two Species of Killer Whale Infographic
• Marine Mammal Genetics Research
• 2004 Status Review of Southern Resident Killer Whales
• Saving the Southern Resident Killer Whales
• Listing of Southern Resident Killer Whale Under the ESA
• Killer Whale Ecotypes Poster

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