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Lesson 11.11: Information Technology

Lesson introduction, overview of the information technology career cluster.

Information Technology Career Cluster logo

The instructional content for this cluster is organized into four career pathways:

  • Information Support and Services
  • Interactive Media
  • Network Systems
  • Programming and Software Development

Teacher Resources

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To help students learn more about careers in Information Technology, download and distribute the Information Technology College and Career Planning Guide . The guide makes an excellent critical reading assignment for students interested in a career in the IT field.

WBL Experiences

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Click each course title below to learn about the two practicums in the IT Career Cluster.

Course Prerequisites

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The Computer Technician Practicum is recommended for students in Grades 10-12. Recommended prerequisites for this course:

  • Principles of Information Technology
  • Computer Maintenance and Computer Maintenance Lab
  • Networking and Networking Lab

Legal and Safety Considerations

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Typically, the responsibilities are as follows:

  • Training sponsors provide job-specific safety training.
  • Teacher-coordinators are responsible for providing general safety instruction to all students enrolled in the course and for ensuring that all training occurs according to schedule.
  • Teachers may assign students to research and report on specific safety and legal considerations for their job or industry.

The IT field has some unique legal and safety issues.

Click each topic below to learn more.

Curriculum Resources

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Take a moment to bookmark the Texas CTE Resource Center website . Later, be sure to explore curriculum guidelines and instructional resources for the AFNR Career Cluster.

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There are several CTSOs related to the IT field. Become familiar with those that are closely related to information technology so you can help students select the organization that best supports their career goals.

Take a few moments to bookmark the CTSO websites below to explore later. 

SkillsUSA Texas Texas Technology Student Association (TSA) ​ Business Professionals of America (BPA) Future Business Leaders of America (FBLA)

Professional Associations

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There are several professional association related to information technology, including those listed below. You may also want to check with your colleagues for advice.

Take a few moments to bookmark the CTE professional association websites below to explore later.

Texas Technology and Engineering Educators (TTEE) Texas Industrial Vocational Association (TIVA) Texas Business and Technology Educators Association (TBTEA)  

Lesson Conclusion

Copy and paste the link code above.

Related Items

information technology career pathways assignment

Information technology career pathways

by Devyn Patterson | May 23, 2023 | Blog

information technology career pathways assignment

5 information technology career pathways to start on in high school

Have you ever thought of yourself as a superhero.

Similar to many superheroes, you’re born with the innate ability to do certain things well. You may not be able to fly or have superhuman strength, but your natural talents—or aptitudes—are unique to you and just as special.

Once you discover your aptitudes, you can better plan your education pathway and become the superhero of your own career in fields such as information technology, where you create solutions, protect business data, and maintain system support for all.

Given the rise of technology and its fundamental component of business and everyday life, careers in information technology are on the upward climb. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, computer and information technology careers are projected to grow 15 percent from 2021 to 2031. If you’re a high school student who wants to get a head start on your career in information technology, you can take career and technical education (CTE) courses to gain experience and build your credentials.

5 fast-growing information technology careers to consider now

  • Web administrators
  • Information security analyst
  • Computer network architect
  • Document management specialist
  • Information technology project manager

Career 1 – web administrator

According to O*NET OnLine, a career exploration and job analysis tool sponsored by the U.S. Department of Labor, the work of a web administrator regularly includes:

  • Collaborating with others to resolve information technology issues
  • Monitoring the security of digital information
  • Documenting operational procedures
  • Maintaining contingency plans for disaster recovery
  • Creating electronic data backup to prevent loss of information

What is the outlook for web administrators?

  • Median wage for web administrators: $95,270 annually
  • Number of job openings: 34,700 positions
  • Growth: 8-10 percent, faster than the average growth

Do you have the skills to be a web administrator?

discussion illustration

  • Conventional – where work is supported by procedures and regulations to organize data
  • Enterprising – involves managing, negotiating, marketing, or advising people in political or legal situations
  • Investigative – heavy involvement in researching non-living objects and forms of impairment

information technology career pathways assignment

Discovery shows how interests will align with each job.

What education is required?

To be a web administrator, you’ll want to graduate high school and pursue your bachelor’s degree in either Information Systems, Computer Science, or a similar field.

To get a head start in these areas, you can use YouScience® Industry Certifications to build stackable credentials in information technology , such as:

  • Computer Programming I – learn the fundamentals of programming language using C++, C#, Java, Python, or Javascript
  • Business Webpage Design I – learn the principles and design of a website and advanced internet skills
  • Computer Technology I – learn the foundations of key application software, basic computing fundamentals, and how to use technology as an ethical tool.
  • Linux Fundamentals – learn to perform maintenance tasks, restore shutdowns, and reboot systems

Career 2 – information security analyst

  • Working with computers to program functions, write software, and process information
  • Monitoring data to recognize patterns to identify changes in circumstances
  • Using relevant data and personal judgment to identify if processes are in compliance with the law

Job outlook for information security analysts

  • Timeframe Orientation – ability to think about future goals and make a plan to achieve them
  • Work Approach – ability to think about tasks at hand and successfully accomplish them
  • Inductive reasoning – ability to quickly combine pieces of information to form conclusions.
  • Investigative – where there is heavy involvement in researching non-living objects and forms of impairment
  • Realistic – where you may design, build, or repair equipment, materials, or structures

To be an information security analyst, you must graduate high school and pursue a bachelor’s degree. However, with the competitiveness of the job, master’s level work in information assurance/information security is increasingly common. Graduate-level academic certificates are also well received. High school students can get the following certifications as well:

  • Business Communication I – Learn to effectively communicate in training sessions as well as communicate problems.
  • Cloud Computing I – Explore cloud computing services, applications, technologies, and use cases.
  • Computer Programming I – Learn to design, code, and test programs.
  • Network Fundamentals I – Learn how to configure, maintain and troubleshoot a network.

