mechanical engineering research paper example

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Mechanical engineering articles from across Nature Portfolio

Mechanical engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with moving machines and their components. A central principle of mechanical engineering is the control of energy: transferring it from one form to another to suit a specific demand. Car engines, for example, convert chemical energy into kinetic energy.

Latest Research and Reviews

Programming mechanics in knitted materials, stitch by stitch

Knitted fabrics are prized for their stretchability, breathability, and long-wearability in everyday life. This study combines experiments and simulations to present a micromechanical approach to understanding the origin of the anisotropic elasticity of four canonical patterns of knitted fabrics.

• Krishma Singal
• Michael S. Dimitriyev
• Elisabetta A. Matsumoto

Optimising the manufacturing of a β-Ti alloy produced via direct energy deposition using small dataset machine learning

• Ryan Brooke
• Mark Easton

Numerical simulation of shoegear-rail coupling vibration under different initial contact forces

• Peihuo Peng

A Dataset of Electrical Components for Mesh Segmentation and Computational Geometry Research

• Benedikt Scheffler
• Patrick Bründl
• Jörg Franke

Influence and compensation of connection characteristics on shaking table control performance

• Chunhua Gao
• Mingyang Wang

Simulation of interfacial debonding in hollow particle reinforced composites with VCFEM

News and Comment

Micro- and nanorobots for biofilm eradication

Micro- and nanorobots present a promising approach for navigating within the body and eliminating biofilm infections. Their motion can be remotely controlled by external fields and tracked by clinical imaging. They can mechanically disrupt the biofilm matrix and kill the dormant bacterial cells synergistically, thereby improving the effectiveness of biofilm eradication.

• Staffan Kjelleberg

Mechanism of plastic deformation in metal monochalcogenides

Metal monochalcogenides — a class of van der Waals layered semiconductors — can exhibit ultrahigh plasticity. Investigation of the deformation mechanism reveals that on mechanical loading, these materials undergo local phase transitions that, coupled with the concurrent generation of a microcrack network, give rise to the ultrahigh plasticity.

Adaptable navigation of magnetic microrobots

An article in Nature Machine Intelligence presents an adaptable method to control magnetic microrobots’ navigation using reinforcement learning.

• Charlotte Allard

Soft sensing and haptics for medical procedures

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) lacks sufficient haptic feedback to the surgeon due to the length and flexibility of surgical tools. This haptic disconnect is exacerbated in robotic-MIS, which utilizes tele-operation to control surgical tools. Tactile sensation in MIS and robotic-MIS can be restored in a safe and conformable manner through soft sensors and soft haptic feedback devices.

• Arincheyan Gerald
• Sheila Russo

Propelling the widespread adoption of large-scale 3D printing

3D printing can be used to automate the manufacturing of building elements for large-scale structures such as skyscrapers, aircraft, rockets and space bases without human intervention. However, challenges in materials, processes, printers and software control must first be overcome for large-scale 3D printing to be adopted for widespread applications.

• Wouter De Corte
• Viktor Mechtcherine

Exploration of truss metamaterials with graph based generative modeling

Optimisation tasks in the inverse design of metamaterials with machine learning were limited due to the representations of generative models. Here the author comments a recent publication in Nature Communications which generates a latent space representation that unlocks non-linear optimisations.

• Angkur Jyoti Dipanka Shaikeea

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Home > Engineering > MIE > ME_THESES

Mechanical Engineering Masters Theses Collection

Theses from 2023 2023.

Device Design for Inducing Aneurysm-Susceptible Flow Conditions Onto Endothelial Cells , hans f. foelsche, Mechanical Engineering

Thermal Conductivity and Mechanical Properties of Interlayer-Bonded Graphene Bilayers , Afnan Mostafa, Mechanical Engineering

Wind-Wave Misalignment Effects on Multiline Anchor Systems for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines , Doron T. Rose, Mechanical Engineering

Theses from 2022 2022

A Simplified Fluid Dynamics Model of Ultrafiltration , Christopher Cardimino, Mechanical Engineering

Local Nanomechanical Variations of Cold-sprayed Tantalum Coatings , Dhrubajyoti Chowdhury, Mechanical Engineering

Aerodynamically Augmented Air-Hockey Pucks , Madhukar Prasad, Mechanical Engineering

Analysis of Low-Induction Rotors for Increased Power Production , Jack E. Rees, Mechanical Engineering

Application of the New IEC International Design Standard for Offshore Wind Turbines to a Reference Site in the Massachusetts Offshore Wind Energy Area , Samuel C. Roach, Mechanical Engineering

Applications of Thermal Energy Storage with Electrified Heating and Cooling , Erich Ryan, Mechanical Engineering

