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120 Common and Difficult Graduate School Interview Questions

Including expert answers to help you prepare.

In this blog, you will see some of the most common and some of the most difficult or tricky graduate school interview questions candidates often face in interviews. These are the kinds of questions you likely already have in mind, and to which you have hopefully given some thought already, especially when you prepared your other materials such as your graduate school resume and graduate school cover letter . For those more difficult questions, we’ll provide some discussion about the question and an expert response. 

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Article Contents 21 min read

Types of graduate school interview questions, “the process of preparing for graduate school interviews can be both very arduous and anxiety inducing. through bemo not only was i able to quell my anxiety, but i was also able to establish a baseline through which i can improve on any weaknesses come interview day. additionally, their mock interviews truly help with getting you (as the prospective student) acclimated to the environment in order to be even more prepared for the whole process.” - anonymous, bemo student.

Similar to how there are graduate programs that don’t require GRE , not all graduate programs require an interview, but – increasingly – many programs are making an interview a part of their graduate program requirements . 

If you’re applying to a graduate program, ranging from a master’s in social work and master’s in psychology to the easiest PhD programs to get into , you may face an interview, and you need to be prepared for the kinds of questions you may be asked, such as “ why do you want to do a PhD? ”. 

While you should feel comfortable enough to speak in a collegial way with your interviewer(s), you still need to be attentive to the fact that you are being evaluated at all times. With that said, bear in mind that making it to the interview stage for a graduate program means that they’re likely looking for reasons to keep you, rather than reasons to exclude you. Your application materials, such as your graduate school statement of purpose or your PhD motivation letter have gotten you this far, but the last step is your interview. Nikki, who got into a top-tier graduate program in California described the entire graduate school application process as “it's a ton of paperwork; it's a lot of questions you weren't expecting to answer; and it's a lot of writing.”

So while your writing has piqued the review committee’s attention, now, they want to see if you’re as awesome as you seem on paper – that is, if you’re both someone with promising ideas and someone they’ll be interested in bringing into their departmental community; and that can only be done through an interview But as Nikki said, there are many graduate school interview questions that you might not expect to be asked, and you have to be able to know the different types of questions commonly asked in graduate school interviews, as having an idea of what to expect will allow you to put your best self forward on interview day.

“I practiced answering common interview questions. I also prepared explanations of my past experiences and why they made me a good fit for the lab as well as the program overall. I also did some research into the program so I could highlight why I was interested in York specifically.” - Christina Lapytskaia, MA, PhD, York University 

Graduate school interview question #1: tell me about yourself.

This is almost certainly the most common interview question, regardless of where or to what you are applying. This question can and will appear in any professional interview. For example, you can check out sample answers we provide for " Tell me about yourself " medical school interview, " Tell me about yourself” residency interview , and even “ tell me about yourself” nursing school interview . Truly, this is the most common, but nevertheless nerve wracking question out there. In general, you want to think of this as your “opening statement”, the introduction to the story of you as an aspiring grad student.

But I knew I would need to scale up at some point and develop more skills as a filmmaker. That\u2019s when I decided to pursue undergraduate studies in film. Throughout that experience, I worked with other students who were interested in all different aspects of filmmaking: production, acting, cinematography, film history, screenwriting, and others. . Having a Bachelor of Arts degree in film studies was great for my resume and burgeoning reputation as an emerging creator, but I knew what I was lacking was a more robust learning experience in film history, theory, and analysis. . It\u2019s been a difficult road, but I\u2019ve been slowly building myself up as a creator. I believe that as I continue to develop my knowledge and understanding of film from a philosophical perspective, I can have a fulfilling career as a filmmaker\/critic. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab1" template="BlogArticle">

Would you rather watch a video? Here's some tips on preparing for your grad school interview:

Graduate School Interview Question #2: Why Our School/Program?

“find out in advance who you will be interviewed by - is it the head of the program or a mix of students and professors this will help you determine how to prepare and anticipate what kinds of questions may be asked and what you should discuss. the second tip would be to research the school and the program. what is the school known for what is the program known for once you know the answers to these questions, determine what relevant experience you have, either through work, academics, extracurricular, or volunteering, that you can use as content to showcase how the skills and experiences you have align with that of the school and the particular program you are applying to. lastly, avoid statements that are vague and uninformative to showcase alignment, such as stating 'i love research' or 'i have a passion for learning'. instead, showcase your 'love for research' or your 'passion for learning' through personal examples/stories that demonstrate how you are motivated to pursue research etc. this will make you stand out compared to other applicants.” - megan aoki, phd, trent university.

As Megan says, in responding to this question, you need to be specific. You need to think about questions, such as, what is it about the curriculum at that school that fits your own learning style or needs? What faculty member(s) would you like work with, and why do you want to work with them? Do you have a potential supervisor in mind? And, if so, have you reached out to them yet, to ensure they’re taking on students and interested in your intended course of study? Note: if you haven’t done this by the time you get the invitation to interview, then you need to do so prior to the interview, if at all possible!

 I believe that while theory and practical knowledge are important aspects of a robust education for this particular discipline, it\u2019s perhaps just as important to have experience applying concepts to real-world issues in the community and worldwide. The University of Toronto Master of Environment and Sustainability has a strong emphasis on research, as well. With one of my biology professors, I participated in an a few field biology experiences; on one particular expedition, we collected samples and data concerning mottled duskwings, a medium-sized butterfly native to the geography. It\u2019s always been important to me that my education emphasizes experience and practical application, especially in a field such as environmental studies. With collaborative specializations in Environment and Health, I expect to acquire a more holistic perspective on environmental issues with a better approach to solutions, at the University of Toronto in this program. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab2" template="BlogArticle">

“My interview prep would include researching the program, practicing responses to common questions, and ensuring I could eloquently articulate my academic and research experiences. Also, I would engage in practice sessions with mentors, including graduate students with who I collaborated and worked with. Additionally, I would seek advice from my professors to enhance my preparedness for addressing specific questions.” - Celia Ferrag, PhD, University of Toronto

Up to this point, you’ve probably been thinking more about what you, as a student, will “get” from the institution (in terms of funding, research support or resources, work in a lab or as a TA, scholarly mentors, how to transition from academia to industry , and how to find industry jobs after PhD etc.). At this stage of your education, however, you must realize that the institution will get a lot out of you, as well. They will benefit from the research you do, the teaching work you will likely have to do, etc. So, what new, exciting ideas are you bringing with you? What can you offer them that others may not be able to offer (or, at least, not in the same ways as you)?

If I am accepted into your program, I want to be one of those students who can support their classmates.  Collaboration in math is perhaps an underappreciated element; but for me, it is an integral component. In the primary research areas being vehemently explored at Waterloo, including carbon nanotubes and fluid mechanics, my collaborative spirit and enthusiasm will motivate students to work together to move research forward. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab3" template="BlogArticle">

Here's how to tackle the hardest graduate school interview questions:

Graduate School Interview Question #4: Why Are You Interested in This Field?

“my interview with gautham pulagam was an extremely pleasurable experience. he not only helped me discover what i need to do to better myself, but he offered examples and tasks to do so. his help along with all the other people at bemo has been crucial in helping me develop my interview and writing skills. he was extremely helpful, and made me feel welcome because he remembered reading my personal statement from what i said during the mock interview. overall, it was a pleasant experience and i would recommend his help to anyone attempting to get into grad school.” - thomas w., bemo student.

Whatever graduate program you’re pursuing, you need to have specific reasons for why you are following this particular path. You love the field? Great! What do you love about the field? WHY do you love those specific things about the field? What do studies in this area offer you that you can’t find in other disciplines? Answering these questions will give you the best answer to “Why are you interested in this field?”

And if you’re nervous about this question – don’t be. You inadvertently already answered this question in your graduate school statement of purpose or your grad school career coals statement. This time, you will simply need to articulate your interest verbally. Make sure to use examples of events and experiences that showcase that you took all the necessary steps to be certain in your field of choice.

I think that there are many ways that education could be improved in terms of inclusion and diversity. I think it\u2019s also important to acknowledge what education on various levels does well and strive to uphold these practices. Traditional methods used in our classrooms and lectures can truly empower students from all different backgrounds, but we also need to work on diversifying the methods we use to address a variety of student populations. From experience, I know that classroom settings can either alienate or promote self-realization and unification. I want to deepen my knowledge of the relationship between education and society with a focus on equity and social justice. My goal is to become an educator, so I know it will be important to integrate a variety of perspectives on these issues so I can embody a message of inclusion in the classroom. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab4" template="BlogArticle">

"The most common issue I encountered when I interviewed prospective graduate students (especially for a master’s program) is the lack of interest and clear goals in pursuing grad school. Some students apply to master’s as a placeholder for other professional programs (medicine, dentistry, vet, pharmacy, nursing, etc.) until they get in. This is sometimes apparent in interviews when a student’s goals do not align with pursuing graduate school (i.e. they are not interested in academia or industry). I have heard this answer too many times and it should be avoided: 'I am not entirely sure what I want to do in the future, and I truly believe this lab is a good avenue to explore whether or not I like research'. Even if this is the case, it was always a red flag to interviewers about their seriousness or commitment.” - Reem Sabry, MSc, PhD, University of Guelph

If you’re hoping to do a PhD, it is important to be able to articulate why doing a PhD, specifically, is the right choice for you, your priorities, and your goals.  Remember, the interviewers will most likely have reviewed your research resume and other application materials, so they know what you are capable of academically. Try to give them a larger picture of what a PhD will mean for your career and personal goals. Most importantly, remember to indicate what the school or the program possess that would allow you to achieve your PhD ambitions.

I have many goals with my research; but I think my central purpose in wanting to obtain a PhD at this particular institution is to gain access to the research institute connected with your school. Many formidable contributions to the growing body of research have been made within those walls, from causal interference models to AI and AI in public health. The abundant opportunities to collaborate and work with some of these eminent researchers is my primary attraction to this program. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab5" template="BlogArticle">

Here are some tips on getting into graduate school!

Graduate school interview question #6: where else are you applying.

This is a difficult question because you need to be honest, but you also need to be able to demonstrate why this particular institution would be a top choice for you. They want to be fairly certain that you’ll accept an offer, if it’s extended; at the same time, you need to cover your own bases and apply to multiple schools, if that’s what’s right for you (though we don’t recommend casting an overly-wide net with applications). This is why your answer should speak to elements you really value in any program, such as curriculum, research opportunities, faculty, teaching opportunities, and so on. So rather than focusing on specific schools and what they offer, focus your answer on why you applied to certain schools, including the one where you are interviewing.

When I looked for graduate school programs, I mostly focus on scholarship and research opportunities, as well as the faculty I had a chance to work with. In addition to this program, I have also applied to X school and Y school, both of which have excellent programs and scholarship opportunities in-line with my interests. That said, this school would be one of my top choices, particularly because of the work Dr. Singh is doing in his [Research Lab]. I\u2019ve corresponded with Dr. Singh about his current initiative, and found that our interests overlap considerably, and he responded favorably when I asked if he might consider supervising my project, if I am accepted. I am up-to-date on his work and have been following it for some time now; working with him as I complete my degree would be ideal, due to my interest in this particular area. While I need to spend some time familiarizing myself with the wider field and theoretical resources, which will happen during my coursework, I already have some ideas of independent research I could possibly do, branching off of the work he\u2019s done already. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab6" template="BlogArticle">

Graduate School Interview Question #7: What Do You See as the Major Trends in Your Field of Study?

While it’s not expected that you will be an expert in the field at this point, you do need to demonstrate that you’re engaging the literature, that you’re pursuing the ideas in this area of scholarship, and that you’re doing these outside of and beyond your standard coursework. Those who do the bare minimum aren’t generally well-suited for graduate school. In undergraduate studies, you’re gaining exposure to a wide range of ideas, but you only take the very first steps down the specialization process in your final year or two of undergrad. Graduate school is a whole different beast – graduate school is as different from undergraduate as undergrad was from high school.

Wearable technologies are also rapidly developing innovations. ReWalk is perhaps one of the best examples. ReWalk allows patients with spinal injuries or injuries preventing them from being able to walk to stand and move using motors at the hip and knee; these devices are equipped with gravity sensors that the patient can use to steer and direct themselves with weight distribution. ReWalk is the first of probably many exoskeletons to get FDA approval for personal use. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab7" template="BlogArticle">

Graduate School Interview Question #8: Can You Explain Your Research (or Research Interests) in a Way that Would be Comprehensible to Non-Specialists?

“when i interviewed to do my master’s and my phd in a specific lab under two different faculty members, i started by reading their research. i read at least 2 most recent publications for that faculty member. i also created a list of my personal experiences that could be relevant to their research. i focused on technical lab skills as this is a common question if you are joining a wet lab. lastly, i practiced the most common interview questions (tell me about yourself and tell us your weaknesses.)” - reem sabry, msc, phd, university of guelph .

Ensure you can break down key concepts, unpack complex jargon, and explain the things you’ve done as if you were speaking to someone with no specific knowledge in the area. While you’ll likely learn additional methodologies and approaches as part of your graduate education, you still need to be able to discuss your own work and interests, demonstrate the skills and competencies you’ve already started polishing, and stir your listener’s interest by demonstrating both enthusiasm and nuanced, trenchant consideration of the field and the contributions you’d like to make to scholarship (broadly defined – inside and outside of academe).

