Hiring a Business Plan Writer? Here's What You Need to Know

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Defining Business Plan Writing

Transitioning into the world of business plan writers, who are business plan writers, how can business plan writers help your business, identifying a good business plan writer, cost of a project by a business plan writer, business plan writer article, deliverables from a business plan writer, working remotely with a business plan writer, pros and cons of local vs. remote business plan writers, pros and cons of freelance vs. agency business plan writers, final thoughts and recommendations, hire an expert business plan writer on freelancer.com.

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Hire Freelance Business Plan Consultants

Aleksey N. Krylov, CFA, Independent Business Plan Expert.

Aleksey N. Krylov, CFA

Aleksey served in CFO roles of public and VC-backed private companies. As an investor, he contributed to 25+ private equity deals that have deployed $500 million. He has advised 50+ clients on raising $1.6 billion in equity in the healthcare, consumer, media, software, energy, and industrial sectors. Aleksey enjoys working with officers of early-stage and mature small-cap firms, and he freelances because it exposes him to a wide range of companies.

Previously at

Ftera Advisors

Josh Chapman, Independent Business Plan Consultant.

Josh Chapman

Josh is an investment banker turned VC who lives in Denver, CO. At Morgan Stanley, he covered the world's top hedge funds and sold over $5 billion in IPOs for companies like Alibaba, LendingClub, GrubHub, and more. He also has experience in M&A, startup fundraising, and as a founder. Currently, Josh is one of the managing partners of Konvoy Ventures, a VC firm focused on esports and video gaming.

Konvoy Ventures (VC Firm)

Gary Calnan, Top Business Plan Consultant.

Gary Calnan

Gary is a serial entrepreneur with CEO and CFO experience. Before co-founding an aerospace startup in 2017, Gary was the director of finance at a $120 million revenue SaaS company, where he was responsible for the financial management of multiple departments and supported three mergers. Gary leverages his unique blend of finance and entrepreneurial experience across early and growth-stage businesses to add value to Toptal clients.

CisLunar Industries

Marc Howland, Independent Business Plan Specialist.

Marc Howland

Marc is a Harvard Business School graduate with honors, a former investment banker from Goldman Sachs, and private equity investor at The Carlyle Group. He has helped execute more than $70 billion worth of global M&A and financing transactions in the tech, media, telecom, infrastructure and sports facility finance markets. Marc enjoys freelancing to contribute his knowledge and skills to others while working on his own early-stage ventures.

Keyturn Pbc

Travis Borden, Business Plan Expert For Hire.

Travis Borden

Travis was part of the founding team at Moelis & Co., a $2.5 billion global investment bank, and has 18 years of experience advising clients on $40+ billion of M&A, capital raising, and restructuring transactions. In 2015, he founded a socially responsible advisory firm, Keene Advisors, named "Best for the World" 2017-2019. Travis joined Toptal to expand his network and share his expertise advising companies from startups to Fortune 500 firms.

Keene Advisors

Andy Vietor, Business Plan Specialist For Hire.

Andy Vietor

Andy was recognized twice as an All-Star Analyst by the Wall Street Journal. He has been a strategist, operating executive, financier, and top-ranked industry analyst. As a freelancer, Andy advises a range of companies—from early-stage and middle-market to large caps—delivering customized solutions including effective investor presentations, dynamic financial models, and project finance structuring.

Hamilton Clark Sustainable Capital, Inc.

Bertrand Deleuse, Freelance Business Plan Professional.

Bertrand Deleuse

Bertrand is a 25-year finance veteran with a true 360 experience, honed as an investment banker, venture advisor, project developer, CFO, and expert witness consultant in international arbitrations. He has advised and partnered on over 100 transactions and investment initiatives totaling over $16 billion. Bertrand is a seasoned problem solver and decision-maker with expert facilitation skills. Bertrand advises on M&A, corporate development, venture growth, project development, and financing.

Quadrant Economics

Olivia Passoni, Business Plan Consultant.

Olivia Passoni

Olivia has over a decade of advisory experience, specializing in valuation, financial and business planning, M&A, capital raising, and due diligence. She has advised business owners globally on financial planning and strategy optimization during the fundraising and exit process. Olivia also works with investors for portfolio valuation work, the development of fund models, and due diligence. She is a Certified Valuation Analyst and is specialized in early-stage valuations.

Valithea OÜ

Andrew Grigolyunovich, CFA, CFM, Expert in Business Plan.

Andrew Grigolyunovich, CFA, CFM

Andrew ranked fifth at the 2017 Financial Modeling World Championships. He served as CFO for Latvia’s leading retailer for seven years, navigating the firm through the global financial crisis and executing a turnaround that led to profitability and international expansion. He went on to freelance consulting, growing his client base to 250+ in 17 countries. Andrew joined Toptal to work with clients on FP&A, financial modeling, and M&A.

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A Hiring Guide

Guide to hiring a great business plan consultant.

Business plan consultants help define the long- and short-term goals of a business and draw up an action plan to achieve these goals. This guide provides a breakdown of the key skills and attributes you'll want in a business plan consultant.

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Martin so far is a complete Rockstar. His first bit of work produced a tool for us to model and forecast our financials and is far and away worth every penny we paid and more. Just thought I’d share that with you. Pete Pellizzari, CEO Budder, Inc.
Erik has been an extremely valuable member of our team who has tremendous breath of experience with start ups in our lifecycle phase. What makes his contribution unique and highly effective is not only his excellent financial modeling skills and knowledge, but also the emotional intelligence with which he manages each relationship at Vault, understands our team dynamics, and helps us tackle start up challenges effectively. It is rare to find a part-time consultant who makes you feel like he/she is genuinely invested in the success of your company. Romy Parzick, COO Student Loan Benefits, Inc. dba Vault
Toptal has been an incredible key partner for Sidekick. As an early-stage start-up, we’ve leveraged both design and financial talent. The experience has been incredible, with those professionals bringing creativity, expertise, and advice to ensure Sidekick succeeds. My Toptal financial expert helped steer Sidekick’s business model, which resulted in an initial ROI of 650x! My experience with Toptal has given me great confidence in the future. Doug MacKay, Founder / CEO SideKick
Chris was great to work with and was always available on my schedule. His communication skills and personality were a 10/10. His outputs on the project were top notch and allowed us to develop more efficient forecasting and initiative prioritization frameworks. I would definitely use Chris again. Chris Pozek, CEO Veterans Rideshare
What really sets Toptal apart is the caliber of finance talent available in their network. I had a very specific and pressing need, and Toptal quickly matched me with the perfect person for the job. The expert produced a thoughtful and robust financial analysis that has ultimately allowed us to forecast and prioritize initiatives much more efficiently. Chris Pozek, CEO Veterans Rideshare
Scott had a lot of finance experience which he used to ask the right questions and help us do things more quickly than we would have done without him. The commission model is crucial to us being able to scale, he integrated seamlessly with our finance team and efficiently got us the outputs we needed. Naushad Parpia, Founder and CEO GSD
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How to Hire Business Plan Consultants through Toptal

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How are Toptal business plan consultants different?

At Toptal, we thoroughly screen our business plan consultants to ensure we only match you with talent of the highest caliber. Of the more than 200,000 people who apply to join the Toptal network each year, fewer than 3% make the cut. You’ll work with finance experts (never generalized recruiters or HR reps) to understand your goals, technical needs, and team dynamics. The end result: expert vetted talent from our network, custom matched to fit your business needs.

Can I hire business plan consultants in less than 48 hours through Toptal?

Depending on availability and how fast you can progress, you could start working with a business plan consultant within 48 hours of signing up.

What is the no-risk trial period for Toptal business plan consultants?

We make sure that each engagement between you and your business plan consultant begins with a trial period of up to two weeks. This means that you have time to confirm the engagement will be successful. If you’re completely satisfied with the results, we’ll bill you for the time and continue the engagement for as long as you’d like. If you’re not completely satisfied, you won’t be billed. From there, we can either part ways, or we can provide you with another expert who may be a better fit and with whom we will begin a second, no-risk trial.

How to Hire a Great Business Plan Consultant

A well-conceived business plan, rigorously researched and shared among stakeholders, is a key asset for businesses at any stage in their lifecycle. Effective cash flow management, sustainable growth, and successful strategic exits happen not by chance but through careful adherence to a business plan that’s based on a thorough analysis of the existing business and deep industry expertise.

Of course, a high-quality business plan is only as good as its writer. While business owners, C-level executives, and more senior employees need to provide input, it pays to have a third-party consultant assist in writing the initial plan or pressure test an existing plan. This business plan writer and consultant will serve as a combined industry expert, financial analyst, and senior advisor, drawing on their expertise to collect and analyze data, review the business’ financial model and underlying assumptions, and help the CEO think strategically about the direction of their business in areas of business strategy, marketing strategy, and more over the next three to five years.

In this hiring guide, we will address how to identify the right candidate for the business plan writing role and create the best environment for a successful engagement.

A visual display of some of the elements of business planning

Why Hire a Business Plan Consultant?

Below are some of the most common reasons for retaining a business plan consultant, alongside case studies to provide insight into how they can help your business achieve its goals.

Explore Growth Initiatives

Professional business plan consultants are often brought on to help executives identify the optimal ways to grow their business in the near-term. This shouldn’t simply be a matter of increasing sales or cutting costs, but a discussion of how to best allocate resources according to strategic priority. A next-level business plan consultant will not just evaluate existing options, but draw on their experience to suggest additional pathways to growth.

Case study: Cutting It Close, a B2C startup focused on razor blades, needs help writing their business plan to map out the next five years of major growth initiatives. They have limited bandwidth, and can’t decide how to prioritize between a set of potential initiatives: expanding to new geographies or aggressively renegotiating contracts with key suppliers. How would an expert business plan consultant approach writing the business plan, keeping these growth initiatives in mind?

In this case, an expert business plan consultant should consider these initiatives in the broader context of the business and its goals over the given time horizon. While expanding to new geographies may seem like a good idea, it shouldn’t be done at the expense of the business’ ability to pursue growth opportunities with a higher ROI that are more in line with existing operations (i.e., more easily attainable) unless there is a strong strategic reason for doing so. Of course, growth isn’t the sole priority—these ambitions should be scaled down considerably if the solvency of the business is at stake.

A business plan consultant should be able to:

  • Conduct a comprehensive competitor analysis to determine who major competitors are, which suppliers their competitors use, and which competitors are active in the new target markets and with target audiences.
  • Conduct customer research to determine demand for their existing products in new target markets and informally survey suppliers (if appropriate) to estimate potential cost reductions.
  • Think through a go-to-market strategy in the new geographies and suggest potential marketing channels or marketing plans (based on competitor and customer research as well as industry knowledge).
  • Build a financial model with financial projections that can toggle between different growth scenarios, providing you with the opportunity to see where your business will stand in three to five years if it expands to the new geographies (or if it does not) and if the business can realize a reduction in COGS from the renegotiated contracts (or not).
  • Propose and assess other growth strategies, such as switching to a subscription model or offering a new product line.

The above types of analysis would benefit from a familiarity with the consumer packaged goods industry. Additionally, the right candidate will likely have experience in conducting primary and secondary market research and in building dynamic financial models and financial plans.