Career 3 – computer network architect

O*NET OnLine Lists the top 5 work activities for a computer network architect as:

  • Testing computer system operations to ensure proper functionality
  • Collaborate with others to determine design specifications or details
  • Coordinate project activities with other personnel or departments
  • Design integrated computer systems
  • Identify information technology project resource requirements

Job growth forecast for computer network architects

The growth forecast for a computer network architect is bright. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics , the job outlook keeps up with the average growth standard of 4 percent from 2021 to 2031. During this time, 7,500 jobs will become available, with California and Colorado having the highest employment rates. In 2021, the median annual income for a computer network architect was $120,520.

What natural abilities do computer network architects possess?

People with the following natural aptitudes will find great success if they have:

  • Sequential Reasoning – ability to create and follow established routines
  • Numerical Reasoning – ability to identify patterns in data and analyze it
  • Problem sensitivity – Knowing when something is wrong or about to go wrong.
  • Written expression -The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing to others can understand.

You will also be interested in types of work that let you be:

To become a computer network architect, you must graduate high school and get your four-year bachelor’s degree in computer and information technology, engineering, or a related field

Depending on the level of job within this field, a Master’s of Business Administration (MBA), or Master’s in Information Systems (MIS), or a Master’s of Information Systems Management (MSIS) could be required.

Students who want to get a head start can get Industry Certifications in the following areas:

  • Database Development – learn the fundamentals of databases and prove their knowledge through relational databases and structured query language (SQL)
  • Engineering Principles I – explore different engineering disciplines to develop a better understanding of how math and science are applied to engineering
  • Computer Programming I – learn the fundamentals of computer programming using problem-solving skills
  • Computer Programming II – build upon your skills learned in CP I and be introduced to dynamic data structures, utilization of classes, and applications of mathematical concepts
  • Algorithms and Data Structures – build upon skills learned in CP 1 and 2, you’ll learn the ideas, tools, structure, syntax, libraries and object-oriented design techniques for developing data structures

Career 4 – document management specialist

  • Working with computers to program, set up functions, and process information
  • Evaluating information to compare compliance with legal and company standards
  • Communicating with supervisors and peers using face-to-face or digital communication
  • Getting information by observing or receiving information from relevant sources
  • Documenting and recording information in written and electronic form

Job growth and forecast for document management specialists

  • Vocabulary – ability to effectively communicate ideas and share information
  • Idea Generation – ability to think of multiple ways to solve a problem
  • Database Development : learn the fundamentals of databases and prove their knowledge through relational databases and structured query language (SQL)
  • Business Office Specialist : gain computer competency through word processing, spreadsheets, databases, and electronic presentation software.
  • Desktop Publishing : create, format, illustrate, design, edit/reverse, and print publications to improve efficiency.

Career 5 – information technology project manager

Do you like working with people and computers? Then this could be the career for you. You’ll manage a team, their deadlines, and the project’s budget in this position. Due to the many hats you wear, O*NET OnLine created a list of titles such as cloud pProduct director, cybersecurity project manager, data center product director, or IT managers.

According to CareersOneStop , a day in the life of an IT project manager may contain the following activities:

  • Manage IT projects and monitor system performance
  • Collaborate with team members to resolve technical issues
  • Collect data about customer needs
  • Develop guidelines for system implementation

Job growth and forecast for IT project managers

Between 2021 and 2031, the job outlook is bright, with a 16 percent increase in job openings. The median salary of an IT Project Manager is $95,270 per year.

If you have any of the following abilities, you would be a great fit for this career choice:

To become an IT project manager, you must graduate from high school and get a four-year bachelor’s degree in computer science, information technology, or a related field in engineering technologies . Given this management position, getting your Master’s of Business Administration (MBA) or Master’s of Information Systems Management (MSIS) is encouraged.

To start on your path to becoming an IT project manager, YouScience offers the following certificates to give you an upper hand:

  • Cloud Computing I – Explore cloud computing services, applications, technologies, and use cases
  • Database Development – learn the fundamentals of database and prove their knowledge through relational databases and structured query language (SQL)
  • Computer Programming I – discover the fundamentals of programming language using C++, C#, Java, Python or Javascript
  • Computer Programing II (Java) – build on concepts from Computer Programming I and become experts in programming languages

Additional Credentials for any career in information technology

  • Business Mathematics and Personal Finance – Having money means nothing if you can’t appropriately manage it, so it’s beneficial to understand it early on
  • Business Law – Knowing the rules and regulations of business will help build your personal brand and save your company time and money
  • Business Leadership I – 97.5 percent of employers say leadership is important in any industry, so Industry Certifications can help you get a head start
  • Customer Service – knowing how to talk to others and effectively communicate solutions will help you get that next promotion
  • 21st Century Success Skills – gives you tangible proof of your employability skills, which include critical thinking, problem solving, creativity, leadership, teamwork, and collaboration skills, and more.

YouScience Career Connections

  • Double Tree by Hilton
  • Boy Scouts of America
  • Allstate Insurance Company
  • Ace Hardware Corporation
  • Nestle Corporation
  • Target Corporation
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What is Information Technology? Uncovering The Pathway To An IT Career

What is information technology

Information technology ( IT ) is the area of computing that focuses on using computer systems, hardware, software, and networks to manage, process, store, secure, and exchange information and data.  IT professionals  use programming languages, infrastructure, cloud platforms, databases, and specialized tools to achieve a primary goal of effectively harnessing technology to solve business, organizational, and personal problems at scale.

IT professionals  design, develop, test, implement, monitor, and manage information systems and technology solutions across industries. They build and integrate applications, troubleshoot issues, ensure systems security, and provide technical support – to name just a few key responsibilities.

A career in information technology offers an exciting blend of analytical, technical, and creative experiences, with the chance to drive innovation. Those in this field can find abundant opportunities in diverse settings, from startups to global enterprises, government agencies, schools, hospitals, and nonprofits. As our increasingly  digital world  continues to evolve with emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and edge computing, the role of  IT experts  becomes ever more crucial.

Overview of Information Technology

What Types of Careers Are Available in Information Technology?

