how to write an outline for an essay pdf

Trying to devise a structure for your essay can be one of the most difficult parts of the writing process. Making a detailed outline before you begin writing is a good way to make sure your ideas come across in a clear and logical order. A good outline will also save you time in the revision process, reducing the possibility that your ideas will need to be rearranged once you've written them.

The First Steps

Before you can begin outlining, you need to have a sense of what you will argue in the essay. From your analysis and close readings of primary and/or secondary sources you should have notes, ideas, and possible quotes to cite as evidence. Let's say you are writing about the 1999 Republican Primary and you want to prove that each candidate's financial resources were the most important element in the race. At this point, your notes probably lack much coherent order. Most likely, your ideas are still in the order in which they occurred to you; your notes and possible quotes probably still adhere to the chronology of the sources you've examined. Your goal is to rearrange your ideas, notes, and quotes—the raw material of your essay—into an order that best supports your argument, not the arguments you've read in other people's works. To do this, you have to group your notes into categories and then arrange these categories in a logical order.

Generalizing

The first step is to look over each individual piece of information that you've written and assign it to a general category. Ask yourself, "If I were to file this in a database, what would I file it under?" If, using the example of the Republican Primary, you wrote down an observation about John McCain's views on health care, you might list it under the general category of  "Health care policy." As you go through your notes, try to reuse categories whenever possible. Your goal is to reduce your notes to no more than a page of category listings.

Now examine your category headings. Do any seem repetitive? Do any go together? "McCain's expenditure on ads" and "Bush's expenditure on ads," while not exactly repetitive, could easily combine into a more general category like "Candidates' expenditures on ads." Also, keep an eye out for categories that no longer seem to relate to your argument. Individual pieces of information that at first seemed important can begin to appear irrelevant when grouped into a general category.

Now it's time to generalize again. Examine all your categories and look for common themes. Go through each category and ask yourself, "If I were to place this piece of information in a file cabinet, what would I label that cabinet?" Again, try to reuse labels as often as possible: "Health Care," "Foreign Policy," and "Immigration" can all be contained under "Policy Initiatives." Make these larger categories as general as possible so that there are no more than three or four for a 7-10 page paper.

With your notes grouped into generalized categories, the process of ordering them should be easier. To begin, look at your most general categories. With your thesis in mind, try to find a way that the labels might be arranged in a sentence or two that supports your argument. Let's say your thesis is that financial resources played the most important role in the 1999 Republican Primary. Your four most general categories are "Policy Initiatives," "Financial Resources," "Voters' Concerns," and "Voters' Loyalty." You might come up with the following sentence: ÒAlthough McCain's policy initiatives were closest to the voters' concerns, Bush's financial resources won the voters' loyalty.Ó This sentence should reveal the order of your most general categories. You will begin with an examination of McCain's and Bush's views on important issues and compare them to the voters' top concerns. Then you'll look at both candidates' financial resources and show how Bush could win voters' loyalty through effective use of his resources, despite his less popular policy ideas.

With your most general categories in order, you now must order the smaller categories. To do so, arrange each smaller category into a sentence or two that will support the more general sentence you've just devised. Under the category of "Financial Resources," for instance, you might have the smaller categories of "Ad Expenditure," "Campaign Contributions" and "Fundraising." A sentence that supports your general argument might read: "Bush's early emphasis on fundraising led to greater campaign contributions, allowing him to have a greater ad expenditure than McCain."

The final step of the outlining process is to repeat this procedure on the smallest level, with the original notes that you took for your essay. To order what probably was an unwieldy and disorganized set of information at the beginning of this process, you need now only think of a sentence or two to support your general argument. Under the category "Fundraising," for example, you might have quotes about each candidate's estimation of its importance, statistics about the amount of time each candidate spent fundraising, and an idea about how the importance of fundraising never can be overestimated. Sentences to support your general argument might read: "No candidate has ever raised too much money [your idea]. While both McCain and Bush acknowledged the importance of fundraising [your quotes], the numbers clearly point to Bush as the superior fundraiser [your statistics]." The arrangement of your ideas, quotes, and statistics now should come naturally.

Putting It All Together

With these sentences, you have essentially constructed an outline for your essay. The most general ideas, which you organized in your first sentence, constitute the essay's sections. They follow the order in which you placed them in your sentence. The order of the smaller categories within each larger category (determined by your secondary sentences) indicates the order of the paragraphs within each section. Finally, your last set of sentences about your specific notes should show the order of the sentences within each paragraph. An outline for the essay about the 1999 Republican Primary (showing only the sections worked out here) would look something like this:

I. POLICY INITIATIVES

II.  VOTERS' CONCERNS

III.  FINANCIAL RESOURCES

            A.  Fundraising

                        a.  Original Idea

                        b.  McCain Quote/Bush Quote

                        c.  McCain Statistics/Bush Statistics

            B.  Campaign Contributions

            C.  Ad Expenditure

IV.  VOTERS' LOYALTY

Copyright 2000, David Kornhaber, for the Writing Center at Harvard University

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How to Write an Essay Outline + Essay Outline Examples

Download for free, how to write an essay outline + essay outline examples .

Writing an essay can seem like a daunting task, but one of the best ways to tackle this challenge is to organize your ideas into a well-structured essay outline. This guide will walk you through the process of creating an essay outline, complete with essay outline examples, to ensure your next essay is a masterpiece.

