define the education market

• The Experience
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Education Industry

Introduction, education industry & market reports, more industry sources, common topics, consumer discovery.

• Companies, Investments & Funders
• Industry Publications & Related Sources

While these resources are generally the most relevant, there may be other resources available. If you are looking for something in particular or cannot find a lot of information about a niche segment, please Ask Us .  

These databases contain market & industry reports. They provide overviews of the industry as well as the intended market or end consumer. 

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In addition to industry and market reports, there are many other ways to analyze an industry, gain insights, and find relevant statistics and data.

Statistics Databases

These databases contain industry statistical data in tables or charts. They're a good place to start as they collect information from many sources.

Associations & Regulators

Industry associations and regulators (both in governments and independent agencies) often have great information. Look for sections on their websites like "Resources", "Publications", or "Data," but note some resources may be restricted to members.

Examples of education industry associations and regulators are below.

United States

• National Center for Education Statistics Select Data and Tools section for comprehensive US government databank of statistics related to education on all levels: Pre-K, K-12 public and private, colleges. Statistics on educators and university faculty, extensive data on international students assessments and programs. Go to the Menu at top and select reports-type sections, such as Annual Reports (yearly analysis on state of education), Fast Facts etc.
• Institute of Education Sciences (IES) Statistical and research branch of the U.S. Department of Education. Offers reports on the state of national education (Nation’s report card) and links to other government statistical datasets, such as NCSER (National Center for Special Education Research).
• National Student Clearinghouse Research Center Comprehensive reports and data on multiple aspects of postsecondary education.
• American Educational Research Association (AERA) Contains reports analyzing the educational issues from the socio-economic point. Search under Education Research tab at top.
• Education Statistics (EdStats) Education statistics portal of the World Bank that provides analysis and data on key topics in education (access, completion, policies, expenditures, etc) by countries.
• UNESCO Databases of Resources on Education International data on education includes materials on educational policies, statistics from the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) and more.
• College Results Online Online interactive tool for analyzing and comparing US universities by multiple criteria.
• Find Industry Associations
• Corporate Learning
• Online Learning

The listed resources contain research reports and industry articles on the application of hardware and software tools in education on all levels. For search, use keywords such as "edtech”, “educational technology”, or the specific terms such as “electronic whiteboard”, “videoconferencing”, etc. See also relevant  Education Industry News & Publications .

• Educause Reports and insights publications with the focus on technology usage in higher education.
• Office of Educational Technology (US Dept of Education) US Government programs related to implementing and expanding technology on all levels of education.

The listed resources contain research reports and industry articles. Use keywords such as "corporate training," "corporate leaning," or if using IBISWorld use "business coaching." See also relevant Education Industry News & Publications .

• Association for Talent Development (ATD) Contains some free research reports. Go to Store > Research Reports.

The listed resources contain research and data on online or hybrid learning. See also relevant Education Industry News & Publications .

• EMIS Intelligence This link opens in a new window If you can't connect and see "Inquire about additional products", use an incognito/private browser. -->Global and emerging market information and market reports for countries or regions worldwide. For : Current Stanford faculty, staff, and students. Remote access temporarily unavailable. For updates, please check System Status -->
• Educause Online Learing Reports and articles on online and hybrid learning, including the PDF edtion of the current Horizon Report, Teaching and Learning edition.
• United States Distance Learning Association (USDLA) Relevant articles, statistics, blogs, for all levels of education under Resources top menu item.

The suggested resources will help you determine population’s demographic, behavioral, social, and economic characteristics in relation to education.

• Consumer Attitudes, Perceptions, & Behaviors
• Consumer Demographics
• Next: Companies, Investments & Funders >>
• Last Updated: Mar 22, 2024 12:40 PM
• URL: https://libguides.stanford.edu/library/education-industry

The International Encyclopedia of Higher Education Systems and Institutions pp 2037–2043 Cite as

Markets and Marketization in Higher Education

• Roger Brown 3  
• Reference work entry
• First Online: 01 January 2020

42 Accesses

1 Citations

Introduction

This entry discusses:

The theory of markets and marketization

What marketization means for higher education

Why higher education in many countries is being marketized

The limits to marketization

The consequences of marketization

A short final section reflects on some of the issues and ironies of marketization in higher education. Readers who can bear to read more may wish to refer to Teixeira et al. 2004 ; Brown 2011 ; Regini 2011 ; John and Fanghangel 2016 (for marketization generally, see Crouch 2011 , Chapter 2).

Markets and Marketization

In economic theory, a “market” is a means by which the demand and supply for a particular product is balanced through the price mechanism. Suppliers compete for the custom of consumers who make their choices on the basis of information about price, quality, and availability. In the language of economics, markets provide both greater “static efficiency” (the ratio of outputs to inputs at any point of time), and greater “dynamic efficiency”...

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Brewer, D.J., S.M. Gates, and C.A. Goldman. 2002. In pursuit of prestige: Strategy and competition in US higher education . Somerset: Transaction Publishers.

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Brown, R. (in preparation for submission to Policy Reviews in Higher Education ). Neoliberalism, marketisation and higher education: How Neoliberalism is reshaping the provision of higher education through marketisation.

Brown, R., and H. Carasso. 2013. Everything for sale? The marketization of UK higher education . London/New York: Routledge.

Clark, B.R. 1983. The higher education system . Berkeley/Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Cremonini, L., D. Westerheijden, and J. Enders. 2008. Disseminating the right information to the right audience: Cultural determinants in the use (and misuse) of rankings. Higher Education 55 (3): 373–385.

Crouch, C. 2011. The strange non-death of neoliberalism . Cambridge/Malden: Polity Press.

Gumport, P. 2002. Universities and knowledge: Restructuring the city of intellect. In The future of the City of intellect , ed. S. Brint. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Hunt, S., C. Callender, and G. Parry. 2016. The entry and experience of private providers of higher education in six countries . London: Centre for Global Higher Education.

John, P., and J. Fanghangel, eds. 2016. Dimensions of Marketisation in Higher Education . London and New York: Routledge.

Johnstone, D. Bruce, and P. Marcucci. 2010. Financing higher education worldwide: Who pays? Who should pay? Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

Jongbloed, B. 2003. Marketisation in higher education: Clark’s triangle and the essential ingredients of markets. Higher Education Quarterly 57 (2): 110–135.

Le Grand, J., and W. Bartlett. 1993. Quasi-markets and social policy . Basingstoke: Macmillan.

Marks, D. 2007. The unsettled meaning of undergraduate education in a competitive higher education environment. Higher Education in Europe 32 (2/3): 173–183.

McCulloch, A. 2009. The student as co-producer: Learning from public administration about the student-university relationship. Studies in Higher Education 34 (2): 171–183.

McPherson, M.S., and G.C. Winston. 1993. The economics of cost, price and quality in US higher education. In Paying the piper: Productivity, incentives and financing in US higher education , ed. M.S. McPherson, M.O. Schapiro, and G.C. Winston. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. 2017. Education at a glance 2017 . Paris: OECD.

Regini, M. 2011. European universities and the challenge of the market: A comparative analysis . Cheltenham/Northampton: Edward Elgar.

Teixeira, P.N. 2006. Markets in Higher Education: What can we still learn from economics’ founding fathers? Research and occasional papers series: CSHE 4.06. Berkeley: Center for the Study of Higher Education, University of California.

Teixeira, P.N., and A. Amaral. 2001. Private higher education and diversity: An exploratory survey. Higher Education Quarterly 55 (4): 359–395.

Teixeira, P.N., B. Jongbloed, D. Dill, and A. Amaral, eds. 2004. Markets in Higher Education: Rhetoric or reality? Dordrecht: Kluwer.

Weimer, D.L., and A.R. Vining. 1992. Policy analysis: Concepts and practice . Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.

Williams, G. 1992. Changing patterns of finance in higher education. Buckingham: Society for Research in higher education and . Buckingham: Open University Press.

Wolf, C. 1993. Markets or governments? Choosing between imperfect alternatives . Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

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Brown, R. (2020). Markets and Marketization in Higher Education. In: Teixeira, P.N., Shin, J.C. (eds) The International Encyclopedia of Higher Education Systems and Institutions. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8905-9_97

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Marketisation of Education

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This short topic video guides A-Level Sociology students through the concept of the "marketisation of education".

Marketisation is used to refer to a trend in education policy from the 1980s where schools were encouraged to compete against each other and act more like private businesses rather than institutions under the control of local government.

The idea is particularly associated with policies inspired by the New Right and with the Education Reform Act of 1988 although many argue significant parts of education policy, since then, have also been about marketisation, regardless of which government is in power (e.g. academies and free schools).