Challenge Your Assumptions

An expert business plan consultant will not only provide solutions to the problem at hand but will help management look past the problem itself and pressure test all major assumptions. There will be times when getting another set of eyes on the problem will change the problem into something else entirely. One example of this is when GE engaged famed business consultant Ram Charan to discuss their plastics division . Charan identified that the Saudi public-private partnership SABIC was moving into the market and, given no strong competitive advantage in GE’s pocket, it was in GE’s best interests to sell the business entirely. While GE engaged a consultant with the goal of optimizing a division of their company, they ended up with a much different outcome.

Case Study: The Time Is Ripe, a startup that offers an app for determining when a given piece of fruit will achieve peak ripeness, as well as an online marketplace for the local sale and purchase of fruit, engages a business plan consultant to review their existing business plan. The business plan consultant quickly realizes that the company’s technology strategy is outdated and a serious liability to the company’s long-term prospects. What types of questions should a discerning business plan consultant focused on technology strategy bring to the conversation?

The types of questions that a skilled consultant should ask, divvied up by category, include:

  • Who are emerging competitors?
  • How is technology helping you win against traditional and new competitors?
  • How can you use technology to enter new markets?
  • Do you have the capabilities needed to drive full value from existing IT systems?
  • What are the weakest links in your capabilities? Do you have tech-literate management?
  • How does your customer experience compare with that of leaders in other sectors?
  • What will your customers expect in the future, and what will it take to give them an optimal experience?
  • Do you have clear plans for how to meet or exceed customer expectations?
  • What’s the existing plan for upgrading capabilities?
  • Does the business plan reflect the full potential of technology to enhance performance?
  • Is the overarching technology strategy spread out over a multiyear horizon, rather than just part of the annual IT budget?
  • Does the business plan reflect a portfolio of short-term P&L opportunities (e.g., upgrading digital channels), medium-term platform investments (e.g., customer database), and longer-term bets (e.g., a digitally enabled business model)?

Effective Cash Flow Management

Proper cash flow management is an enormous challenge for businesses of all sizes. Whether or not your business is profitable or poised for enormous growth quickly becomes irrelevant if the business becomes insolvent. The good news is that a recent HBR study showed that companies with formal business plans increase their chances of reaching positive cash flow by 16%. For more established businesses, good cash flow management is essential for reliably paying off debts and even in negotiating repayment terms, especially interest rates.

Case study: Builder Industrials, a U.S. company specializing in parts for heavy machinery used in the construction industry, is gearing up for a sale to private equity investors in the next 3 years. To prepare the business, management wants to rewrite their business plan to optimize for free cash flows going forward. What areas would you look into with this goal in mind?

In this instance, a business plan consultant could look at the following:

  • Compare the business’ existing cash flows to internal and external benchmarks in the industry. How does Builder Industrials compare on the basis of DSO, DPO, and DIO to other industrials companies in construction? If Builder Industrials is coming up short, these are areas for further analysis.
  • Review existing billing systems with an eye toward improving the cash conversion cycle. By speeding up billing and collection, the business will benefit from more timely and robust reporting, enabling the business to identify and close delinquent accounts as well as take advantage of supplier discounts.
  • Assess inventory to identify slow-moving items that are tying up cash, and determine if it is worth continuing to produce these items.

A business plan consultant should be able to take the above analysis and, working in tandem with management, determine where to focus the company’s efforts in order to optimize for free cash flow. In a situation like this, it would be useful to engage a business plan consultant who has experience working in private equity investing, working for a private equity portfolio company, or working in operations at an industrials company.

Explore Strategic Exits

Preparing for the eventual exit of your business broadly depends on the business itself being in good health, finding the right buyer, and favorable market conditions. Business plan consultants are invaluable resources when exploring potential exits due to their ability to forecast the performance of the business under a variety of operating scenarios.

Case study: The founder of Healthy Holdings, a medical device manufacturer, is getting on in age and plans to exit her business within the next 5 years. She has been approached by a few buyers, but is not ready to sell just yet. Prior to bringing investment banks into the process, she engages a business plan consultant to draw up plans to explore different options.

In this case, a business plan consultant will analyze a variety of exit options, including (depending on the business’ size) an IPO, acquisition by major competitor, merger, and family succession. These options can help inform the direction of the business in the near-term. For example, if a major competitor has gone on an acquiring spree, Healthy Holdings could focus on activities that will increase its attractiveness to that competitor.

After talking over which exits are the most appropriate for the business, the business plan consultant could then draw up different roadmaps, showing the founder what it would take to get the business ready for each type of exit. The business plan itself can serve as a document during a fundraise or sale, highlighting the opportunity to incoming investors and increasing the chance of a successful exit to the current owner.

The most effective business plan consultant for this type of engagement would be a high-level strategic thinker with experience selling companies. Deep financial analysis isn’t as important in this case as the ability to think creatively about maximizing the value of the business in a relatively short timeframe.

Skills to Look Out For

Hard skills to look out for.

Given the wide variety of functions that a business plan consultant can serve, it’s important to consider what specific experience may be necessary for the job at hand. In many cases, it’s the inability to answer that question that is driving you to hire a business plan consultant in the first place (that is, you’re not sure what area of the business needs the most attention). In these cases, you should look for someone with a broad skill set in financial analysis, financial modeling, data collection, and data analysis. This will ensure that the business plan consultant can build and maintain dynamic financial models as well as dig deeply into areas that need further investigation.

Soft Skills Need Also Apply

The ideal candidate should have experience in running or advising businesses, complementing their analytical skill set with the broad vision of a CEO. In order to conduct customer research and competitor analysis, they should have experience in analyzing and synthesizing research reports as well as in conducting primary research.

Ensuring a Successful Engagement

Once you have found the ideal candidate, make sure to spend the time to adequately onboard the expert to increase the chances of a positive experience and a successful engagement.

Here are a few suggestions about how to make this transition go smoothly:

1. Consider an Introductory Consultation to Establish the Project’s Scope

Prior to digging in with any deep analysis, working with the business plan consultant to determine the scope of the project could unveil areas of opportunity that you hadn’t considered (e.g., exploring different growth initiatives, looking into how an acquisition of a smaller competitor could fit into your business’ five-year roadmap). The purpose of writing a business plan is to explore many different paths for your business, so don’t limit yourself prior to even starting.

2. Ensure the Business Plan Consultant has the Resources They Need

The onboarding process should involve meetings with key employees who may inform the business plan consultant’s work. The consultant may need access to corporate documentation, reports, and financial systems, as well as introductions to key advisors or relationships (e.g., suppliers, customers).

3. Jointly Determine Milestones and Ask for a Project Plan

An expert business plan consultant will provide you with a project plan for the first few weeks of the assignment. If they don’t, make sure to ask for one. This will ensure that you and the consultant have agreement on the deliverables and timing of the project.

The best business plan consultants in the United States or abroad can provide enormous value in a relatively short amount of time, applying years of industry and financial expertise in order to benefit your business at critical inflection points. Given the impact that a carefully followed custom business plan will ultimately have on your business, make sure to do your diligence early and find the right consultant for your business. You should think of them as a numbers whiz and trusted advisor, someone who won’t be afraid to challenge your assumptions when needed, or roll up their sleeves and do the work that needs getting done.

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Top Business Plan Consultants are in High Demand.

  • Website Planet

9 Best Business Plan Writers for Hire: Growth & Success in 2024

Alexandros Melidoniotis

  • 9 Best Business Plan Writers for Hire

1. Green_lama – Affordable Business Plan Template

Green_lama Fiverr gig

2. Olayinka E. – Grant and Business Plan Writer Extraordinaire

Olayinka E. Upwork profile

3. David Bar – Professional Investor-Ready Business Planning

David Bar Fiverr gig page

4. Heena D. – Business Plan Writer and Finance Expert 

Heena D Upwork profile's

5. Aydin O. – Advisor and European Startup Expert

Aydin O. Fiverr gig page

6. Saurav R. – Experienced Business Strategist and Operations Manager

Saurav R. Upwork profile

7. Market Daisy – Digital Marketing & Growth Agency

Market Daisy Fiverr profile

  • 8. Kulzinder K. –  Versatile Business Plan Writer

Kulzinder K. Upwork profile

  • 9. Drsonyam: Popular Business Plan Template

Drsonyam Fiverr gig page

  • How To Hire a Business Plan Writer on Fiverr
  • Head to Fiverr, and once you see the big search bar in the middle of the page, type in “business plan writer.”

Fiverr homepage

  • At this point, Fiverr will prompt you to create an account (if you don’t have one already). Continue with your email or connect via your Google, Apple, or Facebook account.
  • If you need a business plan quickly or are on a strict budget, you can filter by budget and delivery time. To find the best freelancer for your needs, limit the results to sellers specializing in plans for specific business types – such as startups or nonprofits.

Fiverr search results for "business plan writer"

  • When you find a promising gig, click on it to see more. Scroll beyond the quick introductory description to learn more about the freelancers and see examples of past business plans.

Fiverr gig about section

  • Many business plan writers offer three-tiered gigs that give you some flexibility in terms of price and deliverables. Click the “ Compare Packages ” button to see which package suits you best.

comparing different gig packages on Fiverr

  • If you scroll further down, you’ll access the freelancer’s total review score and a couple of client comments about their skill, communication, and overall performance.

Fiverr freelancer reviews

  • On Fiverr, it’s common practice for clients to contact freelancers before placing an order. This is to ensure sellers understand the nature and scope of your project, which helps them deliver results without delay. Click the “ Contact Me ” button from the top of the profile page to open a chat window and discuss your business plan.
  • When you’re sure about your choice, click “ Continue .” Add any extras (e.g., extra-fast delivery, pitch deck) and follow Fiverr’s instructions to complete your payment and set your project requirements.

Fiverr add-ons

  • What To Look For in a Business Plan Writer
  • Industry Expertise. A writer with specific knowledge of your industry can provide invaluable insights, tailor the plan accordingly, and foresee potential challenges or opportunities.
  • Client Testimonials and Ratings. Reviews and ratings from past clients offer an unfiltered view into the writer’s capabilities, timeliness, and communication skills.
  • Samples and Portfolio. Always check a freelancer’s previous work to get a better sense of their work process and depth of analysis.
  • Cost and Turnaround Time. While quality is paramount, you must also consider your budget and timeframe. On Fiverr, it’s possible to get an affordable, high-quality, multi-year business plan delivered in less than 3 days.
  • Adaptability. A good business plan writer should be able to adjust to new information, feedback, or changes in direction, ensuring that the final plan meets your evolving needs.
  • Are You a Business Plan Writer Looking to Sell Your Services on Fiverr?
  • Make it to Fiverr’s homepage. Click the “ Become a Seller” button on the navigation bar.

Fiverr homepage

  • Create a new account. You can sign up with your email or connect instantly via Google, Apple, or Facebook.
  • Specify that you want to sell freelance services to bring up Fiverr’s quick setup guide. You’ll then choose an employment status (e.g., side hustler, solo freelancer, agency owner) and describe your freelancing experience. Click “ Finish ” to create your account.
  • Follow Fiverr’s in-app guide to complete your profile. You’ll get some tips on how to succeed on the platform, and you’ll have to fill out yet another brief form. For more tips and tricks, check out our Fiverr seller guide .