We’ve compiled a variety of essay outline examples to help you understand how to structure your own essay. We'll cover persuasive essays, narrative essays, descriptive essays, expository essays, and even provide a sample research paper outline. Each example will provide you with an idea of how to lay out the structure and details for each type of essay.

Looking for a printable list of essay outline examples? Our printable PDF features essay outline examples and templates that your students can use as examples when writing research papers, or as a supplement for an essay-writing unit

Why write an essay outline? 

An outline serves as the skeleton of your essay, giving you a clear and organized path to articulate your thoughts. Not only does it make writing an essay significantly easier, but it also allows you to present your arguments coherently and effectively.

An essay outline will help you organize your main ideas and determine the order in which you are going to write about them.

Types of essay outlines

Several types of essay outlines can be used when writing an essay. The two most common types are the alphanumeric outline and the decimal outline.

An alphanumeric outline typically uses Roman numerals, capital letters, Arabic numerals, and lowercase letters, in that order. Each level provides a different level of specificity. This structure is a very effective way to think through how you will organize and present the information in your essay. It also helps you develop a strong argumentative essay.

Alternatively, a decimal outline uses only numbers, and each subsection is a decimal subdivision of the main section. This type of outline is often used in scientific papers.

Persuasive essay outline example 

In the following section, we'll explore a persuasive essay outline example on competitive swimming. The purpose of a persuasive essay is to convince the reader of a particular point of view or idea, using compelling arguments and evidence.

In this case, the argument is that competitive swimming is an ideal sport for kids. The essay will present a series of arguments to support this view, demonstrating the various benefits of competitive swimming for children.

Competitive Swimming, an Ideal Sport for Kids

Introduction

Start your argumentative essay outline by stating your point of view and/or presenting your persuasive argument.

Thesis: Competitive swimming is a great alternative to other youth sports.

Body Paragraph 1

Introduce your primary persuasive argument and provide supporting details in your argumentative essay outline.

Topic Sentence:   Competitive swimming provides the same benefits as other sports.

• Detail Sentence 1:   It is good exercise and builds muscular strength.
• Detail Sentence 2:   It promotes cooperation among team members, especially in relays.

Body Paragraph 2

Introduce a secondary argument and provide supporting details.

Topic Sentence:   Competitive swimming provides some unique additional benefits.

• Detail Sentence 1:   Swimming is an important skill that can be used forever.
• Detail Sentence 2:  Swimming poses a reduced risk of injury.
• Detail Sentence 3:   Each swimmer can easily chart his or her own progress.

Conclude your essay writing with a summary of the thesis and persuasive arguments. Brainstorming details that support your point-of-view is a great way to start before creating your outline and first draft.

Concluding Sentence:   There are many reasons why competitive swimming is a great alternative to other youth sports, including...

Narrative essay outline example

In the following section, we will examine a narrative essay outline example titled "How Losing a Swim Meet Made Me a Better Swimmer." Narrative essays aim to tell a story, often about a personal experience, to engage the reader and convey a particular point or lesson.

In this case, the narrative revolves around the author's personal journey of improvement and self-discovery through swimming. The essay will illustrate how an initial setback served as a catalyst for significant improvement and personal growth.

How Losing a Swim Meet Made Me a Better Swimmer

Introduce the subject of your narrative essay using a thesis statement and a plan of development (POD).

Thesis: The first time I participated in a competitive swim meet, I finished in last place. With more focused training and coaching, I was able to finish 2nd in the State Championship meet.

Plan of development:   I was very disappointed in my results from the first meet, so I improved my training and fitness. This helped me swim better and faster, which helped me to greatly improve my results.

Set the scene and provide supporting details. Again, start by brainstorming different ways to begin; then go ahead and craft an outline and a first draft.

Topic Sentence:   I was embarrassed at finishing last in my first competitive swim meet, so I began working on ways to improve my performance.

• Detail Sentence 1:   I spent extra time with my coach and the team captains learning how to improve my technique.
• Detail Sentence 2:   I started running and lifting weights to increase my overall fitness level.

Provide additional supporting details, descriptions, and experiences to develop your general idea in your essay writing.

Topic Sentence:   Over time, my results began to improve and I was able to qualify for the state championship meet.

• Detail Sentence 1:   My technique and fitness level made me faster and able to swim longer distances.
• Detail Sentence 2:  I steadily got better, and I began winning or placing in the top 3 at most of my meets.
• Detail Sentence 3:  My results improved to the point that I was able to qualify for the state championship meet.

Body Paragraph 3

The next step in the writing process is to provide additional supporting details, descriptions, and experiences. You can then divide them up under different headings.

Topic Sentence:   With my new confidence, techniques, and fitness level, I was able to finish 2nd at the state championship meet.

• Detail Sentence 1:   I was able to swim well against a higher level of competition due to my training and technique.
• Detail Sentence 2:  I was no longer embarrassed about my last-place finish, and was able to use it as motivation!

Conclude the narrative essay with a recap of the events described or a reflection on the lesson learned in the story. Briefly summarize the details you included under each heading.

Concluding Sentence:   I used my last-place finish in my first competitive swim meet as motivation to improve my performance.

Descriptive essay outline example

We will now delve into a descriptive essay outline example. Descriptive essays aim to create a vivid and detailed description of a person, place, object, or event to paint a picture for the reader. The intention is to immerse the reader in the subject matter fully.

