Forest Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on forest.

Forests are an intricate ecosystem on earth which contains trees , shrubs, grasses and more. The constituents of forests which are trees and plants form a major part of the forests. Furthermore, they create a healthy environment so that various species of animals can breed and live there happily. Therefore, we see how forests are a habitat for a plethora of wild animals and birds. In addition to being of use to wildlife, forests benefit mankind greatly and hold immense significance.

Importance of Forests

Forests cover a significant area of the earth. They are a great natural asset to any region and hold immense value. For instance, forests fulfill all our needs of timber, fuel, fodder, bamboos and more. They also give us a variety of products that hold great commercial as well as industrial value.

Forest Essay

In addition, forests give us a large number of raw materials for various products like paper, rayon, gums, medicinal drugs and more. Other than that, forests are also a major source of employment for a significant population . For example, people are involved in their protection, harvesting , regeneration, raw material processing and more.

Moreover, forests are largely responsible for preserving the physical features of our planet. They monitor soil erosion and prevent it from happening. Further, they alleviate floods by making the streams flow continually. This, in turn, helps our agriculture to a great extent.

Most importantly, forests are a habitat for wildlife. They provide them with shelter and food. Thus, it is quite important to protect forests and furthermore enhance the forest cover for a greener and sustainable future.

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Improving Forest Cover

When we talk about forest cover, we do not merely refer to planting new trees but also improving the degraded forest land. To meet the fulfilments of the demand for timber and non-timber forests, we need to have a comprehensive approach to enhance the forest cover.

Forests are being wiped out and trees are being cut down at a rapid rate. To meet the other needs of humans, we are losing sight of the bigger picture. People need to take steps to improve the forest cover rather than decrease it. The government must regulate the cutting down of trees. We must adopt roper methods which ensure the regrowth of trees. This way, we will be able to fulfill both the needs.

Furthermore, we must control forest fires. We must adopt the latest techniques which will help in fire fighting more efficiently. This will prevent further loss of trees and animals. Most importantly, afforestation plus reforestation must be practiced. The people and government must plant new trees in place of the one cut down. Moreover, they must plant trees in new areas to develop a forest.

In short, forests are a great blessing of nature. Various types of forests are home to a thousand animals and also means of livelihood for numerous people. We must recognize the importance of forests and take proper measures to tackle the issue of deforestation.

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Essay on Forest for Students in 500 Words

student forest essay

  • Updated on  
  • Jan 19, 2024

Essay on Forest

Essay on Forest: ‘Do you remember the quote by Henry David Thoreau, ‘I took a walk in the woods and came out taller.’ Forests are part of our natural environment and are essential for sustaining the planet. Forests are home to flora and fauna. Trees release oxygen into the atmosphere and take the carbon dioxide. Based on the geographical conditions, there are 5 types of forests: Coniferous, Deciduous, Mixed, Mediterranean Forests and Tropical Rainforests. Continue reading to find out more about essay on forest.

Also Read : Essay on Deforestation: 100, 300 Words

Significance of Forests

In an ecosystem, forests are an essential part. They provide us oxygen, remove carbon-dioxide from air, etc. For healthy functioning of our planet, forests are incredibly significant.

If there are no forests, then human civilisation would cease to exist because we are dependent on them for many essential resources such as wood, paper, food, timber, etc. Forests provide home to many species of plants, insects, animals, etc.

They also house microorganisms. On the well being of weather also, forests have an ultimate impact as they filter air and water, regulate the weather as well as the changes in the climate.

Importance of Forest Conservation

Forest conservation is a necessary step to sustain the planet for future generations.

  • Forests help the prevention of soil erosion and enrich and conserve soil.
  • Forests help prevent hazardous events like floods and landslides.
  • Forests are hubs of trees, which supply us with food and oxygen.
  • Forest conservation is crucial for maintaining biodiversity.
  • Forests give us various resources such as timber, medicinal plants, and other natural products.
  • Forest conservation will ensure the diverse wildlife remains intact.
  • Various indigenous communities are connected with forests for their cultural and spiritual significance.
  • Forests serve as great places for recreation and tourism.
  • Forest conservation will help regulate regional temperature, weather patterns, and the overall health of the planet.

Also Read: Essay on Save Trees

How to Improve Forest Cover?

The National Forest Policy of India proposed that at least 33% of the land must be under forest cover. This would ensure ecological balance and strengthen its well-being. The following steps can be taken to improve forest cover. 

  • Planting more trees is one of the best ways to increase forest cover.
  • Deforestation is one of the major reasons why forest cover is depleting. Therefore, it must be stopped.
  • Following the practice of Reforestation. It involves replanting trees in deforested areas, which were earlier part of a forest.
  • Involving the participation of local and indigenous communities.
  • Educating people about the importance of forest preservation.
  • Practising sustainable logging. This will ensure that only a limited number of trees are harvested and that regeneration is allowed.
  • Managing protected areas and national parks to protect endangered species.

Also Read: Essay on Environment

Causes of Deforestation

Deforestation is the main reason why forest cover is shrinking and affecting everyone on the planet. Annually 10% of global warming is caused by forest loss and damage. There are multiple reasons why people practice deforestation.

  • Illegal logging practices destroy the livelihood of indigenous communities.
  • The increased practice of mining results in the clearing of a large forest area for digging excavation pits and constructing roads.
  • Forest fires have become more prevalent, which have both natural and man-made causes.
  • Urbanization or industrialization, where a large number of trees are cut down.
  • Agricultural expansion, as the demand for food items is increasing.
  • climate change, which is making forests more susceptible to diseases, pests, and wildfires.

Forests serve as the lifeline for environmental sustainability. Forests play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance. Therefore, we must ensure that our activities don’t affect this balance of the ecosystem.

Also Read: Essay on Save Environment

Free Quotes on Forests for Students

Here are some quotes on forests for students. Feel free to add them to your essay topics and impress your teacher and classmates.

  • ‘The clear way into the universe is through a forest wilderness.’ – John Muir
  • ‘And into the forest I go, to lose my mind and find my soul.’ – John Muir
  • ‘Trees are the Earth’s endless effort to speak to the listening heaven.’ – Rabindranath Tagore
  • ‘The creation of a thousand forests is in one acorn.’ – Ralph Waldo Emerson
  • ‘We won’t have a society if we destroy the environment.’ – Margaret Mead
  • ‘A nation that destroys its soils destroys itself. Forests are the lungs of our land, purifying the air and giving fresh strength to our people.’ – Franklin D. Roosevelt

Ans: Forests are considered the lungs of our land, as they consume carbon dioxide and release fresh oxygen into the atmosphere. According to the National Forest Policy, a minimum of 33% of land should be under forest cover to ensure environmental sustainability. Human activities like agricultural expansion, deforestation, mining, logging, etc. have greatly reduced the forest cover all across the globe. It is high time that we educate ourselves and take preventive measures to increase the forest cover so that the ecological balance is maintained.

Ans: Deforestation refers to clearing the forest land. There are multiple causes of deforestation, such as illegal logging, mining, rapid urbanization or industrialization, agricultural expansion, forest fires, soil erosion, etc.

Ans: Some of the basic steps to improve forest cover are practicing deforestation and reforestation, educating people about the importance of forest cover, encouraging indigenous people to participate in taking care of the forest lands, managing protected areas and national parks, etc.

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Essay on Forest

Importance of forests essay.

Forests are an essential part of our ecosystem and have great importance in our nature. Forest is a big piece of land constituting trees, shrubs, grasses, plants and more. It covers a significant part of our ecosystem and the natural resource of many useful raw materials. Based on the temperature and climate conditions, there are majorly three kinds of forests in our ecosystem:

Coniferous Forests 

They are found in the cold regions like Canada, Alaska, Northern Europe and Northern Asia. These types of forests consist of cone-bearing seed plants and have adapted to cold weather conditions. As the process of decay by dead animals and plants is less available in these forests, the soil quality of these forests is low and not fertile.

Deciduous Forests 

They are found in the moderate temperature regions like Europe, Asia and Northern America. Meaning of Deciduous is "tending to fall off". That is why the plants in these types of forests shed their leaves in autumn which regrow in the spring season. These kinds of forests can adapt to all kinds of climate change.

Tropical Rain Forests  

These kinds of forests are found in the heavy rainfall regions like South America, Indonesia, the Congo, Hawaii and Eastern Australia. The plants grow in these forests are thick and long, generally known as the canopy.

Importance of Forests Paragraph

Forests have a great significance in our ecosystem as they are the habitat of many wildlife animals and birds. Not only this, they are the natural source of many raw materials like Gums, Paper, Bamboos, Timber, Fuel, Rayon, Medicinal Drugs etc. All of these resources are required for human needs and industrialisation. Following are the importance of Forests in nature:

Forests protect wildlife and ecosystems by controlling flood, soil erosion, rainfall and air pollution.