In my developments on this topic, I make the case for what some have called a \u201cproto-racist\u201d conception of ancient Greek racism and discrimination. I don\u2019t believe that there is much evidence, as it stands, to suggest that the ancient Greeks were discriminating against discrete groups of people who would\u2019ve assumed a \u201cWhite\u201d identity, put in our modern terms. They did, for instance, attribute to groups a common characteristic that weren\u2019t biologically determined, yet were influenced by external factors. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab8" template="BlogArticle">

Here's some advice on writing your research resume:

Graduate School Interview Question #9: What is Your Research Interest?/What Are You Hoping to Research?

At first glance, this may not seem like a difficult question. Indeed, it may be one of the most obvious. However, at the stage of applying to graduate school, you will likely not have a clear research agenda yet, and that’s okay! As well, even if you do have a clear research agenda, it will almost certainly change before you finish your degree, as that is – quite simply – just the nature of research at this level.

The good thing is that your interviewer knows all of this. They know you’re not a grad student – yet. They know you’re not an expert – yet. So, come in with a clear idea of where you think you want to go with your education, but don’t panic if you can’t hand in a detailed research plan – yet. Be as specific as you can, and demonstrate why these ideas matter to you. On the other side of things, don’t come in with some grand plan that you think will shake the discipline to the core with its revolutionary ideas. So, do bring a good dose of humility with you into the interview.

 For my undergraduate thesis under Dr. Koenig at XYZ University, I was able to draw on Dr. Stevenson\u2019s theories to explore the 2016 Standing Rock protests and media\/social media response, a project that allowed me to respectfully approach members of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe for an interview, to better understand what they saw happening in this historical event and the popular support shown on major social media sites, like Facebook. The ways in which a history that, at the time, seemed to me rather far in the past, was seen as immediately relevant \u2013 a symbol of a larger struggle that has been teeming for centuries \u2013 was eye-opening for me. I want to understand this more deeply and explore the ways in which contemporary social media similarly collapses boundaries between past and present. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab9" template="BlogArticle">

Graduate School Interview Question #10: If You Could, Would You Change Anything About Your Academic Experience so Far?

Academia is a social sphere, and there are alliances, cliques, and gossips, as there are in any social sphere. You don’t want to speak poorly of one professor, only to find out that they are close colleagues with your interviewer. So, if that thing you’d change has to do with the institution, avoid naming names and discuss why the issue was concerning or disruptive enough to leave you wishing it were different, and explain how you succeeded despite this. Turn it into a positive conversation about what you’ve overcome.

At my undergraduate institution, we were a rather small department. While I immensely value the education I received, the courses I took, and the professors who supported me, the diversity of perspectives was not as expansive as I wish it could have been. I was exposed to many different ideas and perspectives, and these were certainly present among our faculty, but with only 5 core professors, I was limited in terms of the specific guidance I was able to receive. That said, my professors were incredibly encouraging, and two of them put me into contact with colleagues at other institutions, whose ideas they thought I might appreciate. We corresponded by email, and they sent me some of their syllabi and reading lists, which added supplemental material to the courses I was already taking. Although a wide diversity of perspectives wasn\u2019t available to me on campus, my mentors were able to point me to resources that helped me expand my interests and follow what captured my attention. I look forward to the day when I\u2019m presenting at conferences, so that I can meet these scholars and thank them in person \u2013 I don\u2019t know if they realize just how important their insights were in fostering my passion to continue my studies. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab10" template="BlogArticle">

Still working on your statement of purpose for graduate school? Here are some tips:

Graduate School Interview Questions: Personal

Graduate school interview question #11: how do you deal with failure/disappointment.

Asking about uncomfortable things from our life history – failures, limitations, weaknesses – is very common in any interview. The purpose is generally two-fold: to see how you handle being asked about such things in a high-pressure situation (because we all just LOVE talking about our failures, right?!), and to see how you approach such “negatives”. It is very important that you reflect on such questions in advance, and do some probing to gain insights into who you are, how you’ve grown, and how you overcame such drawbacks. It is, quite frankly, inevitable that we will all fail at some point, we all have limitations and weaknesses, but what we do with all of these matters. If you can view these as mere bumps on the longer path to success, and focus on what you’ve learned when confronted with your own limitations or failures, then you’ll be able to navigate a touchy question like this one successfully , like our admissions expert Dr. Thais Lavangolli, PhD, did:

“I think the hardest question I had at that time was about describing a situation that I failed. I was afraid to come across unprepared or that I didn’t have the skills required to succeed in their program. I didn’t have much experience with interviews or how to address this type of questions, so I remember that I panicked for a moment until I was able to focus on an effective answer that showed that everyone can make mistakes, but it is important to be able to recognize them and improve from there.” – Dr. Thais Lavagnolli, PhD, Imperial College London

If asked to give  examples of personal limitations , again, be honest. Do not try to sneak in a “weakness-that’s-really-a-strength” – interviewers can see right through it, and it comes off feeling cliché, at best. Have you historically had poor time management? Say so. Do you have a hard time saying “no” to others? Tell them. Are you someone who is not naturally inclined toward organization? Confess. But, in all of these cases, do not simply leave it at that! Tell them how you are working past (or how you have worked past) such limitations. Poor time management? How do you stay on top of your school and other work, and how will you continue to do so as a graduate student? Uncomfortable saying “no”? What have you done to start creating boundaries, so that you won’t be overwhelmed? Disorganized? What systems have you put in place to manage your data? Show them you won’t just shrug your shoulders when you face adversity – even when the source of it is you yourself!

I realized, after some reflection, that my expectations needed recalibration. As a first-time writer seeking representation, I needed to understand that it was unlikely to get published without any prior experience or credentials. So, during my undergraduate studies, I joined a writer\u2019s club. With a group of motivated writers from all different experience levels, we critiqued each other\u2019s work and discussed technique, style, and how to develop strong pitch materials. At the same time, I was volunteering as an editor for the school literary journal. I was reading submissions and making recommendations to the senior editor about what I thought would be good material to publish. I was learning to deal with my disappointment by using it to motivate improvement, in a more productive scientific manner. I had my first short story published in a mid-tier magazine. It was one of the most rewarding feelings. Failure is all about perspective; if you use it productively, you can turn it into something positive. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab11" template="BlogArticle">

Graduate School Interview Question #12: What is Your Most Significant Accomplishment?

If you’re applying to a graduate program, you likely have significant accomplishments – academic, but probably personal, as well. That’s awesome! You should absolutely talk about this in the interview, of course! But, a word of caution: Be Humble – especially if you choose to talk about academic achievement. Your accomplishments are valid and worthy and you should absolutely be proud of them. However, you’re about to enter an arena where everyone is at least as accomplished as you are. You may be used to being at the top of every list, but now, you’re going to be working with all the other #1s, as well as the people who rank such lists. A dose of humility is always welcomed. Remember, the people interviewing you are looking at you as a future colleague. Graduate school is – ideally – more about working collaboratively and collegially with your peers and professors than it is working for your profs in undergrad. Along with evaluating your academic bona fides, they also want to ensure that you’re a person they’d like to see every day , as our admissions expert Vicky Cerdeira, MSc, points out:

“Don’t be robots. They want to see passion, and not scripted answers. You want to showcase that you are thinking, and that you are capable of applying your knowledge about life (and science) in and outside of the program. So let other people see how excited you get about the subject/program/research, while also highlighting your accomplishments. Be yourself, and never lie (to yourself and to others).” – Vicky Cerdeira, MSc, Université du Québec à Montréal 

But the road didn\u2019t stop there. We faced some of the best teams in the region on our way to the finals. I wasn\u2019t the best player on the team, but I did my best to motivate everyone with hard practice and pre-game speeches. We were the underdogs. When we won, I almost couldn\u2019t believe it. It was an incredible feeling to be able to lead a struggling team to victory, to prove that I could be a strong voice for the team and motivate us out of defeat. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab12" template="BlogArticle">

We are seeing mental health crises in many facets of society, and academia is included in this. The pressure of graduate school is immense and virtually indescribable to those who haven't gone through it.

It’s all a lot to deal with, and it can be mentally trying, even in good times. Depression and anxiety are common. Every year, graduate students abandon their studies under the weight of it all, and some – particularly those with pre-existing struggles with mental health – are driven past the point of no return. Even those who seem “strong” or “okay” may be hurting far more than they may let on.

As such, the push toward a mental wellness model in academia is underway, but it’s slow-going. You need to demonstrate during the interview that you are realistic about the immense pressure you will be under, and that you have coping strategies in place to handle such stressors. As such, do not demonstrate any behaviors that can be construed as signs of stress or anxiety, as our admissions expert Dr. Megan Aoki, PhD, says:

“Generate a positive impression from the start of your interview through your body language (posture, eye contact, warm expression). With this in mind, avoid the following in your non-verbal communication: folding in on yourself, constant downward gaze instead of eye contact, fidgeting, playing with hair, intense eye contact (be natural about it), rigid posture, etc. These behaviors convey information to the interviewer that could be perceived as a lack of confidence or inability to handle stress. Therefore, it is important to think about the impression you want to leave. Think about using your non-verbal communication to establish a good first impression that you reiterate then with your verbal responses.” - Dr. Megan Aoki, PhD, Trent University

I\u2019m fortunate in that I\u2019m very close with my family, and I have a long-term partner, as well. They are all an immense source of support, and I always have a loving ear when I need to vent. On top of that, being in nature really helps me keep everything in perspective. My partner and I go camping every long weekend during the warmer months, and I live 5 minutes away from a massive, beautiful park, right on the lake. I actually take my books and laptop there frequently, sitting at a picnic table in the shade of a massive tree, looking out across the lake \u2013 it\u2019s one of the best places to get work done. I can take breaks, listen to birds chirping, watch squirrels play, or just feel the breeze on my face. Even when I can\u2019t go there, I have a nice garden in my backyard, where I grow flowers and vegetables, and a little outdoor work station where I can do some reading or writing. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab13" template="BlogArticle">

Want to know how to get into grad school with a low GPA? These tips can help:

Graduate School Interview Question #14: What Have You Been Reading?/What’s the Last Book You Read?

This question is difficult because of how informal it can come across when asked. As ever, you want to be honest, but that means making a note to yourself right now: Ensure you’re reading things that show depth and curiosity! This doesn’t mean reading only those things related to your area of scholarship, but you absolutely do need to have such things in your regular rotation. If, for example, there are primary works in your field that you haven’t had the chance to read yet, then get to a library! Often, in undergraduate studies, you’ll read a lot of secondary sources – that is, readings about key theories, thinkers, and methodologies in the field, written by others. But, if there are landmark names in your field whose actual works you’ve never read, work them into your rotation along with some things that are more current. As noted earlier, if you’re not sure what these are – in either case, old or new – ask a research librarian at your school. Most schools will have discipline-specific librarians who are familiar with the major works in that discipline, foundational primary texts and cutting-edge scholarship happening at this very moment. Make use of this incredibly valuable resource – you’re paying for it with your tuition, whether you use it or not!

If you enjoy fiction, non-fiction works outside your field, graphic novels, etc., that’s great, of course! You don’t have to lose yourself and your enjoyment to pursue graduate studies. Just be sure to think through the image you project, if you discuss these in an interview. Reading  Vampirella  is a bit different than reading  Watchmen  or  Maus . Discussing your love of trashy romance novels comes off in a different way than discussing your love of historical biographies. That’s not to suggest there’s anything wrong with enjoying the former of either comparison – you do you! But, you do want to be strategic in what you disclose in an interview, since you're making a first impression (your quirks can come out after you've been accepted!). So, if you’ve legitimately just put down the most recent Harlequin novel, give it some consideration before reflexively answering this question in a way that doesn’t highlight your own depth --unless, of course, you want to study such things as part of your scholarship. 

To be honest, over the past month, I\u2019ve been handling a heavy load at school, so my recreational reading time has been spent more on fiction than non-fiction. I do have a subscription to [Top Journal], but I haven\u2019t had an opportunity to really dig into the latest issue yet. Instead, I\u2019ve been reading Margaret Atwood\u2019s MaddAddam Trilogy before bed each night. If you\u2019re not familiar, it\u2019s a dystopian science fiction story that explores some of the anxieties and potentialities around genetic modification, environmental catastrophe, and the human\/non-human species divide. As someone with an interest in apocalyptic narratives of the past, apocalyptic speculation about the future is also something I find fascinating. Atwood is also renowned for the research that goes into her novels, so seeing her explore the possibilities \u2013 both beneficial and terrifying \u2013 of the technological advances of the present really helps me think through some societal and personal anxieties about where the world is heading. She also just weaves deeply rich and incredibly elaborate worlds that I love spending time in and pondering, even if they are rather unsettling, at times. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab14" template="BlogArticle">

Here's some more advice on writing your graduate school personal statement:

Graduate School Interview Question #15: What are Your Career Goals?