In this case, the essay provides an in-depth description of a visit to the Hockey Hall of Fame in Toronto. The essay will use sensory and descriptive details to create a vivid and memorable experience for the reader.

Visiting the Hockey Hall of Fame

Introduce the subject of your descriptive essay with a thesis statement covering the person, place, object, etc. you are writing about.

Thesis: The Hockey Hall of Fame is full of sights, sounds, and experiences that will delight hockey fans of all ages.

Set the scene and provide factual details.

Topic Sentence:   The Hockey Hall of Fame is located in Toronto, Canada and features exhibits from amateur and professional hockey.

• Detail Sentence 1:   The Hall is located in downtown Toronto and is visited by 1 million people every year.
• Detail Sentence 2:   You can see exhibits ranging from the early beginnings of the sport to the modern NHL and Olympics.

Provide additional sensory details, descriptions, and experiences.

Topic Sentence:   There are many types of exhibits and shows, including activities you can participate in.

• Detail Sentence 1:  Player statues, plaques, and jerseys decorate the walls in every room of the Hall.
• Detail Sentence 2:  Many of the exhibits have movies and multimedia activities that make you feel like you're part of the game.
• Detail Sentence 3:  You can even practice shooting pucks on virtual versions of some of the game's greatest goalies!

Conclude the essay with a paragraph that restates the thesis and recaps the descriptive and sensory details.

Concluding Sentence:   The Hockey Hall of Fame is an experience that combines the best sights, sounds and history of the game in Toronto.

Expository essay outline example

In the following section, we will explore an example of an expository essay. An expository essay aims to explain or describe a topic using logic. It presents a balanced analysis of a topic based on facts—with no references to the writer’s opinions or emotions.

For this example, the topic is "Why The School Year Should be Shorter". This essay will use logic and reason to demonstrate that a shorter school year could provide various benefits for students, teachers, and school districts.

Why The School Year Should be Shorter

Introduce the primary argument or main point of an expository essay, or other types of academic writing, using a thesis statement and context.

Thesis: The school year is too long, and should be shortened to benefit students and teachers, save districts money, and improve test scores and academic results. Other countries have shorter school years, and achieve better results.

Describe the primary argument and provide supporting details and evidence.

Topic Sentence:   A shorter school year would benefit students and teachers by giving them more time off.

• Detail Sentence 1:   Students and teachers would be able to spend more time with their families.
• Detail Sentence 2:  Teachers would be refreshed and rejuvenated and able to teach more effectively.

Provide additional supporting details and evidence, as in this essay outline example.

Topic Sentence:  A shorter school year would save school districts millions of dollars per year.

• Detail Sentence 1:   Districts could save money on energy costs by keeping schools closed longer.
• Detail Sentence 2:  A shorter school year means much lower supply and transportation costs.
• Detail Sentence 3:  Well-rested and happy students would help improve test scores.

Provide additional or supplemental supporting details, evidence, and analysis, as in the essay outline example.

Topic Sentence:   Shortening the school year would also provide many benefits for parents and caregivers.

• Detail Sentence 1:   A shorter school year would mean less stress and running around for parents.
• Detail Sentence 2:  Caregivers would have more balance in their lives with fewer days in the school year.

Conclude the essay with an overview of the main argument, and highlight the importance of your evidence and conclusion.

Concluding Sentence:   Shortening the school year would be a great way to improve the quality of life for students, teachers, and parents while saving money for districts and improving academic results.

Sample research paper outline

Now let’s dive into a research paper outline. Unlike a typical essay, a research paper presents a thorough and detailed study on a specific topic. However, it shares the same foundation with an essay in terms of structuring the ideas logically and coherently. The outline for a research paper includes an introduction, a series of topic points that cover various aspects of the main topic, and a conclusion.

This research paper will explore the background of Mt. Everest, the major explorers who attempted its summit, and the impact of these expeditions on Mt. Everest and the local community.

The Conquest of Mt. Everest

• Location of Mt. Everest
• Geography of the Surrounding Area
• Height of the mountain
• Jomolungma (Tibetan name)
• Sagarmatha (Nepalese name)
• The number of people who have climbed Everest to date
• First to reach the summit (1953)
• Led a team of experienced mountain climbers who worked together
• Norgay was an experienced climber and guide who accompanied Hillary
• Sherpas still used to guide expeditions
• Leader of the failed 1996 expedition
• Led group of (mainly) tourists with little mountain climbing experience
• Loss of trees due to high demand for wood for cooking and heating for tourists.
• Piles of trash left by climbing expeditions
• Expedition fees provide income for the country
• Expeditions provide work for the Sherpas, contributing to the local economy.
• Introduction of motor vehicles
• Introduction of electricity

The Everest essay outline template is based on a research paper submitted by Alexandra Ferber, 9th grade.

Happy writing!

Writing an essay outline is a crucial step in crafting a well-structured and coherent essay. Regardless of the type of essay - be it persuasive, narrative, descriptive, expository, or a research paper - an outline serves as a roadmap that organizes your thoughts and guides your writing process. The various essay outline examples provided above serve as a guide to help you structure your own essay. Remember, the key to a great essay lies not just in the content but in its organization and flow. Happy writing!

