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Environmental Problems And Solution Essay : IELTS Writing Task 2 Sample & Tips

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Updated on 31 January, 2024

Mrinal Mandal

Study abroad expert.

Attempting the IELTS writing task 2 environmental problems and solutions essay? A minimum word count of 250 is compulsory, and you should complete this task in 40 minutes. You will get an essay topic to give an opinion, summarize information, outline major issues or identify solutions for relevant problems.

While writing the problem of pollution IELTS essay, it must be accompanied by examples, arguments, and logical reasons. Read your instructions carefully before starting. Structure your essay beforehand and decide what you wish to say about the topic. Be clear about the paragraph count that you want and your conclusion. Here are some samples to help you.

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Go through some samples that will help you frame a good essay:

Question: Many people think that environmental problems are too big for individual citizens to fix. In contrast, others feel that the government cannot solve them unless individuals take constructive actions. Discuss both perspectives, and let us know what you think.

Answer:

There are pressing environmental problems that the world faces today. Some believe that they are outside the ambit of individuals to solve, while others believe that unless people step up, the governments will be unable to solve them either. This essay will discuss both these views before concluding.

The argument is heavily tilted towards individual citizens lacking the material resources and social networks to fix long-standing environmental problems. There are several facets towards solving environmental issues, notably those concerning the administrative, governmental, regulatory, authoritative, law and order, and legal domains. For instance, manufacturing units keep releasing poisonous gases into the atmosphere while polluting rivers with toxic materials. Individuals cannot possibly combat these instances. People may argue that every stakeholder can step up and pressure the authorities and companies to take proactive steps. However, this is not a feasible solution since these companies are largely under the ownership of businesses and funds that only seek profits and do not prioritize the environment.

It leads to the natural deduction that solving environmental problems is the joint responsibility of public stakeholders and the government. The authorities should offer legal and administrative support towards curbing pollution and other environmental issues. If any individual wishes to notify the authorities of something harmful in their region, then steps should be taken to streamline this provision as much as possible. Governments may consider setting up pollution control bodies, desks in every administrative office, random environmental inspections at manufacturing units, fines and legal provisions for a rule violation, and similar steps.

Hence, the above premise supports the argument that the government can't fix everything unless there is sustained pressure from a section of society and individuals. The responsibility seems to veer directly towards individual actions collectively harnessed to pressure legislative and administrative mechanisms to fix prevalent issues. The combined initiatives of citizens and authorities will be the most effective solution for solving environmental problems. However, this does not mean that individual responsibility takes a backseat until there is government support. Individuals can contribute in numerous smaller ways towards ecological preservation. (Words: 360)

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Question: Some citizens feel that the biggest environmental issue currently is the loss of animal and plant species. Some think that there are bigger ecological issues worth addressing. Discuss both perspectives, and let us know what you think.

Many people feel that there are bigger environmental issues and potential disasters that should be tackled first. In contrast, others believe that the loss of particular animal and plant species is the biggest threat at the moment. Despite the first argument having some merits, I agree that the loss of biodiversity through the vital plant and animal species is the biggest environmental issue we face today.

Natural disasters have increased worldwide, and scientists cite climate change as the major reason. Many experts argue that the temperature increase, especially across oceans, has led to a higher risk of blizzards, hurricanes, cyclones, and tsunamis. There are multiple natural disasters, including the devastating cyclones Aila and Amphan, which struck India periodically over the last two decades. The biggest tragedy of the entire century was arguably the 2004 tsunami that destroyed Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia, causing innumerable deaths, serious injuries, loss of property and homes, livelihood risks, and unimaginable damages.

The key reason animal and plant species have to be safeguarded are the growing number of endangered species on the planet over the last few decades. Take the example of polar bears, who mostly reside in the Arctic, where they currently face threats due to the prolonged melting of the ice caps. Polar bears may completely become extinct by 2100, as per forecasts. It will have a chain effect on the Arctic ecosystem and other animals in the endangered category, such as narwhals and seals. It is only a single example of global warming and how it impacts the lives of plant and animal species.

In my opinion, biodiversity loss is the biggest threat faced by the environment today. Citizens, action groups and governments, should find ways to collaborate and take positive steps towards preserving endangered wildlife and plants along with their ecosystems. It is because biodiversity is the bedrock of natural growth, maintenance, and evolution. Governments should simultaneously look at ways to lower carbon emissions, the usage of fossil fuels, and other factors causing climate change and deadly natural consequences. (Words: 353)

In conclusion, addressing environmental problems requires a comprehensive understanding of the issues at hand and a commitment to implementing practical solutions. Essays on environmental problems and solutions for IELTS Writing Task 2 should not only highlight the urgency of these issues, such as climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss, but also emphasize the effectiveness of solutions like renewable energy adoption, conservation efforts, and sustainable practices. By critically analyzing these topics, candidates can demonstrate their awareness, analytical abilities, and language proficiency. Furthermore, such essays encourage a global discourse on environmental stewardship, underscoring the need for collective action and innovative approaches to safeguard our planet for future generations. As we move forward, it is imperative that we all contribute to these solutions, embodying the change needed to address the environmental challenges that face us today.

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How to keep our environment clean essay?

As human beings, we are blessed with a beautiful and nurturing environment. However, it is fast being reduced to shreds owing to the negative impact of our destructive and careless actions. Out of our greed, selfishness and carelessness, we are steadily destroying the environment brick by brick. The rising incidence of natural calamities throughout the world and growing emissions are only two indicators of what is to come if we do not mend our ways. I strongly feel that communities, Governments and individuals should take more concrete steps towards keeping their immediate environments clean and in good shape.

We should enhance our environments by planting more trees and encouraging others to do the same, especially the future generations. We should also advocate legal regulations that ban usage of plastic in order to preserve our future ecosystems and oceans. We should reuse our plastic bags and not dispose them. We should gradually switch towards paper bags as well.

We should also use more public transportation and reduce electricity and water consumption. I believe that with responsible steps, we can ensure a cleaner and healthier environment for the upcoming generations.

How to protect the environment essay?

Our environment refers to our ecosystems, communities, surroundings and our living conditions. However, it is now on its way towards being endangered owing to the callous actions of Man for greed and profit. Milking natural resources to the point of exhaustion, we have already been chipping away at the natural environment bit by bit. I believe that all is not lost however and we can start taking pro-active steps towards safeguarding our environment.

We can start with more tree plantation since green cover is the only solution towards combating the impact of natural calamities, flooding and reducing the artificial heat island effect that major global cities are suffering from. More oxygen will also ensure better quality of life in the bargain. We can also endeavor to protect natural habitats, urban forests and other natural ecosystems including water bodies. We should also conserve forests with dedicated initiatives and awareness programs. A lot has to be done at the Government level in this regard.

Other measures include waste management, zero-tolerance policies for littering, soil conservation and preventing pollution. In this way, we can all work together to protect what is left of our environment in order to combat future calamities and destructive occurrences, while ensuring the sustainability of life itself on the planet.

How to save our environment essay?

Saving the environment is imperative in the current scenario. The word save assumes immense significance here, since we have already managed to destroy large parts of our environments and natural habitats owing to greed, conspicuous consumption and politics.

We can start by emphasizing more tree plantation and conservation of existing natural habitats and ecosystems. We should take steps towards reducing carbon emissions and footprints, while switching to electric mobility, cutting down on water waste and managing solid waste carefully. We should eliminate plastic usage in order to save our oceans.

Forest and soil conservation are also essential for saving the environment for the future. Solar and wind energy should be promoted as the new-age formula for environmental conservation. Recycling and reusing is also the way to go with regard to conserving natural resources. With these positive steps being implemented by environmental organizations and authorities worldwide, we can attempt to save our environment, leaving it intact and sustainable for future generations.

How I care for the environment everyday essay?

As human beings, we are all governed by a set of fundamental duties and responsibilities to ourselves, our families, society and the environment. We are all entrusted with responsibilities to leave behind a sustainable environment for upcoming generations instead of defiling it and leaving behind the planet in a hazardous state.

At my end, I try to take various pro-active steps towards caring for my environment. I try and plant trees as often as I can, not just in proximity to my residence, but also throughout my community, by organizing tree plantation drives. I gift saplings to my loved ones and acquaintances. I also reuse plastic bags at home while avoiding the usage of new ones. I use paper bags for my shopping as much as possible. I regularly volunteer for beach and park clean-up drives in my locality while also spreading awareness amongst children and younger generations. I try and use lesser water and encourage my family members to do the same. I also buy sustainable seafood and have cut down on my consumption of electricity.

These are some small ways through which I care for my environment. I firmly encourage others to do the same. We only have one planet and it is time that we stopped taking it for granted.

How do humans affect the environment essay?

Over centuries, human beings have adversely impacted the environment, especially with a rapid growth in population, housing and societal requirements, along with widespread urbanization and industrialization.

Human beings have contributed towards large-scale deforestation and elimination of precious forest cover throughout the world for housing, industries, profitable enterprises and other purposes. Industrialization and consumerism have become a lethal cocktail that has led to increasing usage of plastic that chokes up our oceans and causes pollution, more toxic emissions with an increase in vehicles and burning of fossil fuels and contamination of soil and water through harmful chemicals.

As human beings, we have also managed to destroy the tender ecological balance through misuse and exploitation of natural resources for profits. Littering and careless waste disposal have also hurt the environment along with wildlife extinction and biodiversity losses. Last but not the least; we have also contributed towards soil erosion, higher radiation and noise pollution. These are the catastrophic ways in which we have harmed the environment. Decades of restorative measures are required to reverse these damages to an extent.

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Mrinal Mandal is a study abroad expert with a passion for guiding students towards their international education goals. He holds a degree in mechanical engineering, earned in 2018. Since 2021, Mrinal has been working with upGrad Abroad, where he assists aspiring students in realizing their dreams of studying abroad. With his expertise and dedication, he empowers individuals to navigate the complexities of international education, making their aspirations a reality.

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344 Environmental Essay Topics & Ideas

18 January 2024

last updated

Environmental essay topics explore people’s interconnection with nature. Some themes may range from examining the escalating effects of climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution to the promotion of sustainable practices and green technologies. These subjects invite in-depth discourse on the ethical dimensions of environmental conservation, touching on issues, such as eco-justice and the rights of indigenous communities. They also encompass the analysis of environmental policies, the role of global governance in environmental preservation, and the economic implications of environmental degradation. By offering a diverse landscape for discussion, these environmental essay topics provide a valid platform to not only raise awareness but also generate solutions for the ongoing environmental crises. Each topic is an invitation to deep, critical thinking, encouraging individuals to take an active role in understanding and protecting the planet.