You have most likely touched upon this question in your applications already, but the challenge here is to vocalize this verbally in a coherent narrative. The problem is, many students might be unsure of what exactly they may want to do after grad school. Our admissions expert Dr. Reem Sabry, PhD, shares her experience interviewing grad students:

“The most common issue I encountered when I interviewed prospective graduate students (especially for a master’s program) is the lack of interest and clear goals in pursuing grad school. Some students apply to master’s as a placeholder for other professional programs (medicine, dentistry, vet, pharmacy, nursing, etc) until they get in. This is sometimes apparent in interviews when a student’s goals do not align with pursuing graduate school (i.e. they are not interested in academia or industry). I have heard this answer too many times and it should be avoided: “I am not entirely sure what I want to do in the future, and I truly believe this lab is a good avenue to explore whether or not I like research” Even if this is the case, it was always a red flag to interviewers about their seriousness or commitment.” – Dr. Reem Sabry, PhD, University of Guelf

The key to answering this interview question, even if academia is not your final goal, is to outline what exactly led you to an interest in graduate work in this field and how this program will help you get where you want to go. . If you’re having trouble brainstorming what exactly you want to include in your answer, reach out to a graduate school admissions consultant who can help you with this answer.

Entering university, I joined a peer support group for student recovery an addiction resources. The school already established a strong support program. I mainly worked on developing and promoting resources detailing the effects of substance abuse, how to see the signs, and where to get help. The students I met through the program \u2014struggling or otherwise\u2014were always very grateful for our services. With this student group, I helped develop a report on how university students perceive substance abuse services to understand barriers and resistance to seeking treatment. We found that many students felt they were unworthy of support. To combat this sense of unworthiness, we launched our \u201cyou are worth campaign\u201d promoting anonymous services that people can use to hopefully introduce them to help and lower the perception that they don\u2019t deserve help. I was able to use my father\u2019s experience to help these students and change attitudes towards addiction and treatment at my undergraduate alma mater. I hope to continue this work in my graduate school journey.  ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab15" template="BlogArticle">

Your answer must not only outline what you plan to research in your new program, but what steps you took in your education so far to get to where you are now, as our admissions expert Dr. Reem Sabry, PhD, points out:

"To do a thesis-based graduate program, prior research experience, particularly in a lab setting is valued. Alongside my undergraduate degree, I completed a biotechnology technician diploma at a college, and I included this in my CV. The technical lab skills I learned through extracurriculars made me stand out for grad school.” – Dr. Reem Sabry, PhD, University of Guelf

Even if you changed your interests radically, make sure to create a narrative that shows why you are interested in your topic and how you got there.

If I\u2019m given the opportunity to work on research at your institution on the graduate level, I would like the pursue a similar body of research investigating The Global Workspace Theory and other competing theories, such as Higher-Order theories of consciousness. These are, as I\u2019ve noticed, the two areas that many of your faculty members in the philosophy department are occupied with. Coming from a neuroscience background, I\u2019m also aware of the invaluable contributions and collaborations of a strong neuroscience department. The cognitive neuroscience research facilities available at your institution, equipped with CT and MRI machines, will be an important aspect of my mission to illuminate the mystery of the emergence of consciousness. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab16" template="BlogArticle">

Graduate School Interview Question #17: What Do You See as the Major Trends in Your Field of Study?

Another question that inquires about your level of familiarity with the current questions and research in your field. This is your chance to showcase your knowledge! While you want to remain humble and polite, this is a question that you can prepare for and really demonstrate your level of understanding and interest in the field you are pursuing.

The final trend that I think is worth mentioning is mindfulness. Mindfulness has been given a lot more attention in recent years, especially as research continues to show the short and long-term benefits of applying mindfulness meditation and strategies to their every day lives. I recorded a study during my undergraduate studies using MRI to image the brains of people before and after they learned and applied mindfulness techniques for two months. The activation of the amygdala appeared to diminish whilst subjects performed basic everyday tasks, like studying. I think that mindfulness has a lot of potential to become a more prevalent treatment option for most anxiety-based disorders, including generalized anxiety, OCD, and PTSD. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab17" template="BlogArticle">

Graduate School Interview Question #18: Share Your Opinion on a Current Issue in Your Field.

As you can see, a question on current trends in your field can be asked in different ways. In this case, you are asked about only one trend or issue. This means you can get really in-depth about the topic of your choosing!

I\u2019ve become an advocate to try to help mitigate some of these issues, but I think they will always be present until the government enacts more provisions, and stricter ones at that. I work for an organization that promotes resources and laws that protect nurses from violence and harassment. We have an entire domain full of downloadable resources covering workplace violence prevention policies, updates to occupational safety regulations, how to report to a supervisor, employer duties under the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and more. It\u2019s important for nurses to know their rights in these stations, ideally before they have to face them. And hopefully they never have to. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab18" template="BlogArticle">

This is a dreaded question for those who choose to pursue a discipline that differs from the one they studied previously. But there is nothing to be afraid of! You must simply outline why you chose to pursue a different field and how your previous field prepared you for the one you are pursuing now! This is very common in all kinds of post-graduate and professional programs! Our admissions expert Aaron Schultze, JD, shares how he made his Drama major relevant for law school applications:

“I had a nontraditional major for law school (Theater & Dance). I explained how my fine arts education created a foundation for truthful storytelling and how to perform authentically. I was interested in Criminal Defense, so I explained how a degree in Theater allowed me to understand and relate to different characters in different circumstances.” – Aaron Schulze, JD, University of Texas School of Law

 Brainstorm which qualities and skills you gained in previous field of study that are really valuable and useful in the new field of study you are pursuing.

The reason I decided to pursue a graduate degree in philosophy, and not English, is because I found that I enjoy reading the philosophical texts more than I did the English ones. I gradually veered toward philosophical literature, like Dostoevsky and Tolstoy, until I dived into more classic philosophy such as Plato, Descartes, Hobbes, and Kant. One of my professors, who I took advice from, suggested that if I am still reading and studying philosophy on my own time by the time I graduate, it\u2019s a good indication that I will enjoy a career in philosophy. So, while my approach is somewhat intuitive, I think that my degree in English with some background in philosophy will allow me to pursue this degree with conviction and qualification. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab19" template="BlogArticle">

Graduate School Interview Question #20: What Do You Do for Fun?

Do not be alarmed. This is not a trick question. Grad school interviewers are also people, and these people will most likely spend a lot of time with you if you get accepted. As we already mentioned, graduate school is really about collaboration and working together with other students and faculty. These people want to get to know you and this is why they ask this question. To some extent, you can be honest with your pastimes, but try to avoid contentious or controversial topics. Feel free to reveal your volunteer engagements or activities you like to do with your family and friends. And most importantly, try to reveal in your answer a quality or a skill you think will really demonstrate your character. Tell a story, and engage your interviewers with your answer. You can even connect your pastime with your research, if possible.

My husband and I love to watch Italian cinema. Especially, films made in mid XX century. The appearance on screen of Sophia Loren, Marcello Mastroianni, Claudia Cardinale, and other stars of Italian cinema is always a celebration for us. What I love about Italian films the most are the incredibly sophisticated humor and philosophical outlook on life. Each culture has its own way of seeing the world, and I truly enjoy watching cinema from all over the world, but I find the complexities of life are addressed best in Italian movies, such as the dilemma of artistic creation and mundane reality. As I look for graduate programs in creative writing, I cannot help my reflect on the struggles of the poor Guido Anselmi from Fellini\u2019s 8 1\u20442 who, as an artist, struggled but strived to be an authentic \u201cauteur\u201d, as the French say. I too look for autonomy in creation and inspiration, and understand that only by being honest with myself and with the help of others I can achieve my goals in creative writing. This is something I look forward to in finding in your program.  ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab20" template="BlogArticle">

• How long does it take to typically complete this program?
• Where are recent alumni employed? What do most graduates do after graduation?
• What types of financial aid are offered?
•  What criteria are used for choosing recipients?
• What opportunities are available through the program to gain practical work experience? Are there opportunities such as assistantships, fellowships or internships available? What are the deadlines to apply to these opportunities?
• Are there any scholarships or internships available?

Like our blog? Write for us ! >>

Have a question ask our admissions experts below and we'll answer your questions.

Helen Bradley

I have applied to a PhD program that is new and the only one in the U.S. It is a PhD in palliative care at the University of Maryland, Baltimore. What would be appropriate questions to ask about the program since this is new to all?

BeMo Academic Consulting

Hello Helen! Thanks for your question. You can ask your interviewers about the mission and goals of this new program. What is the vision? Where do they want the program to advance? You can also ask how they ended up being a part of this new program. This can spark a friendly and open conversation about their interests and background. Check out our blog about the kind of questions you can ask interviewers (https://bemoacademicconsulting.com/blog/when-the-tables-turn-15-sample-questions-to-ask-your-interviewer-in-a-med-school-interview). Though they are aimed for medical school interview, you can modify these to fit your needs. Hope this helps!

Helen, you are the winner of our weekly draw. Please email us by the end of the day tomorrow (July 31) at content[at]bemoacademicconsulting.com from the same email address you used to leave your comment to claim your prize!

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Top 25 Researcher Interview Questions and Answers in 2024

Editorial Team

Researchers examine trends and acquire, locate, and interpret data. In addition, certain researchers conduct experiments and do data analysis. They work in various sectors, including academics, science, medical, and finance, and their daily routines vary according to their research aims. Researchers consult the internet, newspapers, books, and journal articles or conduct polls and interviews to obtain information. You may be asked about your work style during a researcher interview. Additionally, you could prepare to discuss specific tools you utilize while conducting research. The following article will assist you in becoming familiar with frequently asked interview questions.

1. What Makes You Want To Work For Our Organization In The First Place?

I’ve always admired your work as a company, and as soon as I saw this position, I knew it was the one. I was particularly interested in learning about your current research interests, including machine learning and artificial intelligence, which appeal to me particularly given my academic background. I also appreciate that your research assistants have the opportunity to work on a variety of projects, which I believe is an excellent opportunity for career development. After carefully reading the description, I realized it would assist me in achieving my long-term career goals while also allowing me to develop valuable skills. I am confident that I will gain valuable knowledge while becoming a valuable asset to the company.

2. What Qualifications Do You Possess That Make You The Ideal Candidate For This Position?

 After more than four years in this profession, I’ve developed the necessary abilities to take on a new challenge in my career. I possess superior writing and oral communication skills , critical components of any research team, and extensive expertise in gathering, processing, and evaluating data. Additionally, I possess a superior understanding of [a particular software package] specified as necessary for this employment. Finally, I am a self-starter willing to learn as much as possible and always go the additional mile. As you can see from my CV, my talents and experience qualify me as an ideal candidate for this role, and I am confident that I could contribute significantly to your team.

3. Describe What Multi-Stage Sampling Is.

Multi-stage sampling involves sampling in two or more steps. First, the population comprises second stage units and so on. Each stage’s sample unit is a cluster of the previous stage’s sampling units. Then, a sample of the second-stage sampling units is drawn from each selected first-stage sampling unit to the last sampling unit or population element, and the process repeats. At each level, a random sampling approach is used. It is appropriate when the population is dispersed geographically, and no sampling frame or list is available. It is also handy when time and money are restricted.

4. How Do You Ensure That You Make The Fewest Possible Errors In The Workplace While You Go About Your Everyday Routine?

I enjoy creating lists. That is how I ensure that nothing goes unnoticed. I begin each day by creating a list of the day’s objectives. Then, I verify each item in the list twice. After each day, I create a new list of objects that have been sorted and those that require attention. I make a point of sharing this list with my coworkers so that we can all create priorities and concentrate on the tasks at hand for the day or week.

5. What Do You Want To Get Out Of This Experience?

I hope to strengthen my research abilities, broaden my knowledge, and develop valuable connections throughout my time here. I feel that, based on my passion and experience and my talents and abilities, I can make an important contribution to your research team. The ability to lead research teams is something I hope to achieve in the future, and this role will assist me in that endeavor.

6. Have You Ever Disagreed With A Coworker? How Did You Deal With It?

I used to be part of a research team examining the cognitive decline in the elderly. Because the study was conducted at a famous private clinic, I noted that many participants had advanced degrees, which reduces the risk of cognitive impairment. As a researcher, I suggested changing the eligibility criteria to eliminate bias. Another team member advocated that we should adapt our method rather than use stricter criteria to collect enough data. Our primary investigator confirmed my finding but concurred with my colleague. I appreciated their consideration and agreed to follow the team’s lead.

7. How Would You Describe The Critical Concepts In Research Design?

A research design is a systematic and logical plan for conducting a research investigation. It defines the study’s objectives, methods, and techniques for accomplishing those objectives. It serves as the blueprint for the plan’s general scheme or research program. A research design is a method by which an investigator collects, analyzes, and interprets data. It establishes a systematic procedure for the researcher to follow. According to Celtic, Jahoda, Deutsch, and Cook, “a research design is the creation of conditions for data collection and analysis so that they balance relevance to the study purpose with procedural efficiency.”

8. What Are The Research Characteristics?

Research is the process of gathering, analyzing, and interpreting data to find answers.

However, for a method to qualify as research, it must exhibit certain characteristics: it must be as controlled as feasible, rigorous, systematic, valid and verifiable, empirical, and critical.

9. Identify A Strategy And Mindset That Are Needed For This Job.

Numerous strategies are used in this job. However, I’ve discovered that using peer-reviewed articles in research papers is critical. It guarantees that you will work with accurate and properly cited information, critical for any research scientist. When it comes to the right mindset, one must be open-minded and receptive to new information, willing to learn new techniques, and value teamwork because they will be required to work in teams.