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Last updated on: Jun 10, 2023

A Complete Essay Outline - Guidelines and Format

By: Nova A.

13 min read

Reviewed By: Melisa C.

Published on: Jan 15, 2019

To write an effective essay, you need to create a clear and well-organized essay outline. An essay outline will shape the essay’s entire content and determine how successful the essay will be.

In this blog post, we'll be going over the basics of essay outlines and provide a template for you to follow. We will also include a few examples so that you can get an idea about how these outlines look when they are put into practice.

Essay writing is not easy, but it becomes much easier with time, practice, and a detailed essay writing guide. Once you have developed your outline, everything else will come together more smoothly.

The key to success in any area is preparation - take the time now to develop a solid outline and then write your essays!

So, let’s get started!

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What is an Essay Outline?

An essay outline is your essay plan and a roadmap to essay writing. It is the structure of an essay you are about to write. It includes all the main points you have to discuss in each section along with the thesis statement.

Like every house has a map before it is constructed, the same is the importance of an essay outline. You can write an essay without crafting an outline, but you may miss essential information, and it is more time-consuming.

Once the outline is created, there is no chance of missing any important information. Also, it will help you to:

• Organize your thoughts and ideas.
• Understand the information flow.
• Never miss any crucial information or reference.
• Finish your work faster.

These are the reasons if someone asks you why an essay outline is needed. Now there are some points that must be kept in mind before proceeding to craft an essay outline.

Easily Outline Your Essays In Seconds!

Prewriting Process of Essay Outline

Your teacher may ask you to submit your essay outline before your essay. Therefore, you must know the preliminary guidelines that are necessary before writing an essay outline.

Here are the guidelines:

• You must go through your assignments’ guidelines carefully.
• Understand the purpose of your assignment.
• Know your audience.
• Mark the important point while researching your topic data.
• Select the structure of your essay outline; whether you are going to use a decimal point bullet or a simple one.

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How to Write an Essay Outline in 4 Steps

Creating an essay outline is a crucial step in crafting a well-structured and organized piece of writing. Follow these four simple steps to create an effective outline:

Step 1: Understand the Topic

To begin, thoroughly grasp the essence of your essay topic. 

Break it down into its key components and identify the main ideas you want to convey. This step ensures you have a clear direction and focus for your essay.

Step 2: Brainstorm and Gather Ideas

Let your creativity flow and brainstorm ideas related to your topic. 

Jot down key pieces of information, arguments, and supporting evidence that will strengthen your essay's overall message. Consider different perspectives and potential counterarguments to make your essay well-rounded.

Step 3: Organize Your Thoughts

Now it's time to give structure to your ideas. 

Arrange your main points in a logical order, starting with an attention-grabbing introduction, followed by body paragraphs that present your arguments. 

Finally, tie everything together with a compelling conclusion. Remember to use transitional phrases to create smooth transitions between sections.

Step 4: Add Depth with Subpoints

To add depth and clarity to your essay, incorporate subpoints under each main point. 

These subpoints provide more specific details, evidence, or examples that support your main ideas. They help to further strengthen your arguments and make your essay more convincing.

By following these four steps - you'll be well on your way to creating a clear and compelling essay outline.

Essay Outline Format

It is an easy way for you to write your thoughts in an organized manner. It may seem unnecessary and unimportant, but it is not.

It is one of the most crucial steps for essay writing as it shapes your entire essay and aids the writing process.

An essay outline consists of three main parts:

1. Introduction

The introduction body of your essay should be attention-grabbing. It should be written in such a manner that it attracts the reader’s interest. It should also provide background information about the topic for the readers.

You can use a dramatic tone to grab readers’ attention, but it should connect the audience to your thesis statement.

Here are some points without which your introduction paragraph is incomplete.

To attract the reader with the first few opening lines, we use a hook statement. It helps engage the reader and motivates them to read further. There are different types of hook sentences ranging from quotes, rhetorical questions to anecdotes and statistics, and much more.

Are you struggling to come up with an interesting hook? View these hook examples to get inspired!

A thesis statement is stated at the end of your introduction. It is the most important statement of your entire essay. It summarizes the purpose of the essay in one sentence.

The thesis statement tells the readers about the main theme of the essay, and it must be strong and clear. It holds the entire crux of your essay.

Need help creating a strong thesis statement? Check out this guide on thesis statements and learn to write a statement that perfectly captures your main argument!

2. Body Paragraphs

The body paragraphs of an essay are where all the details and evidence come into play. This is where you dive deep into the argument, providing explanations and supporting your ideas with solid evidence. 

If you're writing a persuasive essay, these paragraphs will be the powerhouse that convinces your readers. Similarly, in an argumentative essay, your body paragraphs will work their magic to sway your audience to your side.

Each paragraph should have a topic sentence and no more than one idea. A topic sentence is the crux of the contents of your paragraph. It is essential to keep your reader interested in the essay.

The topic sentence is followed by the supporting points and opinions, which are then justified with strong evidence.

3. Conclusion

When it comes to wrapping up your essay, never underestimate the power of a strong conclusion. Just like the introduction and body paragraphs, the conclusion plays a vital role in providing a sense of closure to your topic. 

To craft an impactful conclusion, it's crucial to summarize the key points discussed in the introduction and body paragraphs. You want to remind your readers of the important information you shared earlier. But keep it concise and to the point. Short, powerful sentences will leave a lasting impression.