Information technology  encompasses a diverse range of careers including system administrator, network engineer, software developer, IT consultant, cybersecurity analyst, and database manager, each focusing on different aspects of managing, developing, and securing computer systems and networks. Some other common  IT careers  include:

  • Software Developers:  Build, design, test and improve software applications, systems, and programs using languages like Java, Python, C++, etc.
  • Systems/Business Analysts:  Research technology needs of organizations and recommend solutions to improve operations.
  • Database Administrators:  Design, implement, secure, and troubleshoot organizational databases for optimal storage and access.
  • Network Administrators:  Set up, configure, and support communication networks like LANs, WANs, Wi-Fi systems, and hardware.
  • Information Security Analysts:  Oversee cybersecurity measures to protect systems, networks and data from breaches and threats.
  • Computer Support Specialists:  Provide technical assistance and advice to end-users on software or hardware issues.
  • Web Developers:  Build, create, and modify websites, integrating graphics, applications, and databases.
  • Data Scientists:  Collect, analyze, interpret and visualize data to uncover insights for business strategy.

What Is the Earning Potential of Information Technology Careers?

Information technology careers  offer substantial earning potential, with salaries varying based on factors like specialization, experience, geographic location, and the particular demands of the IT role, often above average compared to other industries. Salaries can vary significantly across  information technology  positions. However, IT roles tend to pay very well overall compared to national median income levels.

According to PayScale, the average base pay for common IT jobs in the United States includes:

IT Salaries

  • Software Developers – $77,693 per year
  • Systems/Business Analysts – $70,108 per year
  • Database Administrators – $77,982 per year
  • Network Administrators – $64,810 per year
  • Information Security Analysts – $77,316 per year
  • Computer Support Specialists – $49,987 per year
  • Web Developers – $63,567 per year
  • Data Scientists – $99,694 per year

Salaries also range based on factors like location, qualifications, certifications, and years of experience. Leadership or specialized technical roles can earn well into six figures at major tech companies or enterprises.

What Expertise Is Required for a Career in Information Technology?

A career in information technology  requires expertise in areas such as systems analysis, network administration, software development, and cybersecurity, along with a strong foundation in computer science principles and problem-solving skills. On top of that, here are a few other key areas to include:

  • Technical skills:  Proficiency in operating systems, networking, coding/scripting languages, infrastructure, security tools, etc.
  • Analytical skills:  Ability to interpret complex data, identify issues/patterns, problem-solve.
  • Project management:  Coordinating teams, budgets, timelines, requirements, risks, resources.
  • Communication:  Conveying technical details accurately; collaborating across teams.
  • Creativity:  Innovating solutions; integrating emerging technologies.
  • Business skills:  Understanding workflows, processes, organizational objectives.
  • Interpersonal skills:  Supporting diverse users; cultivating stakeholder relationships.

Ongoing learning is also crucial to keep pace with the latest advancements.  Certifications  demonstrate up-to-date specialized expertise.

Want To Learn Computer Science From Home? Jessup University’s Unique Online BS in Computer Science Can Make It Happen!

What Are Some Typical Tasks and Responsibilities in an It Role?

Typical tasks and responsibilities in an IT role  include managing and configuring hardware and software systems, ensuring network security, providing technical support, implementing new technologies, and maintaining data integrity and system efficiency. Daily work varies greatly across  information technology  positions. However, some other examples of common tasks and duties include:

Software Developers

  • Analyze user/system requirements
  • Design programming logic and interfaces
  • Write, debug and maintain code
  • Refactor/optimize applications
  • Develop software documentation
  • Perform testing and quality assurance
  • Provide ongoing maintenance and upgrades

Database Administrators

  • Design and implement database architecture
  • Install database management software
  • Configure access permissions and security policies
  • Migrate data from legacy systems
  • Develop backup/recovery procedures
  • Ensure high availability and performance
  • Monitor database capacity and storage needs
  • Write database documentation

Network Administrators

  • Install cabling, routing and switching equipment
  • Configure firewalls, intrusion detection/prevention systems
  • Assign IP addresses; name domains
  • Set up Wi-Fi networks and remote access
  • Perform capacity planning
  • Troubleshoot network issues
  • Control access privileges and security options
  • Upgrade equipment/services

What Are Some Key Facts and Trends Influencing Information Technology Today?

Key Facts and Trends Influencing Information Technology

Key facts and trends influencing information technology today  include the rapid growth of cloud computing, the increasing importance of cybersecurity, the integration of AI and machine learning in systems, and the ongoing digital transformation in various sectors. Information technology continues to transform rapidly, with new advances reshaping its scope every year. Some major facts and trends include:

  • Global IT spending is projected to reach $4.1 trillion in 2024 , an increase of 8% from 2023.
  • The meteoric rise of smartphones means more than 6 billion people now routinely access wireless high-speed internet in their pockets.
  • Over 4.95 billion records were exposed via data breaches in the first 9 months of 2022 alone.
  • IT now accounts for a significant amount of capital expenditure in many organizations.
  • By 2025, as much as 75% of enterprise data is expected to be processed at edge locations outside the cloud.
  • By 2032, US technology employment is forecast to surpass 6.1 million workers directly.
  • Advances like 5G networks, augmented reality, voice interfaces, and quantum computing point to a new wave of technological disruption.
  • Responsible innovation, ethics of technology, and tech’s environmental impact are increasingly crucial concerns.

What Does the Future Look Like for Careers in Information Technology?

The future for careers in information technology  looks highly promising, driven by continuous technological advancements, a growing emphasis on digital security, and the expanding role of IT in driving business and organizational innovation. With technology infiltrating virtually every industry, profession, and aspect of society, demand for skilled  IT workers  continues to accelerate rapidly.

As per the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment of computer and information technology related occupations is projected to grow 14.6% from 2021 to 2031 – much faster than the average across all occupations. Software developers and IT project managers are expected to be among the fastest growing individual roles.

Technologies on the horizon – like  artificial intelligence ,  Internet of Things , distributed ledgers, extended reality and bio-computing – will also create new specialty areas and opportunities within information technology.

Meanwhile, the nature of technology work itself stands to evolve significantly thanks to trends like remote/hybrid work environments, gig economy platforms, increasing diversity in the workforce, and rising focus on climate change related technology innovation.

Educational Pathways for Budding Computer Scientists

Considering a career in  information technology ?  Jessup University’s Bachelor of Science in Computer Science  presents an in-depth program that fuses theoretical foundations with practical application. With options for both in-person and online learning , our approach is adaptable to various educational preferences, allowing students to excel in their chosen format.