10. As A Researcher, How Do You Keep Yourself Motivated?

My enthusiasm for research, I feel, has kept me going this far by providing me with much-needed inspiration. I enjoy learning new facts about various areas as a result of my curiosity. My drive to learn and acquire new information is also a significant motivator. We live in an information age, and information leads to knowledge, and knowledge, as the adage goes, is power. I also enjoy collaborating with diverse teams and gaining knowledge from their members. I believe that any information someone obtains should be shared with others, especially if it has the potential to improve people’s lives favorably.

11. Why Should A Manager Understand Research When Their Job Requires Them To Manage People, Products, Events, And Environments?

As I said, research is the pursuit of facts, answers to questions, and solutions to problems. It is a targeted investigation. It seeks explanations for inexplicable phenomena to clarify dubious facts and dispel misperceptions. Research is an organized and systematic inquiry or research that elicits data to resolve a problem or determine the resolution of a difficult issue.

12. What Are Some Of The Qualities That A Researcher Must Possess To Succeed?

Researchers should be curious and eager to learn more about their areas of specialization. Without methodologies and tools, research is impossible. As a result, it should be advantageous for a researcher to be familiar with these instruments. Additionally, they should possess leadership abilities to foster a productive and enthusiastic work environment. Additionally, competent researchers must be efficient with their time. They will be required to perform additional work in a short period due to time constraints. Finally, if people refuse to cooperate in providing accurate data, the researcher should not be discouraged and should face the obstacles. Additionally, open-mindedness, analytical abilities, and the capacity to operate in a team setting are desirable characteristics.

13. What Are The Responsibilities And Roles Of A Researcher?

They find study areas that can help advance knowledge in a certain subject and financial sources and then write research proposals and submit grant applications to those sources. They have a task to complete. Interpreting the outcomes of data analysis and drawing deductions and conclusions, as well as presenting the findings to the committee

Aside from that, they use the outcomes of their study to publish reports, papers, and reviews and present their findings in journals and conferences. Finally, they collaborate with research teams, industry stakeholders, and government organizations to achieve their goals.

14. What Is The Meaning Of Double-Blind?

When a study employs a “double-blind” approach, neither the participants nor the researchers are aware of their assigned condition. For instance, a researcher may wish to determine if it is the sugar in chocolate or simply the notion that eating chocolate makes people happy, enhancing a person’s mood. One technique to accomplish this is to conduct a double-blind study. Participants are given either regular chocolate or sugar-free chocolate, and neither the researchers nor the participants know which chocolate was given.

15. Give An Example Of A Challenge You Encountered In A Previous Role And How You Overcame It.

During my previous employment as a research team member, the lead researcher experienced a personal crisis and abruptly quit the project. I was asked to take over and saw myself delegating duties and managing a team for the first time. I sought counsel from an old mentor and attended a leadership and team management conference. Even though I was unprepared, I recognized the critical nature of my commitment during that trying time and was eventually able to complete the job effectively. Naturally, I could not have done it without the support of the entire crew. As a leader, I was receptive to their ideas and suggestions to develop a novel strategy. As a result, we were all aware of the situation and collaborated to achieve achievement.

16. What Is The Definition Of Research Methodology?

When it comes to conducting research, research methodology is a collective phrase that refers to the structured process. It is common to find a variety of methods being utilized in various sorts of research, and the phrase is commonly understood to contain the following elements: study design, data collection, and data analysis. There are two major categories of research methodology: quantitative and qualitative. 

17. As A Researcher, What Do You Think Your Main Strengths And Weaknesses Are?

I am a team player that is outgoing and enjoys interacting with others. I am a quick learner who is also extremely motivated. I have excellent analytical and organizational abilities, and I am accustomed to working under time constraints. At the same time, I have difficulty dealing with negative criticism, which is why I value open communication and the ability to voice my concerns. Even though I possess a high level of computer literacy, I have no prior experience dealing with (a certain program). On the other hand, I am familiar with (its competitor).

18. How Can I Assess Product Demand After Price, Feature, Or Distribution Channel Changes?

Research’s simulation software can evaluate and answer “what if?” questions. In the simulator example, the software will automatically reveal the price share of your company’s product versus all competitors. The simulation software is based on a choice modeling survey.

Using simulation software, we can see how a product change affects market share and which competitors lose market share. It is quite useful in predicting competitor responses.

19. Mention A Potential Challenge You Anticipate Yourself Facing In This Position.

Our daily activities include challenges; they are designed to strengthen us, not depress us. Having worked in this industry for some time, I’ve noticed that most difficulties are cross-cutting. I’ve dealt with them throughout my career, continually devising new solutions or refining existing ones. As a result, I feel that I will overcome any obstacles that arise in this position with your assistance and that of my teammates.

20. What Is An Experimentative Research Methodology?

The experimental technique entails altering one variable to ascertain whether this results in changes in another. This method uses controlled research techniques, random assignment of study volunteers, and variable modification to test a hypothesis.

21. Has Your Patience Ever Been Put To The Test? How Did You Handle That Situation?

My patience has been put to the Test primarily in group settings. When we have a lot of work to perform, we divide it into manageable chunks and assign each person a task. However, certain individuals frequently miss assigned deadlines, irritating the entire team. I make every effort to keep my composure and encourage them to complete the task at hand during such moments. If they are still unable to do so, the work is allocated to another team member.

22. How Do I Carry Out A Q Study?

The Q sorting technique is comprised of the following core steps. First, the concourse is scoured for a diverse selection of objects (dubbed a Q sample). A group of respondents (P set) is told to rank-order (Q sort) the Q sample along a standardized continuum in response to a specific instruction condition. Participants do so based on their preferences and dislikes and their own ‘psychological significance. Finally, correlation and factor analysis are performed on the obtained Q sorts. The results as interpreted are factors of ‘operant subjectivity.

23. When Is It Appropriate To Use A Qualitative Research Methodology?

A qualitative research study is appropriate when you need to gain insight into the customer’s heart and thoughts. Qualitative research is a highly subjective research field that is purpose-built to look “beyond the percentages” to acquire an understanding of the customer’s feelings, impressions, and perspectives. Qualitative research is the only way to collect intuitive, highly subjective personal information.

24. What Considerations Must I Make When Conducting Observational Research?

Be “invisible” and avoid getting entangled in the incident.

Use all of your senses, not just sight. Jot down any olfactory cue (if applicable). Note your thoughts and feelings. Your mood when viewing What emotions did you feel? Relate your emotions to what you saw. Record the situation’s context: location, time, participants, numbers, gender, etc. Notate your thoughts as you observed. Did it remind you of anything? Have you had a similar experience? What do you think they were thinking while you were watching? Keep a notebook of your observations. If necessary, use acronyms.

25. What Is The Observational Method Of Research And How Does It Work?

A naturalistic observational study is defined as research in which the observer does not intervene. Instead, the researcher remains completely inconspicuous and makes every effort not to interfere with the natural dynamics of the situation under investigation.

Interviews with researchers are unlike any other type of job interview. Candidates must submit extensive responses that include relevant examples from their professional experiences and demonstrate that they match the job description’s requirements. Maintaining a pleasant mood throughout the interview will be critical in determining if you should advance to the next stage of the employment process. You can boost your confidence and sound more comfortable and assertive by pre-planning your responses. Hopefully, this post gave you some useful insight on how to ace your next interview!

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PhD Interview Questions and Answers (13 Questions + Answers)

Most PhD applications include an interview. This allows your university (and perhaps even your prospective supervisor) to discuss the PhD with you in more detail.

This article lists some of the most common PhD interview questions along with their answers. The goal is to help you prepare for a PhD interview and pass with flying colors.

1) How did you develop this proposal?

When responding to this question, demonstrate your thought process, research skills, and the evolution of your ideas. Let's choose the subject of "Renewable Energy Integration in Urban Planning" as an example.

Sample answer:

"My proposal on 'Renewable Energy Integration in Urban Planning' originated from my undergraduate thesis on sustainable cities. Intrigued by the potential of renewable energy in urban environments, I conducted a literature review to identify gaps in current research. This review highlighted a lack of comprehensive strategies for integrating renewable technologies at a city-wide level. I then consulted with experts in urban planning and renewable energy, which provided practical insights into the challenges and opportunities in this field. I designed a methodology that combines spatial analysis with energy modeling to explore optimal renewable energy integration in urban landscapes. This proposal represents an amalgamation of academic research, expert consultation, and innovative methodology development."

This answer is effective because it mentions a literature review demonstrates the ability to conduct thorough research and identify gaps in existing knowledge.

2) Why do you wish to pursue a PhD?

For this question, it's important to articulate your passion for the subject, your long-term career goals, and how the PhD program aligns with these aspects.

Let's choose the subject of "Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare" for this example.

"I am passionate about leveraging technology to improve healthcare outcomes, and pursuing a PhD in Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare aligns perfectly with this passion. During my Master's, I was fascinated by the potential of AI to revolutionize diagnostic processes and personalized medicine. I believe a PhD will provide me with the deep technical knowledge and research skills necessary to contribute significantly to this field. My goal is to develop AI systems that enhance medical diagnostics, ultimately improving patient care and treatment efficiency. This PhD program, known for its pioneering research in AI and strong healthcare collaborations, is the ideal environment for me to develop these innovations and achieve my career aspirations in healthcare technology."

This is a great answer because you clearly state that the PhD will provide the necessary skills and knowledge, indicating a clear understanding of the purpose of the program.

3) Why do you think you are the right candidate for this PhD program?

Discuss how your research interests align with the program's strengths and the faculty's expertise. Explain how the program's resources, courses, and research opportunities can help you achieve your academic and career goals.

"I am deeply passionate about environmental science, particularly in the area of sustainable urban development. This passion was ignited during my master's program in Environmental Studies at XYZ University, where I completed a thesis on urban green spaces and their impact on city microclimates. This research not only honed my skills in data analysis and GIS mapping but also highlighted the importance of interdisciplinary approaches to environmental issues. I am drawn to your PhD program at ABC University because of its innovative research on sustainable urban planning and the renowned work of Professor Jane Smith in this field. Her research aligns with my interest in integrating green infrastructure into urban planning to mitigate climate change effects. My perseverance, attention to detail, and ability to synthesize complex data make me an ideal candidate for this challenging program. Pursuing this PhD is integral to my goal of becoming an environmental consultant, where I plan to develop strategies for cities to reduce their environmental footprint."

This response is effective because it mentions particular aspects of your experience and the program, avoiding generic statements. It also outlines how the PhD fits into your career path.

4) What do you plan to do after you have completed your PhD?

Be specific about the type of career you aspire to, whether it's in academia, industry, research, etc. Explain how the PhD will equip you with the skills and knowledge for your chosen career path.

"After completing my PhD in Computational Neuroscience, I plan to pursue a career in academia as a university professor. My doctoral research on neural network modeling will provide a strong foundation for teaching and conducting further research in this area. I aim to develop innovative courses that bridge computer science and neuroscience, addressing the growing demand for interdisciplinary knowledge in these fields. Additionally, I intend to continue my research on applying machine learning techniques to understand brain function, which has potential implications for developing new treatments for neurological disorders. This academic pathway allows me to contribute significantly to both education and research in Computational Neuroscience."

This is a great answer because it connects the PhD research directly to future career plans.

It also articulates how your work can impact both academia and the broader field of Computational Neuroscience.

5) Why have you chosen this specific PhD program?

Mention specific aspects of the program that attracted you, such as the curriculum, research facilities, faculty expertise, or reputation.

Explain how the program aligns with your research interests or academic background.

"I chose the PhD program in Artificial Intelligence at MIT because of its cutting-edge research and interdisciplinary approach, which perfectly aligns with my academic background in computer science and my passion for machine learning. The program's emphasis on both theoretical foundations and practical applications in AI is particularly appealing. Additionally, the opportunity to work under the guidance of Professor [Name], whose work in [specific area, e.g., neural networks or AI ethics] has deeply influenced my own research interests, is a significant draw. This program is an ideal fit for me to further develop my skills and contribute to the field of AI, ultimately aiming for a career in AI research and development in the tech industry."

This answer connects your background and goals to the program's offerings.

Including a specific professor's name shows detailed knowledge about the program and faculty.

6) What impact would you like your PhD project to have?

When answering this question, convey both the academic significance and the potential real-world applications of your research. Let's choose a project focused on developing eco-friendly battery technologies for electric vehicles for this example.

"My PhD project aims to develop new eco-friendly battery technologies for electric vehicles (EVs), addressing both the environmental impact of battery production and the efficiency of energy storage. I hope my research will contribute to the academic field by advancing our understanding of sustainable materials for energy storage, potentially leading to publications and patents. Beyond academia, I envision this project significantly impacting the EV industry by providing a more sustainable and efficient battery alternative. This innovation could play a crucial role in reducing the carbon footprint of transportation and supporting global efforts towards a greener future. Ultimately, I aspire for my work to not only advance scientific knowledge but also drive real-world changes in how we approach energy sustainability in transportation."

This is an excellent answer because it connects the project to larger environmental goals and societal benefits. It also reflects a forward-thinking approach, demonstrating your understanding of the project's potential long-term implications.

7) What difficulties would you expect to encounter during this project?