Fiverr seller introduction brief

  • Set up your first gig when prompted. Make sure to include a captivating thumbnail, and don’t forget to include images of previous business plans you’ve worked on in the past. Hit “ Publish ” and wait for your first order!
  • Fiverr and Upwork Are the Best for Hiring Business Plan Writers

How much does it cost to have someone write a business plan?

Who is the best person to write your business plan, how many hours does it take to write a business plan, what skills do business plan writers need.

freelance business plan writers

  • 1. Green_lama - Affordable Business Plan Template
  • 2. Olayinka E. - Grant and Business Plan Writer Extraordinaire
  • 3. David Bar - Professional Investor-Ready Business Planning
  • 4. Heena D. - Business Plan Writer and Finance Expert 
  • 5. Aydin O. - Advisor and European Startup Expert
  • 6. Saurav R. - Experienced Business Strategist and Operations Manager
  • 7. Market Daisy - Digital Marketing & Growth Agency

freelance business plan writers

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I am offering a business plan writing service which will allow for the simple and effective communication of the clients'' need to express their business idea in a formal plan. Aspects of the Business Plan will include: Executive Summary Financial Summary Company Overview Products and Services Competitors Target Market Market Overview Market Needs Strategy and Implementation Marketing Plan Financial Plan Personnel Plan Budget Financial Statements Balance Sheet Estimates Cash Flow Statement Revenu... View more

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Professional Business Plan Writers for Hire

A business plan is a blueprint that summarizes the operational and financial objectives of a business and contains processes and procedures that should be followed to obtain those objectives. Therefore, a business plan is the roadmap of a business. There are many professional business plan writers who have a master’s degree or related experience in business management and write business plans for others.

What Do Freelance Business Plan Writers Do ?

A business plan essentially has seven components – an executive summary, business description, market analysis, organization management, sales strategies, funding requirements, and financial projections. A business plan writer understands the client’s business model and draws up a rough summary. They may then proceed to conduct business feasibility studies, industry and market research, analyze competitors, and look for funding options. In some cases, a business plan writer may also help pitch the business plan to prospect investors for raising capital – both angel and venture capital.

A business plan writer may specialize in a sub-field of business plans, for example, some may have experience in writing business plans for a franchise model whereas others have expertise in writing business plans for a not-for-profit company. Besides writing business plans, these professionals can also help plan a business on the whole. Business planners help establish the business and identify and evaluate growth opportunities.

Business plan writers may be associated with content creation and management firm, and a lot of them also offer online freelance services. Hire business plan writers on Guru – one of the best websites to hire freelancers.

When looking for professional business plan writers, make sure your freelancer can:

Conduct multiple sessions with the client to fully comprehend the business idea.

Conduct industry and market research.

Conduct feasibility studies and suggest alterations in the business plan, if needed.

Liaise with other members of the management like the Chief Financial Officer and Sales and Marketing Head to incorporate their projections and targets.

Revise or make changes in the plan as and when needed.

Qualifications of Professional Business Plan Writers

It is ideal for your freelancer to have the following skills:

Professional education in Business Management Studies

Excellent research skills

Exceptional writing skills

Updated knowledge of business trends

Wide network

When choosing a freelance business plan writer, make sure to look at a few of the sample plans drafted by them, as it’ll give you a better idea about the capabilities of the writer.

Benefits of Hiring Freelance Business Plan Writing Services

Freelance business plan writers have the necessary expertise to draft clear and precise business plans that rouse interest in the prospective investor. They often know a number of investors and can, therefore, help float the business.

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Hire Top Business Plan Writers – in the United States

  • October 17, 2023

12 Min Read

Hiring a business plan writer

Are you looking to start a business, and need a business plan writing service in the United States? If yes, then voila here is the right place.

The United States has one of the largest economies which makes it favorable for entrepreneurs to start a business in this country. But without a plan, a business will not get its roadmap.

A well-written business plan is essential to the success of any organization due to the ever-increasing complexity of the business environment and the constantly shifting market conditions. Now, without further ado look at the below list of the top business plan writing services in the United States .

Who is a Business Plan Writer?

Business plan writers are specialists who help owners or entrepreneurs create thorough and efficient business plans by conducting market research, competitive research preparing financial projections, & analyzing other business operations.

They build a business plan that is specifically suited to the needs and objectives of the particular business using the current information.

If you are looking for the one, then here are some of the top business plan writers:

Top 5 Business Plan Writing Service Providers in the US

1. plan writers.

Plan writers help you communicate your vision, research your industry, make your marketing plan, model your financial projection, and design amazing presentations, so you can save your time & effort on making an actionable plan and focus on your operations.

In 2011, they were even awarded as the best business plan writer.

2. Go Business Plans

Go Business Plans is a full-service business consulting company that is committed to assisting you in producing the customized business plans required to prevail in the fiercely competitive business world of today.

From business plan advice and website building to internet marketing and debt finance, their team of specialists can help you with anything you need to launch or expand your firm.

3. Wise Business Plans

At Wise Business Plans , they understand that every great business starts with a well-crafted plan. Thus you don’t need to become a professional business plan writer to start a small business because Wise Business Plans can assist you at every step of the way with their professional business plan services. Services of Wise Business Plans:

  • Custom websites
  • Logo & branding
  • They also provide guidance & services for business licensing
  • Digital Marketing
  • Optimizing business credit profile

4. Bargain Business Plans

To efficiently create a unique plan that will suit your goals, Bargain Business Plans take the time to get to know their clients. Their team of business plan consultants and writers will strive to guarantee you’re in a position to succeed, whether you’re starting a new business or bringing your brand to a new market.

They are commonly regarded as the top business plan companies in the nation because of the technique of knowing their clients first. Services of Wise Business Plans:

  • Business plan writing services such as: – SBA business plans – Non-profit business plans – Investor/VC business plans
  • Custom logo

5. Cayenne Consulting

Cayenne Consulting can serve as an impartial partner to help you save a tonne of time by assisting with tasks like developing a strategy, conducting market and competitive research, creating a plan, creating presentation materials, and creating a capital formation strategy.

They have experts for everything you need for an established business plan.

Find Business Plan Writers in your Region

  • Chicago – Business Plan Writers
  • Columbus – Business Plan Writers
  • Denver – Business Plan Writers
  • Boston – Business Plan Writers
  • Florida – Business Plan Writers
  • Los Angeles – Business Plan Writers
  • Minnesota – Business Plan Writers
  • San Diego – Business Plan Writers
  • Dallas – Business Plan Writers
  • Massachusetts – Business Plan Writers
  • New York – Business Plan Writers
  • Las Vegas – Business Plan Writers
  • Georgia – Business Plan Writers
  • Houston – Business Plan Writers
  • Atlanta – Business Plan Writers

freelance business plan writers

AI Business Plan Generator—A Better Alternative

Upmetrics is an efficient and reliable AI-Powered Business Plan Generator. It’s the ultimate solution for modern entrepreneurs who want to create comprehensive business plans effortlessly.

The AI assistant offers various options through a convenient drop-down menu. You can select from features such as Auto Write, Auto Improve, shorten or expand the text, and even choose from professional, persuasive, or academic tones to refine your content.

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Try Upmetrics AI

Here is a list of additional features provided by the Upmetrics AI assistant :

  • AI-powered text generation to write your business plan.
  • Content rewriting feature to polish or enhance content quality.
  • Content shortening option to briefly describe the context.
  • Expand upon your idea and introduce new concepts.
  • AI-powered assistant to help adjust the tone of your writing.
  • Accurate & reliable information depending on prompted information.
  • Real-time updates and cloud storage, eliminating the risk of data loss.
  • Intuitive, seamless, and responsive user interface.
  • Check and correct grammatical errors and spelling mistakes.
  • Business resources, video tutorials, and guides to help get started.

You might think that all these features might cost you a fortune, but here is the surprise that it is more affordable than hiring a business plan writer.

Where do I Find Freelance Business Plan Writers?

Many platforms are available where you can find freelancers and on such platforms only you will find top business plan writers, such as

You will find a variety of business plan writers on Upwork as it is one of the best-known freelance marketplaces. You can hire one of the top business plan writers after knowing their fees, expertise, business plan samples, etc.

Cost: Here freelance writers charge $200 – $2000 (per project).

2. Freelancer

Freelancer is also the place where you can find freelance business plan writers. You can post a project there, request proposals, and go through the ratings of the writers & their portfolios.

Cost: Writers on this platform might charge $15 – $75 (per hour).

You can select an expert plan writer on Fiverr depending on your niche. Browse through different profiles and pricing structures and then pitch directly.

Cost: Writers on this platform might charge $100 – $1000 (per project).

4. Referrals and recommendations

You can also seek suggestions and referrals from coworkers, contacts in the sector, or business advisers who might know of independent business plan writers with the required knowledge and abilities.

How to Choose the Right Business Plan Writer

When looking for a business plan writer or consulting company, you’ll discover a wide range in the services provided, the method used, and the cost quoted. Here are a few ideas to take into account as you weigh your options:

1. Writing services and previous work

You should ask for examples of prior business plans from the writer you are considering hiring. When reviewing the sample, make sure the writing is clear and concise and that the document is free of any significant errors or typos. Since investors will primarily focus on the executive summary and financial model, be sure to give them a careful reading.

2. Price is not everything

Do not, however, make the error of judging a plan writer just on the price they offer; instead, search around for your plan to grasp the pricing possibilities accessible. While it is safe to assume that the least expensive option will produce a product and service of lower quality, the opposite is not always true, i.e., that the most expensive option will produce a product and service of the highest quality.

3. Be clear if you want business plan writing or editing

A plan lays out a company’s strategy and how it will operate over the following five to ten years. The document outlines the company’s current situation as well as the objectives it plans to aim to meet on an operational and financial level. As a result, the document is very personal to the business owner.

However, the writer won’t be able to read the business owner’s mind. A business plan writer can easily offer an objective look at the company, highlighting areas someone close to the company may miss. The owner must first choose whether he prefers a writer to draft the plan or an editor to polish it after the owner has prepared a draft.

4. Understand their process

It is necessary to understand the procedure of the writer or business consultant before you hire them. Each contractor has their procedure, for instance, some might give you a questionnaire to fill & some will have an interview round to learn more about your business.

Therefore, it is essential to understand the process and to know how will they communicate more with you for business information.

How Much Will it Cost to Hire a Business Plan Writer?

The cost of working with a business plan writer can depend on various factors like experience, expertise, the field and complexity of the business plan, etc.

However, some writers charge per hour and some charge per project for writing the business plan. We have listed some average costs of writing a business plan as follows:

  • Basic business plan – $500 to $2500
  • Comprehensive business plan – $2500 to $10,000
  • Industry-specific business plan – $5000 to $20,000
  • Hourly basis – $20 to $50
  • Upmetrics – Starting from $9 per month

These costs are based on the current average charges of various freelance business plan writers.

When to Hire a Business Plan Writer

Are you thinking about when to write a business plan or when to hire a business plan writing service?