In-person attendees will benefit from 15-week courses, immersive community involvement, and comprehensive resource access. Those opting for the online route can take advantage of shorter, 7-week courses, flexible scheduling, and six annual start dates. This program offers specializations in  Cybersecurity, Data Analytics, Data Science, Information Technology, and Software Engineering , providing a customized educational journey whether you’re on campus or studying from afar.

Jessup University’s Program Focus Areas and Principal Courses:

Cybersecurity (Online Only):

  • Introduction to Cybersecurity
  • Cybercrime and Governance
  • Contemporary Cybersecurity
  • Network and System Security
  • Cyber Forensics

Data Analytics (Online Only):

  • Foundations of Data Analytics I & II
  • Data Analytics Principles & Techniques I & II
  • Data Analytics Practicum

What is Data Science :

  • Data Science 1 & 2
  • Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
  • Calculus II, Linear Algebra, Intro to Mathematical Proofs

Software Engineering Concentration:

  • Mobile Computing
  • Web Stack Technologies
  • Data Structures & Algorithms 2
  • Database Systems

…and more.

Crucial Skills for Success in Computer Science

What is computer science ? It’s the field of study that focuses on computation, information, and automation using computers and computational systems. It’s the backbone and foundation behind software engineering, and can lead you many directions within the tech space.

Prospering in the ever-changing field of computer science is tied to a robust skill set.  Jessup University’s program  stresses expertise in advanced programming languages, proficiency in modern software development methodologies, and effective technical communication.

The curriculum deepens understanding of computational challenges, their requirements, and constraints. Additionally, it embeds a  Christian ethical outlook towards technology , preparing graduates to be proficient and morally responsible in their field.

Whether participating in on-campus activities or via online modules, students are groomed to deploy their skills in various professional settings, armed with our  Computer Science degree .

What is Information Technology: Closing Thoughts

We’ve explored the full scope of  information technology , from its fundamental principles to the extensive possibilities it offers. Information technology is more than an academic pursuit; it’s a gateway to the future and a means to build a world where innovation and practicality merge seamlessly.

Imagine yourself leading innovation in the field of computing and information systems. What technological breakthroughs will your ideas unlock? How will you leverage the power of information to create a better future for business, education, healthcare or even art? The world of information technology overflows with potential waiting to be harnessed.

If a career crafting the algorithms of tomorrow inspires you, then Jessup University is where your passion for technology and innovation can develop into a fulfilling pathway. Reach out to find out how you can start your journey and access the knowledge, tools and community needed to drive change .

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information technology career pathways assignment

Modal title

What can I do with an information technology degree?

Your degree does not strictly determine your career, but it does point you in certain directions.

What job can you get with an information technology degree?

Most information technology graduates go on to become information security managers , network administrators , and information security auditors . Information technology grads also go on to become information security analysts and systems administrators . Here is a list of careers where the skills you learn in an information technology degree will be useful:

Information Security Manager

Information Security Manager

Network Administrator

Network Administrator

Information Security Auditor

Information Security Auditor

Information Security Analyst

Information Security Analyst

Systems Administrator

Systems Administrator

Systems Engineer

Systems Engineer

Computer Repair Technician

Computer Repair Technician

Security Engineer

Security Engineer

Systems Analyst

Systems Analyst

IT Support Specialist

IT Support Specialist

Pro tip Still unsure if a degree in information technology is your calling? Read our comprehensive guide on how to choose a career

Find out what graduates typically earn.

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Information Technology Career Pathways

What is information technology .

Information technology is one of the fastest growing industries today. Information technology career pathways are incredibly broad, and include branches like computer programming, web development, and networking. With the rapid expansion of tech startups and similar organizations, pursuing a tech job, even without a degree, offers security and benefits that you won’t find in other industries.

Why we Love the Information Technology Industry

The tech industry’s continued growth and the accelerated development of new technologies let you get an income quickly, whether it’s your primary income or something on the side. In addition, the rapid expansion and desire for qualified employees means there are lots of eligible high paying tech jobs without a degree needed.

Technology doesn’t have to be intimidating, math isn’t always required, and there’s numerous information technology career pathways to choose from across the country for individuals with the right skills.

Tech jobs without a degree or with a degree are great fits for people who enjoy logic, solving problems, and seeing the immediate results of their work.

In different technology-focused jobs, you may get to build computer hardware, create programs and applications, learn different computer languages, and/or work as part of a team on creative and practical projects.

Getting into the field has never been easier. While some companies once required traditional 4-year degrees, many companies offer tech jobs without a degree required to individuals with specialized certificates from bootcamps or accelerated learning programs.

information technology career pathways assignment

What are important details to consider when pursuing different information technology career pathways?

Regardless of what industry or information technology career pathway team you choose, most of your time will be spent grinding out code, reading data, or using programs for hours everyday. For some people, 8 hours of screen time may sound draining and tedious. However, modern office jobs often require 6-8 hours of the workday on the computer regardless, so take this into account when considering a new career.

Since most tech jobs involve multiple hours spent at a computer desk, there are certain stressors placed on your body. Computer screens with small font and harsh lighting can negatively affect your eyes. Improper sitting posture can hurt your back, especially over time. However, small habitual changes and adjustments to your work station can make a large difference. Ease tension in your eye by making font sizes bigger or using a blue light filter. Follow the 20-20-20 rule by looking at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds every 20 minutes to help you focus in the long run and keep your eyes healthy. Use a standing desk, a treadmill desk, or an exercise ball to help engage your body, correct your posture, and promote physical health.

While it’s possible to get tech jobs without a degree, tech companies look for employees with demonstrable skills. Keep a portfolio of all of your work and anything you contributed to a project. Some employers may ask for a practical demonstrations, samples, or an assessment to see if your skills are up to their expectations.

There’s a broad spectrum of different information technology career pathways. All careers are unique and often require different skills. Below is a list of a information technology career pathways with a short summary of what might be needed. This isn’t a comprehensive list of required skills, but job postings will almost certainly list out their expectations.

Software development – Problem-solving abilities and knowledge of Java, SQL, Software engineering, C#

Front-end web development – some design abilities and knowledge of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Part of Full-Stack Web Development.

