logic and critical thinking worksheets

Critical thinking definition

Critical thinking, as described by Oxford Languages, is the objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a judgement.

Active and skillful approach, evaluation, assessment, synthesis, and/or evaluation of information obtained from, or made by, observation, knowledge, reflection, acumen or conversation, as a guide to belief and action, requires the critical thinking process, which is why it's often used in education and academics.

Some even may view it as a backbone of modern thought.

However, it's a skill, and skills must be trained and encouraged to be used at its full potential.

People turn up to various approaches in improving their critical thinking, like:

• Developing technical and problem-solving skills
• Engaging in more active listening
• Actively questioning their assumptions and beliefs
• Seeking out more diversity of thought
• Opening up their curiosity in an intellectual way etc.

Is critical thinking useful in writing?

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• Which information resources should the author look to?
• What degree of technical knowledge should the report assume its audience has?
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• How should the report be organized?
• How should it be designed?
• What tone and level of language difficulty should the document have?

Usage of critical thinking comes down not only to the outline of your paper, it also begs the question: How can we use critical thinking solving problems in our writing's topic?

Let's say, you have a Powerpoint on how critical thinking can reduce poverty in the United States. You'll primarily have to define critical thinking for the viewers, as well as use a lot of critical thinking questions and synonyms to get them to be familiar with your methods and start the thinking process behind it.

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Introduction to Logic and Critical Thinking

(10 reviews)

Matthew Van Cleave, Lansing Community College

Copyright Year: 2016

Publisher: Matthew J. Van Cleave

Language: English

Formats Available

Conditions of use.

Learn more about reviews.

Reviewed by "yusef" Alexander Hayes, Professor, North Shore Community College on 6/9/21

Formal and informal reasoning, argument structure, and fallacies are covered comprehensively, meeting the author's goal of both depth and succinctness. read more

Comprehensiveness rating: 5 see less

Formal and informal reasoning, argument structure, and fallacies are covered comprehensively, meeting the author's goal of both depth and succinctness.

Content Accuracy rating: 5

The book is accurate.

Relevance/Longevity rating: 5

While many modern examples are used, and they are helpful, they are not necessarily needed. The usefulness of logical principles and skills have proved themselves, and this text presents them clearly with many examples.

Clarity rating: 5

It is obvious that the author cares about their subject, audience, and students. The text is comprehensible and interesting.

Consistency rating: 5

The format is easy to understand and is consistent in framing.

Modularity rating: 5

This text would be easy to adapt.

Organization/Structure/Flow rating: 5

The organization is excellent, my one suggestion would be a concluding chapter.

Interface rating: 5

I accessed the PDF version and it would be easy to work with.

Grammatical Errors rating: 5

The writing is excellent.

Cultural Relevance rating: 5

This is not an offensive text.

Reviewed by Susan Rottmann, Part-time Lecturer, University of Southern Maine on 3/2/21

I reviewed this book for a course titled "Creative and Critical Inquiry into Modern Life." It won't meet all my needs for that course, but I haven't yet found a book that would. I wanted to review this one because it states in the preface that it... read more

Comprehensiveness rating: 4 see less

I reviewed this book for a course titled "Creative and Critical Inquiry into Modern Life." It won't meet all my needs for that course, but I haven't yet found a book that would. I wanted to review this one because it states in the preface that it fits better for a general critical thinking course than for a true logic course. I'm not sure that I'd agree. I have been using Browne and Keeley's "Asking the Right Questions: A Guide to Critical Thinking," and I think that book is a better introduction to critical thinking for non-philosophy majors. However, the latter is not open source so I will figure out how to get by without it in the future. Overall, the book seems comprehensive if the subject is logic. The index is on the short-side, but fine. However, one issue for me is that there are no page numbers on the table of contents, which is pretty annoying if you want to locate particular sections.

Content Accuracy rating: 4

I didn't find any errors. In general the book uses great examples. However, they are very much based in the American context, not for an international student audience. Some effort to broaden the chosen examples would make the book more widely applicable.

Relevance/Longevity rating: 4

I think the book will remain relevant because of the nature of the material that it addresses, however there will be a need to modify the examples in future editions and as the social and political context changes.

Clarity rating: 3

The text is lucid, but I think it would be difficult for introductory-level students who are not philosophy majors. For example, in Browne and Keeley's "Asking the Right Questions: A Guide to Critical Thinking," the sub-headings are very accessible, such as "Experts cannot rescue us, despite what they say" or "wishful thinking: perhaps the biggest single speed bump on the road to critical thinking." By contrast, Van Cleave's "Introduction to Logic and Critical Thinking" has more subheadings like this: "Using your own paraphrases of premises and conclusions to reconstruct arguments in standard form" or "Propositional logic and the four basic truth functional connectives." If students are prepared very well for the subject, it would work fine, but for students who are newly being introduced to critical thinking, it is rather technical.

It seems to be very consistent in terms of its terminology and framework.

Modularity rating: 4

The book is divided into 4 chapters, each having many sub-chapters. In that sense, it is readily divisible and modular. However, as noted above, there are no page numbers on the table of contents, which would make assigning certain parts rather frustrating. Also, I'm not sure why the book is only four chapter and has so many subheadings (for instance 17 in Chapter 2) and a length of 242 pages. Wouldn't it make more sense to break up the book into shorter chapters? I think this would make it easier to read and to assign in specific blocks to students.

Organization/Structure/Flow rating: 4

The organization of the book is fine overall, although I think adding page numbers to the table of contents and breaking it up into more separate chapters would help it to be more easily navigable.

Interface rating: 4

The book is very simply presented. In my opinion it is actually too simple. There are few boxes or diagrams that highlight and explain important points.

The text seems fine grammatically. I didn't notice any errors.

The book is written with an American audience in mind, but I did not notice culturally insensitive or offensive parts.

Overall, this book is not for my course, but I think it could work well in a philosophy course.

Reviewed by Daniel Lee, Assistant Professor of Economics and Leadership, Sweet Briar College on 11/11/19

This textbook is not particularly comprehensive (4 chapters long), but I view that as a benefit. In fact, I recommend it for use outside of traditional logic classes, but rather interdisciplinary classes that evaluate argument read more

Comprehensiveness rating: 3 see less

This textbook is not particularly comprehensive (4 chapters long), but I view that as a benefit. In fact, I recommend it for use outside of traditional logic classes, but rather interdisciplinary classes that evaluate argument

To the best of my ability, I regard this content as accurate, error-free, and unbiased

The book is broadly relevant and up-to-date, with a few stray temporal references (sydney olympics, particular presidencies). I don't view these time-dated examples as problematic as the logical underpinnings are still there and easily assessed

Clarity rating: 4

My only pushback on clarity is I didn't find the distinction between argument and explanation particularly helpful/useful/easy to follow. However, this experience may have been unique to my class.

To the best of my ability, I regard this content as internally consistent

I found this text quite modular, and was easily able to integrate other texts into my lessons and disregard certain chapters or sub-sections

The book had a logical and consistent structure, but to the extent that there are only 4 chapters, there isn't much scope for alternative approaches here

No problems with the book's interface

The text is grammatically sound

Cultural Relevance rating: 4

Perhaps the text could have been more universal in its approach. While I didn't find the book insensitive per-se, logic can be tricky here because the point is to evaluate meaningful (non-trivial) arguments, but any argument with that sense of gravity can also be traumatic to students (abortion, death penalty, etc)

No additional comments

Reviewed by Lisa N. Thomas-Smith, Graduate Part-time Instructor, CU Boulder on 7/1/19

The text covers all the relevant technical aspects of introductory logic and critical thinking, and covers them well. A separate glossary would be quite helpful to students. However, the terms are clearly and thoroughly explained within the text,... read more

The text covers all the relevant technical aspects of introductory logic and critical thinking, and covers them well. A separate glossary would be quite helpful to students. However, the terms are clearly and thoroughly explained within the text, and the index is very thorough.

The content is excellent. The text is thorough and accurate with no errors that I could discern. The terminology and exercises cover the material nicely and without bias.

The text should easily stand the test of time. The exercises are excellent and would be very helpful for students to internalize correct critical thinking practices. Because of the logical arrangement of the text and the many sub-sections, additional material should be very easy to add.

The text is extremely clearly and simply written. I anticipate that a diligent student could learn all of the material in the text with little additional instruction. The examples are relevant and easy to follow.

The text did not confuse terms or use inconsistent terminology, which is very important in a logic text. The discipline often uses multiple terms for the same concept, but this text avoids that trap nicely.

The text is fairly easily divisible. Since there are only four chapters, those chapters include large blocks of information. However, the chapters themselves are very well delineated and could be easily broken up so that parts could be left out or covered in a different order from the text.

The flow of the text is excellent. All of the information is handled solidly in an order that allows the student to build on the information previously covered.

The PDF Table of Contents does not include links or page numbers which would be very helpful for navigation. Other than that, the text was very easy to navigate. All the images, charts, and graphs were very clear

I found no grammatical errors in the text.

Cultural Relevance rating: 3

The text including examples and exercises did not seem to be offensive or insensitive in any specific way. However, the examples included references to black and white people, but few others. Also, the text is very American specific with many examples from and for an American audience. More diversity, especially in the examples, would be appropriate and appreciated.

Reviewed by Leslie Aarons, Associate Professor of Philosophy, CUNY LaGuardia Community College on 5/16/19

This is an excellent introductory (first-year) Logic and Critical Thinking textbook. The book covers the important elementary information, clearly discussing such things as the purpose and basic structure of an argument; the difference between an... read more

This is an excellent introductory (first-year) Logic and Critical Thinking textbook. The book covers the important elementary information, clearly discussing such things as the purpose and basic structure of an argument; the difference between an argument and an explanation; validity; soundness; and the distinctions between an inductive and a deductive argument in accessible terms in the first chapter. It also does a good job introducing and discussing informal fallacies (Chapter 4). The incorporation of opportunities to evaluate real-world arguments is also very effective. Chapter 2 also covers a number of formal methods of evaluating arguments, such as Venn Diagrams and Propositional logic and the four basic truth functional connectives, but to my mind, it is much more thorough in its treatment of Informal Logic and Critical Thinking skills, than it is of formal logic. I also appreciated that Van Cleave’s book includes exercises with answers and an index, but there is no glossary; which I personally do not find detracts from the book's comprehensiveness.

Overall, Van Cleave's book is error-free and unbiased. The language used is accessible and engaging. There were no glaring inaccuracies that I was able to detect.