While starting the business:

Expanding your firm:, when you need funding:, pros and cons of hiring a business plan writer.

Hiring a business plan writer has its pros and cons, here is why you should or shouldn’t hire a business plan writer:

  • Writing business plans is their area of expertise, so they can provide insightful advice based on their extensive experience.
  • Working with a writer gives you more time to concentrate on other areas of your company.
  • You may leave a lasting impression on lenders or investors by writing a strong business plan.
  • Working with a business plan writer can be pricey, particularly for new or tiny companies.
  • Working with a writer entails a certain amount of control surrendering over the writing process and final output.
  • Sometimes, business plan writers might not fully understand the vision & goals of your business.

Questions to Ask Yourself Before Hiring a Business Plan Writer

Business plan writing is something you do for your business on your terms, so if you think you are ready to hire a business plan writer, then answer these questions to make your decision more firm.

  • Who will write your business plan?
  • How will you share all the information with your writer?
  • Will the writer do thorough market research before writing the plan?
  • How many revisions will they do?
  • In which format will be the plan delivered?

If you want to write your business plan by yourself, then with the help of a business plan software & its step-by-step guidance you can.

Some Common Steps to Writing a Business Plan

A business plan is a roadmap, so messing the format up is a big no. Here are some common steps you need to include in your business plan:

  • Executive Summary – It includes a brief and concise overview of the entire business plan
  • Business Overview – It contains the details of your business including name, business type, location, history, legal structure, etc.
  • Market Analysis – The target market, competitive analysis, market trends, etc are incorporated in this section.
  • Products & Services – This section has all the details about your products and services, a product description, pricing, etc.
  • Sales & Marketing Strategies – Once you have your products and services mentioned, it is necessary to write down how will you sell and market them.
  • Operations Plan – It includes the operational process, staffing & hiring of your company, and the machinery or equipment you will use in the business.
  • Management Team – Mention all the key executives and managers of your firm in this section.
  • Financial Plan – The financial forecasting for the first few years of your company should be outlined in your financial plan section.
  • Appendix – Include any other details that would be important to your business plan in this section, such as the resumes of important employees, marketing materials, or legal documents.

Read more: How to Write a Business Plan

Need Assistance Writing Your Business Plan?

Do you plan on writing a business plan by yourself? If yes, then test out our business plan software right away to see how simple it is to write a thorough and expert business plan.

You may save time and make sure that your plan is customized to the requirements of your company with the help of our guidance. Sign up right away to get started and take the first step toward success.

In conclusion, hiring a business plan writer might be a wise investment if you’re looking to construct a professional business plan that can help you get finance, draw investors, or direct your business strategy.

But writing your business plan with the help of guidance at each step can be the wisest choice.

The experience, credentials, references, method, and cost should all be taken into account when choosing a business plan writer.

You can write a thorough and useful business plan that can assist you in achieving your objectives and succeeding in your entrepreneurial endeavors by conducting research and choosing the best.

Why Hire Costly Writers? Use Software for Business Plans!

Why pay high fees to consultants? Opt for business plan software, get comprehensive plans, save money, and gain control over your business's roadmap

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Related Articles On Business Plan Writing

  • Insights into Writing a Comprehensive Business Plan
  • Building a Strategic Business Plan Outline
  • Art of Writing an Exceptional Executive Summary
  • The Importance of an Operational Plan in Your Business Strategy
  • Designing an Impressive Business Plan Cover Page
  • Importance of a Well-structured Business Plan Table of Contents
  • The Importance of Confidentiality in Business Plans
  • Conducting an Effective Market Analysis for Your Business Plan
  • Outlining Your Products and Services in Your Business Plan

Frequently Asked Questions

How long do business plan writers take to write your business plan.

The length of time needed to write a business plan entirely relies on how sophisticated your industry is. It also depends on the complexity of your finances, the length of the business plan, business principles, and every other business-related factor. However, it typically takes a month to a year.

What are the common mistakes to avoid when writing a business plan?

Things to avoid while writing a business strategy are: 

  • Avoid making unrealistic projections 
  • Don’t set your expectations too high for financial projections 
  • A poor executive summary will bore readers from starting itself 
  • Writing a plan too long 
  • Not defining the target audience 
  • Not focusing on your competitors 
  • Including unnecessary information

What things should I look for when hiring a business plan consulting company?

Here are some qualities you should look for in a business plan consultant:

  • Experience and expertise 
  • Process and methodology 
  • References and testimonials 
  • Communication and Collaboration 
  • Post plan support 
  • Pricing and cost-effectiveness

What is the hardest part of writing a business plan?

There are many parts of the process that might be challenging when writing business plans. But these are some of the most typical difficulties that people run into when developing a business plan:

For startups: The financial plan is the most challenging. It is difficult to project financial data for a new company. Finding a company that is similar and attempting to estimate its earnings is your best option.

For existing firms: One of the most difficult aspects for established organizations can be market analysis. It is challenging to identify the target market for a new product, comprehend competitors, and identify market trends & ways to adapt to them.

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Popular Templates

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Freelance Writing Business Plan Template

Written by Dave Lavinsky

Freelance Writing Business Plan

Over the past 20+ years, we have helped over 1,000 entrepreneurs and business owners create business plans to start and grow their freelance writing companies.

If you’re unfamiliar with creating a freelance writing business plan, you may think creating one will be a time-consuming and frustrating process. For most entrepreneurs it is, but for you, it won’t be since we’re here to help. We have the experience, resources, and knowledge to help you create a great business plan.

In this article, you will learn some background information on why business planning is important. Then, you will learn how to write a freelance writing business plan step-by-step so you can create your plan today.

Download our Ultimate Business Plan Template here >

What Is a Business Plan?

A business plan provides a snapshot of your freelance writing business as it stands today, and lays out your growth plan for the next five years. It explains your business goals and your strategies for reaching them. It also includes market research to support your plans.

Why You Need a Business Plan

If you’re looking to start a freelance writing business or grow your existing freelance writing company, you need a business plan. A business plan will help you raise funding, if needed, and plan out the growth of your freelance writing business to improve your chances of success. Your freelance writing business plan is a living document that should be updated annually as your company grows and changes.

Sources of Funding for Freelance Writing Businesses

With regard to funding, the main sources of funding for a freelance writing business are personal savings, credit cards, bank loans, and angel investors. When it comes to bank loans, banks will want to review your business plan and gain confidence that you will be able to repay your loan and interest. To acquire this confidence, the loan officer will not only want to ensure that your financials are reasonable, but they will also want to see a professional plan. Such a plan will give them the confidence that you can successfully and professionally operate a business. Personal savings and bank loans are the most common funding paths for freelance writing companies.

Finish Your Business Plan Today!

How to write a business plan for a freelance writing business.

If you want to start a freelance writing business or expand your current freelance writing business, you need a business plan. The guide below details the necessary information for how to write each essential component of your freelance writing business plan.

Executive Summary

Your executive summary provides an introduction to your business plan, but it is normally the last section you write because it provides a summary of each key section of your plan.

The goal of your executive summary is to quickly engage the reader. Explain to them the kind of freelance writing business you are running and the status. For example, are you a startup, do you have a freelance writing business that you would like to grow, or are you operating freelance writing and formatting businesses?

Next, provide an overview of each of the subsequent sections of your plan.

  • Give a brief overview of the freelance writing industry.
  • Discuss the type of freelance writing business you are operating.
  • Detail your direct competitors. Give an overview of your target customers.
  • Provide a snapshot of your marketing strategy. Identify the key members of your team.
  • Offer an overview of your financial plan.

Company Overview

In your company overview, you will detail the type of freelance writing business you are operating.

For example, you might specialize in one of the following types of freelance writing businesses:

  • Copywriting: Copywriting is focused on marketing materials to encourage a target audience to make a purchase; it is compelling and focused writing that leads consumers to a decision.
  • Grant writing: Grant writing is focused on the art of persuasion, typically noting the needs of a non-profit company and then offering the solution via the services or products of the non-profit company. Grant writing requires research and a storyline that compels readers to provide funding for worthy public or private projects.
  • Technical freelance writing: A technical freelance writer is focused on user manuals, product documentation, and instructional guides. This type of writing demands expertise in vocabulary and precision in writing.
  • Resume/Cover Letter freelance writing: One of the major reasons freelance writers are hired is the on-going need for creative, yet comprehensive resumes and/or cover letters. Almost every person seeking employment today will look for a writer to take on the task of creating compelling content in the form of a winning resume.

In addition to explaining the type of freelance writing business you will operate, the company overview needs to provide background on the business.

Include answers to questions such as:

  • When and why did you start the business?
  • What milestones have you achieved to date? Milestones could include the number of customers served, the amount of revenue during the past six months, opening a design and formatting business to support the freelance writing business, etc.
  • Your legal business structure. Are you incorporated as an S-Corp? An LLC? A sole proprietorship? Explain your legal structure here.

Industry Analysis

In your industry or market analysis, you need to provide an overview of the freelance writing industry.

While this may seem unnecessary, it serves multiple purposes.

First, researching the freelance writing industry educates you. It helps you understand the market in which you are operating.

Secondly, market research can improve your marketing strategy, particularly if your analysis identifies market trends.

The third reason is to prove to readers that you are an expert in your industry. By conducting the research and presenting it in your plan, you achieve just that.

The following questions should be answered in the industry analysis section of your freelance writing business plan:

  • How big is the freelance writing industry (in dollars)?
  • Is the market declining or increasing?
  • Who are the key competitors in the market?
  • Who are the key suppliers in the market?
  • What trends are affecting the industry?
  • What is the industry’s growth forecast over the next 5 – 10 years?
  • What is the relevant market size? That is, how big is the potential target market for your freelance writing business? You can extrapolate such a figure by assessing the size of the market in the entire country and then applying that figure to your local population.

Customer Analysis

The customer analysis section of your freelance writing business plan must detail the customers you serve and/or expect to serve.

The following are examples of customer segments: individuals, businesses, charitable foundations and  government agencies.

As you can imagine, the customer segment(s) you choose will have a great impact on the type of freelance writing business you operate. Clearly, individuals would respond to different marketing promotions than government agencies, for example.

Try to break out your target customers in terms of their demographic and psychographic profiles. With regard to demographics, including a discussion of the ages, genders, locations, and income levels of the potential customers you seek to serve.

Psychographic profiles explain the wants and needs of your target customers. The more you can recognize and define these needs, the better you will do in attracting and retaining your customers.

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Competitive Analysis

Your competitive analysis should identify the indirect and direct competitors your business faces and then focus on the latter.

Direct competitors are other freelance writing businesses.

Indirect competitors are other options that customers have to purchase from that aren’t directly competing with your product or service. This includes companies that provide templates, forms, or computer-generated materials. You need to mention such competition, as well.

For each direct competitor, provide an overview of their business and document their strengths and weaknesses. Unless you once worked at your competitors’ businesses, it will be impossible to know everything about them. But you should be able to find out key things about them such as

  • What types of customers do they serve?
  • What type of freelance writing business are they?
  • What is their pricing (premium, low, etc.)?
  • What sets their business apart from others?
  • What are their weaknesses?

