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Essay and report writing skills
Course description
Course content, course reviews.
Writing reports and assignments can be a daunting prospect. Learn how to interpret questions and how to plan, structure and write your assignment or report. This free course, Essay and report writing skills, is designed to help you develop the skills you need to write effectively for academic purposes.
Course learning outcomes
After studying this course, you should be able to:
- understand what writing an assignment involves
- identify strengths and weaknesses
- understand the functions of essays and reports
- demonstrate writing skills.
First Published: 10/08/2012
Updated: 26/04/2019
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Essay and dissertation writing skills
Planning your essay
Writing your introduction
Structuring your essay
- Writing essays in science subjects
- Brief video guides to support essay planning and writing
- Writing extended essays and dissertations
- Planning your dissertation writing time
Structuring your dissertation
- Top tips for writing longer pieces of work
Advice on planning and writing essays and dissertations
University essays differ from school essays in that they are less concerned with what you know and more concerned with how you construct an argument to answer the question. This means that the starting point for writing a strong essay is to first unpick the question and to then use this to plan your essay before you start putting pen to paper (or finger to keyboard).
A really good starting point for you are these short, downloadable Tips for Successful Essay Writing and Answering the Question resources. Both resources will help you to plan your essay, as well as giving you guidance on how to distinguish between different sorts of essay questions.
You may find it helpful to watch this seven-minute video on six tips for essay writing which outlines how to interpret essay questions, as well as giving advice on planning and structuring your writing:
Different disciplines will have different expectations for essay structure and you should always refer to your Faculty or Department student handbook or course Canvas site for more specific guidance.
However, broadly speaking, all essays share the following features:
Essays need an introduction to establish and focus the parameters of the discussion that will follow. You may find it helpful to divide the introduction into areas to demonstrate your breadth and engagement with the essay question. You might define specific terms in the introduction to show your engagement with the essay question; for example, ‘This is a large topic which has been variously discussed by many scientists and commentators. The principal tension is between the views of X and Y who define the main issues as…’ Breadth might be demonstrated by showing the range of viewpoints from which the essay question could be considered; for example, ‘A variety of factors including economic, social and political, influence A and B. This essay will focus on the social and economic aspects, with particular emphasis on…..’
Watch this two-minute video to learn more about how to plan and structure an introduction:
The main body of the essay should elaborate on the issues raised in the introduction and develop an argument(s) that answers the question. It should consist of a number of self-contained paragraphs each of which makes a specific point and provides some form of evidence to support the argument being made. Remember that a clear argument requires that each paragraph explicitly relates back to the essay question or the developing argument.
- Conclusion: An essay should end with a conclusion that reiterates the argument in light of the evidence you have provided; you shouldn’t use the conclusion to introduce new information.
- References: You need to include references to the materials you’ve used to write your essay. These might be in the form of footnotes, in-text citations, or a bibliography at the end. Different systems exist for citing references and different disciplines will use various approaches to citation. Ask your tutor which method(s) you should be using for your essay and also consult your Department or Faculty webpages for specific guidance in your discipline.
Essay writing in science subjects
If you are writing an essay for a science subject you may need to consider additional areas, such as how to present data or diagrams. This five-minute video gives you some advice on how to approach your reading list, planning which information to include in your answer and how to write for your scientific audience – the video is available here:
A PDF providing further guidance on writing science essays for tutorials is available to download.
Short videos to support your essay writing skills
There are many other resources at Oxford that can help support your essay writing skills and if you are short on time, the Oxford Study Skills Centre has produced a number of short (2-minute) videos covering different aspects of essay writing, including:
- Approaching different types of essay questions
- Structuring your essay
- Writing an introduction
- Making use of evidence in your essay writing
- Writing your conclusion
Extended essays and dissertations
Longer pieces of writing like extended essays and dissertations may seem like quite a challenge from your regular essay writing. The important point is to start with a plan and to focus on what the question is asking. A PDF providing further guidance on planning Humanities and Social Science dissertations is available to download.
Planning your time effectively
Try not to leave the writing until close to your deadline, instead start as soon as you have some ideas to put down onto paper. Your early drafts may never end up in the final work, but the work of committing your ideas to paper helps to formulate not only your ideas, but the method of structuring your writing to read well and conclude firmly.
Although many students and tutors will say that the introduction is often written last, it is a good idea to begin to think about what will go into it early on. For example, the first draft of your introduction should set out your argument, the information you have, and your methods, and it should give a structure to the chapters and sections you will write. Your introduction will probably change as time goes on but it will stand as a guide to your entire extended essay or dissertation and it will help you to keep focused.
The structure of extended essays or dissertations will vary depending on the question and discipline, but may include some or all of the following:
- The background information to - and context for - your research. This often takes the form of a literature review.
- Explanation of the focus of your work.
- Explanation of the value of this work to scholarship on the topic.
- List of the aims and objectives of the work and also the issues which will not be covered because they are outside its scope.
The main body of your extended essay or dissertation will probably include your methodology, the results of research, and your argument(s) based on your findings.
The conclusion is to summarise the value your research has added to the topic, and any further lines of research you would undertake given more time or resources.
Tips on writing longer pieces of work
Approaching each chapter of a dissertation as a shorter essay can make the task of writing a dissertation seem less overwhelming. Each chapter will have an introduction, a main body where the argument is developed and substantiated with evidence, and a conclusion to tie things together. Unlike in a regular essay, chapter conclusions may also introduce the chapter that will follow, indicating how the chapters are connected to one another and how the argument will develop through your dissertation.
For further guidance, watch this two-minute video on writing longer pieces of work .
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Happy Memorial Day! Please note that AoPS Academy Virtual Campus is closed May 25-27th.
In this engaging and rigorous summer course, students study the how and why of academic essay writing.
Live instructors guide students (ages 14–16) as they plan, draft, and revise academic essays, and learn why such essays matter.
This course is recommended for students entering Grade 8, 9, or 10. We recommend that students enroll in Language Arts courses at grade level.
Academic Essay Writing offers an intensive study of the how and why of academic writing. Students learn how to plan, draft, and revise an academic essay — as well as why such essays matter.
Featuring the popular college writing textbook, They Say / I Say: The Moves That Matter in Academic Writing , the course approaches “the essay” as part of a larger conversation being held among scholars. The tools students gain in this course will help them enter into that conversation and maintain it through their academic careers.
Students must purchase the required book(s) before the start of the course.
Our instructors hold classes virtually, in a small-sized (10-16 students) videoconferencing classroom. With a small class size, teachers can give individualized attention to each student, providing real-time verbal and written feedback and supporting students' growth as writers.
Our Language Arts summer courses do not include homework. Students receive frequent feedback on their writing and present their work throughout the course.
If you drop a summer course before the start of your first class session, we'll issue a full refund for the course tuition. No refunds will be issued for withdrawing from a summer course after the start of your first class session. We do not accept Language Arts book returns, since they are purchased from a third party.
Our summer course offerings meet five days a week, Monday through Friday. We offer this course in two timing formats. Both cover the same course material.
- The two-week course meets for 3 hours each day.
- The four-week course meets for 1.5 hours each day.
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Going back to university or college and need a refresher on how to tackle an essay or start an assignment? Be inspired to write at the college where Andrea Levy, Malorie Blackman, Anna Burns, and other celebrated authors studied.
Our academic writing courses take place at a variety of times and days, and are the perfect way to get a head-start or brush up your skills. All our writing courses are taught by practicing writers.
Our tutors are published authors and experts in their field. Learn about their recent accomplishments.
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At City Lit, you can choose to study in-person or online. Our fantastic in-person courses are taught in our attractive campus, located in the heart of Covent Garden, central London. Here, our students can benefit from a variety of services and resources, including our café and state-of-the art equipment.
Our online courses are tailored to give you a social and interactive online learning experience, allowing you freedom to study from anywhere and with like-minded fellow classmates from all over the country without the need to travel. Use the Location filters on this page to choose your preferred learning method. See our guide to online learning for more information about accessing our live online courses.
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Academic Essay Writing Made Simple: 4 types and tips
The pen is mightier than the sword, they say, and nowhere is this more evident than in academia. From the quick scribbles of eager students to the inquisitive thoughts of renowned scholars, academic essays depict the power of the written word. These well-crafted writings propel ideas forward and expand the existing boundaries of human intellect.
What is an Academic Essay
An academic essay is a nonfictional piece of writing that analyzes and evaluates an argument around a specific topic or research question. It serves as a medium to share the author’s views and is also used by institutions to assess the critical thinking, research skills, and writing abilities of a students and researchers.
Importance of Academic Essays
4 main types of academic essays.
While academic essays may vary in length, style, and purpose, they generally fall into four main categories. Despite their differences, these essay types share a common goal: to convey information, insights, and perspectives effectively.
1. Expository Essay
2. Descriptive Essay
3. Narrative Essay
4. Argumentative Essay
Expository and persuasive essays mainly deal with facts to explain ideas clearly. Narrative and descriptive essays are informal and have a creative edge. Despite their differences, these essay types share a common goal ― to convey information, insights, and perspectives effectively.
Expository Essays: Illuminating ideas
An expository essay is a type of academic writing that explains, illustrates, or clarifies a particular subject or idea. Its primary purpose is to inform the reader by presenting a comprehensive and objective analysis of a topic.
By breaking down complex topics into digestible pieces and providing relevant examples and explanations, expository essays allow writers to share their knowledge.
What are the Key Features of an Expository Essay
Provides factual information without bias
Presents multiple viewpoints while maintaining objectivity
Uses direct and concise language to ensure clarity for the reader
Composed of a logical structure with an introduction, body paragraphs and a conclusion
When is an expository essay written.
1. For academic assignments to evaluate the understanding of research skills.
2. As instructional content to provide step-by-step guidance for tasks or problem-solving.
3. In journalism for objective reporting in news or investigative pieces.
4. As a form of communication in the professional field to convey factual information in business or healthcare.
How to Write an Expository Essay
Expository essays are typically structured in a logical and organized manner.
1. Topic Selection and Research
- Choose a topic that can be explored objectively
- Gather relevant facts and information from credible sources
- Develop a clear thesis statement
2. Outline and Structure
- Create an outline with an introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion
- Introduce the topic and state the thesis in the introduction
- Dedicate each body paragraph to a specific point supporting the thesis
- Use transitions to maintain a logical flow
3. Objective and Informative Writing
- Maintain an impartial and informative tone
- Avoid personal opinions or biases
- Support points with factual evidence, examples, and explanations
4. Conclusion
- Summarize the key points
- Reinforce the significance of the thesis
Descriptive Essays: Painting with words
Descriptive essays transport readers into vivid scenes, allowing them to experience the world through the writer ‘s lens. These essays use rich sensory details, metaphors, and figurative language to create a vivid and immersive experience . Its primary purpose is to engage readers’ senses and imagination.
It allows writers to demonstrate their ability to observe and describe subjects with precision and creativity.
What are the Key Features of Descriptive Essay
Employs figurative language and imagery to paint a vivid picture for the reader
Demonstrates creativity and expressiveness in narration
Includes close attention to detail, engaging the reader’s senses
Engages the reader’s imagination and emotions through immersive storytelling using analogies, metaphors, similes, etc.
When is a descriptive essay written.
1. Personal narratives or memoirs that describe significant events, people, or places.
2. Travel writing to capture the essence of a destination or experience.
3. Character sketches in fiction writing to introduce and describe characters.
4. Poetry or literary analyses to explore the use of descriptive language and imagery.
How to Write a Descriptive Essay
The descriptive essay lacks a defined structural requirement but typically includes: an introduction introducing the subject, a thorough description, and a concluding summary with insightful reflection.
1. Subject Selection and Observation
- Choose a subject (person, place, object, or experience) to describe
- Gather sensory details and observations
2. Engaging Introduction
- Set the scene and provide the context
- Use of descriptive language and figurative techniques
3. Descriptive Body Paragraphs
- Focus on specific aspects or details of the subject
- Engage the reader ’s senses with vivid imagery and descriptions
- Maintain a consistent tone and viewpoint
4. Impactful Conclusion
- Provide a final impression or insight
- Leave a lasting impact on the reader
Narrative Essays: Storytelling in Action
Narrative essays are personal accounts that tell a story, often drawing from the writer’s own experiences or observations. These essays rely on a well-structured plot, character development, and vivid descriptions to engage readers and convey a deeper meaning or lesson.
What are the Key features of Narrative Essays
Written from a first-person perspective and hence subjective
Based on real personal experiences
Uses an informal and expressive tone
Presents events and characters in sequential order
When is a narrative essay written.
It is commonly assigned in high school and college writing courses to assess a student’s ability to convey a meaningful message or lesson through a personal narrative. They are written in situations where a personal experience or story needs to be recounted, such as:
1. Reflective essays on significant life events or personal growth.
2. Autobiographical writing to share one’s life story or experiences.
3. Creative writing exercises to practice narrative techniques and character development.
4. College application essays to showcase personal qualities and experiences.
How to Write a Narrative Essay
Narrative essays typically follow a chronological structure, with an introduction that sets the scene, a body that develops the plot and characters, and a conclusion that provides a sense of resolution or lesson learned.
1. Experience Selection and Reflection
- Choose a significant personal experience or event
- Reflect on the impact and deeper meaning
2. Immersive Introduction
- Introduce characters and establish the tone and point of view
3. Plotline and Character Development
- Advance the plot and character development through body paragraphs
- Incorporate dialog , conflict, and resolution
- Maintain a logical and chronological flow
4. Insightful Conclusion
- Reflect on lessons learned or insights gained
- Leave the reader with a lasting impression
Argumentative Essays: Persuasion and Critical Thinking
Argumentative essays are the quintessential form of academic writing in which writers present a clear thesis and support it with well-researched evidence and logical reasoning. These essays require a deep understanding of the topic, critical analysis of multiple perspectives, and the ability to construct a compelling argument.
What are the Key Features of an Argumentative Essay?
Logical and well-structured arguments
Credible and relevant evidence from reputable sources
Consideration and refutation of counterarguments
Critical analysis and evaluation of the issue
When is an argumentative essay written.
Argumentative essays are written to present a clear argument or stance on a particular issue or topic. In academic settings they are used to develop critical thinking, research, and persuasive writing skills. However, argumentative essays can also be written in various other contexts, such as:
1. Opinion pieces or editorials in newspapers, magazines, or online publications.
2. Policy proposals or position papers in government, nonprofit, or advocacy settings.
3. Persuasive speeches or debates in academic, professional, or competitive environments.
4. Marketing or advertising materials to promote a product, service, or idea.
How to write an Argumentative Essay
Argumentative essays begin with an introduction that states the thesis and provides context. The body paragraphs develop the argument with evidence, address counterarguments, and use logical reasoning. The conclusion restates the main argument and makes a final persuasive appeal.
- Choose a debatable and controversial issue
- Conduct thorough research and gather evidence and counterarguments
2. Thesis and Introduction
- Craft a clear and concise thesis statement
- Provide background information and establish importance
3. Structured Body Paragraphs
- Focus each paragraph on a specific aspect of the argument
- Support with logical reasoning, factual evidence, and refutation
4. Persuasive Techniques
- Adopt a formal and objective tone
- Use persuasive techniques (rhetorical questions, analogies, appeals)
5. Impactful Conclusion
- Summarize the main points
- Leave the reader with a strong final impression and call to action
To learn more about argumentative essay, check out this article .
5 Quick Tips for Researchers to Improve Academic Essay Writing Skills
Use clear and concise language to convey ideas effectively without unnecessary words
Use well-researched, credible sources to substantiate your arguments with data, expert opinions, and scholarly references
Ensure a coherent structure with effective transitions, clear topic sentences, and a logical flow to enhance readability
To elevate your academic essay, consider submitting your draft to a community-based platform like Open Platform for editorial review
Review your work multiple times for clarity, coherence, and adherence to academic guidelines to ensure a polished final product
By mastering the art of academic essay writing, researchers and scholars can effectively communicate their ideas, contribute to the advancement of knowledge, and engage in meaningful scholarly discourse.
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IELTS Exam Preparation: Free IELTS Tips, 2024
Take ielts test in or nearby balakovo.
There is no IELTS test center listed for Balakovo but you may be able to take your test in an alternative test center nearby. Please choose an appropriate test center that is closer to you or is most suitable for your test depending upon location or availability of test.
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An Overview of the IELTS
The International English Language Testing System (IELTS) is designed to measure English proficiency for educational, vocational and immigration purposes. The IELTS measures an individual's ability to communicate in English across four areas of language: listening , reading , writing and speaking . The IELTS is administered jointly by the British Council, IDP: IELTS Australia and Cambridge English Language Assessment at over 1,100 test centres and 140 countries. These test centres supervise the local administration of the test and recruit, train and monitor IELTS examiners.
IELTS tests are available on 48 fixed dates each year, usually Saturdays and sometimes Thursdays, and may be offered up to four times a month at any test centre, including Balakovo depending on local needs. Go to IELTS test locations to find a test centre in or nearby Balakovo and to check for upcoming test dates at your test centre.
Test results are available online 13 days after your test date. You can either receive your Test Report Form by post or collect it from the Test Centre. You will normally only receive one copy of the Test Report Form, though you may ask for a second copy if you are applying to the UK or Canada for immigration purposes - be sure to specify this when you register for IELTS. You may ask for up to 5 copies of your Test Report Form to be sent directly to other organisations, such as universities.
There are no restrictions on re-sitting the IELTS. However, you would need to allow sufficient time to complete the registration procedures again and find a suitable test date.
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Academic writing is a formal, highly-detailed writing style used to write precise, research-laden scholarly works. These works can be as varied as a literary analysis, which examines a literary work from all angles to make a specific argument about it, to a dissertation, which is a formal document submitted at the end of a student's journey to a PhD degree.
Best online courses in Academic Writing from MIT, UC Irvine, UC Berkeley, Columbia University and other top universities around the world. BloomTech's Downfall: A Long Time Coming ... By introducing you to three types of academic essays, this course will especially help prepare you for work in college classes, but anyone who wants to improve ...
Course 2: Getting Started with Essay Writing This is the second course in the Academic ... Enroll for free. Course 3: Advanced Writing. - Offered by University of California, Irvine. Course 3: Advanced Writing This is the third course in the Academic English: Writing ... Enroll for free. Course 4: Introduction to Research for Essay Writing.
·Participate in an active writing forum community ·Benefit from unlimited reviews of your preliminary writing (i.e. thesis statements, outlines, research topics, etc.) ·Interact through a 60 minute, one-on-one office hour ·Receive a detailed review of one larger writing project (i.e. a term paper, application essay, exam, etc.) Content and ...
Browse online writing classes to build your communication skills. Choose from essay writing to creative writing and business writing classes.
Understand the organization of essay paragraphs. Develop detailed, specific, and appropriate body paragraph content. Revise to ensure your writing is thorough, specific, detailed, and effective. Edit for spelling and grammatical mistakes using helpful rules and tips. find the essay writing success you deserve. Write successful essays by learning:
Essay Writing Course via YouTube. Essay Writing via YouTube. Introduction to Research for Essay Writing University of California, Irvine via Coursera This is the last course in the Academic Writing specialization before the capstone project. By the end of this course, you will be able to complete all the steps in planning a research paper.
Course description. Writing reports and assignments can be a daunting prospect. Learn how to interpret questions and how to plan, structure and write your assignment or report. This free course, Essay and report writing skills, is designed to help you develop the skills you need to write effectively for academic purposes.
This course is not a comprehensive guide to academic writing, but a focused and practical introduction to the essentials of essay writing. What is Academic Writing? Academic writing is a type of writing that is used for academic purposes such as essays. Academic writing follows certain rules and conventions.
A PDF providing further guidance on writing science essays for tutorials is available to download.. Short videos to support your essay writing skills. There are many other resources at Oxford that can help support your essay writing skills and if you are short on time, the Oxford Study Skills Centre has produced a number of short (2-minute) videos covering different aspects of essay writing ...
Curriculum. Academic Essay Writing offers an intensive study of the how and why of academic writing. Students learn how to plan, draft, and revise an academic essay — as well as why such essays matter. Featuring the popular college writing textbook, They Say / I Say: The Moves That Matter in Academic Writing, the course approaches "the ...
Full fee £69.00 Senior fee £69.00 Concession £35.00. View all available dates. Writing an academic essay. Evening. Course start date: Wed 2 Oct 2024 (and 3 other dates) Location on this date: Online. A crash course in essay writing - beginnings, middles and ends. Suitable for students on A-level and access courses or undergraduates.
of the Academic Essay Gordon Harvey's "Elements of the Academic Essay" provide a possible vocabulary for commenting on student writing. Instructors in Harvard College Writing Program tend to use some version of this vocabulary when talking about and commenting on student writing, so it's likely
Narrative Essay. 4. Argumentative Essay. Expository and persuasive essays mainly deal with facts to explain ideas clearly. Narrative and descriptive essays are informal and have a creative edge. Despite their differences, these essay types share a common goal ― to convey information, insights, and perspectives effectively.
Essay Writing: Help & Tutorial. Boost your essay writing skills with this 11-hour course, featuring engaging video lessons, text tutorials, and self-assessment quizzes covering essay structure, types, revision, and citation. Explore a wide range of free and certified Essay writing online courses.
Essay writing • Academic writing is based on analysis - the process of breaking down ideas so as to increase one's understanding. • It uses deductive reasoning, semiformal voice and the third person point-of-view. • Use of deductive reasoning - Stating the thesis (main idea) early and then followed by supporting details make complicated ideas easier to understand.
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Weather in Balakovo for today, accurate weather forecast for today for Balakovo, Balakovsky district, Saratov Oblast, Russia.
IELTS; Locations; russia; balakovo; Take IELTS test in or nearby Balakovo. There is no IELTS test center listed for Balakovo but you may be able to take your test in an alternative test center nearby. Please choose an appropriate test center that is closer to you or is most suitable for your test depending upon location or availability of test.