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K-12 Education Market Size & Share Analysis - Growth Trends & Forecasts (2024 - 2029)

The K-12 Education Market is Segmented by Type (Public K-12 Education and Private K-12 Education), Application (Pre-Primary School and Primary School, Middle School, and High School), and Geography (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East and Africa). The Market Sizes and Forecasts are Provided in Terms of Value (USD) for all the Above Segments.

• K-12 Education Market Size

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K-12 Education Market Analysis

The K-12 Education Market size is estimated at USD 4.23 billion in 2024, and is expected to reach USD 6.98 billion by 2029, growing at a CAGR of 10.09% during the forecast period (2024-2029).

The K-12 education market analyzes digital learning platforms and services (e-learning and learning management services) across K-12 for students and instructors. The study tracks the demand for the K-12-based education technology market based on the contribution of platform solutions and services offered by vendors worldwide.

• The increasing popularity of online education due to its benefits, such as giving students more valuable and video-based content for a better understanding of the subjects in K-12 schools, is driving the market growth of digital learning solutions worldwide. For instance, in September 2023, Adobe, the American multinational computer software company, partnered with India's Ministry of Education to provide schools with Adobe Express-based curriculum, training, and certification. The initiative plans to cover 20 million students and 500,000 educators across India by 2027, showing the increasing adoption of software tool-based education in K-12 institutions. Such developments are expected to drive the growth of the market studied.
• The popularity of online learning has seen substantial growth during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, largely governed by the growth in a number of online learning platforms, coupled with benefits such as accessibility, flexibility, and affordability. In addition, the rise of online education in the K-12 sector has revolutionized the education sector, leading to the emergence of new online learning platforms and delivery methods. The growth in internet penetration and smartphone penetration has emerged as a driver for the growing popularity of online learning in K-12 schools.
• Online education can also provide students with more opportunities. This includes allowing them to study at an international institution without having to travel or move abroad. This method of learning is also more cost-effective because it cuts out the need for the student to travel to attend classes or, in some cases, the need to purchase textbooks.
• However, the lack of digital infrastructures, the presence of digital divides, and the unavailability of supporting internet infrastructure in many rural and sub-urban parts of the world, especially in underdeveloped and developing economies, are restricting the growth of e-learning, hampering the growth of the K-12 education market.
• The high growth and adoption of education technology during the COVID-19 pandemic, which includes the development of language apps, virtual tutoring, video conferencing tools, and online learning software to support continuous learning in the K-12 schools amidst the global lockdown and social distancing, has raised the demand for online teaching methods and fueled the market's growth. The World Bank stated that the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted education in over 150 countries and affected 1.6 billion students. Many countries implemented remote learning as an emergency response, which boosted the K-12 education market worldwide. The increasing trend of digitalization in classroom learning programs supports the market's growth.
• K-12 Education Market Trends

Public K-12 Education Segment to Witness Major Growth

• There has been widespread adoption of learning management systems in public schools, and countries worldwide are adopting e-learning in public K-12 education to create a digital education framework, driving the growth of the education market in K-12 public schools.
• The market has been seeing collaboration among the market vendors to increase their capabilities and support market growth. For instance, in October 2023, Open LMS, a provider of open-source learning management systems (LMS) in the United States, partnered with Blindside Networks, the creators of BigBlueButton, a purpose-built virtual classroom software that focuses on learning outcomes. This partnership would enable Open LMS to offer an education-first virtual classroom for government K-12 education institutions, showing the demand for LMS solutions in public schools. This is expected to fuel the K-12 Education Market during the forecast period.
• Further, public schools in developed countries such as the United States are offering training on digital literacy for students and offering the infrastructure needed for online learning, which could positively impact the growth of the K-12 education market. For instance, according to the survey results released by the United States Department of Education’s National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), there are far more public school students than private school students in the United States. By 2031, it is estimated that about 10.3 million students will be enrolled in private schools in the United States. This figure will stand close to 61.67 million for public school students.
• Therefore, the increasing investments and priority by the governments of various countries to support digitalization adoption in public K-12 schools for better management of the learning process are expected to fuel the market growth of K-12 education worldwide in public schools during the forecast period.

Asia-Pacific to Hold Significant Market Share

• The demand for K-12 education in the Asia-Pacific region has experienced remarkable growth, propelled by various factors highlighting the significance of quality education in developing nations. Several key trends contribute to the increasing demand for K-12 education across Asia-Pacific.
• South and Southeast Asia represent one-third of the world's population, with rapidly growing economies and populations. Densely populated and with a younger average age than many developed nations, the opportunity to bring a digital education transformation to these dynamic populations can create a broad impact and improve the educational experience and livelihoods of millions.
• Asia-Pacific countries are integrating education technologies into their education systems. Due to this, a growing demand for schools leveraging technology to enhance learning experiences has been seen. Online platforms, interactive content, and digital tools are becoming integral components of modern K-12 education in the region.
• For instance, in May 2023, TAL Education Group, a Chinese education company and provider of after-school education and tutoring services for students, announced that the company is creating MathGPT, a large-scale mathematical model. This model is intended for math aficionados and research institutes, with problem-solving and teaching algorithms at its core.
• With increased globalization, there is a growing interest in providing students with a global perspective. International schools that offer a curriculum that combines local and global elements are gaining popularity. Parents seek schools that prepare their children to thrive in a diverse and interconnected world.
• Hence, the growing demand for K-12 education in the Asia-Pacific region is driven by demographic shifts, economic development, technological advancements, a focus on English proficiency, globalization trends, government initiatives, and the pursuit of high-quality education. This demand will continue evolving as the region positions itself as a key player in the global education landscape.

K-12 Education Industry Overview

The K-12 education market is fragmented in nature as there are many companies competing for market share. Major players include McGraw-Hill Education (Platinum Equity), Pearson Education Inc., Stride Inc. (K12 Inc.), Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd, Finalsite, and others.

• July 2023: VUS, an education center in Vietnam, partnered with global education company McGraw Hill to introduce a Critical Math program based on McGraw Hill’s Reveal Math, a leading K–12 math program, to pre-primary and primary children in Vietnam.
• June 2023: Pearson, a learning company, announced that Connections Academy, its K-12 online school program, will expand its slate of college and career readiness initiatives for middle and high school students. The initiatives include partnerships with Coursera, an online learning platform; Acadeum, a course-sharing network in higher education; eDynamic Learning, a provider of career technical education for middle and high school students; and Credly, a global provider of digital credentialing.

K-12 Education Market Leaders

McGraw-Hill Education (Platinum Equity)

Pearson Education Inc.

Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd

Stride Inc. (K12 Inc.)

*Disclaimer: Major Players sorted in no particular order

K-12 Education Market News

• August 2023: PowerSchool announced the launch of its learning management system (LMS), Schoology Learning, in the Indian market. Schoology Learning equips K-12 schools with a complete set of tools to boost student performance and empower educators. The solution offers video conferencing and integrated assessment management to improve student performance, foster collaboration, and personalize learning.
• June 2023: Tata ClassEdge Limited introduced its next-generation digital classroom solution, ClassEdge Platinum (CE Platinum). ClassEdge Platinum is an industry-first, immersive, and collaborative digital classroom platform that allows teachers to build learning experiences for students with the best of technology, content, and pedagogy.

K-12 Education Market Report - Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Study Assumptions and Market Definition