With regard to the last two questions, think about your answers from the customers’ perspective. And, don’t be afraid to ask your competitors’ customers what they like most and least about them.

The final part of your competitive analysis section is to document your areas of competitive advantage. For example:

  • Will you provide options for 24/7 service or 2-hour turnaround times?
  • Will you offer products or services that your competition doesn’t?
  • Will you provide better customer service?
  • Will you offer better pricing?

Think about ways you will outperform your competition and document them in this section of your plan.

Marketing Plan

Traditionally, a marketing plan includes the four P’s: Product, Price, Place, and Promotion. For a freelance writing business plan, your marketing strategy should include the following:

Product : In the product section, you should reiterate the type of freelance writing company that you documented in your company overview. Then, detail the specific products or services you will be offering. For example, will you provide full-package curriculum vitae completion for C-suite executives?

Price : Document the prices you will offer and how they compare to your competitors. Essentially in the product and price sub-sections of your plan, you are presenting the services you offer and their prices.

Place : Place refers to the site of your freelance writing company. Document where your company is situated and mention how the site will impact your success. For example, is your freelance writing business located in a corporate complex where customers can meet in-person with you to discuss projects? Discuss how your site might be the ideal location for your customers.

Promotions : The final part of your freelance writing marketing plan is where you will document how you will drive potential customers to your location(s). The following are some promotional methods you might consider:

  • Advertise in local papers and/or magazines
  • Reach out to websites
  • Distribute direct mail pieces to your target audience
  • Engage in email marketing
  • Advertise on social media platforms
  • Improve the SEO (search engine optimization) with target keywords on your website

Operations Plan

While the earlier sections of your business plan explained your goals, your operations plan describes how you will meet them. Your operations plan should have two distinct sections as follows.

Everyday short-term processes include all of the tasks involved in running your freelance writing business, including answering calls, planning and researching subject matter, paying invoices, contacting customers, etc.

Long-term goals are the milestones you hope to achieve. These could include the dates when you expect to reach $X in revenue. It could also be when you expect to expand your freelance writing business to a second resume-writing service.

Management Team

To demonstrate your freelance writing business’ potential to succeed, a strong management team is essential. Highlight your key players’ backgrounds, emphasizing those skills and experiences that prove their ability to grow a company.

Ideally, you and/or your team members have direct experience in managing freelance writing businesses. If so, highlight this experience and expertise. But, also highlight any experience that you think will help your business succeed.

If your team is lacking, consider assembling an advisory board. An advisory board would include 2 to 8 individuals who would act as mentors to your business. They would help answer questions and provide strategic guidance. If needed, look for advisory board members with experience in managing a freelance writing business or successfully running a copywriting department in a large corporation.

Financial Plan

Your financial plan should include your 5-year financial statement broken out both monthly or quarterly for the first year and then annually. Your financial statements include your income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statements.

Income Statement

An income statement is more commonly called a Profit and Loss statement or P&L. It shows your revenue and then subtracts your costs to show whether you turned a profit or not.

In developing your income statement, you need to devise assumptions. For example, will you serve more than ten customers per month, and/or offer special pricing for projects over 20,000 pages in length? And will sales grow by 2% or 10% per year? As you can imagine, your choice of assumptions will greatly impact the financial forecasts for your business. As much as possible, conduct research to try to root your assumptions in reality.

Balance Sheets

Balance sheets show your assets and liabilities. While balance sheets can include much information, try to simplify them to the key items you need to know about. For instance, if you spend $50,000 on building out your freelance writing business, this will not give you immediate profits. Rather it is an asset that will hopefully help you generate profits for years to come. Likewise, if a lender writes you a check for $50,000, you don’t need to pay it back immediately. Rather, that is a liability you will pay back over time.

Cash Flow Statement

Your cash flow statement will help determine how much money you need to start or grow your business, and ensure you never run out of money. What most entrepreneurs and business owners don’t realize is that you can turn a profit, but run out of money and go bankrupt.

When creating your Income Statement and Balance Sheets be sure to include several of the key costs needed in starting or growing a freelance writing business:

  • Cost of computer and printer equipment
  • Cost of furnishings
  • Payroll or salaries paid to staff
  • Business insurance
  • Other start-up expenses (if you’re a new business) like legal expenses, permits, computer software, office supplies and equipment

Attach your full financial projections in the appendix of your plan, along with any supporting documents that make your plan more compelling. For example, you might include your office location lease or a list of high-profile resources you can access and include in your writing categories.

Writing a business plan for your freelance writing business is a worthwhile endeavor. If you follow the template above, by the time you are done, you will truly be an expert. You will understand the freelance writing industry, your competition, and your customers. You will develop a marketing strategy and will understand what it takes to launch and grow a successful freelance writing business.

Freelance Writing Business Plan FAQs

What is the easiest way to complete my freelance writing business plan.

Growthink's Ultimate Business Plan Template allows you to quickly and easily write your freelance writing business plan.

How Do You Start a Freelance Writing Business?

Starting a Freelance Writing business is easy with these 14 steps:

  • Choose the Name for Your Freelance Writing Business
  • Create Your Freelance Writing Business Plan
  • Choose the Legal Structure for Your Freelance Writing Business
  • Secure Startup Funding for Your Freelance Writing Business (If Needed)
  • Secure a Location for Your Business
  • Register Your Freelance Writing Business with the IRS
  • Open a Business Bank Account
  • Get a Business Credit Card
  • Get the Required Business Licenses and Permits
  • Get Business Insurance for Your Freelance Writing Business
  • Buy or Lease the Right Freelance Writing Business Equipment
  • Develop Your Freelance Writing Business Marketing Materials
  • Purchase and Setup the Software Needed to Run Your Freelance Writing Business
  • Open for Business

Where Can I Download a Free Business Plan Template PDF?

Click here to download the pdf version of our basic business plan template.

Our free business plan template pdf allows you to see the key sections to complete in your plan and the key questions that each must answer. The business plan pdf will definitely get you started in the right direction.

We do offer a premium version of our business plan template. Click here to learn more about it. The premium version includes numerous features allowing you to quickly and easily create a professional business plan. Its most touted feature is its financial projections template which allows you to simply enter your estimated sales and growth rates, and it automatically calculates your complete five-year financial projections including income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements. Here’s the link to our Ultimate Business Plan Template.

Don’t you wish there was a faster, easier way to finish your Freelance Writing business plan?

OR, Let Us Develop Your Plan For You

Since 1999, Growthink has developed business plans for thousands of companies who have gone on to achieve tremendous success.   Click here to see how Growthink’s business planning advisors can create your business plan for you.

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Freelance Business Plan Writers

SEPT.25, 2013

freelance business plan

Introduction

Freelancing includes varieties of works including photography, writing, website design, logo design, web development, graphic design, consulting, and others. However, most freelancers do not have time to write a detailed  freelance business plan . It is very vital for success as it helps a freelancer to work on specific goals, mission, operation plan, and objectives.

Frequently asked questions about freelance business

Here are some of the questions to focus on when writing a freelance design business plan  –

  • What are your specializations, skills, and talents to market?
  • Who are your target clients, and how they can reach their goals via offline or online marketing strategy?
  • What technologies will you use to serve your customers like online publishing, graphic design program etc.?
  • What are your business expenses?

Executive Summary

In this segment of the freelance graphic design business plan, you need to describe the profitability and growth of your business. Also, describe in detail how you are going to grow your business from starting up to a solid enterprise, which can help you generate regular income.

Business Description

In your business description, do not forget to include the name of your business, address, zip code, and state on the cover of your  freelance graphic designer business plan . In addition, talk about your specializations, ways to make money, and your target clients.

Market analysis

Now you want to research the market as a freelance writer. Suppose your goal is to become a medical writer. You have to research the field, know what other writers charge in the same domain, and how profitable your business is.

Here, you need to figure out how you are going to stand out in competition. Take your time to explain your services or products in a  freelance web design business plan,  which you offer along with the ones you usually offer. Find out whether there is a segment, which is still unexplored in your industry.

Marketing Plan of Freelance business plan

When writing a  free freelance business plan , create a marketing plan on how to promote your business. You can choose from different mediums like fliers, radio, brochure design, or sales letters. Research the strategy, which works well for your business. Also, see what others are doing.

In this section of the  freelance business plan sample , you need to discuss your business operations on how you are going to offer your products or services to your clients. You need to describe how you are going to charge, your billing system, and agreements.

Financial plan

You can make your financial goals when writing  sample freelance business plan . Mention how much you need to start your freelancing business. Also, estimate your financial projections to tell investors how much you plan to earn in the future. For example, if you expect to earn $150,000 the first year, your earnings are expected to raise up to $300,000 in five years.

How to order writing a freelance business plan?

When writing a high-quality  business plan for freelance pdf , OGS Capital experts know how to serve their clients. We create a freelance business plan as a path of success whether you are operating alone or with others.

Download Freelance Business Plan Sample in pdf

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Entrepreneur

How to Become a Freelance Writer, Plus Tips for Success

F reelance writing is a booming industry, and it could be a great way to enjoy remote work and set your own schedule. Yet becoming a freelance writer can be difficult and confusing, especially in the beginning.

Today, let's explore how to become a freelance writer step-by-step, plus break down some extra tips to ensure success in this field.

1. Decide what kind of writer you'll be

No freelance writer can do it all, so you need to decide what kind of writer you'll be before starting on this career path.

Here are some examples of freelance writing niches and focuses:

  • Technical writers : have technical expertise or in-depth knowledge about a specific subject, like manufacturing, finance, programming, etc. This type of writing is the most profitable side hustle. However, it's also the hardest for new freelance writers to break into as small businesses.
  • Content writers: create blog posts for a variety of websites, often retail or affiliate websites. Content marketing includes high-qualitycontent writing. Such content might include guest posts for bloggers and business owners. It might also include other freelance content, like creating social posts or email copy. Helpful skills to know are how to use WordPress, Slack, Google Suite, Asana and similar.
  • Copywriters : create content for brands by mimicking brand voice, tone and language rules. This freelance writing work means providing writing services to a brand's own blog. Such purposes typically revolve around SEO/search engine optimization purposes.

Of these types of freelance writers, you can further specialize. For instance, you can be a retail content writer exclusively, a finance technical writer and so on. In many cases, you should choose your freelance writer niche based on your previous experience, interests or specializations.

Consider your working schedule, too. Full-time writers will have more access to freelance writing jobs. However, you can still build a writing portfolio with stellar writing samples to attract potential clients, even as a part-time writer.

There are lots of online writing clients to attract. In any case, you'll build up a byline reputation after you get your first client and start flexing your creative writing skills.

Related: How Much Should You Charge as a Freelance Writer ?

2. Learn your niche's writing conventions and strategies

Next, you'll need to learn and master your niche's writing conventions and strategies.

As an example, if you become a copywriter for retail brands, you need to understand typical writing conventions like:

  • Reading through your clients' tone packages or portfolios (sometimes called brand guides). These will give you the information you need to mimic your client's voice appropriately.
  • Writing in streamlined, short sentences without a lot of fluff. These days, most online readers skim written content rather than reading it word by word, so you need to know how to create compelling, attractive headers and content blocks.
  • Using bullet points frequently (just like this.) to convey key informational points quickly and succinctly.

