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George Orwell was an English novelist, essayist, and critic most famous for his novels Animal Farm (1945) and Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949).

The following biography was written by D.J. Taylor. Taylor is an author, journalist and critic. His biography, Orwell: The Life won the 2003 Whitbread Biography Award. His new biography, Orwell: The New Life was published in 2023. D.J. Taylor is a member of the Orwell Council .

The Orwell Foundation is a registered charity. If you value these resources, please consider becoming a Friend or Patron or making a  donation  to support our work. You can find more work about Orwell in our library .

Orwell: A (Brief) Life, by D.J. Taylor

GEORGE ORWELL, the pen-name of Eric Arthur Blair, was born on 25 June 1903 in Motihari, Bengal, where his father, Richard Walmesley Blair, was working as an Opium Agent in the Indian Civil Service, into what – with the uncanny precision he brought to all social judgments – he described as ‘the lower-upper-middle classes’. In fact the Blairs were remote descendants of the Fane Earls of Westmoreland. Like many a child of the Raj, Orwell was swiftly returned to England and brought up almost exclusively by his mother. The Thames Valley locales in which the family settled provided the background to his novel Coming Up For Air (1939).

Happily for the family finances – never flourishing – Orwell was a studious child. From St Cyprian’s preparatory school in Eastbourne, a legendary establishment that also educated Cyril Connolly and Cecil Beaton, he won a King’s Scholarship to Eton College, arriving at the school in May 1917. Orwell left a caustic memoir of his time at St Cyprian’s (‘Such, Such Were The Joys’) but also remarked that ‘No one can look back on his schooldays and say with truth that they were altogether unhappy.’ At Eton he frankly slacked, leaving the school in December 1921 after only a term in the sixth form. The following June he passed the entrance examination of the Indian Imperial Police and was accepted into its Burma division.

Orwell’s five-year stint in Burma is often seen as a mournful period of parentally-ordained exile. However both sides of his family were professionally attached to the Eastern Empire, and his stated reason for applying for the Burma posting was that he had relatives there. Almost nothing is known of Orwell’s time in the province, other than that it offered the material for two of his best-known essays, ‘A Hanging’ and ‘Shooting an Elephant’ and his first novel Burmese Days (1934). It also ruined his health. Although disillusioned by the Imperial ‘racket’ he had helped to administer, he left Burma in June 1927 on a medical certificate. The decision to resign from the Burma Police was taken after his return.

For the next five years he led a vagrant life. Some of this time was spent at his parents’ home in Southwold, Suffolk. There were periods teaching in private schools, living in Paris and masquerading as a tramp, the background to his first published work, Down and Out in Paris and London (1933). His professional alias, which combined the name of the reigning monarch with a local river, was adopted shortly before publication. His teaching career was brought to a close by a bout of pneumonia and at the end of 1934, having used a long, recuperative stay in Southwold to complete a second novel, A Clergyman’s Daughter (1935), he decamped to London to work in a Hampstead bookshop. This was a productive period. Here he met and married his first wife, Eileen O’Shaughnessy, and wrote a third novel, partly based on his book-trade experiences, Keep the Aspidistra Flying (1936).

The Orwells began their married life in a tiny cottage in Wallington, Hertfordshire, where Orwell worked up the material gathered on a recent tour of the industrial north into The Road to Wigan Pier (1937). Although the book’s second half consists of a long, inflammatory polemic on Socialism, Orwell’s political views were still not fully formed. The defining political experience of his life, alternatively, was the six months he spent in Spain, in 1937, as a Republican volunteer against Franco. He was wounded in the throat – the bullet passing within a few millimetres of his carotid artery – and was present in Barcelona when Soviet-sponsored hit-squads attempted to suppress the Trotskyist POUM militia, of which he had been a member. Spain made Orwell ‘believe in Socialism for the first time’, as he put it, while instilling an enduring hatred of totalitarian political systems.

Homage to Catalonia , an account of his time in Spain, was published in April 1938. He spent most of the next year recuperating, both in England and Morocco, from a life-threatening lung haemorrhage. At this stage Orwell was determined to oppose the looming international conflict, only changing his mind on the announcement of the Russo-German pact in August 1939. Initially Orwell had high hopes of the war, which he believed would instil a sense of Socialist purpose: this view was developed in the pamphlet essay The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius (1941). Rejected for military service on health grounds, he became a talks producer in the BBC’s Eastern Service, a job he came to dislike. The BBC’s atmosphere, he complained, ‘is something between a girls’ school and a lunatic asylum, and all we are doing at present is useless, or slightly worse than useless’. In 1943 he secured a more congenial billet as literary editor of the left-wing weekly magazine Tribune , to which he also contributed a column under the heading ‘As I Please’.

Animal Farm , his bitter satire of the Soviet experiment, was written by the middle of 1944. Publishers’ timidity, and the covert pressure exerted by a Russian spy working for the Ministry of Information, delayed its appearance until August 1945. By this time Orwell’s personal life was in ruins. Five months previously Eileen had died of heart failure during a routine operation. The couple had previously adopted a small boy, Richard Horatio Blair, whom Orwell, with the help of his sister Avril, determined to raise on his own.

Through his friend David Astor, he had already begun to explore the possibility of living on the remote Scottish island of Jura. Much of the last half-decade of his life was spent in the Inner Hebrides struggling against worsening health to complete his final novel, Nineteen Eighty-Four . After finishing a final draft at the end of 1948 he suffered a complete physical collapse and was taken away to a nursing home in the Cotswolds suffering from advanced tuberculosis. The novel’s enormous international success, on publication in June 1949, came too late for its author. He was transferred to University College Hospital in September and died there on 21 January 1950, aged 46. Shortly before his death he made an unexpected second marriage to Sonia Brownell, an editorial assistant on the literary magazine Horizon . Sitting down to read his obituaries on the day of his funeral, his friend Malcolm Muggeridge thought that he saw in them ‘how the legend of a human being is created’.