Best Environmental Essay Topics

Climate Change: Consequences and Possible Solutions
Biodiversity in the Rainforest: The Imperative of Protection
The Growing Menace of Ocean Plastic Pollution
Nuclear Energy: A Sustainable Future or Environmental Catastrophe?
Addressing the Decline of Pollinators: Impacts on Agriculture
Impacts of Agriculture on Freshwater Systems
Environmental Education: Key to Creating Sustainable Societies
Depletion of Natural Resources: Causes, Consequences, and Countermeasures
Coral Reefs: Stewardship and Restoration Strategies
Increasing Scarcity of Fresh Water: Solving the Global Crisis
E-Waste Management: The Hidden Environmental Challenge
Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Role of the Transport Sector
Renewable Energy: Benefits and Challenges of Solar Power
Evolution of Environmental Policies: A Global Perspective
Ecotourism: A Sustainable Approach or A Threat to Wildlife?
The Importance of Soil Conservation in Farming Practices
Industrial Waste: Innovative Techniques for Treatment and Recycling
Urbanization: Balancing Development With Environmental Sustainability
Genetically Modified Crops: Environmental Benefits and Risks
Effects of Mining on Local Ecosystems
Global Meat Production: Its Impact on Climate Change
Deforestation: Strategies to Reverse the Damage

Easy Environmental Essay Topics

Droughts and Their Impact on Food Security
Sustainable Fashion: Tackling Waste in the Textile Industry
Overfishing: Threat to Marine Biodiversity
Roles of Artificial Intelligence in Environmental Conservation
Geothermal Energy: Potential and Environmental Impacts
Oil Spills: Evaluating Long-Term Environmental Effects
Conservation of Endangered Species: Success Stories and Lessons Learned
Green Architecture: Implications for Urban Planning
Rethinking Waste: The Circular Economy Model
Desertification: Causes, Impacts, and Prevention Strategies
Environmental Justice: Disproportionate Impacts of Pollution on Communities
Landfills: Innovations in Waste Management
The Influence of Lifestyle Choices on Carbon Footprint
Climate Refugees: The Rising Humanitarian Crisis
Melting Polar Ice: The Far-Reaching Environmental Impacts
Impacts of Invasive Species on Native Ecosystems
Noise Pollution: An Underestimated Environmental Hazard
Restoration of Wetlands: An Ecological Imperative
Understanding the Role of Microplastics in Marine Ecosystems
Biofuels: A Green Energy Source or Environmental Pitfall?
Impacts of the Fashion Industry on Freshwater Depletion
Challenges and Successes of Wildlife Corridors
Indoor Air Quality: The Unseen Environmental Risk
Satellite Technology: Monitoring Environmental Change from Space
The Role of Green Spaces in Urban Ecosystems

Interesting Environmental Essay Topics

Carbon Sequestration: Understanding Its Role in Climate Mitigation
Health Risks of Air Pollution: A Global Perspective
Fracking: Evaluating the Environmental and Health Risks
Hydroelectric Power: Balancing Energy Needs and Ecosystem Impact
The Environmental Impact of Single-Use Plastics
Ecological Footprint: Measurement and Global Comparisons
Sustainable Agriculture: The Power of Permaculture
The Link Between Deforestation and Disease Outbreaks
Roles of Bees in Maintaining Biodiversity
Ecological Impacts of Major Oil Pipeline Projects
Effects of Light Pollution on Wildlife
Algal Blooms: Causes, Impacts, and Solutions
Fast Fashion: The Environmental Cost of Disposable Clothing
The Future of Electric Vehicles: Environmental Benefits and Challenges
Ozone Layer Depletion: Causes and Repercussions
Sustainable Forestry: A Path to Climate Resilience
Technology’s Role in Alleviating Water Scarcity
Population Growth: Implications for Global Sustainability
Pesticides: Balancing Crop Protection With Environmental Health
Impacts of War on the Environment: A Case Study
Microgrid Technology: Implications for Renewable Energy Use
Bioengineering: Potential Solution to Climate Change?

Environmental Essay Topics for High School

Impacts of Global Warming on Polar Ecosystems
Harnessing Solar Energy: A Sustainable Solution
The Consequences of Deforestation: Amazon Rainforest Case Study
Biodiversity Loss: The Silent Extinction
Strategies for Water Conservation in Arid Regions
Plastic Pollution: Tackling the Global Crisis
Urbanization’s Effect on Green Spaces
Sustainable Agriculture: Balancing Human Needs and Nature
Coral Reefs: Challenges and Conservation Efforts
Air Quality and Health: The Underestimated Link
Climate Change: Influences on Global Migration Patterns
Overfishing: A Threat to Marine Ecosystems
Electric Vehicles: A Solution to Air Pollution
E-Waste Management: Ethical and Environmental Challenges
Oceans as Carbon Sinks: Role and Vulnerabilities
Consumerism and Its Environmental Footprint
The Significance of Indigenous Knowledge in Conservation Efforts
Acid Rain: Causes, Effects, and Solutions
The Role of Green Buildings in Reducing Environmental Impact
Fashion Industry: Analyzing Its Environmental Costs
Nuclear Energy: Environmental Risks and Rewards

Environmental Essay Topics for College Students

Evaluating the Impacts of Deforestation on Global Climate
Greenhouse Gases: Understanding Their Sources and Implications
Sustainable Agriculture: Future Pathways for Food Security
Examining the Consequences of Urban Sprawl
Ocean Acidification: A Silent Crisis
The Rising Problem of Electronic Waste: Solutions and Challenges
Species Extinction: Assessing the Role of Human Activities
Wetlands Conservation: Why Is It Critical for Biodiversity?
Renewable Energy: The Path to a Sustainable Future
Fast Fashion and Its Environmental Implications
Impacts of Air Pollution on Urban Environments
Conserving Endangered Species: The Role of Zoos and Sanctuaries
Marine Pollution: The Threats to Our Oceans and Seas
Analyzing the Pros and Cons of Nuclear Energy
Challenges in Water Conservation: A Global Perspective
The Critical Role of Bees in Ecosystems
Understanding the Threat of Invasive Species
Melting Polar Ice: The Consequences for Marine Life
Ecotourism: An Environmental and Economic Boon or Bane?
Discussing the Causes and Effects of Soil Erosion
Dams: Balancing Human Needs and Environmental Consequences
Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Meat Production

Environmental Essay Topics for University

Urban Green Spaces: Their Importance and Conservation
The Relationship Between Overpopulation and Environmental Degradation
Examining the Environmental Impact of Tourism
The Potential of Solar Energy in Mitigating Climate Change
Influence of Population Growth on Water Resources
The Critical Role of Mangrove Forests in Coastal Protection
Oil Spills: Consequences and Cleanup Techniques
The Impact of Mining on Natural Ecosystems
Relevance of Rainforest Preservation to Climate Stability
Challenges and Opportunities in Wind Energy
Impacts of Industrialization on Air Quality
Effectiveness of International Treaties in Protecting the Environment
Desertification: Causes, Effects, and Solutions
The Role of Public Transportation in Reducing Carbon Emissions
Strategies for Reducing Plastic Pollution in Oceans
Sustainable Cities: Measures to Improve Urban Sustainability
The Role of Green Buildings in Urban Sustainability
Biomass Energy: Prospects and Challenges
Organic Farming: Impact on Soil Health and Biodiversity
Pesticides and Their Impact on Non-Target Species
Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture: A Path Forward
Impacts of Climate Change on Coral Reefs
Carbon Capture: A Potential Solution to Climate Change?

Argumentative Environmental Essay Topics

Adoption of Renewable Energy: A Necessity for a Sustainable Future
Implications of Overpopulation on Global Biodiversity
Forest Conservation: An Essential Strategy Against Climate Change
Measures to Control Industrial Pollution: A Policy Perspective
Implementing Strict Regulations on Plastic Usage: Is It Effective?
Roles of Urbanization in Escalating Air Quality Concerns
Genetically Modified Crops: Solution or Threat to Biodiversity?
Governments Should Mandate Sustainable Practices in Corporations: A Debate
Ocean Acidification: Consequences and Mitigation Techniques
Impacts of Fast Fashion on Environmental Sustainability
Ecotourism: A Sustainable Economic Model or Environmental Exploitation?
Assessing the Effectiveness of Carbon Taxation Policies
Overfishing: A Global Crisis and Its Impacts on Ecosystems
Impacts of Climate Change on Global Agriculture: A Comprehensive Analysis
Mitigating Deforestation: Evaluating the Effectiveness of REDD+ Initiatives
Nuclear Energy: An Environmentally-Friendly Power Source or Potential Hazard?
Sustainable Farming Practices: Are They Really Beneficial?
Environmental Ethics: Assessing Our Responsibility Toward Future Generations
Veganism and Its Potential Impact on Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Landfill Waste Management: Strategies for Reducing Environmental Impact
The Threat of Microplastics in Aquatic Ecosystems: Causes and Solutions

Controversial Environmental Essay Topics

Examining the True Cost of Fossil Fuels: Environmental Damage vs. Economic Development
Debating the Efficacy of Carbon Capture Technology: Promising Solution or Futile Endeavour?
Impact of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) on Biodiversity: Progress or Peril?
Harnessing Nuclear Power: Environmental Savior or Silent Killer?
Climate Change’s Influence on Global Politics: Cooperation or Conflict?
Gauging the Ecological Footprint of Digital Technologies: Is Green IT Possible?
Geoengineering and Climate Intervention: Responsible Management or Playing God?
Ecotourism’s Paradox: Protecting or Exploiting Nature?
Meat Consumption’s Role in Environmental Degradation: Time for a Dietary Revolution?
Urban Sprawl and Ecosystem Fragmentation: Can Smart Cities Reverse the Trend?
Plastic Waste Management: Effective Recycling or Biodegradable Solutions?
Implications of Overpopulation: Is Population Control Ethically Justifiable?
Are Renewable Energy Sources Truly Sustainable? Unveiling Hidden Environmental Costs.
Effects of Ocean Acidification on Marine Biodiversity: A Looming Crisis?
Deforestation and Indigenous Rights: A Clash of Interests?
Deciphering the Economic Viability of Green Energy: Profitability or Philanthropy?
Invasive Species and Ecosystem Balance: Is Human Intervention Necessary?
Hydraulic Fracturing (Fracking): Energy Solution or Environmental Nightmare?
Industrial Agriculture’s Role in Soil Degradation: Need for Agroecological Methods?
Chemical Pesticides vs. Organic Farming: Which Ensures Food Security?

