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What is cohesion?

  • Cohesion vs coherence

Transition signals

  • What are references?
  • In-text citations
  • Reference sections
  • Reporting verbs
  • Band descriptors

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Cohesion How to make texts stick together

Cohesion and coherence are important features of academic writing. They are one of the features tested in exams of academic English, including the IELTS test and the TOEFL test . This page gives information on what cohesion is and how to achieve good cohesion. It also explains the difference between cohesion and coherence , and how to achieve good coherence. There is also an example essay to highlight the main features of cohesion mentioned in this section, as well as some exercises to help you practise.

cohesion

For another look at the same content, check out YouTube or Youku , or the infographic .

It is important for the parts of a written text to be connected together. Another word for this is cohesion . This word comes from the verb cohere , which means 'to stick together'. Cohesion is therefore related to ensuring that the words and sentences you use stick together.

Good cohesion is achieved through the following five main methods, each of which is described in more detail below:

  • repeated words/ideas
  • reference words
  • transition signals
  • substitution

Two other ways in which cohesion is achieved in a text, which are covered less frequently in academic English courses, are shell nouns and thematic development . These are also considered below.

Repeated words/ideas

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Check out the cohesion infographic »

One way to achieve cohesion is to repeat words, or to repeat ideas using different words (synonyms). Study the following example. Repeated words (or synonyms) are shown in bold.

Cohesion is an important feature of academic writing . It can help ensure that your writing coheres or 'sticks together', which will make it easier for the reader to follow the main ideas in your essay or report . You can achieve good cohesion by paying attention to five important features . The first of these is repeated words. The second key feature is reference words. The third one is transition signals. The fourth is substitution. The final important aspect is ellipsis.

In this example, the word cohesion is used several times, including as a verb ( coheres ). It is important, in academic writing, to avoid too much repetition, so using different word forms or synonyms is common. The word writing is also used several times, including the phrase essay or report , which is a synonym for writing . The words important features are also repeated, again using synonyms: key feature , important aspect .

Reference words

Reference words are words which are used to refer to something which is mentioned elsewhere in the text, usually in a preceding sentence. The most common type is pronouns, such as 'it' or 'this' or 'these'. Study the previous example again. This time, the reference words are shown in bold.

Cohesion is an important feature of academic writing. It can help ensure that your writing coheres or 'sticks together', which will make it easier for the reader to follow the main ideas in your essay or report. You can achieve good cohesion by paying attention to five important features. The first of these is repeated words. The second key feature is reference words. The third one is transition signals. The fourth is substitution. The final important aspect is ellipsis.

The words it , which and these are reference words. The first two of these, it and which , both refer to 'cohesion' used in the preceding sentence. The final example, these , refers to 'important features', again used in the sentence that precedes it.

Transition signals, also called cohesive devices or linking words, are words or phrases which show the relationship between ideas. There are many different types, the most common of which are explained in the next section on transition signals . Some examples of transition signals are:

  • for example - used to give examples
  • in contrast - used to show a contrasting or opposite idea
  • first - used to show the first item in a list
  • as a result - used to show a result or effect

Study the previous example again. This time, the transition signals are shown in bold. Here the transition signals simply give a list, relating to the five important features: first , second , third , fourth , and final .

Substitution

Substitution means using one or more words to replace (substitute) for one or more words used earlier in the text. Grammatically, it is similar to reference words, the main difference being that substitution is usually limited to the clause which follows the word(s) being substituted, whereas reference words can refer to something far back in the text. The most common words used for substitution are one , so , and auxiliary verbs such as do, have and be . The following is an example.

  • Drinking alcohol before driving is illegal in many countries, since doing so can seriously impair one's ability to drive safely.

In this sentence, the phrase 'doing so' substitutes for the phrase 'drinking alcohol before driving' which appears at the beginning of the sentence.

Below is the example used throughout this section. There is just one example of substitution: the word one , which substitutes for the phrase 'important features'.

Ellipsis means leaving out one or more words, because the meaning is clear from the context. Ellipsis is sometimes called substitution by zero , since essentially one or more words are substituted with no word taking their place.

Below is the example passage again. There is one example of ellipsis: the phrase 'The fourth is', which means 'The fourth [important feature] is', so the words 'important feature' have been omitted.

Shell nouns

Shell nouns are abstract nouns which summarise the meaning of preceding or succeeding information. This summarising helps to generate cohesion. Shell nouns may also be called carrier nouns , signalling nouns , or anaphoric nouns . Examples are: approach, aspect, category, challenge, change, characteristics, class, difficulty, effect, event, fact, factor, feature, form, issue, manner, method, problem, process, purpose, reason, result, stage, subject, system, task, tendency, trend, and type . They are often used with pronouns 'this', 'these', 'that' or 'those', or with the definite article 'the'. For example:

  • Virus transmission can be reduced via frequent washing of hands, use of face masks, and isolation of infected individuals. These methods , however, are not completely effective and transmission may still occur, especially among health workers who have close contact with infected individuals.
  • An increasing number of overseas students are attending university in the UK. This trend has led to increased support networks for overseas students.

In the example passage used throughout this section, the word features serves as a shell noun, summarising the information later in the passage.

Cohesion is an important feature of academic writing. It can help ensure that your writing coheres or 'sticks together', which will make it easier for the reader to follow the main ideas in your essay or report. You can achieve good cohesion by paying attention to five important features . The first of these is repeated words. The second key feature is reference words. The third one is transition signals. The fourth is substitution. The final important aspect is ellipsis.

Thematic development

Cohesion can also be achieved by thematic development. The term theme refers to the first element of a sentence or clause. The development of the theme in the rest of the sentence is called the rheme . It is common for the rheme of one sentence to form the theme of the next sentence; this type of organisation is often referred to as given-to-new structure, and helps to make writing cohere.

Consider the following short passage, which is an extension of the first example above.

  • Virus transmission can be reduced via frequent washing of hands, use of face masks, and isolation of infected individuals. These methods, however, are not completely effective and transmission may still occur, especially among health workers who have close contact with infected individuals. It is important for such health workers to pay particular attention to transmission methods and undergo regular screening.

Here we have the following pattern:

  • Virus transmission [ theme ]
  • can be reduced via frequent washing of hands, use of face masks, and isolation of infected individuals [ rheme ]
  • These methods [ theme = rheme of preceding sentence ]
  • are not completely effective and transmission may still occur, especially among health workers who have close contact with infected individuals [ rheme ]
  • health workers [ theme, contained in rheme of preceding sentence ]
  • [need to] to pay particular attention to transmission methods and undergo regular screening [ rheme ]

Cohesion vs. coherence

The words 'cohesion' and 'coherence' are often used together with a similar meaning, which relates to how a text joins together to make a unified whole. Although they are similar, they are not the same. Cohesion relates to the micro level of the text, i.e. the words and sentences and how they join together. Coherence , in contrast, relates to the organisation and connection of ideas and whether they can be understood by the reader, and as such is concerned with the macro level features of a text, such as topic sentences , thesis statement , the summary in the concluding paragraph (dealt with in the essay structure section), and other 'bigger' features including headings such as those used in reports .

Coherence can be improved by using an outline before writing (or a reverse outline , which is an outline written after the writing is finished), to check that the ideas are logical and well organised. Asking a peer to check the writing to see if it makes sense, i.e. peer feedback , is another way to help improve coherence in your writing.

Example essay

Below is an example essay. It is the one used in the persuasion essay section. Click on the different areas (in the shaded boxes to the right) to highlight the different cohesive aspects in this essay, i.e. repeated words/ideas, reference words, transition signals, substitution and ellipsis.

Title: Consider whether human activity has made the world a better place.

History shows that human beings have come a long way from where they started. They have developed new technologies which means that everybody can enjoy luxuries they never previously imagined. However , the technologies that are temporarily making this world a better place to live could well prove to be an ultimate disaster due to , among other things, the creation of nuclear weapons , increasing pollution , and loss of animal species . The biggest threat to the earth caused by modern human activity comes from the creation of nuclear weapons . Although it cannot be denied that countries have to defend themselves, the kind of weapons that some of them currently possess are far in excess of what is needed for defence . If these [nuclear] weapons were used, they could lead to the destruction of the entire planet . Another harm caused by human activity to this earth is pollution . People have become reliant on modern technology, which can have adverse effects on the environment . For example , reliance on cars causes air and noise pollution . Even seemingly innocent devices, such as computers and mobile phones, use electricity, most of which is produced from coal-burning power stations, which further adds to environmental pollution . If we do not curb our direct and indirect use of fossil fuels, the harm to the environment may be catastrophic. Animals are an important feature of this earth and the past decades have witnessed the extinction of a considerable number of animal species . This is the consequence of human encroachment on wildlife habitats, for example deforestation to expand cities. Some may argue that such loss of [animal]   species is natural and has occurred throughout earth's history. However , the current rate of [animal]   species loss far exceeds normal levels   [of animal species loss] , and is threatening to become a mass extinction event. In summary , there is no doubt that current human activities such as the creation of nuclear weapons , pollution , and destruction of wildlife , are harmful to the earth . It is important for us to see not only the short-term effects of our actions, but their long-term ones as well. Otherwise , human activities will be just another step towards destruction .

Aktas, R.N. and Cortes, V. (2008), 'Shell nouns as cohesive devices in published and ESL student writing', Journal of English for Academic Purposes , 7 (2008) 3-14.

Alexander, O., Argent, S. and Spencer, J. (2008) EAP Essentials: A teacher's guide to principles and practice . Reading: Garnet Publishing Ltd.

Gray, B. (2010) 'On the use of demonstrative pronouns and determiners as cohesive devices: A focus on sentence-initial this/these in academic prose', Journal of English for Academic Purposes , 9 (2010) 167-183.

Halliday, M. A. K., and Hasan, R. (1976). Cohesion in English . London: Longman.

Hinkel, E. (2004). Teaching Academic ESL Writing: Practical Techniques in Vocabulary and Grammar . Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc Publishers.

Hyland, K. (2006) English for Academic Purposes: An advanced resource book . Abingdon: Routledge.

Thornbury, S. (2005) Beyond the Sentence: Introducing discourse analysis . Oxford: Macmillan Education.

Academic Writing Genres

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Below is a checklist for essay cohesion and coherence. Use it to check your own writing, or get a peer (another student) to help you.

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Find out more about transition signals in the next section.

  • Transitions

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Go back to the previous section about paraphrasing .

  • Paraphrasing

Exercises & Activities Some ways to practise this area of EAP

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Author: Sheldon Smith    ‖    Last modified: 03 February 2022.

Sheldon Smith is the founder and editor of EAPFoundation.com. He has been teaching English for Academic Purposes since 2004. Find out more about him in the about section and connect with him on Twitter , Facebook and LinkedIn .

Compare & contrast essays examine the similarities of two or more objects, and the differences.

Cause & effect essays consider the reasons (or causes) for something, then discuss the results (or effects).

Discussion essays require you to examine both sides of a situation and to conclude by saying which side you favour.

Problem-solution essays are a sub-type of SPSE essays (Situation, Problem, Solution, Evaluation).

Transition signals are useful in achieving good cohesion and coherence in your writing.

Reporting verbs are used to link your in-text citations to the information cited.

Crafting an Effective Presentation Structure: From Introduction to Conclusion

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Crafting an Effective Presentation Structure, from introduction to conclusion, is daunting and brings about a great deal of work. A great presentation leaves the audience feeling either inspired or informed on a specific topic. It generally is not because the speaker was knowledgeable or motivating. 

Instead, they are aware of how to structure presentations logically and simply, allowing the audience to keep up with them and take away the key aspects of the presentation. A good structure helps the speaker deliver a presentation calmly, stay on topic and avoid any awkward silence between the presentations. This is precisely why individuals should look to enhance and develop effective presentation skills .

Factors that Determine the Presentation Structure

Before choosing and designing a presentation structure, the speaker should address a variety of factors, including: 

  • Who is the audience, and how knowledgeable are they already?
  • Time duration of the presentation.
  • The kind of setting in which the presentation is being delivered.
  • Aim of the Presentation.
  • What are the key points the audience should take away from the presentation? 

Typical Presentation Structure 

In general, the contents of a presentation include an introduction, body, and conclusion. At times, it may include visual aids. This is the usual flow for crafting an effective presentation structure: from introduction to conclusion, which covers all the necessary sections and allows the audience to follow along easily. 