D. J. Taylor was born in Norwich in 1960. He is the author of five novels, including English Settlement , which won a Grinzane Cavour prize, Trespass and The Comedy Man . He is also well-known as a critic and reviewer, and is the author of A Vain Conceit: British Fiction in the 1980s , and an acclaimed biography, Thackeray . His critically acclaimed Orwell biography , Orwell: The Life (2003) won the Whitbread Biography Award, and he gave the 2005 Orwell Lecture entitled ‘Projections of the Inner “I”: George Orwell’s Fiction’. He is married with three children and lives in Norwich. Orwell: The New Life was published in 2023.

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A Biography of George Orwell

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A Biography of George Orwell

George Orwell’s Life and Times and how they shaped his anti-totalitarian message.

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About the Author … George Orwell’s real name is Eric Blair.

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Nouf Asad Mrs. Timm 12B January 19, “Happiness can exist only in acceptance.” –George Orwell. George Orwell is the pen name of Eric Arthur Blair.

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 He was born in India in 1903  His mother took him to England when he was child  He was educated at a preparatory school and then at Eton  At Eton.

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George Orwell

George Orwell was an English novelist, essayist and critic most famous for his novels 'Animal Farm' (1945) and 'Nineteen Eighty-Four' (1949).

george orwell

(1903-1950)

Who Was George Orwell?

George Orwell was a novelist, essayist and critic best known for his novels Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four . He was a man of strong opinions who addressed some of the major political movements of his times, including imperialism, fascism and communism.

Orwell was born Eric Arthur Blair in Motihari, India, on June 25, 1903. The son of a British civil servant, Orwell spent his first days in India, where his father was stationed. His mother brought him and his older sister, Marjorie, to England about a year after his birth and settled in Henley-on-Thames. His father stayed behind in India and rarely visited. (His younger sister, Avril, was born in 1908. Orwell didn't really know his father until he retired from the service in 1912. And even after that, the pair never formed a strong bond. He found his father to be dull and conservative.

According to one biography, Orwell's first word was "beastly." He was a sick child, often battling bronchitis and the flu.

Orwell took up writing at an early age, reportedly composing his first poem around age four. He later wrote, "I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories and holding conversations with imaginary persons, and I think from the very start my literary ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of being isolated and undervalued." One of his first literary successes came at the age of 11 when he had a poem published in the local newspaper.

Like many other boys in England, Orwell was sent to boarding school. In 1911, he went to St. Cyprian's in the coastal town of Eastbourne, where he got his first taste of England's class system.

What he lacked in personality, he made up for in smarts. Orwell won scholarships to Wellington College and Eton College to continue his studies.

After completing his schooling at Eton, Orwell found himself at a dead end. His family did not have the money to pay for a university education. Instead, he joined the India Imperial Police Force in 1922. After five years in Burma, Orwell resigned his post and returned to England. He was intent on making it as a writer.

Early Writing Career

After leaving the India Imperial Force, Orwell struggled to get his writing career off the ground and took all sorts of jobs to make ends meet, including being a dishwasher.

'Down and Out in Paris and London' (1933)

Orwell’s first major work explored his time eking out a living in these two cities. The book provided a brutal look at the lives of the working poor and of those living a transient existence. Not wishing to embarrass his family, the author published the book under the pseudonym George Orwell.

'Burmese Days' (1934)

Orwell next explored his overseas experiences in Burmese Days , which offered a dark look at British colonialism in Burma, then part of the country's Indian empire. Orwell's interest in political matters grew rapidly after this novel was published.

War Injury and Tuberculosis

In December 1936, Orwell traveled to Spain, where he joined one of the groups fighting against General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War. Orwell was badly injured during his time with a militia, getting shot in the throat and arm. For several weeks, he was unable to speak. Orwell and his wife, Eileen, were indicted on treason charges in Spain. Fortunately, the charges were brought after the couple had left the country.

Other health problems plagued the talented writer not long after his return to England. For years, Orwell had periods of sickness, and he was officially diagnosed with tuberculosis in 1938. He spent several months at the Preston Hall Sanatorium trying to recover, but he would continue to battle with tuberculosis for the rest of his life. At the time he was initially diagnosed, there was no effective treatment for the disease.

Literary Critic and BBC Producer

To support himself, Orwell took on various writing assignments. He wrote numerous essays and reviews over the years, developing a reputation for producing well-crafted literary criticism.

In 1941, Orwell landed a job with the BBC as a producer. He developed news commentary and shows for audiences in the eastern part of the British Empire. Orwell drew such literary greats as T.S. Eliot and E.M. Forster to appear on his programs.

With World War II raging on, Orwell found himself acting as a propagandist to advance the country's national interest. He loathed this part of his job, describing the company's atmosphere in his diary as "something halfway between a girls’ school and a lunatic asylum, and all we are doing at present is useless, or slightly worse than useless.”

Orwell resigned in 1943, saying “I was wasting my own time and the public money on doing work that produces no result. I believe that in the present political situation the broadcasting of British propaganda to India is an almost hopeless task.” Around this time, Orwell became the literary editor for a socialist newspaper.

Famous Books

Sometimes called the conscience of a generation, Orwell is best known for two novels: Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four . Both books, published toward the end of Orwell’s life, have been turned into films and enjoyed tremendous popularity over the years.

‘Animal Farm’ (1945)

Animal Farm was an anti-Soviet satire in a pastoral setting featuring two pigs as its main protagonists. These pigs were said to represent Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky . The novel brought Orwell great acclaim and financial rewards.

‘Nineteen Eighty-Four’ (1949)

Orwell’s masterwork, Nineteen Eighty-Four (or 1984 in later editions), was published in the late stages of his battle with tuberculosis and soon before his death. This bleak vision of the world divided into three oppressive nations stirred up controversy among reviewers, who found this fictional future too despairing. In the novel, Orwell gave readers a glimpse into what would happen if the government controlled every detail of a person's life, down to their own private thoughts.