Environmental Essay Topics on Air Pollution

Analyzing the Health Impacts of Industrial Air Pollution
Air Quality Index: An Essential Tool for Monitoring Air Pollution
Measures for Mitigating Vehicular Air Pollution in Urban Centers
The Role of Wildfires in Exacerbating Global Air Pollution
Climate Change: The Direct Consequences of Increasing Air Pollution
The Intricate Relationship Between Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Air Quality Regulations in Developed Countries
Industrialization’s Impacts on Air Pollution: A Case Study of China
Strategies for Reducing Household Air Pollution in Developing Countries
Air Pollution in Megacities: The Case of New Delhi
Policy Analysis: International Efforts to Control Air Pollution
The Silent Killer: Long-Term Effects of Exposure to Air Pollution
Proliferation of Plastic Waste: A Significant Contributor to Air Pollution
Impacts of Agriculture-Related Air Pollution on Rural Communities
E-Waste and Its Contribution to Toxic Air Pollution
The Dangers of Radioactive Air Pollution: A Deep Dive Into Chernobyl
The Unseen Consequences of Military Conflicts on Air Pollution
Understanding the Global Disparity in Air Pollution Standards
Dissecting the Impact of Air Pollution on Biodiversity
A Critique of Current Air Purification Technologies
The Effect of Deforestation on Air Pollution Levels

Environmental Essay Topics on Water Pollution

Investigating the Impact of Industrial Effluents on Groundwater Quality
Analysis of Microplastic Contamination in Marine Ecosystems
Unveiling the Truth: The Health Effects of Drinking Polluted Water
Dead Zones in the Ocean: Causes, Consequences, and Solutions
Pharmaceutical Pollution in Waterways: The Unseen Threat
Heavy Metal Contamination in Freshwater Bodies: A Silent Crisis
Acid Rain and its Detrimental Effects on Aquatic Life
Understanding the Role of Agriculture in Nutrient Pollution
The Consequences of Oil Spills on Marine Wildlife and Coastal Communities
The Menace of Eutrophication: Lake and River Ecosystems at Risk
Sewage Disposal: Unraveling Its Environmental and Health Implications
The True Cost of Fracking: Contaminated Water Supplies
Algal Blooms: Understanding Their Causes and Ecological Impacts
Plastic Waste in Oceans: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch
Microorganisms and Water Pollution: Unseen Invaders
Unearthing the Impact of Mining Activities on Water Quality
Radioactive Waste Disposal in Oceans: A Lurking Danger
Landfills Leaching: Assessing Its Impact on Groundwater Pollution
Tackling Water Pollution: Emerging Technologies and Innovations
Ship Wrecks and Underwater Munitions: The Forgotten Water Pollutants

Environmental Essay Topics on Ecosystem Pollution

Analyzing the Impact of Oil Spills on Marine Ecosystems
Investigating Agricultural Runoff’s Role in Eutrophication of Freshwater Bodies
Exploring the Detrimental Effects of Air Pollution on Forest Ecosystems
Revealing the Long-Term Consequences of Acid Rain on Soil Ecosystems
Scrutinizing the Influence of Industrial Waste on Wetland Ecosystems
Discussing the Impact of Microplastics on Aquatic Ecosystems
Evaluating the Effects of Heavy Metal Contamination in River Ecosystems
Assessing the Interplay Between Deforestation and Biodiversity Loss
Elucidating the Consequences of Landfills on Terrestrial Ecosystems
Debating the Ramifications of Climate Change on Arctic Ecosystems
Investigating Urbanization and Its Effect on Local Ecosystems
Pondering the Effects of Light Pollution on Nocturnal Ecosystems
Highlighting the Impact of Persistent Organic Pollutants on Ecosystem Health
Examining the Influence of Noise Pollution on Wildlife Ecosystems
Interpreting the Effects of Overfishing on Oceanic Ecosystems
Unraveling the Role of Radioactive Contamination on Ecosystem Dynamics
Detailing the Impacts of Pesticide Drift on Non-Target Ecosystems
Illustrating the Detrimental Effects of E-Waste on Terrestrial Ecosystems
Clarifying the Implications of Chemical Fertilizers on Soil Microbial Ecosystems
Delving Into the Consequences of Greenhouse Gases on Global Ecosystems
Weighing the Impact of Tourism on Fragile Ecosystems

Environmental Essay Topics on Waste Management & Utilization

Sustainable Methods for Waste Management and Utilization
Innovative Approaches to Recycling and Waste Reduction
The Role of Technology in Waste Management and Utilization
Maximizing Resource Recovery Through Effective Waste Management
Promoting Circular Economy: Waste Management and Utilization
Waste-to-Energy Solutions: Harnessing the Power of Waste
Effective Strategies for Hazardous Waste Management and Utilization
The Importance of Community Engagement in Waste Management
Exploring Biodegradable Alternatives for Waste Management
Enhancing Public Awareness of Waste Management and Utilization
Economic Benefits of Efficient Waste Management Systems
Sustainable Packaging Solutions: Waste Management and Utilization
Addressing E-Waste: Challenges and Solutions for Proper Management
Innovative Methods for Organic Waste Management and Utilization
Waste Management in the Construction Industry: Best Practices
The Role of Legislation and Policy in Waste Management and Utilization
Waste Management and Utilization in Developing Countries: Challenges and Opportunities
Waste Minimization Strategies for a Greener Future
The Impact of Consumer Behavior on Waste Management and Utilization
Effective Strategies for Industrial Waste Management and Utilization

Environmental Essay Topics on Depletion of Natural Resources

Renewable Energy Sources and Their Role in Resource Depletion
Urbanization and Loss of Natural Habitats
Preservation of Endangered Species
Responsible Mining Practices and Environmental Protection
Sustainable Forestry for Timber Production
Managing Water Scarcity in Arid Regions
Control of Erosion and Land Degradation
Impacts of Overconsumption on Resource Depletion
Sustainable Fishing Practices and Aquatic Resource Management
Recycling and Waste Management for Resource Conservation
Soil Conservation and Nutrient Depletion
Conservation of Coral Reefs and Marine Biodiversity
Alternative Materials for Reducing Resource Depletion
Sustainable Tourism and Protection of Natural Resources
Strategies for Sustainable Water Management
Energy Efficiency and Reduction of Resource Depletion
Preservation of Natural Carbon Sinks
Environmental Impacts of Extractive Industries
Conservation of Rainforests and Tropical Biodiversity
Sustainable Use of Natural Resources in Agriculture
Renewable Energy Transition and Resource Preservation
Management of Non-Renewable Resource Depletion
Sustainable Consumption Patterns and Resource Conservation

Environmental Essay Topics About Human Impact

Technology’s Role in Environmental Conservation
Overfishing: Consequences for Oceanic Ecosystems
Promoting Sustainable Economic Development Through Ecotourism
Addressing the Water Crisis: Sustainable Management and Conservation
Urbanization’s Impacts on Natural Habitats
The Power of Education in Promoting Environmental Awareness
International Environmental Agreements: Effectiveness and Implications
Sustainable Transportation: Reducing Carbon Emissions
Wetlands: Ecological Importance and Preservation Efforts
Consumer Choices: Driving Environmental Conservation
Recycling Programs: Benefits, Challenges, and Innovations
Protecting Endangered Species: Successful Conservation Strategies
Green Architecture: Designing Sustainable Buildings
Sustainable Fashion: Ethical and Eco-Friendly Practices
Mining Activities: Impacts on Land and Water Resources
Forest Restoration: Carbon Sequestration and Importance
Climate Change and Natural Disasters: Understanding the Connection
Pesticides and Herbicides: Effects on Ecosystems and Human Health
Environmental Regulations: Controlling Industrial Pollution
Rural Electrification: Harnessing the Potential of Renewable Energy
Sustainable Consumption: Reducing Waste and Carbon Footprints

Essay Topics About Nature and Environment

Sustainable Urban Development: Green Infrastructure and Efficient Resource Management
Ecosystem Restoration: Rehabilitating Degraded Landscapes and Habitats
The Significance of Coral Reefs for Marine Biodiversity and Coastal Protection
Promoting Sustainable Waste Management: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle
The Impacts of Overfishing on Oceanic Food Chains and Fisheries
Climate Change Adaptation Strategies for Vulnerable Communities
The Relationship Between Human Health and Environmental Quality
The Role of Environmental Education in Shaping Sustainable Mindsets
Protecting Water Resources: Conservation and Efficient Use
Impacts of Urbanization on Wildlife Habitats and Ecological Connectivity
Promoting Green Buildings and Energy-Efficient Infrastructure
Biodiversity Hotspots: Protecting Regions of Exceptional Natural Value
The Role of International Agreements in Environmental Conservation
Addressing Plastic Pollution: Towards a Plastic-Free Future
The Importance of Soil Health for Sustainable Agriculture
Promoting Sustainable Transportation: From Electric Vehicles to Public Transit
Benefits and Challenges of Implementing Renewable Energy Sources
The Role of Environmental NGOs in Advocacy and Conservation Efforts
Preserving Natural Landscapes: National Parks and Protected Areas
The Impacts of Industrialization on Air Quality and Human Health

Environmental Law Essay Topics

Addressing Deforestation: Strategies for Forest Conservation
Regulating Fracking: Assessing Environmental and Health Risks
Managing Water Resources in a Changing Climate: Legal Challenges
The Role of Environmental NGOs in Shaping Policy and Law
Examining Legal Implications of Genetically Modified Organisms
Balancing Conservation and Indigenous Rights: A Legal Perspective
Waste Management and Recycling: Legal Approaches
Evaluating Wildlife Protection Laws and Enforcement Mechanisms
Analyzing Climate Change Litigation: Legal Implications
Air Pollution: Legal Frameworks and Mitigation Strategies
Ensuring Environmental Compliance in Extractive Industries
Controlling Pollution From Industrial Activities: Legal Mechanisms
Promoting Sustainable Urban Development: Legal Strategies
Liability and Compensation in Environmental Damage Cases
Legal Frameworks for Environmental Education and Awareness
Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital Valuation: Legal Perspectives
Regulating Agricultural Practices for Sustainable Farming
Protecting Marine Biodiversity: Legal Frameworks for Conservation
Promoting Renewable Energy Investments: Legal Incentives
International Trade Law and Environmental Considerations
Combating Illegal Wildlife Trade: Legal Strategies
Integrating Indigenous Traditional Knowledge Into Environmental Law

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207 climate change essay topics & ideas, 389 expository essay topics & good ideas.

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Eyes on tomorrow, voices of today.

Candice Chen ’22 (left) and Noah Secondo ’22.

Photos by Stephanie Mitchell/Harvard Staff Photographer

Alvin Powell

Harvard Staff Writer

Harvard students share thoughts, fears, plans to meet environmental challenges

For many, thinking about the world’s environmental future brings concern, even outright alarm.