Theses from 2021 2021

Design and Testing of a Foundation Raised Oscillating Surge Wave Energy Converter , Jacob R. Davis, Mechanical Engineering

Wind Turbine Power Production Estimation for Better Financial Agreements , Shanon Fan, Mechanical Engineering

Finite Element Analysis of Impact and Cohesion of Cold Sprayed Particles onto Non-Planar Surfaces , Zhongkui Liu, Mechanical Engineering

Mechanical Design and Analysis: High-Precision Microcontact Printhead for Roll-to-Roll Printing of Flexible Electronics , Mehdi Riza, Mechanical Engineering

Jet Breakup Dynamics of Inkjet Printing Fluids , Kashyap Sundara Rajan, Mechanical Engineering

Ground Source Heat Pumps: Considerations for Large Facilities in Massachusetts , Eric Wagner, Mechanical Engineering

Theses from 2020 2020

Modeling of Electrical Grid Systems to Evaluate Sustainable Electricity Generation in Pakistan , Muhammad Mustafa Amjad, Mechanical Engineering

A Study on Latent Thermal Energy Storage (LTES) using Phase Change Materials (PCMs) 2020 , Ritvij Dixit, Mechanical Engineering

SunDown: Model-driven Per-Panel Solar Anomaly Detection for Residential Arrays , Menghong Feng, Mechanical Engineering

Nozzle Clogging Prevention and Analysis in Cold Spray , Alden Foelsche, Mechanical Engineering

Short Term Energy Forecasting for a Microgird Load using LSTM RNN , Akhil Soman, Mechanical Engineering

Optimization of Thermal Energy Storage Sizing Using Thermodynamic Analysis , Andrew Villanueva, Mechanical Engineering

Fabrication of Binder-Free Electrodes Based on Graphene Oxide with CNT for Decrease of Resistance , Di Zhang, Mechanical Engineering

Theses from 2019 2019

Computational Fluid Dynamics Models of Electromagnetic Levitation Experiments in Reduced Gravity , Gwendolyn Bracker, Mechanical Engineering

Forecasting the Cost of Electricity Generated by Offshore Wind Turbines , Timothy Costa, Mechanical Engineering

Optical-Fiber-Based Laser-Induced Cavitation for Dynamic Mechanical Characterization of Soft Materials , Qian Feng, Mechanical Engineering

On the Fuel Spray Applications of Multi-Phase Eulerian CFD Techniques , Gabriel Lev Jacobsohn, Mechanical Engineering

Topology Network Optimization of Facility Planning and Design Problems , Ravi Ratan Raj Monga, Mechanical Engineering

The Promise of VR Headsets: Validation of a Virtual Reality Headset-Based Driving Simulator for Measuring Drivers’ Hazard Anticipation Performance , Ganesh Pai Mangalore, Mechanical Engineering

Ammonia Production from a Non-Grid Connected Floating Offshore Wind-Farm: A System-Level Techno-Economic Review , Vismay V. Parmar, Mechanical Engineering

Calculation of Scalar Isosurface Area and Applications , Kedar Prashant Shete, Mechanical Engineering

Theses from 2018 2018

Electroplating of Copper on Tungsten Powder , Richard Berdos, Mechanical Engineering

A NUMERICAL FLUTTER PREDICTOR FOR 3D AIRFOILS USING THE ONERA DYNAMIC STALL MODEL , Pieter Boersma, Mechanical Engineering

Streamwise Flow-Induced Oscillations of Bluff Bodies - The Influence of Symmetry Breaking , Tyler Gurian, Mechanical Engineering

Thermal Radiation Measurement and Development of Tunable Plasmonic Thermal Emitter Using Strain-induced Buckling in Metallic Layers , Amir Kazemi-Moridani, Mechanical Engineering

Restructuring Controllers to Accommodate Plant Nonlinearities , Kushal Sahare, Mechanical Engineering

Application and Evaluation of Lighthouse Technology for Precision Motion Capture , Soumitra Sitole, Mechanical Engineering

High Strain Rate Dynamic Response of Aluminum 6061 Micro Particles at Elevated Temperatures and Varying Oxide Thicknesses of Substrate Surface , Carmine Taglienti, Mechanical Engineering

The Effects of Mechanical Loading and Tumor Factors on Osteocyte Dendrite Formation , Wenbo Wang, Mechanical Engineering

Microenvironment Regulates Fusion of Breast Cancer Cells , Peiran Zhu, Mechanical Engineering

Design for Sustainability through a Life Cycle Assessment Conceptual Framework Integrated within Product Lifecycle Management , Renpeng Zou, Mechanical Engineering