Many of these skills can be learned and practiced as you hone your writing skills and as you determine your ultimate freelance writing niche or focus. Outside of learning by pursuing writing opportunities and building an online presence, many good writers have positive experiences with writing courses designed to build professional writing skills for different types of content.

3. Build a portfolio and join freelance job sites

No one will want to hire you as a freelance writer without seeing some samples of your work. This can sound counterintuitive, as at the beginning of your career, you won't have any work to showcase. However, you should create a portfolio of sample or trial blog posts, copy and more. Even if you come up with this content from scratch, it can serve as a good example of the work future clients can expect.

Once you have your portfolio, put it up on your personal website and your social media pages (particularly your LinkedIn profile). Then add to freelance job websites like Upwork. Make profiles on all the freelance job boards you can.

In the earliest days of your freelance writing career, you'll be pursuing as many jobs as possible. The more places you have to advertise your skills, the better.

Related: Leaving a Steady Job to Start a Freelance Career ? Here Are 5 Things You Must Know

4. Start looking for work

Now it's time to put your nose to the grindstone and begin looking for work. As a freelance writer, the initial months of your career will be filled with proposals and requests for work. Don't expect to get a lot of clients initially. In fact, you'll probably spend most of your time seeking out clients instead of writing.

This isn't a bad thing. During this time, you'll learn how to write effective, persuasive proposals to your clients and how best to represent yourself as the ideal freelancer for their needs. In time, you'll get a few jobs, then use those jobs to open further doors and new professional opportunities.

5. Request good reviews

Each time you get a job from a client, do it to perfection. Then, at the end of your contract, request an excellent review or testimonial. Many freelance job board websites allow you to post reviews or automatically calculate a review or star score based on your performance.

The better your review score is, the easier you'll find it to acquire new, high-paying clients. In this way, your freelance writing career will start off very slow, then quickly pick up speed.

Related: The 9 Skills it Takes to Succeed as a Freelance Writer

6. Market your writing aggressively

As you earn initial success, you should market your writing aggressively. There are a few different ways in which you can do this:

  • You can create a personal website for your freelance writing business, showcasing your best samples and reviews or testimonials.
  • You can make online ads promoting your skills as a knowledgeable copywriter, particularly in a specific industry or niche.
  • You can and should market yourself on social media by regularly posting that you are looking for work or new clients.

Don't feel bad about announcing your skills in this way: You have to hustle to make it in this industry, a truism that holds for all freelance professionals, in fact.

Other tips for freelance writing success

You now know the basics about how to become a freelance writer. But even with the step-by-step process above, you might not see initial success unless you keep some key tips and strategies in mind.

Pick a niche to excel at

First, and perhaps most importantly, you should pick a niche or specialization at the earliest opportunity. Generalized freelance writers don't make nearly as much money as specialized writers. That's because specialized writers can provide more raw value to their clients.

Imagine a situation in which a programming company needs a writer to create some in-depth blog posts for B2B clients. They can hire a generalized content writer or a specialized technical writer who knows the ins and outs of programming languages and computer science. The latter choice is always the better option for that client.

To that end, find a niche in which to excel based on your previous schooling, your interests and more.

Price your writing properly

Many freelance writers struggle with getting a living wage, partially because they price their writing too low. True, in the earliest stage of your career, you'll probably earn about one cent or two cents per word. However, as you earn your first initial reviews, you should counterintuitively increase your price to five cents per word or more.

Why? If you price your writing too low, clients will think that you aren't worth their time. By pricing your writing sufficiently high, you show that you are confident in your ability to deliver results to those clients.

Always be looking for new clients

The life of a freelance writer involves constantly looking for new clients and work opportunities. Even if you have a handful of solid clients who send you work consistently, don't rest on your laurels.

Always be cultivating new contacts and finding new professional clients who you can approach for work. You never know when your current jobs or projects might dry up, leaving you in desperate need of new income streams.

Always improve your writing skills

Similarly, always work to improve your writing skills by learning new words, practicing your grammar and so on. As a writing craftsman, it's up to you to make sure that your skills are as sharp and desirable as possible. Don't let your writing skills fall by the wayside just because you have achieved some initial success as a freelance writer.

Related: Examples of Writing Business Ideas

Start your journey as a freelance writer

As you can see, you can become a successful freelance writer in a variety of ways and niches. But keep the above tips in mind, and you'll be sure to land high-paying clients and master your new business in short order.

Check out Entrepreneur's other guides and resources for more information on this topic.

How to Become a Freelance Writer, Plus Tips for Success

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3. Writings On Education From Introduction To Tolstoy's Writings by Ernest J Simmons (1968)

After Tolstoy's speech at the Moscow Society of Lovers of Russian Literature in 1859, the president of that organization, devoted to popular views of the immediate social significance of literature, coldly reminded him that, however eternal truth and beauty may be in art, the artist is a man of his own times, and that the present historical moment was one in which self-indictment acquired a special meaning and an indefeasible right and hence must manifest itself in literature.

The time would come when Tolstoy's own views on literature for the people would radically change, but at the moment he had reached a point of despair and thought of abandoning literature forever. To scribble stories was stupid and shameful, he told A. A. Fet in a burst of enthusiastic confidence when he learned that this poet was thinking of settling on an estate near him and subordinating literature to farming. Literary friends, learning of his intention to plunge into educational theory and start a school at Yasnaya Polyana, pleaded with him not to deprive Russia of his literary leadership. He answered that his new endeavours bore a direct connection with his retreat from literature. For whom did Russian authors write, he asked? For themselves and the cultured few. For masses of illiterate Russian peasants literature was useless. If they could not read his writings, then he would teach them. This, he declared, was the first and essential step toward the creation of a "literature for the people." Here was a purpose that would satisfy his thirst for activity and moral influence.

When Tolstoy opened his school in the autumn of 1859 in a single room of his large manor house at Yasnaya Polyana, free education for peasant children did not exist in Russia. Occasionally, a village would boast of a priest or an ex-soldier who taught a few children at so much per head. The subjects were elementary, the method a mixture of blows and learning by heart, and the results negligible. This situation Tolstoy wished to remedy by substituting public education based on entirely original pedagogical methods.

With half a year of highly successful teaching behind him, it was almost inevitable that Tolstoy should find himself bedevilled in a maze of speculation on pedagogy and obsessed with schemes for improving national education. In March, 1860, he wrote to a friend, E. P. Kovalevsky, brother of the Minister of National Education, of his efforts and mentioned that he already had fifty students and that the number was growing.

"Wisdom in all worldly affairs it seems to me," he continued, "consists not in recognizing what must be done but in knowing what to do first and then what comes after."

He boldly questioned the value to progress in Russia of roads, the telegraph, literature, and the arts, as long as only about one per cent of some seventy millions of people were literate. As a remedy he proposed the establishment of a Society of National Education. Among its duties would be setting up public schools where they were most needed, designing courses of instruction, training teachers in suitable educational methods, and publishing a journal devoted to the dissemination of the society's pedagogical ideals.

Tolstoy received no official encouragement for his proposed program, but from the evidence of fragments of pedagogical essays at this time it is obvious that he had begun to think out his own course of instruction. In one fragment, entitled " On the Problems of Pedagogy ," he wrote:

"For every living condition of development, there is a pedagogical expediency, and to search this out is the problem of pedagogy."

Aware that he was trying, without sufficient knowledge, to handle large abstract concepts of educational theory, which in Russia were entirely dominated by Western European influence, he went abroad in 1860 to study them at the source. A full account of this effort reveals how thoroughly he pursued his objective. He visited schools and participated in classroom work in Germany, France, and England; he talked with teachers and leading educational theorists in these countries; and he collected and studied quantities of textbook samples and read numerous foreign treatises on education. After visiting schools at Kissingen, he jotted down in his diary:

"It is terrible! Prayers for the king; blows; everything by rote; terrified, beaten children."

Another entry shortly after:

"The idea of experimental pedagogy agitates me. I can scarcely contain myself...."

And in still a third entry, after reading Montaigne, he wrote:

"In education, once more, the chief things are equality and freedom."

Julius Froebel, nephew of Friedrich Froebel the celebrated educational reformer and founder of the kindergarten system, has left an interesting account of his discussion with Tolstoy:

" 'Progress in Russia,' he told me, 'must come out of public education, which among us will give better results than in Germany, because the Russian masses are not yet spoiled by false education."'

Tolstoy went on to inform him of his own school in which learning was in no sense obligatory.

"'If education is good,' he said, 'then the need for it will manifest itself like hunger."'

And Froebel also relates that Tolstoy spoke of the Russian masses as a "mysterious and irrational force," from which one day would emerge an entirely new organization of the world, and said that from the Russian artel would develop in the future a communistic structure.

This report reflects the proud, dogmatic, almost arrogant attitude that Tolstoy adopted toward European personalities he met on this educational study trip. While sincerely seeking knowledge, he invariably made it clear that he belonged to no school of thought, had his own point of view on most questions, and that Europeans did not understand the real failings of their civilization.

From his visits to the schools of Marseille, Tolstoy took away a gloomy impression of the futility of the subjects taught and the lifeless, unimaginative methods of teaching them. On the other hand, when he talked with workers and children on the streets, he found them intelligent, free-thinking, and surprisingly well informed, but with no thanks to their schooling.

This situation led him to conclude in a later account of these experiences, in an article entitled " On National Education ":

"Here is an unconscious school undermining a compulsory school and making its contents almost of no worth.... What I saw in Marseille and in all other countries amounts to this: everywhere the principal part in educating a people is played not by schools, but by life."

This is the kind of characteristic half-truth that Tolstoy was fond of deducing from incomplete experience, and it became an important factor in his educational theorizing. But even half-truths that blasted away the hard shell of traditional and erroneous thinking on vital social problems had their value for him.

Tolstoy returned to Russia in the spring of 1861. He erected a three-room schoolhouse at Yasnaya Polyana, and, with several teachers employed to assist him in the instruction, he worked for the next year and a half with self-sacrificing zeal on theoretical and practical problems of education. He expounded his theories and described his practice in twelve extensive articles and a series of notes published in a magazine he founded called Yasnaya Polyana, the issues of which appeared between February, 1862, and March, 1863. Teachers and students also contributed to the magazine. Much of what follows here is based upon Tolstoy's articles, which for that time were quite original in substance but often weakened by perverse and exasperatingly dogmatic reasoning. Though truth was his sole aim, he occasionally forgot that his sweeping generalizations were based on limited experience with his own little school and on the efforts of unique students and a unique teacher. A persistent scepticism was the trade secret of his thinking in educational matters as in other fields of human endeavour.

Over the door of the school Tolstoy placed the inscription: " Enter and Leave Freely ." Perhaps he was thinking, by way of contrast, of Dante's inscription over hell: " Abandon Hope, All Ye who Enter Here ," which he would hardly have hesitated to place above the entrance to most European schools he had visited. Certainly the atmosphere of his own school convinced the children that education was a precious and joyous heritage.