Remember, your conclusion shouldn't drag on. Instead, restate your thesis statement and the supporting points you mentioned earlier. And here's a pro tip: go the extra mile and suggest a course of action. It leaves your readers with something to ponder or reflect on.

5 Paragraph Essay Outline Structure

An outline is an essential part of the writing as it helps the writer stay focused. A typical 5 paragraph essay outline example is shown here. This includes:

• State the topic
• Thesis statement
• Introduction
• Explanation
• A conclusion that ties to the thesis
• Summary of the essay
• Restate the thesis statement

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Essay Outline Template

The outline of the essay is the skeleton that you will fill out with the content. Both outline and relevant content are important for a good essay. The content you will add to flesh out the outline should be credible, relevant, and interesting.

The outline structure for the essay is not complex or difficult. No matter which type of essay you write, you either use an alphanumeric structure or a decimal structure for the outline.

Below is an outline sample that you can easily follow for your essay.

Essay Outline Sample

Essay Outline Examples

An essay outline template should follow when you start writing the essay. Every writer should learn how to write an outline for every type of essay and research paper.

Essay outline 4th grade

Essay outline 5th grade

Essay outline high school

Essay outline college

Given below are essay outline examples for different types of essay writing.

Argumentative Essay Outline

An  argumentative essay  is a type of essay that shows both sides of the topic that you are exploring. The argument that presents the basis of the essay should be created by providing evidence and supporting details.

Persuasive Essay Outline

A  persuasive essay  is similar to an argumentative essay. Your job is to provide facts and details to create the argument. In a persuasive essay, you convince your readers of your point of view.

Compare and Contrast Essay Outline

A  compare and contrast essay  explains the similarities and differences between two things. While comparing, you should focus on the differences between two seemingly similar objects. While contrasting, you should focus on the similarities between two different objects.

Narrative Essay Outline

A narrative essay is written to share a story. Normally, a narrative essay is written from a personal point of view in an essay. The basic purpose of the narrative essay is to describe something creatively.

Expository Essay Outline

An  expository essay  is a type of essay that explains, analyzes, and illustrates something for the readers. An expository essay should be unbiased and entirely based on facts. Be sure to use academic resources for your research and cite your sources.

Analytical Essay Outline

An  analytical essay  is written to analyze the topic from a critical point of view. An analytical essay breaks down the content into different parts and explains the topic bit by bit.

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Outline

A rhetorical essay is written to examine the writer or artist’s work and develop a great essay. It also includes the discussion.

Cause and Effect Essay Outline

A  cause and effect essay  describes why something happens and examines the consequences of an occurrence or phenomenon. It is also a type of expository essay.

Informative Essay Outline

An  informative essay  is written to inform the audience about different objects, concepts, people, issues, etc.

The main purpose is to respond to the question with a detailed explanation and inform the target audience about the topic.

Synthesis Essay Outline

A  synthesis essay  requires the writer to describe a certain unique viewpoint about the issue or topic. Create a claim about the topic and use different sources and information to prove it.

Literary Analysis Essay Outline

A  literary analysis essay  is written to analyze and examine a novel, book, play, or any other piece of literature. The writer analyzes the different devices such as the ideas, characters, plot, theme, tone, etc., to deliver his message.

Definition Essay Outline

A  definition essay  requires students to pick a particular concept, term, or idea and define it in their own words and according to their understanding.

Descriptive Essay Outline

A  descriptive essay  is a type of essay written to describe a person, place, object, or event. The writer must describe the topic so that the reader can visualize it using their five senses.

Evaluation Essay Outline

Problem Solution Essay Outline

In a problem-solution essay, you are given a problem as a topic and you have to suggest multiple solutions on it.

Scholarship Essay Outline

A  scholarship essay  is required at the time of admission when you are applying for a scholarship. Scholarship essays must be written in a way that should stand alone to help you get a scholarship.

Reflective Essay Outline

A reflective essay  is written to express your own thoughts and point of view regarding a specific topic.

Getting started on your essay? Give this comprehensive essay writing guide a read to make sure you write an effective essay!

With this complete guide, now you understand how to create an outline for your essay successfully. However, if you still can’t write an effective essay, then the best option is to consult a professional academic writing service.

Essay writing is a dull and boring task for some people. So why not get some help instead of wasting your time and effort?  5StarEssays.com is here to help you. All your  do my essay for me  requests are managed by professional essay writers.

Place your order now, and our team of expert academic writers will help you.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the three types of outlines.

Here are the three types of essay outline;

• Working outline
• Speaking outline
• Full-sentence outline

All three types are different from each other and are used for different purposes.

What does a full-sentence outline look like?

A full sentence outline contains full sentences at each level of the essay’s outline. It is similar to an alphanumeric outline and it is a commonly used essay outline.

What is a traditional outline format?

A traditional essay outline begins with writing down all the important points in one place and listing them down and adding sub-topics to them. Besides, it will also include evidence and proof that you will use to back your arguments.

What is the benefit of using a traditional outline format and an informal outline format?

A traditional outline format helps the students in listing down all the important details in one palace while an informal outline will help you coming up with new ideas and highlighting important points

As a Digital Content Strategist, Nova Allison has eight years of experience in writing both technical and scientific content. With a focus on developing online content plans that engage audiences, Nova strives to write pieces that are not only informative but captivating as well.