Theses from 2017 2017

Improving the Efficiency of Wind Farm Turbines using External Airfoils , Shujaut Bader, Mechanical Engineering

Evaluation Of Impedance Control On A Powered Hip Exoskeleton , Punith condoor, Mechanical Engineering

Experimental Study on Viscoelastic Fluid-Structure Interactions , Anita Anup Dey, Mechanical Engineering

BMI, Tumor Lesion and Probability of Femur Fracture: a Probabilistic Biomechanics Approach , Zhi Gao, Mechanical Engineering

A Magnetic Resonance Compatible Knee Extension Ergometer , Youssef Jaber, Mechanical Engineering

Non-Equispaced Fast Fourier Transforms in Turbulence Simulation , Aditya M. Kulkarni, Mechanical Engineering

INCORPORATING SEASONAL WIND RESOURCE AND ELECTRICITY PRICE DATA INTO WIND FARM MICROSITING , Timothy A. Pfeiffer, Mechanical Engineering

Effects of Malformed or Absent Valves to Lymphatic Fluid Transport and Lymphedema in Vivo in Mice , Akshay S. Pujari, Mechanical Engineering

Electroless Deposition & Electroplating of Nickel on Chromium-Nickel Carbide Powder , Jeffrey Rigali, Mechanical Engineering

Numerical Simulation of Multi-Phase Core-Shell Molten Metal Drop Oscillations , Kaushal Sumaria, Mechanical Engineering

Theses from 2016 2016

Cold Gas Dynamic Spray – Characterization of Polymeric Deposition , Trenton Bush, Mechanical Engineering

Intent Recognition Of Rotation Versus Translation Movements In Human-Robot Collaborative Manipulation Tasks , Vinh Q. Nguyen, Mechanical Engineering

A Soft Multiple-Degree of Freedom Load Cell Based on The Hall Effect , Qiandong Nie, Mechanical Engineering

A Haptic Surface Robot Interface for Large-Format Touchscreen Displays , Mark Price, Mechanical Engineering

Numerical Simulation of High Velocity Impact of a Single Polymer Particle during Cold Spray Deposition , Sagar P. Shah, Mechanical Engineering

Tunable Plasmonic Thermal Emitter Using Metal-Coated Elastomeric Structures , Robert Zando, Mechanical Engineering

Theses from 2015 2015

Thermodynamic Analysis of the Application of Thermal Energy Storage to a Combined Heat and Power Plant , Benjamin McDaniel, Mechanical Engineering

Towards a Semantic Knowledge Management Framework for Laminated Composites , Vivek Premkumar, Mechanical Engineering

A CONTINOUS ROTARY ACTUATION MECHANISM FOR A POWERED HIP EXOSKELETON , Matthew C. Ryder, Mechanical Engineering

Optimal Topological Arrangement of Queues in Closed Finite Queueing Networks , Lening Wang, Mechanical Engineering

Creating a New Model to Predict Cooling Tower Performance and Determining Energy Saving Opportunities through Economizer Operation , Pranav Yedatore Venkatesh, Mechanical Engineering

Theses from 2014 2014

New Generator Control Algorithms for Smart-Bladed Wind Turbines to Improve Power Capture in Below Rated Conditions , Bryce B. Aquino, Mechanical Engineering

UBOT-7: THE DESIGN OF A COMPLIANT DEXTEROUS MOBILE MANIPULATOR , Jonathan Cummings, Mechanical Engineering

Design and Control of a Two-Wheeled Robotic Walker , Airton R. da Silva Jr., Mechanical Engineering

Free Wake Potential Flow Vortex Wind Turbine Modeling: Advances in Parallel Processing and Integration of Ground Effects , Nathaniel B. Develder, Mechanical Engineering

Buckling of Particle-Laden Interfaces , Theo Dias Kassuga, Mechanical Engineering

Modeling Dynamic Stall for a Free Vortex Wake Model of a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine , Evan M. Gaertner, Mechanical Engineering

An Experimental Study of the C-Start of a Mechanical Fish , Benjamin Kandaswamy Chinna Thambi, Mechanical Engineering

Measurement and Verification - Retro-Commissioning of a LEED Gold Rated Building Through Means of an Energy Model: Are Aggressive Energy Simulation Models Reliable? , Justin M. Marmaras, Mechanical Engineering

Development of a Support Structure for Multi-Rotor Wind Turbines , Gaurav Murlidhar Mate, Mechanical Engineering

Towards Accessible, Usable Knowledge Frameworks in Engineering , Jeffrey Mcpherson, Mechanical Engineering

A Consistent Algorithm for Implementing the Space Conservation Law , Venkata Pavan Pillalamarri Narasimha Rao, Mechanical Engineering