1.2 Scope of the Study

2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

4. MARKET INSIGHTS

4.1 Market Overview

4.2 Industry Attractiveness - Porter's Five Forces Analysis

4.2.1 Bargaining Power of Suppliers

4.2.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers

4.2.3 Threat of New Entrants

4.2.4 Threat of Substitutes

4.2.5 Intensity of Competitive Rivalry

4.3 Impact of COVID-19 on the Market

5. MARKET DYNAMICS

5.1 Market Drivers

5.1.1 Growing Popularity of Online Learning

5.2 Market Restraints

5.2.1 Lack of Infrastructure and Limited Awareness of E-learning

5.3 E-book Insights vis-a-vis K-12 Online Education

5.3.1 Utility of Digital Content for Classroom Instruction (Digital Content vs. Print Material)

5.3.2 K-12 Digital Content Trends and Related Survey Insights

5.3.3 Indicative Market Share (%) of E-textbooks in the E-books Industry

6. MARKET SEGMENTATION

6.1 By Type

6.1.1 Public K-12 Education

6.1.2 Private K-12 Education

6.2 By Application

6.2.1 Pre-primary School and Primary School

6.2.2 Middle School

6.2.3 High School

6.3 By Geography

6.3.1 North America

6.3.2 Europe

6.3.3 Asia-Pacific

6.3.4 Middle East and Africa

6.3.5 Latin America

7. COUNTRY ANALYSIS AND INSIGHTS

7.1 United States

7.1.1 Market Estimates and Forecasts on K-12 Education, 2021-2028

7.1.2 Segment Analysis - United States

7.1.2.1 By Type (Public and Private)

7.1.2.2 By Technology (E-learning and LMS)

7.1.2.3 By Application (Pre-primary and Primary Schools, Middle School, and High School)

7.2 United Kingdom

7.2.1 Market Estimates and Forecasts on K-12 Education, 2021-2028

7.2.2 Segment Analysis - United Kingdom

7.2.2.1 By Type (Public and Private)

7.2.2.2 By Technology (E-learning and LMS)

7.2.2.3 By Application (Pre-primary and Primary Schools, Middle School, and High School)

7.3 Germany

7.3.1 Market Estimates and Forecasts on K-12 Education, 2021-2028

7.3.2 Segment Analysis - Germany

7.3.2.1 By Type (Public and Private)

7.3.2.2 By Technology (E-learning and LMS)

7.3.2.3 By Application (Pre-primary and Primary Schools, Middle School, and High School)

7.4.1 Market Estimates and Forecasts on K-12 Education, 2021-2028

7.4.2 Segment Analysis - France

7.4.2.1 By Type (Public and Private)

7.4.2.2 By Technology (E-learning and LMS)

7.4.2.3 By Application (Pre-primary and Primary Schools, Middle School, and High School)

7.5.1 Market Estimates and Forecasts on K-12 Education, 2021-2028

7.5.2 Segment Analysis - Japan

7.5.2.1 By Type (Public and Private)

7.5.2.2 By Technology (E-learning and LMS)

7.5.2.3 By Application (Pre-primary and Primary Schools, Middle School, and High School)

8. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

8.1 Company Profiles*

8.1.1 McGraw-Hill Education (Platinum Equity)

8.1.2 Pearson Education Inc.

8.1.3 Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd

8.1.4 Stride Inc. (K12 Inc.)

8.1.5 Finalsite

8.1.6 Tata ClassEdge

8.1.7 Next Education India Pvt. Ltd

8.1.9 TAL Education Group

8.1.10 Think and Learn Private Limited (BYJU'S)

8.1.11 Desmos Studio PBC

8.1.12 Bettermarks GmbH

8.1.13 Mooka Media Ltd

8.1.14 Instructure Inc. (Thoma Bravo)

8.1.15 Clever Inc. (Kahoot)

9. INVESTMENT ANALYSIS

10. FUTURE OF THE MARKET

K-12 Education Industry Segmentation

K-12, a term used in education and educational technology in the United States, Canada, and some other countries, is a short form for the publicly supported school grades prior to college.

The K-12 education market is segmented by type (public K-12 education and private K-12 education), application (pre-primary school and primary school, middle school, and high school), and geography (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East and Africa). The market sizes and forecasts are provided in terms of value (USD) for all the above segments.

K-12 Education Market Research FAQs

How big is the k-12 education market.

The K-12 Education Market size is expected to reach USD 4.23 billion in 2024 and grow at a CAGR of 10.09% to reach USD 6.98 billion by 2029.

What is the current K-12 Education Market size?

In 2024, the K-12 Education Market size is expected to reach USD 4.23 billion.

Who are the key players in K-12 Education Market?

McGraw-Hill Education (Platinum Equity), Pearson Education Inc., Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd, Stride Inc. (K12 Inc.) and Finalsite are the major companies operating in the K-12 Education Market.

Which is the fastest growing region in K-12 Education Market?

Asia Pacific is estimated to grow at the highest CAGR over the forecast period (2024-2029).

Which region has the biggest share in K-12 Education Market?

In 2024, the Asia-Pacific accounts for the largest market share in K-12 Education Market.

What years does this K-12 Education Market cover, and what was the market size in 2023?

In 2023, the K-12 Education Market size was estimated at USD 3.80 billion. The report covers the K-12 Education Market historical market size for years: 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023. The report also forecasts the K-12 Education Market size for years: 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028 and 2029.

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K-12 Education Industry Report

Statistics for the 2024 K-12 Education market share, size and revenue growth rate, created by Mordor Intelligence™ Industry Reports. K-12 Education analysis includes a market forecast outlook for 2024 to 2029 and historical overview. Get a sample of this industry analysis as a free report PDF download.

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Report Description

Table of content, methodology.

• ICT, Semiconductor & Electronics
• Software & Services
• K-12 Education Market Size, Share & Growth | Forecast [2031]

K-12 Education Market

Segments - by Type (Private and Public), by Application (Pre-primary School, Primary School, Middle School, and High School), by Learning Mode (Online/Virtual Learning and Classroom Learning) and by Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa) - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast, 2023-2031

• ICT-SE-4657

Raksha Sharma

Fact-checked by:

Amulya Agarwal

Shruti Bhat

Market Outlook:

The Global K-12 Education Market was valued at USD 3,382.3 Billion in 2022 and is projected to reach USD 4,960.0 Billion by 2031 , expanding at a CAGR of 4.5 % during the forecast period. K-12 education is a collective term that refers to elementary and secondary education. K stands for kindergarten, and 12 stands for the 12th grade. K-12 comprises kindergarten, primary, secondary, and high school. K-12 education allows for adequate time for mastering skills, fosters lifelong learners, and aids graduates in university education, middle-level skill development, employment, and entrepreneurship. K-12 education aids in building the foundation of a student's academic career. It offers fundamental information and allows for learning abilities required for personal and professional growth. Additionally, K–12 education is crucial for creating responsible adults.

Macro-Economic Factors

Public & private investments impact.

As per the study conducted by the Global Impact Investing Network in 2020, the global education sector received over USD 1.26 billion as investments in 2019, placing it 12th out of the 13 tracked investment categories. Furthermore, enrollment in private K–12 education has been sharply increasing in developing nations. This occurs as government systems struggle to meet the demands of expanding populations. The key reason behind the growth of private K-12 school is the financial support of Development Financing Institutions (DFIs). On the other hand, the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the private sector arm of the World Bank Group, made investments in K–12 private schools from the mid-1990s until it decided to stop doing so in 2017. In order to ensure equal access and reach children from underserved and excluded populations, it might be difficult to fund private schools in low- and middle-income nations. This difficulty is examined in The Evaluation of International Finance Corporation Investments in K–12 Private Schools. Furthermore, investors must also weigh the trade-offs between preserving the financial viability of their investments in private K–12 schools and promoting high-quality instruction, fair access, and wider outcome on the education system. Additionally, traditional finance, which includes individual and family entrepreneurs as well as private equity and impact investors are expected to dominate investments in private K–12 schools. Many private K–12 schools, especially those with low schooling, are restricted in their capacity to grow due to their small size and relative business immaturity. Thus, these many issues point to the necessity for private K–12 schools to have technical help from investors and longer-term investment horizons.

Technology Integration

Teaching and learning now have new possibilities because to technology integration. Before the advent of the digital age, classes had to be structured around lectures, discussions, and tangible materials. Teachers and students now have access to a variety of digital resources, including interactive teaching tools, online courses, and digital textbooks. All online educational practices are referred to as digital education. Furthermore, educational technology (EdTech) uses hardware and software that are pertinent to learning and teaching in order to enhance student results. For example, students participate in lessons remotely via a screen device using virtual e-learning platforms. To improve new mode of learning, various platforms combine several features such as video, audio, live streaming, interactive lessons, immediate feedback, and messaging to enhance the teaching as well as learning experience for the educator and students. Additionally, students can either learn asynchronously at various times selected by themselves or collectively as a class. Teachers and students can interact remotely with tools such as Google Meets, Microsoft Teams, Zoom, FlipGrid, or ClassDojo to facilitate classes, projects, and interactions. Onscreen gadgets in the classroom or online learning platforms are used by students to access digital learning applications such as Google Classroom, Prodigy, Kahoot, Schoology, Quizlet, SeeSaw, Buncee, and Blackboard. Additionally, a sizeable portion of academic staff around the world have demonstrated a desire to promote innovative and digital learning models. Approximately 65% of faculty members favor the use of open educational resources (OERs) in the classroom, while 63% support competency-based education.

Intercontinental K-12 Education

In the global K–12 industry, school organizations are becoming more and more influential. According to study, a growing number of significant school organizations are coming to dominate the global school sector. A school group is defined as one that "owns international schools that are members of the group or, has a financial interest in international schools by managing them or by providing essential services to them without actually owning them." The expansion of the international school industry as a whole is significantly attributed to the school organizations. There were 333 school groups in the middle of 2017 with a combined enrollment of 1.28 Billion pupils among more than 2,500 institutions. By the first quarter of 2022, there were 616 designated school groupings, 4,861 schools, and 2.18 Billion pupils included in those totals. Overall, the school group segment has grown by over 70% over the last five years, with certain groups rising quite a bit more quickly than that. During the same time period, combined fee revenues climbed by about 63%. Additionally, school groups play a significant role in the creation of new campuses, with an estimated 238 of the 377 new schools now under construction belonging to a school group.