It gives employment to many people who are involved in agriculture and harvesting.

Forests help in maintaining the earth's temperature by providing fresh air, oxygen and taking harmful gases like carbon dioxide away.

Forests support agriculture and provide us with essential herbs, food and other supplements.

Forests protect the wildlife species by providing habitat and food to them.

Despite having great importance in our ecosystem, Forests are continuously getting destroyed by humans for their need and industrialisation purposes. To meet our daily needs, we are cutting down trees without thinking about the consequences. Due to which we are witnessing low air quality and climate change. Deforestation is inducing many problems in nature by disturbing the balance of the ecosystem. Some of the major issues caused by deforestation are:

Forest Fire

Climate Change

Eliminating shelter of wildlife species

Poor Air Quality

Soil Erosion

Low Soil Quality, and many more.

How to Improve Forests Condition and Forests Cover?

To avoid all these problems, we need to protect forests by improving forests cover. Forest Cover refers to planting new trees and taking proper care of them. As a responsible citizen of this planet, it is our responsibility to preserve forests and improve the condition of our planet. To do this, we need to take a few steps which can improve forest cover and the condition of our ecosystem.

Steps to Improve Forests Cover and their Condition:

The first step to improve forests cover is to plant more new trees and stop cutting the old ones for our selfish needs. By planting more trees, we can enhance the quality of air and make up for the loss we have done by cutting down the trees. Every individual must plant new trees every year as their responsibility. The government should also take responsibility for it and make new laws to regulate the cutting down of trees.

We must opt for other ways to fulfil our needs so that the cutting of trees can be regulated and forests can be protected.

We should find new and effective ways to regulate forest fires as they cause significant damage to all the wildlife species and nature. We should adopt more effective techniques to stop a forest fire.

We should also protect the wildlife species and strictly give punishment to those who hunt them. By saving them and their habitat, we can prevent their extinction.

We should use recyclable paper for our daily purposes or try to opt for the digital system as it will decrease the need for papers because many trees are cutting down to make paper. We should not waste paper and aware of other people as well to do the same.

By following these methods, we can improve the forests cover and the condition of forests in our ecosystem.

Forests are the essential part of our ecosystem, and thus it is our responsibility to preserve and protect it for our future generations, wildlife species and quality of life. We must not cut trees and plant more trees to improve air quality. We should aware people about the importance of forests and ask them to adopt effective ways to protect them. By doing this, we will not only save our planet but also preserve the natural resources for our future generations.

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Importance Of Forest Essay For Students

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August 14, 2023

student forest essay

Walking through the traffic while inhaling the gases released by vehicles sometimes makes us sick and dizzy. Now imagine what it could do if there were nothing to absorb the harmful gases. That is where the significance of forests and trees comes in, as it purifies the atmosphere and provides us with oxygen to breathe. 

In fact, the importance of forest resources can be indicated by the fact that all living beings’ survival largely depends on global terrestrial biodiversity. Unfortunately, that has not stopped anthropogenic activities and pollution from hampering the forests. As a result, animals have been losing their habitat, and it also leads to soil erosion. 

Why Is Forest Important? 

Forest lands comprise 31 percent of the total land on the Earth’s surface, covering over 4.06 million hectares of land. Furthermore, it is critical for sustaining life on the planet, providing oxygen, food, shelter, fuel, etc. 

Importance of Forests 

  • Forests are home to more than half of the world’s land-based species of animals, plants, and insects. 
  • Forests are instrumental in maintaining the oxygen and temperature levels of the atmosphere. 
  • Forests prevent soil erosion and floods. 
  • Forests have particularly rare plants with medicinal value that helps in fighting diseases. 
  • They absorb harmful gases, helping to fight global warming. 
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Importance of Forest Essay 

Forests are a natural habitat for animals, birds, insects and plants; they provide shelter and food. However, it is just as essential for the survival of human beings because the trees and plants supply us with oxygen, without which we won’t be able to breathe. 

In fact, when we read the importance of forest essay, we can observe that many factors go into making forests an integral part of Earth’s sustenance. For instance, ninety percent of the planet’s species rely on plants, trees or shrubs. 

Furthermore, one can read the importance of forest essay to find out vital details such as one acre of mature trees can provide oxygen for eighteen people. More importantly, they act as an air purifier, helping to absorb carbon dioxide and pollutant gases such as sulphur dioxide. 

Forests provide green cover, which absorbs the Sun’s radiation, helping to keep the temperature down and regulating it through evapotranspiration and breeze. Also, the significance of forests can be highlighted in the fact that it regulates rainfall and helps maintain the water table and cool climate. 

Moreover, it plays an integral role in the water cycle process; the forests facilitate water evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. In addition, they provide nourishment to the aquifers, which helps replenish groundwater supplies.  Besides, trees enable rainwater to trickle down the trunk and into the soil, preventing the stormwater from carrying pollutants into the ocean. 

Apart from the environmental benefits, there are many economic advantages, which we can count among one of the 10 importance of forest. Every part of a tree is useful to humans, including the bark, seeds, fruits, logs, pulps, stem, etc. 

No wonder, throughout different time periods, people have been using it in their daily activities, whether in the form of medicine or to make paper to write. As the years rolled by, we learned new ways to utilise forests for various needs, including land, raw materials, wood, medicine, rubber, etc, thereby increasing the importance of forests. 

What Are Forest Resources? 

Forest resources are varied goods and services that we acquire from forests and other woodlands. People use these goods and services for multiple purposes, including economic activities, recreational activities, and subsistence. 

Moreover, the importance of forest resources can be identified from the increasing demand for timber, food, fuel and other materials. For example, timber is one of the most popular and essential resources, as it is vital for furniture and paper production. 

What Is Forest Conservation? 

Forest conservation is the practice of maintaining the natural resources within a forest as it is beneficial for both humans and the environment. Therefore, it involves strategies to mitigate the harmful effects of human activities and environmental pollution. 

For example, deforestation is one of the primary causes of reduction in green belt or forest areas across the world. Therefore, strategies to preserve and protect the forests are essential; afforestation and preservation of natural resources are among important strategies along the following: 

  • Complete avoiding of deforestation is not possible; therefore, selective cutting of trees and not cutting young or premature trees is vital. 
  • Forest fires have been deadly in the past, contributing to the burning down of large masses of forested areas. These occur due to natural or man-made causes; the importance of forests lies in protecting the forests against such instances through well-planned precautions. 

In Conclusion, 

Forests are integral to our survival, and we depend on their sustenance, which is exactly what MIT Gurukul often reminds its students. The renowned institute, famous for its multidisciplinary approach, inculcates the significance of forests from the early years itself. As a result, they develop a sense of responsibility and awareness towards the environment, which they also implement in their daily lives.

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Save Forest Essay

Save Forest Essay

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Save Forest Essay Introduction

Save Forest Essay, A large area consisting of many kinds of trees, plants, grasses, shrubs, etc. All together are known as forests. In this 21st century, forests are in their extension period due to a lot of industrial use and deforestation. Trees provide us oxygen so this is our responsibility to protect the trees and forest. Please also provide us shade and trees are also home to many wild animals. If we will destroy forests then wild animals can attack cities or towns. Forests help in bringing the monsoon season and it also helps to purify the air. Trees are also known as green gold.

Forest also prevents water flooding and famines. Forest brings rainfall and also regulates the flow of water to reduce soil erosion. Forests also increase the fertility of the soil and make it more useful to plant different kinds of crops. To maintain the balance of living things on earth forests are very much essential to support life on earth. It leaves a great impact on climate causing the season change and to bringing the monsoon faster. Forest increases humidity in the air and hence affects many environmental factors to support life on earth. 

Our Dependency on the Forest for Living

All living things on this earth are directly or indirectly dependent on forests or trees for food so trees are also known as producers. A food chain always starts with a producer which is trees. Hence we can say for our living we are entirely dependent on forests because they provide us with oxygen and shelter to live and also give us many kinds of fruits and flowers. Flora and fauna present in our nature are because of the forest only. Forests are also a source of income on our planet Earth for various people’s livelihoods .

It also supports poor and needy people and helps them to run their families by providing them with natural products which we can sell and earn a generous amount of money. Forests are also helpful to increase the GDP of a particular country. We get both cash and non-cash income from forests. They also help the soil absorb more and more water during floods. Plantations from forests provide us with various useful materials and raw materials which are of great use in today’s human day-to-day life. For example, we get wood, Timber, teak, and many other forest products as raw materials which bring a lot of foreign exchange to our country and support its economic conditions.