Tolstoy believed that all education should be free and voluntary. He supported the desire of the masses for education, but he denied that the government or any other authority had the right to force it upon them. The logic of things, and his study of the operation of compulsory education abroad, convinced him that in this form it was an evil. Pupils should come to learn of their own accord, for if education were a good, it would be found as necessary as the air they breathed. If people were antagonistic, then the will of the people should become the guiding factor. Tolstoy's faith in the " will of the people ," even though the people might oppose commonly accepted notions of progress, contained the seeds of his later anarchism, and was a direct slap at radical reformers who would uplift the masses against their will.

Tolstoy also believed that education should answer the needs of the masses, but his conception of their needs had nothing in common with that of contemporary progressive thinkers. Nor did he have any patience with the widespread pedagogical conviction that education should mould the character and improve the morals of students. These were matters for family influence, he declared, and the teacher had no right to introduce his personal moral standards or social convictions into the sanctity of the home. In public education he was concerned primarily with peasants, the vast majority of the population. But he was not bent on elevating them above their class by the power of education (a definite evil in his eyes); he was concerned with making them better, more successful, and happier peasants.

In this context the individualistic direction of Tolstoy's thought was apparent. The assumption of civilization's progress in Macaulay, Buckle, and especially in Hegel, he firmly rejected. For some time opposition between the good of the individual and the good of society had been troubling him. He was already developing a philosophy hostile to the pragmatic ideal that progress could be achieved only by social education of the people through the medium of democracy. Progress was personal, he felt, and not social. Education must serve the individual and not society, for the individual's capacity to serve humanity was what gave meaning to life. Yet he did not appear to see the contradiction in his rejection of the whole modern concept of progress. He would teach the peasant child what he needed, but what he needed was often conditioned by the social system in which he lived.

In his article " On National Education " Tolstoy defined education as "a human activity based on desire for equality and a constant tendency or urge to advance in knowledge." Education, he asserted, was history and therefore had no final aim. Its only method was experience; its only criterion, freedom.

Tolstoy attempted to realize in practice even the more extreme aspects of his educational philosophy. Since he believed that the functioning of a school must be adapted to the peculiar conditions of the pupils, he conceded that his own village school might well be the worst possible model for those elsewhere. Attendance was non-compulsory and free to all. Classes ordinarily ran from eight o'clock to noon and then from three o'clock to six, but, as Tolstoy proudly wrote a friend, the students often continued an hour or more beyond closing time,

"because it is impossible to send the children away — they beg for more."

During the morning, elementary and advanced reading were taught, composition, penmanship, grammar, sacred history, Russian history, drawing, music, mathematics, natural sciences, and religion; in the afternoon there were experiments in physical sciences and lessons in singing, reading, and composition. No consistent order was followed, however, and lessons were lengthened or omitted according to the degree of interest manifested by the students. On Sundays the teachers met to talk over the work and lay out plans for the following week. But there was no obligation to adhere to any plan, and each teacher was placed entirely upon his own. For a time they kept a common diary in which were set down with merciless frankness their failures as well as their successes.

Originality was the guiding spirit. Freedom ruled, but never to the extent of anarchy. When Tolstoy purposely left the room in the middle of a lesson to test the behaviour of his students, they did not break into an uproar as he had observed was the case in similar circumstances in classrooms he visited abroad. When he left, the students were enjoying complete freedom, and hence they behaved as though he were still in the room. They corrected or praised each other's work, and some-times they grew entirely quiet. Such results, he explained, were natural in a school where the pupils were not obliged to attend, to remain, or to pay attention.

Tolstoy insisted that only in the absence of force and compulsion could natural relations be maintained between teacher and pupils. The teacher defined the limits of freedom in the classroom by his knowledge and capacity to manage. And the pupils, Tolstoy wrote, should be treated as reasoning and reasonable beings; only then would they find out that order was essential and that self-government was necessary to preserve it. If pupils were really interested in what was being taught, he declared, disorder would rarely occur, and when it did, the interested students would compel the disorderly ones to pay attention.

The successful functioning of such a school demanded unusual ability on the part of the teacher. Tolstoy admitted this, and justly claimed for himself a certain pedagogic tact. Always in his mind was the pupil's convenience in learning and not the teacher's in teaching. He argued that there was no best method in teaching a subject; the best method was that which the teacher happened to know best. That method was good which when introduced did not necessitate an increase of discipline, and that which required greater severity was bad. The method should develop out of the exigencies of a given problem in teaching, and it should please the pupils instead of the teacher. In short, teaching, according to Tolstoy, could not be described as a method; it was a talent, an art. Finality and perfection were never achieved in it; development and perfecting continued endlessly.

In this free atmosphere of student-dominated learning, certain traditional subjects were resisted in a manner that led Tolstoy to doubt their ultimate usefulness and to question the desirability of teaching them to youngsters. Grammar was such a subject. Although his emphasis in instruction favoured analysis, the kind involved in grammar put the students to sleep. To write correctly and to correct mistakes made by others gave his pupils pleasure, but this was only true when the process was unrelated to grammar. After much experimentation with teaching the subject, he concluded in an article in Yasnaya Polyana that

"grammar comes of itself as a mental and not unprofitable gymnastic exercise, and language — to write with skill and to read and understand — also comes of itself."

In the pages of his educational magazine, Tolstoy provides vivid accounts, filled with all the charm of his realistic art, of daily life at the school. On a cold winter morning the bell would ring. Children would run out into the village street. There was no lagging on the way, no urge to play the truant. Each child was eager to get there first. The pupils carried nothing in their hands, no homework books or exercises. They had not been obliged to remember any lesson. They brought only themselves, their receptive natures, and the certainty that it would be as jolly in school that day as it had been the day before.

At the end of a lesson Tolstoy would announce that it was time to eat and play, and, challenging them to race him out-doors, he would leap downstairs, three or four steps at a time, followed by a pack of screaming laughing children. Then he would face them in the snow and they would clamber over his back, desperately striving to pull him down. He was more like an older brother to them and they responded to his efforts with devotion and tireless interest. Their close, even tender, relations are touchingly reflected in one of the magazine articles. He describes how, after school, he accompanies several of the pupils home on a moonless winter night by a roundabout way through the woods, entertaining them with tales of Caucasian robbers and brave Cossacks. The youngest, a ten-year-old boy, furtively clasps two of his teacher's fingers during the most fearful part of a story. At the end of the narration, by one of those quick transitions of children, an older pupil suddenly asks why do they have to learn singing at school? "What is drawing for?" Tolstoy rhetorically asks, puzzled for the moment about how to explain the usefulness of art. "Yes, why draw figures?" - another queries. "What is a lime tree for?" a third asks. At once all begin to speculate on these questions, and the fact emerges that not everything exists for use, that there is also beauty, and that art is beauty

"It feels strange to repeat what we said then," Tolstoy writes, "but it seems to me that we said all that can be said about utility, and plastic and moral beauty."

The ten-year-old was the last of the group to be delivered to his home. He still clung to Tolstoy's hand, out of gratitude it seemed, and as he entered the miserable thatched hut of his poverty-stricken parents, in which his father and the drunken village tailor were gambling, the lad said pathetically:

"Good-by! Let us always have talks like this!"

Tolstoy ended this account in his article by meditating on the age-old question of the moral and practical utility of educating the masses. The cultured, he wrote, would remonstrate: Why give these poor peasant children the knowledge that will make them dissatisfied with their class and their lot in life? But such a peasant boy, concluded Tolstoy, addressing the upper class,

"needs what your life of ten generations unoppressed by labor has brought to you. You had the leisure to search, to think, to suffer — then give him that for which you suffered; this is what he needs. You, like the Egyptian priest, conceal yourself from him by a mysterious cloak, you bury in the earth the talent given to you by history. Do not fear: nothing human is harmful to man. Do you doubt yourself? Surrender to the feeling and it will not deceive you. Trust in his [the peasant boy's] nature, and you will be convinced that he will take only that which history commanded you to give him, that which you have earned by suffering."

The question of art and its relation to his young peasant pupils interested Tolstoy. With his customary freshness, attention to detail, and marvellous power of direct vision he discussed the subject in one of his most remarkable articles, " Who Should Teach Whom to Write, We the Peasant Children or the Peasant Children Us ?" It was inspired by an exciting experience in composition in his school. Themes on the usual subjects, such as descriptions of a forest, a pig, or a table, drove the children to tears. Tolstoy then suggested that they write a story on peasant life, to illustrate a proverb. The pupils found this difficult too, but one boy proposed that Tolstoy write the story himself, in competition with them. He composed several pages and then was interrupted by Fedka, who climbed on the back of his chair and read over his shoulder. Tolstoy explained the plot of the story and the boys immediately became interested. They criticized what had been done and suggested different ways of continuing. Fedka took the leading part in this discussion and surprised Tolstoy by his imagination and sense of proportion, important qualities in every art. Tolstoy set to work to write to the dictation of his pupils Syomka and Fedka, who angrily rejected superfluous details offered by others and eventually took command of the situation. The rest of the boys went home.

Tolstoy described how he and his two pupils worked feverishly from seven in the evening till eleven. Neither hunger nor weariness bothered them. In his account of their collective effort, he gave a number of convincing examples of the artistic rightness and fitness of details, descriptions, and selection that the boys argued and insisted upon. They drew from their experience of village life and characters; and they were nearly always right. Tolstoy was tremendously excited and admitted that he had felt such a strong emotion only two or three times in his life. He was amazed at his discovery of such artistic and creative powers in two peasant lads who could scarcely read or write, and it seemed almost offensive that he, a nationally known author, was virtually unable to instruct these eleven-year-old pupils in his art.

The next day, and still a third day, they continued the story with equal enthusiasm. Then the work was interrupted because Tolstoy had to go away for a few days. During his absence a craze for making popguns out of paper swept the school and the unfinished manuscript of the story was unwittingly sacrificed to this childish diversion. When Tolstoy discovered the loss upon his return, he was deeply chagrined. Fedka and Syomka, aware of his keen disappointment, offered to reproduce the tale themselves. They came after school one evening at nine o'clock and locked themselves in his study. Tolstoy listened at the door and heard them laughing. Then all grew quiet, except for subdued voices discussing the story, and the scratching of a pen. At midnight he knocked and was admitted. Fedka still had a few more sentences to dictate to Syomka, who stood at the large table busily writing, his lines running crookedly across the paper and his pen constantly stabbing at the inkpot. At last Tolstoy took the copybook. After a merry supper of potatoes and kvas, the boys lay down on their sheepskin coats under the writing table, and until sleep over-took them, their healthy, childish laughter rang through the room.

Tolstoy read the story over and found it very similar to the original draft. Some new details had been added, but the tale contained the same truth, measure, and feeling for beauty of the first version. Under the title of the Russian proverb, " The Spoon Feeds, but the Handle Sticks in the Eye ," he printed it, with very few changes, in his pedagogical magazine.

From this unusual experiment in composition Tolstoy drew some interesting conclusions. He declared that nearly all contemporary art was intended for people of leisure and artificial training and was therefore useless to the masses, whose demand for art was more legitimate. He dismissed with some vexation the stale notion that in order to understand and appreciate the beautiful a certain amount of preparation was necessary.