When designing a presentation, 

  • Create a solid, organized structure for the entire presentation. 
  • Keep the slides simple and clear to follow. 
  • Remember to be concise and do not confuse the audience. 
  • Make sure to add style and visual elements consistently in the presentation. 

The Introduction – Greeting the audience & introducing the speaker

Be sure to create a positive environment by welcoming the audience with a friendly greeting. This allows the audience to arrive, settle down, and prepare for the presentation to start. The introduction is essential to establish a relationship between the speaker and the audience and gather their attention .  

The introduction should help the audience comprehend and understand the subject and objective of the presentation as well as gain their attention and confidence . It should narrow down from a broad topic to the specifics of the talk. 

  • Stating the general topic.
  • Narrowing to the area of interest/ subject of the presentation.
  • Stating the problems/ challenges in the area being discussed. 
  • Stating the objective and purpose of the presentation. 
  • Providing a statement of the outcome of the presentation. 
  • Showing a preview of the content of the presentation.

This is a great time also to explain the length of the talk, indicate if the speaker wants an audience interaction, and inform the audience if they need to jot down the important points from the presentation. With effective presentation skills, people can keep the audience engaged and interested throughout the entire tenure of the presentation.

The Body 

The body of the presentation should meet the objective and the information indicated in the introduction. This is an integral part of crafting an Effective Presentation Structure: From the Introduction to the Conclusion should make up about 75% of the total duration of the presentation. 

  • The topics should be segmented considering the nature of the presentation and then working through them individually for the audience to understand fully. 
  • The main points should be concise with relevant supportive evidence, statistics, and examples. 
  • Critical points should be indicated with reasons. Each important idea could be presented several times in different ways to help the audience fully absorb the meaning. 
  • State clear links between the ideas and internal summaries and always signal when moving on to the next point. 
  • Allow the audience to make relevant notes. Always remember to summarize the talk’s body and remind the audience of the topic. 

After the main part of the presentation, the audience should understand the information and arguments clearly. 

The Conclusion 

The conclusion is frequently underdeveloped, and a poorly executed closing can completely undermine a successful presentation. However, the best section is to reflect more power onto the messages and create a lasting impression in the audience’s minds. The conclusion determines whether the speaker has achieved the presentation goal. 

While crafting an Effective Presentation Structure: From Introduction to Conclusion, keep in mind that the conclusion should make up about 1/3 of the entire presentation and should contain the following elements: 

  • Summarize the key points: Keeping in mind the goal of the presentation, remember to summarise the main points and their implications. This is a good way to ensure the audience walks away with the precise information the speaker intended to convey. 
  • Repeating the core message: Repeating the core theme or message of the presentation can create a powerful conclusion. This will signal the end of the talk and will provide an overview of the argument, findings, and overall purpose of the talk. 
  • Offering a thought-provoking takeaway: Use a powerful and effective quote or saying that relates to the presentation’s theme and resonates with the audience. 
  • Visuals: Visuals can leave a lasting impression on the audience while the closing remarks are emphasized. 

Final Steps – Thanking the audience and inviting questions 

Conclude the talk by acknowledging and thanking the people present in the audience. Show them appreciation for their interest and the time that they have invested in the presentation. After this, the audience may be invited to ask any questions. It is best to focus on initially delivering the presentation to set the tone and topics for discussion in the Q&A. 

After finishing the entire presentation, the speaker should have built a relationship with their audience such that: 

  • The audience follows through on the presentation. 
  • It acts in the direction of the presentation’s goal. 
  • The audience remembers the presentation. 

Collaborate with the expert Orator Academy team to gain more knowledge about this concept and enhance presentation skills. Check the official website of Orator Academy to develop your public speaking skills .

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Vineeta Khanna

Vineeta Khanna is one of the most well known and successful public speaking coaches In New York and New Jersey. As the founder of Orator Academy, she has helped hundreds of young students and working professionals to become confident speakers.

Vineeta has worked with hundreds of students of all ages: elementary school students, college students, interns, job seekers, Wall Street professionals, home makers, IT professionals, teachers and more.

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The Ultimate Guide to Continuous Improvement

Jesse Nieminen

Continuous Improvement is one of those topics people often talk about and rarely have anything against, but that still doesn’t get the attention it deserves.

It’s like eating more vegetables: everyone knows it’s good for you, but most just don’t bother to really commit to doing it properly – for one reason or another.

In this article, we’ll first examine the concept in a bit more detail, and then provide practical tips, tools and best practices to help you drive tangible business results with continuous improvement.

Table of contents

What is continuous improvement.

  • Key Benefits
  • The Big Picture

Continuous Improvement Processes

  • Tools & Methods
  • Key Challenges
  • Best Practices

The definition of continuous improvement is pretty simple: it’s simply an ongoing, in other word, continuous, effort to improve or make something better.

Continuous-Improvement

Continuous vs. Continual

One of the more debated parts of the concept is the use of the word “continuous” , versus “continual” , the latter of which is actually used by the official committee in charge of the ISO 9000 family of quality management systems.

So, what’s the difference?

“Continuous” as a term refers to something that happens all the time, for example on a daily basis. “Continual” on the other hand simply refers to something that’s on the agenda without being interrupted or paused, but there doesn’t necessarily have to be something going on all the time.

The reason the ISO committee decided to use the latter is because it is the more widely applicable term. Continuous improvement is always continual, but the reverse isn’t necessarily true.

Every organization, no matter how content they are with the current state, does some form of “ continual improvement” , however, only the organizations that really take the topic seriously and are seeking to drive real results with it, are doing “continuous improvement” . Thus, I would argue that the ISO committee’s choice of words isn’t exactly ideal, and that’s why I will be using the term “continuous” in this article.

So, what continuous improvement really is, is a conscious, deliberate decision to continuously invest and focus on getting better, or in other words towards being more efficient and effective. It isn’t a one-off project with a start and an end, but an ongoing process that aims towards excellence in the chosen areas of focus.

Continuous improvement is a conscious, deliberate decision to continuously invest and focus on getting better. It isn’t a one-off project with a start and an end, but an ongoing process that aims towards excellence in the chosen areas of focus.

In our experience, companies that take continuous improvement seriously usually apply these principles to all key areas of their business operations and organization, instead of focusing just on some specific part of it. However, that isn’t necessarily always the case, and continuous improvement could also be applied to just one part, such as operations, sustainability, supply chain management, or cybersecurity.

Why is Continuous Improvement important?

Now that we understand what continuous improvement is, and what it isn’t, we can move onto the benefits of focusing on it.

We’ll start by listing some of the more specific things that can be achieved with solid continuous improvement processes and practices, and then move onto the more generally applicable benefits.

Benefits of doing continuous improvement

As mentioned, continuous improvement manifests itself in a variety of very tangible benefits that any organization would be happy to achieve. Some of the more common ones can be found below:

  • Cost savings
  • Less waste (time, resources, money)
  • Increased operational efficiency
  • Increased customer satisfaction
  • Decreased capital requirements and inventory levels
  • Improved sharing of knowledge and organizational learning
  • Increased product/service quality
  • Shorter feedback loop and time to value creation
  • Improved culture and employee engagement

The first three are most obvious ones that everyone usually associates with continuous improvements. These naturally help the bottom line of an organization in a very meaningful way. Most leaders and managers do already understand the role that continuous improvement can play in these areas, so we won’t be going into more detail on them here.

However, in my opinion, the last three are actually the most interesting benefits for all of us who are interested in innovation and value creation.

So, the key is to understand that in addition to the bottom line, continuous improvement can also help to dramatically boost your top line results when applied properly.

In addition to improving your bottom line, continuous improvement can also help to dramatically boost your top line results.

In many ways, this kind of continuous improvement is much more important for your long-term success as an organization than the pure cost and efficiency improvements. These are, after all, the kind of improvements that keep creating value for your customers, and thus keep you relevant.

To give you some perspective on how these kinds of processes might work in practice, we’ll refer to one of our most successful customers, If P&C Insurance . As part of their strategy, they have a clear focus on customer satisfaction, and to achieve that goal, they set on a path to systematically find any potential frustrations or pain points customers may face, by engaging the people on the frontlines of the organization.

By systematically mapping out, prioritizing, and implementing as many of these ideas as possible throughout the years, the company has been able to significantly strengthen their position and become the clear market leader with excellent customer satisfaction, but also growth and financial performance.

The Big Picture & ROI of Continuous Improvement

So, let’s circle back to the big picture of why it pays off to invest into continuous improvement.

First, it's important to understand that it's nearly impossible to track the full ROI of continuous improvement. The reason for that is pretty simple: with good companies implementing thousands of improvements annually, most of which have many different kinds of benefits, some soft (time saved, improved quality and customers satisfaction etc.) and some hard ( saved money, decreased waste etc.), it's impossible to keep track of all of these no matter how hard you try to do that.

Because of this background, and of course the fact that there are many other variables in play, such as the company's industry, the extent to which continuous improvement is embraced, and so on, there are wildly different financial returns for continuous improvement. As a result, there isn't much in terms of credible research that would've been able to, or would've even tried to, quantify that accurately.

On the other hand, I've yet to hear anyone seriously argue that continuous improvement wouldn't be worth it for any company, or that it would lead to negative returns.

So, in the end, the big picture is pretty simple.

If you don’t systematically focus on improving the way you operate and do business, you’ll inevitably lose ground against your competitors little by little until you finally become obsolete. That’s the baseline in the chart below.

If you don't improve, you'll lose ground against your competitors little by little until you finally become obsolete. On the other hand, if you get a bit better every day, the results compound and lead to a profound difference over time.

But if you embrace continuous improvement, and apply it to every facet of your business, you’ll get a bit better every day, or at least week. But, what makes this truly interesting is that the results compound .

So, if you just keep doing that for a sustained period of time, the difference will be profound, and it will be incredibly difficult for the competition to catch you as long as you keep your foot on the figurative gas pedal.

pace-of-innovation-compounding-returns

However, that is a big mistake. If you’ve ever really gone through the trouble of bringing an innovation to market, you know that there’s no such thing as overnight breakthrough success in innovation.

You can look at any real breakthrough, be it the light bulb, an electric car, or any of the stories I shared in that article above, and you’ll see that after the initial a-ha moment, there’s always years of hard work to get that idea to work, and to bring it to the world at scale. And how do you get that to work? Well, you continuously improve every facet of the innovation, and the methods via which you deliver it to market.

So, even if you claim to be an innovator that’s just focused on those big breakthrough innovations , you can’t argue the power of continuous improvement and the role it plays in determining whether you end up with a success story – or a failure.

Naturally the next question you probably then have is how you do bring that into practice.

Well, the first step is to identify an area where you want to start doing continuous improvement, for example customer satisfaction, and then put a process in place for pursuing that goal.

And that is a very important point: you need to have different continuous improvement processes in different parts of the organizations, and for achieving different goals, instead of just having one company-wide effort. The kind of process that makes sense, as well as the expertise needed to make smart decisions and the resources needed to implement those ideas will be very different in cybersecurity than they will be in sustainability or customer satisfaction.

With a single process, it’s very easy to start prioritizing the urgent over the important, especially in areas that the decision makers aren’t very familiar with and we see that happen all the time. So, don’t fall for the trap of thinking that one continuous improvement process is enough, it isn’t.

You need to have different continuous improvement processes in different parts of the organization, and for achieving different goals. Don’t fall for the trap of thinking that one process is enough, it isn’t.

With that out of the way, we can now move our focus towards what the actual processes look like. In reality, the exact steps and details, such as decision-makers and divisions of responsibilities, of the processes should always be determined on a case-by-case basis, but there are a number of commonly used process models or templates that you can use as the foundation for your specific process.

We unfortunately can’t cover all of them here for the sake of brevity, but we’ll give you an overview of the two most common ones. As mentioned, either of these will be a great starting point for anyone new to continuous improvement.

Kaizen Cycle

Kaizen is probably the most commonly referred concept related to continuous improvement. The term itself is loosely translated as good change or improvement , and in general it’s more of a philosophy than a specific process.

Kaizen is an intriguing concept to dive into in more detail, but for our purposes here, we’ll just focus on the Kaizen Cycle, which is the archetypal process for running Kaizen.

As the name would suggest, the Kaizen Cycle is cyclical by nature, just like every other continuous improvement process. It consists of seven different steps, which you can see from the image below.

For the most part, the steps are pretty self-explanatory: you engage people to find problems, identify the most relevant ones, come up with solutions, test them, analyze results, keep what works and roll those positive changes out at large, and then repeat the cycle.