‘Politics and the English Language’

Published in April 1946 in the British literary magazine Horizon , this essay is considered one of Orwell’s most important works on style. Orwell believed that "ugly and inaccurate" English enabled oppressive ideology and that vague or meaningless language was meant to hide the truth. He argued that language should not naturally evolve over time but should be “an instrument which we shape for our own purposes.” To write well is to be able to think clearly and engage in political discourse, he wrote, as he rallied against cliches, dying metaphors and pretentious or meaningless language.

‘Shooting an Elephant’

This essay, published in the literary magazine New Writing in 1936, discusses Orwell’s time as a police officer in Burma (now known as Myanmar), which was still a British colony at the time. Orwell hated his job and thought imperialism was “an evil thing;” as a representative of imperialism, he was disliked by locals. One day, although he didn’t think it necessary, he killed a working elephant in front of a crowd of locals just “to avoid looking a fool.” The essay was later the title piece in a collection of Orwell’s essays, published in 1950, which included ‘My Country Right or Left,’ ‘How the Poor Die’ and ‘Such, Such were the Joys.’

Wives and Children

Orwell married Eileen O'Shaughnessy in June 1936, and Eileen supported and assisted Orwell in his career. The couple remained together until her death in 1945. According to several reports, they had an open marriage, and Orwell had a number of dalliances. In 1944 the couple adopted a son, whom they named Richard Horatio Blair, after one of Orwell's ancestors. Their son was largely raised by Orwell's sister Avril after Eileen's death.

Near the end of his life, Orwell proposed to editor Sonia Brownell. He married her in October 1949, only a short time before his death. Brownell inherited Orwell's estate and made a career out of managing his legacy.

Orwell died of tuberculosis in a London hospital on January 21, 1950. Although he was just 46 years old at the time of his death, his ideas and opinions have lived on through his work.

Despite Orwell’s disdain for the BBC during his life, a statue of the writer was commissioned by artist Martin Jennings and installed outside the BBC in London. An inscription reads, "If liberty means anything at all, it means the right to tell people what they do not want to hear." The eight-foot bronze statue, paid for by the George Orwell Memorial Fund, was unveiled in November 2017.

"Would he have approved of it? It's an interesting question. I think he would have been reserved, given that he was very self-effacing,” Orwell’s son Richard Blair told The Daily Telegraph . "In the end I think he would have been forced to accept it by his friends. He would have to recognise that he was a man of the moment.”

QUICK FACTS

  • Name: George Orwell
  • Birth Year: 1903
  • Birth date: June 25, 1903
  • Birth City: Motihari
  • Birth Country: India
  • Gender: Male
  • Best Known For: George Orwell was an English novelist, essayist and critic most famous for his novels 'Animal Farm' (1945) and 'Nineteen Eighty-Four' (1949).
  • Fiction and Poetry
  • Journalism and Nonfiction
  • Astrological Sign: Cancer
  • Interesting Facts
  • According to one biography, Orwell's first word as a child was "beastly."
  • Orwell fought in the Spanish Civil War and was badly injured. He and his wife were later indicted of treason in Spain.
  • Orwell was once a BBC producer and ended up loathing his job as he felt he was being used as a propaganda machine.
  • Death Year: 1950
  • Death date: January 21, 1950
  • Death City: London
  • Death Country: United Kingdom

We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us !

CITATION INFORMATION

  • Article Title: George Orwell Biography
  • Author: Biography.com Editors
  • Website Name: The Biography.com website
  • Url: https://www.biography.com/authors-writers/george-orwell
  • Access Date:
  • Publisher: A&E; Television Networks
  • Last Updated: May 3, 2021
  • Original Published Date: April 2, 2014
  • In our age there is no such thing as 'keeping out of politics.' All issues are political issues, and politics itself is a mass of lies, evasions, folly, hatred and schizophrenia.
  • Happiness can exist only in acceptance.
  • Power is not a means, it is an end. One does not establish a dictatorship in order to safeguard a revolution; one makes the revolution in order to establish the dictatorship.
  • Each generation imagines itself to be more intelligent than the one that went before it, and wiser than the one that comes after it.

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1984 George Orwell group presentation

"1984" is a dystopian novel written by George Orwell and published in 1949. It is set in a totalitarian society of the future, where the government, known as "The Party," exerts complete control over every aspect of people's lives, including their thoughts and beliefs. The novel follows the story of Winston Smith, a low-ranking member of The Party who begins to question the regime and falls in love with a fellow dissenter, Julia. Read less