Woods from forests are also used to make house roofs, windows, doors, and furniture. Forests provide many medicinal plants and herbs to cure several diseases naturally. Many different types of medicines consist of herbs and shrubs from forests which are manufactured in different regions of the country to provide a cure for different health hazards. Forests support endangered wildlife species on Earth. Many different types of flowers from forests are used to make perfumes. Sandalwood is used in many beauty products as a natural ingredient by industrial manufacturers to increase their product demand in the market. Bamboo is used to make paper and cardboard which are in high demand nowadays. Latex from the rubber tree is used to make erasers, rubbers, tubes, etc .

Why We Should Save Forests?

Without the forest, we cannot imagine life on Earth. Oxygen is the most valuable product we get from the trees of the forests. They inhale carbon dioxide which we exhale during the breathing process and exhale oxygen which is very much important for us to breathe and stay alive. Our survival is entirely dependent on forests and their natural products. So we should take several precautions to ensure that forests are safe in our countries. We should also plant more and more trees to build forests and wildlife sanctuaries.

Deforestation and Afforestation

Deforestation refers to a decrease in the number of forest areas from all over the world. In deforestation, forests are destroyed for several other uses like agriculture, urbanization, to perform mining activities, cutting d of trees for wood, etc. Deforestation is having a very negative impact on our natural environment, ecosystem, climatic conditions, and biodiversity. 

Whereas – Afforestation is the process by which forests are established and built up over areas where there are no trees or forests at all. Afforestation refers to an increase in the number of trees and planting so many new trees to form a forest. Seeds are planted or sowed into the ground to make them grow whole as a forest. The process of afforestation is also known as forestation. Many organizations from different regions of the country which may be governmental organizations or nongovernmental organizations involved in the programs of afforestation. They aim to maintain the number of trees and forests on Earth .

How to Save Forests on Earth

We should take different steps to save mother earth and to save the beautiful life-giving forest. So here are some steps mentioned below by which we can save our valuable forests.

  • We should try to take control of forest fires which are caused naturally and sometimes by the pollution caused by human beings also.
  • We should practice reforestation and afforestation to plant more and more trees and make more and more forests around us, which will provide us with a good amount of oxygen and keep our environmental air clean and pure.
  • We should try not to cut down too many trees at a time because forests or trees take time to grow up. If trees will be cutting on a large scale then it will be a problem for our environment. We should try to regulate and maintain the cutting down of trees in a particular area in large quantities.
  • Most farmers nowadays do forest clearance to grow crops or practice agriculture in the same field where there was a forest. This kind of practice of clearing forests at a time for practising agriculture could be too much dangerous and alarming for our entire ecosystem.
  • Apart from the habits of cutting down trees and forests for industrial purposes, there are also some diseases of trees which lead to a decrease in the number of trees in a forest and on the other hand affect our ecosystem due to a decrease in the number of trees in a particular forest. Diseases like parasitic fungi, rusts, mistletoes, viruses, and nematodes cause trees to rotten out and ultimately make them dead. This kind of tree disease could be cured by the use of antibiotics, tree protection chemical sprays, medicines for specific tree diseases, and by building streams in the trees through proper maintenance of healthy soil and healthy water.  
  • We all should not be dear to waste products made by forests or derived from the forest. we should recycle forest products for future uses.

Conclusion of Save Forest Essay

Save Forest Essay, From the above passage, it is known that forests are a huge blessing to nature on our earth. It is the home of several wildlife species. We should not try to snatch their homes from them otherwise they will become helpless edge to attack our towns and cities for their food and their living. We should not pollute our environment because pollution caused by our environment affects the soil and makes the soil infertile so it will be difficult in the future to grow lo more trees and plants to make a forest. We should try to plant more and more trees and many plants in our surroundings like schools, offices, playgrounds, gardens and in the surroundings of our homes . Our mother nature gives us everything unconditionally through the forest we should listen to what she wants and what she needs. 

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Essay on Need to Preserve Forest

Students are often asked to write an essay on Need to Preserve Forest in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Need to Preserve Forest

Importance of forests.

Forests are vital for life on earth. They provide us with fresh air, food, and shelter. They also help in maintaining the earth’s climate by absorbing harmful carbon dioxide.

Threats to Forests

Sadly, forests are disappearing at an alarming rate due to deforestation for agriculture, logging, and urbanization. This not only affects wildlife but also contributes to global warming.

Preserving Forests

We must preserve forests for our future generations. This can be done by stopping deforestation, planting more trees, and promoting sustainable use of forest resources. Let’s protect our forests, our planet.

250 Words Essay on Need to Preserve Forest

The essentiality of forest preservation.

Forests, often referred to as the ‘lungs of the Earth’, play a critical role in maintaining the planet’s overall health. Their preservation is a matter of urgency, necessitated by their role in biodiversity conservation, climate regulation, and human survival.

Biodiversity Conservation

Forests are a treasure trove of biodiversity, hosting about 80% of the world’s terrestrial species. They serve as a sanctuary for a myriad of organisms, from microscopic life to large mammals. The loss of forests equates to a loss of this biodiversity, disrupting ecosystems and threatening species with extinction.

Climate Regulation

Forests act as carbon sinks, absorbing about 2.6 billion tons of carbon dioxide each year. They mitigate the effects of climate change by sequestering carbon and regulating local and global climates. Deforestation, on the other hand, not only ceases this absorption but also releases stored carbon, exacerbating climate change.

Human Survival

Forests provide essential ecosystem services like clean air, water purification, and soil conservation. They also offer economic benefits through timber, non-timber products, and ecotourism. The loss of forests threatens these services and livelihoods, underscoring the importance of forest preservation for human survival.

In conclusion, forest preservation is not a choice but a necessity. It is an integral part of the solution to biodiversity loss, climate change, and sustainable development. It is incumbent upon us, as the stewards of the planet, to ensure that forests continue to thrive for the benefit of all life on Earth.

500 Words Essay on Need to Preserve Forest

Introduction.

Forests are the lungs of our planet, playing a pivotal role in the maintenance of global ecosystems. They are home to a vast array of biodiversity, serve as carbon sinks, and provide essential resources for millions of people. Yet, they are under threat due to human activities. The need to preserve forests is more urgent than ever for the sustainability of our planet and the survival of future generations.

Forests: The Life-Sustaining Powerhouses

Forests cover about 31% of the world’s land surface and house more than 80% of terrestrial biodiversity. They are a complex network of ecosystems, each with its unique flora and fauna that contribute to the overall health of the planet. Forests also play a crucial role in maintaining the planet’s climate by absorbing a significant portion of carbon dioxide emissions, thus mitigating the impacts of climate change.

The Threats to Forests

Despite their importance, forests are under immense pressure due to deforestation, forest degradation, and climate change. Deforestation, driven by agricultural expansion, logging, infrastructure development, and other human activities, is causing an alarming loss of forest cover. This not only leads to the loss of biodiversity but also disrupts the balance of carbon in the atmosphere, exacerbating climate change.

The Imperative of Forest Conservation

Preserving forests is not just about saving trees; it’s about safeguarding the intricate web of life that depends on them. Forest conservation ensures the survival of many species that would otherwise face extinction. Furthermore, it helps maintain the balance of atmospheric gases and stabilizes the world’s climate.

Strategies for Forest Conservation

Effective forest conservation requires a multi-pronged approach. First, there must be a global commitment to reduce deforestation and promote sustainable land use practices. This can be achieved through stricter regulations, incentivizing sustainable practices, and promoting the use of technology for better forest management.

Second, there needs to be a focus on reforestation and afforestation activities. Planting new trees can help restore degraded forests and increase the overall forest cover. However, these efforts should be guided by ecological principles to ensure the creation of biodiverse and resilient ecosystems.

Lastly, local communities should be involved in forest conservation efforts. Many indigenous communities have been living sustainably with forests for generations, and their traditional knowledge can provide valuable insights into effective forest management.

The need to preserve forests is a shared responsibility that transcends geographical boundaries and generations. It is not just about the survival of the forests, but about the survival of our planet and all its inhabitants. By embracing sustainable practices, promoting reforestation, and leveraging traditional knowledge, we can ensure that forests continue to thrive and support life on Earth for generations to come.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

  • Essay on Conservation of Forest
  • Essay on Advantages of Forest
  • Essay on Pleasure of Cycling

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Essay On ‘The Forest’ For Children – 10 Lines, Short & Long Essay

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Key Points To Note: Essay On The Forest For Lower Primary Classes

10 lines on the forest for kids, a paragraph on the forest, short essay on importance of the forest for children, long essay on the forest in english for kids, what will your child learn from this essay.