There have been, after all, decades of increasingly strident warnings by experts and growing, ever-more-obvious signs of the Earth’s shifting climate. Couple this with a perception that past actions to address the problem have been tantamount to baby steps made by a generation of leaders who are still arguing about what to do, and even whether there really is a problem.

It’s no surprise, then, that the next generation of global environmental leaders are preparing for their chance to begin work on the problem in government, business, public health, engineering, and other fields with a real sense of mission and urgency.

The Gazette spoke to students engaged in environmental action in a variety of ways on campus to get their views of the problem today and thoughts on how their activities and work may help us meet the challenge.

Eric Fell and Eliza Spear

Fell is president and Spear is vice president of Harvard Energy Journal Club. Fell is a graduate student at the Harvard John H. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Spear is a graduate student in the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology.

FELL: For the past three centuries, fossil fuels have enabled massive growth of our civilization to where we are today. But it is now time for a new generation of cleaner-energy technologies to fuel the next chapter of humanity’s story. We’re not too late to solve this environmental challenge, but we definitely shouldn’t procrastinate as much as we have been. I don’t worry about if we’ll get it done, it’s the when. Our survival depends on it. At Harvard, I’ve been interested in the energy-storage problem and have been focusing on developing a grid-scale solution utilizing flow batteries based on organic molecules in the lab of Mike Aziz . We’ll need significant deployment of batteries to enable massive penetration of renewables into the electrical grid.

SPEAR: Processes leading to greenhouse-gas emissions are so deeply entrenched in our way of life that change continues to be incredibly slow. We need to be making dramatic structural changes, and we should all be very worried about that. In the Harvard Energy Journal Club, our focus is energy, so we strive to learn as much as we can about the diverse options for clean-energy generation in various sectors. A really important aspect of that is understanding how much of an impact those technologies, like solar, hydro, and wind, can really have on reducing greenhouse-gas emissions. It’s not always as much as you’d like to believe, and there are still a lot of technical and policy challenges to overcome.

I can’t imagine working on anything else, but the question of what I’ll be working on specifically is on my mind a lot. The photovoltaics field is at a really exciting point where a new technology is just starting to break out onto the market, so there are a lot of opportunities for optimization in terms of performance, safety, and environmental impact. That’s what I’m working on now [in Roy Gordon’s lab ] and I’m really enjoying it. I’ll definitely be in the renewable-energy technology realm. The specifics will depend on where I see the greatest opportunity to make an impact.

Photo (left) courtesy of Kritika Kharbanda; photo by Tiera Satchebell.

Kritika Kharbanda ’23 and Laier-Rayshon Smith ’21

Kharbanda is with the Harvard Student Climate Change Conference, Harvard Circular Economy Symposium. Smith is a member of Climate Leaders Program for Professional Students at Harvard. Both are students at Harvard Graduate School of Design.

KHARBANDA: I come from a country where the most pressing issues are, and will be for a long time, poverty, food shortage, and unemployment born out of corruption, illiteracy, and rapid gentrification. India was the seventh-most-affected country by climate change in 2019. With two-thirds of the population living in rural areas with no access to electricity, even the notion of climate change is unimaginable.

I strongly believe that the answer lies in the conjugality of research and industry. In my field, achieving circularity in the building material processes is the burning concern. The building industry currently contributes to 40 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions, of which 38 percent is contributed by the embedded or embodied energy used for the manufacturing of materials. A part of the Harvard i-lab, I am a co-founder of Cardinal LCA, an early stage life-cycle assessment tool that helps architects and designers visualize this embedded energy in building materials, saving up to 46 percent of the energy from the current workflow. This venture has a strong foundation as a research project for a seminar class I took at the GSD in fall 2020, instructed by Jonathan Grinham. I am currently working as a sustainability engineer at Henning Larsen architects in Copenhagen while on a leave of absence from GSD. In the decades to come, I aspire to continue working on the embodied carbon aspect of the building industry. Devising an avant garde strategy to record the embedded carbon is the key. In the end, whose carbon is it, anyway?

SMITH: The biggest challenges are areas where the threat of climate change intersects with environmental justice. It is important that we ensure that climate-change mitigation and adaptation strategies are equitable, whether it is sea-level rise or the increase in urban heat islands. We should seek to address the threats faced by the most vulnerable communities — the communities least able to resolve the threat themselves. These often tend to be low-income communities and communities of color that for decades have been burdened with bearing the brunt of environmental health hazards.

During my time at Harvard, I have come to understand how urban planning and design can seek to address this challenge. Planners and designers can develop strategies to prioritize communities that are facing a significant climate-change risk, but because of other structural injustices may not be able to access the resources to mitigate the risk. I also learned about climate gentrification: a phenomenon in which people in wealthier communities move to areas with lower risks of climate-change threats that are/were previously lower-income communities. I expect to work on many of these issues, as many are connected and are threats to communities across the country. From disinvestment and economic extraction to the struggle to find quality affordable housing, these injustices allow for significant disparities in life outcomes and dealing with risk.

Lucy Shaw ’21

Shaw is co-president of the HBS Energy and Environment Club. She is a joint-degree student at Harvard Business School and Harvard Kennedy School.

SHAW: I want to see a world where climate change is averted and the environment preserved, without it being at the expense of the development and prosperity of lower-income countries. We have, or are on the cusp of having, many of the financial and technological tools we need to reduce emissions and environmental damage from a wide array of industries, such as agriculture, energy, and transport. The challenge I am most worried about is how we balance economic growth and opportunity with reducing humanity’s environmental impact and share this burden equitably across countries.

I came to Harvard as a joint degree student at the Kennedy School and Business School to be able to see this challenge from two different angles. In my policy-oriented classes, we learned about the opportunities and challenges of global coordination among national governments — the difficulty in enforcing climate agreements, and in allocating and agreeing on who bears the responsibility and the costs of change, but also the huge potential that an international framework with nationally binding laws on environmental protection and carbon-emission reduction could have on changing the behavior of people and businesses. In my business-oriented classes, we learned about the power of business to create change, if there is a driven leadership. We also learned that people and businesses respond to incentives, and the importance of reducing cost of technologies or increasing the cost of not switching to more sustainable technologies — for example, through a tax. After graduate school, I plan to join a leading private equity investor in their growing infrastructure team, which will equip me with tools to understand what makes a good investment in infrastructure and what are the opportunities for reducing the environmental impact of infrastructure while enhancing its value. I hope to one day be involved in shaping environmental and development policy, whether it is on a national or international level.

Photo (left) by Tabitha Soren.

Quinn Lewis ’23 and Suhaas Bhat ’24

Both are with the Student Climate Change Conference, Harvard College.

LEWIS: When I was a kid, I imagined being an adult as a future with a stable house, a fun job, and happy kids. That future didn’t include wildfires that obscured the sun for months, global water shortages, or billionaires escaping to terrariums on Mars. The threats are so great and so assured by inaction that it’s very hard for me to justify doing anything else with my time and attention because very little will matter if there’s 1 billion climate refugees and significant portions of the continental United States become uninhabitable for human life.

For whatever reason, I still feel a great deal of hope around giving it a shot. I can’t imagine not working to mitigate the climate crisis. Media and journalism will play a huge role in raising awareness, as they generate public pressure that can sway those in power. Another route for change is to cut directly to those in power and try to convince them of the urgency of the situation. Given that I am 22 years old, it is much easier to raise public awareness or work in media and journalism than it is to sit down with some of the most powerful people on the planet, who tend to be rather busy. At school, I’m on a team that runs the University-wide Student Climate Change Conference at Harvard, which is a platform for speakers from diverse backgrounds to discuss the climate crisis and ways students and educators can take immediate and effective action. Also, I write about and research challenges and solutions to the climate crisis through the lenses of geopolitics and the global economy, both as a student at the College and as a case writer at the Harvard Business School. Outside of Harvard, I have worked in investigative journalism and at Crooked Media, as well as on political campaigns to indirectly and directly drive urgency around the climate crisis.

BHAT: The failure to act on climate change in the last few decades, despite mountains of scientific evidence, is a consequence of political and institutional cowardice. Fossil fuel companies have obfuscated, misinformed, and lobbied for decades, and governments have failed to act in the best interests of their citizens. Of course, the fight against climate change is complex and multidimensional, requiring scientific, technical, and entrepreneurial expertise, but it will ultimately require systemic change to allow these talents to shine.

At Harvard, my work on climate has been focused on running the Harvard Student Climate Conference, as well as organizing for Fossil Fuel Divest Harvard. My hope for the Climate Conference is to provide students access to speakers who have dedicated their careers to all aspects of the fight against climate change, so that students interested in working on climate have more direction and inspiration for what to do with their careers. We’ve featured Congresswoman Ayanna Pressley, members of the Sunrise Movement, and the CEO of Impossible Foods as some examples of inspiring and impactful people who are working against climate change today.

I organize for FFDH because I believe that serious institutional change is necessary for solving the climate crisis and also because of a sort of patriotism I have for Harvard. I deeply respect and care for this institution, and genuinely believe it is an incredible force for good in the world. At the same time, I believe Harvard has a moral duty to stand against the corporations whose misdeeds and falsification of science have enabled the climate crisis.

Libby Dimenstein ’22

Dimenstein is co-president of Harvard Law School Environmental Law Society.

DIMENSTEIN: Climate change is the one truly existential threat that my generation has had to face. What’s most scary is that we know it’s happening. We know how bad it will be; we know people are already dying from it; and we still have done so little relative to the magnitude of the problem. I also worry that people don’t see climate change as an “everyone problem,” and more as a problem for people who have the time and money to worry about it, when in reality it will harm people who are already disadvantaged the most.

I want to recognize Professor Wendy Jacobs, who recently passed away. Wendy founded HLS’s fantastic Environmental Law and Policy Clinic, and she also created an interdisciplinary class called the Climate Solutions Living Lab. In the lab, groups of students drawn from throughout the University would conduct real-world projects to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions. The class was hard, because actually reducing greenhouse gases is hard, but it taught us about the work that needs to be done. This summer I’m interning with the Environmental Defense Fund’s U.S. Clean Air Team, and I anticipate a lot of my work will revolve around the climate. After graduating, I’m hoping to do environmental litigation, either with a governmental division or a nonprofit, but I also have an interest in policy work: Impact litigation is fascinating and important, but what we need most is sweeping policy change.

Candice Chen ’22 and Noah Secondo ’22

Chen and Secondo are co-directors of the Harvard Environmental Action Committee. Both attend Harvard College.

SECONDO: The environment is fundamental to rural Americans’ identity, but they do not believe — as much as urban Americans — that the government can solve environmental problems. Without the whole country mobilized and enthusiastic, from New Hampshire to Nebraska, we will fail to confront the climate crisis. I have no doubt that we can solve this problem. To rebuild trust between the U.S. government and rural communities, federal departments and agencies need to speak with rural stakeholders, partner with state and local leaders, and foreground rural voices. Through the Harvard College Democrats and the Environmental Action Committee, I have contributed to local advocacy efforts and creative projects, including an environmental art publication.