"Who said this?" he asked in his magazine account of the writing of the story. "Why? What proves it? It is only a dodge, a loophole to escape from the hopeless position to which the false direction of our art, produced for one class alone, has led us. Why are the beauty of the sun, of the human face, the beauty of the sounds of a folk song, and of deeds of love and self-sacrifice accessible to everyone, and why do they demand no preparation? "

Tolstoy's position was no doubt extreme, and there was also considerable exaggeration in his unqualified praise of the literary ability of his pupils, who were unquestionably inspired by his own artistic interests. Yet such schoolboy efforts helped to teach him the fundamental truth that the need to enjoy and serve art was inherent in every human being, and that this need had its right and should be satisfied.

Although the Society for National Education that Tolstoy projected found no support among government officials, his school was not without its influence. After the emancipation of the serfs, the government encouraged them to open their own schools. Peasants in the Tula district, where Yasnaya Polyana was situated, appealed to Tolstoy for teachers, and he willingly suggested a number. By 1862 there were no less than thirteen village schools in his area, and their teachers were all zealous disciples of Tolstoy's pedagogical approach. They caught from him a devotion and enthusiasm in what was essentially a pioneering venture. Living like peasants in the dirty, stuffy huts where they held their classes, and using tables for blackboards, they worked from seven in the morning until late at night. At first, like Tolstoy, they had to overcome the ignorant suspicions of peasant fathers and mothers who distrusted these newfangled methods of teaching and were alarmed because their children were not regularly beaten by the masters. But the fact that they were entirely free to send them to school or take them out overcame resistance. Finally, the happiness of the youngsters and their obvious progress in so short a time eventually won the parent's complete confidence in the system.

In a brief note " To the Public " that introduced his pedagogical magazine, Tolstoy eagerly invited criticism. Much of it was hostile and unconstructive, and particularly that which came from progressive thinkers of the time. He was called a " pedagogical nihilist " and his experiment was castigated as a complete overthrow of educational order and discipline. In a few periodicals, however, several teachers, weary of slavish Russian devotion to foreign models in pedagogy, bravely encouraged the less extreme aspects of his school. But, in general, his efforts failed to inspire enthusiastic acceptance among educators. His principle of freedom for both teachers and pupils was too radical a demand for even the most progressive theorists.

Worse still, in the eyes of critics, was Tolstoy's conviction that his educational ideas amounted to a revolt against established opinion in the name of healthy common sense. More-over, he scorned scientific exposition in his articles and used the simple and forceful prose of which he was a master. If he had elected to write treatises on experimental pedagogy in the accepted trade jargon, buttressed with elaborate footnotes and well-chosen citations from approved authorities, he would doubtless have gained a hearing, even if an unfavourable one.

As a matter of fact, certain government officials regarded Tolstoy's activities in education with dark suspicion. In October, 1862, the Minister of the Interior wrote to the Minister of National Education to complain about the harmful aspects of the pedagogical magazine. He pointed out that its general direction and spirit perverted the fundamental values of religion and morality, and he suggested that the censor's attention should be specifically directed toward correcting the situation.

In part, the fears of the Minister of the Interior were correct: Tolstoy's educational articles did call into question the whole contemporary concept of morality. His extremely radical position represented a danger not only to the whole foundation of educational practice, but to the authority of the State. The freedom that he advocated seemed to verge on rebellion, and children educated in this spirit would hardly grow up with proper reverence for those institutions of tsarist government that had been infested by corruption and oppression. His educational philosophy would place the human worth and well-being of the individual above the well-being of the State. In short, the spirit of Christian anarchy that Tolstoy was later to preach so openly and eloquently had already crept into his thinking. For in his educational articles he condemned the false morality of government and society, their despotism, the use of force, and the belief in the legality of punishment. And he frankly stated his belief that the masses could exist without the educated classes, and hence without government, but that the educated classes could not exist without the masses.

Because of his marriage, various discouragements, and a suddenly renewed interest in fiction writing, Tolstoy abandoned his school and the pedagogical magazine at the end of 1862. But his concern for the education of the young, which soon revived when his own children came along, remained with him for the rest of his life, as frequent references to it in letters and in his diary indicate. For example, in 1872 he published his first ABC Book, in which, he said, he had put more work and love than in anything else he had done. It contained a complete curriculum for beginning pupils. There are sections on reading and writing, with drawings, exercises, and various typographical devices to aid in spelling and pronunciation; there are also sections on natural sciences and arithmetic. He realized the importance of effective examples and exercises, and his selections are original and often reveal rare artistic taste. The frame of reference is restricted by the limitations of the students and their daily lives.

"From the natural sciences," he wrote a friend, "I did not choose what may be found in books or anything that I by chance knew or what appeared to me necessary to know, but only that which was clear and beautiful, and when it seemed to me insufficiently clear and beautiful, I tried to express it in my own way."

Several of the stories used as examples in the ABC Book are entirely Tolstoy's own; others are drawn from various folk sources.

The ABC Book, based upon pedagogical theories that Tolstoy had developed and put into practice in his village school was designed, as he said, for the teacher who loved both his calling and his pupils. The work firmly eschews useless or erudite knowledge, or facts beyond the comprehension or experience of beginners. For the chief significance of teaching, he maintained, was not in the assimilation of a known quantity of information, but in awakening in students an interest in knowledge.

Tolstoy was sadly disappointed at the reception of the ABC Book, in which he had deliberately tried to avoid extremes in his theorizing. However, the innovations infuriated pedagogues, and a deluge of sharp, even vicious, reviews resulted. The reviewers charged that the work was an attack on accepted methods of instruction, that he had opposed to a pedagogical system of reason one of faith, to a system of science one of instinct and imagination, and to a system of conviction and ideas one of moral principles. Stubbornly he turned once again to teaching peasant children in his district, in order to demonstrate the methods he advocated in his ABC Book.

In 1873 an invitation from the Moscow Committee on Literacy to explain his educational system to them again aroused Tolstoy's conviction that he had a national public service to perform in education. One result of the meeting was a request to test his ideas on teaching, in several subjects, against the conventional methods employed in the schools. Two groups of Moscow children of similar ages and social backgrounds were provided. One of Tolstoy's experienced Yasnaya Polyana teachers instructed a group, and a teacher designated by the Moscow Committee on Literacy the other. At the conclusion of seven weeks of teaching, six members of the committee examined both groups of students. Although there was no unanimity among the examiners, a majority decided that the pupils taught by Tolstoy's opponent had excelled in all three subjects — reading, writing, and arithmetic.

Tolstoy felt that the test had failed to prove anything because it had been conducted under the worst possible conditions. And he submitted the article previously mentioned, " On National Education ," to the popular magazine, ' Notes of the Fatherland '. It is in the form of a letter addressed to the head of the Moscow Committee on Literacy. The article (September, 1874) is largely a reaffirmation of the views Tolstoy expressed in the pages of his own pedagogical magazine twelve years before. With ruthless dogmatism he condemns outright the phonetic and visual methods of teaching then used in Russian elementary schools. And those native teachers who burned incense to German pedagogical theory he sharply criticized for failing to understand or respect the educational needs of the Russian masses. All a teacher has to know, he declares, is what to teach and how to teach. To find out what to teach, one must go to the people, to the students and their parents. At present, he asserts, the people demand that their children learn how to read and write and to cipher. Until they demand something more, teachers have no right to teach more. As for how to teach, he sums it up in his old phrase: the only criterion for pedagogy is freedom, the only method is experience.

The article created a great stir among the public, infinitely more so than all of Tolstoy's publications on educational themes in the past. To be sure, the work was attractively written, but now it had also come from the pen of the famous author of ' war and peace ', and he had had the good sense to print it in a widely read periodical. In a real sense the effort suddenly made the public pedagogically minded and inspired a surprisingly large number of articles and letters in a variety of magazines. Although the experts, with few exceptions, vigorously attacked him, his views elicited widespread sympathetic response among laymen. After years of striving he at last had the satisfaction of knowing that his theories had reached the general public.

With such encouragement, Tolstoy felt impelled to try for further success. In February, 1875, he published his New ABC Book. It was shorter, cheaper, more practical, and as he remarked in the foreword, adaptable to any method of teaching. Here, too, he now won success, for the Ministry of National Education recommended the work. It was widely adopted by schools and ran into many large editions (100,000 copies were printed for the 1900 edition).

At the same time, Tolstoy published four children's Readers, which contained material taken mostly from his first ABC Book. The excellence and variety of the selections, the artistic simplicity of the narratives, and no doubt the inexpensive price gained an enormous market for these little books, and over the years they sold in tens of thousands.

Tolstoy's old dream seemed on the point of realization — he was beginning to exercise a pronounced influence on the course of elementary education in Russia. And the dream expanded. He wanted to take a prominent place in the larger field of national education, and he wrote to the minister to inquire whether the government would consider a detailed program that he was contemplating on instruction in the schools and another for training teachers. Although the reply was favourable, it was delayed so long that the impatient Tolstoy had already charged off in another direction. Breaking a rule he had set up for himself, he accepted election to the County Council and an appointment to its Education Committee.

One naturally thinks of the poet Matthew Arnold, inspector of schools in England at this time. With Arnold, however, the post was a means of livelihood and a most unpoetic business. Tolstoy, in his more restricted sphere, found a world of poetry in the work of inspecting local schools. He agitated with some success for inexpensive instruction in the district, and he launched his pet project of establishing at Yasnaya Polyana a teachers' training seminary, for he wished to train peasant teachers to take their place in the milieu in which they had grown up and to provide the kind of education for peasant children that would not instill in them alien desires or render them unfit for the performance of duties to which they would be called by their position in life. This was to be, he remarked, a " university in bast shoes ."

In 1874 the Ministry of Education approved Tolstoy's carefully prepared plan for a teachers' training seminary. And his request to the Tula government for financial assistance in return for a certain number of tuition teaching scholarships was granted. But for some unexplained reason, perhaps because educational centers in the Tula government did not favour the idea, only twelve candidates applied for the program. This poor showing discouraged Tolstoy and he refused to open his " university in bast shoes ." It was his last constructive effort to improve formal education in Russia. A long and arduous chapter in the history of Tolstoy's civic conscience had come to an end.

Despite hostility to Tolstoy's educational practices and writings during his lifetime, since then there has been a tendency to acclaim him a brilliant innovator and one of the most significant of educational reformers. Experimental schools in America and abroad have profited from the full accounts he left of his own experiences. His methods of teaching the alphabet and reading, his insistence on self-reliance by obliging students to do manual labor, and his belief that the child should be allowed as much freedom as possible in the classroom — these features of his system have had their influence in later progressive education. And one of his principal theses, that the school should always remain a kind of pedagogical laboratory to keep it from falling behind universal progress, has found wide acceptance as an educational premise.

In one respect it may be said that his first absorbing educational experiment between 1859 and 1862 fulfilled another purpose: the school at Yasnaya Polyana contributed as much to the historical development of Tolstoy as it had to the education of peasant children — it brought him back to the career of fiction writing. It was as though a kind of catharsis had been effected that once again left his mind and spirit free for artistic work.

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