Market Dynamics

Market driver- growing investments in edtech solution for improved learning experience is projected to boost the market in the coming years.

The use of educational technology in K12 education is on the rise due to a variety of factors including the ease of availability of technology, the change in need of workforce, and the desire to personalize learning for the students. Edtech solutions are the tools and applications that can be used to enhance teaching, learning, and assessment. With students having access to smartphones, tablets, and laptops, the internet provides them with access to vast amounts of information. Schools are increasingly providing students with access to technology through initiatives such as one-to-one computing programs. This increased availability of technology has led to the growing demand for ed-tech solutions that can help teachers and students use to enhance teaching and learning. As the world becomes increasingly digital, there is growing demand for workers who have strong technological skills. In order to prepare students for these jobs, schools are looking for ways to incorporate technology into the curriculum. Edtech solutions help students develop the skills they need to succeed in the workforce, such as coding and digital literacy. The growing investment in ed-tech solutions is their ability to provide enhanced accessibility and flexibility to students. Edtech solutions offer the possibility of remote learning, breaking down these barriers. Students can access educational content anytime, anywhere, facilitating personalized learning experiences to cater to their individual needs and learning styles. Moreover, Edtech platforms bridge the gap between those who wish to learn and those who offer the same service by virtually bringing them on the same platform. Furthermore, Edtech solutions provide educators with invaluable real-time feedback and comprehensive data analysis capabilities. Through these platforms, teachers can monitor student’s progress and identify areas of improvement. This data-driven approach facilitates continuous improvement and enhances the overall quality of education.

Market Driver- Ongoing implementation of online learning in school curriculum is one of the key factors fueling the market during the forecast period

The field of K-12 Education has undergone a significant transformation in recent years with the integration of technology into the learning process. Technological advancement has played a major role for the implementation of online learning in school such as high-speed internet access, the proliferation of smart devices, and the availability of educational software and tools, have made online learning more accessible and affordable than ever before. Online learning offers flexibility in terms of time, pace, and location of learning. Students can access educational resources and complete assignments at their own convenience, allowing for personalized learning experiences that cater to individual needs, interests, and learning styles. Online learning reduces the cost associated with printed materials, and infrastructure required for traditional classrooms. It offers a cost-effective alternative that allows schools to allocate resources more efficiently. Online learning eliminates geographical barriers, making quality education accessible to students regardless of their location. It ensures that students in remote areas, those with disabilities, or those facing other challenges have equal access to educational opportunities.

Market Restraint- Attrition of K-12 teachers and hiring lags is one of the key factors hampering the market growth in the coming years

Attrition of K-12 teachers refers to the phenomenon of teachers leaving their positions or the profession entirely. There are a number of causes for this attrition. One primary factor is the increasing workload and job stress experienced by teachers. Teachers have to face long working hours, heavy administrative tasks, and overwhelming paperwork. Another factor contributing to attrition is the relatively low salaries and limited career advancement opportunities for K-12 teachers. Many educators struggle with inadequate compensation, especially considering the demanding nature of their roles. K-12 schools in the US are finding it difficult to retain teachers, with potentially far-reaching societal consequences. To understand what motivates the K-12 teachers to stay, leave, or return to their jobs McKinsey surveyed over 1,800 US educators, school leaders, and school mental health professionals at the end of the 2021-22 school year. Approximately one-third of respondents said they intended to leave the job before the start of the next school year. Additionally, the lack of professional development opportunities can also contribute to teacher attrition. Continuous training and skill enhancement are crucial for teachers to stay updated with the latest techniques and educational trends. Moreover, inadequate support and resources for professional development can leave teachers feeling uninspired, pushing them toward other career options. Over the last decade, 2020 saw the highest annual rate of teacher attrition, with separations of state and local education workers increasing 20 percent from 2019 to 2020. After a temporary dip between 2020 and 2021, attrition increased by 17% between 2021 and 2022. Hiring increased by only 38 percent from 2020 to 2022, making it difficult to replace education workers who left and fill new positions. According to a recent McKinsey survey, more than 61 percent of school administrators had difficulty to hire teachers, substitutes, administrators, and mental health professionals. Furthermore, streamlining the recruitment and hiring processes can help to reduce lags and help to hire qualified teachers.

Market Opportunity- Technological advancement in educational system is anticipated to offer a lucrative opportunity for market in the coming years

Technological advancement has rapidly transformed the landscape of K-12 education, providing new opportunities for both teachers and students to access information and engage in interactive learning experiences. With the integration of technology into classrooms, education has become more accessible, personalized, and collaborative. E-learning is one of the crucial components for the transformation of K-12 education. K-12 teachers and institutions have been working to improve their curriculums in order to make learning more relevant and learner-friendly. The internet has become a vast source of information, allowing students to explore subjects beyond what is available in textbooks. Online educational platforms provide interactive lessons, videos, and simulations that help students to improve their studies. Students can access digital libraries, research databases, and educational websites, enhancing their understanding and knowledge retention. Additionally, online communication tools enable students to connect with experts, participate in virtual field trips, and collaborate with teachers from around the world. Moreover, technology enables personalized learning experiences. Adaptive learning platforms use algorithms to assess students’ strengths and weaknesses. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies provide immersive experiences, allowing students to explore historical sites, visit distant places, or visualize complex concepts. These factors are expected to create lucrative opportunities for market expansion during the forecast period.

Scope of the Report

The report on the Global K-12 education Market includes an assessment of the market, trends, segments, and regional markets. Overview and dynamics have also been included in the report.  

Segmental Outlook

The Global K-12 Education Market is segmented on the basis of by Product Types, by Application, and by Learning Mode.

Based on type, the Global K-12 education Market is divided into private and public. The public segment is expected to dominate the market during the forecast period, owing to its several benefits such as a public-school education is government or public institutional funded in which all students attend the school at very low fee structure or free of cost. For example, a primary or secondary school in the US supported by public funds and providing free education to children of a community or district.

Based on application, the K-12 education market is segmented into pre-primary school, primary school, middle school, and high school. The primary segment is expected to hold a significant market share during the forecast period, owing to rising demand for primary education as primary education is the first formal stage of education after preschool or kindergarten. The main objective of primary education to the children of various ages is to give children opportunities to gain knowledge of several subject matter through primary education. Moreover, it aims to teach students both cognitive and emotional skills through the use of a well-rounded curriculum.

Based on learning mode, the K-12 Education market is bifurcated into online/virtual learning and classroom learning. The classroom learning segment is expected to hold a significant market share during the forecast period, owing to classroom learning is a traditional method of learning, wherein a learning environment is created within the physical walls of a classroom. Classroom learning in K-12 education plays a vital role in shaping the academic, social, and emotional development of students. It provides a structured environment where students engage with teachers and peers, acquire knowledge, develop essential skills, and foster a sense of community. This mode of education offers numerous benefits, including effective instruction, personalized attention, social interaction, and the development of critical thinking and problem-solving abilities.

Regional Outlook

Based on region, the market is classified as North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. The market in the Asia Pacific is projected to expand at a significant CAGR during the forecast period. The growth of the market is attributed to the factors such as rising population, urbanization, and adoption of technologies in education. Furthermore, there are several Edtech startups are coming up with innovative solution for kid’s learning such as Byjus. Moreover countries such as India, China, Indonesia, and Japan have large population and high demand for quality education.

Key Benefits for Industry Participants & Stakeholders

In-depth Analysis of the Global K-12 education Market

Historical, Current, and Projected Market Size in terms of Value and Volume

Potential & Niche Segments and Regions Exhibiting Promising Growth Covered

Industry Drivers, Restraints, and Opportunities Covered in the Study

Recent Industry Trends and Developments

Competitive Landscape & Strategies of Key Players

Neutral Perspective on Global K-12 education Market

By Application

• Pre-primary School
• Primary School
• Middle School
• High School

By Learning Mode

• Online/Virtual Learning
• Classroom Learning
• North America
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Market Players Profiled in the Report

• Carnegie Learning, Inc.
• Cengage Learning, Inc.
• D2L Corporation
• DREAMBOX LEARNING, INC.
• Flocabulary
• Intel Corporation
• McGraw-Hill Education
• NextEducation India Pvt Ltd.
• Pearson Education
• Stride, Inc.
• Tata ClassEdge Limited

Competitive Landscape

Top players in the market include Adobe, BrainPOP, BYJU'S, Carnegie Learning, Inc., Cengage Learning, Inc., D2L Corporation, DREAMBOX LEARNING, INC., Flocabulary, Intel Corporation, McGraw-Hill Education, NextEducation India Pvt Ltd., Oracle, Outschool, Pearson Education, Stride, Inc., and Tata ClassEdge Limited.