Van Cleave's Textbook uses relevant, contemporary content that will stand the test of time, at least for the next few years. Although some examples use certain subjects like former President Obama, it does so in a useful manner that inspires the use of critical thinking skills. There are an abundance of examples that inspire students to look at issues from many different political viewpoints, challenging students to practice evaluating arguments, and identifying fallacies. Many of these exercises encourage students to critique issues, and recognize their own inherent reader-biases and challenge their own beliefs--hallmarks of critical thinking.

As mentioned previously, the author has an accessible style that makes the content relatively easy to read and engaging. He also does a suitable job explaining jargon/technical language that is introduced in the textbook.

Van Cleave uses terminology consistently and the chapters flow well. The textbook orients the reader by offering effective introductions to new material, step-by-step explanations of the material, as well as offering clear summaries of each lesson.

This textbook's modularity is really quite good. Its language and structure are not overly convoluted or too-lengthy, making it convenient for individual instructors to adapt the materials to suit their methodological preferences.

The topics in the textbook are presented in a logical and clear fashion. The structure of the chapters are such that it is not necessary to have to follow the chapters in their sequential order, and coverage of material can be adapted to individual instructor's preferences.

The textbook is free of any problematic interface issues. Topics, sections and specific content are accessible and easy to navigate. Overall it is user-friendly.

I did not find any significant grammatical issues with the textbook.

The textbook is not culturally insensitive, making use of a diversity of inclusive examples. Materials are especially effective for first-year critical thinking/logic students.

I intend to adopt Van Cleave's textbook for a Critical Thinking class I am teaching at the Community College level. I believe that it will help me facilitate student-learning, and will be a good resource to build additional classroom activities from the materials it provides.

Reviewed by Jennie Harrop, Chair, Department of Professional Studies, George Fox University on 3/27/18

While the book is admirably comprehensive, its extensive details within a few short chapters may feel overwhelming to students. The author tackles an impressive breadth of concepts in Chapter 1, 2, 3, and 4, which leads to 50-plus-page chapters... read more

While the book is admirably comprehensive, its extensive details within a few short chapters may feel overwhelming to students. The author tackles an impressive breadth of concepts in Chapter 1, 2, 3, and 4, which leads to 50-plus-page chapters that are dense with statistical analyses and critical vocabulary. These topics are likely better broached in manageable snippets rather than hefty single chapters.

The ideas addressed in Introduction to Logic and Critical Thinking are accurate but at times notably political. While politics are effectively used to exemplify key concepts, some students may be distracted by distinct political leanings.

The terms and definitions included are relevant, but the examples are specific to the current political, cultural, and social climates, which could make the materials seem dated in a few years without intentional and consistent updates.

While the reasoning is accurate, the author tends to complicate rather than simplify -- perhaps in an effort to cover a spectrum of related concepts. Beginning readers are likely to be overwhelmed and under-encouraged by his approach.

Consistency rating: 3

The four chapters are somewhat consistent in their play of definition, explanation, and example, but the structure of each chapter varies according to the concepts covered. In the third chapter, for example, key ideas are divided into sub-topics numbering from 3.1 to 3.10. In the fourth chapter, the sub-divisions are further divided into sub-sections numbered 4.1.1-4.1.5, 4.2.1-4.2.2, and 4.3.1 to 4.3.6. Readers who are working quickly to master new concepts may find themselves mired in similarly numbered subheadings, longing for a grounded concepts on which to hinge other key principles.

Modularity rating: 3

The book's four chapters make it mostly self-referential. The author would do well to beak this text down into additional subsections, easing readers' accessibility.

The content of the book flows logically and well, but the information needs to be better sub-divided within each larger chapter, easing the student experience.

The book's interface is effective, allowing readers to move from one section to the next with a single click. Additional sub-sections would ease this interplay even further.

Grammatical Errors rating: 4

Some minor errors throughout.

For the most part, the book is culturally neutral, avoiding direct cultural references in an effort to remain relevant.

Reviewed by Yoichi Ishida, Assistant Professor of Philosophy, Ohio University on 2/1/18

This textbook covers enough topics for a first-year course on logic and critical thinking. Chapter 1 covers the basics as in any standard textbook in this area. Chapter 2 covers propositional logic and categorical logic. In propositional logic,... read more

This textbook covers enough topics for a first-year course on logic and critical thinking. Chapter 1 covers the basics as in any standard textbook in this area. Chapter 2 covers propositional logic and categorical logic. In propositional logic, this textbook does not cover suppositional arguments, such as conditional proof and reductio ad absurdum. But other standard argument forms are covered. Chapter 3 covers inductive logic, and here this textbook introduces probability and its relationship with cognitive biases, which are rarely discussed in other textbooks. Chapter 4 introduces common informal fallacies. The answers to all the exercises are given at the end. However, the last set of exercises is in Chapter 3, Section 5. There are no exercises in the rest of the chapter. Chapter 4 has no exercises either. There is index, but no glossary.

The textbook is accurate.

The content of this textbook will not become obsolete soon.

The textbook is written clearly.

The textbook is internally consistent.

The textbook is fairly modular. For example, Chapter 3, together with a few sections from Chapter 1, can be used as a short introduction to inductive logic.

The textbook is well-organized.

There are no interface issues.

I did not find any grammatical errors.

This textbook is relevant to a first semester logic or critical thinking course.

Reviewed by Payal Doctor, Associate Professro, LaGuardia Community College on 2/1/18

This text is a beginner textbook for arguments and propositional logic. It covers the basics of identifying arguments, building arguments, and using basic logic to construct propositions and arguments. It is quite comprehensive for a beginner... read more

This text is a beginner textbook for arguments and propositional logic. It covers the basics of identifying arguments, building arguments, and using basic logic to construct propositions and arguments. It is quite comprehensive for a beginner book, but seems to be a good text for a course that needs a foundation for arguments. There are exercises on creating truth tables and proofs, so it could work as a logic primer in short sessions or with the addition of other course content.

The books is accurate in the information it presents. It does not contain errors and is unbiased. It covers the essential vocabulary clearly and givens ample examples and exercises to ensure the student understands the concepts

The content of the book is up to date and can be easily updated. Some examples are very current for analyzing the argument structure in a speech, but for this sort of text understandable examples are important and the author uses good examples.

The book is clear and easy to read. In particular, this is a good text for community college students who often have difficulty with reading comprehension. The language is straightforward and concepts are well explained.

The book is consistent in terminology, formatting, and examples. It flows well from one topic to the next, but it is also possible to jump around the text without loosing the voice of the text.

The books is broken down into sub units that make it easy to assign short blocks of content at a time. Later in the text, it does refer to a few concepts that appear early in that text, but these are all basic concepts that must be used to create a clear and understandable text. No sections are too long and each section stays on topic and relates the topic to those that have come before when necessary.

The flow of the text is logical and clear. It begins with the basic building blocks of arguments, and practice identifying more and more complex arguments is offered. Each chapter builds up from the previous chapter in introducing propositional logic, truth tables, and logical arguments. A select number of fallacies are presented at the end of the text, but these are related to topics that were presented before, so it makes sense to have these last.

The text is free if interface issues. I used the PDF and it worked fine on various devices without loosing formatting.

1. The book contains no grammatical errors.

The text is culturally sensitive, but examples used are a bit odd and may be objectionable to some students. For instance, President Obama's speech on Syria is used to evaluate an extended argument. This is an excellent example and it is explained well, but some who disagree with Obama's policies may have trouble moving beyond their own politics. However, other examples look at issues from all political viewpoints and ask students to evaluate the argument, fallacy, etc. and work towards looking past their own beliefs. Overall this book does use a variety of examples that most students can understand and evaluate.

My favorite part of this book is that it seems to be written for community college students. My students have trouble understanding readings in the New York Times, so it is nice to see a logic and critical thinking text use real language that students can understand and follow without the constant need of a dictionary.

Reviewed by Rebecca Owen, Adjunct Professor, Writing, Chemeketa Community College on 6/20/17

This textbook is quite thorough--there are conversational explanations of argument structure and logic. I think students will be happy with the conversational style this author employs. Also, there are many examples and exercises using current... read more

This textbook is quite thorough--there are conversational explanations of argument structure and logic. I think students will be happy with the conversational style this author employs. Also, there are many examples and exercises using current events, funny scenarios, or other interesting ways to evaluate argument structure and validity. The third section, which deals with logical fallacies, is very clear and comprehensive. My only critique of the material included in the book is that the middle section may be a bit dense and math-oriented for learners who appreciate the more informal, informative style of the first and third section. Also, the book ends rather abruptly--it moves from a description of a logical fallacy to the answers for the exercises earlier in the text.

The content is very reader-friendly, and the author writes with authority and clarity throughout the text. There are a few surface-level typos (Starbuck's instead of Starbucks, etc.). None of these small errors detract from the quality of the content, though.

One thing I really liked about this text was the author's wide variety of examples. To demonstrate different facets of logic, he used examples from current media, movies, literature, and many other concepts that students would recognize from their daily lives. The exercises in this text also included these types of pop-culture references, and I think students will enjoy the familiarity--as well as being able to see the logical structures behind these types of references. I don't think the text will need to be updated to reflect new instances and occurrences; the author did a fine job at picking examples that are relatively timeless. As far as the subject matter itself, I don't think it will become obsolete any time soon.

The author writes in a very conversational, easy-to-read manner. The examples used are quite helpful. The third section on logical fallacies is quite easy to read, follow, and understand. A student in an argument writing class could benefit from this section of the book. The middle section is less clear, though. A student learning about the basics of logic might have a hard time digesting all of the information contained in chapter two. This material might be better in two separate chapters. I think the author loses the balance of a conversational, helpful tone and focuses too heavily on equations.

Consistency rating: 4

Terminology in this book is quite consistent--the key words are highlighted in bold. Chapters 1 and 3 follow a similar organizational pattern, but chapter 2 is where the material becomes more dense and equation-heavy. I also would have liked a closing passage--something to indicate to the reader that we've reached the end of the chapter as well as the book.

I liked the overall structure of this book. If I'm teaching an argumentative writing class, I could easily point the students to the chapters where they can identify and practice identifying fallacies, for instance. The opening chapter is clear in defining the necessary terms, and it gives the students an understanding of the toolbox available to them in assessing and evaluating arguments. Even though I found the middle section to be dense, smaller portions could be assigned.

The author does a fine job connecting each defined term to the next. He provides examples of how each defined term works in a sentence or in an argument, and then he provides practice activities for students to try. The answers for each question are listed in the final pages of the book. The middle section feels like the heaviest part of the whole book--it would take the longest time for a student to digest if assigned the whole chapter. Even though this middle section is a bit heavy, it does fit the overall structure and flow of the book. New material builds on previous chapters and sub-chapters. It ends abruptly--I didn't realize that it had ended, and all of a sudden I found myself in the answer section for those earlier exercises.

The simple layout is quite helpful! There is nothing distracting, image-wise, in this text. The table of contents is clearly arranged, and each topic is easy to find.

Tiny edits could be made (Starbuck's/Starbucks, for one). Otherwise, it is free of distracting grammatical errors.

This text is quite culturally relevant. For instance, there is one example that mentions the rumors of Barack Obama's birthplace as somewhere other than the United States. This example is used to explain how to analyze an argument for validity. The more "sensational" examples (like the Obama one above) are helpful in showing argument structure, and they can also help students see how rumors like this might gain traction--as well as help to show students how to debunk them with their newfound understanding of argument and logic.

The writing style is excellent for the subject matter, especially in the third section explaining logical fallacies. Thank you for the opportunity to read and review this text!

Reviewed by Laurel Panser, Instructor, Riverland Community College on 6/20/17

This is a review of Introduction to Logic and Critical Thinking, an open source book version 1.4 by Matthew Van Cleave. The comparison book used was Patrick J. Hurley’s A Concise Introduction to Logic 12th Edition published by Cengage as well as... read more

This is a review of Introduction to Logic and Critical Thinking, an open source book version 1.4 by Matthew Van Cleave. The comparison book used was Patrick J. Hurley’s A Concise Introduction to Logic 12th Edition published by Cengage as well as the 13th edition with the same title. Lori Watson is the second author on the 13th edition.

Competing with Hurley is difficult with respect to comprehensiveness. For example, Van Cleave’s book is comprehensive to the extent that it probably covers at least two-thirds or more of what is dealt with in most introductory, one-semester logic courses. Van Cleave’s chapter 1 provides an overview of argumentation including discerning non-arguments from arguments, premises versus conclusions, deductive from inductive arguments, validity, soundness and more. Much of Van Cleave’s chapter 1 parallel’s Hurley’s chapter 1. Hurley’s chapter 3 regarding informal fallacies is comprehensive while Van Cleave’s chapter 4 on this topic is less extensive. Categorical propositions are a topic in Van Cleave’s chapter 2; Hurley’s chapters 4 and 5 provide more instruction on this, however. Propositional logic is another topic in Van Cleave’s chapter 2; Hurley’s chapters 6 and 7 provide more information on this, though. Van Cleave did discuss messy issues of language meaning briefly in his chapter 1; that is the topic of Hurley’s chapter 2.

Van Cleave’s book includes exercises with answers and an index. A glossary was not included.

Reviews of open source textbooks typically include criteria besides comprehensiveness. These include comments on accuracy of the information, whether the book will become obsolete soon, jargon-free clarity to the extent that is possible, organization, navigation ease, freedom from grammar errors and cultural relevance; Van Cleave’s book is fine in all of these areas. Further criteria for open source books includes modularity and consistency of terminology. Modularity is defined as including blocks of learning material that are easy to assign to students. Hurley’s book has a greater degree of modularity than Van Cleave’s textbook. The prose Van Cleave used is consistent.

Van Cleave’s book will not become obsolete soon.

Van Cleave’s book has accessible prose.

Van Cleave used terminology consistently.

Van Cleave’s book has a reasonable degree of modularity.

Van Cleave’s book is organized. The structure and flow of his book is fine.

Problems with navigation are not present.

Grammar problems were not present.

Van Cleave’s book is culturally relevant.

Van Cleave’s book is appropriate for some first semester logic courses.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Reconstructing and analyzing arguments

• 1.1 What is an argument?
• 1.2 Identifying arguments
• 1.3 Arguments vs. explanations
• 1.4 More complex argument structures
• 1.5 Using your own paraphrases of premises and conclusions to reconstruct arguments in standard form
• 1.6 Validity
• 1.7 Soundness
• 1.8 Deductive vs. inductive arguments
• 1.9 Arguments with missing premises
• 1.10 Assuring, guarding, and discounting
• 1.11 Evaluative language
• 1.12 Evaluating a real-life argument

Chapter 2: Formal methods of evaluating arguments

• 2.1 What is a formal method of evaluation and why do we need them?
• 2.2 Propositional logic and the four basic truth functional connectives
• 2.3 Negation and disjunction
• 2.4 Using parentheses to translate complex sentences
• 2.5 “Not both” and “neither nor”
• 2.6 The truth table test of validity
• 2.7 Conditionals
• 2.8 “Unless”
• 2.9 Material equivalence
• 2.10 Tautologies, contradictions, and contingent statements
• 2.11 Proofs and the 8 valid forms of inference
• 2.12 How to construct proofs
• 2.13 Short review of propositional logic
• 2.14 Categorical logic
• 2.15 The Venn test of validity for immediate categorical inferences
• 2.16 Universal statements and existential commitment
• 2.17 Venn validity for categorical syllogisms

Chapter 3: Evaluating inductive arguments and probabilistic and statistical fallacies

• 3.1 Inductive arguments and statistical generalizations
• 3.2 Inference to the best explanation and the seven explanatory virtues
• 3.3 Analogical arguments
• 3.4 Causal arguments
• 3.5 Probability
• 3.6 The conjunction fallacy
• 3.7 The base rate fallacy
• 3.8 The small numbers fallacy
• 3.9 Regression to the mean fallacy
• 3.10 Gambler's fallacy

Chapter 4: Informal fallacies

• 4.1 Formal vs. informal fallacies
• 4.1.1 Composition fallacy
• 4.1.2 Division fallacy
• 4.1.3 Begging the question fallacy
• 4.1.4 False dichotomy
• 4.1.5 Equivocation
• 4.2 Slippery slope fallacies
• 4.2.1 Conceptual slippery slope
• 4.2.2 Causal slippery slope
• 4.3 Fallacies of relevance
• 4.3.1 Ad hominem
• 4.3.2 Straw man
• 4.3.3 Tu quoque
• 4.3.4 Genetic
• 4.3.5 Appeal to consequences
• 4.3.6 Appeal to authority

Answers to exercises Glossary/Index

Ancillary Material

About the book.

This is an introductory textbook in logic and critical thinking. The goal of the textbook is to provide the reader with a set of tools and skills that will enable them to identify and evaluate arguments. The book is intended for an introductory course that covers both formal and informal logic. As such, it is not a formal logic textbook, but is closer to what one would find marketed as a “critical thinking textbook.”

About the Contributors

Matthew Van Cleave ,   PhD, Philosophy, University of Cincinnati, 2007.  VAP at Concordia College (Moorhead), 2008-2012.  Assistant Professor at Lansing Community College, 2012-2016. Professor at Lansing Community College, 2016-

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Logic Problem Worksheets

Customize logic problem worksheets.

If you're assigning this to your students, copy the worksheet to your account and save. When creating an assignment, just select it as a template!

Exploring Logic Problem Worksheets

Incorporating logic puzzle worksheets into your teaching or parenting repertoire is a great way to engage students, exercise their minds, and foster critical thinking skills. Whether you're focusing on math challenges, geometry, or general logical thinking, these puzzles offer a free and enjoyable way for students to practice and improve their problem-solving abilities. So, print some riddles worksheets today, and watch your students' logical thinking skills flourish.

Logic Problem Worksheet Ideas

• Geometry Challenge Quest (Geometry Logic Worksheets): High school students solve geometry puzzles using worksheets. They apply geometric knowledge to crack codes and find hidden treasures.
• Logic Olympics (Logic Puzzle Worksheets for High School): High school students compete in solving challenging puzzles, earning points for correct solutions in a friendly Olympics competition.
• Logical Detective Challenge (Proof Worksheet): Students act as detectives, using proof worksheets to solve a fictional crime by constructing logical proofs based on evidence.
• Building Logical Bridges (Logic Model Worksheet): Students use model worksheets to create flowcharts and decision trees, helping them visualize and understand complex processes.
• Escape Room: The Logic Lab (Logic Puzzles for 5th Graders): 5th graders work together to escape a virtual lab by solving puzzles, deciphering clues, and unlocking locks.
• Picnic Adventure (3rd Grade Logic Problems): 3rd graders embark on a virtual picnic adventure filled with problems to foster critical thinking and logic skills while having fun.

Steps to Make a Logic Problem Worksheet

• Choose a Theme or Scenario: Choose a theme or subject for your worksheet to engage students with context.
• Determine the Rules and Constraints: Set rules and constraints for your puzzle, specifying the number of elements and conditions for solving it according to how difficult or child friendly you want it to be.
• Craft Clues and Hints: Create clear, concise clues logically linked to the puzzle's theme and rules to guide students to the solution.
• Create a Grid or Structure: Design a grid or structure to aid students in organizing information and deductions, tailored to the type of puzzle being created. Grids are commonly employed for tracking potential solutions.
• Test and Refine: Test the worksheet for a unique, solvable solution and adjust difficulty as required to maintain engagement.
• Format and Present: Format the worksheet for clarity and visual appeal, making it easy to read and understand. Ensure it fits standard paper if printed and includes clear instructions, or use user-friendly online formats like PDFs when sharing it digitally.

Storyboard That Resources and Free Printables

Whether you prefer to engage in problem-solving activities on paper or through digital interfaces, there's a versatile learning tool for you, from traditional pen-and-paper exercises to interactive worksheet logic puzzles. Printable worksheets are an alternative to hands-on interactive experiences, and they differ from solving a logic problem online in that they make students engage in dynamic, real-time challenges that encourage active critical thinking. Storyboard That is the ideal online platform for crafting a wide range of educational materials, including printable logic puzzles worksheets. Whether you need logic problems for high school students or logic problems 3rd-graders can solve Storyboard That's user-friendly interface and pre-made templates streamline the process. You can also adapt these materials for online use, ensuring accessibility and flexibility. Storyboard That also provides the convenience of creating logic problems worksheets that are not only engaging but also easily printable, making it a versatile tool for educators seeking to enhance critical thinking skills in students of all ages.

• Cause and Effect Worksheets
• Sequencing Worksheets
• Problem Solving Worksheets
• Making Predictions Worksheets

How to Make a Logic Problems Worksheet

Choose one of the premade templates.

We have lots of templates to choose from. Take a look at our example for inspiration!

Click on "Copy Template"

Once you do this, you will be directed to the storyboard creator.

Give Your Worksheet a Name!

Be sure to call it something related to the topic so that you can easily find it in the future.

Edit Your Worksheet

This is where you will include directions, specific images, and make any aesthetic changes that you would like. The options are endless!

Click "Save and Exit"

When you are finished, click this button in the lower right hand corner to exit your storyboard.

From here you can print, download as a PDF, attach it to an assignment and use it digitally, and more!

Happy Creating!

Frequently Asked Questions about Logic Problems Worksheets

How do logic problem worksheets benefit students.

Logic problem worksheets help students develop critical thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving skills. They also improve attention to detail, logical deduction, and the ability to work with complex information.

Are there different types of logic problems, and if so, what are some examples?

Yes, there are various types of logic problems, including grid logic puzzles (e.g., Sudoku), cryptic crosswords, logic grid puzzles, and math logic problems. Each type presents unique challenges for students.

Do logic problem worksheets only focus on math-related content?

No, logic problem worksheets can cover a wide range of topics and are not limited to math. They can incorporate language, science, history, and more, depending on the chosen theme or scenario.

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PHIL102: Introduction to Critical Thinking and Logic

Course introduction.

• Time: 40 hours
• College Credit Recommended ($25 Proctor Fee) -->
• Free Certificate

The course touches upon a wide range of reasoning skills, from verbal argument analysis to formal logic, visual and statistical reasoning, scientific methodology, and creative thinking. Mastering these skills will help you become a more perceptive reader and listener, a more persuasive writer and presenter, and a more effective researcher and scientist.

The first unit introduces the terrain of critical thinking and covers the basics of meaning analysis, while the second unit provides a primer for analyzing arguments. All of the material in these first units will be built upon in subsequent units, which cover informal and formal logic, Venn diagrams, scientific reasoning, and strategic and creative thinking.

Course Syllabus

First, read the course syllabus. Then, enroll in the course by clicking "Enroll me". Click Unit 1 to read its introduction and learning outcomes. You will then see the learning materials and instructions on how to use them.

Unit 1: Introduction and Meaning Analysis

Critical thinking is a broad classification for a diverse array of reasoning techniques. In general, critical thinking works by breaking arguments and claims down to their basic underlying structure so we can see them clearly and determine whether they are rational. The idea is to help us do a better job of understanding and evaluating what we read, what we hear, and what we write and say.

In this unit, we will define the broad contours of critical thinking and learn why it is a valuable and useful object of study. We will also introduce the fundamentals of meaning analysis: the difference between literal meaning and implication, the principles of definition, how to identify when a disagreement is merely verbal, the distinction between necessary and sufficient conditions, and problems with the imprecision of ordinary language.

Completing this unit should take you approximately 5 hours.

Unit 2: Argument Analysis

Arguments are the fundamental components of all rational discourse: nearly everything we read and write, like scientific reports, newspaper columns, and personal letters, as well as most of our verbal conversations, contain arguments. Picking the arguments out from the rest of our often convoluted discourse can be difficult. Once we have identified an argument, we still need to determine whether or not it is sound. Luckily, arguments obey a set of formal rules that we can use to determine whether they are good or bad.

In this unit, you will learn how to identify arguments, what makes an argument sound as opposed to unsound or merely valid, the difference between deductive and inductive reasoning, and how to map arguments to reveal their structure.

Completing this unit should take you approximately 7 hours.

Unit 3: Basic Sentential Logic

This unit introduces a topic that many students find intimidating: formal logic. Although it sounds difficult and complicated, formal (or symbolic) logic is actually a fairly straightforward way of revealing the structure of reasoning. By translating arguments into symbols, you can more readily see what is right and wrong with them and learn how to formulate better arguments. Advanced courses in formal logic focus on using rules of inference to construct elaborate proofs. Using these techniques, you can solve many complicated problems simply by manipulating symbols on the page. In this course, however, you will only be looking at the most basic properties of a system of logic. In this unit, you will learn how to turn phrases in ordinary language into well-formed formulas, draw truth tables for formulas, and evaluate arguments using those truth tables.

Completing this unit should take you approximately 13 hours.

Unit 4: Venn Diagrams

In addition to using predicate logic, the limitations of sentential logic can also be overcome by using Venn diagrams to illustrate statements and arguments. Statements that include general words like "some" or "few" as well as absolute words like "every" and "all" – so-called categorical statements – lend themselves to being represented on paper as circles that may or may not overlap.

Venn diagrams are especially helpful when dealing with logical arguments called syllogisms. Syllogisms are a special type of three-step argument with two premises and a conclusion, which involve quantifying terms. In this unit, you will learn the basic principles of Venn diagrams, how to use them to represent statements, and how to use them to evaluate arguments.

Completing this unit should take you approximately 6 hours.

Unit 5: Fallacies

Now that you have studied the necessary structure of a good argument and can represent its structure visually, you might think it would be simple to pick out bad arguments. However, identifying bad arguments can be very tricky in practice. Very often, what at first appears to be ironclad reasoning turns out to contain one or more subtle errors.

Fortunately, there are many easily identifiable fallacies (mistakes of reasoning) that you can learn to recognize by their structure or content. In this unit, you will learn about the nature of fallacies, look at a couple of different ways of classifying them, and spend some time dealing with the most common fallacies in detail.

Completing this unit should take you approximately 3 hours.

Unit 6: Scientific Reasoning

Unlike the syllogistic arguments you explored in the last unit, which are a form of deductive argument, scientific reasoning is empirical. This means that it depends on observation and evidence, not logical principles. Although some principles of deductive reasoning do apply in science, such as the principle of contradiction, scientific arguments are often inductive. For this reason, science often deals with confirmation and disconfirmation.

Nonetheless, there are general guidelines about what constitutes good scientific reasoning, and scientists are trained to be critical of their inferences and those of others in the scientific community. In this unit, you will investigate some standard methods of scientific reasoning, some principles of confirmation and disconfirmation, and some techniques for identifying and reasoning about causation.

Completing this unit should take you approximately 4 hours.

Unit 7: Strategic Reasoning and Creativity

While most of this course has focused on the types of reasoning necessary to critique and evaluate existing knowledge or to extend our knowledge following correct procedures and rules, an enormous branch of our reasoning practice runs in the opposite direction. Strategic reasoning, problem-solving, and creative thinking all rely on an ineffable component of novelty supplied by the thinker.

Despite their seemingly mystical nature, problem-solving and creative thinking are best approached by following tried and tested procedures that prompt our cognitive faculties to produce new ideas and solutions by extending our existing knowledge. In this unit, you will investigate problem-solving techniques, representing complex problems visually, making decisions in risky and uncertain scenarios, and creative thinking in general.

Completing this unit should take you approximately 2 hours.

Study Guide

This study guide will help you get ready for the final exam. It discusses the key topics in each unit, walks through the learning outcomes, and lists important vocabulary terms. It is not meant to replace the course materials!

Course Feedback Survey

Please take a few minutes to give us feedback about this course. We appreciate your feedback, whether you completed the whole course or even just a few resources. Your feedback will help us make our courses better, and we use your feedback each time we make updates to our courses.

If you come across any urgent problems, email [email protected].

Certificate Final Exam

Take this exam if you want to earn a free Course Completion Certificate.

To receive a free Course Completion Certificate, you will need to earn a grade of 70% or higher on this final exam. Your grade for the exam will be calculated as soon as you complete it. If you do not pass the exam on your first try, you can take it again as many times as you want, with a 7-day waiting period between each attempt.

Once you pass this final exam, you will be awarded a free Course Completion Certificate .

Saylor Direct Credit

Take this exam if you want to earn college credit for this course . This course is eligible for college credit through Saylor Academy's Saylor Direct Credit Program .

The Saylor Direct Credit Final Exam requires a proctoring fee of $5 . To pass this course and earn a Credly Badge and official transcript , you will need to earn a grade of 70% or higher on the Saylor Direct Credit Final Exam. Your grade for this exam will be calculated as soon as you complete it. If you do not pass the exam on your first try, you can take it again a maximum of 3 times , with a 14-day waiting period between each attempt.

We are partnering with SmarterProctoring to help make the proctoring fee more affordable. We will be recording you, your screen, and the audio in your room during the exam. This is an automated proctoring service, but no decisions are automated; recordings are only viewed by our staff with the purpose of making sure it is you taking the exam and verifying any questions about exam integrity. We understand that there are challenges with learning at home - we won't invalidate your exam just because your child ran into the room!

Requirements:

• Desktop Computer
• Chrome (v74+)
• Webcam + Microphone
• 1mbps+ Internet Connection

Once you pass this final exam, you will be awarded a Credly Badge  and can request an official transcript .

Saylor Direct Credit Exam

This exam is part of the Saylor Direct College Credit program. Before attempting this exam, review the Saylor Direct Credit page for complete requirements.

Essential exam information:

• You must take this exam with our automated proctor. If you cannot, please contact us to request an override.
• The automated proctoring session will cost $5 .
• This is a closed-book, closed-notes exam (see allowed resources below).
• You will have two (2) hours to complete this exam.
• You have up to 3 attempts, but you must wait 14 days between consecutive attempts of this exam.
• The passing grade is 70% or higher.
• This exam consists of 50 multiple-choice questions.

Some details about taking your exam:

• Exam questions are distributed across multiple pages.
• Exam questions will have several plausible options; be sure to pick the answer that best satisfies each part of the question.
• Your answers are saved each time you move to another page within the exam.
• You can answer the questions in any order.
• You can go directly to any question by clicking its number in the navigation panel.
• You can flag a question to remind yourself to return to it later.
• You will receive your grade as soon as you submit your answers.

Allowed resources:

Gather these resources before you start your exam.

• Blank paper

What should I do before my exam?

• Gather these before you start your exam:
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•   (optional) A glass of water.
• Make sure your work area is well-lit and your face is visible.
• We will be recording your screen, so close any extra tabs!
• Disconnect any extra monitors attached to your computer.
• You will have up to two (2) hours to complete your exam. Try to make sure you won't be interrupted during that time!
• You will require at least 1mbps of internet bandwidth. Ask others sharing your connection not to stream during your exam.
• Take a deep breath; you got this!

Fun Logic Activities for Kids

Do you use logic games to grow critical thinking in your classroom? Not only are logic games great for expanding thinking and reasoning skills, but they are lots of fun! Adding some logic games and activities to your lessons is the perfect way to up student engagement and challenge your advanced learners. Looking for ways to get started? Come along as we discuss some of my favorite fun logic activities for kids!

Why Use Logic Activities?

What exactly is logic and why do we need to teach it? Teaching logic in the primary classroom is essential for long-term success. Logic prepares students for real life by showing students how to use reasoning and deduction to study a problem objectively and then make a rational conclusion.

Logic is used every day in real-life scenarios and is very important for young students to practice! Making room for logic activities in your classroom will help prepare your students for difficult situations, hard life decisions, and tricky problem-solving in the future. As teachers, we need to make room for logic in our lessons to help best equip our students for what’s to come!

Ways To Use Logic Activities

There are so many great ways to teach logic in the primary grades. I am a big fan of using a variety of activities to maintain high levels of interest in our lessons. Some of the things I like to incorporate when teaching logic and critical thinking in my classroom include:

• Puzzles (like Sudoku, Matrixes & Magic Squares)
• Board Games
• Sequencing Games
• Analogy Activities
• Comparing & Contrasting Activities
• Sorting & Classification Games
• Center Activities

By providing a mix of these activities to your students, you can ensure that engagement will stay high! You want to aim to provide a challenge to your students while still keeping the material on a manageable level. In other words, you want to ignite critical thinking skills but not choose activities that are so difficult that your students can’t solve them. Want a closer look at the activities we use? Here are a few of my all-time faves!

Logic Puzzles

When it comes to teaching logic and critical thinking, I love puzzles! Puzzles are appealing to a variety of ages and are a great way to target critical thinking skills. One of my favorite puzzle types will always be Sudoku. It is easily adaptable for a variety of topics, quick to explain to children, and fun for everyone!

Matrix puzzles and Magic Squares are other fun options that can be used in both print and digital options. Students will work to develop skills in logical thinking, problem solving, making inferences, drawing conclusions, recognizing similarities and differences, and comparing and contrasting. Logic puzzles help to reinforce reading by using picture and context clues as well as math skills including ordinal positions, greater than and less than, time, and size comparisons.

To keep things interesting all year long, I use logic puzzles and activities in my classroom that fit specific themes. We work through each of the themes throughout the year like fall, winter, spring, and summer to continue targeting logic and critical thinking skills. I have found that thematic teaching makes all the difference when it comes to maintaining high levels of student engagement!

If you’d like to try logic puzzles in your classroom, be sure to grab my Free Logic Puzzles Sampler pack which includes 3 matrix logic puzzles, 1 Soduko logic puzzle, and 1 Magic Square logic puzzle. This is a great way to test out logic puzzles in your classroom and see what they are all about!

Logic Board Games

Another great, classroom-friendly option for targeting logic and reasoning skills includes board games. There are so many great board games out there that are perfect for classroom center time, early finisher activities, and fun Friday! Some of my go-to’s include:

Battleship : Battleship is a classic game that all my primary students have LOVED over the years. Battleship promotes critical thinking as children make guesses as to where their opponent’s ships are hiding. Children will use deductive reasoning to make their next move! I like to offer this game as an option for early finishers in my classroom.

Set : Set is a great game for targeting logic and critical thinking skills. This game challenges players to race as they find as many “sets” of cards as they can. The cards feature different shapes, colors, and number groupings to create a challenge. This card is perfect for center time!

Mastermind : Mastermind is a great option for working on deductive reasoning skills in a fun way. To play, one student will take the role of “Codemaker”. The Codemaker sets a secret code, then the Codebreaker tries to match the code using logic and deduction skills. After each move, the Codemaker gives clues to the Codebreaker. The children’s version of this game is great for early elementary students or try the original version if you want to further challenge your kids!

Connect 4 : Everyone loves to play Connect 4! I love this game for the classroom because it’s super simple, and quick to play and the students love it. This is the perfect early finisher game since it doesn’t take too long to play from start to finish.

Any of these games are the perfect addition to your stash of logic activities and great to pull out at a moment’s notice. Whether you make them available for special occasions, like a fun Friday, or use them regularly for fast finishers, these are great quick and easy options to further logic and reasoning skills!

Logic Activities Center

Another great option for integrating logic activities into your daily lessons is to have a year-round logic center in your classroom. You can easily swap out the activities available in this center week to week and help your students target critical thinking skills on a regular basis. In your logic center, you could include a variety of activities like puzzles and board games.

I also like to incorporate center games and logic activities that focus on critical thinking skills like comparing and contrasting.

A great topic for this is common nouns. We use a fun activity that allows students to work on comparing and category sorting for common nouns. This “Which One Doesn’t Belong” activity will not only help students develop their logical thinking skills, but it will also expand vocabulary, making it a win-win for me! I use these task cards and worksheets all year long in the logic activities center.

In addition to board games, puzzles, and classification activities, I like to make sure I rotate some other options like analogy games. Analogies are a fun way to get kids thinking, analyzing, and making comparisons in a new way. As an added benefit, these games also promote vocabulary development! I like to use analogy activities that incorporate a slide show to serve as an introduction and then place some fun task cards in our logic center for students to practice with.

Get Started with Logic Activities

There are so many fun options to try when comes to logic activities! In my opinion, the key is variety! Students like to be challenged with new games, puzzles, and activities so don’t be afraid to switch things up on a regular basis and keep those kids thinking!

All of these logic activities are the perfect addition to your primary classroom. Whether you use them as a whole class activity, in centers, as morning work, or as an early finisher activity – you can’t go wrong adding logic activities to your classroom routine.

And if you’re looking to add some more variety, be sure to check out all the logic activities in my shop. Once you set up your own logic center, these resources are the perfect way to keep your activities fresh and fun for your students! Have fun diving into critical thinking activities with your kiddos!

And. . . don’t forget to grab the Free Puzzle Sampler Pack!

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Logic Puzzle Worksheets

• Catch that Bicycle!
• How Old Are You Now?
• Ship Wrecked!
• $ The Bank $
• The Basket Case
• The Bookworm
• The Golf Ball Caper
• The Hours Up!
• The Ten-Gallon Hat
• Where's The Gold?
• Answer Key For All Above Worksheets

Logic Related Teacher Resources

• Brain Research Sites
• Compare and Contrast Worksheets
• How to Differentiate Instruction
• What Do You Remember? Worksheets

How Do Logic Puzzles Help Your Brain?

The significance of using logic in our everyday lives to solve problems is paralleled. If you speak with logic, you'll have more convincing power over the other person, which gives you the confidence to build your arguments and helps you take control of certain situations.

Doing logic puzzles and playing logic-based games engage parts of our brains that don't get stimulation otherwise. Logic puzzles are known to do the same! They are not just fun to solve but also encourage brain activity, systematic thinking, and increase our productivity levels.

Finding the correct answers to problems often requires a step-by-step approach to be taught to students. Deriving the right answer often requires working backward, eliminating, and logical reasoning. Logic puzzles are the best way to train your brain to do all of these.

Let's try to understand what logic puzzles are and how these puzzles help your brain.

What Are Logic Puzzles?

Logic puzzles are those problems that require you to use deductive reasons to solve them. Not all challenging problems require numerical or geometrical knowledge to solve. Logic puzzles require deductive inferences to be made. These inferences are primarily based on logical relationships.

Like in the case of riddles, logic puzzles do not use ambiguous or misleading statements. There is no standard procedure for solving these problems, and they often call for the trial-and-error method to be solved, which will help improve your ability to master logic puzzles.

However, as you practice more logic puzzles, you will notice patterns and themes that are common among them. Although these puzzles can be tricky and even difficult to solve, they encourage you to think in ways you've never thought of before.

Here are a few examples of logic puzzles to help you understand how they are solved. Logic Puzzle: "Five people were eating bananas, a finished before B, but behind C. D finished before E, but behind B. What was the finishing order?" Solution: The right answer is CABDE.

Let's see how we can reach that answer using logic. Start by putting the first three in order if A finished the banana before B but behind C. You mean that C would come before A and B, and since A is in front of B, the order would be CAB.

From the puzzle, we also know that D finished before E. However, they were behind B. Since B is in third place, D and E would follow. Hence, the final answer would be CABDE. You should note how you derived the answer step-by-step. Solving logic puzzles is easier when you write the solution to every step and then together with the pieces. For example, the steps used to derive the answer to the puzzle are as follows:

Step #1: A←B *the arrow denotes that A is ahead of B*

Step #2: C←AB

Step #3: D←E

Step #4: B←DE

Step #5: (Final answer) Combining steps 2 and 3, we derived CABDE.

Here is how you can solve logic puzzles step-wise with symbols or illustrations. They will act as visual tools to help you arrive at the correct answer. The difficulty level for logic puzzles varies, and they are popular among both adults and kids. Let's look at why logic puzzles are good for the brain!

How Do Logic Puzzles Help Your Brain? Logic puzzles are a great way to give yourself a mental workout. They exercise and power your brain, enabling it to use logic and deductive reasoning to solve problems even in everyday life.

Here are six reasons why logic puzzles are good for your brain.

1. Improve Your Memory Skills Logic puzzles require you to exercise your memory skills to help make connections to solve the puzzles. Solving logic puzzles help strengthen the connection between your brain cells and form new ones. Hence, improving your ability to retain information. So, practice as many logic puzzles as possible to train your brain to look for cues and retain important details to derive an answer.

2. Improve Your Ability to Solve Problems in Day-to-Day Life Using logic and reasoning to solve logic puzzles trains your brain to use the same process to solve problems that may arise in your life. Logic puzzles allow us to think critically and use several approaches to solve a problem, like the trial-and-error method. These skills come in handy in tackling day-to-day situations.

3. Logic Puzzles are Fun And Improve Your Mood! Logic puzzles are a fun and productive activity; they also help put you in a better mood. Dopamine is a type of neurotransmitter that sends messages between nerve cells. It is often referred to as a chemical messenger that regulates your mood. This chemical is released when you solve problems, positively impacting how you feel.

4. Help Reduce Stress and Anxiety Logic puzzles are a great way to engage your brain in a productive activity that helps reduce your stress and anxiety level. Every time you solve a logic puzzle, you will feel a sense of achievement. Logic puzzles train the brain to focus and go into a relaxing stage, away from all the stress. This reduces depression and improves your ability to cope with situations.

5. Improve Your Visual Skills Logic puzzles train your brain to focus on details in the puzzle and make connections to solve them. For example, in the example above, your visual skills are being utilized as your identified and noted that C finished before A and B. This improves your visual focus and ability to make deductive inferences between cues.

6. Help Exercise Your Brain Solving logic puzzles are similar to training your brain to go to the gym! They help exercise parts of your brain that you would not utilize otherwise. Logic puzzles train your brain to be creative and think critically and analytically, engaging all brain parts that control these functions!

Conclusion Logic puzzles are a great way to spend your time productively. They are not just fun but also have several health benefits you must recognize. You can now find several logic puzzles online and stimulate various parts of your brain! So, solve as many puzzles as you can as they also help improve your IQ score! Good luck!

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Critical Thinking Facts & Worksheets

Critical thinking is making decisions about what to believe or do based on reasonable and introspective thinking., search for worksheets, download the critical thinking facts & worksheets.

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Table of Contents

Critical thinking is making decisions about what to believe or do , which is reasonable and introspective. It is founded on fundamental intellectual principles, including relevance, soundness, accuracy, precision, consistency, depth, breadth, and justice.

See the fact file below for more information on Critical Thinking , or you can download our 28-page Critical Thinking worksheet pack to utilize within the classroom or home environment.

Key Facts & Information

Activities requiring critical thinking.

• Assessing Online Media and Historical Sources. It is the practice of questioning the truthfulness of media to identify disinformation and misinformation.
• Business Process Improvement. It is a practice in which leaders examine their business processes to find opportunities to increase accuracy, effectiveness, and efficiency. 
• Strategic Planning. It is a process where leaders develop their future vision and set their organization’s goals and objectives.
• Root Cause Analysis. It is the process of identifying the underlying causes of issues to find suitable solutions.
• Performance Management. It is the ongoing process of enhancing performance through setting individual and team goals that are in line with the organizational strategy.

CHARACTERISTICS OF A CRITICAL THINKER

• Curious. One of the most important aspects of critical thinking is curiosity. According to research, our desire for knowledge propels us to constantly seek out new information. This curiosity fosters critical thinking since, in order to make wise decisions, we must constantly increase our knowledge.
• Analytical . Analytical skills are necessary since research is a key element of critical thinking. Analytical thinking entails distilling complicated concepts into their most basic components.
• Introspective. Critical thinking requires introspection since it makes us more self-aware. Self-awareness pushes us to confront our own prejudices, biases, and selfish impulses. If we know our assumptions, we can question them and suspend judgment until we have all the facts.
• Making Inferences. It is making logical conclusions based on an examination of the facts, events, and ideas available. You can find relationships and base your decisions on what is likely to happen by analyzing the information that is available and noticing patterns and trends.
• Observant. Using all five senses, observation is more than just looking; it also entails synthesizing, organizing, and categorizing data to create insight. Sharp observers pick up on the smallest detail and detect subtle changes in their surroundings.
• Open-minded and Compassionate. Being open-minded entails giving other concepts and viewpoints a chance, even when they disagree with your own. This enables you to consider several perspectives on a subject without instinctively rejecting them. Likewise, even when they disagree, compassionate people can understand others. Finding common ground and understanding is possible when you comprehend the views of another individual.

LOGIC: CRITICAL THINKING

• Logic is the study of inference, reasoning, and proof. Using logic, we can assess a line of reasoning or a thought to see if it is sound or not.
• Propositions , often known as statements, serve as the foundation of a logical argument. A proposition is a statement that can either be true or false.
• An argument is a connected set of statements that together form a logical, coherent, and defined proposition.
• The premise identifies the reasons or pieces of evidence that support your claim. At this point, we create a new assertion based on one or more accepted statements of fact, which is the inference . Lastly, a statement that wraps up an argument is its conclusion . The validity of the premises statement and the inference statement confirm the validity or truth of the argument.

EXAMPLES OF A LOGICAL THOUGHT

• Statement: Individuals under 18 years of age are not eligible to vote. Ryan cannot vote because he’s just 15 years old.
• Premise 1: Individuals under 18 cannot vote.
• Premise 2: Ryan is 15 years old.
• Conclusion: Ryan is not eligible to vote.

CRITICAL THINKING BARRIERS

Egocentric thinking.

• A natural tendency of people is to see everything in terms of oneself, which is known as egocentric thinking – “ego” meaning self, and “centric” meaning at the center. This way of thinking makes it difficult to understand other people’s viewpoints or examine and weigh other points of view.
• This can produce poor decision-making behaviors. In order to break the cycle, people must take a position against the group and contest prevailing ideas.

DRONE MENTALITY

• This refers to a lack of awareness of your immediate surroundings. Daily routines can prevent or contribute to the loss of critical thinking skills and frequently result in a drone mindset. 

SOCIAL CONDITIONING

• Unwanted preconceptions and stereotypes bring it on. It does this by obstructing our ability to see that we are even developing assumptions and imposing stereotypes.

BIASED THINKING

• Personal biases can make it difficult to think critically because they make it difficult to be impartial, curious, and open-minded.

SCHEDULE PRESSURES

• Integrating learning opportunities that encourage critical thinking skills is sometimes hampered by time restraints.

ARROGANCE AND INTOLERANCE

• With a narrow perspective, it is quite difficult to come up with the appropriate solution to a problem. People who lack critical thinking abilities frequently respond to situations carelessly and foolishly.

ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS

• The process of locating the underlying causes of problems in order to choose the best solutions is known as root cause analysis (RCA). RCA bases its premise on the idea that systematic prevention and root-cause analysis yield superior results than spot-treating symptoms and “putting out fires”.
• Benefits and Goals. Finding the underlying cause of a problem or incident is the first objective of root cause analysis. The second objective is to completely comprehend how to address, make up for, or take advantage of any underlying problems inside the root cause. The final objective is to use the knowledge gained from this research to duplicate or systematically prevent past problems.

BASIC TYPES OF CAUSES

• Physical Causes. These are tangible, material things that failed in some way, like a machine failing to function as expected.
• People Causes. People either made a mistake or failed to take the necessary action. Usually, physical causes result from human causes (for example, no one filled the machine with engine oil, which led to its malfunction).
• Organizational Causes. A broken system, procedure, or policy affects how people make decisions or carry out their daily tasks (for example, no one person was responsible for machine maintenance, and everyone assumed someone else had filled the engine oil).

ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS PROCESS

• Step 1: Define The Problem. Define the issue you are dealing with, then collect the information and proof you need to understand the situation at hand. Make a problem statement that includes details about the issue, such as the impact that the issue has already had or could have, its focal point, etc.
• Step 2: Data Collection. The collection of key information about an incident or a problematic event is a critical step in root cause analysis. You can find the answers to questions like “What are the contributing factors?” by recording all the details and characteristics of the incident. Also ask questions like “When did the issue start?” “Is it a recurring occurrence?” “What effect has been noticed?” etc.
• Step 3: Determine Potential Causal Factors. Find as many causal factors as you can at this point. It’s all too common for people to name one or two variables before stopping, but that’s often insufficient. When using RCA, you should look beyond the visible reasons and treat the underlying issues as well.
• Step 4: Identify the Root Cause. You can pinpoint as many causes as you can. Use the methods like the 5 Whys, Fishbone analysis, or a Pareto chart to focus in on the main contributing elements and any potential underlying causes of the problem.
• Step 5: Recommend and Implement Solutions. Analyze your cause-and-effect connection and determine which systems require adjustments. Planning ahead will help you anticipate the outcomes of your solution. In this manner, possible faults can be identified before they occur.

Critical Thinking Worksheets

This fantastic bundle includes everything you need to know about Critical Thinking across 28 in-depth pages. These are ready-to-use worksheets that are perfect for teaching kids about Critical Thinking, which is making decisions about what to believe or do based on reasonable and introspective thinking.

Complete List of Included Worksheets

Below is a list of all the worksheets included in this document.

• Critical Thinking Facts
• What’s Stopping You?
• Life is Full of Premises
• Fact or Opinion
• Rebus Puzzle
• Think It Right
• Connect Me if You Can
• RCA Process
• 5 Whys: Part 1
• 5 Whys: Part 2
• Under the Microscope

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Link will appear as Critical Thinking Facts & Worksheets: https://kidskonnect.com - KidsKonnect, November 24, 2022

Use With Any Curriculum

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25 Logic Activities For Middle School: Riddles, Debate, Brain Teasers, Challenges, And Worksheets

October 15, 2023 //  by  Sydney Peters

Is logic something you teach or is it something that comes naturally? Actually, it can be taught! Logic and critical thinking are some of the most important skills our students learn in middle school, but how do you teach logic? Middle school students learn about logic through reasoning and deduction. With these skills, students can use critical thinking and reasoning to make a rational conclusion. With this list of 25 logic activities, students can develop the skills they need to tap into those skills and use logic to solve problems!

1. TED-Ed Number Riddle

This video from TED-Ed is a perfect starter activity to engage your middle schoolers and kick those logical thinking skills into action! They’ll enjoy watching the animation that lays out a numerical riddle for them to solve, but can they figure it out? You can pause the video when instructed and all work on this one together! 

Learn More: YouTube

2. Propaganda and Critical Thinking

Teaching students logic is one of the most important skills they will learn.  Use this activity, propaganda, and critical thinking to show students how to be critical thinkers through pop culture.

Learn More: Just Add Students

3. Escape Rooms

Escape rooms provide students with a fun and challenging activity that allows them to practice their logical reasoning and critical thinking. In this activity, students work together to solve puzzles and problems that challenge their logic.

Learn More: Beyond the Worksheet

Want a fun and easy way to help boost your students’ logic and critical thinking skills?  Scientists have proven that riddles do exactly that. Solve these tricky puzzles and boost your logic.

Learn More: Bright Side

5. Have a Debate 

Middle school students are great debaters, they just need something interesting to challenge their thinking.  Use these debate topics to help students tap into their logical thinking skills and challenge their peers.

Learn More: Games 4 ESL

6. Host a Mock Trial

Nothing will challenge your middle school students to use their logical reasoning more than a mock trial. In a mock trial, students use their critical thinking skills to defend their cases. Promote team building, critical thinking, and logic with this fun activity.

Learn More: Law for Kids

7. Logical Fallacies

Sometimes it can be challenging to get middle school students engaged in their learning. In this activity, students play different characters using creative thinking and logic. Watch your students glow with excitement in this fun logic activity.

Learn More: Teach Between the Lines

8. Brain Teasers

Challenging our students to think outside the box and use their critical thinking skills can be difficult. Get your students excited about learning and logic with these exciting brain teasers that challenge your student’s thinking.

Learn More: GCF Learn Free.org

9. Teaching Inferences 

When it comes to logic, teaching students how to use inferences is crucial. Students use inferences to “read between the lines” and develop the skills to put clues together. Using inferences and critical thinking, students can develop their logical reasoning.

Learn More: Love, Laugh, Teach

10. Logic Puzzles

Sharpen your students’ logic by using creative logic puzzles. Nurture and develop your student’s critical thinking by challenging their thinking with these puzzles. Analyze, infer, and solve!

Learn More: Kristine Nannini

11. Brain Teasers

Want an easy way to add logic time to your student’s day? Use these brain teasers to challenge your student’s logic throughout the day. Students develop logic by practicing repeatedly. These fun brain teasers are a great way to add more logic to your student’s day.

Learn More: Teach Mama

12. Games, Puzzles, and Brain Teasers

Every teacher has those students who finish before everyone else. Instead of having them sit at their desk waiting for the next lesson, give them access to brain teasers, puzzles, and critical thinking activities that will help support their logic skills.

13. Illusions 

Our brains can trick us into seeing something that’s not really there or obscure the image to look like something it’s not. These fun illusions will challenge your student’s brains and push their logic to think outside the box. What do you see?

Learn More: Mind Oddities

14. Scary Stories to Promote Logic

It’s no secret that most middle school students love scary stories. Why not use those scary stories to help build your student’s logic? These fun short, scary stories will get your students excited about critical thinking and logic.

Learn More: Hey Natayle

15. Triangle Puzzle

Creating a puzzle that challenges students’ logic is easy! In this creative logic puzzle, students use a square piece of paper to create a triangle. It’s not as easy as it sounds and it’s going to take some extra critical thinking on your student’s part to solve it!

Learn More: What Do We Do All Day

16. Perspective Taking 

Using perspective is a great way to get students thinking about their own logic. It can be challenging to see things from a different point of view, but it’s an important skill for students to learn, especially when it comes to logic. Check out these activities from the Secondary English Coffee Shop.

Learn More: The Secondary English Coffee Shop

17. Forced Analogies 

Have you ever tried to compare two things that are seemingly unrelated? Well in this task, that’s exactly what students are asked to do! It may seem easier than it is, but comparing two things that are unrelated requires a lot of logical thinking.

Learn More: Tammy De Shaw The Owl Teacher

18. STEM Challenges 

It’s should be no surprise that science, technology, engineering, and math are full of logical activities. In this STEM-based activity, students use logical thinking and reasoning to develop experiments. 

Learn More: Brain Ninjas

19. Encourage Critical Thinking 

Critical thinking that promotes logic can be added to any lesson. Add some creative and challenging activities to your student’s reading and writing lessons. Encourage students to use logic in everyday problems.

Learn More: Bespoke Classroom

20. Hexagonal Thinking 

This new and creative mind-mapping strategy is a great way to help students develop their logic skills. Students examine a set of ideas that are written out in hexagon shapes. They create a puzzle using logic and critical thinking.

Learn More: Now Spark Creativity

21. The Marshmallow Challenge

When it comes to helping students develop their logic, the marshmallow activity is one they’ll love. Using marshmallows and spaghetti, students build towers. 

Learn More: Mrs. E Teaches Math

22. Problem Solving

Start each morning or class period with a simple problem. Students use logic and critical thinking to answer problems that challenge their skills.

Learn More: Mosswood Connections

23. Deepen your levels of questioning

Did you know that there are different levels of questioning? Each of the four levels of questioning help students thinks deeper about the content they’re learning. Use these four levels of questioning to help students develop their logic and critical thinking skills.

Learn More: Patheos

24. Logic Games

Learning logic through games is a fun and engaging way to help students build the skills they need to become critical thinkers. These exciting games will be a hit with your students.

Learn More: The Homeschool Scientist

25. Puzzle of the Week 

Looking for a fun and easy way to help your students test their logic? Introduce a puzzle of the week! With these fun puzzles, students use critical thinking and logic to solve simple, yet complicated problems.

Learn More: Critical Thinking

7 Puzzles to Challenge Your Critical Thinking

Can you spot the connections and sort these items.

Posted March 5, 2015 | Reviewed by Ekua Hagan

The theme of this post is critical thinking—and the kinds of puzzles that can be constructed around it. This term is used frequently in psychology and education . There are various definitions, but the one that best suits our purpose and which is, in the end, perhaps the best, is the ability to comprehend the logical connections among ideas, words, phrases, and concepts . In the relevant scientific literature, of course, the term is used much more broadly as a framework for understanding human cognition . But in my opinion, the best way to understand things is to construct puzzles to illustrate their basic essence.

Critical thinking involves skill at recognizing a pattern in given information and especially recognizing how the information is connected to the real world. Here are a couple of very simple examples. First, consider the five words below:

• Cruise ship
• Walking on foot
• Automobile (not a race car)

Now, put them in order from the slowest to the fastest, when they are going at maximum speed. The solution, of course, is: 4-2-5-1-3.

As with all such puzzles, there might be slightly different solutions—one could claim that some automobiles go faster than cruise ships. This “indeterminacy” characterizes this kind of thinking. However, some puzzles are straightforward. For instance, what do the following five things have in common?

The answer? These are all words referring to shades of blue.

The seven puzzles below are to the ones above, though hopefully more challenging. Some involve knowledge of facts, but critical thinking is still involved in such cases because the organization of the facts according to some principle is always involved—for example, a puzzle may ask you to put five items in order of their dates of invention.

The following tongue-in-cheek definition of critical thinking by Richard W. Paul, a leading expert on critical thinking theory, says it all: “Critical thinking is thinking about your thinking while you’re thinking in order to make your thinking better.”

I. What do the following 5 things have in common?

• Orange juice

II. Put the following buildings or structures in order of height, from the shortest to the tallest.

• Typical camping tent

III. What do the following animals have in common?

IV. Put the following inventions in order from earliest to most recent.

V. What feature do the following words have in common?

• Imagination

VI. Put these bodies of water in order in terms of volume, from smallest to largest .

VII. What do the following landmasses have in common?

I. They are all drinkable liquids. II. 5-1-4-3-2 III. They all have a tail. They are also all quadrupeds. IV. To the best of my knowledge: 5-4-3-1-2 V. They start with a vowel: a, e, i, o, u VI. 4-2-1-5-3 VII. They are all peninsulas.

Marcel Danesi, Ph.D. , is a professor of semiotics and anthropology at Victoria College, University of Toronto. His books include The Puzzle Instinct and The Total Brain Workout .

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2nd Grade Logic Puzzles | Printable Logic Puzzles & Critical Thinking Activities

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Engage your students all year long with these fun and challenging printable logic puzzles that will help them develop important critical thinking skills! With 5 different sets and over 180 2nd grade logic puzzles for you to choose from, your students will remain engaged throughout any season. These beginner logic games are perfect to introduce your students to logic and deductive reasoning! 

Easily teach your students reasoning,  logical thinking, and comparing and contrasting with this incredible set of critical thinking activities for grade 2. Solving 2nd grade logic puzzles will help your students with systematic thinking, building confidence, boosting brain activities, reducing boredom and much more! 

2nd Grade Logic Puzzles includes: 

• Christmas 2nd Grade Logic Puzzles (Digital AND Print) 
• Winter 2nd Grade Logic Puzzles (Digital AND Print)
• Spring 2nd Grade Logic Puzzles (Digital AND Print)
• St. Patrick's Day 2nd Grade Logic Puzzles (Digital AND Print)
• Fall Printable Logic Puzzles 

These beginner logic games are great for early finishers, think, pair, share, as well as morning warm-ups, homework, distance learning, or centers! Challenge your students with these critical thinking activities and watch as they develop skills in logical thinking, problem solving, making inferences, drawing conclusions, recognizing similarities and differences, AND comparing and contrasting. 

Each set of 2nd Grade Logic Puzzles contains:

• Matrix logic
• Sudoku type puzzles
• Magic square Puzzles
• Answer Keys
• Recording Sheets

Using these printable logic puzzles is easy! Simply print them out, put them in a sheet protector and write on them with dry erase markers! Your students can record their answers on the recording sheets to show their work. Meaning less prep for you BUT more learning for your students when you use these 2nd grade logic puzzles in your classroom. 

Want to check out a few samples of these critical thinking activities? Click here . 

See What Other Teachers Are Saying…

•  love these! They really help the students work on reasoning skills and expressing supporting arguments with each other.
• Such an amazing bundle of activities to get students thinking . Great as fast finisher activities .
• These are kid-friendly logic puzzles that really keep the students' attention. Well worth the price!

Need more engaging critical thinking activities for your classroom? Check these out!:

• Math Logic Puzzles - Algebraic Reasoning 
• Common Nouns Category Sorting 
• Christmas Analogies 

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Copyright © Keep ‘em Thinking!, Susan Morrow. This product is intended for classroom and personal use ONLY and may be used only by the original downloader. Copying for more than one teacher, classroom, department, school, or school system is prohibited. You may not distribute or display this product digitally for public view. Failure to comply is a copyright infringement and a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA).

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Critical thinking puzzles for adults (with answers)

Critical thinking can help to better navigate the information-dense and complex world we live in. By thinking critically we can better identify priorities, take a sensible approach to problem-solving and reach conclusions logically in line with evidence. Puzzles are an excellent way both to learn and practice critical thinking skills.

If you’d like to learn more about critical thinking or simply practice your skills with some puzzles, then this is the article for you. Read a little bit more about critical thinking skills and how to apply them first, or just skip straight to the puzzles and see how you get on.

What is critical thinking?

Critical thinking is a broad approach to problem solving and analysis based on logic and evidence. It brings together a wide range of intellectual competences and the ability to combine and cross-reference them. Some of the most important elements of a critical thinking approach include:

Analytical skills:

• understanding of questions and concepts
• differentiation of relevant / irrelevant evidence and information
• identification of similarities, connections and differences
• use of metaphors or analogies to communicate ideas

Powers of inference:

• extraction of meaning from data using inductive or deductive reasoning
• extrapolation of data or abstraction into concepts and patterns
• correct identification and deployment of analogies and assumptions
• grasp of causal relationships, allowing development of conclusions and theories.

Data and theory evaluation:

• assessment of how strong, important or credible a theory might be
• taking on board new data and new arguments which alter understanding of ideas and theory

Rational decision-making:

– application of all the skills and competences above in order to come to a rational conclusion.

Problem-solving attitude: In addition to being able to think critically, you must also be personally inclined to think critically when facing a difficult or complex challenge. Developing qualities including curiosity and fairness, while distancing yourself from ideologies and group-think, should all help to create the kind of psychological landscape where critical thinking can flourish.

How can I learn critical thinking?

Critical thinking skills are hard to develop from only reading books or listening to lectures. The most effective way to sharpen and deepen critical thinking faculties is to practice critical thinking . Critical thinking puzzles offer a fun way to learn and the eight critical thinking puzzles we’ve chosen for this article should help you make a good start.

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Eight critical thinking puzzles – with answers

Puzzle 1 – letter puzzles.

What common feature do the following words share?

Answer: All of these words begin with a vowel. This type of puzzle may send your mind off in the wrong direction, thinking about the objects or concepts described by the words, and the properties they might share. In fact, the solution lies in a far more simple consideration of the alphabet. Puzzle 1 is a simple example of a common type of letter or word puzzle.

Puzzle 2 – Commonalities and differences

What do the following items have in common and which is the odd one out?

Orange Juice

Answer: These items are all liquids and the odd one out is petrol, since all the others are drinkable liquids.

Puzzle 3 – Falling on his feet

A man who lives in a high-rise building decides to exit through the window one morning rather than using the door. Somehow he survives the fall without a scratch and walks away to work. How did this happen?

Answer: The man lived on the ground or first floor and merely stepped or jumped down to the pavement outside. By stating early on that the building in question was a high-rise building, it’s easy for someone reading quickly to assume that the man jumped from a window on a high store but this it s not necessarily the case.

Puzzle 4 – Walk this way

A group of five people enter a windowless meeting room together. An hour later when the meeting ends, four walk out of the door, leaving the room empty. What has happened to the fifth member of the group?

Answer: The fifth person was in a wheelchair and wheeled out of the room rather than walked. Solving this puzzle requires you to think laterally about the question and the possible solutions. The answer can be found by asking yourself whether the emphasis of the question is on the emptiness of the room or the means by which the other four people left.

Puzzle 5 – Shapes and symbols

When lying on my side, I am everything, but when cut in half, I am nothing. What am I?

Answer: The number 8. This puzzle requires that you think about a shape being repositioned or cut in a way that can change it to “everything” or “nothing”. Number 8 on its side is the mathematical symbol for infinity (i.e. everything) and also shaped like two small number 0s put together.

Puzzle 6 – Three hard options

The hero is escaping the lair of an evil super-villain and is faced with three possible exits:

• Door A leads into a pit of bubbling lava
• Door B leads to a room housing a deadly hitman
• Door C leads to the den full of lions that haven’t had a meal for a year.

Which door should the hero choose?

Answer: Door C. If the lion hasn’t eaten in a year, it will definitely be dead by now. This type of puzzle requires you to consider the full implications of the information given, rather than being drawn into a comparison of the relative dangers of lava, hitmen and lions…

Puzzle 7 – The bus driver’s eyes

You are a bus driver. Today the bus is empty at the start of your route but at the first stop, four people get onto the bus. Eight people get on at the second stop, while three alight. When the bus reaches the third stop, one more gets off, and three get on.

At the fourth stop, two people get off the bus and one gets on. The bus is traveling at an average speed of 30mph and its tires are new.  What color are the bus driver’s eyes?

Answer: You are the bus driver so the color will be the color of your own eyes. This type of puzzle tries to confuse you and obscure the single piece of relevant information by presenting large quantities of irrelevant information.

Puzzle 8 – Losing weight

A man walks into a room, closes the doors behind him and presses a button. In a matter of seconds the man is 20lb lighter. Despite this, he leaves the room at the same weight he entered it.

Answer: The room in question is actually an elevator. When the man gets in and presses the button, the elevator moves downwards with an acceleration that reduces the effect of gravity and makes the man temporarily 20lb lighter. Once the lift stops moving, the man’s weight is subject to normal gravity, just the same as before. Solving this puzzle requires a small piece of general physics knowledge.

A final word…

We hope you’ve enjoyed our critical thinking puzzles for adults and that your critical thinking skills are feeling refreshed and sharpened after reading our article. Whether at school, in the workplace, or in general life, critical thinking can be a valuable tool for success and anyone can learn to use it.

Get more critical thinking puzzles on our Youtube channel:

20 Challenging Lateral Thinking Puzzles That Are Harder Than They Seem

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• Math Worksheets
• 2nd Grade Math
• Logical reasoning

Grade 2 logical reasoning worksheets: Improve your child's thinking skills

Hello, and welcome to our engaging math resource! Today we will discuss a vital topic for Grade 2 students: logical reasoning. This article will provide many learning opportunities and areas in Mathskills4kids.com , where you'll find the best Grade 2 logical reasoning worksheets online. These worksheets are designed to improve your child's thinking skills and apply them in math and the real world.

Logical reasoning involves using facts, rules, and patterns to solve problems and make decisions . Logical reasoning skills are essential for academic success and everyday life.

Our major objective in this resource is to show you why logical reasoning is important for grade 2 students , how to introduce logical reasoning concepts to your child , fun and engaging activities to practice logical reasoning skills , the benefits of logical reasoning worksheets for grade 2 , tips and tricks to help your child solve logical reasoning problems , etc.

Let's get started!

Why logical reasoning is important for Grade 2 students

Logical reasoning is important for grade 2 students because it helps them develop their thinking skills and prepares them for more advanced math and science topics in the future.

Logical reasoning also helps students improve their reading comprehension, writing skills, and creativity. With logical reasoning skills, students can understand different perspectives, evaluate arguments, and draw conclusions.

Logical reasoning also fosters curiosity, confidence, and independence in learning.

BROWSE THE WEBSITE

Download free worksheets, 2nd grade math topics.

• Counting and numbers
• Comparing and ordering
• Reading and writing numbers
• Shape patterns
• Adding of 1-digit numbers
• Subtracting of 1-digit numbers
• Additing 2-digit numbers
• Subtracting within 2-digits
• Up to 3-digit addition
• Subtracting within 3-digit
• Properties of addition & subtaction
• Mixed operations
• Place-value
• Estimating and rounding

Telling Time

• Data and graphing
• Units of measurement
• Geometric measurement
• Probability

Multiplication

Start practice on Second Grade here

How to introduce logical reasoning concepts to your child.

The best way to introduce logical reasoning concepts to your child is to use everyday examples and situations they can relate to.

For example, you can ask your child questions like:

• What do you think will happen if you leave your ice cream outside on a hot day?
• How do you know that this is a triangle?
• What is the rule for making this pattern ?
• How can you sort these objects into different groups ?
• How can you prove that this statement is true or false?

You can also use games, puzzles, stories, and experiments to introduce logical reasoning concepts to your child. For example, you can play games like tic-tac-toe, chess, sudoku, or riddles with your child.

You can also read stories that involve logic puzzles or mysteries with your child. You can also do simple experiments with your child using household items like water, vinegar, baking soda, or food coloring.

Mathskills4kids fun and engaging activities to practice logical reasoning skills

There are many fun and engaging activities found in Mathskills4kids that you can use to practice logical reasoning skills with your child. Here are some examples:

• Make a treasure map with clues and directions for your child to follow.
• Create a secret code with symbols or letters and have your child decode it.
• Build a model or a structure with blocks or Lego and have your child explain how they did it.
• Make a collage or a picture with shapes and colors and have your child describe it.
• Invent a new game or a toy with rules and instructions for your child to play.

The benefits of Mathskills4kids logical reasoning worksheets for Grade 2: Improve your child's problem-solving and critical thinking abilities

One of the best ways to practice and improve your child’s thinking skills is to use logical reasoning worksheets for grade 2 from Mathskills4kids.com . These Logical reasoning worksheets are designed to challenge and stimulate your child's mind with different problems and questions requiring logic and reasoning. Logical reasoning worksheets for grade 2 can help your child improve their problem-solving and critical thinking abilities by:

• Developing their analytical and deductive skills
• Enhancing their memory and concentration
• Expanding their vocabulary and knowledge
• Increasing their creativity and imagination
• Boosting their confidence and motivation

Tips and tricks to help your child solve logical reasoning problems

Solving logical reasoning problems can be tricky sometimes, but some tips and tricks can help your child solve all the exercises in our Grade 2 logical reasoning worksheets and more.

Here are some of them:

• Encourage your child to read the problem carefully and understand what it is asking.
• Help your child identify the relevant facts, rules, and patterns in the problem.
• Guide your child to use different strategies like drawing diagrams, making tables, using examples, or eliminating options.
• Support your child to check their answers and explain their reasoning.
• Praise your child for their efforts and achievements.

What are some real-life situations where logical reasoning skills are useful?

Logical reasoning skills are useful in real-life situations and school. Here are some examples of how logical reasoning skills can improve your child’s thinking skills in everyday life:

• Planning a trip or an event
• Following directions or instructions
• Making choices or decisions
• Solving conflicts or disputes
• Learning new skills or hobbies

Where to find the best grade 2 logical reasoning resources online

There are many ways to practice logical reasoning with your kids at home or in the classroom. Hence we want to help you discover where to find the best grade 2 logical reasoning resources online to print and use with your Grade 2 students at any time.

These activities are interactive, colorful, and varied, so your kids will always feel excited. They also cover different logical reasoning skills that will readily improve your child’s thinking skills, such as pattern recognition, picture analogy, picture matching, odd one out, and more.

Here are some of the best online Grade 2 logical reasoning worksheets and fun activities that we have found for you:

This website offers a variety of printable logic grid puzzles for kids of different ages and levels. Logic grid puzzles are a type of logic puzzle that require you to use clues and deductive reasoning to fill in a grid with the correct information.

For example, you might have to figure out who likes which color, has which pet, or plays which instrument. These puzzles are great for developing logical thinking, attention to detail, and concentration skills.

This website provides interactive worksheets that you can do online or print out.

The worksheets are based on the topic of animals and their habitats. They involve matching animals to their habitats, finding the odd ones, completing patterns, and more.

These worksheets are perfect for practicing visual discrimination, categorization, and spatial reasoning skills.

These puzzles enhance logical reasoning, analytical thinking, and math skills.

Thank you for sharing the links of MathSkills4Kids.com with your loved ones. Your choice is greatly appreciated.

We hope you enjoyed our Grade 2 logical reasoning worksheets and saw the amazing results in your child's thinking skills .

Thank you for reading, and happy reasoning!

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