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  • 1. Prepared by Hina Parmar & Trushali Dodiya
  • 2. Points to ponder Introduction Biography of George Orwell Writing Style Major Works Themes of Writing Key Facts Major concepts in 1984 Major Characters Plot Character study Symbolic study Thematic Study
  • 3. Introduction ● Orwell started writing 'Nineteen Eighty- four in August 1946 and completed it in November 1948. ● The book was first published on June 8, 1949. It created some bitter political controversy. ● Critics considered this book as one of the most important books of the age. It was translated into twenty three languages and in 1956 it was made into a successful film. 1966 1962 1980
  • 4. ● This Novel 'Nineteen Eighty four is primarily a satire at Soviet Russia, it is also in some ways directed against the British society of Orwell's time. Orwell saw elements of Oceania in England of his own day as well, not to speak of the United states. ● The novel portrays the very real political terrorism of Nazi Germany and Stalinist Russia transported into the Landscape of London.
  • 5. • ‘1984’ was written between the years of 1947-48, only 2-3 years after the end of World War II. This conflict of immense proportions, the outcome of which was critical to the survival of democracy, inspired George Orwell to consider the tenuousness of the people’s rule. • His book created some bitter political controversy, and Orwell tried to clarify that thing that his recent novel is not intended as an attack on Socialism or on the British Labour party of which he was a supporter but as a show up of the perversions to which a centralized economy is liable and which have already been party realized in communism and facism.
  • 6. Biography of George orwell ● Eric Arthur Blair - pen name -George Orwell. ● He was born in 1903 in Motihari, Bengal, in india. ● Eric Blair attended the local primary school at Henley on Thame. ● Orwell's essay, called "Such,Such were the joys" contains memories of his life at St.Cyprian's. This essay was written in 1948, but was published only after his death because the memories recorded in it were not only unpleasant but too painful. ● The Novel 'Nineteen Eighty Four' particularly reflects the pernicious effects of his life at this school. ● From St.Cyprian's School, Orwell proceeded to the public school at Eton where he spent the next four and half years. ● In 1949 he published 'Nineteen Eighty four', this was his last novel and by the end of 1948 he was seriously ill and was hardly able to write anything. In January 1950 he died.
  • 7. Writing Style ● George Orwell’s writing style is very direct and somewhat journalistic. ● Orwell provides six rules for writers to follow 1. Never use metaphors or similes that are typically seen in print. 2. Never use a long one when an equally good short word will do just fine. 3. If a word is not absolutely necessary, then do not include it. 4. It is important to never use the passive tone when the active tone is also usable. 5. One should never use a foreign phrase or scientific term if there is an everyday equivalent that can be used. 6. It is absolutely imperative to break any of these rules if the only other. option is to say something barbaric.
  • 8. Major Works ● Down and out in paris and London (1933) ● Burmese Days (1934) ● AClergyman's Daughter(1935) ● Keep the Aspidistra Flying(1936) ● The Road to Wigan Pier(1937) ● Homage to Catalonia (1938) ● Coming Up For Air(1939) ● The Lion and the Unicorn : Socialism and the English Genius (1941) ● Animal Farm (1945) ● Critical Essays (Dickens, Dali, and other )(1946) ● The English People(1947) ● Nineteen Eighty Four (1949) ● Shooting an Elephant and other Essays(1950) ● England your England(1953) ● Such, Such, were the Joys(1953)
  • 9. Themes of His Writing Language Loyalty Totalitar ianism Poor vs. Rich, Imperiali sm Love and Sexuality Technol ogy Communi sm
  • 10. Key Facts ● Full Title - 1984 ● Author - George Orwell ● Type Of Work - Novel ● Genre - Dystopian Fiction, Science Fiction ● Language - English ● Time And Place Written - England, 1949 ● Date Of First Publication - 1949 ● Publisher - Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. ● Narrator - Third-person, limited ● Climax - Winston’s torture with the cage of rats in Room 101 ● Protagonist - Winston Smith ● Antagonist - The Party; Big Brother ● Setting (Time) - 1984 ● Setting (Place) - London, England (known as “Airstrip One” in the novel’s alternate reality) ● Point Of View - Winston Smith’s
  • 11. ● INGSOC: English Socialism ● Thought Police: Thought Police (Thinkpol) are the secret police of the superstate of Oceania, who discover and punish thoughtcrime, personal and political thoughts unapproved by INGSOC regime. ● Thought Crime: A crime that you are guilty of because you are THINKING of doing something bad. Thoughts that go against the political ideology of the Party. ● Victory Mansions: Victory Mansions are the apartment building Winston lives in, nothing from the plumbing to the electricity works and it emphasizes the effect that living under a totalitarian government has on society. Various Concepts described in the novel
  • 12. Oceania's interior ministry. Enforces loyalty to Big Brother through fear, buttressed through a massive apparatus of security and repression, as well as systematic brainwashing. Thought Police comes under this ministry The Ministry of Truth is centered on creating lies The Ministry of Peace is where everything related to the war is handled. Peace is never considered, Command Economy It oversees rationing of food, supplies, and goods 01 02 03 04 Ministry of Love -Miniluv Ministry of Plenty- Miniplenty The Ministry of Truth- ‘Minitrue’ The Ministry of Peace- Minipax
  • 13. Big Brother Big Brother, fictional character, the dictator of the totalitarian empire of Oceania in the novel. Though Big Brother does not appear directly in the story, his presence permeates Oceania’s bleak society. “Who controls the past controls the future who controls the present controls the past.”
  • 14. ● Two Minutes Hate: Two Minutes Hate is the daily, public period during which members of the Outer Party of Oceania must watch a film depicting the enemies of the state, specifically Emmanuel Goldstein and his followers, openly and loudly to express hatred for them. Purpose of it is existential anguish and personal hatreds towards politically expedient enemies: Goldstein and the enemy superstate of the moment. ● Hate Week: Hate Week is observed in the late summer. It is a psychological operation designed to increase the hatred of the population for the current enemy of the totalitarian Party, as much as possible, whichever of the two opposing superstates that may be ● Newspeak: Newspeak is language used by politicians and government officials that is intentionally difficult to understand or does not mean what it seems to mean and is therefore likely to confuse or deceive people. ● Doublethink: Doublethink is a process of indoctrination in which subjects are expected to simultaneously accept two conflicting beliefs as truth, often at odds with their own memory or sense of reality.
  • 15. Major Character
  • 16. WEAPONS ICONS Critical Summary Part 1 • This novel starts with a bright cold day in April. • The opening chapter introduces briefly characters - Winston Smith O‘Brien, and the girl working in the Fiction Department. There is also an introduction to Emmanuel Goldstein - enemy of the people and against whom a hate campaign is daily carried on by the authorities. • The name of this state is Oceania. Airstrip one is one of the provinces of this state and London is the chief city of that province. • One of the important things to notice is a poster showing a large face with the caption :“Big Brother is watching you” - Then there are the Thought Police,and the Telescreen.
  • 17. The three slogans of the party deserve special attention, these slogans are 'War is to be regarded as peace ' 'Ignorance is to be cherished as strength' 'Freedom is to be regarded as slavery'
  • 18. • Winston decided to keep a diary. Which decision is a dangerous one, and he is perfectly aware of it, but he doesn't care about what happened to him. • Winston was married to a woman called Katharine but he had separated from her. • All marriages between party members have to be approved by a special committee - organization called the "Junior Anti Sex League “. • Eighty - five per cent of the population of Oceania are proles and only among them can the force to destroy the party ever be generated. As the party slogan puts it " proles and animals are free".
  • 19. • Julia hates the party- She works on the novel writing machines in the fiction Department of theministry of truth. • Winston has taken on rent the room above mr.Charington's shop- realise the risk involved - The quality of Winston's love for Julia is also dwelt upon. • most unexpected encounter between winston and O'Brien. • Chapter 8 - marks a climax in the story - both take the dangerous step of reavealing their true feelings to O'Brien because they are under the impression that O'Brain is also secreatly opposite to the party. • They came to know that mr. Charrington who is not an antique dealer but an official of the Thought Police. Part 2
  • 20. Part - 3 • Winston is now a prisoner in one of the cells of the Ministry of Love - has no idea of where Julia is or what her fate might be - The door opens and O‘Brain enters - he is member of the inner party and Winston can expect no mercy from him. • He is subjected to several kinds of torture - in order that he should confess his crimes against the state - How many times he had been beaten,how long the beating had continued he could not remember -made to confess crime which he had never commited. • The punishment to which Winston is being subjected arouse in us both a feeling of terror and pity -There is a touch of melodram and sensationalism in the account of the beating and the mechanical tourture to which Winston is subjected.