Back-end web development – problem-solving abilities, cybersecurity, or knowledge of PHP and .NET languages. Part of Full Stack Web Development

Data science – curiosity and results-orientation, knowledge of Python, R, cloud computing, and GItHub

IT Support – people-orientation, advanced understanding of Windows, Apple, or Linux OS, and networking.

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Great Resources for Pursuing Tech Jobs without a Degree:

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What is Data Science?

The Difference Between Front-End and Back-End Development

What does a Software Developer Do?

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Career Pathways Descriptive and Analytical Project

About the study.

The career pathways approach to workforce development emerged to help less educated workers advance to better paying jobs by earning in-demand postsecondary credentials. The approach involves articulated steps of education, training, and employment within an industry sector, combined with other services, to support participant success. In 2018, the Chief Evaluation Office (CEO) partnered with the Employment and Training Administration (ETA) to fund contractor Abt Associates to conduct the Career Pathways Descriptive and Analytical project, which included a portfolio of three studies: a meta-analysis on the impacts of career pathways program approaches; a longitudinal career trajectories and occupational transitions study; and an exploratory machine learning study. Each study fills important gaps in the evidence base.

For the project’s Meta-Analysis, researchers summarized the results of 46 impact evaluations of programs which included elements of the career pathways approach. The programs examined in those studies—managed by the Department of Labor, Department of Health and Human Services, and the Department of Education, among others—were diverse across a range of dimensions, including what they offered, how they provided those offerings, who they served, and their local contexts. The meta-analysis leveraged available evaluation data to quantify causal and correlational relationships across programs and study designs.

The Career Trajectories and Occupational Transitions Study aimed to understand workers’ career trajectories and transitions as they occur in the labor market, for many sectors and occupations. Researchers used data from four large nationally representative longitudinal surveys, as well as licensed data on occupational transitions from online career profiles, to examine workers’ career paths and wages. Of note, the study identifies shared characteristics of “launchpad” occupations—or occupations from which workers go on to experience higher-than-average wage growth—across sectors. Click here to see the interactive Career Trajectories and Occupational Transitions Dashboard .

Finally, the exploratory Machine Learning Study examined the use machine learning approaches to synthesize a large body of career pathways implementation program data. It provides insights into the potential uses of this powerful tool and its evolving legal, computing, and cost environment.

This Department of Labor-funded study was a result of the annual learning agenda process. It contributes to the growing labor evidence base to inform employment and training programs and policies and addresses Department strategic goals and priorities.

Download the summary

Tableau Dashboard

More About the Career Pathways Descriptive and Analytical Project

How well has the career pathways approach worked? reviews the results of a meta-analysis of career pathways evaluations that examined 1) whether career pathways programs have increased participants’ educational progress and helped them to find employment and earn higher wages and 2) what traits characterize more effective career pathways programs.

  • Tools You Can Use: DOL's New Career Trajectories and Occupational Transitions Dashboard (Webinar, June 2022)
  • A Meta-Analysis of 46 Career Pathways Impact Evaluations (Final Report, January 2022)
  • New Insights on Career Pathways: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis (Summary Brief, January 2022)
  • Building Better Pathways: An Analysis of Career Trajectories and Occupational Transitions (Final Report, January 2022)
  • Appendix: Healthcare, Early Care and Education, Information Technology, and Production/Manufacturing Career Trajectories and Occupational Transition Findings (Expanded Analyses by Occupational Cluster, January 2022)
  • Wage Growth Disparities by Gender and Race/Ethnicity Among Entrants to Mid-Level Occupations (Short Paper, January 2022)
  • Machine Learning in Workforce Development Research: Lessons and Opportunities (Issue Brief, January 2022)
  • Career Pathways: Highlights of Continuous Program Improvement and Evidence Building (One Pager, January 2022)
  • Career Pathways Research and Evaluation Matrix (November 2020)

Public Use Data

Career pathways meta-analysis.

  • CP Meta-Analysis Public Use Dataset Documentation  (.pdf)
  • CP Meta-Analysis Coding Protocol  (.pdf)
  • CP Meta-Analysis Public Dataset (.dta)
  • CP Meta-Analysis Public Dataset (.xlsx)

Career Trajectories and Occupational Transitions Study

Trajectories Data

  • Trajectories (3 Years) Codebook  (.xlsx)
  • Trajectories (5 Years) Codebook  (.xlsx)
  • Trajectories (10 Years) Codebook  (.xlsx)
  • Dashboard cluster Codebook  (.xlsx)
  • Dashboard trajectories Codebook  (.xlsx)

CSV Datasets

  • Trajectories (3 years) dataset (.csv)
  • Trajectories (5 years) dataset (.csv)
  • Trajectories (10 years) dataset (.csv)
  • Dashboard cluster dataset (.csv)
  • Dashboard trajectories dataset (.csv)

Stata Datasets

  • Trajectories (3 years) dataset (.dta)
  • Trajectories (5 years) dataset (.dta)
  • Trajectories (10 years) dataset (.dta)
  • Dashboard cluster dataset (.dta)
  • Dashboard trajectories dataset (.dta)

Transitions Data

  • CPS-SIPP Codebook  (.xlsx)
  • Emsi Codebook  (.xlsx)
  • Data Dashboard transitions codebook  (.xlsx)
  • CPS-SIPP dataset (.csv)
  • Emsi dataset (.csv)
  • Dashboard transitions dataset (.csv)
  • CPS-SIPP dataset (.dta)
  • Emsi dataset (.dta)
  • Dashboard transitions dataset (.dta)

This project includes codebooks as well as data documentation. For research inquiries about accessing datasets associated with this project, please contact us at [email protected] .

