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Formulating a Research Problem

• First Online: 01 January 2022

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• Sergey K. Aityan 2  

Part of the book series: Classroom Companion: Business ((CCB))

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Any research starts with a question, the answer to which is unknown or unavailable. The research is completed when the answer is found. Carefully selecting and developing the research problem and then clearly and accurately stating it are critical steps in the research process. These steps should include selecting a manageable portion of the research area or topic for study. Clearly, accurately, and unambiguously stated research problem is easier to solve. One can say “a problem well put is a problem half solved.”

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Aityan, S.K. (2022). Formulating a Research Problem. In: Business Research Methodology. Classroom Companion: Business. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76857-7_4

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Identification and formulation of research problem

A presentation by

Dr. Rajendra Kumbhar

Dept. of Library & Information Science

University of Pune, Pune

Current status of LIS Research: some observations

• Inadequate education, training
• Lack of sufficient guidance from practitioners
• Increased expectations and compulsions for research
• LIS professionals need to be both producers and consumers of research
• Increased availability of research funding
• It’s time to research and rule the world of librarianship

What is a research problem?�

• First step in research
• A question that need to be answered
• A concept the researcher wants to understand
• A crisis that need to resolved
• A situation that need to be changed
• A reason of dissatisfaction

Sources for identification of Research Problem-1

• Reading different types of documents
• Research articles: limitations, hypotheses, suggestions for further research
• Review articles, books
• Titles of books Titles of books and articles
• Library association’s websites
• Publisher’s websites
• Blogs of experts and libraries
• Discussion forums

Sources for identification of Research Problem-2

• Observations- in and around the library
• Issues related with
• Staff: job satisfaction, retention,
• Users: Needs of different types of users [students, children, senior citizens, writers, social workers]

Sources for identification of Research Problem-3

• Reading material:
• New formats (e-journals, e-books, collaborative,

Q&A, social media)

• Impact on users, staff, budget
• Collection development
• Problems in selection
• Quality v/s discount
• Study of supplier’s attitudes, performance

Sources for identification of Research Problem-4

• Usability testing
• Testing use pattern of DDC, OPAC, Library software, library portal, database
• Testing Performance :
• Time taken to use …
• Number of steps taken…
• Testing Accuracy :
• Number of mistake made
• How did they rectify the mistake
• Emotional response:
• User’s feelings about the use, usability – confident, stressed?
• Would he recommend it to others?

Sources for identification of Research Problem-5

• Innovations, evaluation, modification
• OPAC, Classification systems, Software, FRBR

Sources for identification of Research Problem-6

• Current social issues and trends:
• Reading ability/skills of children? Can libraries help?
• More books are published and sold? Any correlation?
• Political issues:
• Banned books, banning books, impact?
• Publishing world:
• What and why publishers publish?
• Changes in the publishing world: normal book size 170 pages- reasons and impact on reading, librarianship?
• Open access initiative- rationality, impact on libraries

Sources for identification of Research Problem-7

• Ideological issues:
• Internet, repositories, digital libraries- Competitors or facilities?
• Study of theories/principles/laws
• Bradford’s /Lotka’s law – are they still valid?
• Methodological issues: adapt methods
• Scope for experimentation
• Comparative / Benchmarking studies
• Exploratory studies
• Imagination
• Reading consultancy for parents/children
• Reading research in the other related subjects

Sources for identification of Research Problem-8

• Critical thinking:
• Ask questions
• Challenge ideas and claims in research papers
• A stem from present research
• Seminars/workshops/ refresher courses
• Personal interest: your favourite area
• Mentorship: working with experts

Check list for a researchable problem-1

• Advancement of knowledge, solving problem
• Development of innovative tools/services
• Considers people not studied so far
• Availability of data

Check list for a researchable problem-2

• Interesting
• Subject of researcher’s knowledge

� Formulation of research problem-1

Formulation of research problem-2

Formulation of research problem-3

Formulation of research problem-4

To formulate research problem one must-

• Know all aspects of the subject
• Understand relationship between variables
• Must have theoretical background

This can be done by-

• Literature review
• Discussions with experts having positive and negative views
• Concept mapping, brainstorming
• Identification of broad subject
• Read literature on the broad subject
• Identify few sub-themes
• Read thoroughly on the sub-themes
• Identify single topic for research