Kinetics of Aluminization and Homogenization in Wrought H-X750 Nickel-Base Superalloy , Sean Reilly, Mechanical Engineering

Single-Phase Turbulent Enthalpy Transport , Bradley J. Shields, Mechanical Engineering

CFD Simulation of the Flow around NREL Phase VI Wind Turbine , Yang Song, Mechanical Engineering

Selection of Outputs for Distributed Parameter Systems by Identifiability Analysis in the Time-scale Domain , Teergele, Mechanical Engineering

The Optimization of Offshore Wind Turbine Towers Using Passive Tuned Mass Dampers , Onur Can Yilmaz, Mechanical Engineering

Design of a Passive Exoskeleton Spine , Haohan Zhang, Mechanical Engineering

TURBULENT TRANSITION IN ELECTROMAGNETICALLY LEVITATED LIQUID METAL DROPLETS , Jie Zhao, Mechanical Engineering

Theses from 2013 2013

Optimization of Mixing in a Simulated Biomass Bed Reactor with a Center Feeding Tube , Michael T. Blatnik, Mechanical Engineering

Continued Development of a Chilled Water System Analysis Tool for Energy Conservation Measures Evaluation , Ghanshyam Gaudani, Mechanical Engineering

Application of Finite Element Method in Protein Normal Mode Analysis , Chiung-fang Hsu, Mechanical Engineering

Asymmetric Blade Spar for Passive Aerodynamic Load Control , Charles Mcclelland, Mechanical Engineering

Background and Available Potential Energy in Numerical Simulations of a Boussinesq Fluid , Shreyas S. Panse, Mechanical Engineering

Techno-Economic Analysis of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Systems Used as an Electricity Storage Technology in a Wind Farm with Large Amounts of Intermittent Energy , Yash Sanghai, Mechanical Engineering

Multi Rotor Wind Turbine Design And Cost Scaling , Preeti Verma, Mechanical Engineering

Activity Intent Recognition of the Torso Based on Surface Electromyography and Inertial Measurement Units , Zhe Zhang, Mechanical Engineering

Theses from 2012 2012

Simulations of Non-Contact Creep in Regimes of Mixed Dominance , Maija Benitz, Mechanical Engineering

Techniques for Industrial Implementation of Emerging Semantic Technologies , Jay T. Breindel, Mechanical Engineering

Environmental Impacts Due to Fixed and Floating Offshore Wind Turbines , Micah K. Brewer, Mechanical Engineering

Physical Model of the Feeding Strike of the Mantis Shrimp , Suzanne M. Cox, Mechanical Engineering

Investigating the Relationship Between Material Property Axes and Strain Orientations in Cebus Apella Crania , Christine M. Dzialo, Mechanical Engineering

A Multi-Level Hierarchical Finite Element Model for Capillary Failure in Soft Tissue , Lu Huang, Mechanical Engineering

Finite Element Analysis of a Femur to Deconstruct the Design Paradox of Bone Curvature , Sameer Jade, Mechanical Engineering

Vortex-Induced Vibrations of an Inclined Cylinder in Flow , Anil B. Jain, Mechanical Engineering

Experimental Study of Stability Limits for Slender Wind Turbine Blades , Shruti Ladge, Mechanical Engineering

Semi-Active Damping for an Intelligent Adaptive Ankle Prosthesis , Andrew K. Lapre, Mechanical Engineering

A Finite Volume Approach For Cure Kinetics Simulation , Wei Ma, Mechanical Engineering

Effect of Slip on Flow Past Superhydrophobic Cylinders , Pranesh Muralidhar, Mechanical Engineering

High Speed Flow Simulation in Fuel Injector Nozzles , Sukanta Rakshit, Mechanical Engineering

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Digital Commons @ USF > College of Engineering > Mechanical Engineering > Theses and Dissertations

Mechanical Engineering Theses and Dissertations

Theses/dissertations from 2023 2023.

Metachronal Locomotion: Swimming, Scaling, and Schooling , Kuvvat Garayev

A Human-in-the-Loop Robot Grasping System with Grasp Quality Refinement , Tian Tan

Theses/Dissertations from 2022 2022

Health Effects of Oil Spills and Dispersal of Oil Droplets and Zooplankton by Langmuir Cells , Sanjib Gurung

Estimating the As-Placed Grout Volume of Auger Cast Piles , Tristen Mee

Hybrid RANS-LES Hemolytic Power Law Modeling of the FDA Blood Pump , Joseph Tarriela

Theses/Dissertations from 2021 2021

Dynamic Loading Directed Neural Stem Cell Differentiation , Abdullah Revaha Akdemir