However, the key to succeeding with the Kaizen Cycle comes from the famous adage: “Every day, everywhere, and by everybody”. If you are able to achieve that, you’ll do great.

The key to succeeding with Kaizen is to do it every day, everywhere, and by everybody.

So, it all starts by engaging people across the organization to identify problems or opportunities for improvement, and then also engaging them in the discussion towards finding potential solutions to these problems. It is, after all, the people on the frontlines of every organization that battle with these challenges every day, whereas management isn’t typically even aware of most of them, let alone realize how common or important a specific issue actually is. 

Not only will this help you fix the right issues, but by engaging the entire organization in the process, you’ll be able to fight resistance to change and actually create a culture that values change, improvement, and innovation.

PDCA , or the Deming Cycle as it’s often referred to, is probably the simplest and most commonly used framework for continuous improvement.

PDCA or the Deming cycle

However, the real key with the PDCA method is to repeat this cycle as many times as necessary until the problem has been fixed or the goal has been achieved.

The purpose for doing this is that it’s often impossible to know all of the effects of a given change in advance, so it’s simply better to avoid analysis-paralysis and move forward quickly and then just keep improving as you learn more.

However, the big difference between the PDCA and the Kaizen Cycle is that the aforementioned is a bit simpler and more general, so it’s perhaps more widely applicable, but on the other hand, it doesn’t take the realities of most organizations into account as well as the Kaizen Cycle does.

So, for most forms of continuous improvement in organizations, the Kaizen Cycle would be my default recommendation.

Now, as an innovator, you might think that both of these iterative processes sound an awful lot like the lean startup method . Well, it does because both are based on the same exact principles that derive all the way from the scientific method, as discussed above.

So, in the end, the quality control and standardization people and innovators, who are often at odds with each other, still rely on nearly identical methods to achieve their different goals. Yet, what I personally find quite amusing is that even when both ends of the spectrum clearly are big supporters of iterative methods, many business leaders still think they can plan it all out in advance and just execute everything according to some kind of detailed masterplan without a hitch.

Continuous Improvement Tools and Methods

Now that we understand what the big picture of continuous improvements usually looks like, it’s time to dive deeper into the practicalities.

Having a process in place is all great, but you still need to make sure that progress actually happens in practice. So, what follows is a brief list of different kinds of tools, methods and practices that either we or our customers have found useful for supporting and enabling continuous improvement.

Kaizen Corner

old-school-suggestion-box

Regardless of the tool you use for the job, the key principles are the same:

  • Employee leaves a suggestion. Ideally this would be via tool where it’s transparently visible to everyone, as this will improve communication and knowledge sharing.
  • All suggestions must be reviewed and evaluated by management. This has a dual purpose: first of all, it creates a culture where employees know that their input is valued, and second, the employees will get feedback on WHY their idea was either approved or not approved, which further helps educate employees.
  • On the back of our last point, Employees should be educated on how the process works, and trained on how they can better contribute. Remember to also tell why it is important for them to contribute.
  • Implement as many feasible ideas as possible. As we’ve already discussed above, you don’t always know what the best ideas or solutions are in advance, and they might lead to new, even better ones down the road. And, more importantly, the benefits from each of these add up and compound over time. So, reserve sufficient resources for implementation and try to get as many of them done as possible.
  • Reward employees for their contributions. This helps reinforce and sustain the effort, thus operationalizing it. We recommend rewarding successful and valuable ideas, but also for employees that show the right attitude and put in the effort, even if they would fail as this helps build the right kind of culture. While financial rewards can be a good idea, make sure to also use rewards that affect intrinsic motivation , such as praise and recognition in front of colleagues.

Kaizen Corner, and engaging employees in general, is an important cornerstone of any continuous improvement processes and should be a part of the toolbox for every company that's looking to do continuous improvement.

There's a widely cited figure floating around in the industry that 80% of all valid and useful improvement suggestions always come from employees on the frontlines. I haven't been able to find a source for these claims, but in our experience from working with hundreds of customers, this would seem to be at least proportionally correct.

80% of all valid and useful improvement suggestions come from employees on the frontlines of the company.

Gemba Walks

In Lean processes, regular Gemba Walks are one of the key methods managers should undertake.

Boss doing a Gemba walk

After you’re done with the walk, you can then collect your thoughts and co-operate with the employees to fix issues and improve the way things are done.

Not only can this reveal obvious issues that you just couldn’t see from the conference room or the corner office, and help you fix them, it also helps you engage with people in the front-lines and create a culture where improvement and innovation really thrives.

The Five Whys

Whenever you come across an issue in your business, it’s often easy to just do the quick and easy, obvious fix for it. Often this is a good decision, but in a number of cases, it might help alleviate the symptoms for a little while, but doesn’t fix the real, underlying root cause!

It’s a bit like back pain and many other lifestyle diseases. Sure, a pill might help with that, at least temporarily, but what you really need to do is fix the root cause that caused the problem in the first place – be it poor ergonomics, weak muscles or whatever.

The Five Whys is a good technique for continuous improvement

For continuous improvement, this is especially important, because many of the issues, ideas or suggestions on your backlog might in reality be caused by the same root cause, in which case you can get much better results much faster and cheaper by addressing the root cause, and not the symptoms. So, try to make the use of this framework a habit.

Just as an additional tip, you might often want to do this silently in your own mind since if you ask five whys whenever a colleague says something, they might get a bit annoyed, and you might not exactly make a lot of new friends 😉.

The 5S framework is another method that you might use to identify improvements in a workplace. As with many of the other practices we’ve listed, this also has its roots in enabling Just-in-Time manufacturing in Japan, with each of the five actions being represented with a word that starts with an S. The same applies for the English translations as well.

These are, in order:

  • Set in order
  • Standardize
  • Self-discipline (sustain)

As you may realize from the terms themselves, the 5Ss framework is designed first and foremost for physical workplaces, such as factory floors, but the same principles still hold true in the modern workplace, which is often part physical and part virtual.

The key idea is to focus on making the workplace clean and orderly. In practice, that means eliminating everything that isn’t necessary, making sure that everything is laid out clearly and is well-maintained, that all practices are standardized and that employees are taught to sustain the practices themselves.

We won’t go into detail on what each of the steps involves, so if you’re interested in learning more, I’d recommend visiting the link above.

Digital CI tools

As we’ve already discussed earlier in Kaizen Corner, digital tools can create a lot of value for doing continuous improvement, as many of our customers have seen.

Viima digital continuous improvement software

Shameless plug, but if you’d like to give this a try, you can sign up for Viima and use it for continuous improvement with all of your employees – completely for free and for as long as you’d like to.

Key challenges in Continuous Improvement

Before we wrap up this quite an extensive guide to continuous improvement, it’s still important to cover what the key challenges related to continuous improvement are likely to be, and where you might go wrong so that you don’t have the make some of the more common mistakes.

Not having the resources and the commitment for implementation

The first, and probably most common mistake is to just get excited about continuous improvement, ask everyone for their ideas, and then realize that there’s a lot that would need to be worked on, but you don’t have the resources to really implement any of them.

And if you don’t implement the ideas or fix the problems, nothing obviously happens. So, if you’re thinking of doing continuous improvement at the scale of the entire organization, make sure management is onboard and committed to the process, and that you really have enough resources across the organization to implement many of the suggestions that are created.

If you’d just like to start doing continuous improvement in your own team or unit, then the same principles still very much apply, except now you only need approval within your team, instead of having to get the entire top management behind the initiative. This is why we often recommend starting small and proving the value of continuous improvement before scaling the effort to be companywide.

Unclear roles and responsibilities

Another classic challenge comes from having unclear roles and responsibilities. If you don’t have a clear process where people know their own role, and are committed to manage their responsibilities, it’s quite likely that you’ll start to see quite a lot of ideas fall between the cracks, and that again leads to no tangible results, but also frustrated employees.

What we usually recommend is to agree in advance of the initiative on who is responsible and for what. This includes obviously different kinds of ideas, their evaluation and decision-making related to them, but also communication and community management.

This is super simple to do, and it can you save you from a lot of trouble and frustration down the road.

Too slow feedback cycle

As we discussed above, continuous improvement is an iterative process. So, as you keep making improvements all the time, the more of them you can make in the same amount of time, the better the results will usually be.

The technical term for this is throughput , and you can generally improve it by adding resources, and by parallelizing the work so that more people are working on improvements at any given time.

However, an even bigger issue for most organizations is the cycle time of the process . This is the time it takes for an improvement suggestion to actually be implemented. The faster your cycle time is, the more throughput you can also achieve.

pace-of-innovation-kpis

However, an even more important thing to realize is that it’s only after you’ve implemented the improvement, that you can start to analyze the results and learn from them. And, as we’ve learned, the first version of any improvement is with very few exceptions, quite far from the best possible version of it.

So, the faster your cycle time, the quicker you learn, and the quicker you can thus make further improvements, which again fuels the cycle of improvement.

On the other hand, if it for example takes forever to get decisions made, or if one person is a bottleneck for implementation, your continuous improvement results may get crippled.

So, pay special attention to the average cycle times of your process!

Not including all employees in the process

As you might have figure by now, it’s impossible to know where the best ideas might come from in advance. So, if you decide to exclude some people from the process, you might lose ideas worth millions without having the faintest clue of that being the case.

What often makes the situation worse is that the people who get excluded are typically those on the frontlines of the company, and at least in our experience, that’s where the vast majority of good ideas and improvement suggestions (that haven’t already been implemented) come from, and the reason for that is also pretty natural: if management is aware of a significant issue, they will probably address it, and the further away the management is from an issue, the less likely it is to know of it.

With modern technology, it’s quick, easy, and cheap to include everyone in the process, so there really shouldn’t be any excuses for not including them.

Plus, by engaging everyone in the process, you show that you care about people’s insights and expertise and can shape a more proactive and engaged culture.

Continuous Improvement Best Practices

To wrap up this article, we have a few concrete recommendations and best practices for those of you who are looking to either get started with continuous improvement, or that are looking to get better at it.

There are obviously many things you could do to try to achieve that, so we've focused on just the few that are very practical and relevant for everyone regardless of how advanced you are, what you're looking to achieve with continuous improvement, or what your industry is.

Embed CI in daily processes

The first, and perhaps the most important point is to make sure that continuous improvement really is a part of people’s everyday job.

continuous-improvement-daily-processes

For example, if you have a weekly team meeting, have everyone report at least one improvement (no matter how small) they’ve identified, and another that they’ve also implemented every week in front of the entire team. By doing that, you not just communicate the importance of continuous improvement, but also put a forcing function for getting started, and once people realize how beneficial it is, they will start to love the feeling of constantly getting better and getting recognition from their peers.

Coach & educate employees on what to look for

As we've covered earlier in the article, employees play an extremely important part in getting results with continuous improvement. You can't just manage it entirely top-down, you do really need to get everyone  involved.

However, most employees might not be very familiar with continuous improvement, so whenever you get started with it, make sure you teach the basics of the concept, but more importantly, what it is that they should really be looking for.

It usually makes sense to both look for very tangible problems or issues, but also areas where there’s clearly room for improvement, even if there isn’t a problem per se.

The best ways for doing this vary quite a bit depending on the type of business you’re in, but generally there are a couple of common categories for this:

  • Repetitive problems or requests from customers (“I wish you had…”)
  • Waste material or products
  • Time spent waiting for something or someone (utilization rate)
  • Quality issues such as irregularities or exceptions
  • Poor planning or overburdening of either people or machines

By just having a super simple checklist like this to remind people of the most common sources of improvement suggestions, you can easily help them focus on whatever it is that matters the most for your business, and once they understand the role this can play in helping the company, and thus themselves, succeed, getting employees engaged is very rarely a challenge.

CI Toolkit slim banner

To help you get started, we’ve put all this information into a convenient presentation, together with a number of practical tools, templates, and examples that you can use to drive results within your organization and understand how it works in practice. You can download it from here . 

Continuously improve your continuous improvement process

You probably saw this one coming, didn’t you?

Continuous improvement is all about committing to the systematic pursuit of excellence, and not being satisfied with the status quo. While that’s obviously true for your products, services, and processes, it’s very much the case for your continuous improvement processes as well!

So, monitor your CI processes closely, track your throughput and your cycle times, as well as the value you’re creating with the process, and make sure that you’re always moving in the right direction.