Young kids always benefit from writing essays on simple topics, such as essays on the forest. The whole essay writing process primarily improves a child’s thought process as they start writing about the things they experience and process. According to experts, essay writing enhances problem-solving, critical thinking, and thought formation skills. Forests are the earth’s lungs, so an essay on forests is one of the best topics for young children. This write-up will provide you with more details on how to write an essay about the forest.

As kids, before writing an essay on the forest, they need to understand that forests are crucial for the survival of humanity. The following are essential points to remember when writing an essay on forests for lower primary classes:

  • An essay has three segments – the introduction, body, and conclusion.
  • In your introduction paragraph, define what a forest is. Mention that forests are home to an innumerable species on the planet earth.
  • The body can have one or two paragraphs, depending on the child’s grade. In this segment, one can cover information about the importance of forests on our planet.
  • The conclusion can speak about the effects of deforestation and how we can combat climate change by preserving forests.

Following are ten lines on the topic, which can help kids form short sentences about the topic:

  • A forest is a large green wild area that grows naturally.
  • A forest is usually a big space covered with trees, thick vegetation, and animals living within.
  • They are an essential part of our ecosystem that must be preserved and protected.
  • Forests cover a large chunk of the area on earth.
  • They are an essential natural asset and hold enormous value.
  • The trees absorb the carbon dioxide and generate oxygen for us to breathe.
  • Since forests produce oxygen, they are also known as green lungs of the earth.
  • Forests are precious resources that need preservation.
  • They are home to innumerable species in the plant and animal kingdom.
  • Humans should learn to use the resources of the forest and preserve them to help save nature.

When younger kids start writing essays, they start with short paragraphs. Their teachers can also ask them to write five sentences about the forest. Following is a short paragraph on the forest for classes 1 and 2.

A huge amount or number of trees on a portion of land make up a forest. Forests are an excellent source of oxygen as plants and trees breathe out a significant amount of oxygen daily and breathe in carbon dioxide. This process helps keep the environment clean and the air pure. The plants and trees of a forest help preserve biodiversity and ecological balance. Forests are critical in sustaining cycles of condensation and evaporation that cause rains. They are an important resource that provide medicines, as trees’ roots and wood are used to make various medicines. Deforestation has played a huge role in decreasing the cover of forests on earth, resulting in global warming.

When kids start writing an essay, they can begin with a short essay on any given topic. Following is a short essay for kids on the subject of forests:

Forests, also known as the “green lungs of the earth”, and play a crucial role in sustaining and maintaining the planet’s natural equilibrium and balancing the food cycle.

Forests cover approximately 30% of the surface of the earth. Forests provide a home to fauna, flora, wildlife, and various animal and plant species. Forests have always given humans a great source of livelihood. However, we have failed to preserve and protect the forests. Our actions like deforestation have resulted in environmental imbalance. Also, the sun’s harmful UV rays can easily pass through the ozone layer because of the reduced forest cover, and these UV rays are harming the planet. Forests are crucial to maintaining an ecological balance on earth. It is high time we correct our actions and make an oath to plant more trees and protect what’s left of the forests.

When writing an essay for class 3, kids must provide more details on the topic. Following is a long essay on forests:

Forests are crucial for the existence of the earth. Without any forest cover on this planet, the devastating effects of climate change may be witnessed with a horrible impact on human life. Forests are vital to humans as they provide multiple resources that human beings use for survival.

Forests are home to various wild animals such as tigers, elephants, cheetah, lions, rhinoceros, wolves, etc. These animals are essential for a healthy food cycle, and they would become extinct if there were absolutely no forests. Every animal or bird has to play its part in maintaining the food cycle of the planet, and any disturbance in this food cycle will eventually lead to the extinction of human beings and animals.

Forests provide resources such as nutrients, wood, food, timber, fuels, and so much more to human beings to help them survive. Irresponsible actions of humans like cutting down forest land for agricultural purposes, conducting deforestation drives to expand villages and cities, killing animals for horns, furs, organs, etc., have led to depleted forest cover.

Issues like global warming, desertification, floods, forest fires, biodiversity losses, extinction, and much more are the results of such actions. We should try to do what we can to make our forests bloom and spread wider, and keep the environment around them healthy. 

Essay On Forest For Children - 10 Lines, Short and Long Essay

Different Types Of Forests

Various kinds of forests exist on planet earth. Following are the different types of forests:

  • Tropical Forests:  Tropical rain forests are around the equator in Africa, Central America, and Southeast Asia. These forests have the largest species diversity per area in the world.
  • Temperate Forests:  Temperate forests grow in the next latitude ring, in north-eastern Asia, North America, and Europe. There are four well-defined seasons in this zone, comprising winter.
  • Boreal Forests:  Also known as taiga, Boreal forests are located between 50 and 60 degrees of latitude in the sub-Arctic zone. This area contains Scandinavia, Siberia, Canada, and Alaska.

Why Are Forests Important?

Forests provide us with various things that we need in our daily lives. Following are the benefits of the forest:

  • Close to 1.6 billion humans depend on forests for their livelihood.
  • Forests are the most geographically-diverse ecosystems on land.
  • Forests help balance oxygen, humidity, and carbon dioxide in the air.
  • Forests offer priceless economic, ecological, social, and health benefits.

Effects Of Deforestation

Deforestation can result in catastrophic effects. Humans have to learn to live without misusing the resources of the forest. This planet does not belong to humans solely, and we need to learn to share all forest resources with all the living beings on the earth.

Following are the four major effects of deforestation:

  • Soil Erosion
  • Disruption of the water cycle
  • Greenhouse gas emissions
  • Biodiversity losses
  • Animal extinction
  • Climate Change

Improving Forest Cover

Improving the forest cover will help prevent soil erosion during natural calamities like floods. Soil erosion is the elimination of topsoil which reduces the quality of the soil. Let us pledge to plant trees and prevent soil erosion.

In writing an essay on forests and the forest composition, your child won’t only learn about the definition of forests but will also know how important forests are for the existence of humanity and the survival of this planet. Your child will learn to respect mother nature.

1. Which One Is The Largest Forest In The World?

The world’s largest rainforest is the Amazon. It is home to more than 30 million people and one in ten known species on Earth.

2. When is International Forest Day Celebrated?

We celebrate International Forest Day on 21st March every year.

The existence of forests is imperative for human presence in the world, and they are the key source of many life-depending things like wood, medicines, etc. We must conserve our forests for the bright future of our upcoming generations.

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Essay on Forest for Students & Children in English [Easy Words]

January 16, 2021 by Sandeep

Essay on Forest: The green cover of the Earth’s surface is predominated by forests and constitutes about 31% of the Earth’s ecosystem. They provide a beautiful living paradise for wildlife, flora, fauna, rare trees, animals and birds. Forests are a treasure trove of resources. They provide plenty of fresh air to the Earth and balance the water cycle and thus a blessing for mankind. Timber, food products, fuel, medicines and spices can be obtained by forest trees.

Essay on Forest 500 Words in English

Below we have provided Forest Essay in English, suitable for class 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 & 10.

Forests are the home to about millions of creatures. They are surrounded by the beauty of woods, long tress with the limitless sky over them, gently blowing breeze and many more heart-warming things. Forests are entangled part of our ecosystem. They contain trees, shrubs, grasses, etc. They are covered with trees and plants and offer a comfortable environment for wildlife to live in.

Types of Forest

India is covered with various types of forests. From the rain forest in the south to the pastures in the north, from the deserts in the west to the evergreen forests in the east. There is a diverse range of forest in India. Based on nature, composition, and type of climate forest are divided into different types.

  • Coniferous forest stays green all year long and has trees with needle-like leaves. These forests are found across the Northern Hemisphere and in certain Southern Hemisphere places. They grow in climates where there are short summers and long winters.
  • The evergreen forest has evergreen trees that remain full of leaves and are tall and hardwood types throughout the year. They usually occur in areas receiving more than 200 cm of rainfall and have a hot climate.
  • The wet evergreen forest has tall, straight evergreen trees with an underpinning trunk that helps them to stay upright during a storm. They grow in the area having a temperature of about 25°-27°C and rainfall up to 250 cm annually.
  • Tropical Deciduous forest, commonly known as Monsoon forest, are the most widespread forest. They have trees that lose their leaves seasonally. As seasons change, the colours of the leave also change.
  • The Thorn Forest have stunted trees with thorny bushes, and roots spread deep underground. Trees remain leafless for most of the year. They are found in areas with temperatures around 25 to 30 degrees, and rainfall less than 70 cm.