An Investigation of Cross-links on Crystallization and Degradation in a Novel, PhotoCross-linkable Poly (Lactic Acid) System , Nicholas Baksh

A Framework to Aid Decision Making for Smart Manufacturing Technologies in Small-and Medium-Sized Enterprises , Purvee Bhatia

Formation of Gas Jets and Vortex Rings from Bursting Bubbles: Visualization, Kinematics, and Fluid Dynamics , Ali A. Dasouqi

Development of Carbon and Silicon Carbide Based Microelectrode Implantable Neural Interfaces , Chenyin Feng

Sulfate Optimization in the Cement-Slag Blended System Based on Calorimetry and Strength Studies , Mustafa Fincan

Interrelation of Thermal Stimulation with Haptic Perception, Emotion, and Memory , Mehdi Hojatmadani

Modeling the Ambient Conditions of a Manufacturing Environment Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) , Yang Liu

Flow Visualization and Aerosol Characterization of Respiratory Jets Exhaled from a Mannequin Simulator , Sindhu Reddy Mutra

A Constitutive-Based Deep Learning Model for the Identification of Active Contraction Parameters of the Left Ventricular Myocardium , Igor Augusto Paschoalotte Nobrega

Sensible/Latent Hybrid Thermal Energy Storage for the Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle , Kelly Osterman

Evaluating the Performance of Devices Engineering to Quantify the FARS Test , Harsh Patel

Event-Triggered Control Architectures for Scheduling Information Exchange in Uncertain and Multiagent Systems , Stefan Ristevski

Theses/Dissertations from 2020 2020

Experimental Investigation of Liquid Height Estimation and Simulation Verification of Bolt Tension Quantification Using Surface Acoustic Waves , Hani Alhazmi

Investigation of Navigation Systems for Size, Cost, and Mass Constrained Satellites , Omar Awad

Simulation and Verification of Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage , Marwan Mosubah Belaed

Control of a Human Arm Robotic Unit Using Augmented Reality and Optimized Kinematics , Carlo Canezo

Manipulation and Patterning of Mammalian Cells Using Vibrations and Acoustic Forces , Joel Cooper

Stable Adaptive Control Systems in the Presence of Unmodeled and Actuator Dynamics , Kadriye Merve Dogan

The Design and Development of a Wrist-Hand Orthosis , Amber Gatto

ROBOAT - Rescue Operations Bot Operating in All Terrains , Akshay Gulhane

Mitigation of Electromigration in Metal Interconnects Passivated by Ångstrom-Thin 2D Materials , Yunjo Jeong

Swimming of Pelagic Snails: Kinematics and Fluid Dynamics , Ferhat Karakas

Functional Gait Asymmetries Achieved Through Modeling and Understanding the Interaction of Multiple Gait Modulations , Fatemeh Rasouli

Distributed Control of Multiagent Systems under Heterogeneity , Selahattin Burak Sarsilmaz

Design and Implementation of Intuitive Human-robot Teleoperation Interfaces , Lei Wu

Laser Micropatterning Effects on Corrosion Resistance of Pure Magnesium Surfaces , Yahya Efe Yayoglu

Theses/Dissertations from 2019 2019

Synthesis and Characterization of Molybdenum Disulfide/Conducting Polymer Nanocomposite Materials for Supercapacitor Applications , Turki S. Alamro

Design of Shape-Morphing Structures Consisting of Bistable Compliant Mechanisms , Rami Alfattani

Low Temperature Multi Effects Desalination-Mechanical Vapor Compression Powered by Supercritical Organic Rankine Cycle , Eydhah Almatrafi

Experimental Results of a Model Reference Adaptive Control Approach on an Interconnected Uncertain Dynamical System , Kemberly Cespedes

Modeling of Buildings with Electrochromic Windows and Thermochromic Roofs , Hua-Ting Kao

Design and Testing of Experimental Langmuir Turbulence Facilities , Zongze Li

Solar Thermal Geothermal Hybrid System With a Bottoming Supercritical Organic Rankine Cycle , Francesca Moloney

Design and Testing of a Reciprocating Wind Harvester , Ahmet Topcuoglu

Distributed Spatiotemporal Control and Dynamic Information Fusion for Multiagent Systems , Dzung Minh Duc Tran

Controlled Wetting Using Ultrasonic Vibration , Matthew A. Trapuzzano

On Distributed Control of Multiagent Systems under Adverse Conditions , Emre Yildirim

Theses/Dissertations from 2018 2018

Synthesis and Characterization of Alpha-Hematite Nanomaterials for Water-Splitting Applications , Hussein Alrobei

Control of Uncertain Dynamical Systems with Spatial and Temporal Constraints , Ehsan Arabi