It's important to demonstrate awareness of potential challenges and convey a proactive mindset toward problem-solving. Let's choose a project focused on the development of a novel AI-driven diagnostic tool for early detection of neurological diseases for this example.

"In developing an AI-driven diagnostic tool for early detection of neurological diseases, I anticipate several challenges. Firstly, the accuracy and reliability of the tool depend heavily on the quality and diversity of the data used for training the AI algorithms. Obtaining a comprehensive dataset that adequately represents the population can be difficult due to privacy concerns and data availability. Secondly, ensuring the AI model's interpretability to be clinically useful while maintaining high performance is another challenge, given the complexity of neurological diseases. To address these, I plan to collaborate with interdisciplinary teams, including data privacy experts and neurologists, to source and utilize data ethically and effectively. I also intend to continuously refine the AI model, focusing on both its predictive accuracy and clinical applicability. These challenges, while significant, present valuable opportunities for innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration."

This response is effective because it clearly outlines realistic challenges specific to the AI diagnostic tool project. It also presents a proactive approach to overcoming these challenges, showing problem-solving skills.

8) How will you fund this project?

When answering this question, show that you've thought about the financial aspects of your research and are aware of funding sources that are available and applicable to your project. 

"I have identified multiple funding sources to support my renewable energy research project at Stanford University. Firstly, I plan to apply for the DOE Office of Science Graduate Student Research (SCGSR) Program, which offers substantial support for projects focusing on sustainable energy. My proposal for this grant is already in progress, highlighting how my project aligns with the DOE's priorities in advancing clean energy technologies. Additionally, I'm exploring departmental fellowships at Stanford, particularly those aimed at renewable energy research. I am also keen on establishing industry partnerships, given the project's relevance to current energy challenges and the potential for collaborative funding and technological exchange. Last but not least, I will seek conference grants to present my research findings, which can lead to further academic collaborations and additional funding opportunities."

Notice how this answer mentions funding sources that align with the renewable energy focus of the project and the resources available at Stanford University.

9) Tell us about a time you experienced a setback

Focus on a situation relevant to your academic or research experience. Let's use a real-world example where a research experiment failed due to unexpected variables.

"During my Master’s thesis on the effects of soil composition on plant growth, I faced a major setback. My initial experiments, which involved growing plants in different soil types, failed to produce consistent results due to unanticipated environmental variations in the greenhouse. This was disheartening, especially as the deadline approached. However, I responded by reassessing my experimental setup. I consulted with my supervisor and decided to control more variables, such as humidity and temperature. I also refined my data collection methods to include more frequent soil and plant measurements. These adjustments led to more reliable results, and I successfully completed my thesis. This experience taught me the importance of adaptability in research and reinforced the value of meticulous experimental design."

This is a great answer because it shows how you’ve encountered and overcame a specific problem, demonstrating resilience and adaptability.

10) What are your strengths and weaknesses?

When answering this question, it's important to present a balanced view of yourself, showing self-awareness and a commitment to personal development. Choose strengths that are relevant to a PhD program and weaknesses that you're actively working to improve.

"One of my key strengths is my analytical thinking, which I demonstrated during my Master's project where I developed a novel algorithm for data analysis. This required me to not only understand complex theories but also apply them creatively to solve real-world problems. As for weaknesses, I sometimes struggle with overcommitment, taking on too many projects at once. This occasionally led to stress during my undergraduate studies. However, I am actively working on this by improving my time management skills and learning to prioritize tasks more effectively. I've started using project management tools and setting clear boundaries, which has already shown improvements in my workflow and stress levels."

This answer maintains a good balance between strengths and weaknesses. It also shows self-awareness, demonstrating a proactive approach to personal development.

11) Why have you chosen to study for a PhD at this university?

Mention specific aspects of the PhD program that attracted you. Explain how your research interests align with the work being done at the university.

"I am drawn to the PhD program in Astrophysics at Caltech due to its outstanding reputation in space research and the unparalleled resources available at the Owens Valley Radio Observatory. My research interest lies in the study of exoplanets, and Caltech's active projects in this area, such as the Zwicky Transient Facility, align perfectly with my academic goals. The opportunity to work under the guidance of Professor [Name], known for pioneering work in exoplanetary atmospheres, is particularly exciting. Additionally, Caltech's collaborative environment and emphasis on interdisciplinary research are conducive to my professional growth, providing a platform to engage with experts from various fields in astrophysics."

This response directly connects your research interests with ongoing projects and facilities at Caltech. It also shows you’ve done your research on faculty members and their work.

12) What can you bring to this research group?

Focus on your unique skills, experiences, and perspectives that will contribute to the research group's success. Let's choose the field of Biomedical Engineering at Johns Hopkins University for this example.

"As a prospective member of the Biomedical Engineering research group at Johns Hopkins University, I bring a unique combination of skills and experiences. My expertise in microfluidics, honed during my Master’s research, aligns well with the group’s focus on developing lab-on-a-chip devices for medical diagnostics. I have also co-authored two papers in this field, demonstrating my ability to contribute to high-impact research. Additionally, my experience in a start-up environment, where I worked on developing portable diagnostic tools, has equipped me with a practical understanding of translating research into applications. I thrive in collaborative settings, often bringing interdisciplinary insights that foster innovative problem-solving. I am excited about the prospect of contributing to the group’s ongoing projects and introducing fresh perspectives to advance our understanding and application of biomedical technology."

This response shows your relevant expertise, ability to work in a team, and the unique perspectives you can offer, positioning you as a valuable addition to the research group.

13) Do you have any questions for us?

Asking good questions demonstrates your motivation. It also shows that you’ve given some genuine consideration to the project and/or program you’re applying to.

Some questions you can ask the interviewer include:

• What will the supervision arrangements be for the project?
• What kind of training and skills sessions are offered as part of the PhD program?
• How many other PhD students has this supervisor seen to completion?
• Are there any major developments or partnerships planned for the department?
• Are there likely to be any changes to the funding arrangements for the project?
• What opportunities will I have for presenting my research?

Remember: you’re a good student, with lots of potential. You’re considering at least three years of hard work with this university. You need to know that you’ll get on with your supervisor, that your work will be appreciated and that there are good prospects for your project.

What to wear to a PhD interview

Wear formal attire for a PhD interview. Your best bet is to wear a suit. A navy blue suit is the best and most versatile option. No matter your gender, a suit is always very professional.

For men, wear a suit with a tie, dress shirt, and dress shoes. For women, wear a suit (pantsuit or skirt suit) with a blouse, or conservative dress, and closed-toe shoes.

When in doubt, it’s better to be slightly overdressed than underdressed. The goal is to make a professional impression and feel confident, without your attire distracting from the conversation.

What to expect from a PhD interview

At its core, a PhD interview will consist of questions that allow your potential supervisors to get to know you better and have an understanding of what you’d like to study, why you’ve chosen your field of study, and whether you’d be a good fit for the PhD program.

You should expect general questions to help the interviewer get a sense of your likes and dislikes, and your overall personality.

Next, expect questions about your personal motivations for studying a PhD. Your interviewer will also be interested in any relevant experience you have to qualify you to study this PhD.

In the next section, expect questions about your PhD project. You should be prepared to discuss your project idea in detail and demonstrate to the interviewer that you are the ideal candidate.

Last but not least, the interviewer will discuss your future ambitions and give you an opportunity to ask questions. Remember that this interview goes both ways.

It’s important to ask the interviewer relevant questions to show your engagement and the serious consideration you are giving their program.

You are preparing to spend several years of your life at this school. Think about what is important to you and what would make or break your decision to attend this university.

Prepare a list of questions ahead of the interview.

Understanding the interviewer’s point of view

During a PhD interview, interviewers are typically looking for a range of traits that indicate whether you are well-suited for the rigors of a doctoral program and a research career.

These traits include:

Intellectual Curiosity and Passion: A strong enthusiasm for the subject area and a desire to contribute to and expand knowledge in the field.

Research Skills and Experience: Demonstrable skills in conducting research, including designing experiments, collecting and analyzing data, and interpreting results. Prior research experience relevant to the PhD topic is often a plus.

Resilience and Perseverance: The capacity to handle setbacks and challenges, which are common in research, and to persist in the face of difficulties.

Collaboration and Teamwork: Although PhD research can be quite independent, the ability to work well with others, including advisors, faculty, and other students, is crucial.

Self-Motivation and Independence: The drive to work independently, manage one's own project, and stay motivated over the long term.

Fit with the Program: Alignment of the candidate’s research interests and goals with the strengths and focus of the PhD program and faculty.

These traits not only indicate your readiness for a PhD program but also your potential to contribute meaningfully to their field of study and succeed in a research-oriented career.

Related posts:

• University Interview Questions (16 Questions + Answers)
• Project Manager Interview Questions (14 Specific Questions + Answers)
• Strength-Based Interview Questions (21 Questions + Answers)
• Engineering Interview Questions (15 Questions + Answers)
• Business Analyst Interview Questions (17 Questions + Answers)

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Successful Interviews

Many research advisors will ask you to interview with either them, their group or both before formally inviting you to join their lab.  For a successful interview, keep the following in mind:

• Arrive on time
• Be prepared to present the best side of yourself–you do not need to necessarily dress-up, but make sure you look like you really want the position (i.e. Do not wear pajama pants to the interview!)
• Show your enthusiasm for the research opportunity
• Review the website for the research group,  including taking time to read a couple of their recently published papers.  They won’t expect you to understand everything on their website/papers, but it is important that you have at least a basic level of understanding of what their research group does.
• Be prepared to answer typical interview questions such as why you want to do research with their group, what you hope to gain from conducting undergraduate research, how many hours you plan to commit to research per week, how many semesters you plan to stay in the lab, what you plan to do after you graduate and what made you interested in their group.
• Have a couple questions in mind that you would like to ask regarding the research of the group.
• Consider asking about the expectations of undergraduate researchers in the group (time commitment, number of research credits you need to enroll in, type of work, level of independence, etc.) and who your direct mentor will be (professor, post-doc, graduate student, etc.).
• It is also advisable to bring a copy of your unofficial transcripts and your resume , if you haven’t already submitted one.
• For additional interviewing tips, please also check-out Successworks’ suggestions

Latest information about COVID-19

Interviewing and Talking with Prospective Faculty

The graduate application process varies broadly and depends on your specific academic program.

The variations might include:

• Admission decision based only on an online application
• In the cases where you are admitted to work with a specific faculty member, you should contact faculty directly
• A short list of applicants are invited for an on-campus interview trip
• Applicants are admitted first, and then invited for an on-campus recruiting trip

Because of the range of possible application processes, it’s critical to learn about each program's requirements. For some graduate programs, you will need to directly contact faculty because a specific professor will decide whether to admit you as their own graduate student. In these circumstances, make sure to contact the faculty directly. (When contacting faculty for the first time, see the side box below for suggestions.)

It will be important in your decision-making process to determine if you envision working closely with that faculty member and if you have complementary working and communication styles. The faculty member will also want to assess your experiences and how you work by communicating with you. Thus you will want to sharpen your interview skills as you communicate with faculty.

Some graduate programs will invite you to conduct a phone interview or invite you to the university for a campus visit (common in the biosciences). The interview is your opportunity to more thoroughly demonstrate that you have what it takes to be in the graduate program. You will want to show your understanding and enthusiasm for the research that you have done. Some suggestions to prepare for the interview are provided below.

My advice to the next generation of scholars is to never be afraid to ask for help. At times it may seem like brilliance is a singular, herculean effort, but a lot of great ideas have been shaped and molded from the minds of many. Whether it’s your advisors or peers, we’re all here to help. Never be afraid to acknowledge that you don’t fully understand something—collaboration is encouraged and celebrated.

— Bryen Irving, PhD candidate in Physics

1. Before the interview

• For campus visits, it’s OK to ask what is expected of you and how to prepare (e.g., if your travel expenses will be covered, how to dress, if you should bring your CV, etc.).
• Learn about the faculty and people you will be meeting or communicating with. Read about the research interests of the faculty, including abstracts or papers. Prepare at least 1-2 specific research questions for each interview.
• Review the research that you conducted. If it was published or presented at a conference, reread the paper, abstract, or poster. Prepare a brief (1-2 minutes) oral summary of your past work. What was the research question? How did you address it? What did you specifically complete and achieve? What are some possible questions that faculty might ask?
• Prepare detailed questions you have of the program you are considering. Generic questions (e.g., tell me about your program) indicate that you didn’t read the basics on their website, and so won’t leave a positive impression. Determine what’s important for you (specific research facilities, professional development activities, student groups, opportunities for collaborations, etc.) and research them online.
• Determine and list the questions you have about the program, university, and location of where you are visiting. What are you hoping to see and learn?
• Ask a peer or friend (e.g. a current grad student or postdoc who is familiar with grad school interviews) to help you sharpen your interview skills.
• Come prepared to the mock interview in professional attire and with your materials (CV, papers, etc.).
• If possible, video record your mock interview. Although many cringe at watching themselves, the video can be incredibly helpful in revealing blind spots.
• If your interview will be conducted via Skype or another video platform, some helpful tips are provided in this YouTube video .
• After the mock interview, ask your peer for honest and critical feedback. Listen actively without being defensive and allow your peer to speak openly, which will help you improve.