Importance of Forest

We cannot underestimate how important forests are to us. We depend on forests for many things, from oxygen to the wood. Significant benefits of the forest include-

  • Forests provide us with water, food, and fuel. They give us raw materials to make medicines, cosmetics, and detergents.
  • Forests provide habitats to a large number of animal species. They are home to 80% of the wildlife, and they form the source of livelihood for many human settlements, including 60 million native people.
  • Trees keep the earth cool by absorbing carbon dioxide reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Plants need carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. They protect us from global warming. They generate atmospheric conditions that promote regular rainfall. During floods, they help the ground by absorbing water that improves the soil’s fertility.

Conservation of Forest Essay

The conservation of forest essay is a useful learning resource for kids to understand the value of forests and wildlife. Forests are important to us. They provide air and water, absorb carbon dioxide, protect us from natural disasters, and house many of our wild animals. Hence, it is our duty to conserve them.

Due to human activities, the world is losing its forests. If we do not take action now, we will lose them forever. The continuing destruction of our forests is both a cause and consequence of climate change. This destroys the habitat of many plant and animal species that cannot adapt to changing conditions. Unfortunately, the trend toward extinction has been accelerated with the recent introduction of exotic species, which have caused millions of trees and other species to be lost or destroyed. We must preserve the environment for future generations, and all of us need to do our part in conserving what is left by keeping invasive species at bay.

Conservation of Forest Essay

To protect the environment, we have to reduce our carbon footprint. Minimising food waste is one of the best ways to reduce your carbon footprint. It is also important for us to care about our wildlife and forests through awareness programmes on the importance of protecting them. The conservation of forest and wildlife essay is a great way to teach kids the significance of coexisting with nature and protecting its elements.

Importance of Conservation of Forests and Wildlife

The conservation of forest essay keeps your little ones engaged in learning the significance of protecting nature and wild animals. Conservation implies preserving something or maintaining it to keep it alive. People have concerns about preserving forests and wildlife because of the need for trees, which is why many people save a fallen tree from being chopped down by cutting it into logs.

Since forests are home to many species, it’s vital to preserve them because it is where animals can escape from danger and find food, water, and shelter. Moreover, forests contribute to climate stability and provide food for animals who live there or depend on them for their livelihoods.

The Earth is full of species, and it is our responsibility to take care of them. Some animals need conservation as they are facing the threat of extinction. The more we help these animals, the better the planet will be. Also, the conservation of forest essay PDF helps create awareness among kids so that they can take the necessary steps to protect our planet.

With the Earth’s resources being depleted, protecting our wildlife and nature is crucial. Conservation of wildlife has a lot of benefits to society that many people are unaware of, and it also helps the environment by reducing pollution and protecting endangered species.

You can find more essays similar to the conservation of forest essay on BYJU’S website. Also, explore a range of kid-friendly learning resources, such as short stories, poems, worksheets, etc., for young learners on the website.

Frequently Asked Questions on Conservation of Forest Essay

Does deforestation affect climate change.

Yes. Deforestation affects climate change, as it increases the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which leads to a rise in atmospheric temperature.

Why is it important to conserve wildlife and forests?

It’s important to preserve wildlife and forests because animals can escape from danger and find food, water, and shelter. Moreover, forests contribute to climate stability and provide food for animals who live there or depend on them for their livelihoods.

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Essay on Forest for Children and Students

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A forest is basically a piece of land that encompasses large number of trees and various varieties of plants. These beautiful creations of nature serve as home for different species of animals.

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A vast expanse covered with dense trees, shrubs, mosses and wide variety of plants is referred to as a forest. There are different types of forests around the world that are home for different varieties of flora and fauna. Here are essays on forest of varying lengths to help you with the topic whenever you required. You can chose any forest essay according to your need:

Long and Short Essay on Forest in English

Forest essay – 1 (200 words).

A forest is known as an intricate ecosystem that is densely covered with trees, shrubs, grasses and mosses. The trees and other plants that form a part of the forests create an environment that is healthy for the breeding several species of animals. These are thus a habitat for a large variety of wild animals and birds.

Different types of forests grow in different parts of the world. These are mainly divided into three categories – Rain Forests, Coniferous Forests and Deciduous Forests. Forests form an important part of the ecological system mainly because they aids majorly in biodiversity. A large number of birds and animals survive only because of the presence of forests.

However, unfortunately forests are being cut at a rapid speed to serve various purposes. The increase in the demand of various commodities derived from the trees that grow in different forests and the need to accommodate the growing population are among the major reasons for deforestation. It is important to realise that forests are essential for the survival of the mankind. Forests help in purifying the atmosphere, aid in climate control, act as natural watershed and are a source of livelihood for many people.

Forests must thus be preserved. Deforestation is a global issue and effective measures must be taken to control this issue.

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Forest Essay – 2 (300 words)

Introduction

Forest is generally referred to a vast area covered with different types of plants and trees. These are mostly a habitat for various wild animals and different species of birds. Forests are formed of different layers that have their own importance and functions.

Importance of Forests

Forests form an important part of the ecological system. The need to preserve forests and grow more trees is often stressed upon. Some of the top reasons to do so are as follows:

  • Purification of Atmosphere

It is common knowledge that plants exhale oxygen and inhale carbon dioxide. They also absorb other greenhouse gases that are harmful for the atmosphere. Trees and forests thus help in purifying the air we breathe as well as the atmosphere as a whole.

  • Climate Control

Trees and soils regulate the atmospheric temperatures through the process of evapotranspiration. This aids in stabilizing the climate. Forests keep the temperature cool. They also have the power to build their own microclimates. For instance, the Amazon creates atmospheric conditions that promote regular rainfall in the surrounding areas.

  • Habitat for Animals and Birds

Forests serve as a home for numerous species of wild animals and birds. These are thus a great means to maintain biodiversity which is extremely essential for maintaining a healthy environment.

  • Natural Watershed

The trees form a shade over the rivers and lakes running from the forest and keep them from drying.

  • Source of Wood

Wood is used to build different pieces of furniture including tables, chairs and beds among other things. Forests serve as a source of different types of woods.

  • Means of Livelihood

Millions of people around the world rely on the forests for their livelihood directly or indirectly. Around 10 million are directly employed for the conservation and management of forests.

Forests are thus important for the survival of the mankind. From the fresh air we breathe to the wood we require to build the bed we sleep on – Everything is derived from forests.

Forest Essay – 3 (400 words)

Forest is a huge expanse covered with trees. There are different types of forests across the world. These have been categorized based on their types of soil, trees and other species of flora and fauna. A large part of earth is covered with forests.

The Origin of the Term – Forest

The term forest comes from the Old French word fores meaning vast land mainly dominated by trees and plants. It was introduced in English as a term that referred to wild land that people explored for hunting. It may or may not be occupied by trees. If this was the case, some people claimed that the term forest was derived from the Medieval Latin word foresta that meant open wood. This term in Medieval Latin was specifically used to address the king’s royal hunting grounds.

Different Layers in a Forest

A forest is composed of different layers that play their part in holding the place together. These layers have been termed as the Forest Floor, Understory, Canopy and Emergent layer. Among these, the Emergent layer exists only in the tropical rain forests. Here is a closer look at each of these layers:

  • Forest Floor

This layer comprises of decomposing leaves, dead plants, twigs and trees and animal droppings. The decaying of these things forms new soil and also provides the required nutrients to the plants.

This layer is composed of shrubs, bushes and trees that are used to grow and live in canopy’s shade. It is known to be devoid of enough sunlight.

This is formed when a large number of branches, twigs and leaves of huge trees intertwine. These fully grown trees receive the maximum amount of sunlight and form a protective layer for the rest of the plants and trees in the forest. This is known to be the thickest layer. It restricts much of the rain from reaching the plants and trees it covers. Monkeys, frogs, sloths, snakes, lizards and different species of birds are known to live here.

  • Emergent Layer

This layer, that forms a part of the tropical rain forest, is composed of scattered tree branches and leaves that layer up above the canopy. The tallest of trees reach this place and form a part of this layer.

Forests are an essential part of the environment. However, unfortunately the human beings are cutting trees blindly to serve different purposes thereby disturbing the ecological balance. The need to save trees and forests must be taken more seriously.

Forest Essay – 4 (500 words)

A forest is a vast land that encompasses a large number of trees, vines, shrubs and other varieties of plants. Forests also consist of mosses, fungi and algae. These are home for a wide variety of birds, reptiles, microorganisms, insects and animals. Forests maintain biodiversity on earth and are thus important for maintaining a healthy environment on the planet.