Simulation and Optimization of a Sheathless Size-Based Acoustic Particle Separator , Shivaraman Asoda

Simulation of Radiation Flux from Thermal Fluid in Origami Tubes , Robert R. Bebeau

Toward Verifiable Adaptive Control Systems: High-Performance and Robust Architectures , Benjamin Charles Gruenwald

Developing Motion Platform Dynamics for Studying Biomechanical Responses During Exercise for Human Spaceflight Applications , Kaitlin Lostroscio

Design and Testing of a Linear Compliant Mechanism with Adjustable Force Output , William Niemeier

Investigation of Thermal History in Large Area Projection Sintering, an Additive Manufacturing Technology , Justin Nussbaum

Acoustic Source Localization with a VTOL sUAV Deployable Module , Kory Olney

Defect Detection in Additive Manufacturing Utilizing Long Pulse Thermography , James Pierce

Design and Testing of a Passive Prosthetic Ankle Foot Optimized to Mimic an Able-Bodied Gait , Millicent Schlafly

Simulation of Turbulent Air Jet Impingement for Commercial Cooking Applications , Shantanu S. Shevade

Materials and Methods to Fabricate Porous Structures Using Additive Manufacturing Techniques , Mohsen Ziaee

Theses/Dissertations from 2017 2017

Large Area Sintering Test Platform Design and Preliminary Study on Cross Sectional Resolution , Christopher J. Gardiner

Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Remediation of Organics in Water Using Zinc Oxide and Titanium Oxide Nanostructures , Srikanth Gunti

Heat Flux Modeling of Asymmetrically Heated and Cooled Thermal Stimuli , Matthew Hardy

Simulation of Hemiparetic Function Using a Knee Orthosis with Variable Impedance and a Proprioception Interference Apparatus , Christina-Anne Kathleen Lahiff

Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Molybdenum Oxide Nanomaterials , Michael S. McCrory

Effects of Microstructure and Alloy Concentration on the Corrosion and Tribocorrosion Resistance of Al-Mn and WE43 Mg Alloys , Hesham Y. Saleh Mraied

Novel Transducer Calibration and Simulation Verification of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Channels on Acoustic Microfluidic Devices , Scott T. Padilla

Force Compensation and Recreation Accuracy in Humans , Benjamin Rigsby

Experimental Evaluation of Cooling Effectiveness and Water Conservation in a Poultry House Using Flow Blurring ® Atomizers , Rafael M. Rodriguez

Media Velocity Considerations in Pleated Air Filtration , Frederik Carl Schousboe

Orthoplanar Spring Based Compliant Force/Torque Sensor for Robot Force Control , Jerry West

Experimental Study of High-Temperature Range Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage , Chatura Wickramaratne

Theses/Dissertations from 2016 2016

Al/Ti Nanostructured Multilayers: from Mechanical, Tribological, to Corrosion Properties , Sina Izadi

Molybdenum Disulfide-Conducting Polymer Composite Structures for Electrochemical Biosensor Applications , Hongxiang Jia

Waterproofing Shape-Changing Mechanisms Using Origami Engineering; Also a Mechanical Property Evaluation Approach for Rapid Prototyping , Andrew Jason Katz

Hydrogen Effects on X80 Steel Mechanical Properties Measured by Tensile and Impact Testing , Xuan Li

Application and Analysis of Asymmetrical Hot and Cold Stimuli , Ahmad Manasrah

Droplet-based Mechanical Actuator Utilizing Electrowetting Effect , Qi Ni

Experimental and Computational Study on Fracture Mechanics of Multilayered Structures , Hai Thanh Tran

Designing the Haptic Interface for Morse Code , Michael Walker

Optimization and Characterization of Integrated Microfluidic Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors and Transducers , Tao Wang

Corrosion Characteristics of Magnesium under Varying Surface Roughness Conditions , Yahya Efe Yayoglu

Theses/Dissertations from 2015 2015

Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Emissions, Human Energy, and Cultural Perceptions Associated with Traditional and Improved Methods of Shea Butter Processing in Ghana, West Africa , Emily Adams

Experimental Investigation of Encapsulated Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage , Tanvir E. Alam

Design Of Shape Morphing Structures Using Bistable Elements , Ahmad Alqasimi

Heat Transfer Analysis of Slot Jet Impingement onto Roughened Surfaces , Rashid Ali Alshatti

Systems Approach to Producing Electrospun Polyvinylidene Difluoride Fiber Webs with Controlled Fiber Structure and Functionality , Brian D. Bell

Self-Assembly Kinetics of Microscale Components: A Parametric Evaluation , Jose Miguel Carballo

Measuring Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Mechanical Properties Using Flat Punch Nanoindentation Focusing on Obtaining Full Contact , Federico De Paoli

A Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Flow Induced Noise In Hydraulic Counterbalance Valves , Mutasim Mohamed Elsheikh

An Experimental Study on Passive Dynamic Walking , Philip Andrew Hatzitheodorou

Use of Anaerobic Adhesive for Prevailing Torque Locking Feature on Threaded Product , Alan Hernandez

Viability of Bismuth as a Green Substitute for Lead in Jacketed .357 Magnum Revolver Bullets , Joel A. Jenkins

A Planar Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model for Cantilevers Experiencing Combined Endpoint Forces and Uniformly Distributed Loads Acting in Parallel , Philip James Logan

Kinematic Control of Redundant Mobile Manipulators , Mustafa Mashali

Passive Symmetry in Dynamic Systems and Walking , Haris Muratagic

Mechanical Properties of Laser-Sintered-Nylon Diamond Lattices , Clayton Neff

Design, Fabrication and Analysis of a Paver Machine Push Bar Mechanism , Mahendra Palnati

Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Properties of Polyaniline Thin Films , Soukaina Rami

A Technical and Economic Comparative Analysis of Sensible and Latent Heat Packed Bed Storage Systems for Concentrating Solar Thermal Power Plants , Jamie Trahan

Use of FDM Components for Ion Beam and Vacuum Applications , Eric Miguel Tridas

The Development of an Adaptive Driving Simulator , Sarah Marie Tudor

Dual 7-Degree-of-Freedom Robotic Arm Remote Teleoperation Using Haptic Devices , Yu-Cheng Wang

Ductility and Use of Titanium Alloy and Stainless Steel Aerospace Fasteners , Jarrod Talbott Whittaker

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Design Research Samples

Students: Louisa A. Avellar (UCB), Mircea Badescu, Stewart Sherrit, Yoseph Bar-Cohen, and Wayne Zimmerman of Caltech Research Project Title: Pneumatic Sample Acquisition and Transfer System Location: NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California

Abstract: http://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/3-ntb/tech-briefs/mechanics-and-machinery/19562-pneumatic-sample-acquisition-and-transfer-system

Student:Antonia Bronars Professor/Sponsor: Professor Alice Agogino Mentor:Alan Zhang Research Project Title:Actuating a Spherical Tensegrity Robot using Momentum Wheels

Abstract: This paper presents theoretical and initial hardware exploration of spherical tensegrity robots actuated using momentum wheels. A tensegrity structure consists of rods suspended in a network of cables. It is inherently compliant and resistant to failure because of its ability to distribute external force through its tension network. This mechanical property provides shock from impact, making the tensegrity a promising candidate for space exploration. The Berkeley Emergent Space Tensegrities lab currently actuates the tensile network using motors, causing the robot to deform, shifting the center of mass, and making the robot roll. The. current actuation scheme necessitates a tradeoff in determining the stiffness of the springs enforcing the tensile network: high spring constant ensures a safe drop, while low spring constant allows for lower actuating torques and consequently smaller, lighter motors. This paper proposes using momentum wheels to actuate the tensegrity, thereby decoupling the stiffness of the tensile network and the actuation scheme of the robot.

Student:   Tim K. Chan Professor/Sponsor:  Professor Alice Agogino Mentor:  Euiyoung Kim Research Project Title:   Prototyping of Wearable Notification and Tracking Device with Bluetooth Connectivity

Abstract:  We introduce the use of a wearable device for notification under distracting environment, for instance, in a rave or a conference. During the research, we came up with two models – centralized and ad-hoc. In the centralized model, the wearable device is aimed at finding people who present in the same event/venue whilst the ad-hoc model, we targeted one-to-one location tracking without the use of pre-existing network. Centralized model will be used during a populated event like a rave where it’s virtually unable for people to hear their phone ring of vibrate. Ad-hoc model will be used in situations like parents keeping track on their kids in an amusement park.

Student:   Serena Chang Professor/Sponsor:  Professor Alice Agogino Mentor:   Euiyoung Kim Research Project Title:   Activity Comparisons Over Digital Artifact By Their Physical And Emotional Distance: User’s Attention Level Upon Primary and Secondary Digital Artifacts

Abstract: Although a majority of the Internet of Things devices have been introduced in the market places, the adoption rate of these new devices hasn’t been quite inspiring due the lack of motivation that enables users to stick with them around over a long-term time frame. Many introduced IoT devices have short life cycles and people simply go back to their traditional devices as primary interaction. Based on our research, the laptop and the smartphone are the most dominant devices regardless of the introduction of the new IoT devices. Thus, this research focuses on the usages of these two devices to explore users different attention levels upon primary and secondary digital artifacts and to compare their physical and emotional distances.