2. During the interview

• For campus visits, dress appropriately (usually business casual, but be comfortable); be on time; organize your papers (e.g., résumés/CVs, slides or images, questions).
• Even for phone/Skype interviews, dressing professionally will help you to mentally prepare for the interview.
• Speak enthusiastically about your work. Highlight your research accomplishments and/or professional growth. If asked to speak about a weakness, phrase your answer in a forward-looking manner to demonstrate learning and growth, and awareness of your weaknesses.
• You’ll want to sound positive and enthusiastic. But avoid excessive enthusiasm, which could be interpreted as naiveté or desperation. This is a tough balance to achieve, so practice with others.
• Listen actively to your faculty interviewers as they talk about their research.
• Ask questions, using your prepared lists. Take notes to remember comments and suggestions.

3. After the interview

• Summarize your perceptions of the program, university, and environment. Make a table listing the pros and cons. List the people whom you met on your visit, and write a brief comment for each person to help you remember your interactions. Is it a good fit for you?
• Email your interviewers and thank them for their time. Follow up if you promised to provide any materials. Even if you determine that you don’t wish to work with that faculty member, this isn’t the time to burn bridges, and you might bump into them in the future.
• Reflect on your interview performance and make adjustments to strengthen your next interview.

contacting faculty for the first time

Your first contact with faculty is absolutely critical, because you don’t get second chances to make a first impression. You’ll need to craft an initial email message that will clearly communicate who you are, and why you’re reaching out to them specifically.

This can be very challenging because you’ll need to be clear and concise in a brief email message. Provided below is a sample email message with additional suggestions.

Don’t simply copy this message, but this example provides a template that can be used to customize your own initial email message.

Subject: Ecology PhD Program at Stanford

Dear Professor Peter Beak, I am currently a senior and McNair Scholar at UC Davis, and would greatly appreciate an opportunity to briefly speak with you about your research and the Ecology and Evolution PhD program at Stanford. I am seeking to pursue a PhD in Ecology, and my research advisor (Professor Emilio Laca) spoke highly about Stanford’s graduate program. I am particularly fascinated by studies on the influence of infectious diseases on population dynamics and community interactions. I have conducted similar research here at UC Davis, and also at Northwestern University using freshwater plankton, and won an oral presentation award at ABRMCS. These are further described in my attached CV. I carefully reviewed your website, and would greatly appreciate speaking with you on the phone (~15 min) to learn more about future directions of your research, particularly on developing mathematical models. I am available during these time slots. Please let me know if any of these work for you, and I’d be happy to offer more time slots if needed.

Sept 1, Wed 12-5 pm Sept 3, Fri 12-7 pm Sept 6, Mon 12-7 pm Sept 7, Tue 9-12 pm

Steve Lee McNair Scholar splee "at" ucdavis.edu (cell) 650-555-1234

• Use a brief subject line. Avoid vague subjects (e.g., “question” or “request”).
• Address them by their full name and professional title. Don’t use “Hi” or “Hey” or other informal greetings.
• In the very first sentence, quickly summarize who you are and why you’re contacting them. If a person known to the professor suggested that you reach out to them, include that info also.
• Explain why you’re contacting them specifically. Describe your highlights briefly. Attach CV and/or link to LinkedIn profile. Include other links as needed.
• State your request; be specific. Make it easy for them to say yes to your request; provide ample times when you’re available.
• Include your full name. If you’re in a graduate prep program, include info. Include your email and phone.

© Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305

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• Knowledge Base

Methodology

• Types of Interviews in Research | Guide & Examples

Types of Interviews in Research | Guide & Examples

Published on March 10, 2022 by Tegan George . Revised on June 22, 2023.

An interview is a qualitative research method that relies on asking questions in order to collect data . Interviews involve two or more people, one of whom is the interviewer asking the questions.

There are several types of interviews, often differentiated by their level of structure.

• Structured interviews have predetermined questions asked in a predetermined order.
• Unstructured interviews are more free-flowing.
• Semi-structured interviews fall in between.

Interviews are commonly used in market research, social science, and ethnographic research .

Table of contents

What is a structured interview, what is a semi-structured interview, what is an unstructured interview, what is a focus group, examples of interview questions, advantages and disadvantages of interviews, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about types of interviews.

Structured interviews have predetermined questions in a set order. They are often closed-ended, featuring dichotomous (yes/no) or multiple-choice questions. While open-ended structured interviews exist, they are much less common. The types of questions asked make structured interviews a predominantly quantitative tool.

Asking set questions in a set order can help you see patterns among responses, and it allows you to easily compare responses between participants while keeping other factors constant. This can mitigate   research biases and lead to higher reliability and validity. However, structured interviews can be overly formal, as well as limited in scope and flexibility.

• You feel very comfortable with your topic. This will help you formulate your questions most effectively.
• You have limited time or resources. Structured interviews are a bit more straightforward to analyze because of their closed-ended nature, and can be a doable undertaking for an individual.
• Your research question depends on holding environmental conditions between participants constant.

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Semi-structured interviews are a blend of structured and unstructured interviews. While the interviewer has a general plan for what they want to ask, the questions do not have to follow a particular phrasing or order.

Semi-structured interviews are often open-ended, allowing for flexibility, but follow a predetermined thematic framework, giving a sense of order. For this reason, they are often considered “the best of both worlds.”

However, if the questions differ substantially between participants, it can be challenging to look for patterns, lessening the generalizability and validity of your results.

• You have prior interview experience. It’s easier than you think to accidentally ask a leading question when coming up with questions on the fly. Overall, spontaneous questions are much more difficult than they may seem.
• Your research question is exploratory in nature. The answers you receive can help guide your future research.

An unstructured interview is the most flexible type of interview. The questions and the order in which they are asked are not set. Instead, the interview can proceed more spontaneously, based on the participant’s previous answers.

Unstructured interviews are by definition open-ended. This flexibility can help you gather detailed information on your topic, while still allowing you to observe patterns between participants.

However, so much flexibility means that they can be very challenging to conduct properly. You must be very careful not to ask leading questions, as biased responses can lead to lower reliability or even invalidate your research.

• You have a solid background in your research topic and have conducted interviews before.
• Your research question is exploratory in nature, and you are seeking descriptive data that will deepen and contextualize your initial hypotheses.
• Your research necessitates forming a deeper connection with your participants, encouraging them to feel comfortable revealing their true opinions and emotions.

A focus group brings together a group of participants to answer questions on a topic of interest in a moderated setting. Focus groups are qualitative in nature and often study the group’s dynamic and body language in addition to their answers. Responses can guide future research on consumer products and services, human behavior, or controversial topics.

Focus groups can provide more nuanced and unfiltered feedback than individual interviews and are easier to organize than experiments or large surveys . However, their small size leads to low external validity and the temptation as a researcher to “cherry-pick” responses that fit your hypotheses.

• Your research focuses on the dynamics of group discussion or real-time responses to your topic.
• Your questions are complex and rooted in feelings, opinions, and perceptions that cannot be answered with a “yes” or “no.”
• Your topic is exploratory in nature, and you are seeking information that will help you uncover new questions or future research ideas.

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Depending on the type of interview you are conducting, your questions will differ in style, phrasing, and intention. Structured interview questions are set and precise, while the other types of interviews allow for more open-endedness and flexibility.

Here are some examples.

• Semi-structured
• Unstructured
• Focus group
• Do you like dogs? Yes/No
• Do you associate dogs with feeling: happy; somewhat happy; neutral; somewhat unhappy; unhappy
• If yes, name one attribute of dogs that you like.
• If no, name one attribute of dogs that you don’t like.
• What feelings do dogs bring out in you?
• When you think more deeply about this, what experiences would you say your feelings are rooted in?

Interviews are a great research tool. They allow you to gather rich information and draw more detailed conclusions than other research methods, taking into consideration nonverbal cues, off-the-cuff reactions, and emotional responses.

However, they can also be time-consuming and deceptively challenging to conduct properly. Smaller sample sizes can cause their validity and reliability to suffer, and there is an inherent risk of interviewer effect arising from accidentally leading questions.

Here are some advantages and disadvantages of each type of interview that can help you decide if you’d like to utilize this research method.

If you want to know more about statistics , methodology , or research bias , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

• Student’s  t -distribution
• Normal distribution
• Null and Alternative Hypotheses
• Chi square tests
• Confidence interval
• Quartiles & Quantiles
• Cluster sampling
• Stratified sampling
• Data cleansing
• Reproducibility vs Replicability
• Peer review
• Prospective cohort study

Research bias

• Implicit bias
• Cognitive bias
• Placebo effect
• Hawthorne effect
• Hindsight bias
• Affect heuristic
• Social desirability bias

The four most common types of interviews are:

• Structured interviews : The questions are predetermined in both topic and order. 
• Semi-structured interviews : A few questions are predetermined, but other questions aren’t planned.
• Unstructured interviews : None of the questions are predetermined.
• Focus group interviews : The questions are presented to a group instead of one individual.

The interviewer effect is a type of bias that emerges when a characteristic of an interviewer (race, age, gender identity, etc.) influences the responses given by the interviewee.

There is a risk of an interviewer effect in all types of interviews , but it can be mitigated by writing really high-quality interview questions.

Social desirability bias is the tendency for interview participants to give responses that will be viewed favorably by the interviewer or other participants. It occurs in all types of interviews and surveys , but is most common in semi-structured interviews , unstructured interviews , and focus groups .

Social desirability bias can be mitigated by ensuring participants feel at ease and comfortable sharing their views. Make sure to pay attention to your own body language and any physical or verbal cues, such as nodding or widening your eyes.

This type of bias can also occur in observations if the participants know they’re being observed. They might alter their behavior accordingly.

A focus group is a research method that brings together a small group of people to answer questions in a moderated setting. The group is chosen due to predefined demographic traits, and the questions are designed to shed light on a topic of interest. It is one of 4 types of interviews .

Quantitative research deals with numbers and statistics, while qualitative research deals with words and meanings.

Quantitative methods allow you to systematically measure variables and test hypotheses . Qualitative methods allow you to explore concepts and experiences in more detail.

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by Nikki Carter The Muse

Nervous about your upcoming data scientist interview? Get insights about preparing and acing the interview in this article .

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10 questions to ask an employer when interviewing for an internship

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10 questions to ask an employer when interviewing for an internship was originally published on College Recruiter .

One of the biggest mistakes that college and university students and recent graduates and others early in their careers make when trying to land an internship is to be too passive during the interview process. A good recruiter or hiring manager, and most are, want you to ask questions. Asking questions demonstrates inquisitiveness and critical thinking skills, both of which are valued by the vast majority of employers.

When you’re interviewing for an internship, be sure to gather as much information as possible to ensure the role aligns with your career goals, learning objectives, and personal values. Here are ten:

• This question helps you understand what your routine might look like and the tasks you’ll be expected to perform.
• Learning about development opportunities can give you insight into how much the company invests in its interns’ growth.
• Knowing about the team’s dynamics and structure can help you assess how well you’ll fit into the company culture.
• Understanding a company’s values is crucial for determining if you’ll feel aligned and motivated by its mission and way of operating.
• This question provides a glimpse into the level of responsibility and type of work interns are given, indicating how much you might learn and contribute.
• Getting clarity on evaluation criteria can help you understand what’s expected of you and how to excel in your role.
• If you’re hoping your internship could lead to a longer-term opportunity, it’s important to understand the company’s track record and any potential pathways.
• Regular feedback is essential for your professional development, so knowing how and when feedback is provided can be a deciding factor.
• The company culture encompasses the work environment, ethics, and the social aspect of work life. Understanding this can help you determine if you’ll enjoy and thrive in your internship.
• This question can give you insight into the company’s problem-solving strategies and resilience, important factors in choosing a stable and learning-rich environment.

Asking these questions during your interview process will not only demonstrate your enthusiasm and proactive nature but also provide you with a clearer picture of what to expect and whether the internship aligns with your career aspirations and values.

I interned at JPMorgan and then moved up the ranks. Here's how I nailed the interview and landed my full-time offer.

• Alexis Taub worked at JPMorgan as an intern, analyst, and associate at the start of her career.
• She says demonstrating excitement, curiosity, and helpfulness helped her land a full-time offer.
• Her advice for aspiring applicants is to build your résumé years in advance and study the company.

This as-told-to essay is based on a conversation with Alexis Taub , a former JPMorgan employee from New York City. It has been edited for length and clarity.

I was hired two years in a row for summer internships at JPMorgan . The first internship was in securities, and the second was in prime brokerage as an account manager.

I was hired full time as an analyst in prime brokerage in 2015 and was eventually promoted to associate. I stayed at the firm until 2018.

The application and interview process for the prime-brokerage roles was comprehensive, and there was a steep learning curve on how to assist clients. I mainly supported and learned from more-senior team members until becoming an associate, where I was the main point of contact for my assigned customers.

Here's my advice on how to navigate the interview and get hired at JPMorgan .

The internship program is one of the best ways to get a full-time position at the firm

I decided I wanted to work in finance freshman year, and I set my sights on JPMorgan , given its reputation as an industry leader with an amazing culture. Interning during my sophomore year allowed me to learn about the company, figure out the most compelling groups, and network throughout the summer.

The full-time analyst class is almost all people who were part of the internship program. It's difficult to get an analyst position without completing an internship.