These companies are considered key manufacturers of K-12 education based on their revenue, product offerings, regional presence, and supply chain management system.

The players are adopting key strategies such as acquisition, collaborations, and geographical expansion where potential opportunities for K-12 education Market.

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FAQ Section

Some frequently asked questions about this report!

1. Which is the base year calculated in the Global K-12 education Market report and what is analysis period?

The base year considered for the Global K-12 education Market report is 2022. The complete analysis period is 2016 to 2031, wherein, 2016 to 2021 are the historic years, and the forecast is provided from 2023 to 2031.

2. What additional data analysis is available in report?

In addition to market size (in USD Billion), Company Market Share (in % for base year 2022), Value has been provided in the report.

3. What is the impact of COVID-19 on the overall market during year 2019 -2020?

The market is expected to slightly decrease in 2019 and 2020 owing to the COVID 19 pandemic is impacted the K-12 education Market.

4. Which macroeconomic factors affect the market?

Factors such as Public & Private Investments impact, Technology Integration, and Intercontinental K-12 Education are analyzed in the final report.

5. How big will be the K-12 education Market in 2030?

According to this Growth Market Reports report, the Global K-12 education Market is likely to register a CAGR of 4.5 % during the forecast period 2023-2031, with an anticipated valuation of USD 4,960.0 Billion by the end of 2031.

6. What are the factors driving the growth of the K-12 education Market?

K–12 education, which includes primary and secondary education, emphasizes on teacher–student interaction. Furthermore, the K–12 education comprises kindergarten, primary, secondary, and high school education, in which, the letters K stands for kindergarten and 12 stands for the 12th grade. Moreover, rising importance of primary education are driving the growth of the market during the forecast period.

7. What are the criteria used for selecting company profile?

Factors such as competitive strength and market positioning are key areas considered while selecting top companies to be profiled.

8. Can I ask for different company profiles?

Additional company profiles can be provided on request. For a discussion related to above findings, click Speak to Analyst

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The growing education gap

March 8, 2022 Education inequities that existed prepandemic were exacerbated as a result of the COVID-19 crisis. Students in majority-Black schools were about nine months behind their peers in majority-White schools in math courses before the pandemic. Now the achievement gap is at a year.

To read the article, see “ COVID-19 and education: An emerging K-shaped recovery ,” December 14, 2021.

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K12 Education Market Size, Share, Competitive Landscape and Trend Analysis Report by Type, by Deployment Mode, by Application, by Spend Analysis : Global Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast, 2021-2031

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K12 Education Market Statistics: 2031

The global k12 education market size was valued at $103.5 billion in 2021, and is projected to reach $525.7 billion by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 17.7% from 2022 to 2031. Virtual online learning in K–12 schools uses a range of electronic communication techniques to conduct the class, including online chat, video conferencing, synchronous conferencing, and specifically built software, with teachers and students geographically separated.

The millennial generation's K–12 kids are digital natives who, generally speaking, are considerably more comfortable with technology than their parents and teachers. Another sector experiencing rapid growth and change is online education for children in grades K–12. K12 education is integrated to enhance time more effectively to meet the needs of all students.            

The use of learning analytics in the educational sector has grown in prominence owing to quick technical advancements. Therefore, educational institutions can provide a customized learning experience with the help of K12 education. K12 is backed by artificial intelligence. Based on student profiles, performance, and engaged behavior, it offers tailored content. Therefore, institutions are making significant investments in virtual learning models, which are projected to drive the expansion of the K12 education market forecast.

One of the main disadvantages of e-learning platforms is their inability to generate social interaction with other learners and instructors. Students with higher peer interaction on online learning platforms tend to have a degree higher learning achievement and satisfaction than that of students with no or lesser peer engagement in their learning process. This scenario is estimated to create an imbalance in the penetration rate of e-learning platforms, thereby restraining the K12 education market growth. However, to counter this, many K12 education industry players such as edX and Coursera started integrating discussion threads with their learning materials, where learners can discuss and even showcase their progress with other learners on the platform.  

E-learning platforms are more time effective and cost-effective for learners. With e-learning platforms, learners possess the convenience of education irrespective of time and location. This factor is anticipated to change the market growth majorly. Moreover, learners can schedule their classes according to their own lifestyles and needs. This factor encourages individuals of various age groups to adapt to e-learning platforms that promise great opportunities for the K12 education market. Many educational institutions save a lot of money by using e-learning platforms to train and educate students with e-learning solutions, as there is no need to employ a physical classroom, resulting in lower monetary expenditure.

The key players for K12 education analysis in this report include IBM Corporation, Adobe, Microsoft Corporation, Samsung, D2L Corporation, Oracle Corporation, Pearson Media Company, Knewton, Cengage Group, and Smart Technologies.

The K12 education market size is segmented on the basis of type, deployment mode, application, spend analysis, and region. By type, the market is classified into public and private. By deployment mode, the market is divided into cloud and on-premise By application, the market is classified into high school, middle school, and pre-primary school and primary school. By spend analysis, the market is divided into hardware, software, and others. By region, the market is analyzed across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and LAMEA.

The Market is Segmented into Type, Deployment Mode, Application and Spend Analysis

By type, the private sub-segment dominated the K12 education market in 2021. Technology has changed education, such as student information systems (SIS) that simplify attendance tracking and grade books, test prep software, smartboards, and paperless classrooms. These innovations, including AR, VR, machine learning, and digital textbooks, will witness higher growth during the forecast period. Several private educational institutions are focusing on safeguarding confidential data from cybersecurity attacks and how to leverage it to improve student outcomes. All these aforementioned factors are likely to boost the growth of the market.

By deployment mode, the on-premise sub-segment dominated the K12 education market in 2021. The adoption of on-premises is expected to grow significantly in the coming years as it runs in a combination of both private and public clouds and provides benefits such as security, cost, control, and speed. Furthermore, on-premises, all generated data is collected and securely stored in the cloud, where it can be accessed from added complexity and can eliminate many securities risks. These factors are propelling the growth of the on-premise sub-segment.

By application, the high school sub-segment dominated the global K12 education market share in 2021. Many educational systems throughout the world has standardized that a child receives at least the primary and secondary levels of education. Within primary and high school education, gamification is one of the most prevalent trends among online education providers to encourage learning through immersive experiences. Simulation of concepts, level advancement badges, and incentive-based learning drive user engagement on online education platforms. Online learning players nowadays are continuously competing to offer differentiated products to the target audiences, mostly by offering value added services with regular courses.

By spend analysis, the hardware sub-segment dominated the global K12 education market share in 2021. E-learning content providers deliver online course libraries and virtual training labs to individuals and enterprises. Course libraries are organized around subjects, commonly leadership and compliance related topics and competencies. Some of the major players in the industry are Udemy, LinkedIn Learning, Coursera, and others.

By region, North America dominated the global market in 2021. North America is dominating region in the K12 education market owing to the increase in demand for distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has forced various organizations to adopt digital solutions in a bid to train frontline workers, which in turn, fuels the growth of the market. The U.S. is expected to be a major contributor to the market owing to the availability of high-speed Internet and the advent of the 5G network. In addition, the 5G network enables service provider to improve learning through the incorporation of AR & VR technologies that require a high-speed Internet connection for effective operation. Moreover, technological advancement in digital infrastructure in the U.S. and Canada is likely to boost the North America K12 education market.

Impact of COVID-19 

• The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted almost every facet of life, including schooling. Many issues arose as educators transitioned from traditional face-to-face learning to digital platforms for remote teaching, necessitating quick responses and adjustments to policy and procedures in order to deliver equitable and suitable remote learning to all students.
• The majority of the countries, including the U.S., closed their schools in March 2020, as lockdown protocols were created to stop the virus's spread. During the COVID-19 pandemic, children in schools had to attend coursework online.
• In post-pandemic period, governments of various countries all over the world are working to create open-source eLearning programs so that all children, despite their technical restrictions, can obtain an education

Key Benefits for Stakeholders

• This report provides a quantitative analysis of the market segments, current trends, estimations, and dynamics of the k12 education market analysis from 2021 to 2031 to identify the prevailing k12 education market opportunities.
• The market research is offered along with information related to key drivers, restraints, and opportunities.
• Porter's five forces analysis highlights the potency of buyers and suppliers to enable stakeholders make profit-oriented business decisions and strengthen their supplier-buyer network.
• In-depth analysis of the k12 education market segmentation assists to determine the prevailing market opportunities.
• Major countries in each region are mapped according to their revenue contribution to the global market.
• Market player positioning facilitates benchmarking and provides a clear understanding of the present position of the market players.
• The report includes the analysis of the regional as well as global k12 education market trends, key players, market segments, application areas, and market growth strategies.