  • 21. • O‘Brain next acquints Winston with the kind of future of party - there will be no art, no literature, no science "If you want a picture of the future, imagine a boot stamping on a human face for ever." • Winston - intellectually and mentaly surrendered to the party - his inner heart is still unconquered - This attitude calls for further curative or corrective tretment by the party. • Winston is taken to room no 101 - starving rats will shoot out of the cage like bullets - attack Winston in his face and will start eating into his cheeks and tongue. The cage survrv its purpose, winston has betrayed Julia and thus lost hia integrity. • The ending of the novel - extreamly pessimistic - Winston has completely converted - He loves Big Brother - thoroughly de- humanized. The love affair between Winaton and Julia also comes to an end. • Thus the party has achieve its purpose.
  • 22. ❖ Protagonist ❖ Minor member of the ruling Party ❖ Thin, frail, contemplative, intellectual, and fatalistic thirty- nine-year-old ❖ Hates the totalitarian control ❖ Has revolutionary dreams Winston Smith ❖ Winston's lover ❖ Beautiful dark-haired girl ❖ • Works in the Fiction Department at the Ministry ofTruth ❖ Claims to have had sexual affairs with many Party members ❖ Pragmatic and optimistic ❖ She privately rebels against the Party for her own enjoyment (unlike Winston's ideological motivations) Julia Character study
  • 23. ❖ According to the Party, Goldstein is the legendary leader of the Brotherhood. ❖ BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU ❖ He seems to have been a Party leader who fell out of favor with the regime. ❖ The Party describes him as the most dangerous and treacherous man in Oceania. ❖ Used him as a prime example during the gathering of 2 minute hate Goldstein ❖ Protagonist ❖ Minor member of the ruling Party ❖ Thin, frail, contemplative, intellectual, and fatalistic thirty- nine-year-old ❖ Hates the totalitarian control ❖ Has revolutionarydreams Mr. Charrington
  • 24. ❖ A mysterious, powerful, and sophisticated member of the Inner Party whom Winston believes is also a member of the Brotherhood, the legendary group of anti- Party rebels. ❖ Winston makes eye contact with this man during one of the 2 minutes hates O’Brien ❖ This is the woman that Winston hears singing when he is with Julia ❖ Represents Winston's one hope for the future; that the proles will unite to get rid of the party. ❖ oA symbol of fertility; that the woman's offspring are a sign for the future. The red armed problem woman
  • 26. ❖ Totalitarianism is a form of government that attempts to assert total control over the lives of its citizens. ❖ The main goal was to warn of the serious danger totalitarianism poses to society. ❖ Notions of personal rights and freedoms and individual thought are pulverised under the all- powerful hand of the government. ❖ Orwell was a Socialist and believed strongly in the potential for rebellion to advance society, yet too often he witnessed the horrific lengths to which totalitarian governments in Spain and Russia would go in order to sustain and increase their power ❖ The title of the novel was meant to indicate to its readers in 1949 that the story represented a real possibility for the near future: if totalitarianism were not opposed, the title suggested, some variation of the world described in the novel could become a reality in only thirty-five years. ❖ Winston Smith sets out to challenge the limits of the Party’s power, only to discover that its ability to control and enslave its subjects dwarfs even his most paranoid conceptions of its reach ❖ The Party uses a number of techniques to control its citizens Totalitarianism
  • 27. ● There are three major controls that a totalitarian party does in the Novel 1. Psychological manipulation 2. Physical Control 3. Control Of Information And History Control
  • 28. ❖ Newspeak, the "official" language of Oceania ❖ functions as a device of extreme Party control: If the Party is able to control thought, it can also control action. ❖ Even though the year 1984 has passed, the book is still timely due to Orwell's vision and foresight. ❖ The decline of language troubled Orwell, who was a writer with political and historical agendas. ❖ If language could change for the worse, then truth could change into lies, and that was something that Orwell fought against, both in his personal life and in his writing. ❖ Mind control The Role of Language and the Act of Writing
  • 29. ● One of the issues raised in 1984 is the idea that history is mutable or changeable ● truth is what the Party deems it to be, and that the truths found in history are the bases of the principles of the future ● if you tell a lie loud enough and often enough, people will accept it as truth. ● "Who controls the past controls the future: who controls the present controls the past," ● Winston Smith's position in the Ministry of Truth - creating or forging the past into something unrecognizable to any person with an accurate memory so that each forgery "becomes" historic fact ● The novel makes the distinction between truth and fact and then explores the social- political-ethical-moral nuances of the evil manipulation of facts in order to control individuals and societies for political gain. The Mutability of History
  • 30. ❖ By means of telescreens and hidden microphones across the city, the Party is able to monitor its members almost all of the time. ❖ Party employs complicated mechanisms to exert large-scale control on economic production and sources of information, and fearsome machinery to inflict torture upon those it deems enemies. ❖ 1984 reveals that technology which is generally perceived as working toward moral good, can also facilitate the most diabolical evil. Technology
  • 31. ❖ Party seeks to ensure that the only kind of loyalty possible is loyalty to the Party. ❖ Neighbors and coworkers inform on one another, and Mr. Parson’s own child reports him to the Thought Police. ❖ In the end, the Party does make Winston stop loving Julia and love Big Brother instead, the only form of loyalty allowed Loyalty
  • 32. ❖ Winston explores increasingly risky and significant acts of resistance against the Party. ❖ Winston builds up minor rebellions by committing personal acts of disobedience such as keeping a journal and buying a decorative paperweight. ❖ Escalates his rebellion through his sexual relationship with Julia - relationship is a double rebellion, as it includes the thoughtcrime of desire. Resistance And Revolution
  • 33. ❖ The basic traits of establishing one’s identity are unavailable to Winston and the other citizens of Oceania ❖ Instead of being unique individuals with specific, identifying details, every member of the Outer Party is identical. ❖ All Party members wear the same clothing and same etiquettes - forming a sense of individual identity is not only psychologically challenging, but logistically difficult. ❖ Winston’s significant decisions can be interpreted as attempts to build a sense of identity Independence and identity
  • 34. Symbols
  • 35. ● Big Brother is the face of the Party. ● head of the Party ● Big Brother symbolizes the Party in its public manifestation; he is a reassurance to most people (the warmth of his name suggests his ability to protect), but he is also an open threat (one cannot escape his gaze). Big Brother The Telescreen ● the telescreens also symbolise how a totalitarian government abuses technology for its own ends instead of exploiting its knowledge to improve civilization. ● constant monitoring
  • 36. ● symbolizes Winstons attempt to reconnect with the past ● Symbolically, when the Thought Police arrest Winston at last, the paperweight shatters on the floor. Glass paper weight St. Clement’s Church ● The old picture of St. Clement’s Church in the room that Winston rents above Mr. Charrington’s shop is another representation of the lost past. ● Winston associates a song with the picture that ends with the words “Here comes the chopper to chop off your head!” This is an important foreshadow, as it is the telescreen hidden behind the picture that ultimately leads the Thought Police to Winston, symbolising the Party’s corrupt control of the past.
  • 37. ● The red-armed prole woman whom Winston hears singing through the window represents Winston’s one legitimate hope for the long- term future: the possibility that the proles will eventually come to recognize their plight and rebel against the Party ● prime example of reproductive virility; he often imagines her giving birth to the future generations that will finally challenge the party’s authority. The red armed Problem woman
  • 38. Room no. 101 ● Room 101 represents the power of the Party and is the room where Winstons spirit is crushed. ● Room 101 is a presentation utilized by the party to show absolute dominance. ● It proves that the party has the power to totally ruin someone through the use of their deepest fear Rat ● Rats symbolize Winston's greatest fear. This fear is used against him by O'Brien, who tortures him with a cage of rats over his head so that he finally gives in.
  • 39. ● Dystopian elements in George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-four by Balaje Palanimuthu (Palanimuthu Dystopian elements in George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-four - Researchgate) ● THE WALL OF BLACKNESS: A PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH TO 1984.” (Smith, Marcus. “THE WALL OF BLACKNESS: A PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH TO 1984.”)
  • 40. Lall, Ramji. George Orwell - Nineteen Eighty Four (A Critical Study). Fifteenth Edition ed., Rama Brothers India PVT.LTD., 2016. Palanimuthu, Balaje. “Dystopian Elements in George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four - Researchgate.” Researchgate, Feb. 2019, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340448832_Dystopian_Elements_in_George_Orwell's_ Nineteen_Eighty-Four. Smith, Marcus. “THE WALL OF BLACKNESS: A PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH TO 1984.” Modern Fiction Studies, vol. 14, no. 4, 1968, pp. 423–33. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/26278702. Accessed 15 Feb. 2023. Work cited