I didn't have to interview for the full-time position. On the last day of the internship, everyone met with HR and was either presented with an offer letter or told they weren't offered a position.

Start building your résumé years in advance

Start as early as possible to build experience, participate in extracurriculars relevant to your desired position, and show your passions. I fundraised for breast-cancer research, was a teaching assistant for a marketing and business-analysis course, and was a peer mentor.

Related stories

Extracurriculars should be something you're genuinely interested in and should show a story over multiple years. They're discussed in the interview, and a candidate's passion for these activities comes through — especially with follow-up questions.

Research the job position and the different groups

Researching the company is essential for positions right out of college. For JPMorgan 's internship and analyst programs, you're usually placed in a large group with many different focus areas. You can have a particular interest in one, but be knowledgeable about all of them. I was drawn to prime brokerage because it's fast-paced, and I wanted to be in a client-facing role.

I interviewed with the prime-brokerage group and three other departments. If you're only familiar with one group, it will show up negatively to the other groups you talk to.

Everyone asked me the same question

The first question I was asked by all four of the people who interviewed me was " tell me about yourself ." You should be prepared with a solid answer because that will set the tone for the interview. Answers should be concise, show your passion for the position, and share a bit about yourself.

I rehearsed my answer over and over again. I showed my research on the department and positions within and shared background on my coursework and my previous internships, as well as the parts of the job that most interested me. You should mention anything that helps you stand out and shows you in a positive light, like accomplishments and grades .

In one interview, I was given a couple of brain puzzles, like how big is this room? The main objective of this question was to show how you approach a challenge, not if you know the correct answer. I counted the tiles on the ceiling and said, "Let's assume each one is one foot." While I knew they weren't one foot, I tried to choose a number that kept the math simple.

Once you land an internship, you go back for placement day

When you're granted a spot in the internship program, you go in again to find out who you'll be working with.

On placement day, each intern meets with more than 20 groups to learn about the specific roles within the larger investor services. It's then a matching game. The interns rank the groups they'd like to be in, and the groups rank the interns. I got my top group during my second year, and then my analyst offer was to that group.

The best way to get a full-time job from the internship is to demonstrate 3 traits

If you want a full-time offer at the end, show your excitement for the position, be curious, and be as helpful as possible. I was constantly asking my team what I could help with.

I couldn't have had a better job to start my career. My JPMorgan teammates spent hours each day helping me with tasks most people wouldn't want to be bothered with — whether it was strategies for organizing my inbox or proofreading my emails. I also had an incredible manager who dedicated a substantial amount of time to teaching me the nuances of prime brokerage.

I was happy with the work-life balance

The typical day was 8 to 6, and most people would leave by 6. While it could be intense during the day with clients, I was not expected to work once I left for the day and was happy with my work-life balance .

I always wanted to start my own business, so with the manageable hours, I was able to start a direct-to-consumer jewelry website, which eventually became the full-time job I have now.

There are endless career opportunities at JPMorgan . I recommend scouring the website beyond just the classic investment-banking and sales-and-trading positions to find one that aligns with your skills and interests.

Watch: Marketing leaders from Amazon, LinkedIn, Lego Group and more tell Insider what pandemic-fueled business changes are likely to stick around

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20 Common Program Specialist Interview Questions

Common Program Specialist interview questions, how to answer them, and sample answers from a certified career coach.

You’ve been invited to an interview for a program specialist role, and you’re feeling both excited and nervous. After all, interviews can be tricky—you want to make sure that you answer the questions correctly so you can show off your skills and experience.

To help you prepare, we’ve compiled some of the most common program specialist interview questions. Read on to learn what you might get asked, plus tips on how to give a great answer.

• What experience do you have in developing and managing programs?
• Describe a successful program that you have implemented in the past.
• How do you ensure that all stakeholders are involved in the development of a new program?
• Explain your understanding of the different types of evaluation methods used to measure program success.
• What strategies do you use to identify potential risks associated with a program?
• How do you handle difficult conversations when communicating changes or updates to a program?
• Describe your experience working with diverse teams on program initiatives.
• What is your approach to budgeting for a program?
• How do you stay informed about industry trends and developments related to your program?
• What strategies do you use to engage participants in a program?
• How do you ensure that a program meets its objectives within the allotted timeline?
• Describe a time when you had to manage competing priorities while overseeing a program.
• What strategies do you use to motivate staff members who are responsible for implementing a program?
• How do you handle unexpected challenges that arise during the implementation of a program?
• What strategies do you use to evaluate the effectiveness of a program?
• How do you ensure that a program remains relevant and up-to-date?
• What steps do you take to ensure that a program is compliant with applicable laws and regulations?
• How do you handle conflicts between stakeholders when it comes to making decisions about a program?
• Describe a situation where you had to make a difficult decision regarding a program.
• How do you ensure that a program is accessible to all individuals, regardless of their background or abilities?

1. What experience do you have in developing and managing programs?

Program specialists are responsible for the development, implementation, and management of various programs. They need to have a combination of technical, interpersonal, and organizational skills to ensure that programs are successful. This question allows an interviewer to gauge your experience in program development and management and assess whether you have the skills necessary for the job.

How to Answer:

To answer this question, you should provide examples of programs that you have developed and managed. Talk about the goals of the program, how you went about developing it, your role in managing it, any challenges you faced, and the outcomes or results achieved. You can also discuss any lessons learned from these experiences and how they will help you be successful in this position. Be sure to highlight any successes or accomplishments related to the programs you’ve worked on.

Example: “I have extensive experience in developing and managing programs. I was the project lead for a program at my previous company that aimed to increase customer satisfaction by improving service delivery. I developed a comprehensive plan for the program, which included setting goals and objectives, defining roles and responsibilities, budgeting and allocating resources, and creating communication plans. Throughout the duration of the program, I monitored progress and provided feedback to ensure that it remained on track. We achieved our goal of increasing customer satisfaction by 20%, and I am confident that my experience will enable me to successfully develop and manage programs in this role.”

2. Describe a successful program that you have implemented in the past.

The key to being a successful program specialist is having a proven track record of successful program implementation. This question is designed to get a sense of your ability to create and execute a program plan, as well as your experience in working with stakeholders and other departments to ensure successful implementation. Your answer should demonstrate your understanding of the program’s purpose, how it was designed, how it was implemented, and how it achieved the desired results.

Start by giving an overview of the program you developed and managed. Describe how you identified the need for the program, designed it, and implemented it. Explain the steps you took to ensure successful implementation and any challenges you faced along the way. Then talk about your experience in working with stakeholders to ensure the program was successful. Finally, discuss any positive outcomes or results that were achieved as a result of the program.

Example: “I recently developed and implemented a professional development program for my organization. I identified the need for this program after observing that our employees lacked certain skills related to communication, problem-solving, and leadership. To address this need, I designed a comprehensive training program that included workshops, individual coaching sessions, and online resources. During implementation, I worked closely with stakeholders from various departments to ensure that the program was meeting their needs. As a result of this program, we saw an increase in employee engagement and satisfaction, as well as improved performance across all areas.”

3. How do you ensure that all stakeholders are involved in the development of a new program?

Program specialists are responsible for the successful implementation of programs, from concept to completion. This means that they must coordinate with a variety of stakeholders, from internal teams to external vendors, in order to ensure everyone is on the same page. An interviewer will want to know that you understand the importance of involving everyone in the process and that you have the skills to do so effectively.

To answer this question, you should talk about your experience in engaging stakeholders and how you ensure their involvement. Explain the steps you take to make sure that everyone is informed of the program’s progress and any changes or updates along the way. Talk about how you solicit feedback from stakeholders and use it to improve the program. Show that you understand the importance of collaboration and communication when developing a new program.

Example: “When developing a new program, I make sure to involve all stakeholders in the process. I start by outlining the goals and objectives of the program and then identify key individuals who need to be involved. From there, I work with each stakeholder to develop an action plan that outlines their role in the program’s development and implementation. Throughout the process, I ensure that everyone is kept informed on any changes or updates to the program. I also solicit feedback from stakeholders at regular intervals so I can incorporate their input into the program design. This helps me ensure that the program meets the needs of all stakeholders and has the best chance of being successful.”

4. Explain your understanding of the different types of evaluation methods used to measure program success.

Program specialists are responsible for managing, assessing, and improving programs. They need to understand the different ways that a program’s success can be measured, from quantitative data measuring the number of participants to qualitative data that assesses the program’s impact on participants. The interviewer wants to understand your knowledge of the various evaluation methods and how you use them to track a program’s success.

Explain that you understand the importance of evaluating a program’s success and explain the different types of evaluation methods you are familiar with. You should be able to discuss how quantitative data (e.g., number of participants, budget) and qualitative data (e.g., participant feedback, surveys) can be used to measure success. Additionally, describe any experience you have using these methods in your past roles. Lastly, demonstrate your understanding of the value of ongoing evaluation by discussing how it can help inform decisions about programs.

Example: “I understand the importance of evaluating a program’s success and have experience using both quantitative and qualitative data to measure its impact. I’ve utilized quantitative methods such as tracking the number of participants, budget, and other metrics to assess a program’s effectiveness. Additionally, I’m familiar with qualitative methods such as surveys and participant feedback which can provide insight into how successful a program is from an experiential perspective. I believe that ongoing evaluation is essential for ensuring a program’s success and helps inform decisions about resource allocation and potential changes.”

5. What strategies do you use to identify potential risks associated with a program?

Program specialists are expected to have a comprehensive understanding of the goals of a given program, the resources necessary to achieve them, and the associated risks and challenges that may arise along the way. Being able to anticipate potential risks and proactively address them is essential to ensuring the success of the program.

Start by discussing the strategies you use to identify potential risks. This could include things like conducting a thorough needs assessment, researching best practices and industry standards, developing a risk management plan, or consulting with stakeholders. You should also be prepared to explain how you prioritize and address identified risks in order to minimize their impact on the program. Finally, discuss any tools or processes you have used to monitor and evaluate progress throughout the life of the program.

Example: “My approach to identifying potential risks associated with a program starts by conducting an in-depth needs assessment. I analyze the goals of the program, review existing resources and capabilities, consult with stakeholders, and research industry standards and best practices to identify any potential gaps or areas of vulnerability. Once identified, I prioritize these risks based on their likelihood and impact, then develop strategies for mitigating them. To ensure that progress is being made, I utilize various tools such as project management software, regular status meetings, and stakeholder feedback surveys to monitor and evaluate the program’s performance.”

6. How do you handle difficult conversations when communicating changes or updates to a program?

Program Specialists must be able to communicate changes, updates, and decisions to a wide variety of stakeholders. This can be a difficult conversation to have, especially if the changes are unpopular. Interviewers will want to know you are able to handle these conversations with grace and tact, keeping the best interests of the program in mind.

You should be prepared to discuss how you have handled difficult conversations in the past. Talk about your approach and how you strive to remain professional, respectful, and open-minded when communicating changes or updates to a program. Explain that you understand everyone may not always agree with decisions made but that it is important to keep the focus on the best interests of the program. Highlight any strategies you use to ensure a productive conversation such as active listening, staying calm, and being willing to compromise if necessary.

Example: “When communicating changes or updates to a program, I understand that not everyone may agree. My approach is to remain professional and respectful while also being open-minded to different perspectives. I actively listen to the concerns of stakeholders and strive to address them in a productive way. If necessary, I am willing to compromise and explore alternatives in order to find solutions that are beneficial for all parties involved. Additionally, I always ensure that my communication is clear and concise so everyone understands what is expected.”

7. Describe your experience working with diverse teams on program initiatives.

Program specialists need to be able to work with a wide range of people on a variety of initiatives. By asking this question, the interviewer wants to know if you can build relationships with a diverse group of people, manage competing priorities, and handle different types of projects.

To answer this question, you should provide examples of times when you have worked on a diverse team. Explain the different types of people involved (such as stakeholders, subject matter experts, and project leads), how you managed conflicting priorities, and what kind of initiatives you led or supported. Also describe any successes that resulted from your efforts. Finally, be sure to emphasize your ability to work with all kinds of people in order to achieve successful outcomes.

Example: “In my current role as a program specialist for XYZ Corporation, I’ve had the opportunity to work with a variety of stakeholders on many different initiatives. For example, I recently worked on an initiative that required close collaboration between marketing, operations, and finance teams. My job was to ensure everyone was on the same page in terms of timeline and expectations. I also had to manage competing priorities while maintaining positive relationships with all team members. As a result, we were able to successfully launch the initiative on time and within budget.”

8. What is your approach to budgeting for a program?

Program specialists often need to manage the budget for a given program or initiative. This question gives the interviewer the opportunity to assess your understanding of the budgeting process and your ability to identify cost-saving measures. It also indicates your ability to plan and organize resources effectively, as well as your communication skills in dealing with other departments and stakeholders.

To answer this question, start by explaining your approach to budgeting. For example, you could discuss how you identify the resources needed for a program, assess the cost of those resources, and then create a budget that meets the needs of the program while staying within budgetary constraints. You should also mention any strategies you use to ensure that the program stays on budget and is able to meet its goals. Finally, be sure to emphasize your ability to communicate effectively with other departments and stakeholders when it comes to budgeting decisions.

