essay on caste inequality in india

The growing research on inequality has gained very much importance in recent years, especially after the repeated commitment on the Government's part to eradicate poverty and existing inequalities from India. But in the study of income inequality, India lacks a detailed caste-wise survey by any government or non-government organization.

The caste system in India is the paradigmatic ethnographic instance of social classification based on castes. It has its origins in ancient India, and was transformed by various ruling elites in medieval, early-modern, and modern India, especially in the aftermath of the collapse of the Mughal Empire and the establishment of the British Raj.

The caste system is a distinctive feature of Indian inequality. Emerging around 1500 BC, the hereditary social classification draws its origins from occupational hierarchy. Ancient Indian society ...

Class has now trumped caste as the dominant axis of identity and inequality, argues Parry (2020, pp. 3, 23). 8 At times, Parry (2020, pp. 473-474, 513) qualifies this argument to suggest that 'Class is as important in most interactions as caste as a source of identity and as an axis of inequality'. Parry's study covers working persons ...

The economic impact of COVID-19 has been much harder on those at the bottom of the caste ladder in India, reflecting the persistence of a system of social stigmatization that many Indians believe is a thing of the past. Untouchability has been outlawed since 1947, and an affirmative action program has lowered some barriers for stigmatized caste groups. But during the pandemic, members of lower ...

The word caste derives from the Spanish and Portuguese "casta", means "race, lineage, or breed". Portuguese employed casta in the modern sense when they applied it to hereditary Indian social groups called as 'jati' in India. 'Jati' originates from the root word 'Jana' which implies taking birth. Thus, caste is concerned ...

Though poverty remains a critical challenge, official estimates show a decline in the incidence from a high of 37% in 200,405 to 22% in 201,112, that is, a decline of 15 percentage points. Footnote 8 The decline notwithstanding there remain large differences in the incidence of poverty across caste groups in India.

1 Competing Narratives. While caste affiliations remain ubiquitous in modern India with surnames, marriage arrangements, dress and food habits often. characterising caste distinctions, the extent to which caste. R01HD046166 from the National Institutes of Health to the University of defines the fundamental structure of social stratification in ...

consequent inequality in professional opportunities for these groups. However, inequality in educational opportunities remained, and thus so did literacy levels, based on different financial statuses, gender, and social standings beyond the theoretical Hindu caste system. The First Backward Classes Commission of 1953

Ambedkar in his first essay emphasised control on resources, endogamy, immobility in occupation and operating irrational social institutions as the main issues (Ambedkar, 1916). He termed the caste system as an 'enclosed class' and further in these enclosures 'some closed the doors and others found the doors closed'.

It is. still law today.3. Castes were early recognized as juridical entities with the power to sue and be sued, to sue on behalf of their members, to acquire, hold, and. manage property. The core of caste autonomy consisted in the power of a caste to make rules for itself and to constitute tribunals to enforce.

The answer depends on the relationship between caste and economic inequalities in present-day India and the possible political manifestation or lack of it in the elections. PREMIUM. An enumerator ...

500 Words Essay On Caste Discrimination. Indian society has a caste system that has existed for thousands of years. Ancient scriptures also make a categorical mention of castes. Eventually, this sort of segregation gave way to greed, which led to the higher castes oppressing the lower caste. Over time, the caste system changed and produced ...

The aim of this paper is to examine the inequality and poverty issues of rural households in India from the perspective of a household's monthly per capita consumption expenditure using data on nearly 20,000 households. In examining these issues, the paper first sets out a model of a poverty-inequality trade-off whereby governments could ...

The government of independent India was reluctant to use caste as an explainer of poverty and inequality, and there was no place for social classifications used in the colonial administration; hence the abandonment of caste categories in the post-Independence national censuses (Dirks, 2001, Jaffrelot, 2006). 3 Both Gandhian utopianism and ...