1984 George Orwell PowerPoint

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This 25 page PowerPoint provides an overview of George Orwell's classic novel 1984. Sections include: author's biography, historical context, plot basics, key terms explained including NewsSpeak, Telescreens, and ThoughtPolice, characters, themes, and symbols. This is a great way to introduce the novel before reading it. It was especially useful for my 12th grade special education students who have difficulty in understanding complex themes.

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george orwell biography powerpoint

George Orwells 1984

Novelist and one of most renowned english-language essayists ... saw first-hand the atrocities of totalitarian government in spain and russia. ... – powerpoint ppt presentation.

  • By Jared Blackstone
  • Real name Eric Blair
  • Novelist and one of most renowned English-language essayists
  • Orwell Awards annually honor those who contradict media conventions
  • http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Orwell
  • Born in India in 1903, the son of India Civil Service members
  • Attended Eton College in England
  • Joined Indian Imperial Police in 1922
  • Wrote first novel, Burmese Days, in 1924
  • Wrote his most popular novels Animal Farm and 1984 in 1945 and 1949
  • Died in London, England in 1950
  • As a soldier, Orwell saw first-hand the atrocities of totalitarian government in Spain and Russia.
  • He also saw signs of threat in the United States and Britain in the forms of increasingly technological warfare and the defense of non-communist governments.
  • He wrote 1984 as both a warning and a reflection of the fears of many people at the time he wrote.
  • Imagine a world where you are watched wherever you go, at all times.
  • Would you feel free? Could you ever be yourself?
  • 1984 takes place in Oceania, one of the worlds three super-states, along with Eurasia and Eastasia.
  • Oceania is always at war with one and allies with the other.
  • Winston works for the Ministry of Truth. His job is to change history to agree with whatever the Party says.
  • He commits thoughtcrime against the Party by recording his rebellious thoughts in a journal, which is forbidden. If discovered, he will be killed by the Thought Police.
  • He cant stop himself, though he needs to write what he feels about the world he lives in.
  • Winston meets Julia, who also wants to rebel against the Party.
  • They are approached by OBrien, a higher-up in the Party, to join the Brotherhood, a secret organization made to fight Big Brother.
  • Winston gets The Book, which reveals all the secrets of the Party and Big Brother.
  • Winston and Julia are caught and taken to the ironically-named Ministry of Love.
  • Winston is tortured and brainwashed by OBrien, who reveals that the Brotherhood does not exist.
  • Winston, at the end, believes fully in the Party and loves Big Brother.
  • Dystopia the opposite of a Utopia, or perfect world a world in which living conditions are extremely poor and oppressive
  • 1984 describes a dystopia. How is the Party able to maintain control and prevent a revolt? Is there any hope?
  • Can 1984 be applied to life in the United States today?
  • In what ways could our society fall into one like the one in 1984? How can we avoid it?
  • www.newspeak.com
  • http//www.school.discovery.com/lessonplans/progra ms/1984
  • Dystopia definition
  • http//dictionary.reference.com/search?qdystopia