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Types of Outlines and Samples

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Alphanumeric Outlines

This is the most common type of outline and usually instantly recognizable to most people. The formatting follows these characters, in this order:

• Roman Numerals
• Capitalized Letters
• Arabic Numerals
• Lowercase Letters

If the outline needs to subdivide beyond these divisions, use Arabic numerals inside parentheses and then lowercase letters inside parentheses. Select the "Sample Outlines" PDF in the Media Box above to download the sample of this outline.

The sample PDF in the Media Box above is an example of an outline that a student might create before writing an essay. In order to organize her thoughts and make sure that she has not forgotten any key points that she wants to address, she creates the outline as a framework for her essay.

What is the assignment?

Your instructor asks the class to write an expository (explanatory) essay on the typical steps a high school student would follow in order to apply to college.

What is the purpose of this essay?

To explain the process for applying to college

Who is the intended audience for this essay?

High school students intending to apply to college and their parents

What is the essay's thesis statement?

When applying to college, a student follows a certain process which includes choosing the right schools and preparing the application materials.

Full Sentence Outlines

The full sentence outline format is essentially the same as the Alphanumeric outline. The main difference (as the title suggests) is that full sentences are required at each level of the outline. This outline is most often used when preparing a traditional essay. Select the "Sample Outlines" PDF in the Media Box above to download the sample of this outline.

Decimal Outlines

The decimal outline is similar in format to the alphanumeric outline. The added benefit is a system of decimal notation that clearly shows how every level of the outline relates to the larger whole. Select the "Sample Outlines" PDF in the Media Box above to download the sample of this outline.

• May 20, 2024

What is an Outline in Writing? A Roadmap to Better Content

Julia mccoy.

Creator and Co-founder

Have you ever stared at a blank page, wondering where to start? An outline might just be what you need.

What is an outline in writing?

Think of it as a roadmap guiding you through your thoughts. No more getting lost mid-way or missing key points.

An outline isn’t just some academic chore; it’s the secret sauce behind organized, compelling content that grabs readers’ attention.

Whether you’re drafting a research paper or planning out your next blog post, learning how to write an outline can elevate your work from chaotic to clear-cut brilliance.

Table Of Contents:

What is an outline in writing, types of outlines, when to use writing outlines, proper outline structure and format, how to create an outline, tips for effective outlining, turn your ideas into structured pieces that engage and inform.

An outline organizes your thoughts, main points, and supporting details before you start writing. Think of it as the blueprint for your blog post, essay, term paper, or book.

The purpose of an outline is to organize written ideas about a topic into a logical order. It helps establish a structure for a paper and demonstrates the main argument, main points, and main pieces of evidence before writing.

Outlining is a crucial part of the writing process that can save you time and frustration later on.

Benefits of Outlining

A research paper outline offers several benefits such as helping you organize your thoughts, building your story structure, keeping you on topic, and serving as a blueprint for your paper.

When I first started writing, I thought outlining was a waste of time. I just wanted to dive in and start writing.

But as I took on bigger writing projects, I realized that outlining is one of the most important prewriting techniques. It helps me organize my thoughts, stay focused on my topic sentence, and write more efficiently.

There are different types of outlines you can use depending on your writing project and personal preference.

Let’s take a look at some of the most common ones.

Topic Outlines

Topic outlines present the main points of a paper as single words or short phrases. They provide a quick overview of the main ideas and the planned order in which they will be presented.

Sentence Outlines

Sentence outlines go into more detail than topic outlines. They include full topic sentences for each main point, subpoint, and supporting detail.

This type of outline can help ensure that each point is fully developed before writing begins.

Formal Outlines

Formal outlines follow a specific format example with Roman numerals, capital letters, Arabic numerals, and lowercase letters to designate the level of importance for each point.

They are often required by instructors and tend to be more detailed than informal outlines.

Informal Outlines

Informal outlines are less rigid in outline format and may use bullet points, dashes, or other symbols to organize ideas. They can be as simple or as detailed as you need, making them a more flexible option for organizing thoughts.

Personally, I prefer using a combination of topic and sentence outlines. I start with a topic outline to get a bird’s eye view of my main points. Then, I flesh it out into a sentence outline to make sure each point is fully developed before I start writing.

Outlines are incredibly versatile tools that can be used for all kinds of writing projects. Here are a few ways how you can use outlines to improve your writing.

I have also included samples created by ChatGPT for each type of outline.

Academic Papers

If you’re writing a research paper, a good outline can help you stay organized and focused.

Start by outlining your introduction, thesis statement, and main points. Then, fill in your supporting details and evidence.

Be sure to include your sources and citations in your outline to save time later on.

Whether you’re writing a persuasive , narrative , or expository essay, an outline can help you organize your thoughts and arguments.

Start with your essay outline including your introduction, thesis statement, and main points. Then, add in your supporting details and evidence.

Blog Posts and Articles

If you’re writing a blog post or article, an outline can help you stay on topic and ensure your writing is clear and concise.

Start with your headline and introduction, then outline your main points and supporting details. Be sure to include any research or examples you want to include.

Check out this comprehensive guide on  how to write an SEO-friendly blog post outline and get your free template.

Outlining is essential for writing a book or novel. A good book outline can help you keep track of your plot, characters, and themes.