I hope to work in government to keep the policy development and implementation processes receptive to rural perspectives, including in the environmental arena. At every level of government, if we work with each other in good faith, we will tackle the climate crisis and be better for it.

CHEN: I’m passionate about promoting more sustainable, plant-based diets. As individual consumers, we have very little control over the actions of the largest emitters, massive corporations, but we can all collectively make dietary decisions that can avoid a lot of environmental degradation. Our food system is currently very wasteful, and our overreliance on animal agriculture devastates natural ecosystems, produces lots of potent greenhouse gases, and creates many human health hazards from poor animal-waste disposal. I feel like the climate conversation is often focused around the clean energy transition, and while it is certainly the largest component of how we can avoid the worst effects of global warming, the dietary conversation is too often overlooked. A more sustainable future also requires us to rethink agriculture, and especially what types of agriculture our government subsidizes. In the coming years, I hope that more will consider the outsized environmental impact of animal agriculture and will consider making more plant-based food swaps.

To raise awareness of the environmental benefits of adopting a more plant-based diet, I’ve been involved with running a campaign through the Environmental Action Committee called Veguary. Veguary encourages participants to try going vegetarian or vegan for the month of February, and participants receive estimates for how much their carbon/water/land use footprints have changed based on their pledged dietary changes for the month.

Photo (left) courtesy of Cristina Su Liu.

Cristina Su Liu ’22 and James Healy ’21

How Earth Day gave birth to environmental movement

The culture of Earth Day

Spirituality, social justice, and climate change meet at the crossroads

Liu is with Harvard Climate Leaders Program for Professional Students. Healy is with the Harvard Student Climate Change Conference. Both are students at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.

HEALY: As a public health student I see so many environmental challenges, be it the 90 percent of the world who breathe unhealthy air, or the disproportionate effects of extreme heat on communities of color, or the environmental disruptions to the natural world and the zoonotic disease that humans are increasingly being exposed to. But the central commonality at the heart of all these crises is the climate crisis. Climate change, from the greenhouse-gas emissions to the physical heating of the Earth, is worsening all of these environmental crises. That’s why I call the climate crisis the great exacerbator. While we will all feel the effects of climate change, it will not be felt equally. Whether it’s racial inequity or wealth inequality, the climate crisis is widening these already gaping divides.

Solutions may have to be outside of our current road maps for confronting crises. I have seen the success of individual efforts and private innovation in tackling the COVID-19 pandemic, from individuals wearing masks and social distancing to the huge advances in vaccine development. But for climate change, individual efforts and innovation won’t be enough. I would be in favor of policy reform and coalition-building between new actors. As an overseer of the Harvard Student Climate Change Conference and the Harvard Climate Leaders Program, I’ve aimed to help mobilize Harvard’s diverse community to tackle climate change. I am also researching how climate change makes U.S. temperatures more variable, and how that’s reducing the life expectancies of Medicare recipients. The goal of this research, with Professor Joel Schwartz, will be to understand the effects of climate change on vulnerable communities. I certainly hope to expand on these themes in my future work.

SU LIU: A climate solution will need to be a joint effort from the whole society, not just people inside the environmental or climate circles. In addition to cross-sectoral cooperation, solving climate change will require much stronger international cooperation so that technologies, projects, and resources can be developed and shared globally. As a Chinese-Brazilian student currently studying in the United States, I find it very valuable to learn about the climate challenges and solutions of each of these countries, and how these can or cannot be applied in other settings. China-U.S. relations are tense right now, but I hope that climate talks can still go ahead since we have much to learn from each other.

Personally, as a student in environmental health at [the Harvard Chan School], I feel that my contribution to addressing this challenge until now has been in doing research, learning more about the health impacts of climate change, and most importantly, learning how to communicate climate issues to people outside climate circles. Every week there are several climate-change events at Harvard, where a different perspective on climate change is addressed. It has been very inspiring for me, and I feel that I could learn about climate change in a more holistic way.

Recently, I started an internship at FXB Village, where I am working on developing and integrating climate resilience indicators into their poverty-alleviation program in rural communities in Puebla, Mexico. It has been very rewarding to introduce climate-change and climate-resilience topics to people working on poverty alleviation and see how everything is interconnected. When we address climate resilience, we are also addressing access to basic services, livelihoods, health, equity, and quality of life in general. This is where climate justice is addressed, and that is a very powerful idea.

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Home — Essay Samples — Environment — Environmental Issues — Environmental Problems: Challenges and Solutions

Environmental Problems: Challenges and Solutions

Categories: Ecology Environmental Issues

About this sample

Words: 1427 |

Published: May 17, 2022

Words: 1427 | Pages: 3 | 8 min read

Introduction, environmental problems, global climate change (greenhouse effect), energy conservation, renewable energy sources, sustainable energy.

Greenhouse gas emissions must be balanced or reduced, with the help of RES and energy conservations.
Energy conservation is vital to sustainable development and, although it has its limitations, it must be performed in all possible ways. This is necessary not only for us but for the next generation as well.
Renewable energy sources and technologies should be used more to prevent upcoming energy shortages and environmental problems.
Energy, environment and sustainable development Ibrahim Dincer a, *, Marc A. Rosen
A review of renewable energy sources, sustainability issues and climate change mitigation
Perman R, Ma Y, McGilvray J. Natural resource and environmental economics. London: Longman, 1996.
Dincer I. Energy and environmental impacts: present and future perspectives. Energy Sources 1998;20(4-5):427-53.
Aebischer B, Giovannini B, Pain D. Scienti®c and technical arguments for the optimal use of energy. Geneva: IEA, 1989.
Anon. Global energy perspectives to 2050 and beyond. London: World Energy Council Technical Report, 1995

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Environmental Pollution: Causes and Consequences Essay

Environmental pollution is the unwarranted discharge of mass or energy into the planet’s natural resource pools, such as land, air, or water, which detriments the environment’s ecological stability and the health of the living things that inhabit it. There is an intensified health risk and pollution in middle and low-income countries due to the increased use of pesticides, industrialization, the introduction of nitrogen-based fertilizers, forest fires, urbanization, and inadequate waste management (Appannagari, 2017). Air pollution, lead and chemicals exposure, hazardous waste exposure, and inappropriate e-waste disposal all result in unfavorable living conditions, fatal illnesses, and ecosystem destruction. The essay will provide an overview of pollution and proffer solutions to combating pollution for a sustainable environment and health.

In addition to hindering economic development and considerably accelerating climate change, pollution exacerbates poverty and inequality in urban and rural areas. The most pain is always experienced by the poor, who cannot afford to protect themselves against pollution’s harmful effects. The main environmental factor contributing to sickness and early mortality is pollution due to premature deaths resulting from pollution (Appannagari, 2017). Due to the unacceptably high cost to human capital and health, as well as the resulting GDP losses, pollution must be addressed. Through initiatives like reducing black carbon and methane emissions, which are responsible for air pollution and climate change, pollution management can also significantly contribute to climate change mitigation (Appannagari, 2017). Additionally, pollution control can promote competitiveness through, for instance, job growth, increased energy efficiency, better transportation, and sustainable urban and rural development. Below are the various approaches for solutions to health and pollution problems.

First, governments should evaluate pollution as a national and international priority and integrate it into the city and country planning process. Pollution affects the health and well-being of societies and, as such, cannot be solely viewed as an environmental issue (The Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health, 2017). All levels of government should give pollution prevention a high priority, incorporate it into development planning, and tie it to commitments regarding climate change, SDGs, and the prevention of non-communicable diseases. Some options are both affordable and offer good returns on investment.

Secondly, governments should increase funding for pollution control and prioritize it by health impacts. There should be a significant increase in the financing for pollution management in low- and middle-income nations, both from national budgets and international development organizations (The Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health, 2017). The most effective international support for pollution reduction is when it mobilizes additional actions and funding from others. Examples include helping towns and nations that are quickly industrializing concerning technical capacity building, regulatory and enforcement support, and support for direct actions to save lives. Monitoring financing initiatives are necessary to determine their cost-effectiveness and to raise accountability.

Thirdly, organizations should work to build multicultural partnerships for pollution control. Public-private partnerships and interagency cooperation can be powerful tools in creating clean technology and energy sources that will ultimately prevent pollution at its source (The Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health, 2017). Collaborations between ministries that include the ministries of finance, energy, development, agriculture, and transport, as well as the ministries of health and the environment, are crucial in pollution control. Governments should promote monitoring systems that could identify and apportion pollution sources, measure pollution levels, guide enforcement, and assess progress toward goals. The use of new technology in pollution monitoring, such as data mining and satellite images, can boost effectiveness, broaden the monitoring area, and cut costs.

One of the main issues facing the world in the current period is pollution. Natural resources are depleting daily due to car emissions, new technologies, factories, and chemicals added to food. All of these factors seriously harm the world. However, the problems caused by pollution can be prevented by building multicultural partnerships, increasing funding for pollution control, integrating it into the country’s planning process, and adopting new technology for monitoring pollution. Preventing pollution lowers the cost to the environment and the economy.

Appannagari, R. R. (2017). Environmental pollution causes and consequences: A study . North Asian International Research Journal of Social Science and Humanities , 3 (8), 151-161. Web.

Excell High School. (2018). Environmental Science . Excel Education Systems, Inc. Web.

The Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health. (2017). Pollution and health: Six problems and six solutions. Knowledge, Evidence, and Learning for Development.

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Environmental Problems And Its Solutions (Essay Sample)

Table of Contents

Environmental problems and its solutions

The globe is rampantly getting affected by climate impacts. The problems are ranging from prolonged water shortages to damaging coastal floods and wildfires. Ecologists studying the environmental variations are excited and eager to have their intellectual dispensation utilized in adaptive decision making. To enhance productive environmental management, community and science must engage productively within complex management as well as the policies issues. Environmental problems are depicted as issues within the entire ecosystem developed from either human interference or total mistreatment of the universe. The problems could either be in the water, soil, air or the three components of the atmosphere. It is unfortunate over four decades after the first Earth Day; the world is still struggling to various environmental concerns. In regards to various environmental concerns, this paper will address the most pressing environmental problems affecting the globe. Similarly, it will highlight the potential solutions help to restore ecological balance.

Global warming

The greenhouse gas emissions have been the primary contributors to global warming. The gas is released from burning of fossils fuels and other unsustainable forms of energy. The environmental consequences of this emission are calamitous in the developing countries. These ranges from heat waves, wildfires, flooding and prolonged droughts. According to the researchers, there is low political will to initiate a massive policy to restrict fossils fuels. Moreover, the effects of carbon emission are not only limited to the atmosphere, but it contributes to other health hazards. Public awareness and participation against carbon emission are essential than pressuring the policymakers for prompt actions.