Race - Caste System, India, Social Hierarchy: India has a huge population encompassing many obvious physical variations, from light skins to some of the darkest in the world and a wide variety of hair textures and facial features. Such variations there, as elsewhere, are a product of natural selection in tropical and semitropical environments, of genetic drift among small populations, and of ...

In the context of global economic inequality, I present the case of wealth inequality in India. I keep the domestic lens of caste active, to not miss the social inequality which might be propelling the uneven distribution of prosperity. I further divide my work here into two sub-topics. First is preparing the long term evolution of wealth ...

Metadata. This thesis estimates the inequality on the basis of caste and religion, and analyses the socio-economic structural factors in determining sex ratios in India. In the first part of the thesis, the inequality spaces are determined by average household income and access to clean energy sources at the household level. The regression ...

This paper analyses inequality and poverty in India within the context of caste-based discrimination. It does so by decomposing the difference between (caste) Hindu and Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) households in: their average household incomes; their probabilities of being in different income percentiles; their probabilities of being at different levels of poverty into: a ...

Poverty is multifaceted. The global poverty profile shows 41% of multidimensionally poor people living in South Asian countries. Though castes and tribes are a more prevalent line of social stratification in India, and their socio-economic characteristics also vary remarkably, hardly any study has explored these dimensions while analysing multidimensional poverty in India. Hence, this study ...

in his book, Modernity of Slavery: Struggles against Caste Inequality in Colonial Kerala (Mohan 2015: 39) highlights the experiences of several oppressed castes, who ... has eloquently traced in his essay, 'Law and Caste in Modern India', refused to rule in favour of oppressed castes when it came to matters of personal law and religious

The 2019 report by Oxfam, titled "Public good or Private Wealth?" showed that India's top 10% holds 77.4% of the total national wealth, while the top 1% holds 51.53% of the wealth. The bottom 60% population holds only 4.8% of the national wealth. 13.6 crore Indians, who make up the poorest 10% of the country, have continued to remain in debt ...

This essay about India's ancient caste system explores its origins, evolution, and impact on society. ... Yet, they also reinforced divisions and hierarchies, perpetuating social inequality and limiting mobility. Religion played a pivotal role in legitimizing and perpetuating the caste system, intertwining social norms with spiritual beliefs ...

Unless political parties acknowledge that the two markers of Indian polity and economy are caste and inequality, we cannot strike at the root of poverty, discrimination and oppression. Congress' manifesto drew attention to the dark side of the BJP's narrative of 'development' and made a few simple promises to key stakeholders:

Methods. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) as this allows inclusion of published papers to examine health discrimination on the basis of an individual's caste. 24 Population, exposure, and outcome framework 25 was used to develop the research question and form the search strategy.

There are several empirical evidences that the calorie intake (CI) has been declining in India (Chandrasekhar and Ghosh 2003; Deaton and Drèze 2009; Mittal 2007; Patnaik 2004, 2007; Smith 2015).Besides, the inequality in CI is widely observed among gender, caste, and religion in India (Bhuyan et al. 2020b).The decline in CI and the presence of inequality are challenging issues for human ...

Social and economic inequalities have important and long-lasting effects on children's cognitive and socio-emotional development as well as on educational outcomes (Grantham-McGregor et al., 2007; Shonkoff and Garner, 2012). Multiple inequities combine, producing a negative impact on the ability of marginalized children to learn (Suárez-Orozco, Yoshikawa, and Tseng, 2015).

The closest the Congress has come is its effort to fuse two issues: longstanding caste inequality and rising unemployment. India's Constitution sets aside about half of government jobs and seats ...

Akhilesh Yadav claims INDIA bloc is leading in all 80 seats in UP. In an exclusive interview, he discusses the public's disillusionment with BJP, rising unemployment, and the need for a caste census.

The 48-page report, "'I Escaped with Only My Life:' Abusive Forced Evictions in Pakistan," documents widespread and abusive forced evictions that disproportionately affect the most ...