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George Orwell's 1984 Current Relevance Thesis

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george orwell s 1984

George Orwell's 1984

Apr 05, 2019

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George Orwell's 1984. Background Information and Context JC Clapp: English 102. About the Author. “George Orwell” was the pen name of Eric Blair. Orwell was an Englishman born in India in 1903. He died at age 47. Orwell was educated at Eton, a prestigious boarding school in England.

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George Orwell's 1984 Background Information and Context JC Clapp: English 102

About the Author • “George Orwell” was the pen name of Eric Blair. • Orwell was an Englishman born in India in 1903. He died at age 47. • Orwell was educated at Eton, a prestigious boarding school in England.

More About the Author • Orwell decided to skip college and work as a British Imperial Policeman in Burma • He hated working in Burma and returned to English on sick-leave • Once back in England he dedicated himself to writing full time. • 1984 was written in 1948

Orwell’s Political Views • He considered himself a democratic socialist and was critical of communism • He hated intellectuals, lying, cruelty, political authority, and totalitarianism • He strongly opposed Stalin and Hitler -- he was very outspoken during WWII

1984: Setting and Genre • Futuristic, cautionary novel • Setting: London, in the mythical country of Oceania, 1984 (in the future)

Characters: Winston Smith • Winston Smith: Main character and the narrator of the story. • Winston is a 39 year old low-ranking member of the ruling Party • He secretly hates Big Brother and harbors revolutionary dreams • Winston is thin, frail, contemplative, intellectual

Characters: Julia • Julia is Winston’s 25 year old lover • She is a beautiful, dark-haired woman who enjoys sex and claims to have had affairs with many Party members • She is optimistic and her rebellion is small and personal

Characters: O’Brien • A mysterious, powerful, and sophisticated member of the Inner Party • Winston believes O’Brien is a member of the “Brotherhood” -- a legendary group of anti-Party rebels • Winston trusts and admires O’Brien, but never quite figures him out

Characters: Mr. Charrington • A kind and encouraging old man who runs a second-hand shop in the prole district • He rents Winston and Julia a room without a telescreen so they can carry on their love affair • He seems supportive of Winston’s rebellion against the Party

Characters: Big Brother • Big Brother is the perceived ruler of Oceania -- he looks like a combination of Hitler and Stalin • Big Brother’s God-like image is stamped on coins and projected on telescreens -- his face is unavoidable

1984: Oceania’s Ranks • Oceania is a huge country ruled by The Party, which is led by a figure called “Big Brother” • The Inner Party (1% of pop.) control the country • The Outer Party (18% of pop.) are controlled by the Inner Party • The Proles (81% of pop.) are the labor power who live in poverty • The Brotherhood is an underground rebellion organization lead by Emmanuel Goldstein

1984: Newspeak • Newspeak is the official language of Oceania • The goal of the Party is to have Newspeak replace Oldspeak (standard English) • Newspeak eliminates undesirable words and invents new words -- all to force Party conformity

1984: Doublethink • Doublethink is the manipulation of the mind by making people accept contradictions • Doublethink makes people believe that the Party is the only institution that knows right from wrong • “The Ministry of Truth” (where Winston works) changes history, facts, and memories to promote Doublethink

1984: Story Overview • Winston is sick of his job fabricating and changing history at the “Ministry of Truth” • Winston has a sexual affair with Julia -- he trusts her and shares his rebellious thoughts with her • Winston wants to get involved with O’Brien, who he thinks is part of the Brotherhood rebellion • Eventually both Winston and Julia are captured by the Party

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  1. George Orwell

    Born on June 25,1903 in Motihari , Bengal, in a British colony of India. Eric Arthur Blair, known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelists and journalist. His father Richard, worked for the Opium Department of the Civil Service. His mother, Ida, was the one whom had brought him to England. And didn't see his father 3 years later.

  2. Biography

    George Orwell was an English novelist, essayist, and critic most famous for his novels Animal Farm (1945) and Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949). The following biography was written by D.J. Taylor. Taylor is an author, journalist and critic. His biography, Orwell: The Life won the 2003 Whitbread Biography Award. His new biography, Orwell: The New Life was...

  3. George Orwell

    George Orwell (born June 25, 1903, Motihari, Bengal, India—died January 21, 1950, London, England) was an English novelist, essayist, and critic famous for his novels Animal Farm (1945) and Nineteen Eighty-four (1949), the latter a profound anti-utopian novel that examines the dangers of totalitarian rule.. Born Eric Arthur Blair, Orwell never entirely abandoned his original name, but his ...

  4. PPT

    A Biography of George Orwell "Men can only be happy when they do not assume that the object of life is happiness.". Real Name—Eric Arthur Blair • Lived 1903-1950 • Born in India • Moved to England as a small child • His childhood dream: "From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knew that when I grew up I should ...