Potential solution to global warming

The menace of global warming encompasses both the population well-being and ecosystem. The collective approach to ending the vice imperative and obligatory. The transportation industries are the key emitters of greenhouse gas. The second potential contributor is the home energy. Regarding this, certified home energy audit is necessary at the residential home for more efficient energy utilization. Moreover, for the transportation industries, walking or biking is recommended. However, with the modernization and improvement of technology, going electric can help to reduce global warming.

Air, water and soil pollution

Carbon emission creates the smoggy conditions in major cities and towns. Air pollution in the city is associated with various public health concerns. Chinese cities like Beijing and Shanghai are leading in the air pollution from industries and plants. Despite the public underestimation of water and soil contamination, they are also significant public health concerns. The health effects of consuming dirty water are severe according to Clean Water Act. Finally, soil pollution is a great concern to food security. The use of farms inputs like pesticides and fertilizers are the major factors in soil contamination in the modern world.

Potential solution to air, water and soil pollution

Managing air pollution is important to reduce respiratory infection cases. People should make a concerted effort to drive less but commute using a bicycle, skating or walking. The efforts of switching over to green energy should be motivated and supported by the government. Meanwhile, soil and water pollution can be reduced through organic farming. Pests and insects should be controlled mechanically rather than excessive use of inorganic chemicals.

Deforestation

Forests are essential natural resources in mitigating adverse climate change. According to scientists, forests are carbon sinks which enhance the absorption of emitted carbon gases from the factories. Clearing trees for settlement purposes or otherwise allows the greenhouse gases to escape into the environment thus causing the environmental problems. Other human activities like ranching may also cause deforestation. However, cattle flatulence is a primary source of methane gas, responsible for short term environmental challenges.

Proposed solution to deforestation

Planting trees to support the environment is an essential approach in promoting the clean and safe environment. Secondly, the consumers should avoid using paper towels but instead adopt washable clothes. Finally, the public should be encouraged to boycott products made by Palm Oil companies. This company has contributed to deforestation in many parts of Indonesia and Malaysia.

Essay on Environment for Students and Children

500+ words essay on environment.

Essay on Environment – All living things that live on this earth comes under the environment. Whether they live on land or water they are part of the environment. The environment also includes air, water, sunlight, plants, animals, etc.

Moreover, the earth is considered the only planet in the universe that supports life. The environment can be understood as a blanket that keeps life on the planet sage and sound.

Importance of Environment

We truly cannot understand the real worth of the environment. But we can estimate some of its importance that can help us understand its importance. It plays a vital role in keeping living things healthy in the environment.

Likewise, it maintains the ecological balance that will keep check of life on earth. It provides food, shelter, air, and fulfills all the human needs whether big or small.

Moreover, the entire life support of humans depends wholly on the environmental factors. In addition, it also helps in maintaining various life cycles on earth.

Most importantly, our environment is the source of natural beauty and is necessary for maintaining physical and mental health.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Benefits of the Environment

The environment gives us countless benefits that we can’t repay our entire life. As they are connected with the forest, trees, animals, water, and air. The forest and trees filter the air and absorb harmful gases. Plants purify water, reduce the chances of flood maintain natural balance and many others.

Moreover, the environment keeps a close check on the environment and its functioning, It regulates the vital systems that are essential for the ecosystem. Besides, it maintains the culture and quality of life on earth.

The environment regulates various natural cycles that happen daily. These cycles help in maintaining the natural balance between living things and the environment. Disturbance of these things can ultimately affect the life cycle of humans and other living beings.

The environment has helped us and other living beings to flourish and grow from thousands of years. The environment provides us fertile land, water, air, livestock and many essential things for survival.

Cause of Environmental Degradation

Human activities are the major cause of environmental degradation because most of the activities humans do harm the environment in some way. The activities of humans that causes environmental degradation is pollution, defective environmental policies, chemicals, greenhouse gases, global warming, ozone depletion, etc.

All these affect the environment badly. Besides, these the overuse of natural resources will create a situation in the future there will be no resources for consumption. And the most basic necessity of living air will get so polluted that humans have to use bottled oxygen for breathing.

Above all, increasing human activity is exerting more pressure on the surface of the earth which is causing many disasters in an unnatural form. Also, we are using the natural resources at a pace that within a few years they will vanish from the earth. To conclude, we can say that it is the environment that is keeping us alive. Without the blanket of environment, we won’t be able to survive.

Moreover, the environment’s contribution to life cannot be repaid. Besides, still what the environment has done for us, in return we only have damaged and degraded it.

FAQs about Essay on Environment

Q.1 What is the true meaning of the environment?

A.1 The ecosystem that includes all the plants, animals, birds, reptiles, insects, water bodies, fishes, human beings, trees, microorganisms and many more are part of the environment. Besides, all these constitute the environment.

Q.2 What is the three types of the environment?

A.2 The three types of environment includes the physical, social, and cultural environment. Besides, various scientists have defined different types and numbers of environment.

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Essay on Environmental Pollution: 100 Words, 200 Words

Updated on
Aug 31, 2023

One of the biggest risks to life as we know it is environmental degradation. The water we drink, the air we breathe, and the ecosystems on which we depend are all impacted by pollution. People, animals, and plants will decline if pollution levels continue to rise since they won’t be able to adapt to a significantly altered environment. Are you struggling to write an essay on environmental pollution? If the answer is yes, then this blog will help you get some ideas to write an effective essay. Keep reading further to know more!

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Essay on environmental pollution – 100 words , essay on environmental pollution – 250 words , essay on environmental pollution – 500 words .

The presence of contaminants in the environment is referred to as pollution. Gases like Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Carbon Monoxide (CO), among others; solid pollutants like plastic, sewage, etc.; and chemicals like fertilisers, as well as those produced as byproducts in manufacturing, transportation, etc., are a few examples of polluting substances.

The immediate result of pollution is that it makes the world’s natural resources useless or toxic to use, as well as leads to the extinction of species and ecological imbalance. To stop more harm from occurring to the earth and its inhabitants due to environmental pollution, it is imperative to take proactive precautions.

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Environmental Pollution Essay

Essay on Environmental Pollution

The environment is the surrounding of an organism. The environment in which an organism lives is made up of various components like air, water, land, etc. These components are found in fixed proportions to create a harmonious balance in the environment for the organism to live in. Any kind of undesirable and unwanted change in the proportions of these components can be termed as pollution. This issue is increasing with every passing year. It is an issue that creates economic, physical, and social troubles. The environmental problem that is worsening with each day needs to be addressed so that its harmful effects on humans as well as the planet can be discarded.

Causes of Environmental Pollution

With the rise of the industries and the migration of people from villages to cities in search of employment, there has been a regular increase in the problem of proper housing and unhygienic living conditions. These reasons have given rise to factors that cause pollution.

Environmental pollution is of five basic types namely, Air, Water, Soil, and Noise pollution.

Air Pollution: Air pollution is a major issue in today’s world. The smoke pouring out of factory chimneys and automobiles pollute the air that we breathe in. Gases like carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and sulphur dioxide are emitted with this smoke which mixes with air and causes great harm to the human body, flora, and fauna. The dry-farm waste, dry grass, leaves, and coal used as domestic fuels in our villages also produce harmful gases. Acid rain occurs due to an excess of sulphur dioxide in the air.

The Main Sources of Air Pollution are as Follows:

Automobile pollution

Industrial air pollution

Burning garbage

Brick kilns

Indoor air pollution

Decomposed animals and plants

Radioactive elements

Water Pollution: Water pollution is one of the most serious environmental issues. The waste products from the growing industries and sewage water are not treated properly before disposing of the wastewater into the rivers and other water bodies, thus leading to water pollution. Agricultural processes with excess fertilizers and pesticides also pollute the water bodies.

The Main Sources of Water Pollution as Follows:

Marine commerce.

Industrial effluents joining seas and oceans.

Dumping of radioactive substances into seawater.

Sewage is disposed of into the sea by rivers.

Offshore oil rigs.

Recreational activities.

Agricultural pollutants are disposed of into the water bodies.

Soil or Land Pollution: Soil pollution or land pollution results from the deposition of solid waste, accumulation of biodegradable material, deposition of chemicals with poisonous chemical compositions, etc on the open land. Waste materials such as plastics, polythene, and bottles, cause land pollution and render the soil infertile. Moreover, the dumping of dead bodies of animals adds to this issue. Soil pollution causes several diseases in man and animals like Cholera, Dysentery, Typhoid, etc.

The Main Causes of Soil Pollution are as Follows:

Industrial waste

Urban commercial and domestic waste

Chemical fertilizers

Biomedical waste

Noise Pollution: With an increasing population, urbanization, and industrialization, noise pollution is becoming a serious form of pollution affecting human life, health, and comfort in daily life. Horns of vehicles, loudspeakers, music systems, and industrial activities contribute to noise pollution.

The Main Sources of Noise Pollution as Follows:

The machines in the factories and industries produce whistling sounds, crushing noise, and thundering sounds.

Loudspeakers, horns of vehicles.

Blasting of rocks and earth, drilling tube wells, ventilation fans, and heavy earth-moving machinery at construction sites.

How Pollution Harms Health and Environment

The lives of people and other creatures are affected by environmental pollution, both directly and indirectly. For centuries, these living organisms have coexisted with humans on the planet.

1. Effect on the Environment

Smog is formed when carbon and dust particles bind together in the air, causing respiratory problems, haze, and smoke. These are created by the combustion of fossil fuels in industrial and manufacturing facilities and vehicle combustion of carbon fumes.

Furthermore, these factors impact the immune systems of birds, making them carriers of viruses and diseases. It also has an impact on the body's system and organs.

2. Land, Soil, and Food Effects

The degradation of human organic and chemical waste harms the land and soil. It also releases chemicals into the land and water. Pesticides, fertilisers, soil erosion, and crop residues are the main causes of land and soil pollution.

3. Effects on water

Water is easily contaminated by any pollutant, whether it be human waste or factory chemical discharge. We also use this water for crop irrigation and drinking. They, too, get polluted as a result of infection. Furthermore, an animal dies as a result of drinking the same tainted water.

Furthermore, approximately 80% of land-based pollutants such as chemical, industrial, and agricultural waste wind up in water bodies.

Furthermore, because these water basins eventually link to the sea, they contaminate the sea's biodiversity indirectly.

4. Food Reaction

Crops and agricultural produce become poisonous as a result of contaminated soil and water. These crops are laced with chemical components from the start of their lives until harvest when they reach a mass level. Due to this, tainted food has an impact on our health and organs.