In some industries, people are often fanatical about continuous improvement and lean, and for the most part, for good reason.

Continuous improvement is what really enables a company to achieve operational excellence, but it’s also super important for those pursuing innovation and for those looking to create or scale new businesses. In other words, it’s important for every organization that is looking to do better.

So, if you don’t already have a systematic process in place for continuous improvement, I’d highly recommend getting started!

Every continuous improvement program needs the input of employees and Viima can support your needs, every step of the way, from idea collection to implementation. See it in action.  Book a demo!

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Presentation Geeks

How To Make Presentations Interactive: Our Top 10 Tips

Table of contents.

Feeling like your presentations have reached a plateau? Are you looking to incorporate something which brings a spark back into your presentation and ignites the excitement in your audience?

If so, you probably need to make your presentations more interactive. In a recent study on evaluating the effect of interactive digital presentations on students’ performance during technology class , interactive presentations not only made learning more enjoyable but it actually helped students.

White hand pressing a button on a tablet

With interactive presentations having proven positive results, why wouldn’t you make your next presentation interactive?

Adding interactivity in your slide design will create a more engaging experience for the audience allowing you to share important points easier. Interactivity will help make a longer presentation more enjoyable and will create social interaction amongst a larger audience.

In today’s article, we will share with you different ideas on how to make a presentation interactive that will take into account audience input and get your audience involved.

What Is An Interactive Presentation?

White female with her hand raised in a crowd

An interactive presentation is the accumulation and usage of various engagement methods combined into a format used to share with an audience in an effort to persuade, act or make the audience feel a certain way.

An interactive presentation takes the idea of a presentation one step further by incorporating elements to get them engaged both mentally and physically. Understanding the basics of presentation psychology , the more senses of your audience that you can target, the more memorable your presentation will be.

This is exactly what an interactive presentation manages to do. By having your presentation be interactive, you are able to target more senses of your audience and as a result make your presentation and the contents of your presentation more memorable.

What Makes A Presentation Interactive?

White, red haired woman standing in front of a whiteboard

Now that we know what an interactive presentation is, we need to know what makes a presentation interactive.

To make your presentation interactive, you need to foster an interactive environment. This means an environment in which your audience is engaged. This can be achieved through interactive elements such as videos, games or questions. Essentially anything you add to your presentation which engages the audience more than just having them sit and listen will transform your presentation into an interactive one.

Why Your Presentation Should Be Interactive

Three women sat on chairs discussing how to make presentations interactive

Interactive presentations connect with your audience members more:

Whether it’s a fun icebreaker game or a personal anecdote, interactive presentations make it easier for your audience to connect with you.

If you are trying to influence or persuade your audience, you need to find a way to connect with them. Without the personal connection and your presentation won’t serve your end goal.

Interactive presentations help your audience members remember more:

Similar to visual aids or presentation aids , adding different elements to your presentation encourages people to constantly be engaged with your presentation. The more your audience is actively engaged with your presentation, the more likely they will remember the main points of your presentation. The following tips specifically refers to traditional, in-person presentations, however it is still possible to engage with your audience in a virtual event engagement as well if you are looking for some advice.

10 Ways To Make Your Presentation Interactive

Young white male addressing a crowd of people in a small room

Now that we understand the basics of why your presentation slides should be interactive presentation slides, we’ll go over 10 key points we implement in our own presentation designs and share with you interactive presentation ideas.

1 – Add A Video

One of the first ways you can make your presentation interactive is a method you are probably familiar with and have already incorporated into your own past presentations.

Adding a video is an easy yet impactful way to make your presentation interactive. Videos are interactive and impactful because they take the audience’s attention from the current present somewhere else. It is like a time-traveling machine. Also, it doesn’t take much presentation design skill to insert video elements throughout your presentation.

Videos are also great to use because there is often a lot more time and production value that goes into creating them. You can feature guests who are not currently there in-person and you can even have them address the audience. Think of Cameo for example where celebrities can record short video clips of themselves reading a message of your choosing. If you had a Cameo created for your audience, you can have it embedded in the presentation.

continuity in the presentation of ideas can be achieved through

2 – Incorporate A Quiz

If the desired end result of your presentation is to have your audience remember as much of what you presented as possible, then one of the best ways to do so is by incorporating a quiz. We as a society and people tend to best remember things when we know we are required to. We are required to remember things when we know we will be asked to recall them.

So, at the beginning of your presentation you should inform your audience there will be a quiz at the end. Alternatively, you can sprinkle small quizzes throughout your presentation. This will encourage your audience to mentally take notes in order to be able to recall them later on.

But, be careful in using this tactic.

It works great if you have a cooperative audience but it will backfire if you don’t.

Imagine you told your audience to take a quiz and they all answered incorrectly, even when you warned them ahead of time that there would be a quiz. If even then your audience fails to recall key information, it will reflect badly on you because you either did not have an engaging enough presentation or you delivered the information poorly.

3 – Use A Poll

Similar to a quiz, live polls allow you to get your audience’s feedback in real-time.

Depending on the polling software you use, you can create instant data visualization elements like creating charts of how your audience has responded. This works great if you’re asking a question and want to see the audience’s answer.

If you are starting out fresh and don’t have the means to incorporate polling software in your presentation then don’t worry – the old-fashioned method of simply asking your audience to raise their hands is sufficient. Although it is limited to binary questions which can be answered with a yes or a no, it is still effective as an interactive element.

4 – Turn To Social Media & Use A Hashtag

Your presentation won’t always be limited to the live audience you have physically in front of you. At times, you might have a virtual presentation where your audience is tuning in from across the world. In instances like this, turning to social media is a great tool to keep your presentation interactive.

Turning to social media to engage your audience is great as it incorporates several of the tactics on this list into one. Social media can be used like a real-time forum or discussion group where your audience can be active participants in the discussion by asking questions, discussing amongst one another or even contributing to the ideas you are presenting.

If executed properly, you may even use social media and a branded hashtag as a public relations tactic. This will allow you to reach new audiences which is critical if you’re trying to sell things or establish yourself as a thought-leader in a specific industry.

5 – Use Your Entire Venue Space

Body language is a critical presentation skill you need to master in order to create great presentations. One way to almost guarantee you will have a boring presentation and one the audience will surely forget is by staying in one spot the entire presentation.

Instead, you want to maximize the space you are given and walk around.

Walking around will allow you to get up close and personal with your audience entering their space. If you keep the room divided between “the stage” and “the audience”, then you will have a disconnect. Once you enter the audience’s space, you are creating a new area of interaction.

6 – Use Props

Think back to when you were a kid and you were sitting at school assemblies or listening to presentations. I don’t know about you, but personally, the ones that come to mind easily are the ones that had props!

What might be seen as a gimmick, props are great tools to use especially when you are making a presentation interactive.

Props are tools that you as the presenter can use which can tie the audience in. Think of props as a link. If your presentation is using props that your audience can also use, it breaks down the third-wall of presenting by connecting your audience to you. There doesn’t feel like there are these two, completely separate sections between the audience and the presenter. Everything feels unified.

7 – Do A Demonstration

Depending on the presentation you are engaging in, for example a sales presentation, a demonstration is a great way to get the audience involved.

A demonstration allows you to highlight the real-world benefits of a product or a service. Rather than simply explaining what you or your product can do, show it – especially if it gives you an opportunity to engage your audience.

People don’t want to know they are being sold on something. Oftentimes, they want to be entertained. Try and make your demonstration as entertaining as possible while highlighting the benefits of your product or service.

8 – Let Your Presentation Be Directed By The Audience

A unique way your presentation can be interactive is by having your audience decide how the whole presentation will progress. This is a fun way to get the audience engaged because even you as the presenter will be kept on your toes not knowing 100% how the presentation will unfold.

It will encourage people to get emotionally invested in the presentation and give them a sense of risk or reward. It will also give the audience a sense of autonomy. Unlike other presenters who have a pre-cut presentation like a Ted Talk, having the progression of your slide deck be decided in real-time by the audience in an undeniable strategy on how to make your presentation more interactive.

9 – Add Effects Like Music & Transitions

Presentation effects are a great way to keep your audience’s senses engaged. From visual effects to sound effects, all these small and unique elements can help keep your audience engaged.

You can use music clips, audio files, user-generated content and more to have your audience engaged. These elements work extremely well during live events as it turns the presentation into more of a spectacle rather than a “boring” presentation.

continuity in the presentation of ideas can be achieved through

10 – Incorporate Your Audience In Your Presentation

What might seem like the most obvious option to make a presentation interactive is one which is not executed often enough. To make your presentation more interactive, you need to incorporate your audience.

Whether you use audience questions, sharing video clips like user-generated content or even having a guest speaker, incorporating your audience is the literal definition of having an interactive presentation.

Our Final Thoughts On How To Make Presentations Interactive

White male giving a lecture on how to make presentations interactive

If you are looking for a way to grab your audience’s attention in a digital age where our attention spans are decreasing at alarming rates, making an interactive presentation is your best option.

What might seem daunting can actually be done quite easily if you are open to engaging help of expert presentation designers and consultants . Make a presentation interactive with the help of Presentation Geeks. From adding background music, videos or even self-guided presentations, the experts at Presentation Geeks can do it all.

We hope you found this article helpful. If you’re looking for more great resources on crafting presentations or looking for presentation design support, contact our team at Presentation Geeks to learn more.

Author:  Content Team

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Knight Paorat

Continuity in the Presentation of Ideas Can Be Achieved Through All of the Following Except

Business continuity is an organization's ability to maintain essential functions during and after a disaster has occurred. Business continuity planning establishes risk management processes and procedures that aim to prevent interruptions to mission-critical services, and reestablish full function to the organization as quickly and smoothly as possible.

The most basic business continuity requirement is to keep essential functions up and running during a disaster and to recover with as little downtime as possible. A business continuity plan considers various unpredictable events, such as natural disasters, fires, disease outbreaks, cyberattacks and other external threats.

Business continuity is important for organizations of any size, but it might not be practical for any but the largest enterprises to maintain all functions for the duration of a disaster. According to many experts, the first step in business continuity planning is deciding what functions are essential and allocating the available budget accordingly. Once crucial components have been identified, administrators can put failover mechanisms in place.

Technologies such as disk mirroring enable an organization to maintain up-to-date copies of data in geographically dispersed locations, not just in the primary data center. This enables data access to continue uninterrupted if one location is disabled and protects against data loss.

Why is business continuity important?

At a time when downtime is unacceptable, business continuity is critical. Downtime comes from a variety of sources. Some threats, such as cyberattacks and extreme weather, seem to be getting worse. It's important to have a business continuity plan in place that considers any potential disruptions to operations.

The plan should enable the organization to keep running at least at a minimal level during a crisis. Business continuity helps the organization maintain resiliency, in responding quickly to an interruption. Strong business continuity saves money, time and company reputation. An extended outage risks financial, personal and reputational loss.

Business continuity requires an organization to take a look at itself, analyze potential areas of weakness and gather key information -- such as contact lists and technical diagrams of systems -- that can be useful outside of disaster situations. In undertaking the business continuity planning process, an organization can improve its communication, technology and resilience.

Business continuity might even be a requirement for legal or compliance reasons. Especially in an era of increased regulation, it's important to understand which regulations affect a given organization.

What does business continuity include?

Business continuity is a proactive way to ensure mission-critical operations proceed during a disruption. A comprehensive plan includes contact information, steps for what to do when faced with a variety of incidents and a guide for when to use the document.

Business continuity features clear guidelines for what an organization must do to maintain operations. If the time comes for response, there should be no question about how to move forward with business processes. The company, customers and employees are all potentially at stake.

Proper business continuity includes different levels of response. Not everything is mission-critical, so it's important to lay out what is most vital to keep running, and what could stand to come back online at later times. It's crucial to be honest about recovery time objectives and recovery point objectives.

The process includes the whole organization, from executive management on down. Although IT might drive the business continuity, it's essential to get buy-in from management and communicate key information to the entire organization. One other important area of collaboration is with the security team -- although the two groups often work separately, an organization can gain a lot by sharing information across these departments. At the very least, everyone should know the basic steps for how the organization plans to respond.

Three key components of a business continuity plan

A business continuity plan has three key elements: Resilience, recovery and contingency.

An organization can increase resilience by designing critical functions and infrastructures with various disaster possibilities in mind; this can include staffing rotations, data redundancy and maintaining a surplus of capacity. Ensuring resiliency against different scenarios can also help organizations maintain essential services on location and off site without interruption.