Start by outlining your main plot points, then add in your character arcs and subplots.

Be sure to include any research or world-building details you need.

I’ve used outlines for all kinds of writing projects, from blog posts to books. I find that having a clear outline helps me stay focused and avoid writer’s block. It also makes the editing process much easier, since I can see the overall structure of my piece and make changes as needed.

A well-structured outline can make the writing process much smoother. Here are the key components to include in your outline format.

Introduction and Thesis Statement

Start your outline with your introduction and thesis statement. This will help you stay focused on your main point throughout the writing process.

Body Paragraphs

Next, outline your body paragraphs. Each paragraph should focus on one main point or idea, with supporting details and evidence.

Use your major points as headings and your minor points as subheadings or bullet points.

Finally, outline your conclusion. This should tie back to your thesis statement and summarize your main points.

You can also include a call-to-action or final thought.

Now that you know the different types of outlines, let’s dive into how to actually create one.

Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you get started.

Step 1: Brainstorm Ideas

The first step in creating an outline is to brainstorm ideas related to your topic. This can involve listing key points, making a mind map , or using other prewriting techniques to generate content and identify connections between ideas.

Step 2: Organize Your Main Points

Once you have your ideas, it’s time to organize topics into main points that support your thesis or central argument.

These main points will form the backbone of your outline and help you stay on track as you start writing.

Step 3: Arrange Supporting Details

Under each main point, arrange your supporting details and evidence. These might include quotes, examples, statistics, or anecdotes that back up your main points.

Be sure to keep them organized and relevant to each main idea.

Step 4: Finalize The Outline Structure

Once you have your main points and supporting details in place, it’s time to finalize the structure of your outline. This means deciding on the order of your points, making sure each point flows logically into the next, and adjusting your outline structure as needed.

When I plan an outline for a book or long-form blog post, I like to start with a basic structure and then add more detail as I go. I might start with just my main points and then fill in supporting details and evidence later on.

The key is to stay flexible and adapt your outline as your writing evolves.

Outlining is a skill that takes practice to master. Here are a few tips to help you create effective outlines for any writing project.

Focus on the Main Idea

When outlining, focus on your main ideas and points. Don’t get bogged down in minor details or tangents. Stick to the key information that supports your thesis or argument.

Use a Consistent Format

When formatting your outline, use a consistent numbering system or order. For example, you might use Roman numerals for main points, capital letters for subpoints, and numbers for supporting details.

Be sure to indent each level for clarity.

I like to keep my outlines simple and easy to read. I use bullet points for main ideas and supporting details, and I indent each level to show the hierarchy of information.

I also leave plenty of white space so I can jot down notes or make changes as I go.

Be Flexible and Adaptable

Your outline is a guide, not a rigid set of rules. Be willing to adapt and change your outline as you write and revise.

If you find that a certain section isn’t working or that you need to add new information, don’t be afraid to make changes to your outline.

Revise and Refine

Once you have a draft of your outline, take some time to revise and refine it. Look for areas where you can add more detail or clarify your points. Make sure each section flows logically into the next and that your overall structure makes sense.

One tip that has helped me create more effective outlines is to start with a basic structure and then add more detail as I go. For example, I might start with just my main points and then fill in subpoints and supporting details later on. This allows me to focus on the big picture before getting bogged down in the details.

Another tip is to use my outline as a tool for plot clarity and character growth when book outlining. I make sure each scene and chapter has a clear purpose that ties back to my overall content strategy and message.

I hope this guide has helped you understand what is an outline in writing and how to create one for your next content piece.

Remember, outlining is a powerful tool that can save you time and frustration in the long run. So next time you sit down to write, take a few minutes to create an outline first and watch how it reshapes your entire approach to crafting meaningful content.

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Beneficial Narrative Essay

Beneficial narrative essay generator.

Most of us have experienced writing essays example , especially in school is where we had our formal theme book to write about our favorite literary works. Those were elementary days. During high school and even college days, essay writing continued haunting us. College essays are everywhere and we can’t hide from it. But why should we hide from it? It’s a great opportunity to enhance our writing. We should never be afraid if we commit common essay mistakes because through that, learning can be developed and we become keener next time we write an essay. It is also a way our speed and accuracy can be developed, and challenges like creating your last-minute essay  can be a piece of cake. Commonly, institutions would let us write a narrative essay. What is a narrative essay then?

Narrative Essay Samples

10 sample narrative essays.

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Autobiographical Essay Example

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Narrative Essay Example: The Brown Achievement

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Narrative Essay

Creating a narrative essay is like telling a story. It allows writers to freely express their creativeness while telling a story. The writer conveys his thoughts, feelings, and emotions to the readers through the use of vivid and precise words that are seemingly taking you to the exact happening of the event—the time, place, sensation, fragrance, weather, etc. It often relies on personal experiences; thus, the first person pronoun “I” is used. The story should be well-detailed and organized to explain the whole story and connect the different parts of it. Here are the key points in making a narrative essay.

• It is told from a particular point of view.
• The parts are interconnected and support each other.
• The details are vivid and precise.
• It may use a dialogue.