Example: “When budgeting for a program, I start by assessing the resources needed to achieve the program’s goals. I then look at the cost of those resources and create a budget that meets the program’s needs while staying within budgetary constraints. I also develop strategies to ensure the program stays on budget, such as regularly tracking costs and assessing potential cost-saving measures. Additionally, I make sure to communicate clearly and effectively with other departments and stakeholders about budgeting decisions to ensure everyone is on the same page.”

9. How do you stay informed about industry trends and developments related to your program?

Program specialists are expected to keep up with the latest developments in their field and use this information to make the best decisions for their program. They need to be able to research and identify new trends, as well as stay up to date on the latest best practices. The interviewer is asking this question to see if you have the skills and knowledge necessary to stay informed.

To answer this question, talk about the methods you use to stay informed. For example, do you read industry publications or attend conferences? Do you follow specific experts on social media or take online courses? You can also mention any research projects you have completed related to your program, such as surveys or interviews with stakeholders. Finally, explain how you apply what you’ve learned in order to make decisions and recommendations for your program.

Example: “I stay up to date on industry trends and developments related to my program by regularly reading industry publications and attending conferences. I also follow experts in the field on social media, taking online courses, and participating in webinars. Additionally, I have conducted research projects such as surveys and interviews with stakeholders to gain more insight into the industry. With this information, I can make informed decisions and recommendations for my program that will ensure its success and growth.”

10. What strategies do you use to engage participants in a program?

Program specialists are responsible for developing, organizing, and managing programs and activities. They must be able to effectively engage participants in their program in order to ensure that their goals are met. This question allows the interviewer to get an idea of the strategies you may use to engage participants in the program and how successful you may be in doing so.

This question is designed to test your ability to motivate and engage people in a program. The best way to answer this is to provide examples of how you have engaged participants in the past. Talk about any creative strategies that you have used, such as incorporating games or activities into the program, offering incentives for participation, or providing hands-on learning experiences. You can also talk about how you use feedback from previous programs to improve engagement in future ones. Additionally, emphasize how important it is to be open and welcoming to all types of participants and discuss any specific techniques you use to ensure everyone feels included.

Example: “I believe that engaging participants in a program starts with creating an inviting and welcoming atmosphere. I strive to be open and receptive to all types of participants, regardless of age, gender, or background. I also like to use creative strategies to engage participants, such as incorporating games and activities into the program. I also use feedback from previous programs to improve engagement in future ones, and I offer incentives for participation. I also ensure that all participants have the opportunity to be heard and that their opinions are valued.”

11. How do you ensure that a program meets its objectives within the allotted timeline?

Program specialists need to be able to manage multiple projects, set deadlines, and make sure that each program runs smoothly and efficiently. This question is designed to gauge your ability to manage a project’s timeline and resources, as well as your problem-solving skills. It also gives the interviewer insight into how you prioritize tasks and handle competing demands on your time.

Talk about how you plan out a project and break it down into smaller tasks. Explain your process for breaking down goals into achievable milestones, setting deadlines, and tracking progress. Describe any strategies you have used to stay organized and on top of the program’s objectives, such as creating detailed schedules or using project management software. Finally, mention any successes you have had in meeting project timelines in the past.

Example: “When I’m working on a program, I always start by breaking down the deliverables into smaller, more manageable tasks. I then create a timeline with specific deadlines for each task, and I’m careful to factor in any contingencies or potential roadblocks. I also use project management software to track progress and keep everyone informed. On my last project, I was able to complete the program ahead of schedule by proactively identifying and addressing any potential issues before they became problems.”

12. Describe a time when you had to manage competing priorities while overseeing a program.

Program specialists have to juggle multiple tasks and responsibilities at once, which means being able to prioritize and manage competing tasks effectively. By asking this question, the interviewer is looking for a sense of how you’ve handled similar situations in the past, and whether you have the organizational skills to succeed in the role.

To answer this question, think of a specific example from your past experience when you had to manage competing priorities while overseeing a program. Make sure to focus on the steps you took to prioritize tasks and delegate responsibilities in order to ensure that the program was successful. Be sure to mention any challenges or roadblocks you encountered, and how you overcame them. Finally, be sure to emphasize what you learned from the experience, and how it has helped you become a better program specialist.

Example: “In my previous role as a program specialist at XYZ Corporation, I was responsible for overseeing a large-scale project that involved numerous stakeholders with competing priorities. I had to be very organized in order to prioritize tasks, delegate responsibilities, and ensure that the project was completed on time and within budget. I was able to successfully manage competing priorities by staying organized and breaking down the project into smaller tasks that could be completed in a timely manner. I also worked closely with the stakeholders to ensure that everyone was on the same page and to ensure that the project ran smoothly. This experience taught me the importance of communication and organization in managing a program, and I believe that it has made me a better program specialist.”

13. What strategies do you use to motivate staff members who are responsible for implementing a program?

Program Specialists are responsible for planning, managing, and evaluating programs and projects. It is important to be able to motivate and encourage staff members who are responsible for implementing a program or project. This question will help the interviewer understand your ability to motivate others and get the job done.

You can answer this question by providing specific examples of how you have motivated staff members in the past. Talk about how you provided clear and achievable goals, gave regular feedback on performance, offered rewards for successful completion of tasks, or created a team environment where everyone feels valued and appreciated. You should also explain how you set expectations and held staff accountable when necessary. Finally, emphasize that you understand the importance of recognizing individual contributions and celebrating successes together as a team.

Example: “I have a few strategies that I use to motivate staff members. First, I make sure that everyone is aware of the goals and expectations of the program. Then, I provide regular feedback on performance and offer rewards for successful completion of tasks. Additionally, I create a team environment where everyone feels valued and appreciated. I also set expectations and hold staff accountable when necessary. Finally, I recognize individual contributions and celebrate successes together as a team.”

14. How do you handle unexpected challenges that arise during the implementation of a program?

Program specialists are expected to be able to identify and resolve any issues that come up during the implementation of a program. This question tests your problem-solving skills and ability to think on your feet. It also shows the interviewer how you respond to unexpected changes and how you handle stress.

The best way to answer this question is to provide a concrete example of how you have handled an unexpected challenge in the past. Talk about the steps you took to identify and resolve the issue, what tools or resources you used, and how you communicated with stakeholders throughout the process. Be sure to emphasize your problem-solving skills and any successes that resulted from your quick thinking.

Example: “When I was launching a new program at my previous job, we encountered an unexpected issue with our data collection system. I quickly identified the problem and worked with the IT team to come up with a solution. I also took the initiative to create a new process for collecting data that would be more efficient and accurate. Ultimately, we were able to launch the program on time and it was a great success.”

15. What strategies do you use to evaluate the effectiveness of a program?

Program specialists are responsible for measuring the success of a program and determining what changes need to be made to ensure the program is meeting its goals. This question helps the interviewer understand how you approach a program evaluation and what strategies you use to ensure the program is meeting its objectives.

Start by explaining the steps you take when evaluating a program. For example, you can discuss how you analyze data to track progress and measure success, as well as how you use feedback from stakeholders to gain insight into what is working and what needs improvement. Additionally, you can talk about how you develop metrics to evaluate performance, such as cost-benefit analyses or surveys of participants. Finally, emphasize your ability to think critically and objectively in order to make informed decisions on how to improve the program.

Example: “When evaluating a program, I like to start with a comprehensive review of the data. I look for trends in the data that can help me identify areas of success as well as areas that need improvement. I also conduct surveys of participants to get their feedback on the program and how it could be improved. Additionally, I develop metrics to evaluate the program’s performance, such as cost-benefit analyses or return on investment calculations. Finally, I use my critical thinking skills to objectively assess the data and make informed decisions on how to improve the program.”

16. How do you ensure that a program remains relevant and up-to-date?

Program specialists are responsible for the ongoing success of programs, so it’s important that they stay abreast of the latest developments and trends. This question is an opportunity to demonstrate your knowledge and experience in this area. Interviewers may also be looking for evidence that you’re able to think critically and evaluate a program’s performance, and that you have the ability to make necessary changes to ensure the program’s success.

When answering this question, you should provide concrete examples of how you have kept a program up-to-date in the past. For example, you could discuss how you’ve monitored industry trends and changes to ensure that the program is relevant and competitive. You can also explain your process for evaluating the performance of a program and suggest strategies for making improvements or adjustments as needed. Showing that you are proactive in keeping programs updated will demonstrate to the interviewer that you are an effective program specialist.

Example: “I understand the importance of staying up-to-date with the latest trends and developments in the industry. To ensure that a program remains relevant and competitive, I regularly monitor industry trends and changes, and evaluate the performance of the program on an ongoing basis. I also conduct research to identify areas where the program can be improved or modified. I have a process for proposing changes and modifications to the program, and working with stakeholders to ensure that the program is meeting the needs of the organization and its customers. I also use data and metrics to evaluate the success of the program and make adjustments as needed.”

17. What steps do you take to ensure that a program is compliant with applicable laws and regulations?

Program specialists are responsible for making sure that their programs are compliant with all applicable laws and regulations. This can be a complex task that requires an in-depth understanding of the relevant laws, regulations, and policies. The interviewer wants to make sure that you are familiar with the process of ensuring compliance and can effectively implement it.

You should start by talking about the research you do to ensure that your program is compliant. This could include reading up on relevant laws and regulations, consulting with legal counsel, or attending industry conferences and seminars. You should also talk about how you stay informed of any changes in the law or regulations that may affect your program. Be sure to emphasize any experience you have implementing compliance procedures, such as developing policies and procedures, training staff, and conducting audits. Finally, discuss any systems you have implemented to help track compliance and ensure ongoing adherence.

Example: “When I develop and manage programs, I make sure that they are compliant with all applicable laws and regulations. I start by researching the relevant laws and regulations, and then I consult with legal counsel to ensure that I understand them fully. I also stay up to date on any changes that may affect the program by attending industry seminars and conferences. Additionally, I develop policies and procedures for the program and train staff on the requirements of the law. I also conduct regular audits to ensure ongoing compliance. Finally, I’ve implemented a tracking system to help me monitor compliance on an ongoing basis.”

18. How do you handle conflicts between stakeholders when it comes to making decisions about a program?

Program specialists are expected to be able to handle conflicts between stakeholders while still ensuring that the program’s goals are met. This question gives the interviewer an understanding of your ability to listen to all parties, analyze their needs and interests, and come up with a feasible solution that meets everyone’s needs. It also shows the interviewer your ability to work with others and your conflict resolution skills.

Explain that you start by listening to each stakeholder and understanding their points of view. Then, explain how you would analyze the situation to identify common ground between stakeholders. From there, you can discuss your ability to create a plan that meets everyone’s needs while still keeping the program’s goals in mind. Finally, emphasize your ability to communicate effectively with all parties involved in order to reach an agreement.

Example: “When it comes to making decisions about a program, I always start by listening to each stakeholder to understand their points of view. Then, I analyze the situation to identify areas of common ground between the stakeholders. From there, I create a plan that meets everyone’s needs while still keeping the program’s goals in mind. I also make sure that I communicate effectively with all parties involved in order to reach an agreement. My experience has taught me that this process can be difficult, but with patience and an open mind, it is possible to come to a mutually beneficial solution.”

19. Describe a situation where you had to make a difficult decision regarding a program.

This question is designed to gauge your problem solving skills and your ability to make decisions in a timely manner. It also gives the interviewer insight into how you handle difficult situations involving the program you are responsible for. This type of question is meant to get you to think on your feet and show that you are able to make quick decisions and work through difficult programs.

To answer this question, you should start by describing the situation in detail. Be sure to include specifics such as who was involved, what the program was, and why it was difficult for you to make a decision. From there, explain how you worked through the problem and the steps you took to come up with a solution. Finally, finish your answer by explaining the outcome of the situation and how your decision positively impacted the program.

Example: “I was recently in charge of a program to help underprivileged children learn basic computer skills. I had to make a difficult decision when one of the students was caught using the computers for activities that were not related to the program. I had to decide whether to let the student remain in the program or remove them. After careful consideration, I decided to allow the student to stay in the program, but I put them on probation and closely monitored their progress. In the end, the student was successful in the program and was able to use the skills they learned to help them in their future studies.”

20. How do you ensure that a program is accessible to all individuals, regardless of their background or abilities?

Program Specialists are expected to be knowledgeable and experienced in ensuring that their programs are accessible to everyone. This means understanding the needs of those with disabilities, different cultural backgrounds, and any other factors that might prevent a person from participating in the program. By understanding the needs and requirements of different groups, you can ensure that a program is accessible to all.

To answer this question, you should discuss how you have previously ensured that a program is accessible to all individuals. You can talk about how you research the needs of different groups and develop strategies to ensure that everyone can participate in the program. Additionally, you should mention any specific steps or initiatives you’ve taken to make sure that a program is accessible to all, such as providing language assistance or offering alternative forms of communication for those with hearing impairments.

Example: “In my past roles, I have always taken steps to ensure that a program is accessible to all individuals. This includes researching the needs of different groups, such as those with disabilities or those who speak a language other than English, to make sure that they can participate in the program. I have also taken initiative to create alternative communication methods for those with hearing impairments, as well as providing language assistance for those who need it. I believe that a program should be accessible to everyone, no matter their background or abilities, and I am committed to making sure that this is always the case.”

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