  5. George Orwell

    George Orwell. Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 - 21 January 1950) was an English novelist, poet, essayist, journalist, and critic who wrote under the pen name of George Orwell. [2] His work is characterised by lucid prose, social criticism, opposition to totalitarianism, and support of democratic socialism. [3]

  6. A Biography of George Orwell

    Real Name—Eric Arthur Blair Lived Born in India Moved to England as a small child His childhood dream: "From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knew that when I grew up I should be a writer." His pen name: George "sounds solidly English" and Orwell is the name of "a river in Suffolk, England"

  7. George Orwell

    George Orwell was an English novelist, essayist and critic most famous for his novels 'Animal Farm' (1945) and 'Nineteen Eighty-Four' (1949).

  8. George Orwell

    Title: George Orwell. Description: George Orwell Eric Arthur Blair 1903-1950 Biographical Information June 25, 1903-January 21, 1950 ~~ Place of Birth: Motihari, India (now Bihar) Place ... - PowerPoint PPT presentation. Number of Views: 1821. Avg rating:3.0/5.0. Slides: 15.

  9. Biography of George Orwell

    A Biography of George OrwellPPT - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. George Orwell, whose real name was Eric Arthur Blair, was a famous English author best known for his dystopian novels Animal Farm and 1984. He was born in India in 1903 and moved to England as a child where he attended private schools.

  10. George Orwell: A Brief Biography PPT for 8th

    This George Orwell: A Brief Biography PPT is suitable for 8th - 12th Grade. Studying an author can help learners better understand literature. George Orwell's biography is the focus of this presentation, which leads into an activity and discussion about concepts connected to Animal Farm. .

  11. PPT

    Presentation Transcript. George Orwell A look into his life and legacy By: Nicholas Fugaro. Early life and parents • Born Eric Arthur Blair, Orwell grew up in British India in the early 1900s • Two older sisters: Marjorie and Avril • Orwell's father was a military man • Orwell thought his dad was "boring and conservative" • He ...

  12. PDF 1984 by George Orwell

    Great Depression. Enhanced fears about the future. Beginnings of the Cold War. Orwell's fear = a world where totalitarian dictatorship destroys human freedoms and human kind. Joseph Stalin's Communist Soviet Union. Totalitarianism. absolute authority and central control over all aspects of life by the government.

  13. 1984 George Orwell group presentation

    6. Biography of George orwell Eric Arthur Blair - pen name -George Orwell. He was born in 1903 in Motihari, Bengal, in india. Eric Blair attended the local primary school at Henley on Thame. Orwell's essay, called "Such,Such were the joys" contains memories of his life at St.Cyprian's. This essay was written in 1948, but was published only after his death because the memories recorded in it ...

  14. 1984 George Orwell Biography Presentation by Nathan Hogan's Store

    This PowerPoint provides a biographical overview of the author George Orwell, with a strong emphasis on his bibliography of major and minor works. I typically present it as a pre-reading lecture before my students read 1984, but it could be modified for use with another of Orwell's works. The presen...

  15. PDF 1984 by George Orwell

    1984 by George Orwell. What You Need to Know. The Setting. London, England—aka "Airstrip One" The year 1984 (but really just sometime in the future) Government=totalitarian dictatorship. Big Brother: symbol and glorified persona Inner Party: intellectuals devoted to Party Outer Party: powerless middle class The Proles: the "subhuman ...

  16. PDF Presentazione di PowerPoint

    George Orwell • Orwell was educated at Eton, in England, where he began to develop an independent-minded personality, indifference to accepted values, and professed atheism and socialism. • On leaving college, he started to work for the Indian Imperial Police in Burma (1922-1927). • He hated working in Burma and returned to

  17. PPT

    George Orwell. A Brief Biography. Meet George Orwell. " Liberty is telling people what they do not want to hear. " - George Orwell. Meet George Orwell. George Orwell was born Eric Arthur Blair in 1903 in Motihari, Bengal, India. Slideshow 1712775 by zeheb

  18. 1984 George Orwell PowerPoint by The Millennial English Teacher

    This 25 page PowerPoint provides an overview of George Orwell's classic novel 1984. Sections include: author's biography, historical context, plot basics, key terms explained including NewsSpeak, Telescreens, and ThoughtPolice, characters, themes, and symbols. This is a great way to introduce the novel before reading it.

  19. George Orwell

    About This Presentation. Title: George Orwell. Description: George Orwell Real Name Eric Arthur Blair Lived 1903-1950 Born in India Moved to England as a small child His pen name: George sounds solidly English and ... - PowerPoint PPT presentation. Number of Views: 743. Avg rating:3.0/5.0. Slides: 11.

  20. George Orwells 1984

    Title: George Orwells 1984. Description: Novelist and one of most renowned English-language essayists ... saw first-hand the atrocities of totalitarian government in Spain and Russia. ... - PowerPoint PPT presentation. Number of Views: 7915. Avg rating:5.0/5.0. Slides: 16. Provided by: jaredebl.

  21. PPT

    1984 by George Orwell. 1984 by George Orwell. Background, author bio, and context for the classic post-apocalyptic speculative novel. George Orwell (Arthur Blair). 1903-1950 English, private school teacher, reporter, editor, etc. Vs. totalitarianism (Spanish Civil War), pro democratic socialism- (like Hemingway).

  22. George Orwell's 1984 Current Relevance Thesis Presentation

    Download the "George Orwell's 1984 Current Relevance Thesis" presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides. Congratulations, you have finally finished your research and made it to the end of your thesis! But now comes the big moment: the thesis defense. You want to make sure you showcase your research in the best way possible and impress your ...

  23. PPT

    Presentation Transcript. About the Author • "George Orwell" was the pen name of Eric Blair. • Orwell was an Englishman born in India in 1903. He died at age 47. • Orwell was educated at Eton, a prestigious boarding school in England. Characters: Winston Smith • Winston Smith: Main character and the narrator of the story.