College Essay Example

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Free Narrative Writing

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Interactive Narrative Sample

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Conventions of Narrative Essays

• It is generally written in the first person, but third person pronouns such as he, she and it can also be used. Always remember that although the first person pronoun is commonly used, it should not be overused. However, note that the author’s perspective should be clear to the readers.
• It relies on sensory details. This means that the author should use clear and precise words to describe the narration in the story. The details should be very specific and concrete enough that will take the readers to the intended spot and will let the readers feel the same sensation as that of the author’s perspective.
• It should include a plot, a climax, and an ending.

Guidelines for Writing a Narrative Essay

• Plot – The plot is the basic structure of a literary work. It encompasses the chain of events and character actions. In writing a plot, decide your focus for the whole story. You might write first the outline for your essay.
• Climax – While the writer is taking you on a journey, the highest peak of the story is the climax. The climax should have the ability to draw the reader in and to continue reading the story. It should have an increasing conflict that can grab the attention of the reader.
• Ending – Your ending should wrap up the events of your story and should link the details to the story. A good ending is when it is linked to the first part of the beginning of the story, and it should be correlated to the whole parts of the story. Conclude with a sense of closure and not with another detail or discussion.
• Establish a purpose. Do not be like a clanging cymbal. If you are saying something, make sure you are making any sense. Have a purpose in your narrative—recounting your own or other person’s history. You have to let your readers engage in your writing by giving them a very interesting purpose that they will wonder what will happen next and what is the ending of your story. You have to keep the readers entertained and curious throughout the story and keep that curiosity firing and addictive. Whether your story is a fact or a fiction, make sure you relay a series of events in an emotionally engaging way. The clearer you tell your story and the more specific words you incorporate into your writing, the more the audience will get an emotional impact and be drawn into the depths of your sea of emotions.
• Specify the point of view.  Narrative essays usually use the first-person point of view but a third-person point of view can also be established. Just make sure that you are consistent with your usage especially with the pronouns I, me, my, myself, mine, they, he, she it, etc. so that the readers won’t get confused. Make the point of view clear but do not be too boring in using those pronouns. Use appealing words that would keep the audience reading.
• Be clear and concise.  In writing your narrative, be careful in selecting words, and be appropriate in your usage. It is more appealing and understandable if the words you are using are interconnected and are very appropriate for the subject matter. Be clear in your description such that the audience can picture the thing out of his mind or the reader can create an image inside his mind through your description. It is wise if you will lay out and describe not only the events but also the surroundings, the reactions, the temperature, the mood, and everything that can take the reader to the very spot you are describing. For example, in describing a seashore, you might not only including in the description of the scorching heat of the sun but also the smell of the breeze, the touch of the sand, the whooshing wind that brush your hair off your face, the calming stringed music, and other things that are very specific enough for the reader’s senses to feel.
• Be organized. In your write up, if you have already included the parts of the story, establishes a purpose, specified the point of view, and being clear and concise, the other thing you must bear in your mind is to organize your thoughts. Even though you already have the aforementioned items, if you are not organized, then your point will be in vain. You have to keep your narration in sequence so the readers can fully be guided to your narration. Do not skip from topic to topic; establish a smooth flow in your story and let the readers go along with your flow.

Literacy Narrative Outline

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Medical Narrative Essay Sample

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Student Narrative Essay Sample

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Teaching Narrative Example

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Narrative Essay Sample: The Rescue

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List of Interesting Topics

Selecting a topic is important since this is your main idea and the point where you will explain everything in detail. The key in choosing a topic is to make you sure that you have experienced that topic enough or you knew someone who has experienced the topic and the topic is appealing to a wide range of readers. If you are looking for one, below is a list of topic that may help you in your narrative essay. What makes these topics interesting is that almost everyone can relate to the topic, and the topics can be expounded into details that are very specific for the readers to understand what the writer is going through.

• First crush – Almost everyone had their first crush. It is usually the first time we feel an indescribable emotion and a little tingle in our ears. We can always say something about this, and almost everyone can still recall the moment they had their first crush. Hence, this topic can be very attractive to almost all people.
• My high school graduation day –  They say graduation day is a day of triumph, but it is also a day of parting—parting from our friends whom we shared so many memories with, parting from our beloved school that we sometimes hate during the lazy days, and parting from our teachers who helped us not only academically but also spiritually. Writing one’s graduation day can bring back someone to that event where you held your head high and wave your togas proudly to your parents. It is easy to write something like this since graduation, for most people, is one of the days that you cannot easily forget. So everything is still clear in your head; thus, you can also transfer it clearly into the paper.
• First day at college –  For some, the universities they are entering in college is the same as that in their high school, but for most, it is a whole lot different picture. A writer can share his experience during his first day, whether he is alone or with a friend, being serious to academics or not, and everything that he might be feeling and noticing at that time.
• What I love about my city –  Some people just love their cities so much that they noticed everything in sight around their city. If you are proud of your city, you might also consider featuring the city in your narrative, the places you have visited, the aura of the city, the air, the people, the food, the streets, the buildings, and anything that caught your eyes that you might wanna share.
• My biggest fear –  You can also share your biggest fear or fears. We all have different fears, but not everyone has the courage to share it with anyone. Who knows? You are sharing a common fear and you are not alone! You might even inspire anyone, the reader, in conquering that fear or on how to become strong to face your fears confidently. You can even include your deepest emotions in your writing.

Text prompt

• Instructive
• Professional

Write a Beneficial Narrative Essay on the benefits of teamwork.

Create a Beneficial Narrative Essay about the importance of perseverance.