Rapid recovery to restore business functions after a disaster is crucial. Setting recovery time objectives for different systems, networks or applications can help prioritize which elements must be recovered first. Other recovery strategies include resource inventories, agreements with third parties to take on company activity and using converted spaces for mission-critical functions.

A contingency plan has procedures in place for a variety of external scenarios and can include a chain of command that distributes responsibilities within the organization. These responsibilities can include hardware replacement, leasing emergency office spaces, damage assessment and contracting third-party vendors for assistance.

Business continuity standards

Table 1 lists the standards in the ISO 223XX Series that apply to business continuity and related activities. The ISO 22398 and 22399 standards are also worth a look.

The ISO 223XX Series -- Societal Security

Table 2 lists the Business Continuity Institute's Good Practice Guidelines. The guidelines provide a comprehensive foundation for understanding the business continuity process, and they map closely to the ISO 22301 standard.

U.K. Standards and Good Practices

Table 3 provides a partial listing of standards, regulations and good practices developed in the U.S. by several different organizations such as ASIS International, the National Fire Protection Association, the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council, the Information Systems Audit and Control Association, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the National Institute for Standards and Technology.

U.S. BC/DR Standards and Good Practices

Business continuity vs. disaster recovery

Like a business continuity plan, disaster recovery planning specifies an organization's planned strategies for post-failure procedures. However, a disaster recovery plan is just a subset of business continuity planning.

Disaster recovery plans are mainly data focused, concentrating on storing data in a way that can be more easily accessed following a disaster. Business continuity takes this into account, but also focuses on the risk management, oversight and planning an organization needs to stay operational during a disruption.

Business continuity and disaster recovery planning

Business continuity development

Business continuity starts with initiating the planning project. Business impact analysis (BIA) and risk assessment are essential steps in gathering information for the plan.

Conducting a BIA can reveal any possible weaknesses, as well as the consequences of a disaster on various departments. The BIA report informs an organization of the most crucial functions and systems to prioritize in a business continuity plan.

A risk assessment identifies potential hazards to an organization, such as natural disasters, cyberattacks or technology failures. Risks can affect staff, customers, building operations and company reputation. The assessment also details what or who a risk could harm, and the likeliness of the risks.

The BIA and risk assessment work hand in hand. The BIA provides details on potential effects to the possible disruptions outlined in the risk assessment.

Business continuity management

It's important to designate who will manage business continuity. It could be one person, if it's a small business, or it could be a whole team for a larger organization. Business continuity management software is also an option. Software -- either on premises or cloud-based -- helps conduct BIAs, create and update plans and pinpoint areas of risk.

Business continuity is an evolving process. As such, an organization's business continuity plan shouldn't just sit on a shelf. The organization should communicate its contents to as many people as possible. Implementation of business continuity isn't just for times of crisis; the organization should have training exercises, so employees know what they'll be doing in the event of an actual disruption.

Business continuity testing is critical to its success. It's difficult to know if a plan is going to work if it hasn't been tested. A business continuity test can be as simple as a tabletop exercise, where staff discuss what will happen in an emergency. More rigorous testing includes a full emergency simulation. An organization can plan the test in advance or perform it without notice to better mimic a crisis.

Once the organization completes a test, it should review how it went and update the plan accordingly. It's likely that some parts of the plan will go well but other actions might need adjusting. A regular schedule for testing is helpful, especially if the business changes its operations and staff frequently. Comprehensive business continuity undergoes continual testing, review and updating.

Business Continuity Institute

The Business Continuity Institute (BCI) is a global professional organization that provides education, research, professional accreditation, certification, networking opportunities, leadership and guidance on business continuity and organizational resilience.

The BCI, which is based in the United Kingdom, was established in 1994 and features about 8,000 members in more than 100 countries, in the public and private sectors. Business continuity professionals and those interested in the field can use the products and services available from the BCI.

The BCI's objectives and work includes raising standards in business continuity, sharing business continuity best practices, training and certifying BC professionals, raising the value of the BC profession and developing the business case for business continuity.

The institute's many published resources include its Good Practice Guidelines, which offers guidance for identifying business continuity activities that can support strategic planning.

Professional membership in the BCI conveys an internationally recognized status -- certification demonstrates a member's proficiency in business continuity management.

BCI Chapters have been established in countries or regions where there is a large community of members. The Chapters, which include the United States, Japan and India, have locally elected officers who represent the BCI in their region.

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Source: https://www.techtarget.com/searchdisasterrecovery/definition/business-continuity

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Ways to Structure Your Presentation’s Flow

February 10, 2023 / Blog

continuity in the presentation of ideas can be achieved through

A well-structured presentation can make the difference between a forgettable and an impactful one.

Let’s explore ways to structure your presentation’s flow to help you engage your audience and achieve your desired outcomes.

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Start with a clear objective.

Starting with a clear objective is the foundation for a well-structured presentation.

Define what you want to achieve

Consider the message you want to convey, actions you want your audience to take, and outcomes you hope to achieve. Setting clear objectives will help you create a presentation that is focused, concise, and impactful.

Identify your audience

Consider your audience, their interests, and the takeaways you want them to get from your presentation. Your audience’s information will help you tailor your content to meet their needs and make sure that your presentation is relevant and engaging.

Tailor your content

Once you have defined your objectives and identified your audience, begin tailoring your content to meet your objectives and the needs of your audience.

Tailoring your content might involve adding or removing certain points, using different visual aids, or adjusting the length of your presentation. In doing so, you will ensure that your presentation is both effective and efficient.

Create a storyline

Creating a storyline guides the audience through your content, making your presentation easy to follow and memorable.

Use an easy-to-follow structure

A well-structured presentation should have a clear and concise storyline that guides the audience through your content.

Consider using a traditional structure such as an introduction, main body, and conclusion, or use a more creative structure that fits your topic and audience.

Identify key points

Once you have a clear structure in place, you can begin to identify the key points that you want to cover.

The key points are the most important messages you want your audience to remember. Consider what information you need to convey and what examples or case studies you can use to support your points.

Use the storyline to guide the audience

Once you have identified your key points, you can use your storyline to guide the audience through your presentation.

Start with an introduction that sets the stage and grabs their attention, then move on to your main points, using clear transitions to move from one point to the next. Finally, use a conclusion to summarize the key points and leave a lasting impression.

continuity in the presentation of ideas can be achieved through

Use a logical flow

Engage your audience by implementing a clear and easy-to-follow structure.

Sequence your points

When creating your presentation, it’s important to sequence your points in a logical and easy-to-follow manner.

Be mindful of the order in which you want to present your information and how each point builds upon the previous one.

Use transitions

Transitions are the elements that connect one point to the next in your presentation. They help to bridge the gap between points and provide a seamless flow.

Use visual or verbal cues like slides or bullet points to help your audience follow your presentation.

Avoid jumps and leaps in logic

When sequencing your points, it’s important to avoid jumps and leaps in logic.

Make sure that your points flow logically from one to the next, and that there are no sudden shifts or surprises that could throw your audience off. If you need to make a major transition, consider using a visual or verbal cue to help bridge the gap.

continuity in the presentation of ideas can be achieved through

Incorporate visual aids

Use visual aids to keep your audience engaged and interested throughout the presentation.

Keep it simple

When using visual aids, it’s important to keep them simple and relevant to your content.

Avoid using complex or overly busy graphics that could distract your audience or detract from your message. Instead, focus on using visual aids that reinforce and enhance your key points.

Use relevant images and videos

Images and videos can be powerful visual aids that help to reinforce your message and make it more memorable.

When selecting images or videos, make sure they are relevant and appropriate for your audience, and that they support and enhance your content.

Use color and text wisely

Color and text are important elements of any visual aid, and they can be used to grab your audience’s attention, reinforce your message, or create a visual hierarchy.

Use colors and texts wisely, considering factors such as contrast, readability, and accessibility.

Use animated transitions

Animated transitions can help to create a smooth and engaging flow between your visual aids.

Use animated transitions judiciously. Also, avoid using too many of them or using ones that are too long or distracting.

Incorporate infographics

Infographics can be an effective way to present complex information in a simple and visually appealing way.

When using infographics, make sure to keep them simple, relevant, and easy to understand, and to use them in a way that supports and enhances your content.

continuity in the presentation of ideas can be achieved through

The role of presentation design agencies

Presentation design agencies can help you structure your presentation in a way that delivers your message more effectively and engages your audience.

Expertise and experience

Presentation design agencies have a wealth of expertise and experience in creating visually appealing and effective presentations. They have the skills, knowledge, and resources to help you create a professional, engaging, and impactful presentation.

Customized design solutions

Presentation design agencies offer customized design solutions that are tailored to meet the specific needs of your organization and your target audience. They take into account your brand, your message, and your goals, and create a design that is unique and effective.

Access to cutting-edge tools and technology

Presentation design agencies have access to the latest tools and technology, including graphic design software, video editing software, and more. They use these tools to create visually stunning and impactful presentations that grab your audience’s attention and keep them engaged.

Professionalism and consistency

Presentation design agencies are professional and consistent in their approach to design. They understand the importance of presenting a consistent brand image, and they use their expertise to ensure that your presentations are aligned with your brand and communicate your message effectively.

Time and cost savings

Working with a presentation design agency can save you time and money. By outsourcing your presentation design needs , you can focus on other areas of your business, and you can avoid the costs and time associated with creating presentations in-house.

The structure of your presentation’s flow is critical to its success. It sets the tone and direction of your presentation and helps to keep your audience engaged and focused. Thus, take the time to carefully consider the structure of your presentation, and use the tips and suggestions outlined in this blog to help you create a presentation that is impactful, engaging, and effective.

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18 Ways to Make Presentations More Interactive and Engaging

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Table of Contents

People are 22 times more likely to remember facts when they’re presented in a story framework.

Additionally, studies have confirmed that the human brain understands and remembers images much better than words.

When you present the content in the form of a story and pair your ideas with visual elements, it’s much easier to achieve the presentation goal — to communicate a message that engages the audience and persuades them to take action.

So, if you want to learn how to make an interactive and engaging presentation that will help you stand out as a presenter and make an impact, we have your back.

In this blog post, you’ll learn more about:

  • How an interactive and engaging presentation makes a significant difference,
  • What the greatest benefits of an interactive presentation are,
  • What the most effective ways for incorporating interactive elements into a presentation are, and
  • What experts say about how to make a presentation more engaging.

So, let’s rock your next presentation!

Ways to make presentations more interactive-cover

What is an interactive presentation?

As the name suggests, an interactive presentation is a dynamic type of presentation the audience can interact with. 

If you’ve wondered how to modify your audience experience from passive to active and engaging, incorporating interactive elements into a presentation is a key answer. 

To support greater interactivity and engagement, you can rely on various ways of presenting information such as using:

  • Video or audio material, 
  • Charts, and

Along with leveraging these elements, the storytelling framework is the most powerful tool for making a presentation interactive and keeping the audience engaged .

But, before we dive into the most compelling ways of making interactive and engaging presentations, let’s clarify why an interactive presentation makes a difference and highlight the greatest benefits that shape your audience’s experience. 

4 Main benefits of interactive presentations

Most presenters focus primarily on themselves in order to stand out with their presentational skills and seem confident of what they are presenting.

However, as with all communication modes, presentation is a two-way process where the audience is involved and should be a priority.

By using interactive elements and making your audience included and connected to the presentation content, you ensure your presentation delivers a message effectively.

Here are the most important benefits that you should keep in mind when making your presentation next time:

  • Interactive presentations resonate more deeply with the audience,
  • Interactive presentations boost the audience’s engagement and increase their attention span,
  • Interactive presentations help the audience understand and retain the content better, and
  • Interactive presentations help presenters to get valid feedback.

So, let’s dig deeper into each of these benefits. 

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Benefit #1: Interactive presentations resonate more deeply with the audience

In her influential work Resonate: Present Visual Stories that Transform Audiences , Nancy Duarte emphasizes the importance of making a presentation resonate with the audience. This is the key step for making an impact and moving them to action.

According to her, a presentation is a powerful persuasive tool for transforming the audience, but only if it’s packaged in storytelling — the most powerful tool for delivering information . 

Using a story framework is much more than entertaining the listeners. 