Types of Forests

Forests around the world have been classified into different categories. Here is a look at the various types of forests that form a part of the earth’s ecological system:

  • Tropical Rainforests

These are extremely dense forests and majorly or entirely consist of evergreen trees that remain green all round the year. You can see lush greenery around however since these are covered with canopy and an emergent layer over the same, these are devoid of enough sunlight and are thus mostly dark and damp. They receive plenty of rainfall all round the year but still the temperature here is high as these are located near the equator. Numerous species of animals, birds and fishes breed here.

  • Sub-Tropical Forests

These forests are situated at the north and south of tropical forests. These forests mostly experience drought like situation. The trees and plants here are adapted to sustain the summer drought.

  • Deciduous Forests

These forests are mainly home for trees that lose their leaves each year. Deciduous forests mostly penetrate in regions that experience mild winters and warm yet moist summers. These can be found in different parts of the world including Europe, North America, New Zealand, Asia and Australia. Walnut, oak, maple, hickory and chestnut trees are mostly found here.

  • Temperate Forests

Temperate forests see the growth of deciduous and coniferous evergreen trees. Located in North Eastern Asia, Eastern North America and Western and Eastern Europe, these forests receive enough rainfall.

  • Montane Forests

These are known as the cloud forests. This is because these forests receive most of their downpour from the fog or mist that comes from the lowlands. These are mostly located in the tropical, sub tropical and temperate zones. These forests experience cold weather as well as intense sunlight. Conifers occupy large part of these forests.

  • Plantation Forests

These are basically large farms that grow cash crops such as coffee, tea, sugarcane, oil palms, cotton and oil seeds. Plantation forests produce about 40% of the industrial wood. These are particularly known for producing sustainable timber and fibre.

  • Mediterranean Forests

These forests are situated around the coasts of the Mediterranean, Chile, California and Western Australia. These have a mix of softwood and hardwood trees and almost all the trees here are evergreen.

  • Coniferous Forests

These forests are found near the poles, mainly the northern hemisphere, and experience a cold and windy climate all through the year. They experience the growth of hardwood and conifer trees. The growth of pines, firs, hemlocks and spruces is a common sight here. The conifer trees are evergreen and well adapted to the drought like condition here.

Forests are a beautiful creation of nature. Different parts of our planet encompass different types of forests that are home for various plants and animals and a means of livelihood for numerous people.

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Forest Essay – 5 (600 words)

A vast land covered with trees, plants and shrubs and mostly home for different species of wild animals is referred to as a forest. Forests are an essential part of the Earth’s ecological system. They help in maintaining the planet’s climate, purifies the atmosphere, protects the watersheds, are a natural habitat for the animals and a major source of wood that is used for the production of several products used in our day to day life.

India – Among the Countries with Largest Forest Cover

India is among the top ten forest-rich countries in the world with the others being Australia, Brazil, China, Canada, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Russian Federation, United States of America, Indonesia and Sudan. These countries along with India constitute around 67% of the total forest area in the world.

Arunachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra are among the states that have the largest forest cover in India.

Top Forests in India

India is known to encompass several lush green forests. Many of these have even been turned into tourists spots. People from far and wide visit these to experience the wilderness and enjoy the serenity they offer. Here is a look at some of the top forests in the country:

  • Sundarbans, West Bengal

The Sundarban forests located in West Bengal top the list when it comes to the most alluring forests in the country. These are home to the white tiger which is a variant of the royal Bengal tiger.

  • Gir Forest, Gujarat

Spread across an area of more than 1,412 sq km in Gujarat’s Junagadh district, the Gir forest is home for the Asiatic Lion.

  • Jim Corbett, Uttarakhand

Established in the year 1936, this place is a delight for the wildlife lovers. This is one such forest in the country that is known to attract the maximum number of tourists from around the world.

  • Ranthambore, Rajasthan

Ranthambore located near the town of Sawai Madhopur in the Indian state of Rajasthan is home to leopards, tigers and marsh crocodiles. It is also known for the Padam Talao Lake that grows abundance of water lilies.

  • Khasi Forests, Meghalaya

This place in northeast India is known for its lush greenery. The Khasi forests receive high amount of rainfall and remains green all round the year.

Forestry in India

Forestry in India is a major rural industry. It is a means of livelihood for a large number of people. India is known to produce a vast range of processed forest products. These do not just include those made from wood but also substantial amount of non-wood products. Its non-wood products include essential oils, medicinal herbs, resins, flavours, fragrances and aroma chemicals, gums, latex, handicrafts, incense sticks and thatching materials.

The Problem of Deforestation

Deforestation is the process of clearing trees from a large part of the forest for purposes such as farming and construction of buildings. Trees are never re-planted on such a land.

Statistics reveal that around half of the forests around the world have been destroyed ever since the evolution of the industrial age. The number is likely to increase in the times to come as industrialists are continually using the forest lands for personal gain. Large number of trees is also cut for producing various goods made from wood and other components of the trees.

Deforestation has a negative impact on the environment. Some of the problems it causes are soil erosion, disruption of the water cycle, climate change and loss of biodiversity.

Forests are a boon for the mankind. India especially has been blessed with some of the most beautiful forests that are home for many rarer species of birds and animals. The importance of forests must be recognized and the government must take measures to control the issue of deforestation.

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America’s Colleges Are Reaping What They Sowed

Universities spent years saying that activism is not just welcome but encouraged on their campuses. Students took them at their word.

Juxtaposition of Columbia 2024 and 1968 protests

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N ick Wilson, a sophomore at Cornell University, came to Ithaca, New York, to refine his skills as an activist. Attracted by both Cornell’s labor-relations school and the university’s history of campus radicalism, he wrote his application essay about his involvement with a Democratic Socialists of America campaign to pass the Protecting the Right to Organize Act . When he arrived on campus, he witnessed any number of signs that Cornell shared his commitment to not just activism but also militant protest, taking note of a plaque commemorating the armed occupation of Willard Straight Hall in 1969.

Cornell positively romanticizes that event: The university library has published a “ Willard Straight Hall Occupation Study Guide ,” and the office of the dean of students once co-sponsored a panel on the protest. The school has repeatedly screened a documentary about the occupation, Agents of Change . The school’s official newspaper, published by the university media-relations office, ran a series of articles honoring the 40th anniversary, in 2009, and in 2019, Cornell held a yearlong celebration for the 50th, complete with a commemorative walk, a dedication ceremony, and a public conversation with some of the occupiers. “ Occupation Anniversary Inspires Continued Progress ,” the Cornell Chronicle headline read.

As Wilson has discovered firsthand, however, the school’s hagiographical odes to prior protests have not prevented it from cracking down on pro-Palestine protests in the present. Now that he has been suspended for the very thing he told Cornell he came there to learn how to do—radical political organizing—he is left reflecting on the school’s hypocrisies. That the theme of this school year at Cornell is “Freedom of Expression” adds a layer of grim humor to the affair.

Evan Mandery: University of hypocrisy

University leaders are in a bind. “These protests are really dynamic situations that can change from minute to minute,” Stephen Solomon, who teaches First Amendment law and is the director of NYU’s First Amendment Watch—an organization devoted to free speech—told me. “But the obligation of universities is to make the distinction between speech protected by the First Amendment and speech that is not.” Some of the speech and tactics protesters are employing may not be protected under the First Amendment, while much of it plainly is. The challenge universities are confronting is not just the law but also their own rhetoric. Many universities at the center of the ongoing police crackdowns have long sought to portray themselves as bastions of activism and free thought. Cornell is one of many universities that champion their legacy of student activism when convenient, only to bring the hammer down on present-day activists when it’s not. The same colleges that appeal to students such as Wilson by promoting opportunities for engagement and activism are now suspending them. And they’re calling the cops.

The police activity we are seeing universities level against their own students does not just scuff the carefully cultivated progressive reputations of elite private universities such as Columbia, Emory University, and NYU, or the equally manicured free-speech bona fides of red-state public schools such as Indiana University and the University of Texas at Austin. It also exposes what these universities have become in the 21st century. Administrators have spent much of the recent past recruiting social-justice-minded students and faculty to their campuses under the implicit, and often explicit, promise that activism is not just welcome but encouraged. Now the leaders of those universities are shocked to find that their charges and employees believed them. And rather than try to understand their role in cultivating this morass, the Ivory Tower’s bigwigs have decided to apply their boot heels to the throats of those under their care.

I spoke with 30 students, professors, and administrators from eight schools—a mix of public and private institutions across the United States—to get a sense of the disconnect between these institutions’ marketing of activism and their treatment of protesters. A number of people asked to remain anonymous. Some were untenured faculty or administrators concerned about repercussions from, or for, their institutions. Others were directly involved in organizing protests and were wary of being harassed. Several incoming students I spoke with were worried about being punished by their school before they even arrived. Despite a variety of ideological commitments and often conflicting views on the protests, many of those I interviewed were “shocked but not surprised”—a phrase that came up time and again—by the hypocrisy exhibited by the universities with which they were affiliated. (I reached out to Columbia, NYU, Cornell, and Emory for comment on the disconnect between their championing of past protests and their crackdowns on the current protesters. Representatives from Columbia, Cornell, and Emory pointed me to previous public statements. NYU did not respond.)