  • CTOT PUD Documentation  (.pdf)

Meta-Analysis of Career Pathways Programs

  • CP_DA_Public Use_Data_Documentation (.pdf)

Emsi Transitions Data

  • Emsi Codebook (.xlsx)

CPS/SIPP Transitions Data

  • CPS-SIPP Codebook (.xlsx)

Three-, Five-, and Ten-Year Trajectories Data

  • Trajectories (3 Years) Codebook (.xlsx)
  • Trajectories (5 Years) Codebook (.xlsx)
  • Trajectories (10 Years) Codebook (.xlsx)

Dashboard Cluster Data

  •   Dashboard cluster Codebook (.xlsx)

Dashboard Trajectories Data

  • Dashboard trajectories Codebook (.xlsx)

Dashboard Transitions Data

  • Dashboard transitions codebook (.xlsx)
  • How do workers progress through multiple, progressively higher levels of education and training, and associated jobs, within a pathway over time? How does the demand for workers and credentials map to employer demand? How do these career trajectories vary by business and industry sector and by occupational cluster?
  • How can previous research studies on career pathways programs and components be systematically assessed to derive conclusions about that growing and complex body of research?
  • Can predictive analytics, machine learning and related approaches to encode and analyze existing data help to identify trends and patterns within existing career pathways study data that were not revealed through traditional analyses? What trends are revealed? How might these approaches improve procedures and the ability to identify themes and data?
  • To what extent can we identify: which components of career pathways programs are the strongest drivers of impacts? For what demographic groups? The most effective components at the program level or systems level?

A Meta-Analysis of 46 Career Pathways Impact Evaluations:

  • The career pathways approach achieved large gains in participants’ educational progress and employment in the industry trained for . The approach had small impacts on overall employment.
  • The career pathways approach increased participants’ short-term earnings by a very small amount but did not meaningfully increase medium or long-term earnings . Researchers noted that few evaluations reported earnings over more than five years, indicating an opportunity for additional research.
  • Larger educational progress impacts were associated with a staffing agency serving as a partner, or when employer engagement activities involved employer input on curricula or program design . Programs that had a community or technical college as the lead or partner all had positive educational progress impacts, but those impacts were generally smaller.
  • Larger labor market impacts were associated with programs that had a larger share of Black participants . Smaller labor market impacts were associated with programs that offered flexible sequencing of courses or offered tuition or other financial assistance.

Building Better Pathways: An Analysis of Career Trajectories and Occupational Transitions:

  • There is meaningful variation in wage growth trajectories among workers starting in mid-level occupations . Assuming a starting wage of $20 per hour, entrants to launchpad occupations earn about $7.20 more per hour after 10 years compared to those who enter lower-wage-growth occupations.
  • Several characteristics distinguish launchpad occupations . Though launchpad occupations can be found across occupational clusters, workers who enter occupations in “Knowledge” clusters such as Information Technology, Management/Finance, and Engineering/Science/Architecture see the highest average wage growth. Launchpad occupations emphasize transferrable skills such as problem solving and two-way communication. Problem solving is not just foundational for advancement, but also a skill that becomes more important as workers advance occupationally. Skills in managing people also become more important as workers advance to higher paying occupations.
  • Distinct worker experiences are associated with wage growth . Frequent job changes (seven or more over a 10-year period) are associated with lower wage growth. Workers that experience lower wage growth also spend fewer months working on average. In contrast, leaving a starting occupational cluster is associated with greater wage growth.
  • Wage growth varies for workers with different backgrounds or experiences who start in the same mid-level occupation . For example, women tend to experience lower wage growth than men, and similarly, Hispanic and Black workers tend to experience lower wage growth than White non-Hispanic workers. In addition, workers with higher levels of education tend to experience higher wage growth than those without a high school diploma or equivalent. This trend also holds for workers who have a parent with a college degree: these workers experience higher wage growth than those whose parents do not have a college degree.
  • When they make an occupational transition, women and workers of color are less likely to advance to higher-level jobs , and more likely to stay in the same occupational cluster.
  • The Career Trajectories and Occupational Transitions Dashboard is a new source of labor market information that, together with other data sources, can be used to develop programs and policies that are responsive to the real-world experience of workers . The dashboard offers a way for users to interact with the data used in the project to explore: (1) how workers in mid-level occupations move through specific jobs and occupational clusters, and (2) how they experience wage growth over time. This information can be used by policymakers and practitioners to identify “launchpad” occupations associated with higher wage growth, look for clusters or occupational characteristics associated with wage growth, and understand where disparities exist and could be addressed.

Machine Learning in Workforce Development Research: Lessons and Opportunities:

  • Machine learning can be a powerful tool in the right context . Machine learning approaches and tools can be used to analyze large volumes of data to answer clear research questions that cannot feasibly be answered using traditional methods, though users should be cognizant of the risks and limitations involved (such as the approach’s evolving legal, computing, and cost environment).
  • Conducting a “discovery” phase would help identify if particular research questions are good candidates for workforce-focused machine learning projects instead of traditional methods. A framework of goals and activities is offered to help yield promising opportunities to use machine learning.

Career Pathways Meta-Analysis Final Report

Peck, L.R., Schwartz, D., Strawn, J., Weiss, C. C., Juras, R., de la Rosa, S. M., Greenstein, N., Morris, T., Durham, G., Lloyd, C. (2021). Abt Associates. A Meta-Analysis Of 46 Career Pathways Impact Evaluations: Final Report. Chief Evaluation Office, U.S. Department of Labor.

Career Pathways Meta-Analysis Summary Brief

Strawn, J., Peck, L. R., Schwartz, D. (2021). Abt Associates. New Insights on Career Pathways: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis. Chief Evaluation Office, U.S. Department of Labor.

Career Trajectories and Occupational Transitions Final Report

Schwartz, D., Clarkwest, A., Hashizume, M., Kappil, T., Strawn, J. (2021). Abt Associates. Building Better Pathways: An Analysis of Career Trajectories and Occupational Transitions. Chief Evaluation Office, U.S. Department of Labor.

Appendix: Career Trajectories and Occupational Transition Findings

Abt Associates. (2021).  Appendix: Healthcare, Early Care and Education, Information Technology, and Production/Manufacturing Career Trajectories and Occupational Transition Findings. Chief Evaluation Office, U.S. Department of Labor.

Wage Growth Disparities Short Paper

Clarkwest, A., Kappil, T., Schwartz, D., Hashizume, M., Martinson, K. (2021). Abt Associates. Wage Growth Disparities by Gender and Race/Ethnicity Among Entrants to Mid-Level Occupations in the United States: Findings from the Career Trajectories and Occupational Transitions Study. Chief Evaluation Office, U.S. Department of Labor.