Duarte says: 

“ Information is static; stories are dynamic — they help an audience visualize what you do or what you believe. Tell a story, and people will be more engaged and receptive to the ideas you are communicating. “

With a compelling story, a presenter can easily arouse the audience’s emotions and vivid imagination, which certainly helps them understand and memorize the message. 

Benefit #2: Interactive presentations boost the audience’s engagement and increase their attention span 

An effective presentation is a two-way process ― it communicates a message that engages listeners, so both sides should be involved. 

To achieve so, successful presenters leverage interactive elements and include stories in the presentation content to:

  • Get the audience to listen actively,
  • Increase their attention span, and
  • Keep them interested.

Furthermore, researchers are confident that storytelling is the best engagement tool. 

Based on neuroscience evidence , people react differently to descriptive and non-descriptive information. 

Namely, descriptive information presented in story frameworks engages with the whole brain — it triggers the sensory cortex, which is responsible for perceiving sensory experience. 

On the other hand, non-descriptive information activates the part of the brain that is responsible for language processing. Thus, we simply process non-descriptive information but do not experience it. 

Furthermore, keeping your audience engaged is an effective way for holding their attention. 

Benefit #3: Interactive presentations help the audience understand and retain the content better

When building a presentation, we should keep in mind our primary goal — to get the point across. 

Thus, we need to ensure that listeners understand and memorize the content. To accomplish that, making an interactive presentation is a key step. 

As we previously mentioned, conceptualizing the topic in the form of a story is a far more effective way to present information, than relying on raw data. 

According to the Harvard Business Publishing Corporate Learning article : 

“ Storytelling helps with learning because stories are easy to remember. Organizational psychologist Peg Neuhauser found that learning that stems from a well-told story is remembered more accurately, and for far longer, than learning derived from facts and figures. ” 

Therefore, storytellers are more influential presenters — along with entertaining their audience, they make a lasting impact by helping their listeners understand information better and remember it.

Moreover, studies have confirmed the positive impact of interactive digital presentations on the student’s learning process, which consequently improved their memorization.

Our contributors and experienced professionals believe better retention is the greatest benefit of the interactive presentation. 

Here is what Edoardo Binda Zane , a communication and leadership expert, says about the power of interactive presentation: 

Edoardo Binda Zane

“ Think of any presentation you have been given that has not involved you, and that was just a person blaring information at you. After a while, your attention fades away because you are not feeling involved or part of the presentation itself — you might as well be watching a video or listening to a podcast on the topic. Interaction turns the whole event into a dialogue where you also feel heard, and with that comes a stronger drive to pay attention and retain information. ”

Thus, an interactive presentation is an effective tool for making the audience involved, which consequently helps them to stay focused and remember important information.  

Benefit #4: Interactive presentations help presenters to get valid feedback

Interactive presentations might also bring value to presenters. When you involve your audience and allow them to be heard, you learn more about their needs and points of view, so you can improve your presentation skills in the future. 

Here’s what Trish Nitschke , a communication professional, said: 

Trish Nitschke

“ From a speaker perspective, it’s much easier to get buy-in and support from your audience when the live results validate the points you are making .”

Similarly, Dr. Raffaello Antonino , a senior lecturer in counseling psychology, is aware of the influence of interactive presentations on establishing a strong relationship between the presenter and listeners:

Dr. Raffaello Antonino

“ A less known benefit of interactive presentations is that they can also help to build trust between the presenter and the audience. By encouraging the audience to participate and share their thoughts and opinions, the presenter demonstrates that they value the audience’s input and are open to feedback. This can help to establish a strong relationship between the presenter and the audience, which can be useful in a variety of settings — from sales presentations to educational lectures. ”

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Public speaking anxiety is one of the most common social fears. To learn how to deal with anxiety before a presentation, make sure to read our blog post:

  • How not to be nervous for a presentation

18 Ways for making interactive and engaging presentations

Considering all this evidence that explains the power of interactive and engaging presentations, we can modify the presentation skills that will bring us better results. 

So, let’s see what the best ways for making an interactive and engaging presentation are.

Way #1: Research the audience and the topic 

Research is an essential step in creating an effective presentation. To make it interactive, it’s crucial to understand your audience — how they think and what they want to know. 

Try to answer these questions:

  • Why is your audience here?
  • What are their expectations?
  • What are their motivations?
  • What do they want to know?
  • What will keep them engaged?

Once you’ve had these answers, making a good presentation is much easier than you thought. 

Here is what Steve Gamlin , a speaker, author, and visualization coach, had to say on this topic: 

Steve Gamlin

“ Prior to an event, have conversations with them (or the event planners). Understand their biggest pains/challenges. Ask for examples of successes they have enjoyed, or awards they have achieved. Learn some of their ‘industry lingo’ and use it properly. Be aware of their city/town and insert local references when possible (local sports teams, big events, etc). ”  

A human resource generalist at COING, Ena Popovic , is also well aware that researching a topic is essential: 

Ena Popovic

“ Behind every good presentation is time invested in detailed research about the topic. ”

Thus, aside from getting familiar with the audience’s expectations and point of view, giving a great presentation means that you’re the expert in the topic.  

Way #2: Use icebreakers or a round of creative personal introductions to start 

An icebreaker has a role to break the ice between the presenter and the audience — it helps both sides to feel comfortable and get connected. 

Ena Popovic adds:

“ The objective here is to get your audience’s undivided attention. By using an icebreaker or creative personal introductions at the very beginning, you set the tone for the rest of the presentation. ”

To break the ice effectively, you should know your audience and be aware of their similarities and differences. Also, bear in mind the audience size. 

If you present to a small audience of 2-10 people, you can start with a word game or introduction with a twist, so everyone has to say something unusual about them. 

However, when presenting to a large group of people, you should consider other types of icebreakers, such as brainstorming sessions or splitting them into smaller groups and playing a game.

To learn more about how to run effective virtual ice breaker sessions, check out our blog post:

  • 150 Ice breaker questions for virtual meetings

Way #3: Follow the 10/20/30 rule of PowerPoint

A popular speaker and a best-seller author, Guy Kawasaki, suggested a method of the 10/20/30 rule of PowerPoint. It implies 3 main rules for making an effective presentation .

  • The optimal number of presentation slides is 10 : He explained: “ This is because a normal human being cannot comprehend more than 10 concepts in a meeting .”
  • Presentations shouldn’t last more than 20 minutes : If a presentation lasts longer, the audience will more likely feel daunted, which leads to less focus and motivation to follow the presentation flow.
  • Good presenters use no less than 30-point font : Firstly, this way, you ensure you don’t include too much text on a slide. Secondly, fewer words force presenters to know the content deeply. Kawasaki believed the worst mistake a presenter can make is not being prepared sufficiently.

If you want to learn more about how to prepare for a presentation and stand out with your presentation skills, check out our guide:

  • How to prepare for a presentation: Your 9-step guide to a successful presentation

Way #4: Use the non-linear flow of your interactive presentation

The non-linear flow of presentation allows navigation through the content without following a fixed path. 

By adding hyperlinks or action buttons, you can quickly jump over the slides and make a presentation more interactive. 

The non-linear style of presentation goes beyond regular structure in more ways:

  • It increases audience engagement,
  • It encourages participation, and
  • It enables following directions of the audience’s interests and questions.

Way #5: Incorporate multimedia elements

Leveraging multimedia elements is a powerful method for making interactive presentations that make your audience engaged and focused. 

You can make multimedia experience using various forms such as:

  • Interactive slides,
  • Images, and
  • Infographics.

As we mentioned earlier, it’s easier to remember pictures than words. Thus, make sure to take advantage of visual aids to help your listeners better understand and remember important information.

Visual data can efficiently convey a message to your audience. This is especially important when you need to explain complex concepts.

Moreover, according to research , visual aids are a powerful persuasion tool. Namely, presentations with visual elements have a greater impact on audience response. 

Simply put, if you want to motivate your audience to take action, make sure to add visuals. 

Additionally, we can use visual metaphors to take greater advantage of visual aids and make our messages more understandable and memorable. 

So, let’s consider the following steps that make this process successful:

Step #1: Make a list of a few key messages in advance

First of all, ponder over the main ideas you want your audience to pay attention to and remember. Jot them down, and make sure to focus on them when presenting. 

For instance, if you present your SEO results to the team, you probably want to outline the growth of your website on the search engine results pages for the last quarter.  

Step #2: Find relevant images that fit your keyword(s)

Try to figure out what image is relevant to represent your key ideas. 

In our previous example about SEO results, it could be a rocketship taking off or a man climbing stairs. 

Way #6: Add something funny

Ena Popovic usually takes advantage of incorporating funny images into presentations: 

“They help to make your talk not so boring. Images, videos, and even GIFs can add a visual element that will help draw attention back to your slides and give people something else to focus on.”

Thus, visual cues go beyond better retention — they can easily entertain your audience and hold their attention.  

Also, Ena highlights the importance of making a positive atmosphere by using humor:

“ Showing your personality and sense of humor can lighten the mood and build good rapport with the crowd. The participants are more likely to remember you if you make them laugh and in turn remember your ideas and key points. ”

Humor ensures your presentation is memorable, so make sure to use relevant funny quotes or analogies that will engage your listeners. 

Way #7: Include interactive charts or graphs to show numbers or statistics

In some presentations, numbers and statistics are the key points that the audience has to pay attention to. 

Instead of presenting the raw data, try to convert them into charts or graphs that people will understand and remember better. 

This way, they digest information much more easily. 

Way #8: Be aware of the F-shaped pattern

A key step in creating an engaging presentation is getting familiar with what engages the brain. 

Fortunately, the eye-tracking study has revealed how people typically read and consume content, which is a great help for all presenters to organize their content on slides wisely. 

Namely, the evidence has shown that people read web pages in an F-shaped pattern, so they favor the top and left sides. 

Therefore, presenters should avoid using bullet points, since they don’t support scanning behavior. Making things worse, bullet points may lead to your audience feeling cognitively overwhelmed and distracted from what you’re saying.

According to the Harvard Business Review article : 

“ Bullet points are the least effective way to get your point across. Take Steve Jobs, considered to be one of the most extraordinary presenters of his time. He rarely showed slides with just text and bullets. He used photos and text instead. ”

So, instead of bullet points, try to deliver important information according to the F-shaped pattern.

Way #9: Turn the presentation into a story

Now that we’re confident storytelling is a powerful tool for engaging the audience, the question is: How do we incorporate it into a presentation?

First of all, no matter whether your presentation covers data-heavy content or not, it can be turned into an inspiring story. 

You just need to follow the next steps that ensure your story is a good fit for your presentation:

  • Know your audience : We’ve already concluded that knowing your audience well is critical to connecting with them. But, aside from understanding their interests and motivations, it’s important to understand whether and how much they are familiar with the topic. Duarte says: “ It’s important to know your audience so that you can understand how your views are both similar to and different from theirs ”.
  • Clarify your objective: Secondly, getting clear on your presentation goals is equally important as understanding your listeners. This way, you ensure that your presentation objective aligns with your audience’s goal. For example, if you’re making a sales presentation, your goal here is clear: you want to motivate prospects to become paying customers. On the other hand, their goal is to get relevant information and grasp whether your service/product can help them solve a problem. 
  • Set the basic structure: Once you’re familiar with your audience’s goal and your presentation objective, it’s time to set the basic structure that defines the beginning, middle, and end of the presentation.
  • Add details: Finally, don’t forget to add details that vividly present your ideas. This is a key step for making your story compelling and enticing.

Way #10: Set the basic structure of your story 

If you’re creating an educational presentation, at the beginning of your story, make your listeners aware of the importance of the topic, and motivate them to learn more about it. On the other hand, in sales presentations, you should discuss pain points that can be solved by the product/service you’re offering. 

Nancy Duarte calls the beginning of the story a “call to adventure” , because you call your listeners to leave their comfort zone. 

She states: 

“ The first turning point to occur in a presentation is the call to adventure, which triggers a significant shift in the content. The call to adventure asks the audience to jump into a situation that, unbeknownst to them, requires their attention and action. This moment sets the presentation in motion. ”

She also added: 

“You can use historical information about what has been or the current state of what is, which often includes the problem you’re currently facing. You should deliver a concise formulation of what everyone agrees is true .” 

When creating a compelling beginning of the story , the goal is to make your audience see the contrast between what is and what could be.

Turning point 1

According to Nancy, in the middle of the story , the focus is on contrast. This is because a presenter has a role to make and resolve a problem through contrast. That way, the audience pays attention and stays interested. 