5. Climate Change Impact

Climate change is also a source of pollution in the environment. It also has an impact on the ecosystem's physical and biological components.

Ozone depletion, greenhouse gas emissions, and global warming are all examples of environmental pollution. Because these water basins eventually link to the sea, they contaminate the sea's biodiversity indirectly. Furthermore, their consequences may be fatal for future generations. The unpredictably cold and hot climate impacts the earth’s natural system.

Furthermore, earthquakes, starvation, smog, carbon particles, shallow rain or snow, thunderstorms, volcanic eruptions, and avalanches are all caused by climate change, caused entirely by environmental pollution.

How to Minimise Environmental Pollution?

To minimise this issue, some preventive measures need to be taken.

Principle of 3R’s: To save the environment, use the principle of 3 R’s; Reuse, Reduce and Recycle.

Reuse products again and again. Instead of throwing away things after one use, find a way to use them again. Reduce the generation of waste products.

Recycle: Paper, plastics, glass, and electronic items can be processed into new products while using fewer natural resources and lesser energy.

To prevent and control air pollution, better-designed equipment, and smokeless fuels should be used in homes and industries. More and more trees should be planted to balance the ecosystem and control greenhouse effects.

Noise pollution can be minimised by better design and proper maintenance of vehicles. Industrial noise can be reduced by soundproofing equipment like generators, etc.

To control soil pollution, we must stop the usage of plastic. Sewage should be treated properly before using it as fertilizers and as landfills. Encourage organic farming as this process involves the use of biological materials and avoiding synthetic substances to maintain soil fertility and ecological balance.

Several measures can be adopted to control water pollution. Some of them are water consumption and usage that can be minimized by altering the techniques involved. Water should be reused with treatment.

The melting icebergs in Antarctica resulted in rising sea levels due to the world's environmental pollution, which had become a serious problem due to global warming, which had become a significant concern. Rising carbon pollution poses a risk for causing natural disasters such as earthquakes, cyclones, and other natural disasters.

The Hiroshima-Nagasaki and Chernobyl disasters in Russia have irreversibly harmed humanity. Different countries around the world are responding to these calamities in the most effective way possible.

Different countries around the world are responding to these calamities in the most effective way possible. More public awareness campaigns are being established to educate people about the hazards of pollution and the importance of protecting our environment. Greener lifestyles are becoming more popular; for example, energy-efficient lighting, new climate-friendly autos, and the usage of wind and solar power are just a few examples.

Governments emphasise the need to plant more trees, minimise the use of plastics, improve natural waste recovery, and reduce pesticide use. This ecological way of living has helped humanity save other creatures from extinction while making the Earth a greener and safer ecology.

Conclusion

It is the responsibility of every individual to save our planet from these environmental contamination agents. If preventive measures are not taken then our future generation will have to face major repercussions. The government is also taking steps to create public awareness. Every individual should be involved in helping to reduce and control pollution.

FAQs on Environmental Pollution Essay

1. What do you understand by ‘Environmental Pollution’?

Environmental pollution is the contamination of the environment and surroundings like air, water, soil by the discharge of harmful substances.

2. What preventive measures should be taken to save our environment?

Some of the preventive measures that should be taken to save our environment are discussed below.

We can save our environment by adopting the concept of carpooling and promoting public transport to save fuel. Smoking bars are public policies, including criminal laws and occupational safety and health regulations that prohibit tobacco smoking in workplaces and other public places.

The use of Fossil fuels should be restricted because it causes major environmental issues like global warming.

Encourage organic farming to maintain the fertility of the soil.

3. What are the main sources of soil pollution?

The main sources of soil pollution as follows:

Industrial waste

Urban commercial and domestic waste

Chemical fertilizers

Biomedical waste

4. What is organic farming?

It is a farming method that involves growing and nurturing crops without the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides.

Environmental Pollution Essay

The essay on environmental pollution explains how the earth and its natural resources are under the ever-increasing threat of pollution. All life on earth is threatened by this vicious process initiated by human intervention. The pollutants released from all kinds of human activity, including industrial processes, have had devastating effects on the delicate balance of nature. The most common forms of environmental pollution are air pollution, water pollution, and soil pollution. Environmental pollution has to be addressed as the most pressing problem facing humanity now, and solutions have to be implemented before it is too late. Pollution has been causing damage to natural resources in every corner of the world for decades, but it seems that we have been running away from taking any positive measures to mitigate its impact on the environment. This environmental pollution essay in English will help children realise these factors and instruct them to conserve the environment and handle natural resources with the care they deserve.

Reasons for Environmental Pollution

Environmental pollution is a significant problem in the world today. Some industries release chemicals into the air, which cause harm to the ozone layer that shields us from UV radiation. Some industries release harmful chemicals into water resources. These emissions will be carried by wind and rain and deposited on land or ocean surfaces.

Overpopulation is one of the primary reasons for massive environmental pollution. Besides, it has resulted due to improper waste disposal, hazardous chemical emissions, an increase in the number of factories, and overuse of natural resources.

Suggested Article: Causes of Environmental Pollution

Measures to Avoid Environmental Pollution

With the use of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, it is possible to limit global warming and reduce pollution at the same time. One of the leading causes of environmental pollution is the production, transportation and disposal of electronic waste. Companies should install recycling systems for computers and cell phones to reduce their need for landfills.

One of the measures to avoid pollution is to reduce the use of plastics. This includes using fewer disposable containers, choosing reusable bags, and reducing the use of plastics. Another way to avoid pollution is by recycling and disposing of waste responsibly.

Help kids learn how to write an essay on environmental pollution by asking them to read this essay.

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More From Forbes

Nature-based climate solutions: rebuilding trust in carbon markets.

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Mangrove trees, belonging to the Rhizophoraceae family, thrive in coastal ecosystems with their ... [+] unique adaptations. These halophytes feature aerial roots that facilitate oxygen intake, essential for survival in waterlogged soils. Mangroves play a crucial ecological role, providing habitat, stabilizing shorelines, and contributing to nutrient cycling in marine environments.

The world is not going to achieve net zero without implementing every tool available and nature-based climate solutions are going to play a critical role in mitigating climate change. For companies trying to achieve net zero with integrity however, the complexities of what to invest in and where are legion.

Nature based solutions are a critical tool in addressing nature loss and climate change - they are already being deployed at scale but much more is needed. In 2021 the World Economic Forum research estimated that they could provide around a third of the climate mitigation needed to achieve the Paris climate goals. That’s around 7 Gigatons of carbon removal, and at a lower cost than other forms of CO2 removal. A new study in Nature Climate Change explores what is really understood about the GHG mitigation potential of different approaches – specifically addressing the potential for nature-based climate solutions or NbCS.

What has proved challenging has been generating the funding needed to facilitate action at the scale needed, with part of the problem being an unmet demand for clear, transparent, rigorous science underpinning the tools and levers that different actors can trust to be part of the climate solution. This new research is about to change that, with an assessment of the efficacy of existing approaches – it provides the first peer-reviewed scientific assessment of over 40 of the nature-based climate solutions that have so far been implemented or proposed for use in the carbon markets.

Assessing the science understanding nature-based carbon removals

The study was developed by 27 authors from 11 institutions, including the Environmental Defense Fund, The Nature Conservancy and Columbia University, and explored what Doria Gordon, one of the lead authors and lead senior scientist at EDF, describes as “the many different nature-based climate solutions which have proliferated in the marketplace in recent years and the underlying scientific confidence we have in each of them.”

The research identifies the four nature-based climate solutions with the most robust scientific foundations. These turned out to be tropical forest conservation; temperate forest conservation; tropical forest reforestation; and temperate forest reforestation – these have the greatest certainty in carbon mitigation potential. In fact tropical and temperate forest conservation and restoration reached near consensus across the experts with respect to the scientific foundations regarding management and GHG accounting.

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The research also identified which approaches need urgent additional research before their role as a climate solution is understood. The study explicitly looked at the scientific basis of, and expert confidence in, solutions for climate benefit, not the implementation of individual projects, carbon crediting methodologies or co-benefits.

As Peter Ellis, global director of natural science at TNC and co-author says, “Science is about bringing intelligence to action. That is exactly what we do in this paper: review the best available information to determine which nature-based climate solutions are ready for primetime.”

Using the carbon markets to fund nature-based climate solutions

Carbon finance, the use of carbon credits to finance action and to enable countries and companies to move towards net zero, has played a significant role in developing nature-based solutions. The challenge for many in the private sector however is the scandals that have rocked the carbon markets . Companies have bought carbon credits in good faith, only to discover that the amount of carbon sequestered is not accurate, or that local communities have been taken advantage of, giving rise to significant reputational risk and making reaching net zero targets questionable.

Methodologies and mechanisms have been questioned, with research from Berkeley showing REDD+ credits to have been generated from ineffective projects with over-inflated credit issuance. Yet the research suggests that REDD+ approaches are well substantiated by the science, so it’s the clearly the implementation that needs to be improved.

Even with that being the case, few credit buyers have the resources to fully understand the technical details of various projects or even the knowledge to ask the right questions. Crucial doubts have remained around the verifiability, sustainability and permanence of the quality of the carbon credits e.g. do they represent real reductions or removals, including issues such as additionality; permanence; double-counting and, of course, social safeguards and impacts.

At the same time, the research shows that that 70% of nature-based carbon credits generated by the four major registries have come from the four solutions with the highest scientific confidence. This suggests that the majority of carbon market investment is going to solutions with strong scientific foundations. That suggests that capital is going to the right places - clearly what is necessary is to redefine how projects are implemented and rebuild trust in the markets.

Impact – and integrity - matters

What the research enables is the understanding of which programs to conserve, protect and restore forests – when implemented well - will result in real emissions reductions that benefit the climate, that can be accurately measured and accounted for. The study is focused on the scientific evidence base underpinning each intervention, not the mechanism used to monitor and measure – an important distinction.

The research also makes clear that there are many unknowns about a variety of nature-based solutions, from wetland protection to mangrove or seagrass restoration, and that without clear confidence in the science, purchases of related carbon credits could be ineffective or inefficient in terms of carbon sequestration. There may be strong co-benefits in terms of biodiversity, local communities etc but these need to be understood distinctly from carbon removals.

Around 90% of the approaches assessed don’t yet have a sufficiently robust scientific basis on how to measure or account for carbon removal or the extent to which they are likely to provide long term mitigation. That is not decrying the enormous numbers of other benefits, which can range from biodiversity, to habitat conservation, to water quality to livelihood provision. These are all immensely valuable, it's just that the quantification of their climate impacts is currently uncertain.