Machine Learning Issue Brief

De La Rosa, S. M., Greenstein, N., Schwartz, D., Lloyd, C. (2021). Abt Associates. Machine Learning in Workforce Development Research: Lessons and Opportunities. Chief Evaluation Office, U.S. Department of Labor.

Career Pathways One-Pager

Abt Associates. (2021). Career Pathways: Highlights of Continuous Program Improvement and Evidence-Building . Chief Evaluation Office, U.S. Department of Labor.

Career Pathways Knowledge Development Brief

Sarna, M., Adam, T. (2020). Abt Associates. Evidence on Career Pathways Strategies: Highlights from a Scan of the Research. Chief Evaluation Office, U.S. Department of Labor.

Career Pathways Research and Evaluation Matrix

Sarna, M., Adam, T. (2020). Abt Associates. Expanded Career Pathways Research and Evaluation Matrix. Chief Evaluation Office, U.S. Department of Labor.

Project Duration : 36 months

Contract End Date : September 2021

Contractor : Abt Associates

For More Information : [email protected]

The Department of Labor’s (DOL) Chief Evaluation Office (CEO) sponsors independent evaluations and research, primarily conducted by external, third-party contractors in accordance with the Department of Labor Evaluation Policy . CEO’s research development process includes extensive technical review at the design, data collection and analysis stage, including: external contractor review and OMB review and approval of data collection methods and instruments per the Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA), Institutional Review Board (IRB) review to ensure studies adhere to the highest ethical standards, review by academic peers (e.g., Technical Working Groups), and inputs from relevant DOL agency and program officials and CEO technical staff. Final reports undergo an additional independent expert technical review and a review for Section 508 compliance prior to publication. The resulting reports represent findings from this independent research and do not represent DOL positions or policies.

Incorporate STEM journalism in your classroom

  • Exercise type: Activity
  • Topic: Science & Society

Exploring STEM career paths

  • Download Student Worksheet

Purpose: Students will learn about the vast variety of STEM-related careers, consider what careers might align with their interests and skills, and identify potential paths to those careers. After completing the activity, students will see that there are countless ways to work in a STEM field.

Procedural overview: Students will read the online Science News article “ How our SN 10 scientists have responded to tumultuous times ” for homework to prepare for this activity.

During the first class period, briefly discuss the article before asking students to explore their own interests and skills using the student worksheet.  Students should then use the website Science Buddies or other online resources to identify STEM careers that interest them. By following the instructions on the worksheet, students will create a map or flowchart to model a possible career path for themselves.

During the second class period, students will use the Science News archive to find a STEM professional with a career like one that students have chosen for themselves. Students will research how that person got to where they are now and answer related questions. For extra credit or as a continuation of the activity, students can present their STEM professional’s career path via a poster or other visual medium.

Approximate class time: 2 class periods

Access to the internet

Exploring STEM career paths student worksheet

Want to make it a virtual lesson?

This activity can be done virtually using interactive meeting software for the discussion component. Post the student worksheet to your virtual learning platform. Students can submit completed assignments electronically.

Background on choosing a STEM career

There are many ways to have a career in STEM. Research scientists, engineers and mathematicians have obvious connections to STEM fields. But park rangers, electricians, patent lawyers, architects, forensic investigators and many others need training in one or more STEM fields.

So why do people choose careers in STEM? Often, people want to study a particular problem or better understand how something in the world works. They study a field that seems most related to their interests. For instance, a student interested in climate change may pursue ecology to study how changing climate affects animals, plants and ecosystems. Another student with the same interest might pursue engineering to build satellites that monitor climate effects on farmland. A third student might pursue computer science to learn how to model oceans and climate change.

There are several broad fields within STEM; among them are engineering, health, life sciences, physical sciences, math and computer science. All the broad fields break down into subdisciplines. Many STEM fields require study across disciplines. A biologist, for instance, may study chemistry, physics and math along with biology. A chemical engineer will study chemistry, but also math and physics. Epidemiologists study biology, but also public health and statistics.

Because the worlds of science and technology change so quickly, people who enter STEM fields are always learning something new. This makes STEM careers good choices for people who are curious and like challenges.

Directions for teachers:

Have the students read the online Science News article “ How our SN 10 scientists have responded to tumultuous times ” for homework. A version of the article, “SN 10: Times of Change,” appears in the October 9, 2021 issue of Science News .

Class period 1: Charting a path

Begin the class with a discussion of the reading and ask students how they think the scientists featured got to where they are now.

Remind students that STEM professionals were once high school students like them. Some pursued advanced studies in biology, computer science, astronomy and other fields. But you don’t need an advanced degree in the sciences to have a satisfying STEM-related career. Draw on information from “Background on choosing a STEM career” if needed.

Tell students that they are first going to think about their interests and skills using the prompts provided. Do they have well-developed fine motor skills? Do they enjoy coding? Is being outdoors important to them? Are they caring when people or animals are sick? Can they persevere when things are difficult? Identifying their interests and strengths might help students pick and map a career.

After completing the first set of prompts, students will explore different careers using Science Buddies or other online resources and choose a few careers that interest them.

Once they have selected a few career options, they will use the next set of prompts to consider the steps needed to reach one of those careers and outline a map or flowchart from where they are now to that career. If more than one career interests them, they can create multiple paths or show different paths on the same map or flowchart. Encourage students to use arrows and other symbols in their maps or flowcharts.

Note that accessing some career information on Science Buddies requires creating a free account. You can also find additional resources online. Science Buddies lists key requirements for the fields. These requirements range from interest in animals to the ability to communicate to trustworthiness (that trait is required for cryptographers).

This activity is an opportunity for your students to see themselves in new ways and imagine a future they had not previously considered. Remind students that they are just exploring the range of possible STEM career options; they are not committing to a particular career.

Student prompts for “Charting a path”

To chart your path to a STEM career, answer the questions and prompts below by circling sample answers or writing in your own.