Simplified version of the problem identification process

�Examples of research problems-1

• Role of library in developing lifelong learning skills
• Reflection of institutions mission in library operations and services
• Impact of new communication methods on libraries
• Is organizational structure of libraries changing if so what are the forces and impacts?
• What is impact of growing distance education

Examples of research problems-2

• Retention: a new issue in personnel management
• Staff formula for libraries
• Criteria for evaluation of libraries
• Do we need college/university libraries?
• Negotiation skills for librarians
• What are the implications of –
• Barcode, RFID, CCTV
• Role of libraries in epidemics
• Criteria for evaluation of library professionals

Your experiences, please

Formulating a Research Problem

Jul 26, 2014

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Formulating a Research Problem. To be Discussed!!!. The Research Problem The importance of Formulating a Research Problem Sources of Research Problem Consideration in selecting a research problem Steps in the formulation of a research problem Establishing operational definitions.

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• most research studies
• research study
• study population
• your expertise

Presentation Transcript

To be Discussed!!! • The Research Problem • The importance of Formulating a Research Problem • Sources of Research Problem • Consideration in selecting a research problem • Steps in the formulation of a research problem • Establishing operational definitions

The Research Problem Process of problem formulation: • Your expertise in research methodology • Your knowledge of the subject area • Your understanding of the issues to be examined • The extent to which the focus of your study in predetermined

The Research Problem • Specific idea required for the basis of your inquiry • Make sure that idea is researchable • Important that not all question can be transformed into research problems and some may prove to be extremely difficult to study • Powers, Meenaghan & Twoomey said; Potential research questions may occur to us on a regular basis, but the process of formulating them in a meaningful way is not at all an easy task

The Research Problem • It requires: • Considerable knowledge of subject area and research methodology • First identifying and then specifying a research problem might seem like research tasks that ought to be easy and quickly accomplished

The Research Problem • The importance of Research Problem • Identification of destination before undertaking a journey. • Kerlinger said: • If one wants to solve a problem, one must generally know what the problem is. It can be said that a large part of the problem lies in knowing what one is trying to do • Must have clear idea about what you want to find

The Research Problem • The importance of Research Problem • The research can take number of forms • The way you formulate a problem determines almost every step that follows: • The type of study design that can be used • The type of sampling strategy that can be employed • The research instrument that can be used or developed • The type of analysis that can be undertaken

The research problem • The importance: • Formulation of a problem is like the input into a study and the ‘output’ the quality of the contents of the research report and validity • GI-GO • In the beginning you may become more confused but this normal and a sign of progression. • Remember: confusion if often but a first step towards clarity • Remember: this is the most crucial step

Sources of Research Problems • Four P’s • People • Problems • Programs • Phenomena

Sources of Research problems • Most research studies are based on at-least combination of two p’sand it varies from study to study • You may select a group of individual ( a group or a community as such - “people”), either the existence of certain issues or problems relating to their lives, to ascertain attitude of a group of people towards an issue “Problem”; to establish existence of a regularity “phenomenon” or to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention “program”

Sources of Research problems • Focus: • Study of an issue, an association or a phenomenon for example; the relationship between unemployment and street crime, smoking and cancer or fertility and mortality, which is done on the basis of information collected from individuals, groups, communities or organizations. • Every research study has two aspects • The study population • The subject area

Sources of Research problems

Considerations in selecting a research problem • Interest • Magnitude • Measurement of concepts • Level of expertise • Relevance • Availability of data • Ethical issues

Steps in the formulation of a research problem • Step 1: identify a broad field or subject area of interest to you • Step 2: Dissect the broad area into subareas • Step 3: Select what is of most interest to you • Step 4: Raise research questions • Step 5: Formulate objectives • Step 6: Assess your objectives • Step 7: Double-check

The Formulation of Objectives • Objectives are goals you set out to attain in your study. • Two headings • Main objectives • Sub-objectives The main objective is an overall statement of the thrust of study The sub-objectives are the specific aspects of the topic that you want to investigate within the main framework of your study. The objectives should start with words such as ‘to determine ‘, ‘to find out’, ‘to ascertain’, ‘to measure’, ‘to explore’

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