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UPSC Essay Topics - Important Essay Topics for UPSC Mains 2023

By vajiram & ravi.

Essay Course for UPSC

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Understanding UPSC Essay Topics holds significant importance as it evaluates the candidate's ability to analyse, present arguments, and communicate effectively. In this article, we will explore the diverse range of UPSC essay topics, their significance, and essential tips to excel in this section. Get ready to enhance your writing and analytical skills and make a strong impression on the evaluators with well-crafted essays.

UPSC Essay Paper

The Essay paper in the UPSC Mains examination requires candidates to write multiple essays , each on a different topic, chosen from a given list of options. The essay topics for UPSC cover a wide range of issues, including social, economic, political, cultural, and philosophical aspects, both national and international.

The essay paper holds significant weightage in the UPSC Mains examination, contributing 250 marks out of the total 1750 marks . Scoring well in this section can have a considerable impact on the overall ranking and selection for the coveted civil services.

Weekly UPSC Essay Topics By Vajiram & Ravi

The UPSC Essay Paper is an opportunity for candidates to demonstrate their proficiency in expressing ideas and analysing complex issues. Vajiram & Ravi Pensive-Weekly Essay Writing Programme provides you with two Essay Topics every Saturday based on the previous year's question papers and the changing trends analysis. You can submit your Essay for peer evaluation on vajiramandravi.com. This will help you nourish your writing skills, give you clarity of thought, and build the capacity to express opinions in a logical and coherent manner.

Important Essay Topics for UPSC 2023

The purpose of the essay paper is to assess the candidate's ability to critically analyse a topic, present well-structured arguments, and communicate their ideas effectively. It also evaluates their knowledge of various issues, their clarity of thought, and their capacity to express opinions in a logical and coherent manner.

Some of the Important Essay Topics to prepare for the UPSC Mains Examination 2023 are:

• Gender Equality
• Environment/Urbanization
• Economic Growth
• Federalism/Decentralization
• Agriculture
• Economics 

UPSC Essay Topics on Philosophy

Every year, UPSC typically provides you with two or more essay topics centred around philosophical thoughts, Indian philosophical schools, or quotes from notable personalities. To effectively address these philosophical topics, you should refer to Philosophy Books to gain a foundational understanding. Here is a list of UPSC Essay Topics on Philosophy :

• Everything comes to him, who hustles while he waits.
• We are always blind as we want to be.
• You cannot step twice in the same river.
• A disciplined mind brings happiness.
• The price of Greatness is Responsibility.
• People would rather Believe than Know.
• Mind - A beautiful Servant? Or a dangerous Master?

UPSC Essay Topics on Art and Culture

The UPSC Essay Topics related to Indian society, art, and culture cover a wide range of subjects, offering great diversity. To gain knowledge about the static content on these topics, you should rely on fundamental books on society, as recommended for the exam. Here is a list of UPSC Essay Topics on Indian Art and Culture :

• Culture changes with economic development.
• Culture is what we are, Civilization is what we have.
• Social reform is a myth if places of worship are open only to all castes and not to all genders.
• Impact of Globalization on Indian Art and Culture.
• Caste System - India’s Enduring Curse.
• Godmen - A Threat to Indian Art and Culture?

UPSC Essay Topics on Science and Technology

UPSC essay topics on Science and Technology can largely be addressed through current affairs. You may also benefit from consulting a Science and Technology Book for UPSC to compose a comprehensive and well-rounded essay. Here are some UPSC Essay Topics on Science and Technology:

• Deglobalisation is good for the world.
• Science is organised Knowledge. Wisdom is Organised life.
• Technology is a Weapon against Poverty.
• Prioritising Education Technology for Global Growth.
• Technology is the silent factor in International Relations.
• Scientific and Technological Progress cannot be equated with Human Progress.

UPSC Essay Topics on Education

Education stands as one of the preferred UPSC Essay Topics, with an essay related to this subject often appearing in the paper each year. To tackle this topic effectively, you should stay abreast of Current Affairs , incorporating significant changes and advancements in the field. Let's explore some of the Essay topics for UPSC centred around education:

• Self Education is a lifelong curiosity.
• Education Breeds Peace.
• Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance.
• Education must also train one for quick, resolute and effective thinking.
• Schooling is not Education.

UPSC Essay Topics on Polity and Governance

To comprehensively address Polity and Governance topics, you should acquire fundamental knowledge from Polity Books for UPSC and Current Affairs. These resources offer static information about relevant issues and their historical context, which proves valuable while writing UPSC Essay Topics on Polity. Here are some Essay Topics on Polity and Governance:

• The Role of Politics in Development.
• Should Youth in India Consider Politics as a Career?
• Art, Freedom and Creativity will change society faster than politics.
• The politics of Identity is the Politics of the Weak.
• People should not be afraid of their Government. The Government should be afraid of its people.
• Government Surveillance - Good or Bad?

UPSC Essay Topics on Economy

Essays concerning economic growth are frequently included in the Essay Paper. To tackle these topics effectively, you should refer to Economy Notes for UPSC to gain a comprehensive understanding. Once the fundamentals are grasped, you can enhance their essays by incorporating examples, data, and statistics to create a multidimensional perspective. Here is a list of UPSC Essay Topics on Economy:

• We don't have to sacrifice a Strong Economy for a Healthy Environment.
• India, a $5 trillion Economy - Dream or Reality?
• Digital Economy: A leveller or a source of Economic Inequality?
• Innovation is the key determinant of social welfare and economic growth.
• Labour Reforms in India and its Role in Economic Growth.