Even though presenters typically end with a call to action , a more inspirational way to do so is to include “the picture of the potential reward”.

Turning point 2

Way #11: Give it a personal touch 

Ena Popovic pointed out that storytelling should include personal touch:

“ Personal stories have the power to connect us with others. If you are able to find a link between the information presented and your day-to-day life or experiences, take advantage of the pull that this resource can generate .”

Thus, adding a personal touch helps presenters to appear more relatable — this way, you can show your vulnerability, which helps your listeners get emotionally involved.

Way #12: Make the presentation more conversational 

To encourage the presentation to be more of a dialogue, ask whether your listeners have a question before you move to the next slide. 

In addition, Ena suggests encouraging your audience to participate and surprising your audience in the following way:

“Hide small pieces of interesting information within the presentation itself. It could be a video, audio, or new information. Hide it and let the audience track them.”

That way, you encourage the participants to think actively and find the answers by themselves. This practice is a good option for turning passive audiences into active participants. 

Way #13: Encourage the audience to participate 

You can use different strategies to make your audience participate, but Ena suggests dividing into small groups:

“ Try dividing your participants into small groups to conduct a short task, then feed back their findings into your key presentation points. This makes them feel important, builds trust, and radically increases engagement levels. ”

This way, you also encourage your audience to collaborate and exchange their ideas and thoughts.

Way #14: Add a Q&As and discussion session

According to Edoardo Binda Zane, asking questions is a powerful technique to engage the audience: 

“ By far, the most effective tactic is to ask questions to the audience or involve them. Even something as simple as ‘Raise your hand if…’ can make a world of a difference. In remote communication, you can also do something similar.” 

If you need to present remotely, you can take advantage of your business communication software’s video conferencing option and share your screen to communicate complex ideas clearly, so everyone is on the same page.

Way #15: Listen to feedback

Aside from engaging the participants and making them feel heard, asking questions is a great method to get feedback.  This can dramatically improve the quality of your speech and presentations in the future.

Therefore, listen to the audience’s questions and comments well, and use this data when creating your next presentation.

For example, if you notice that the participants don’t understand some concepts from your presentation well, in the future, incorporate examples that will fill the gap.

Way #16: Make an eye contact 

The great importance of eye contact is usually overlooked. However, this is a powerful tool for making connections with your listeners and conveying your confidence. 

Plus, it helps you deliver your message effectively and facilitate your audience’s engagement.

Secure, real-time communication for professionals.

Way #17: End on a more serious tone 

Presenters have to end a presentation effectively. 

Ena advises considering the two following practices:

  • End on a more serious tone, and
  • Add a reflection at the very end. 

She elaborates:

“When all is said and done, you will want the audience to remember the core concepts and keep thinking about what you have said after the presentation is over. This is why you should let things naturally calm down and end with an important idea, quote or even a question.”

Way #18: Add a reflection at the very end

A good way to end your presentation is asking reflective questions, which help your audience to think about what they just learned and how they can take advantage of that knowledge. 

Here’s what Ena says about this practice:

“ Reflective questions make sure the presentation receives a good ending. A reflective question gives you an idea of the audience’s take-away from the presentation while encouraging them to share their feedback and inputs.”

You can ask your listeners the following questions:

  • “What did you learn from the presentation that you didn’t know before?” , or
  • “ How will you use that knowledge in the future?”

Hold your amazing presentations over Pumble

If you work remotely but still have to hold a presentation or have remote coworkers who can’t make it for your in-person presentation, Pumble is the perfect solution. 

Thanks to the video conferencing feature, you can gather all your colleagues in one place and hold a presentation for them. 

Furthermore, the screen-sharing option allows you to share the presentation slides with other participants in the call, making your presentation more engaging. 

Screen-sharing on a video call via Pumble

If timing is particularly important, Pumble offers reminders that can pop up in your personal chat at specific times to remind you to say or do something during your presentation. 

Finally, since prompting participants to actually participate during a presentation seems to be the hardest job, you can utilize Pumble’s in-call chat to invite people to join in on the discussion, share their opinions, or ask questions. 

With Pumble, your presentations will be more interactive, engaging, and successful! So send that DM or channel message and invite everyone to come and see your presentation!

VisnjaVujnovic

Visnja is a communication author and researcher at Pumble, applying her knowledge about psychology to writing blog posts on business communication and remote work. She is passionate about understanding the ways communication influences organizational behavior, employee satisfaction, and productivity. When she's not writing, she's probably researching various industrial-organizational psychology topics.

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Blog Marketing 15 Interactive Presentation Ideas to Elevate Engagement

15 Interactive Presentation Ideas to Elevate Engagement

Written by: Krystle Wong Aug 04, 2023

Interactive presentation ideas

As attention spans continue to shrink, the challenge of engaging audiences in a short timeframe has never been more significant. Let’s face it — grabbing and keeping your audience’s attention can be quite the challenge, especially when time is ticking away. But fear not, I’ve got the perfect solution: interactive presentations!

Believe it or not, creating an interactive presentation is easier than you might think. In this guide, I’ll show you how to effortlessly turn ordinary slides into captivating experiences with 15 interactive presentation ideas that will leave your audience begging for more. From quirky polls and fun games to storytelling adventures and multimedia magic, these ideas will take your presentation game to the next level.

Venngage is a game-changer when it comes to empowering interactive presentations. With just a few clicks, users can customize their favorite presentation templates , add multimedia content and create immersive experiences that leave a lasting impact. Whether you’re a seasoned presenter or a newcomer, get started with Venngage to elevate your presentation game to new heights of engagement and creativity.

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What is an interactive presentation?

15 ways to make a presentation interactive, 7 best interactive presentation software, what are some common mistakes to avoid when creating interactive presentations, interactive presentation faqs, how to create an interactive presentation with venngage.

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An interactive presentation is a dynamic and engaging communication format that involves active participation and collaboration between the presenter and the audience. Unlike traditional presentations where information is delivered in a one-way manner, interactive presentations invite the audience to interact, respond and contribute throughout the session.

Think of it as a two-way street where you and your audience have a friendly chat. It’s like playing a fun game where you ask questions, get live feedback and encourage people to share their thoughts. 

To make a good presentation , you can utilize various tools and techniques such as clickable buttons, polls, quizzes, discussions and multimedia elements to transform your slides into an interactive presentation. Whether you’re presenting in-person or giving a virtual presentation — when people are actively participating, they’re more likely to remember the stuff you’re talking about.

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Interactive presentations leave a lasting impression on the audience. By encouraging active participation and feedback, interactive presentations facilitate better understanding and knowledge retention. Here are 15 innovative 5-minute interactive presentation ideas to captivate your audience from start to finish:

1. Ice-breaker questions

Start your presentation with intriguing and thought-provoking questions or a fun icebreaker game. These questions should be designed to pique the audience’s curiosity and encourage them to think about the topic you’ll be covering. By doing so, you create an immediate connection with your audience and set the stage for a more engaged and attentive audience.

For example, if you’re giving a business presentation about management and leadership training, you could ask audience questions such as “What’s the best business advice you’ve ever received, and how has it impacted your career?”

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2. Live polling

Incorporate live polls during your presentation using audience response systems or polling apps. This allows you to collect real-time feedback, opinions and insights from active participants. Live polling encourages active participation and involvement, making your presentation feel like a collaborative and interactive experience.

3. Q&A sessions

Encourage the audience to ask questions throughout your presentation, especially for pitch deck presentations . Address these questions in real-time, which fosters a more interactive and dynamic atmosphere. This approach shows that you value the audience’s input and promotes a two-way communication flow.

4. Clickable buttons

Add clickable buttons to your slides, allowing the audience to navigate to specific sections or external resources at their own pace. For example, you could include links to your social media accounts or extra reading materials in your education presentation to give further information about the topic and get your students engaged.

By providing this autonomy, you empower the audience to explore areas of particular interest, creating a more personalized and engaging experience through your interactive slideshow.

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5. Storytelling

Incorporate anecdotes or personal stories related to your topic. Storytelling is a powerful way to emotionally connect with your audience, making your presentation more relatable and memorable. A little storytelling along with a set of creative slides draws the audience in and keeps them engaged as they follow the narrative.

6. Interactive charts and graphs

Use interactive charts and graphs that respond to user input to make your presentation interactive. For instance, allow the audience to click on data points to view more detailed information or to change the displayed data series. Creating charts with interactive visuals help the audience interact with the data, fostering better understanding and engagement.

7. Animated infographics

Add animations to your infographics, making them visually dynamic and progressive. Animated infographics reveal information gradually, keeping the audience curious and attentive. This transforms complex data into an easily digestible and engaging format.

Venngage’s extensive library of infographic templates is a powerful tool to visualize data and elevate the interactivity of your presentations. Personalizing the visuals ensures a cohesive and professional look throughout your interactive presentation. The templates are highly customizable, allowing you to adjust colors, fonts, and styles to match your presentation’s theme and branding. 

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8. Gamification

Introduce an interactive quiz, puzzles, or challenges related to your presentation content. Gamification adds an element of fun and competition, motivating the audience to participate actively and boosting their learning experience. Here are some gaming presentation templates you could use. 

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9. Virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR)

If applicable, leverage VR or AR technologies to provide immersive experiences. These interactive presentation tools transport the audience into a virtual or augmented environment, making your presentation more captivating and memorable.

10. Collaborative whiteboarding

Get your audience involved in your presentation by utilizing digital whiteboards or collaborative tools to brainstorm ideas collectively. This fosters teamwork and creativity, enabling the audience to actively contribute and feel a sense of involvement in the presentation.

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11. Hyperlinked text

Keep the information in your slides minimal with a simple presentation and incorporate hyperlinks to direct viewers to relevant websites or blogs , resources, or additional information. This encourages self-exploration and gives the audience the opportunity to delve deeper into topics of interest.

12. Role-playing

Engage the audience in role-playing scenarios to explore different perspectives. Role-playing promotes active learning and helps the audience relate the content to real-life situations, enhancing their understanding and retention.

13. Embedded videos

Include video clips in your slides to provide visual explanations, demonstrations, or interviews. Videos add a dynamic element to your presentation, enriching the content and keeping the audience engaged.

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14. Audience-generated content

Encourage the audience to contribute ideas, stories or examples related to your professional presentation . Audience-generated content fosters a sense of ownership and involvement, making the presentation more interactive and personalized.

15. Slide transitions

Use slide transitions to create smooth animations between slides. Well-planned transitions maintain the audience’s interest and keep the presentation slides flowing seamlessly.

Interactive elements aside, enhance your presentation with these guides on how to summarize information for a captivating presentation and how to make a persuasive presentation to captivate your audience. 

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If you’re looking to create engaging and interactive presentation slides that captivate your audience, these presentation software options are sure to elevate your game:

Prezi is renowned for its dynamic and non-linear presentation style, enabling users to craft visually stunning and interactive presentations. With an array of templates and animation effects, Prezi enhances audience engagement, making your presentations more captivating and memorable.

2. Mentimeter

Mentimeter serves as an audience response system, empowering real-time interaction during presentations. Users can create interactive polls, quizzes, word clouds and more, allowing the audience to respond using their smartphones or other devices. This fosters active participation and provides valuable feedback instantly.

3. Google Slides

Google Slides is a free cloud-based presentation software that not only offers collaboration features but also enables real-time interactions. It includes add-ons and third-party integrations to further enhance interactivity, making it an excellent choice for collaborative and engaging presentations.

4. Microsoft PowerPoint

PowerPoint, a classic presentation software, has evolved to incorporate more interactive features like live captions, real-time collaboration and interactive elements such as quizzes and forms. With its familiar interface and versatile functionalities, PowerPoint remains a reliable choice for interactive presentations.

5. Prezentor

Prezentor caters to sales-oriented presentations focusing on interactive storytelling and data-driven content. It offers analytics to track audience engagement and behavior during presentations, allowing you to fine-tune your approach and keep your audience hooked.

6. Opinion Stage

Opinion Stage is a visual and interactive data collection tool designed to engage and excite audiences whether sitting in a lecture hall, participating in a live Zoom, or watching an on-demand webinar. The Opinion Stage tools are simple and intuitive, making it easy to create attention-grabbing quizzes, surveys, and polls in minutes. A great way to spice up any presentation, encourage audience participation, and collect authentic feedback.