The sense that Columbia trades on the legacy of the Vietnam protests that rocked campus in 1968 was widespread among the students I spoke with. Indeed, the university honors its activist past both directly and indirectly, through library archives , an online exhibit , an official “Columbia 1968” X account , no shortage of anniversary articles in Columbia Magazine , and a current course titled simply “Columbia 1968.” The university is sometimes referred to by alumni and aspirants as the “Protest Ivy.” One incoming student told me that he applied to the school in part because of an admissions page that prominently listed community organizers and activists among its “distinguished alumni.”

Joseph Slaughter, an English professor and the executive director of Columbia’s Institute for the Study of Human Rights, talked with his class about the 1968 protests after the recent arrests at the school. He said his students felt that the university had actively marketed its history to them. “Many, many, many of them said they were sold the story of 1968 as part of coming to Columbia,” he told me. “They talked about it as what the university presents to them as the long history and tradition of student activism. They described it as part of the brand.”

This message reaches students before they take their first college class. As pro-Palestine demonstrations began to raise tensions on campus last month, administrators were keen to cast these protests as part of Columbia’s proud culture of student activism. The aforementioned high-school senior who had been impressed by Columbia’s activist alumni attended the university’s admitted-students weekend just days before the April 18 NYPD roundup. During the event, the student said, an admissions official warned attendees that they may experience “disruptions” during their visit, but boasted that these were simply part of the school’s “long and robust history of student protest.”

Remarkably, after more than 100 students were arrested on the order of Columbia President Minouche Shafik—in which she overruled a unanimous vote by the university senate’s executive committee not to bring the NYPD to campus —university administrators were still pushing this message to new students and parents. An email sent on April 19 informed incoming students that “demonstration, political activism, and deep respect for freedom of expression have long been part of the fabric of our campus.” Another email sent on April 20 again promoted Columbia’s tradition of activism, protest, and support of free speech. “This can sometimes create moments of tension,” the email read, “but the rich dialogue and debate that accompany this tradition is central to our educational experience.”

Evelyn Douek and Genevieve Lakier: The hypocrisy underlying the campus-speech controversy

Another student who attended a different event for admitted students, this one on April 21, said that every administrator she heard speak paid lip service to the school’s long history of protest. Her own feelings about the pro-Palestine protests were mixed—she said she believes that a genocide is happening in Gaza and also that some elements of the protest are plainly anti-Semitic—but her feelings about Columbia’s decision to involve the police were unambiguous. “It’s reprehensible but exactly what an Ivy League institution would do in this situation. I don’t know why everyone is shocked,” she said, adding: “It makes me terrified to go there.”

Beth Massey, a veteran activist who participated in the 1968 protests, told me with a laugh, “They might want to tell us they’re progressive, but they’re doing the business of the ruling class.” She was not surprised by the harsh response to the current student encampment or by the fact that it lit the fuse on a nationwide protest movement. Massey had been drawn to the radical reputation of Columbia’s sister school, Barnard College, as an open-minded teenager from the segregated South: “I actually wanted to go to Barnard because they had a history of progressive struggle that had happened going all the way back into the ’40s.” And the barn-burning history that appealed to Massey in the late 1960s has continued to attract contemporary students, albeit with one key difference: Today, that radical history has become part of the way that Barnard and Columbia sell their $60,000-plus annual tuition.

Of course, Columbia is not alone. The same trends have also prevailed at NYU, which likes to crow about its own radical history and promises contemporary students “ a world of activism opportunities .” An article published on the university’s website in March—titled “Make a Difference Through Activism at NYU”—promises students “myriad chances to put your activism into action.” The article points to campus institutions that “provide students with resources and opportunities to spark activism and change both on campus and beyond.” The six years I spent as a graduate student at NYU gave me plenty of reasons to be cynical about the university and taught me to view all of this empty activism prattle as white noise. But even I was astounded to see a video of students and faculty set upon by the NYPD, arrested at the behest of President Linda Mills.

“Across the board, there is a heightened awareness of hypocrisy,” Mohamad Bazzi, a journalism professor at NYU, told me, noting that faculty were acutely conscious of the gap between the institution’s intensive commitment to DEI and the police crackdown. The university has recently made several “cluster hires”—centered on activism-oriented themes such as anti-racism, social justice, and indigeneity—that helped diversify the faculty. Some of those recent hires were among the people who spent a night zip-tied in a jail cell, arrested for the exact kind of activism that had made them attractive to NYU in the first place. And it wasn’t just faculty. The law students I spoke with were especially acerbic. After honing her activism skills at her undergraduate institution—another university that recently saw a violent police response to pro-Palestine protests—one law student said she came to NYU because she was drawn to its progressive reputation and its high percentage of prison-abolitionist faculty. This irony was not lost on her as the police descended on the encampment.

After Columbia students were arrested on April 18, students at NYU’s Gallatin School of Individualized Study decided to cancel a planned art festival and instead use the time to make sandwiches as jail support for their detained uptown peers. The school took photos of the students layering cold cuts on bread and posted it to Gallatin’s official Instagram. These posts not only failed to mention that the students were working in support of the pro-Palestine protesters; the caption—“making sandwiches for those in need”—implied that the undergrads might be preparing meals for, say, the homeless.

The contradictions on display at Cornell, Columbia, and NYU are not limited to the state of New York. The police response at Emory, another university that brags about its tradition of student protest, was among the most disturbing I have seen. Faculty members I spoke with at the Atlanta school, including two who had been arrested—the philosophy professor Noëlle McAfee and the English and Indigenous-studies professor Emil’ Keme—recounted harrowing scenes: a student being knocked down, an elderly woman struggling to breathe after tear-gas exposure, a colleague with welts from rubber bullets. These images sharply contrast with the university’s progressive mythmaking, a process that was in place even before 2020’s “summer of racial reckoning” sent universities scrambling to shore up their activist credentials.

In 2018, Emory’s Campus Life office partnered with students and a design studio to begin work on an exhibit celebrating the university’s history of identity-based activism. Then, not long after George Floyd’s murder, the university’s library released a series of blog posts focusing on topics including “Black Student Activism at Emory,” “Protests and Movements,” “Voting Rights and Public Policy,” and “Authors and Artists as Activists.” That same year, the university announced its new Arts and Social Justice Fellows initiative, a program that “brings Atlanta artists into Emory classrooms to help students translate their learning into creative activism in the name of social justice.” In 2021, the university put on an exhibit celebrating its 1969 protests , in which “Black students marched, demonstrated, picketed, and ‘rapped’ on those institutions affecting the lives of workers and students at Emory.” Like Cornell’s and Columbia’s, Emory’s protests seem to age like fine wine: It takes half a century before the institution begins enjoying them.

N early every person I talked with believed that their universities’ responses were driven by donors, alumni, politicians, or some combination thereof. They did not believe that they were grounded in serious or reasonable concerns about the physical safety of students; in fact, most felt strongly that introducing police into the equation had made things far more dangerous for both pro-Palestine protesters and pro-Israel counterprotesters. Jeremi Suri, a historian at UT Austin—who told me he is not politically aligned with the protesters—recalls pleading with both the dean of students and the mounted state troopers to call off the charge. “It was like the Russian army had come onto campus,” Suri mused. “I was out there for 45 minutes to an hour. I’m very sensitive to anti-Semitism. Nothing anti-Semitic was said.” He added: “There was no reason not to let them shout until their voices went out.”

From the May 1930 issue: Hypocrisy–a defense

As one experienced senior administrator at a major research university told me, the conflagration we are witnessing shows how little many university presidents understand either their campus communities or the young people who populate them. “When I saw what Columbia was doing, my immediate thought was: They have not thought about day two ,” he said, laughing. “If you confront an 18-year-old activist, they don’t back down. They double down.” That’s what happened in 1968, and it’s happening again now. Early Tuesday morning, Columbia students occupied Hamilton Hall—the site of the 1968 occupation, which they rechristened Hind’s Hall in honor of a 6-year-old Palestinian girl killed in Gaza—in response to the university’s draconian handling of the protests. They explicitly tied these events to the university’s past, calling out its hypocrisy on Instagram: “This escalation is in line with the historical student movements of 1968 … which Columbia repressed then and celebrates today.” The university, for its part, responded now as it did then: Late on Tuesday, the NYPD swarmed the campus in an overnight raid that led to the arrest of dozens of students.