UPSC Essay Topics on Social Issues

Social issues are a significant aspect of the UPSC essay paper, reflecting the candidates' understanding of societal challenges and their ability to propose viable solutions. These essays provide a platform for candidates to analyse, critique, and suggest measures for pressing social concerns. Topics related to social issues in the UPSC Essay paper may include:

• Inclusivity and Plurality are the hallmarks of a Peaceful Society.
• A Gender-sensitive Indian Society is a prerequisite for Women and Child Empowerment.
• The weaker sections of Indian Society - are their Rights and Access to Justice getting Better?

Previous Year UPSC Essay Topics

Practising previous year's essay topics will help you become familiar with the UPSC exam pattern , word limit, and the types of essay questions frequently asked in the Mains Examination. Analysing past essay topics will also allow you to identify recurring themes and trends, enabling you to prioritise their preparation accordingly. Regular practice with past essay topics will instil confidence in you, helping you feel more comfortable and prepared for the actual exam.

• Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence.
• Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.
• History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man.
• A ship in the harbour is safe, but that is not what a ship is for.
• The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.
• A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities.
• Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.

Tips to Excel in UPSC Essay Paper

• Understand the Topics: Thoroughly comprehend the essay topics, including the keywords and instructions. Choose a topic that aligns with your strengths and interests.
• Plan and Structure: Devote some time to plan your essay. Create an outline and organise your thoughts in a structured manner, with a clear introduction, body, and conclusion.
• Be Objective: Present balanced arguments and avoid a biased or one-sided approach. Consider multiple perspectives and present a holistic view.
• Provide Examples and Evidence: Support your arguments with relevant examples, data, quotes and evidence to strengthen your essay.
• Maintain Clarity: Write in a clear and concise manner. Use simple language and avoid jargon or overly complex vocabulary.
• Practice Regularly: Regular practice is essential to improve Essay writing skills. Write essays on diverse topics to enhance your versatility.
• Time Management: Allocate appropriate time for planning, writing, and revising each essay to manage time effectively during the examination.
• Revise and Edit: Review your essays for coherence, grammar, and structure. Make necessary edits to refine your work.

FAQs on UPSC Essay Topics

What are the important UPSC Essay Topics?

Here is a list of UPSC Essay Topics asked in Mains Examination previously:

• Culture is what we are, civilization is what we have.
• Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.
• What is research but a blind date with knowledge?
• Best for an individual is not necessarily best for society.
• Wisdom finds truth.
• Ships don’t sink because of water around them, ships sink because of water that gets into them.
• Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality.
• Technology as the silent factor in international relations.

How do I Prepare for the UPSC Essay?

To prepare for the UPSC essay, focus on understanding the essay syllabus and past topics to identify recurring themes. Regularly practise writing essays on various topics to improve your writing skills and time management. Structure your essays with a clear introduction, main body, and conclusion.

Which is the best source to practise UPSC Essay Topics?

The best sources to prepare Essay for UPSC include official UPSC materials, newspapers, and magazines like The Hindu, Yojana , and Kurukshetra for current affairs, standard books on diverse subjects, government reports and publications, online platforms like PIB and PRS India, UPSC previous year papers for understanding the exam pattern, and regular practice of essay writing on various topics.

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[Download] UPSC Mains-2020 Essay Paper, Including Topicwise last 28 YEARS Essay Question Papers (1993-2020) with booklist, strategy!

Upsc mains-2020’s essay paper compared to the past papers..

• UPSC Essay Preparation/Strategy/Booklist?

UPSC-CSM20-Essay: Section-A

Upsc-csm20-essay: section-b.

1 India: Democracy, administration, Society, culture

1.1 India Since Independence

1.2 Federalism, Decentralization

1.3 Administration

1.4 Judiciary

1.5 Poverty, Social Justice

1.6 Indian Society, Culture and Values

1.7 Media, TV & Cinema

2 Economy, Development

2.1 Growth vs Development

2.2 Environment vs Development

2.4 Sectors of Economy

3 Education

3.1 Values in Education

3.2 Scheme implementation

3.3 Higher education

4 Quote based, Philosophy, Ethics

4.1 Character, Honesty, Ethics

4.2 Knowledge

4.3 Compassion

4.4 Truth and reality

4.5 Youth, Discipline

4.6 Towards excellence

5 Women empowerment

5.1 @National Politics

5.2 @World / Quote type

5.3 Empowerment overall

5.4 Compared to men

6 International issues, Internal Security

6.1 Globalization

6.2 International Org./ Bilateral

6.3 Security

7 Science-Technology

7.1 Science and Religion

7.2 Science and Education

7.3 Computer and internet

7.4 Sci-Tech: others

• On Jan-08-2021, UPSC Conducted Civil Services Mains Exam (CSM-2020)’s Essay Paper (Because of the Corona lockdown, the exam cycle is running late).