7 . Venngage

Venngage stands out as a versatile design tool that facilitates the creation of interactive infographics, data visualizations and presentations with ease. Offering various interactive elements and animations, Venngage empowers you to craft visually appealing and engaging presentations effortlessly.

With these interactive presentation software options at your disposal, you can unleash your creativity and deliver presentations that leave a lasting impact on your audience. So, go ahead and make your presentations interactive, captivating and memorable!

For more presentation software options, check out this blog on the 12 best presentation software for 2023.

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Creating interactive presentations can be a game-changer for engaging your audience and enhancing your presentation skills, but steering clear of common pitfalls is essential. Here are some key mistakes to avoid when crafting your interactive presentations:

1. Overloading with interactivity

While interactivity is fantastic, bombarding your audience with too many interactive elements can backfire. Strive for a balanced approach that enhances engagement without overwhelming your listeners.

2. Ignoring audience relevance

Failing to tailor interactive elements to your audience’s interests and preferences can lead to disconnection. Make sure your interactions resonate with your specific audience for a more meaningful experience.

3. Not testing interactive elements

Skipping thorough testing of interactive features before showtime can spell disaster. Avoid technical glitches by diligently testing all interactive components in advance.

4. Poor timing and pace

Timing is everything, especially with interactive activities. Ensure seamless integration by planning your key points and the timing of your interactive elements carefully.

5. Lack of clear purpose

Every interactive element should serve a purpose and contribute to your presentation’s objectives. Don’t add interactions just for the sake of it — ensure they add value and align with your message.

6. Failing to engage beyond interactivity

While interactive elements are powerful tools, remember that content is king. Combine your interactive features with compelling storytelling and valuable insights to create an immersive and impactful presentation.

Incorporating animated slides into your interactive presentations enhances the overall appeal and interaction, turning an ordinary presentation into an engaging experience. Try it out with one of our animated presentation templates to get started. 

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How do you start an interactive presentation?

Begin by grabbing the audience’s attention with an intriguing question or a surprising fact, setting the tone for a dynamic and engaging session.

Which type of presentation is the most interactive?

Workshops and seminars are often the most interactive types of presentations as they encourage active participation, discussions and hands-on activities.

How can interactive presentations enhance audience engagement?

Interactive presentations foster a two-way communication flow, involving the audience through polls, quizzes, discussions and multimedia elements, leading to increased interest, attentiveness and better retention of information.

What are some common interactive elements to include in a presentation?

Common interactive elements include clickable buttons, hyperlinked text, polls, quizzes, interactive charts, multimedia content and audience participation activities.

Can interactive presentations be used for educational purposes?

Absolutely! Interactive presentations are highly effective for educational purposes as they promote active learning, encourage critical thinking, and provide real-time feedback and knowledge exchange opportunities.

Need inspiration on how to give an engaging presentation ? Here are 120+ presentation ideas you could use. 

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Venngage makes it easy for anyone to infuse interactivity into their presentations. From clickable buttons and hyperlinked text to interactive infographics and dynamic charts, Venngage offers a diverse range of interactive elements to captivate and engage the audience. Here’s how you can make your presentation more fun and interesting with Venngage:

  • Sign up or log in to Venngage to access the platform.
  • Choose a presentation template or start with a blank canvas to begin designing your interactive presentation.
  • Add and edit slides in the Venngage editor to structure your presentation content effectively.
  • Customize the design by selecting themes, fonts, colors and backgrounds to match your style and branding.
  • Use interactive elements like buttons, links, pop-ups and hover effects to engage the audience during the presentation.
  • Enhance engagement by incorporating interactive media such as videos and audio clips.
  • Preview and test your entire presentation to ensure everything works smoothly before presenting it to your audience.
  • Save your interactive presentation on Venngage and share it online or download it in various formats for presenting purposes.

Well, I hope these 15 5-minute interactive presentation examples can help unlock a new level of audience engagement for your next presentation. From fun quizzes and interactive storytelling to multimedia magic and gamified challenges, the possibilities are endless. So, don’t be afraid to experiment, tailor the ideas to suit your audience members and let your creativity shine.  

That said, remember to strike a balance and keep the interactivity purposeful and relevant. Some common mistakes to avoid when creating interactive slides include overloading the presentation with too many interactive elements and failing to align the interactive elements with the overall presentation goals and content. 

Got it? Great. Now let’s turn that boring presentation around!

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The Power of Discipline: Achieving Goals, Managing Time, Overcoming Challenges, and Building Relationships

  • August 26, 2023
  • Achieve Your Goals

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We know what it takes to achieve our goals, manage our time effectively, overcome challenges, and build strong relationships. It all comes down to one powerful force: discipline. Without discipline, we fall short of our objectives and miss out on the good life we desire. By consistently practicing self-discipline, we can master our time, conquer our fears, and adapt to new possibilities. Join us as we explore the untapped potential of discipline and unlock the miracles it can bring to our lives.

Table of Contents

Key Takeaways

  • Discipline is essential for achieving goals in various aspects of life, including the good life, managing time effectively, overcoming challenges, and building relationships.
  • Lack of discipline can lead to falling short of objectives and experiencing frustration and sporadic results.
  • Discipline is necessary for honest communication, overcoming the tendency to exaggerate, and considering others’ opinions and input.
  • Consistent discipline in all areas of life can lead to discovering unique opportunities and achieving untold miracles.

The Role of Discipline in Goal Achievement

We believe that discipline plays a crucial role in achieving our goals successfully. The importance of self-control cannot be overstated when it comes to reaching our objectives. Developing a disciplined mindset is key to staying focused and motivated. Without discipline, we may fall prey to distractions and lose sight of our goals. By practicing self-control, we can resist temptations that hinder our progress and stay on track. A disciplined mindset enables us to prioritize tasks, manage our time effectively, and make consistent progress towards our goals. It helps us overcome obstacles, stay committed, and maintain a positive attitude even in the face of challenges. In an innovative world, discipline is the foundation upon which we can build our dreams and achieve remarkable success.

Effective Time Management Through Discipline

By consistently practicing self-discipline, we can effectively manage our valuable time. Developing self-discipline is crucial for implementing strategies for time management. It requires a proactive approach to prioritize tasks and eliminate distractions. Setting clear goals and creating a structured schedule helps maximize productivity. Utilizing tools such as time blocking or the Pomodoro Technique can aid in maintaining focus and staying on track. Additionally, practicing self-control and avoiding procrastination are essential for effective time management. Regularly evaluating and adjusting our strategies ensures continuous improvement. By embracing discipline, we can optimize our time, accomplish more, and create space for innovation. Remember, disciplined time management is the key to unlocking our full potential and achieving success in all areas of life.

Overcoming Challenges With Discipline

To truly conquer our fears and limitations, it takes discipline to admit and learn from our mistakes. Developing resilience and overcoming obstacles require a strong sense of discipline. Here’s how discipline can help us overcome challenges:

Embracing Failure: Discipline allows us to see failure as a learning opportunity rather than a setback. By admitting our mistakes and analyzing them, we can grow stronger and find new ways to overcome obstacles.

Focusing on Solutions: Discipline helps us stay focused on finding solutions rather than dwelling on problems. It enables us to approach challenges with a clear and rational mindset, allowing us to come up with innovative strategies to overcome them.

Perseverance: Discipline fuels our perseverance in the face of adversity. It helps us stay committed to our goals and push through difficult times, knowing that the journey toward success is often filled with obstacles.

Building Strong Relationships Through Discipline

Incorporating discipline into our interactions allows us to foster strong connections and effective communication. Disciplined communication is crucial for building trust and nurturing meaningful relationships. By being mindful of our words and actions, we can create an environment of respect and understanding. This requires us to be disciplined in our listening, acknowledging others’ perspectives, and valuing their input. Consistently practicing these habits will not only strengthen our relationships but also enhance our ability to collaborate and innovate. Trust is the foundation of any successful partnership, and disciplined communication plays a vital role in nurturing that trust. When we approach our interactions with discipline, we create a space where ideas can flourish, innovation can thrive, and relationships can grow.

Uncovering Opportunities Through Discipline

Uncovering unique opportunities requires us to stay disciplined and adaptable, allowing us to seize unexpected miracles and achieve remarkable results. Here’s how we can harness our potential and maximize growth through discipline:

Embrace a Growth Mindset: Discipline enables us to approach challenges with a growth mindset, seeing them as opportunities for learning and growth. By staying disciplined, we can adapt our strategies and overcome obstacles, ultimately uncovering new possibilities.

Continuously Learn and Evolve: Discipline empowers us to commit to lifelong learning and personal development. By staying disciplined in acquiring new knowledge and skills, we can expand our horizons and open doors to unexplored opportunities.

Take Calculated Risks: Discipline enables us to carefully assess and evaluate risks, allowing us to make informed decisions. By staying disciplined, we can step outside our comfort zone and seize opportunities that have the potential to maximize our growth.

Harnessing the Power of Discipline for Success

By staying disciplined, we can maximize our potential and achieve remarkable success in both our personal and professional lives. Developing self-discipline is crucial for harnessing the power of discipline. It requires maintaining focus and consistency. When we cultivate self-discipline, we gain control over our actions and behaviors. This enables us to stay on track towards our goals and overcome any obstacles that come our way. By maintaining focus, we can direct our energy towards what truly matters and avoid distractions that hinder our progress. Consistency allows us to build momentum and make steady progress towards our objectives. It is through discipline that we can push ourselves beyond our limits and achieve extraordinary results. So let us embrace discipline as a powerful tool for success and unlock our full potential.

Frequently Asked Questions

How can discipline help in overcoming fear of failure and success.

Overcoming fear and embracing a success mindset can be achieved through discipline. By consistently practicing discipline, we can confront our fears head-on and push past them. Discipline allows us to develop the necessary skills and mindset to overcome obstacles and achieve success. It helps us stay focused, motivated, and resilient in the face of challenges. With discipline, we can cultivate a mindset that embraces failure as an opportunity for growth and success as a possibility within our reach.

What Strategies Can Be Used to Change Communication Habits Through Discipline?

To change communication habits through discipline, we can use various techniques. Effective communication requires self-discipline in listening, speaking, and non-verbal cues. We must be mindful of our words, avoid exaggeration, and actively seek to understand others. By practicing active listening, being aware of our body language, and being respectful, we can improve our communication skills. Discipline helps us stay focused, adapt to different situations, and build strong relationships through effective communication.

How Does Discipline Contribute to the Process of Adapting and Changing Plans Based on Results?

Discipline plays a vital role in the process of adapting and changing plans based on results. It helps us to stay focused, motivated, and resilient when faced with setbacks or failures. Through discipline, we can effectively manage our time, reflect on our actions, and continuously improve. It enables us to adjust our goals, learn from mistakes, and embrace personal growth. Adapting plans requires discipline to maintain our focus and make necessary changes for success.

Can Discipline Be Learned and Developed Over Time?

Yes, discipline can indeed be learned and developed over time. It is like a seed that, with self-motivation as sunlight and accountability as water, grows into a strong and resilient tree. Self-motivation fuels our desire for growth, while accountability keeps us on track. By cultivating these qualities, we can nurture discipline and harness its power to achieve our goals, manage our time effectively, overcome challenges, and build meaningful relationships. With dedication and practice, discipline becomes a cornerstone of personal and professional success.

What Are Some Practical Ways to Maintain Discipline in All Areas of Life?

Practical techniques for maintaining discipline in all areas of life include setting clear goals, creating a schedule, and prioritizing tasks. Consistency and persistence are key to staying on track. We must hold ourselves accountable and stay motivated through self-reflection and positive reinforcement. Developing healthy habits, such as regular exercise and proper sleep, also contribute to discipline. Surrounding ourselves with supportive individuals and seeking guidance from mentors can provide the necessary encouragement and accountability. With these strategies, we can maintain discipline and achieve success in all aspects of life.

COMMENTS

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  11. How To Make Presentations Interactive

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    We know what it takes to achieve our goals, manage our time effectively, overcome challenges, and build strong relationships. It all comes down to one powerful force: discipline. Without discipline, we fall short of our objectives and miss out on the good life we desire. By consistently practicing self-discipline, we can master our time, conquer… Read More »The Power of Discipline ...

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    Introduction. Care continuity and care coordination are important features of a health care system. Many countries have introduced strategies to improve care continuity and coordination [1,2], for example, the patient-centered medical home, accountable care organization programs under the Affordable Care Act in the United States [].To investigate the impacts of these programs, good measurement ...

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