  K12 Education Market Report Highlights

Analyst Review

The K12 education industry is anticipated to experience considerable growth in the coming years due to the rise in demand for K12 Education in both private and public education systems. The K12 education system is growing majorly due to the rapid growth in the adoption of portable devices that make it easy to gain knowledge and engage in social activities. Moreover, mobile devices are becoming popular for smart learning. However, for students, e-learning systems are more time- and money-efficient. Learners now have the convenience of education regardless of time or place owing to e-learning systems. These factors are expected to significantly drive the K12 education market growth during the forecast period. In addition, students can arrange their class schedules to suit their needs and lifestyle. This factor motivates people of all ages to adopt e-learning systems. This factor offers enormous growth prospects for the key players operating in the K12 education sector.

Asia-Pacific is anticipated to grow at the fastest CAGR during the forecast period frame. The K–12 education sector is expanding quickly in this region as the students are mostly preferring online learning. The education sector in several countries such as China, India, Indonesia, and Malaysia are making their full K–12 curriculum available online.

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The major growth strategies adopted by K12 education market players are investment and mergers & acquisitions.

Growth in the adoption of smartphones and digital devices in developing countries has been benefitting the K12 education market. Almost 500 million out of 2.8 billion subscribers in Asia-Pacific were enrolled in less than 5 years. This growth rate is expected to continue further and suggests strong growth potential for related services like e-learning platforms across the globe.

Asia-Pacific will provide more business opportunities for the global K12 education market in the future.

Edtech companies are the major customers in the global K12 education market.

McGraw-Hill Education, Pearson Education Inc., Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd. are the major players in the K12 education market.

The report provides an extensive qualitative and quantitative analysis of the current trends and future estimations of the global K12 education market from 2022 to 2031 to determine the prevailing opportunities.

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K12 Education Market

Global Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast, 2021-2031

Online Education - United States

• United States
• Revenue in the Online Education market is projected to reach US$87.51bn in 2024.
• Revenue is expected to show an annual growth rate (CAGR 2024-2028) of 11.05%, resulting in a projected market volume of US$133.10bn by 2028.
• The Online University Education market has a projected market volume of US$82.30bn in 2024.
• In global comparison, most revenue will be generated in the United States (US$87,510.00m in 2024).
• The average revenue per user (ARPU) in the Online Education market is projected to amount to US$1.45k in 2024.
• In the Online Education market, the number of users is expected to amount to 82.7m users by 2028.
• User penetration in the Online Education market will be at 17.8% in 2024.

Key regions: United States , China , Asia , Japan , Germany

Definition:

Additional Information

• University designed and delivered courses and credentials such as public/private universities, Harvard Business Online
• Online learning platform courses and credentials such as Coursera, Udemy, Babbel
• Professional certification offered through institutes and study prep companies such as PMI, Kaplan.

out-of-scope

• Learning management systems
• Virtual learning environments
• Exclusively B2B companies
• Sport Events
• Music Events
• Cinema Tickets
• Matchmaking
• Online Dating
• Casual Dating
• Online University Education
• Online Learning Platforms
• Professional Certificates
• Online Sports Betting
• Online Casinos
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The Online Education market in the United States has been experiencing significant growth in recent years. Customer preferences: One of the main reasons for the growth in the Online Education market in the United States is the increasing preference for flexible learning options. Many individuals, including working professionals and students, are looking for ways to enhance their skills or pursue higher education without the constraints of traditional classroom-based learning. Online education provides the flexibility to study at one's own pace and from any location, making it an attractive option for many. Trends in the market: Another trend driving the growth of the Online Education market in the United States is the increasing availability of high-quality online courses and programs. Universities and educational institutions have recognized the potential of online education and have started offering a wide range of courses and degree programs online. This has made education more accessible to a larger population, including those who may not have the means or opportunity to attend a physical university. Furthermore, technological advancements have played a crucial role in the development of the Online Education market in the United States. The widespread availability of high-speed internet and the proliferation of smartphones and tablets have made it easier for individuals to access online educational content. This has opened up new opportunities for online education providers to reach a larger audience and deliver their courses through user-friendly platforms. Local special circumstances: The United States has a highly developed education system, with a large number of prestigious universities and colleges. However, the cost of education in the country is often a barrier for many individuals. Online education provides a more affordable alternative, allowing students to pursue their educational goals without incurring significant debt. This affordability factor has contributed to the popularity of online education in the United States. Underlying macroeconomic factors: The strong economy of the United States has also played a role in the growth of the Online Education market. With a thriving job market and increasing competition for skilled workers, individuals are seeking ways to improve their qualifications and stay competitive in the job market. Online education offers a convenient and cost-effective way to acquire new skills or obtain a degree, making it an attractive option for many. In conclusion, the Online Education market in the United States is experiencing significant growth due to customer preferences for flexible learning options, the increasing availability of high-quality online courses, technological advancements, the affordability of online education, and the strong economy. These factors have contributed to the popularity and success of online education in the United States, and the market is expected to continue to grow in the coming years.

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“Ignorance, allied with power, is the most ferocious enemy justice can have.” — James Baldwin

The African American writer James Baldwin, one of America’s preeminent 20th century public intellectuals, spoke eloquently of the importance of protecting academic freedom and a liberal education on America’s colleges and universities. Baldwin wrote:

“The paradox of education is precisely this — that as one begins to become conscious one begins to examine the society in which he is being educated. The purpose of education, finally, is to create in a person the ability to look at the world for himself, to make his own decisions, to say to himself this is black or this is white, to decide for himself whether there is a God in heaven or not. To ask questions of the universe, and then learn to live with those questions, is the way he achieves his own identity. But no society is really anxious to have that kind of person around. What societies really, ideally, want is a citizenry which will simply obey the rules of society. If a society succeeds in this, that society is about to perish.”

Baldwin’s warnings resonate loudly to those of us who have committed our lives to higher education in the state of Florida. Gov. DeSantis and the Republican-dominated Legislature have systematically limited our students’ ability to question the status quo and achieve their own identity. DeSantis has complained about so-called liberal political indoctrination and “gender ideology” being inflicted on students. The public is given the view that there is a monolithic, highly politicized elite in our colleges and universities attempting to enforce a “woke” politically correct view of human life which is subverting traditional values. This highly charged political attack is profoundly false.

The Florida government’s harmful actions have been well-documented by numerous organizations and scholars, and include: the hostile takeover of New College; defunding of diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) programs; bullying of students and educators supportive of LGBTQ+ people; and attacking the academic fields of sociology and women’s and gender studies.

The governor has, in particular, targeted transgender students, immigrants, school board members, higher education curriculum, accreditation and tenure. According to the American Association of University Professors (AAUP), all of this has resulted in the “undoing (of) 40 years of civil rights legislation and practice toward greater equality and justice for African Americans, immigrants, women, and LGBTQ+ people.” In response to the eliminating of DEI programs, the NAACP has urged Black student athletes to reconsider attending public colleges and universities in Florida.

In addition, Florida leaders don’t want students to question a version of American history filled with romantic notions of our country’s history. HB 7, known as the “anti-woke bill,” specifically undermines academic freedom and instead demands professors adhere to political indoctrination and a strict conservative ideological agenda. The law prohibits “teaching certain topics or presenting information in specified ways” and bans teaching that “systemic racism, sexism, oppression, and privilege are inherent in the institutions of the United States.” While the law is being challenged in courts, it has already succeeded in chilling and limiting the free exchange of ideas at colleges throughout Florida. The AAUP has characterized Florida’s actions as a “political and ideologically driven assault unparalleled in U.S. history that threatens the very survival of meaningful higher education in the state, with dire implications for the entire country.”

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For those of us who believe in the fundamental link between an educated citizenry and democracy, the fight to reverse these pernicious actions and reestablish academic freedom in Florida remains a top priority. If we become complacent, Baldwin will unfortunately turn out to be correct and our democracy could perish. Universities play a vital role in teaching students to be able to distinguish between reasoned argument versus indoctrination. Democracy depends on an educated and informed citizenry able to make a distinction between cogent rational analysis as opposed to demagoguery and political opportunism.

To be clear: A “liberal” education does not mean an education that indoctrinates students in either the values of political liberalism or economic neoliberalism. Rather the word “liberal” within academics derives from the Latin word liber and the Greek word eleutheros, both meaning “free.” The liberal educational tradition thus celebrates and nurtures human freedom. Students are asked to develop the capacity to critically examine oneself and one’s tradition. This means accepting no belief as authoritative simply because it has been passed down by tradition or promoted by a governor or a college professor. All theories and ideas must be freely discussed and debated, including controversial approaches such as Critical Race Theory and structural racism. Ideas, theories and beliefs are thus accepted or rejected solely on the basis of reasoned argument, valid explanation and verified facts.