• New aspirants need to take care not to get brainwashed by one sided analysis of coaching-classes that “ just because so many philosophical topics are asked so you should blindly take philosophy as an optional subject And automatically you will get a ticket to IAS selection! ” – As per the latest annual report of UPSC uploaded on their website, the number of UPSC selection from Philosophy was 53 candidates among 1056 candidates selected in 2017 i.e. 7% (btw, It seems UPSC uploads the annual reports with a lot of delay so as to avoid controversies about selections)

What to do for Essay Preparation/Strategy/Booklist?

• In the market there are lot of readymade books available for the essay. However, as far as the Civil Service exam is concerned they’re not very useful.
• you have to manually gather the content and cultivate the skill for essay writing. Common resources include:
• Last 3 years Yojana and Kurukshetra magazines: They are available in English, Hindi and other Vernacular languages. They can be downloaded for free from their official website: http://yojana.gov.in/Recent_archive_2018.asp (Tip: Replace the year in URL, when you want to access previous years). There is no need to read each and every article, at least go through the preface / Editor’s Note in the beginning of each PDF.
• Last 3-5 years economic surveys available for free at https://indiabudget.gov.in/bspeecha.asp No need to read entire PDFs, just the introductions and conclusions of each chapter.
• IGNOU MPS-003 module. Available for free at https://egyankosh.ac.in
• NCERT textbooks, especially those related to Sociology, Political Science and World History.
• Newspaper Columns: English (TheHindu or IndianExpress), Hindi (JanSatta). In the vernacular language newspapers (e.g. Divya-Bhaskar Gujarati etc)= the quality of the column is not worthy of civil service exam essays.
• Ethics (GS Paper 4) related preparation would also come handy here.

2020’s Essay Paper in linear/sequential format

(write any one essay in 1000-1200 words, 125 marks)

• 1) Life is a long journey between human being and being humane. (मनुष्य होने और मानव बनने के बीच का लम्बा सफर ही जीवन है)
• 2) Mindful manifesto is the catalyst to a tranquil self (विचारपरक संकल्प स्वयं के शांतचित्त रहने का उत्प्रेरक है )
• 3) Ships don’t sink because of water around them ships sink because of water that gets into them (जहाज अपने चारों तरफ के पानी के वजह से नहीं डूबा करते, जहाज पानी के अंदर समां जाने की वजह से डूबता हैं )
• 4) Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication (सरलता चरम परिष्करण है )
• 5) Culture is what we are, civilization is what we have (जो हम है, वह संस्कार; जो हमारे पास है, वह सभ्यता )
• 6) There can be no social justice without economic prosperity but economic prosperity without social justice is meaningless (बिना आर्थिक समृद्धि के सामाजिक न्याय नहीं हो सकता, किन्तु बिना सामाजिक न्याय के आर्थिक समृद्धि निरर्थक है )
• 7) Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality (पितृ-सत्ता की व्यवस्था नजर मैं बहुत काम आने के बावजूद सामाजिक विषमता की सबसे प्रभावी संरचना है)
• 8) Technology as the silent factor in international relations (अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संबंधों मैं मौन करक के रूप मैं प्रौद्योगिकी)

Topic wise Essays of last 28 years (1993-2020)

• Is the Colonial mentality hindering India’s Success? -2013
• In the context of Gandhiji’s views on the matter, explore, on an evolutionary scale, the terms ‘Swadhinata’, ‘Swaraj’ and ‘Dharmarajya’. Critically comment on their contemporary relevance to Indian democracy -2012
• Dreams which should not let India sleep. -2015
• Why should we be proud of being Indians? -2000
• Whither Indian democracy? -1995
• How far has democracy in India delivered the goods? -2003
• What we have not learnt during fifty years of independence. -1997
• What have we gained from our democratic set-up? -2001
• My vision of India in 2001 a.d. -1993
• Impact of the new economic measures on fiscal ties between the union and states in India. -2017
• Water disputes between States in federal India. -2016
• Cooperative federalism : Myth or reality. -2016
• Creation of smaller states and the consequent administrative, economic and developmental implication -2011
• Evaluation of panchayati raj system in India from the point of view of eradication of power to people. -2007
• Water resources should be under the control of the central government. -2004
• The language problem in India: its past, present and prospects. -1998
• How should a civil servant conduct himself? -2003
• Politics without ethics is a disaster. -1995
• The VIP cult is a bane of Indian democracy -1996
• Need for transparency in public administration -1996
• The country’s need for a better disaster management system. -2000
• Politics, bureaucracy and business – fatal triangle. -1994
• We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws. -2017
• Justice must reach the poor -2005
• Judicial activism and Indian democracy. -2004
• Judicial activism. -1997
• There can be no social justice without economic prosperity but economic prosperity without social justice is meaningless (बिना आर्थिक समृद्धि के सामाजिक न्याय नहीं हो सकता, किन्तु बिना सामाजिक न्याय के आर्थिक समृद्धि निरर्थक है ) -2020
• Neglect of primary health care and education in India are reasons for its backwardness. -2019
• The focus of health care is increasingly getting skewed towards the ‘haves’ of our society. -2009
• Food security for sustainable national development -2005
• Reservation, politics and empowerment. -1999
• Culture is what we are, civilization is what we have (जो हम है, वह संस्कार; जो हमारे पास है, वह सभ्यता ) -2020
• Indian culture today: a myth or a reality? -2000
• Modernism and our traditional socio-ethical values. -2000
• The composite culture of India. -1998
• The Indian society at the crossroads. -1994
• From traditional Indian philanthropy to the gates-buffet model-a natural progression or a paradigm shift? -2010
• New cults and godmen: a threat to traditional religion -1996
• Biased media is a real threat to Indian democracy. -2019
• Responsibility of media in a democracy. -2002
• Role of media in good governance -2008
• Does Indian cinema shape our popular culture or merely reflect it? -2011
• How has satellite television brought about cultural change in Indian mindsets? -2007
• Is sting operation an invasion on privacy? -2014
• Mass media and cultural invasion. -1999
• The misinterpretation and misuse of freedom in India. -1998
• Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere. -2018
• Digital economy: A leveller or a source of economic inequality. -2016
• Innovation is the key determinant of economic growth and social welfare. -2016
• Near jobless growth in India: An anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms. -2016
• Crisis faced in India – moral or economic. -2015
• Was it the policy paralysis or the paralysis of implementation which slowed the growth of our country? -2014
• GDP (Gross Domestic Product) along with GDH (Gross Domestic Happiness) would be the right indices for judging the wellbeing of a country-2013
• Can capitalism bring inclusive growth? -2015
• Resource management in the Indian context. -1999
• Economic growth without distributive justice is bound to breed violence. -1993
• Alternative technologies for a climate change resilient India. -2018
• Should a moratorium be imposed on all fresh mining in tribal areas of the country? -2010
• Urbanisation and its hazards -2008
• Protection of ecology and environment is essential for sustained economic development. -2006
• Urbanization is a blessing in disguise. -1997
• Ecological considerations need not hamper development. -1993
• Globalization would finish small-scale industries in India. -2006
• Multinational corporations – saviours or saboteurs -1994
• Special economic zone: boon or bane -2008
• Is the criticism that the ‘Public-Private-Partnership’ (PPP) model for development is more of a bane than a boon in the Indian context, justified ?-2012
• Farming has lost the ability to be a source of subsistence for majority of farmers in India. -2017
• BPO boom in India. -2007
• Tourism: Can this be the next big thing for India? -2014
• Are our traditional handicrafts doomed to a slow death? -2009
• Destiny of a nation is shaped in its classrooms. -2017
• Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make a man more clever devil-2015
• Independent thinking should be encouraged right form the childhood. -2007
• Are the standardized tests good measure of academic ability or progress? -2014
• Irrelevance of the classroom. -2001
• Is the growing level of competition good for the youth? -2014
• Literacy is growing very fast, but there is no corresponding growth in education. -1996
• Is an egalitarian society possible by educating the masses ? -2008
• What is real education? -2005
• “Education for all” campaign in India: myth or reality. -2006
• Restructuring of Indian education system. -1995
• Privatization of higher education in India. -2002
• Credit – based higher education system – status, opportunities and challenges -2011
• Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication (सरलता चरम परिष्करण है ) -2020
• Ships don’t sink because of water around them ships sink because of water that gets into them (जहाज अपने चारों तरफ के पानी के वजह से नहीं डूबा करते, जहाज पानी के अंदर समां जाने की वजह से डूबता हैं ) -2020
• Life is a long journey between human being and being humane. (मनुष्य होने और मानव बनने के बीच का लम्बा सफर ही जीवन है)-2020
• Values are not what humanity is, but what humanity ought to be -2019
• Best for an individual is not necessarily best for the society -2019
• Courage to accept and dedication to improve are two keys to success -2019
• Wisdom finds truth -2019
• A people that values its privileges above its principles loses both. -2018
• Customary morality cannot be a guide to modem file. -2018
• Need brings greed, if greed increases it spoils breed. -2016
• Character of an institution is reflected in its leader. -2015
• With greater power comes greater responsibility. -2014
• Words are sharper than the two-edged sword. -2014
• Attitude makes, habit makes character and character makes a man. -2007
• He would reigns within himself and folds his passions and desires and fears is more than a king. -1993
• Mindful manifesto is the catalyst to a tranquil self (विचारपरक संकल्प स्वयं के शांतचित्त रहने का उत्प्रेरक है )-2020
• ‘The past’ is a permanent dimension of human consciousness and values. -2018
• A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge. -2018
• There is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so. -2003
• Disinterested intellectual curiosity is the lifeblood of civilisation. -1995
• Joy is the simplest form of gratitude. -2017
• Compassion is the basic of all morality of the world -1993
• Lending hands to someone is better than giving a dole. -2015
• Be the change you want to see in others (Gandhi)-2013
• Reality does not conform to the ideal, but confirms it. -2018
• Truth is lived, not taught -1996
• When money speaks, the truth is silent. -1995
• Search for truth can only be a spiritual problem. -2002
• Discipline means success, anarchy means ruin -2008
• Youth is a blunder, manhood a struggle, old age a regret -1994
• If youth knew, if age could. -2002
• Youth culture today. -1999
• Fifty Golds in Olympics: Can this be a reality for India? -2014
• Quick but steady wins the race. -2015
• Useless life is an early death. -1994
• Our deeds determine us, as much as we determine our deeds. -1995
• The paths of glory lead but to the grave. -2002
• The pursuit of excellence. -2001
• Greater political power alone will not improve women’s plight. -1997
• Women’s reservation bill would usher in empowerment for women in India. -2006
• The new emerging women power: the ground realities. -1995
• If women ruled the world -2005
• The hand that rocks the cradle -2005
• Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality (पितृ-सत्ता की व्यवस्था नजर मैं बहुत काम आने के बावजूद सामाजिक विषमता की सबसे प्रभावी संरचना है) -2020
• Fulfilment of ‘new woman’ in India is a myth. -2017
• If development is not engendered, it is endangered. -2016
• Whither women’s emancipation? -2004
• Empowerment alone cannot help our women. -2001
• Women empowerment: challenges and prospects. -1999
• Woman is god’s best creation. -1998
• Men have failed: let women take over. -1993
• Managing work and home – is the Indian working woman getting a fair deal ?-2012
• South Asian societies are woven not around the state, but around their plural cultures and plural identities. -2019
• Geography may remain the same ; history need not. -2010
• Modernisation and westernisation are not identical concepts. -1994
• ‘globalization’ vs. ‘nationalism’ -2009
• National identity and patriotism -2008
• Globalizations and its impact on Indian culture. -2004
• The masks of new imperialism. -2003
• As civilization advances culture declines. -2003
• The implications of globalization for India. -2000
• My vision of an ideal world order. -2001
• India’s contribution to world wisdom. -1998
• The world of the twenty-first century. -1998
• Preparedness of our society for India’s global leadership role. -2010
• Technology as the silent factor in international relations (अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संबंधों मैं मौन करक के रूप मैं प्रौद्योगिकी) -2020
• Has the Non-Alignment Movement (NAM) lost its relevance in a multipolar world ? -2017
• Restructuring of UNO reflect present realities -1996
• The global order: political and economic -1993
• India’s role in promoting ASEAN co-operation. -2004
• Importance of Indo-US nuclear agreement -2006
• Management of Indian border dispute is a complex task. -2018
• In the Indian context , both human intelligence and technical intelligence are crucial in combating terrorism -2011
• Are we a ‘soft’ state ? -2009
• Good fences make good neighbours -2009
• Is autonomy the best answer to combat balkanization? -2007
• Terrorism and world peace -2005
• True religion cannot be misused. -1997
• Spirituality and scientific temper. -2003
• Science and Mysticism : Are they compatible ?-2012
• Modern technological education and human values. -2002
• Value-based science and education. -1999
• The march of science and the erosion of human values. -2001
• Rise of Artificial Intelligence: the threat of jobless future or better job opportunities through reskilling and upskilling. -2019
• ‘Social media’ is inherently a selfish medium. -2017
• Cyberspace and Internet : Blessing or curse to the human civilization in the long run -2016
• Increasing computerization would lead to the creation of a dehumanized society. -2006
• The cyberworld: its charms and challenges. -2000
• Computer: the harbinger of silent revolution. -1993
• Technology cannot replace manpower. -2015
• Science and technology is the panacea for the growth and security of the nation-2013
• The modern doctor and his patients. -1997
• The lure of space. -2004

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Thank you sir, Please also upload for other subject (GS 1, 2,3,4) It will be a great help

Thank you sir

UPSC solved essay papers

Essay paper download

Thank you sir please provide essay question paper PDF

Thank you so much sir

How to downloded

is essay upsc allowed written in nepali medium ?

Thank You Sir!!

Hii download kese karana he

Need to download

it is arranged nicely, Thank you sir

Where is the link plz help me

Sir,from where we can get model answers (for general idea )of this previous year asked essays. Thanks for sharing above information.

Pl. Send more info.

Great efforts

Sir plz share pvq questions

really amazing guide

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How To Prepare For UPSC CAPF 2024 Paper 1 and 2

This article shares advice on getting ready for the UPSC CAPF 2024 Paper 1 and 2. By following these steps, candidates can do well in the exam and get high scores.

Table of Contents

UPSC has released the notification for CAPF (Central Armed Police Forces) for the recruitment of 506 posts as Assistant Commandant in BSF, CRPF, CISF, ITBP, SSB. There are three stages in this exam. We have described them one by one in the article.  Aspiring candidates should start preparing for the written examination that will be held on 4 August 2024.This examination requires consistent and sincere efforts to score good marks in the written exam to be called for other stages of examination.

There are three stages in this exam:     

The written examination is conducted in two stages on the same day:

• Paper 1 has questions about General Ability and Intelligence, and it’s in multiple-choice format.
• Paper 2 includes General Studies, Essay writing, and Comprehension, and it requires descriptive answers.

UPSC CAPF has a vast syllabus and the level of exam conducted is similar to that of other UPSC exams. This makes it more difficult to crack but with good preparation and strategy it is easy to crack. To help you with your preparation we are providing tips and topics after making a detailed analysis of previous year questions. 

Tips To Prepare For General Ability and intelligence (Paper I)

Paper 1 is conducted in Pen-Paper mode. A Total of 125 questions are asked from 6 subjects as mentioned below:

General Ability and intelligence

This section includes Math and Reasoning. Here’s what you should prioritize while preparing for this section.

• A total of 9-10 questions are asked from this topic.
• Solving PYQ of reasoning is more than enough.
• For math, start by basic Arithmetic Math like Percentage, Piipe and Cistern, Speed time and distance etc . 
• In Advance Math, Mensuration and Geometry questions are of more importance.
• Numerical ability and Data interpretation are the most scoring topics.

General Science

  This section includes questions related to basic Science and Technology. It is one of the most important sections that should not be ignored. Here’s some important topics for General Science 

• Recent updates and advancements in Information Technology, Biotechnology and Environment Science
• Important Chemistry equations and concepts
• Practice numerical based questions in Physics 
• Cover Physics, chemistry, biology from NCERTs for better understanding.

Current Events

Current affairs hold great importance in CAPF, there is wide categories of topics, out of them all we have mentioned some:- 

• Read Newspaper on daily basis, this will help you in both Paper 1 and Paper 2 
• Follow weekly and monthly Current Affairs
• More preference on topics of National Interest, Defence advancements, Space missions, Maritime advancements, International organisations, Organisations for Military and Economic Collaborations.

Indian Polity and Economy

This section is very important as direct questions are asked from here, we should follow the rule of Read, Revise, Repeat in Polity and Economy.

• Start by reading PYQs, to know about the pattern of questions. 
• Revision is the key for Polity.
• Approach of study should be topic wise like Articles, Committees, Amendments, Lok Sabha etc.
• Basic terms and formulas of Economy

History is a vast subject, students often get distracted by the wide range of topics. By focusing on the following you can stay on track in your History preparation. 

• Refer to PYQs to get insight into the pattern.
• History is divided into different time periods for our convenience. 
• Start in chronological order from prehistoric to modern history
• Give special attention to Modern History National movements, Dynasties and Rulers, Indus Valley Civilizations etc
• Note down topics while solving PYQ and read them separately 

India and World Geography

This section covers the Geography of India as well as the World. Proper notes with the help of Maps & Diagrams should be maintained to grasp the topics more easily. Here is the points that you must remember.

• Solving PYQ of CDS and NDA Geography will add great value to your CAPF prep. 
• Use maps to study topics of Mountains, Rivers, Winds, Mountain passes, Grasslands.
• Use topic wise study approach
• Focus separately on Physical geography, Regional geography and World geography.

It is advised to solve daily quizzes for each subject and give at least two mock tests weekly. This will help you to not only keep track of your preparation, you will also know the types of questions that are asked in CAPF.

Tips To Prepare For General studies, Essay and Comprehension (Paper II)

Paper 2 is a descriptive paper which includes Comprehension, Precis writing, developing counter arguments, simple grammar and other aspects of language testing. Writing essays on topics related to Modern Indian history, Freedom Struggles,Geography, Polity and Economy, Security and Human Right Issues and issues of National Importance.

Types of Questions Asked In Paper II

Essay Writing is a way to express your thoughts and ideas on a particular topic. It involves organizing your thoughts into paragraphs, with each paragraph focusing on different points. Essays have an introduction body, paragraphs and a conclusion. You can practice by writing on following topics:

• Unemployment and New Education Policy
• Work from home- A Boon or Bane
• Women in Indian Armed forces
• Price Rise 

Arguments for and against are questions in which you are provided topics and you have to decide if you are writing against the topic or for the topic. In Arguments for, points that support the topic or idea are discussed. In Arguments against , points that are against the topic or oppose it are discussed. Try writing for and against for following topics:

• Modifies crops are necessary for food sufficiency
• Video games sharpen the mind

In Report Writing , you have to communicate information in an organized manner. It involves adding of data, factual information and should be free from biases or personal opinions. We are providing some previously asked topics for report writing:

• Depletion of Water table in major cities
• Green Energy progress in India 
• Increasing presence of Women in Sports

Precis Writing is rewriting of a given passage keeping it short by adding only main points and ideas to understand the main message meaning. Students have to first read the whole passage and have to write a shorter version in their own words.

In Comprehension and Passage , a comprehension with passages are provided and questions are asked that need to be answered in descriptive form. Students who read newspapers on a daily basis can easily do this. 

In rewriting of sentences , grammatically incorrect sentences are provided and you have to find the error and rewrite the correct sentence. Students should have grammatical knowledge to do well in this type of question.

How To Score Good Marks In CAPF Paper II?

• Read newspaper and watch documentaries 
• Practice essay writing on a daily basis. To add more value to your essay  use statistical data, use numbers to show accuracy and add more factual information.
• Stay updated with national developments and government policies.
• Practice comprehension on a daily basis to enhance your reading abilities. 
• Strong hold of english grammar 
• The more you will read , the better you will be able to write well. 

Physical and Medical Test (Second Stage)

Individuals who clear the written exam are called for a Physical test followed by a Medical test. Candidates are advised to devote at least two hours on a daily basis for running practice and other sports activities. 

• Eating a balanced diet
• Take care of nutritional needs
• Indulging in sports 
• Practise running 
• Do yoga and meditation

Interview and Personality Test (Third Stage)

In the Interview and Personality test, the personality of the candidate , leadership qualities and suitability for the role of assistant commandant are checked. It is a test of overall personality and behavior which can’t be developed overnight. You have to add hobbies and habits in your daily routine to develop the qualities they are looking for:

• Read newspaper daily
• Stay updated with the latest national and international news
• Spend time with your family and friends
• Work on your physical ability 
• Know your armed forces well
• Have full knowledge about the organisation you are applying for
• Speak in front of mirror to develop speaking skills
• Spend more time with people of same mindset 

In this article, we have discussed how to start your preparation for the UPSC CAPF exam. Candidates preparing for this exam can make full use of the resources available on our website defenceadda.com and application Adda247. We hope that this article will help you to clear this exam. 

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UPSC CAPF Previous Year Paper: PDF Download

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UPSC CAPF Previous Year Paper is a crucial study resource to prepare well for the written exam. Practising questions from the UPSC CAPF AC previous year question paper with solutions will help candidates master the concepts and advance their preparation.  The UPSC CAPF question paper provides information about the topics from which questions are asked frequently in the exam. Solving past papers will also help them identify the sections requiring more focus and dedication. In this article, we have compiled PDFs of UPSC CAPF Previous Year Papers with the latest exam patterns and trends.

UPSC CAPF Previous Year Paper 2024

UPSC CAPF Previous Year Paper is a useful resource to get insights into exam format, distribution of marks and marking scheme. Those planning to appear in the upcoming written exam must get their hands on the UPSC CAPF previous year's paper PDF to identify the level of their preparation and strategize accordingly. Get the direct link to download the UPSC CAPF previous question paper PDF from 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019 and 2018 on this page.

UPSC CAPF Previous Year Papers PDF

Aspirants must solve questions from the UPSC CAPF Previous Year Paper pdf to know the types of topics trending over the years along with their weightage in the exam. Additionally, they must attempt the UPSC CAPF AC previous year question papers to learn about the mistakes that must be avoided in the exam. Here are the UPSC CAPF previous papers PDFs for 2023, 2022, 2021, and 2020 shared below.

Benefits of Solving UPSC CAPF Previous Year Papers

Solving questions from the UPSC CAPF previous year papers comes with endless benefits. Some of them are discussed below.

• It enables candidates to gauge their preparation level and build a strategic plan to achieve favourable results.
• Practising UPSC CAPF previous papers will also help them to revise the concepts that have been studied so far and will strengthen their base.
• Solving questions from the previous year papers will help them discover their strengths and weaknesses.

How to Attempt UPSC CAPF Previous Year Paper?

Here is the step-by-step guide to solving questions from the UPSC CAPF Previous Year Paper shared below:

• Read carefully all the questions in the UPSC CAPF Previous Year Question Paper.
• Place the stopwatch or timer to solve questions in a real-time environment.
• Attempt easy questions first and keep difficult ones for last to solve UPSC CAPF AC previous year papers.
• Once the entire paper is solved, tally your response with the UPSC CAPF answer key to elevate your preparation.

UPSC CAPF Exam Pattern 2024

Candidates must go through the UPSC CAPF Previous Year Paper pattern to learn about the exam details prescribed in the official notification. Paper I will be of the objective (multiple answers) type, in which the questions will be set in English as well as Hindi. In Paper II, candidates will be allowed the option of writing the essay component in English or Hindi, but the medium of precis writing, comprehension components and other communications/language skills will be English only. The UPSC CAPF exam pattern 2024 for the written exam is shared below.

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UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Question Paper - Download PDF

The UPSC Mains exam commenced on 15 September 2023. It started with the UPSC Essay paper. It is an important paper and counts for 250 marks in total in the UPSC Mains exam. In this article, you can download the UPSC Mains essay paper PDF. There are a total of nine papers in the IAS mains exam. On the first day, i.e., 15 September, only one paper, the UPSC Mains essay paper was conducted. Candidates can go through the UPSC calendar for a detailed schedule of the UPSC mains 2023 exam.

UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2023

The UPSC essay paper was held at 9 AM on 15 September. You can download the UPSC essay paper 2023 from the link below.

UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2023 – Question Paper Download Download PDF Here

UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Paper Topics

• Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.
• Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.
• Not all who wander are lost.
• Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane.
• Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines.
• Mathematics is the music of reason.
• A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity.
• Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school

Download the other UPSC 2023 Mains question papers in the link.

UPSC Essay Paper Pattern

• The UPSC Essay paper segment consists of two sections A and B.
• Both sections have about four questions each.
• The candidates have to choose one topic from each section, thus having to answer 2 essay questions in total.
• The word limit for each question is to be within the range of 1000-1200 words.
• The marks for each question is 125, thus the total allotted marks are 250.
• The paper will be included for merit ranking and is not just for qualifying purposes.
• The candidates are expected to keep close to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in an orderly fashion and to write concisely. To understand how to approach the essay paper and the topics to be focused on during preparation, check the link here .

Candidates can download the UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2022 in the linked article.

For more information about the UPSC essay paper and preparation strategy, check the links below.

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[MISSION 2024] Insights SECURE : Daily UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practice: 13 May 2024

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How to Follow Secure Initiative?

How to self-evaluate your answer , mission – 2023: yearlong timetable, join ipm 4.0 to get an assured review of 2 secure answers everyday, general studies – 1.

Topic: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.

1. During the colonial period, Indian handicrafts declined, and they did not improve much post-independence. India has to promote its rich heritage of handicrafts, empower artisan communities, and revitalize this important sector for its growth and development. Analyse. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Easy

Reference: Insights on India

Why the question: The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1. Key Demand of the question: To write about the reasons for decline of Indian handicrafts under British rule. Directive word:  Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. Structure of the answer: Introduction:  Begin by giving context about flourishing Indian handicrafts before arrival of British. Body: Write the reasons for collapse of handicrafts under colonial rule – introduction of British made goods and ignorance of Indian Handicrafts Industries, policy of De-industrialization, transformed India to a mere exporter of raw materials for the upcoming modern industries in Britain etc. Next, write about the steps that are needed to promote them – supportive policies, market access, skill development, technology adoption, cultural heritage promotion, and institutional support etc. Conclusion: Conclude by writing a way forward.

Topic: geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.

2. By taking a leadership role in exploratory activities related to freshwater extraction, India can contribute to global efforts to ensure water security and promote sustainable development. Discuss. (150 words)

Difficulty level: Tough

Reference: The Hindu

Why the question: Statistics show that the total volume of water on earth is estimated at 1.386 billion km3, where 97.5% is salt water and 2.5% freshwater. Out of this freshwater, only 0.3% is in liquid form on the surface, which means that the rest of the freshwater is underground, including on or under the ocean bed. Key Demand of the question: To write about demand for freshwater and role India can play in freshwater extraction. Directive word:  Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments. Structure of the answer: Introduction:  Begin by giving statistic about freshwater. Body: In the first part, write about the water scarcity across the world.  Next, write about the measures that India can take in this regard to extract freshwater in a sustainable and equitable manner. Conclusion: Conclude by summarising.

General Studies – 2

Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.

3. The trade agreement between India and EFTA is expected to give a much-needed boost to bilateral trade and economic relations, laying the groundwork for deeper cooperation and mutual benefits in the years to come. Analyse. (250 words)

Why the question: Before election fever gripped the country, India managed to clinch a historic trade deal, in March, with the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), comprising Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. Key Demand of the question: To write about the impact of India signing trade agreement with EFTA Directive word:  Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts. Structure of the answer: Introduction:  Begin by giving context. Body: First, write about the major features of the trade agreement with EFTA. Next, write about major benefits it is expected to bring – significant economic benefits, such as better integrated and more resilient supply etc. Next, write about the major concerns associated with it – geopolitical implications, actual scale of investment etc. Conclusion: Conclude by writing a way forward.

General Studies – 3

Topic: Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, Nano-technology, biotechnology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.

4. Explain the process additive manufacturing. Examine advantages and limitations of the additive manufacturing process. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate

Reference: Indian Express ,  Insights on India

Why the question:  Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully tested a liquid rocket engine made with the help of additive manufacturing technology — commonly known as 3D printing. Key Demand of the question: To write about additive manufacturing or 3D printing, its potential and limitations. Directive word: Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications. Structure of the answer: Introduction:  Begin by defining additive manufacturing or 3D printing Body: First, write about process of 3D printing in detail – digital 3D model is created, then sliced into layers, generating instructions for the printer. The printer follows these instructions, depositing material layer by layer and solidifying or bonding it. Use flow chart for better presentation. Next, write about the potential applications of 3D printing. Cite examples to substantiate. Next, write about the limitations of 3D printing – complexity and scalability of the process, quality control issues, and high costs. Conclusion: Conclude with a way forward.

Topic: Disaster and disaster management.

5.  As forest fires become more frequent in India, it’s crucial to implement measures to combat them effectively in both the short term and long term. Discuss. (250 words)

Reference: Indian Express

Why the question: The article explains the recent forest fires that occurred in Goa, India, in March 2023. It describes the causes and impact of the fires, which destroyed large areas of forest and wildlife habitats. Key Demand of the question: To write about causes of forest fires in India and measures need to mitigate them. Directive word:  Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments. Structure of the answer: Introduction: Start by defining forest fires and statistic regarding rising instances of forest fires in India. Body: Draw a small illustrative diagram showing major forest fire prone areas and discuss the reasons of forest fires Next, discuss the efforts that are needed to be taken in this direction. Short term- early detection, rapid response, community engagement, collaboration, and public awareness campaigns. Next, write about Long-term strategies – sustainable forest management, ecosystem restoration, climate change mitigation, capacity building, research, innovation, and policy strengthening etc. Conclusion: Conclude with way forward.

General Studies – 4

Topic: Citizen’s Charters

6. Citizen charters in India face inadequacies which impede their effectiveness. Analyse. (150 words)

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Key Demand of the question: To write about limitations of citizen charters and measures to overcome them. Why the question: The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4. Directive word:  Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. Structure of the answer: Introduction: Begin by defining citizen charter. Body: First, mention the shortcoming of citizen charters – not formulated through a consultative process, lack of awareness, absence of grievance redressal etc. Next, suggest steps to overcome the above shortcomings. Conclusion: Conclude by stressing on need to make the charters effective to provide high quality public service delivery.

Topic: ethical issues in international relations and funding;

7. By integrating pluralism and responsibility into their foreign policies and diplomatic practices, countries across the world can transform ethics from a theoretical concept into a guiding principle of international relations. Elaborate. (150 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate.

Why the question: The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4. Key Demand of the question: To explain about role of pluralism and responsibility in upholding international ethics. Directive word:  Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts. Structure of the answer: Introduction: Start by describing the ethical issues in international relations. Body: Write about as to how ethics in international relations remain a theory as they are seldom implemented in practice. Substantiate with examples. Next, write about how pluralism, responsibility and fairness can make a difference in transforming ethic in international relations. Link these to recent happenings across the world. Conclusion: Conclude by mentioning the need of uphold ethics in international relations.

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