The students, professors, and administrators I’ve spoken with in recent days have made clear that this hypocrisy has not gone unnoticed and that the crackdown isn’t working, but making things worse. The campus resistance has expanded to include faculty and students who were originally more ambivalent about the protests and, in a number of cases, who support Israel. They are disturbed by what they rightly see as violations of free expression, the erosion of faculty governance, and the overreach of administrators. Above all, they’re fed up with the incandescent hypocrisy of institutions, hoisted with their own progressive petards, as the unstoppable force of years’ worth of self-righteous rhetoric and pseudo-radical posturing meets the immovable object of students who took them at their word.

In another video published by The Cornell Daily Sun , recorded only hours after he was suspended, Nick Wilson explained to a crowd of student protesters what had brought him to the school. “In high school, I discovered my passion, which was community organizing for a better world. I told Cornell University that’s why I wanted to be here,” he said, referencing his college essay. Then he paused for emphasis, looking around as his peers began to cheer. “And those fuckers admitted me.”

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Guest Essay

Elite Colleges Walked Into the Israel Divestment Trap

A black and white photograph of a crowd of students, most attired in caps and gowns. Many are holding up their caps, which have  signs reading “Divest now!” pasted on them.

By Gary Sernovitz

Mr. Sernovitz is a managing director of Lime Rock Management, a private equity firm that invests in oil and gas and clean energy companies and whose investors include colleges and universities.

“ Disclose, divest, we will not stop, we will not rest ” is a frequent chant ringing through pro-Palestinian college protests. Of all the actions one could advocate in the war between Israel and Hamas, protesters at Columbia listed, as their first demand, that it divest from companies and institutions that, in their view, “profit from Israeli apartheid.”

Israeli companies aren’t the only target. A proposal Columbia students put forward in December calls for divestment from Microsoft, Airbnb, Amazon and Alphabet, among others. Microsoft is tagged for supplying cloud software services to Israel; Airbnb is targeted for posting rentals in Israeli settlements in the West Bank, listings the platform said it would remove in 2018 . The company reversed this policy months later to settle lawsuits.

Administrators at some universities, including Brown and Northwestern , have agreed to talks with students about divestment as part of agreements to end campus encampments. Other schools have said point blank that they will not accede. The University of Michigan Regents, for one, in March reaffirmed “its longstanding policy to shield the endowment from political pressures and base investment decisions on financial factors such as risk and return.”

“Longstanding” is a debatable term, as it was only three years ago that the regents decided the endowment should stop investing in funds focused on certain fossil fuels (which affected the firm I work at). Before the war in Gaza, it had been pretty easy for universities to make compromises around divestment demands, but those expedient choices are haunting them now. Every investment in elite schools’ endowments is up for debate.

College endowment managers no doubt feel beleaguered that pressing moral questions regularly end up on their desks. For that desk is already covered with spreadsheets on another question: how to generate returns for universities that are nonprofits, unfathomably expensive, and desperate to not be just finishing schools for the rich. Last fiscal year, endowments over $5 billion provided 17.7 percent of their university’s budgets . This school year, Williams College charged $81,200 in tuition and fees . But spending per student was $135,600. The endowment helps make up the difference.

Yet activists view endowments with a sense of ownership. They are part of a community that owns this money. They also go after endowments because they lack better targets. It says something about the authority of ideas in our age that students lobby institutions dedicated to the advancement and propagation of knowledge mainly over what they do with their excess cash.

The mother to all divestment movements was the one that aimed at apartheid in South Africa in the 1970s and ’80s. (In 1981, Barack Obama g ave his first public speech at a divestment rally at Occidental College.) It largely worked: Over 100 colleges in the U.S. eventually agreed to at least partly divest from companies that did business in the country. Years later, many believe divestment played some role in ending apartheid in South Africa.

From 2020 to 2022, as evidence of climate change grew increasingly unavoidable, student demands for divestment from fossil fuels claimed more victories, especially at the Ivy League and other colleges with large endowments — and not coincidentally large groups of activist students telling them what to do with them. Schools’ exposure to oil and gas investments was often less than 5 percent of their endowment, so finding a way to wind down investing, in some form, in the sector was easy to do.

Every divesting institution found its own path, some more logically consistent and sincere than others. I watched some of this unfold firsthand as some schools stopped investing in our oil and gas funds while others invested in our clean energy funds. But almost all the schools succeeded in minimizing real disruption to the endowment and inducing student activists to move on.

Unlike the effects of the South Africa movement, the early impact of oil and gas divestment by colleges and others has been negligible, or even counterproductive: Oil and gas companies have needed little external financial capital , and hostility to the divestment movement has led Republican-led states such as Florida to restrict E.S.G. investing , which focuses on environmental, social and governance factors. (Note that Florida’s State Board of Administration manages almost exactly the same amount of money as the 10 largest private college endowments combined.)

What the fossil fuel divestiture did establish, however, was that university leaders can be made to concede that their endowments will, in certain circumstances, be guided by the school’s collective values, and that current students can shape those values. And by getting endowments to not invest in the sector in some way , the protesters hardened an abstract moral judgment: that the oil and gas business, and the faceless bureaucrats who work for it, are wrong . Divestment champions hope the symbolic removal of an industry’s “social license” can take on its own power, emboldening government policymakers to regulate that industry or dissuading students from seeking jobs in it.

Now the reason for divestment is Israel rather than oil. For many students it’s part of the same conversation , as I saw in a scrawled word salad sign on display at Tulane’s pro-Palestinian encampment: “From the Gulf to the sea, no genocide for oil greed.”

University leaders could follow the same playbook as they did on fossil fuels and find ways to symbolically divest without disrupting their endowments in any notable way. Based on the size of G.D.P., not investing is Israel directly would be like not investing in Colorado. And despite the chants that charge otherwise, many endowments appear to have little to no direct exposure to Israel or to many of the American companies protesters want to blacklist.

But there’s a key difference between avoiding fossil fuels and shunning Israel. The institutions that divested from oil and gas made sure to describe it as financially prudent, albeit sometimes with shallow investment logic. This time, Israel’s social license is the only thing that is on the table. And if Israel is on the table, what other countries should lose their social license? How many years must pass since what some believe to be a country’s settler colonialist period or messy wars that kill innocent civilians to make it investable?

And if divestment against Israel is carried out, when should it end? Oil and gas divesting is meant never to end; oil and gas consumption is meant to end. Divestment from South Africa ended with apartheid. So university leaders will be forced to ask an often heterogeneous group of students what would earn Israel its social license back. A cease-fire? A new Israeli government? A two-state solution? The end of Israel as a Jewish state?

The effort to identify every investment with ties to Israel is also fraught. Columbia activists could find information only on pocket-change-size ownership of certain companies, such as $69,000 of Microsoft stock. So protesters are also demanding that colleges disclose all their investments, presumably so students can research the morality of each one. However, some firms that manage parts of an endowment’s money, particularly hedge funds, don’t report individual holdings to investors: asking them for it is like asking for the secret recipe for Coke.

But even if an endowment could provide a list of every underlying investment, it would likely then be inundated for more calls to divest, for more discovered connections — however small — to Israel, and for reasons related to other offenses discoverable with an online search. Why would there not be a Taiwanese student group demanding divestment from China, to dissuade an invasion? Other students demanding divestment from Big Tech, citing students’ mental health? Others demanding divestment from all of it, the hedge funds and private equity funds whose asset managers are not exactly healing American income inequality?

The answer, of course, is that endowments can’t be in the moral adjudication business — and they should never have headed this way. This does not mean that investing should be a returns-at-any-cost exercise. But it does mean that the real world does not always provide objective answers to how to balance benefits and consequences of companies providing products and services: Carbon emissions are bad, but energy consumption is necessary. Microsoft software for the Israeli government may displease you, but Microsoft saying it won’t sell software to Israel would displease others — and probably get itself banned from working with New York State agencies .

Listen to the protesters on divestment. They will not stop. They will not rest.

But neither will the markets. They open every morning, Monday through Friday, and university budgets’ demands on endowments never go away. Tuitions are rising . Costs always go up . Colleges should debate deep moral issues and discuss the hard compromises to solve the world’s ills. But we should move those efforts to the lecture halls, away from the investment offices. Divesting is an easy chant. Investing is hard enough as it is.

Gary Sernovitz is a managing director of Lime Rock Management, a private equity firm that invests in oil and gas and clean energy companies and whose investors include colleges and universities. He is also the author of “The Counting House,” a novel about the travails of a university chief investment officer.

The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips . And here’s our email: [email protected] .

Follow the New York Times Opinion section on Facebook , Instagram , TikTok , WhatsApp , X and Threads .

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