As teachers of the liberal arts, we expose our students to timeless themes on human nature that have guided humanity for hundreds of years. The writings and ideas of some of the major thinkers in human history (for example, Aristotle, Mencius, Shakespeare, Du Bois and so on) are placed in conversation with new 21st century topics of critical importance to American today.

As a professor for more than 30 years, I attempted to help students develop empathy and to try to understand what it might be like to experience life from a position other than one’s own. To accomplish this goal, new topics emerged, including the history and culture of non-Western peoples, the treatment of ethnic and racial minorities within the U.S., the experiences and achievements of women, the history and concerns of LGBTQ+ people and the idea of global citizenship. A liberal arts education helps students become aware of the connections we have to other people and the obligations within our democracy to use that knowledge responsibly.

It was fascinating to hear Baldwin say that reading Charles Dickens “taught me that the things that tormented me most were the very things that connected me with all the people who were alive, or who had been alive.” Through reading Dickens, Baldwin was able to identify the commonalities between the position of the poor and disposed throughout history and connect them to the struggles of African Americans in his lifetime.

This identification of our common humanity across time and space, through reading the classic enduring works such as Dickens, is a powerful example of the impact of a liberal education. DeSantis often seems to imply that assigning the writings of queer authors like Baldwin is inflicting “gender ideology” on students. This is nonsense. Baldwin remains a stirring example of a liberal intellectual helping us better understand our world. Such knowledge makes us all enhanced citizens and strengthens our democracy.

William F. Felice is professor emeritus of political science at Eckerd College He is the author of six books on human rights and international relations. Contact him via his website at williamfelice.com .

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Ch. 8 The Development of Russia

Ivan the terrible, learning objective.

• Outline the key points of Ivan IV’s policies and examine the positive and negative aspects of his rule
• Ivan IV is often known as Ivan the Terrible, even though the more correct translation is akin to Ivan the Fearsome or Ivan the Awesome.
• Ivan IV was the first Rus’ prince to title himself “Tsar of All the Russias” beginning the long tradition of rule under the tsars.
• Lands in the Crimea, Siberia, and modern-day Tatarstan were all subsumed into Russian lands under Ivan IV.
• The persecution of the boyars during Ivan IV’s reign began under the harsh regulations of the oprichnina.

A state policy enacted by Ivan IV that made him absolute monarch of much of the north and hailed in an era of boyar persecution. Ivan IV successfully grabbed large chunks of land from the nobility and created his own personal guard, the oprichniki, during this era.

Moscow Print Yard

The first publishing house in Russia, which was opened in 1553.

A member of the feudal ruling elite who was second only to the princes in Russian territories.

Ivan IV Vasileyevich is widely known as Ivan the Terrible or Ivan the Fearsome. He was the Grand Prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547 and reigned as the “Tsar of all the Russias” from 1547 until he died in 1584. His complex years in power precipitated military conquests, including Kazan and Astrakhan, that changed the shape and demographic character of Russia forever. He also reshaped the political formation of the Russian state, oversaw a cultural Renaissance in Russia, and shifted power to the head of state, the tsar, a title that had never before been given to a prince in the Rus’ lands.

Rise to Power

Ivan IV was born in 1530 to Vasili III and Elena Glinskaya. He was three when he was named the Grand Prince of Moscow after his father’s death. Some say his years as the child vice-regent of Moscow under manipulative boyar powers shaped his views for life. In 1547, at the age of sixteen, he was crowned “Tsar of All the Russias” and was the first person to be coronated with that title. This title claimed the heritage of Kievan Rus’ while firmly establishing a new unified Russian state. He also married Anastasia Romanovna, which tied him to the powerful Romanov family.

18th-century portrait of Ivan IV. Images of Ivan IV often display a prominent brow and a frowning mouth.

Domestic Innovations and Changes

Despite Ivan IV’s reputation as a paranoid and moody ruler, he also contributed to the cultural and political shifts that would shape Russia for centuries. Among these initial changes in relatively peaceful times he:

• Revised the law code, the Sudebnik of 1550, which initiated a standing army, known as the streltsy. This army would help him in future military conquests.
• Developed the Zemsky Sobor, a Russian parliament, along with the council of the nobles, known as the Chosen Council.
• Regulated the Church more effectively with the Council of the Hundred Chapters, which regulated Church traditions and the hierarchy.
• Established the Moscow Print Yard in 1553 and brought the first printing press to Russia.
• Oversaw the construction of St. Basil’s Cathedral in Moscow.

St. Basil’s Cathedral. This iconic structure was one cultural accomplishment created under Ivan IV’s rule.

Oprichnina and Absolute Monarchy

The 1560s were difficult with Russia facing drought and famine, along with a number of Tatar invasions, and a sea-trading blockade from the Swedes and Poles. Ivan IV’s wife, Anastasia, was also likely poisoned and died in 1560, leaving Ivan shaken and, some sources say, mentally unstable. Ivan IV threatened to abdicate and fled from Moscow in 1564. However, a group of boyars went to beg Ivan to return in order to keep the peace. Ivan agreed to return with the understanding he would be granted absolute power and then instituted what is known as the oprichnina.

1911 painting by Apollinary Vasnetsov. This painting represents people fleeing from the Oprichniki, the secret service and military oppressors of Ivan IV’s reign.

This agreement changed the way the Russian state worked and began an era of oppression, executions, and state surveillance. It split the Russian lands into two distinct spheres, with the northern region around the former Novgorod Republic placed under the absolute power of Ivan IV. The boyar council oversaw the rest of the Russian lands. This new proclamation also started a wave of persecution and against the boyars. Ivan IV executed, exiled, or forcibly removed hundreds of boyars from power, solidifying his legacy as a paranoid and unstable ruler.

Military Conquests and Foreign Relations

Ivan IV established a powerful trade agreement with England and even asked for asylum, should he need it in his fights with the boyars, from Elizabeth I. However, Ivan IV’s greatest legacy remains his conquests, which reshaped Russia and pushed back Tatar powers who had been dominating and invading the region for centuries.

His first conquest was the Kazan Khanate, which had been raiding the northeast region of Russia for decades. This territory sits in modern-day Tatarstan. A faction of Russian supporters were already rising up in the region but Ivan IV led his army of 150,000 to battle in June of 1552. After months of siege and blocking Kazan’s water supply, the city fell in October. The conquest of the entire Kazan Khanate reshaped relations between the nomadic people and the Russian state. It also created a more diverse population under the fold of the Russian state and the Church.

Ivan IV also embarked on the Livonian War, which lasted 24 years. The war pitted Russia against the Swedish Empire, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and Poland. The Polish leader, Stefan Batory, was an ally of the Ottoman Empire in the south, which was also in a tug-of-war with Russia over territory. These two powerful entities on each edge of Russian lands, and the prolonged wars, left the economy in Moscow strained and Russian resources scarce in the 1570s.

Ivan IV also oversaw two decisive territorial victories during his reign. The first was the defeat of the Crimean horde, which meant the southern lands were once again under Russian leadership. The second expansion of Russian territory was headed by Cossack leader Yermak Timofeyevich. He led expeditions into Siberian territories that had never been under Russian rule. Between 1577 and 1580 many new Siberian regions had reached agreements with Russian leaders, allowing Ivan IV to style himself “Tsar of Siberia” in his last years.

Ivan IV’s throne. This decadent throne mirrors Ivan the Terrible’s love of power and opulence.

Madness and Legacy

Ivan IV left behind a compelling and contradictory legacy. Even his nickname “terrible” is a source for confusion. In Russian the word grozny means “awesome,” “powerful” or “thundering,” rather than “terrible” or “mad.” However, Ivan IV often behaved in ruthless and paranoid ways that favors the less flattering interpretation. He persecuted the long-ruling boyars and often accused people of attempting to murder him (which makes some sense when you look at his family’s history). His often reckless foreign policies, such as the drawn out Livonian War, left the economy unstable and fertile lands a wreck. Legend also suggests he murdered his son Ivan Ivanovich, whom he had groomed for the throne, in 1581, leaving the throne to his childless son Feodor Ivanovich. However, his dedication to culture and innovation reshaped Russia and solidified its place in the East.

• Boundless World History. Authored by : Boundless. Located at : https://www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/ . License : CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike

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What the National Association of Realtors' settlement means for consumers and real estate brokers

A groundbreaking $418 million settlement announced Friday by the powerful National Association of Realtors is set to usher in the most sweeping reforms the American real estate market has seen in a century. It could dramatically drive down homebuyers’ costs — and push some real estate brokers out of business.

Here’s a look at how we got here and what to expect in the months ahead.

NAR already lost a big case

For decades, the NAR has required home sale listing brokers to provide an offer of compensation to a buyer’s agent up front. That usually comes out to about 6%, split between a seller’s broker and a buyer’s agent.