1. First, consider your existing interests and skills, and what motivates you.

I like to…                                                             Help people, Write, Code and game, Draw, Explore new places, Be outdoors, Build models, Play sports, Cook, Sing, Perform, Dance, Listen to music, Write your own:

I’m good at…                                                     Public speaking, Solving problems, Encouraging others, Noticing details, Thinking big picture, Being creative, Leading a team, Synthesizing information, Active listening, Coordinating others, Creating systems, Working independently, Reading comprehension, Write your own:

I care about… Climate change, Animals, Sustainability, Conservation, Clean energy, Cybersecurity, Space exploration, Transportation, Mental health, Teaching others, Food supply, Human health and wellness, Equity and inclusion, Write your own:

My favorite high school STEM subjects are…     Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Computer science, Math, Earth science, Anatomy, Psychology, Health, Technology, Engineering, Write your own:

2. Next, explore Science Buddies or other online resources to identify two or three careers that sound interesting to you. What does a person in that career do? Why does that career sound interesting? How does it fit with your interests and skills? What do the careers you selected have in common? What makes them different?

STEM careers that interest me include…                             Veterinarian, Pharmacologist, Climate modeler, Robotics engineer, Biomedical researcher, Agronomist, Teacher, Architect, Physical therapist, Science reporter, Patent lawyer, Statistician, Oceanographer, Cartographer, Food scientist, Economist, Write your own:

3. Now, identify the steps that could get you from your current interests and skills to one of the STEM careers you have identified. Consider the importance of academic degrees, training or experience. Use Science Buddies or other online resources to guide you.

High school coursework might include… Culinary arts, Anatomy, Computer science, Calculus, Statistics, Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Introduction to research, Write your own:

Vocational training programs might include… Dental hygienist, Medical technologist, Web developer, Assistants in physical or occupational therapy, HVAC mechanic or installer, Massage therapy, Electrician, Write your own:

College majors might be… Biology, Biochemistry, Physics, Biomedical engineering, Forestry, Nutrition, Computer science, Civil engineering, Genetics, Agronomy, Economics, Write your own:                 

Additional education might be…             Ph.D. in STEM subject, Masters in STEM, Masters in writing or communication, Business school, Medical school, Associate degree in nursing, Certificate in aerospace engineering, Law degree, Certificate in nutrition, License in teaching, Clarify further or write your own:

Skills I’ll need include… Computer coding, Data analysis, Strong leadership, Active listening, Critical thinking, Writing, Speaking, Reading comprehension, Social perceptiveness, Complex problem solving, Judgement and decision making, Mathematics, Mechanical aptitude, Fine motor skills, Write your own:

Work experience could include… Internship with local newspaper, Volunteering at a nature center, Lab experience at local college or university, Student teaching, Internships in consulting or research firms, Database management, Systems administration, Internship at a law firm, Write your own:

4. Finally, you’ll create a path that gets you from where you are now to where you want to be. A sample path from an interest in coding and earth science to a career as a climate modeler is shown. What might a path from your interests and skills to your selected career look like? Draw a map or flowchart of that path. Indicate when you might learn important skills or gain necessary experience along the way. What would a path to a second career look like? Can you think of an alternative route? 

Coding and gaming + Earth science Ă  Computer science courses in high school + Volunteering building a website for a local nature center Ă  College major in Oceanography + Courses in CSS and JavaScript Ă  Ph.D. in Climate Science Ă  Climate modeler

Class period 2: Zooming in

In this segment, students will identify a STEM professional and study their career path. The person can be a scientist, engineer, mathematician or someone who works in a different STEM field.

Students will use Science News SN 10, Science News for Students Cool Jobs or the Science News archive to find a STEM professional with an interesting career. Students can find additional information by searching online. Remind them not to contact the scientists.

Ask the students to answer the questions that follow. A few questions are drawn from “ Forging paths to STEM success ,” a Science News in High Schools resource.

Student questions and sample answers for “Zooming in”

1. Who is the scientist whose career you find interesting?

Michelle O’Malley

2. What sources did you use to research this scientist?

I used the Science News article “ Michelle O’Malley seeks greener chemistry through elusive fungi “  and her faculty page .

3. What is the scientist’s field, and where do they work?

Michelle O’Malley is a chemical engineer at the University of California, Santa Barbara.

4. What degrees did they earn to pursue their career?

She earned a B.S. in chemical engineering and a B.S. in biomedical engineering, both from Carnegie Mellon University, and a Ph.D. in chemical engineering from the University of Delaware.

5. What do they focus on within their field, and how do they study it?

O’Malley has several research interests. But one thing she studies is how anaerobic fungi break down plant material. To get the fungi, she and her colleagues harvest them from goat and sheep poop and then culture them in the lab.

6. Does the scientist mention a moment of inspiration or challenge in their research/STEM journey?

After studying chemical engineering, O’Malley had to work hard to find someone to teach her how to culture anaerobic organisms. Without learning this skill, her research could not have proceeded.

7. Do they name a mentor or important person who helped them?

People who helped O’Malley include Anne Robinson, her graduate school adviser, and Michael Theodorou, who taught O’Malley how to isolate and grow anaerobic microbes

8. What accomplishments do they mention, and why are they important?

Her lab created a process using anaerobic organisms to convert the lignocellulose found in plants into sugars. Those sugars can then be converted into higher-value chemicals by an organism called Saccharomyces cerevisiae , commonly known as brewer’s yeast.

9. What was surprising to you about your scientist’s work?

I didn’t expect a chemical engineer to work with animals. Her work relies on obtaining microbes from animals.

10. How has your research on this scientist influenced your thinking about a STEM career?

I found it interesting that O’Malley needed to know about several areas of science to do her work. The chance to do research in several scientific disciplines might make it interesting to pursue a STEM career. There would always be something to learn.

Optional presentation

Students will create a poster or other visual presentation to show their scientist’s career path. Students should use the answers to the questions about their scientist as a guide to creating the presentation.

IMAGES

  1. It Career Path Map

    information technology career pathways assignment

  2. Infographic: Your Digital Career Opportunities

    information technology career pathways assignment

  3. Charting the Path to a Successful IT Career

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  4. Information Technology Careers

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  5. Top 10 Emerging IT Career Path That Will Dominate In 2022

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  6. TechnoFunc

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VIDEO

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