As Mark Moroge, vice president of natural climate solutions at EDF points out there are two clear takeaways for companies. The first is to be thoughtful and cautious about the types of credit being purchased. The second is that it’s vital to understand what’s been proven to be effective scientifically. He says: “First you will ensure that your credits are coming from areas and ecosystems of high scientific certainty and second, because there are still important implementation questions, you can look to guidance that helps solve for those kinds of questions and your purchase.” There is a growing body of guidance around how to ascertain the integrity of credits, and Moroge points to the Tropical Forest Credit Integrity (TFCI) Guide and the ART TREES standard as examples.

Moving nature-based climate solutions forward

Challenges remain around how NbCS credits will be used and accounted for but the research identifies the nature-based climate solutions in which we have sufficient scientific confidence that we can quantify and understand the climate benefit. It also identifies a research roadmap that needs to be rapidly addressed in order to scale up to the third of necessary mitigation potential that nature offers. That provides the basis for a rapid scaling up of effective action as a means of achieving emissions removals.

There are a growing number of guardrails and parameters around implementation that will help to address the accounting challenges for nature-based solutions. What this research identifies is where the most rapid and effective mitigation potential lies, and where the science robustly supports the effectiveness of climate action. With little or no time to lose, there is an urgent need for climate action but those actions have got to work, and be seen to be effective.

As Doria Gordon says: “The intent is to identify where people should have confidence now, and where we anticipate confidence to be growing as we move forward.” Trust the science, invest sensibly and pay attention to implementation - that’s what’s needed to develop a nature-based climate solutions market at scale.

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Guest Essay

Let’s Call Our Present Moment on Earth What It Is: Obscene

An illustration of an open door as trash tumbles into the room.

By Dominique Browning

Ms. Browning is a founder and the director of the environmental group Moms Clean Air Force and a vice president of the Environmental Defense Fund.

It is springtime, and I want to turn to thoughts of love.

In my case, love of this world, love of nature, love of our life in and as part of it. How I wish we all still loved that way.

New York City’s winter leaf cover has been blown away and stuffed into large, shiny, pristine black plastic bags. Left behind is the detritus of winter’s walkers. That would be the squashed plastic bottles, baggies full of dog poop, takeout containers (some with dinners that rats missed), dead balloons, lost neoprene gloves and abandoned plastic toys, pacifiers, baby bottles, combs, condoms. That’s just what I spotted in the first mile of a recent walk along Riverside Drive heading south from the 150s.

It was an unseasonably warm winter , a concept that could be rendered meaningless within a decade, as memories of snowfall fade. My spring walks are not exactly comforting. But I try to find the beauty with my stalwart walking pals. I am constantly spotting an exotic early bloom or a vivid unfurling of a new sort of plant, and, with exclamations of wonder and surprise, we surround my find, a new life form, perhaps. We soon realize we are gazing at the neon fronds of a partly melted hairbrush or the vivid color of the fraying ring of a soda bottle. A new form of lifelessness, maybe even an anti-life form.

As I was walking recently, I pondered, with a sense of weary bemusement, the recent decision by scientists, after nearly 15 years of debate, against declaring that we have entered a new epoch of geologic time in Earth’s 4.6 billion years, the era that many have long been calling the Anthropocene. Scientists could not yet agree that humans have irretrievably altered the geologic condition of the world enough to have earned ourselves an epoch of narcissism. Of course, by the time we have done so, we will be way past the point of drawing such lines in the rock. The reality then will be more self-evident than it is even today.

So for now, my advice: Forget the Anthropocene. We are in the Obscene Era.

Obscene as in offensive to moral principles. Repugnant, disgusting. Ill-omened or abominable, if etymology is your thing.

We have a plastic crisis , starting with the trash we see casually discarded in our streets, parks, streams and oceans. And yet the production of plastics continues to rise. For decades, the plastics industry sold the public on the material with the misleading message that it would be recycled. Very little is, with recovery and recycling rates at less than 10 percent globally. But the problem is far deeper, as a lengthy report in the journal Annals of Global Health said last year : “It is now clear that current patterns of plastic production, use and disposal are not sustainable and are responsible for significant harms to human health, the environment and the economy, as well as for deep societal injustices.”

And plastic is but one of the many environmental perils we face.

Last year was by far the planet’s warmest, coming close to reaching the 1.5 degrees Celsius rise since preindustrial days — the point that climate scientists have cautioned against exceeding. Global carbon emissions from fossil fuels also reached record highs last year. Methane leaks have been underreported for years. And yet, at an energy conference in Houston this past week, the head of the world’s largest oil producer told fossil fuel executives , “We should abandon the fantasy of phasing out oil and gas.” Applause followed.

Millions of people continue to be exposed to harmful chemicals in food and other consumer goods. Many of the chemicals in household products are detectable in our bloodstreams, and some have been linked to cancer, developmental disorders and reproductive and endocrine issues. Air pollution remains a major problem. While the United States has made great strides in improving air quality, airborne mercury and soot remain problems. Worldwide, air pollution is a global health crisis and is estimated to cause nearly 6.7 million premature deaths annually. And then there is deforestation, the acidification of the ocean, drought and the loss of biodiversity — not a complete list by any means.

At the same time, the clash between the two candidates for president could not be more defining. If the conservative Heritage Foundation’s 887-page “ Mandate for Leadership ” is any guide for what to expect from another Trump presidency — and that is exactly what it is intended to be, should Donald Trump win — we will watch as the Biden administration’s “climate fanaticism” undergoes a “whole of government unwinding.” That, too, will be part of the Obscene Era.

I sometimes wish I could be in denial. I wish I could take a walk and not see the ugly carelessness. But denial is a luxury; “better to light a candle than curse the darkness.” I’ve made a choice not to be paralyzed by despair. It is why I do the work I do, organizing mothers and caregivers to push our lawmakers and regulators to protect us.

The nation has made significant progress in the last few years, with historic investments in clean energy and clean transportation. President Biden’s administration is tackling the compounding and braided crises of climate degradation and pollution and toxic chemicals. It is foundational work, and we must continue it. The alternative is unspeakably obscene.

A springtime walk, soft breezes against the cheek, sunshine slanting in with warmth, shouldn’t be a time for cursing. And look! That enormous raven; you don’t see that often in New York City. But it turns out to be a tangled mess of black plastic bags riding a thermal updraft. Until we harness the will to end this era, until we see it for what it is, we will leave it etched into the very rocks of the ages, with, perhaps, not many around to read the message: We were here, but we did not make the choice to cherish all that was beautiful and beloved in our all-too-human era.

Dominique Browning is a founder and the director of the environmental group Moms Clean Air Force and a vice president of the Environmental Defense Fund.

The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips . And here’s our email: [email protected] .

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Oxide-Containing Mineral Fibers: Types, Manufacturing Methods, Applications, and Producers (Review)

Published: 03 June 2022
Volume 79 , pages 28–36, ( 2022 )

Cite this article

B. L. Krasnyi 1 ,
K. I. Ikonnikov 1 ,
D. O. Lemeshev 2 &
A. S. Sizova 1

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Mineral oxide fibers of various chemical compositions are reviewed: aluminosilicate, alumina, silica, biosoluble, fibers made from zirconium oxide, and others. Methods for manufacturing discrete and continuous fibers are given, such as spinning fibers from melts, sol-gel technology, spinning from solutions of metal salts, and others. The physicochemical characteristics of mineral fibers are described and their applications are indicated, such as thermal insulation up to 1150 or 1000°C and high temperature filtration for aluminosilicate and biosoluble fibers; thermal insulation up to 1600 or 2000°C, and reinforcement of composites used in the aerospace and defense industries for alumina fibers and fibers based on zirconium dioxide, and so on. Manufacturers of mineral oxide-containing fibers and products based on them in and outside of Russia are indicated.

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Commercial Glass Fibers

Preparation of Continuous Aluminum Oxide Fibers with Silicon Oxide and Zirconium Oxide Additives

N. M. Varrik, A. M. Zimichek, … O. N. Samorodova

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Russian Railways test-launches its first automated train in Moscow

A high-speed electric train, Lastochka, equipped with an unmanned driving system was tested at the experimental ring of the Research Institute of Railway Transport in Shcherbinka, Moscow, as part of the PRO//Motion.1520 event which took place on 28 August

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The test involved using communication technology between the train and the tracks, technical vision tests, train self-regulation, as well as driving in a remote-controlled mode, making this a “historic day for Russia’s railways,” as the chief executive director and chairman of the board of Russian Railways Oleg Belozyorov described it.

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Rossiiskie zheleznye dorogi.

“I can say that we are one year ahead of our foreign colleagues. Russian Railways seeks to introduce unmanned driving technology, primarily because it will provide an increased level of safety and reliability of transportation, especially for passengers,” added Belozyorov.

The technology equipped on the train allows to operate smoothly without human intervention, adhere to timetables, as well as slow down when the train detects any obstacle in the way.

While the train is unmanned, it will still be monitored and controlled by operators through a control centre. This enables an operator to transfer the train from automatic control to remote control in cases of emergency.

In the coming year, a series of tests are to be carried out to examine the technology in automatic mode under the control of drivers, but test trips with passengers are not planned at this stage.

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Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Maxim Akimov said that this is a “major technological breakthrough,” because it “was achieved by our engineers at our technical centres, at Russian Railways, together with a large number of different partners, which supplied the solution, while Russian Railways acted as the assembly centre. This is really a technological step forward into the future,” said Akimov.

Director for information technologies of Russian Railways Evgeny Charkin said that the company is ready for regular use of unmanned trains. However, the company is still working on sorting a number of issues, including ensuring safety and improving the regulatory framework.

Alongside the soft launch of the driverless train, a highlight of the international exhibit was the importance of capitalising artificial intelligence, machine learning and digitalisation not just when it comes to running trains but also for other tasks the rail sector entails.

According to Charkin, automation must also be used to do other administrative jobs such as planning for repairs and creating train and shipping schedules.

“About one billion people travel through our infrastructure every year. Our task is to understand who these people are and what we can offer them. Therefore, we are now building a system of analytics and targeted offers for our customers, including dynamic pricing mechanisms,” said Charkin.

Alongside automation, Russian Railways intend to prioritise cybersecurity, and to do so, it plans to start using quantum technology, Belozyorov said, labelling it another “breakthrough for rail”.

Quantum technology will reportedly make it easier to create secure systems to collect data on the state of infrastructure and transmission systems for control signals. However, Belozyorov noted that the technology is still in its initial stages and further research is required.

Belozyorov added that Russian Railways has prioritised digital transformation and is set to become “a leader in all areas”. The company has adopted the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development up to 2030, which will define the main goals for its innovative development. This includes the creation of transportation control systems based on artificial intelligence, an intelligent station, and heavy and high-speed projects among others.

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