But that model has come under intensifying scrutiny from critics who have likened it to a cartel . Late last year, a jury in a Kansas City federal court found the longstanding practice to be a form of collusion that artificially inflated real estate fees, awarding a massive $1. 7 8 billion judgment against NAR .

What changes now for homebuyers and sellers

If the settlement announced Friday is approved by a federal court, the standard 6% commission goes away. Sellers would no longer have to make a compensation proposal to prospective buyers and their agents. Critics have said the encouraged brokers to push their clients toward more expensive properties.

Another new rule would see homebuyers having to sign an explicit deal with a broker before they start working with one — something experts say would lead many homebuyers to forgo using brokers entirely.

The new rules would kick in within months of approval, currently expected around mid-July.

What about the next few months?

Everyone involved in the market should expect “a certain amount of uncertainty for the coming months,” said Marty Green, principal at mortgage law firm Polunsky Beitel Green.

“The industry will be in transition as everyone digests the settlements and market forces begin working,” he predicted. “We will begin to see some creative buyer’s agent arrangements that may have been harder to get traction on before.”

Home buyers and their agents will need to decide on a commission and put it in writing. Sellers, likewise, will need to work carefully with their listing agents as the new rules come into effect.

U.S. consumers might save in the long run ...

The changes could mean buyers will save on commissions, eventually bringing U.S. fees more in line with the much lower transaction costs seen in other residential property markets around the world.

Some commissions could even be cut in half, Jaret Seiberg, housing policy analyst for TD Cowen Washington Research Group, told clients in a note Friday.

The new rules “should lead to commissions falling 25% to 50%, which we view as benefiting online real estate brokers,” Seiberg wrote, but he warned it’s too early to declare “the end of local real estate agents given their local expertise and reputation in neighborhoods. It is why we do not see this following the travel agency model in which online eclipsed local offices.”

... but buyers could face more confusion

Holden Lewis, a home and mortgage expert at NerdWallet, warned of a “potential negative trade-off”: “Buyer-seller negotiations will become more complex, and buyers with plenty of cash might navigate the process more easily than buyers who don’t have a lot of savings,” he said. Seiberg flagged a similar concern in his note, saying it could particularly affect first-time buyers with limited means to pay for an agent.

Brokers and agents have come out against the settlement, saying it will make the home-buying process more byzantine for consumers and discounts the important role agents play in helping them navigate it.

“I’m a full-service real estate agent, so when I go to list my client’s house, I align their goals with my goal, and that goal is selling for the highest amount possible,” said Roy Remick, a realtor based in Northern Virginia, who said he often pays thousands of dollars of his own for services like staging homes to aid the sale process.

“This is ultimately someone saying, ‘You guys make too much money,’ which I don’t think is right for someone to dictate,” he said.

Buyers’ agents will be left “flying blind” since they won’t know how much they’ll end up making from a given home, Remick warned. “We’ll have to make a bunch of phone calls, because now we don’t know what [the commission] is because we can’t see it in the MLS. But we’ve already got an agreement with buyer how much they’ll be able to compensate us.”

Christine Romans is the senior business correspondent at NBC News.

Rob Wile is a breaking business news reporter for NBC News Digital.

U.S. fully bans asbestos, which kills 40,000 a year

The agency is prohibiting imports of chrysotile asbestos, the only form of the cancer-causing mineral that u.s. industry still uses.

After three decades of attempts, the Environmental Protection Agency has banned the only form of asbestos still in use — part of a family of toxic minerals linked to lung cancer and other illnesses that cause about 40,000 U.S. deaths each year, the agency says.

The EPA on Monday formally prohibited the import and use of chrysotile asbestos, the last type of asbestos that U.S. industries use. The ban comes 33 years after a federal judge blocked the agency’s initial attempt to ban the cancer-causing mineral. While the use of asbestos has declined since, it remains a significant health threat.

“Folks, it’s been a long road. But with today’s ban, EPA is finally slamming the door on a chemical so dangerous that it has been banned in more than 50 countries,” said EPA Administrator Michael Regan.

The agency’s ban targets chrysotile asbestos, also known as “white asbestos,” the only one of the six forms of the mineral still being used in the United States. Resistant to heat and fire, the mineral’s use in the United States is limited to a small number of products, including automotive parts, sheet gaskets and brake blocks for use in the oil industry. Chemical manufacturers have also defended its continued use in making chlorine, which is used in pharmaceuticals, pesticides and to purify drinking water.

Asbestos use peaked in the United States in the 1970s, when more than 800,000 tons were used annually in manufacturing. In recent years, fewer than 1,000 tons of asbestos fiber have been imported annually. About 70 countries have banned chrysotile asbestos — the United States was one of few industrialized nations that still allowed it. But efforts by asbestos-exporting countries to preserve the international market have kept the mineral in wide use in developing countries. Russia is the world’s biggest chrysotile producer. China and India are the biggest consumers.

Drexel University Professor Arthur Frank, an expert on the dangers of asbestos exposure, said that while the EPA’s new rule is a step forward, other countries have gone much further by completely banning imports of products containing all types of asbestos.

“No other country has this kind of partial ban,” he said. “You just can’t use the stuff, period. End of story. We’re taking kind of half measures.”

Michal Freedhoff, who heads chemical safety and pollution prevention for the EPA, called the ban historic, saying it is the first time the nation’s updated chemical safety law has been used to outlaw a dangerous substance. That law, the Toxic Substances Control Act, was so weakened by the federal court’s decision in 1991 allowing continued asbestos imports and use that “it was rendered almost powerless to protect the people who needed protecting the most,” Freedhoff said.

In 2016, America’s long delay in confronting asbestos prompted bipartisan concern among members of Congress, who voted to overhaul the law, giving the EPA sweeping new authority to protect people from toxins.

Yet years passed with little action. When the Trump administration came to power, it shrank the agency’s staff, leaving the chemical safety office too small, underfunded and demoralized to accomplish its mission.

Finally banning asbestos was at the top of Freedhoff’s to-do list when she became the agency’s top chemical regulator in 2021. As a congressional staffer, she had helped write the 2016 legislation. On a call with reporters Monday, she described the new rule as “a symbol of how the new law can and must be used to protect people.”

The trade group representing the chlorine industry, the American Chemistry Council, has staunchly opposed the administration’s proposed ban since it was announced two years ago on the grounds that chrysotile asbestos is still used by about a third of U.S. chlor-alkali plants that produce chlorine. The industry group warned that banning this form of asbestos would make it difficult for water utilities to buy chlorine, threatening the safety of the nation’s drinking water.

Freedhoff said that once the EPA decided some of those concerns were valid, it changed its original enforcement timeline. Instead of having two years to phase out the asbestos diaphragms used to make chlorine and sodium hydroxide, the eight American companies that still use this technology will have five years, or in some cases more, to switch to alternatives. Yet imports of new asbestos diaphragms will be prohibited immediately once the rule takes effect, 60 days after it appears in the Federal Register.

Imports of asbestos-containing brake blocks and aftermarket automotive brakes, which have exposed car mechanics to the deadly airborne fibers, will be phased out after six months. And asbestos gaskets will be banned after two years.

While the change in compliance dates was a concession to chlorine manufacturers, most of which have already transitioned away from asbestos-based technology, the chemical industry did not greet it with enthusiasm.

In a statement, Steve Risotto, the American Chemistry Council’s senior director of chemical protects and technology, said supply chain bottlenecks and contractor shortages meant the industry needed more time to comply. “ACC has consistently advocated that a 15-year transition period is needed to support an orderly transition and to avoid a significant disruption of chlorine and sodium hydroxide supplies,” he said.

Environmental and public health advocates praised the new rule and urged the Biden administration to go further by addressing the other types of asbestos, arguing that anything less than a full ban doesn’t protect public health.

“I don’t want to be a Debbie Downer, but we’re not done,” said Linda Reinstein, president of the Asbestos Disease Awareness Organization. In 2006, her husband died of mesothelioma, a cancer closely tied to asbestos exposure.

Wary of federal rules that can be overturned by courts or weakened by future administrations, Reinstein is advocating for legislation that would outlaw all asbestos fibers and all uses. She’s skeptical of the EPA’s claim that chrysotile asbestos is the only form in use in the United States today.

“If you haven’t done product testing, if you haven’t searched for asbestos in consumer products, then you don’t know if it’s not being used,” she said, adding that, over a decade ago, laboratory testing conducted at her group’s behest identified five products with different combinations of asbestos fibers, including a children’s toy.

Although the use of asbestos has declined, in large part because of liability fears, construction workers, firefighters, paramedics and others who spend time in old buildings are still being exposed. Once building materials containing asbestos are demolished or otherwise disturbed, the mineral’s fibers can stick to skin and clothing, ultimately finding their way into people’s lungs. There is even a name, “asbestosis,” for a chronic lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos.