autobiography nelson mandela pdf

Subseries NMPP-PC-2012/14 - Mandela’s unpublished autobiographical manuscript written on Robben Island

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• Mandela’s unpublished autobiographical manuscript written on Robben Island

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• Africa » South Africa » Western Cape » Cape Town » Robben Island
• Africa » South Africa » Western Cape » Cape Town » Tokai » Pollsmoor Prison

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Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela Paperback – Unabridged, October 1, 1995

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• Print length 656 pages
• Language English
• Publisher Back Bay Books
• Publication date October 1, 1995
• Dimensions 5.45 x 2.05 x 8.1 inches
• ISBN-10 0316548189
• ISBN-13 978-0316548182
• See all details

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• Publisher ‏ : ‎ Back Bay Books (October 1, 1995)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• Paperback ‏ : ‎ 656 pages
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0316548189
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0316548182
• Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.37 pounds
• Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 5.45 x 2.05 x 8.1 inches
• #1 in South African History
• #4 in Historical African Biographies (Books)
• #89 in Political Leader Biographies

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About the author

Nelson mandela.

Nelson Mandela was born in Transkei, South Africa, on 18 July 1918. He joined the African National Congress in 1944 and was engaged in resistance against the ruling National Party’s apartheid policies after 1948 before being arrested in August 1962. In November 1962 he was sentenced to five years in prison and started serving his sentence at Robben Island Prison in 1963 before being returned to Pretoria, where he was to later stand in the Rivonia Trial. From 1964 to 1982, he was again incarcerated at Robben Island Prison and then later moved to Pollsmoor Prison, during which his reputation as a potent symbol of resistance to the anti-apartheid movement grew steadily.

Released from prison in 1990, Mandela won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 and was inaugurated as the first democratically elected president of South Africa in 1994. He is the author of the international bestsellers Long Walk to Freedom and Conversations with Myself.

© Nelson R. Mandela and the Nelson Mandela Foundation / PQ Blackwell Ltd

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Biography of Nelson Mandela

Rolihlahla Mandela was born into the Madiba clan in the village of Mvezo , in the Eastern Cape, on 18 July 1918. His mother was Nonqaphi Nosekeni and his father was Nkosi Mphakanyiswa Gadla Mandela, principal counsellor to the Acting King of the Thembu people, Jongintaba Dalindyebo. In 1930, when he was 12 years old, his father died and the young Rolihlahla became a ward of Jongintaba at the Great Place in Mqhekezweni 1 .

Hearing the elders’ stories of his ancestors’ valour during the wars of resistance, he dreamed also of making his own contribution to the freedom struggle of his people.

He attended primary school in Qunu where his teacher, Miss Mdingane, gave him the name Nelson, in accordance with the custom of giving all schoolchildren “Christian” names.

He completed his Junior Certificate at Clarkebury Boarding Institute and went on to Healdtown, a Wesleyan secondary school of some repute, where he matriculated.

Mandela began his studies for a Bachelor of Arts degree at the University College of Fort Hare but did not complete the degree there as he was expelled for joining in a student protest.

On his return to the Great Place at Mqhekezweni the King was furious and said if he didn’t return to Fort Hare he would arrange wives for him and his cousin Justice. They ran away to Johannesburg instead, arriving there in 1941. There he worked as a mine security officer and after meeting Walter Sisulu, an estate agent, he was introduced to Lazer Sidelsky. He then did his articles through a firm of attorneys – Witkin, Eidelman and Sidelsky.

He completed his BA through the University of South Africa and went back to Fort Hare for his graduation in 1943.

Nelson Mandela (top row, second from left) on the steps of Wits University.

Meanwhile, he began studying for an LLB at the University of the Witwatersrand. By his own admission he was a poor student and left the university in 1952 without graduating. He only started studying again through the University of London after his imprisonment in 1962 but also did not complete that degree.

In 1989, while in the last months of his imprisonment, he obtained an LLB through the University of South Africa. He graduated in absentia at a ceremony in Cape Town.

Entering politics

Mandela, while increasingly politically involved from 1942, only joined the African National Congress in 1944 when he helped to form the ANC Youth League (ANCYL).

In 1944 he married Walter Sisulu’s cousin, Evelyn Mase, a nurse. They had two sons, Madiba Thembekile "Thembi" and Makgatho, and two daughters both called Makaziwe, the first of whom died in infancy. He and his wife divorced in 1958.

Mandela rose through the ranks of the ANCYL and through its efforts, the ANC adopted a more radical mass-based policy, the Programme of Action, in 1949.

Nelson Mandela on the roof of Kholvad House in 1953.

In 1952 he was chosen as the National Volunteer-in-Chief of the Defiance Campaign with Maulvi Cachalia as his deputy. This campaign of civil disobedience against six unjust laws was a joint programme between the ANC and the South African Indian Congress. He and 19 others were charged under the Suppression of Communism Act for their part in the campaign and sentenced to nine months of hard labour, suspended for two years.

A two-year diploma in law on top of his BA allowed Mandela to practise law, and in August 1952 he and Oliver Tambo established South Africa’s first black-owned law firm in the 1950s, Mandela & Tambo. 2

At the end of 1952 he was banned for the first time. As a restricted person he was only permitted to watch in secret as the Freedom Charter was adopted in Kliptown on 26 June 1955.

The Treason Trial

Mandela was arrested in a countrywide police swoop on 5 December 1956, which led to the 1956 Treason Trial. Men and women of all races found themselves in the dock in the marathon trial that only ended when the last 28 accused, including Mandela, were acquitted on 29 March 1961.

On 21 March 1960 police killed 69 unarmed people in a protest in Sharpeville against the pass laws. This led to the country’s first state of emergency and the banning of the ANC and the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) on 8 April. Mandela and his colleagues in the Treason Trial were among thousands detained during the state of emergency.

During the trial Mandela married a social worker, Winnie Madikizela, on 14 June 1958. They had two daughters, Zenani and Zindziswa. The couple divorced in 1996.

Days before the end of the Treason Trial, Mandela travelled to Pietermaritzburg to speak at the All-in Africa Conference, which resolved that he should write to Prime Minister Verwoerd requesting a national convention on a non-racial constitution, and to warn that should he not agree there would be a national strike against South Africa becoming a republic. After he and his colleagues were acquitted in the Treason Trial, Mandela went underground and began planning a national strike for 29, 30 and 31 March.

In the face of massive mobilisation of state security the strike was called off early. In June 1961 he was asked to lead the armed struggle and helped to establish Umkhonto weSizwe (Spear of the Nation), which launched on 16 December 1961 with a series of explosions.

Madiba travelled with his Ethiopian passport.

On 11 January 1962, using the adopted name David Motsamayi, Mandela secretly left South Africa. He travelled around Africa and visited England to gain support for the armed struggle. He received military training in Morocco and Ethiopia and returned to South Africa in July 1962. He was arrested in a police roadblock outside Howick on 5 August while returning from KwaZulu-Natal, where he had briefed ANC President Chief Albert Luthuli about his trip.

He was charged with leaving the country without a permit and inciting workers to strike. He was convicted and sentenced to five years' imprisonment, which he began serving at the Pretoria Local Prison. On 27 May 1963 he was transferred to Robben Island and returned to Pretoria on 12 June. Within a month police raided Liliesleaf, a secret hideout in Rivonia, Johannesburg, used by ANC and Communist Party activists, and several of his comrades were arrested.

On 9 October 1963 Mandela joined 10 others on trial for sabotage in what became known as the Rivonia Trial. While facing the death penalty his words to the court at the end of his famous "Speech from the Dock" on 20 April 1964 became immortalised:

“ I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die. ” Speech from the Dock quote by Nelson Mandela on 20 April 1964

On 11 June 1964 Mandela and seven other accused, Walter Sisulu, Ahmed Kathrada, Govan Mbeki, Raymond Mhlaba, Denis Goldberg, Elias Motsoaledi and Andrew Mlangeni, were convicted and the next day were sentenced to life imprisonment. Goldberg was sent to Pretoria Prison because he was white, while the others went to Robben Island.

Mandela’s mother died in 1968 and his eldest son, Thembi, in 1969. He was not allowed to attend their funerals.

On 31 March 1982 Mandela was transferred to Pollsmoor Prison in Cape Town with Sisulu, Mhlaba and Mlangeni. Kathrada joined them in October. When he returned to the prison in November 1985 after prostate surgery, Mandela was held alone. Justice Minister Kobie Coetsee visited him in hospital. Later Mandela initiated talks about an ultimate meeting between the apartheid government and the ANC.

A picture captured during a rare visit from his comrades at Victor Verster Prison.

Release from prison

On 12 August 1988 he was taken to hospital where he was diagnosed with tuberculosis. After more than three months in two hospitals he was transferred on 7 December 1988 to a house at Victor Verster Prison near Paarl where he spent his last 14 months of imprisonment. He was released from its gates on Sunday 11 February 1990, nine days after the unbanning of the ANC and the PAC and nearly four months after the release of his remaining Rivonia comrades. Throughout his imprisonment he had rejected at least three conditional offers of release.

Mandela immersed himself in official talks to end white minority rule and in 1991 was elected ANC President to replace his ailing friend, Oliver Tambo. In 1993 he and President FW de Klerk jointly won the Nobel Peace Prize and on 27 April 1994 he voted for the first time in his life.

On 10 May 1994 he was inaugurated as South Africa’s first democratically elected President. On his 80 th birthday in 1998 he married Graça Machel, his third wife.

True to his promise, Mandela stepped down in 1999 after one term as President. He continued to work with the Nelson Mandela Children’s Fund he set up in 1995 and established the Nelson Mandela Foundation and The Mandela Rhodes Foundation.

In April 2007 his grandson, Mandla Mandela, was installed as head of the Mvezo Traditional Council at a ceremony at the Mvezo Great Place.

Nelson Mandela never wavered in his devotion to democracy, equality and learning. Despite terrible provocation, he never answered racism with racism. His life is an inspiration to all who are oppressed and deprived; and to all who are opposed to oppression and deprivation.

He died at his home in Johannesburg on 5 December 2013.

1. Nelson Mandela's father died in 1930 when Mandela was 12 and his mother died in 1968 when he was in prison. While the autobiography Long Walk to Freedom says his father died when he was nine, historical evidence shows it must have been later, most likely 1930. In fact, the original Long Walk to Freedom manuscript (written on Robben Island) states the year as 1930, when he was 12.

2. have established that there were at least 2 other black owned law firms before Mandela and Tambo.

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Nelson Mandela and the ANC — and the choices he made in his fight for freedom

Tl - mandela atc rolloff.

NPR's Throughline hosts Rund Abdelfatah and Ramtin Arablouei speak with Tshepo Moloi and Richard Stengel about Mandela’s early involvement with the African National Congress.

Copyright © 2024 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information.

NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.

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LONG WALK TO FREEDOM The Autobiography of NELSON MANDELA Little, Brown and Company

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Nelson Mandela the first black South African President elected democratically, is the moral and ethical face of the humanism in the world. His autobiography Long Walk to Freedom (1994) is written after becoming the first President of South Africa. His life involved intense struggle and sacrifice for his nation and humanity. His autobiography is very unique and inspiring to many who are fighting against any injustice anywhere in the world. The form, narration and the style is also characteristic. His life struggle is revealed and the contributions of ANC and his coworkers have received great importance in the book. His legacy is unfolded through this epic autobiography. As a reader one get lost in the past and present times of South Africa. Nelson Mandela's Long Walk to Freedom is divided into 11 distinctive sections which symbolizes distinct important phases in his life. His labeling to those life experiences signifies the importance and approach towards those events. The word Long in the title shows the struggle, hardship and sacrifices made by these freedom fighters against the apartheid regime. The adjective in the title "long" signifies many connotations attached with the word as it hits clearly towards the efforts and suffering he endured in his slow 'walk' towards freedom. It stretches the journey of life into long span of time. Humanism is the philosophy that put human welfare at the center and subsides all other religious, political, institutional and other issues. Nelson Mandela by taking the fight of common black citizen of South Africa for the justice against Apartheid regime make him a true humanist. His autobiography which depicts his philosophy and sacrifice thus becomes a document of humanism.

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No one is born hating another person because of the color of his skin, or his background, or his religion. People must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love, for love comes more naturally to the human heart than its opposite. - Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom Taking its cue from Nelson Mandela, after whom the journal Dalibhunga is named, this "Message from the Chair" encapsulates the vision of the Department of Historical Studies at the University of Toronto.

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From the vantage positions of the blacks, the South African Apartheid State was created on the principle of violence towards them. In fact, the system of apartheid was sustained and nourished through a brutal use of force against this majority by perniciously suppressing and negating their humanity. In addition to this state sanctioned violence, there is also the black-on-black violence that had resulted to numerous loss of lives. In fact the story of this black-on-black violence occupies a central space in Nelson Mandela's autobiography Long Walk to Freedom. This paper, therefore, looks at how violence is used as a narrative trope in Nelson Mandela's autobiography. The paper focuses on how Mandela uses the trajectory of violence to construct his identity on the one hand and the identity of his opponents especially members of the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) and the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) on the other.

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Literature is a reflection of reality and is a mirror of what happens in the world we live. Authors of literature convey various messages depending on their goals for each. Their expression of feelings, emotions and thought about human lives intends to teach society about society. In this descriptive essay as anchored on thematic analysis of Nelson Mandela’s autobiography “Long Walk to Freedom”, the author’s intent was to explore how one’ life challenges are not only a historical experience for him/herself but also a didactic tool to readers and contemporary society as well. Discussion in this paper demonstrated how well the message conveyed in non – fictional prose plays a significant role as they teach history, social and cultural values, commitment, patience and perseverance. The study reveals that sometimes a success of the present time springs from a painful but enduring past. Keywords— Literature, art, non-fictional prose, autobiography, Mandela, long walk to freedom, function of

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Nelson Mandela's childhood village shows how the ANC risks losing its grip on power

This is the most consequential election in South Africa since Mandela and his party, the African National Congress (ANC), won the country's first free and democratic vote in 1994 - with the last decade marked with soaring levels of unemployment, power cuts and corruption scandals.

Africa correspondent @YousraElbagir

Tuesday 28 May 2024 03:22, UK

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The green rolling hills of Nelson Mandela's childhood village Qunu are now a dry pale brown.

The clear streams are muddied and the families sustained by their crops and livestock are hungry. The picture of rural simplicity Mandela detailed in his autobiography A Long Walk to Freedom has tipped into deprivation.

Over a decade since his death, his cherished hometown is now another impoverished village in the Eastern Cape - the poorest province in South Africa.

Mandela's childhood home is off the N2 motorway, the longest-numbered national route in the country.

There are no signs to alert the trucks and cars whizzing past that the humble red-bricked house off the side of the road belongs to the man who led South Africa to freedom.

Not only the place of Mandela's earliest childhood memories, but where he is now buried.

Just across the road, 29-year-old Babalo reminisces about the days the South African flag would be hoisted to signal Mandela's return. Behind him, the white flagpole is stark and bare.

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"Everything was nice when you saw him - when he was around. You used to get inside the house and he would give us sweets and money," Babalo tells us wistfully.

His face darkens as he says: "The freedom was still alive but now everything is not good at all."

Babalo says he will not be voting in this election. This is the most consequential election in South Africa since Mandela and his party, the African National Congress (ANC), won the country's first free and democratic vote in 1994, ending 45 years of oppressive Apartheid rule.

There is growing discontent with the ANC-led government and the soaring levels of unemployment, power cuts and corruption scandals that have marked the last decade.

Thirty years on, the ANC is at risk of losing its grip on power with polls indicating the party may get less than 50% of the vote.

"I used to vote for the ANC but now I struggle because I don't see my vote - I don't feel the fruits. I still live with poverty and unemployment. There is no change and that is why I stopped voting," says Babalo.

Read more: Everything you need to know about South Africa's election South Africa president's rallying call ahead of election

Deeper into the fields that face Mandela's home, an older lady wearing a faded ANC T-shirt is gathering maize from a field framed by withered crops and collecting dried cow dung to heat her pot.

"We are going to vote for the ANC because we have always voted for the party but we are aggrieved," says 67-year-old Nobongile Geledwane.

"We don't have water as we speak, I have just come from the river - we share water with pigs. We don't have government houses. We are hungry. We cannot plough. Things are bad."

The ANC runs the Eastern Cape province where many remote villages struggle with access to running water and functioning clinics. Schools that are meant to provide schoolchildren with meals under the National Nutrition Programme that Mandela introduced in 1994 go weeks without offering children food.

In November, the South African Human Rights Commission found that child hunger in the Eastern Cape qualifies as a disaster and should be declared as such under the Disaster Management Act.

Across the state, mothers are having to give their children water from muddy puddles and contaminated water sources.

In the backyard of Mandela's Qunu home, a mother of two washes her children's clothes with water from a nearby dirty puddle.

I ask her where she drinks from and she points to the same puddle.

"We drink with the cows and pigs," says 30-year-old Zinhle.

"I was born in the year of change - supposedly. I don't see any change. I see that difficultness is getting more difficult."

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Mandela : a Biography

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