A prototyping segment of this research further explores the concept of emotional distance between users and devices in physical spaces. Indicator spectrums allow users to visually indicate their emotional state to other co-located individuals with whom they are not directly interacting, at the opposite corner of a coffee shop, for instance.   Once the indicators are digitized and connected, the “mood” of a particular physical space can be assessed by IoT developers.

Student: Stephanie Chang Professor/Sponsor: Professor Alice Agogino Mentor: Euiyoung Kim Research Project Title: Establishing User Spaces in Medical Exoskeleton

Abstract: As exoskeleton technology matures and becomes increasingly commercialized, the user spectrum of such technologies need to be identified and studied. This project examines exoskeleton technology from a human centric standpoint, establishing a comprehensive range of users for such products. In order to establish context to create a spectrum of exoskeleton users, literature was collected and reviewed to discover what exoskeleton researchers identify as their target users. The functionality of different types of exoskeletons are also identified and categorized and then matched up to potential user needs from different personas. From the literature review, different categorical spectrums are established to represent the range of users who would make use of exoskeleton technologies. Examples of spectrums include age, physical age, familiarity with advance technology, etc. In addition, further research into socially sustainable assistive technologies are identified and matched up to corresponding user personas and needs.

Student:  Galen   Elias Professor/Sponsor: Professor Reza Alam Research Project Title: Load Shedding Trends of Submerged Rigid Bodies Subject to Monochromatic Water Waves Research Areas:  Design, Fluids, Ocean Engineering

Abstract: Wave Energy Converters are devices which convert the renewable energy in ocean waves to electricity. A submerged pressure differential WEC uses a rigid absorber to split a wave’s orbital, creating a pressure gradient which drives a generator. One of the engineering challenges of WECs is to make the device robust enough to handle extreme ocean conditions, during which waves can carry upwards of 30 times more power than usual. 1  As such, we looked into ways to reduce the load the device would experience under extreme conditions. Due to the high buoyancy of the device and the high-energy cost of increasing its depth, we focused mainly on the effect of changing the device’s shape. In particular, we analyzed trends in front-to-back hole placement and trends in wall thickness between holes within a constant footprint.

Student:   Grant   Emmendorfer Professor/Sponsor:  Professor Alice Agogino Mentor:  Alan Zhang Research Project Title:  Intuitive Controller Designs for Tensegrity Robots Abstract

Student:   Jordan   Francis Professor/Sponsor:  Professor Dennis Lieu Research Project Title:  Design and Construction of a High Capacity Battery Pack for Flywheel-Hybrid Vehicles Abstract

Student:   Hunter   Garnier Professor/Sponsor:  Professor Alice Agogino Mentor:  Drew Sabelhaus Research Project Title:  Force Sensors for a Quadruped Robot

Abstract: Sensors measuring the ground reaction forces applied to a quadruped’s throughout different movements can be advantageous for any robot involved in movement. Feedback from force sensors allows for more accurate control of a robot and is integral for balance. This research report describes the process of implementing force sensors into the legs of the ULTRA Spine quadruped in order to measure the axial force of each leg during movements such as bending and torsion. Previously, the two main motions of the spine—torsion and bending—were seen qualitatively but not expressed quantitatively. Thus, data collected from performing experiments with these force sensors will be compared to the NTRT model of these movements. Although several force sensing options were explored such as load cells, strain gages and expensive optical sensors, Flex Sensors were selected because of their availability, ease of installation, and potential to eliminate confounding variables.

In addition to selecting appropriate force sensors for this application, a new hip and leg design was developed to house these force sensors. Since the previous prototype lacked storage space for electronic components, a new hip was designed and 3D printed which includes a hollow center that allows room for electronic components to be stored there. Additionally, since the previous leg attachment method was ineffective and required constant maintenance, higher-fidelity legs were waterjet cut and attached more efficiently. Different flexible materials to mount the Flex Sensors to were explored such as brass shim and spring steel. However, the spring steel was found to be more effective because, after bending, it returned to its original shape—am important aspect for repeatability of experiments.

To continually improve the ULTRA Spin toward a higher-fidelity prototype, several rapid-prototyped hardware components were replaced by machined parts. Furthermore, a new attachment method for actuating the robot was explored which would replace attaching the actuating strings directly to endcaps via springs. Instead, each string would be clamped directly onto the rubber lattice. Although this method is still being prototyped, exploration of it will be continued in the future.

Student:  Hunter   Garnier Professor/Sponsor: Professor Alice Agogino Mentor: Drew Sabelhaus Research Project Title: ULTRA Spine

Abstract: Due to its complexity, the ULTRA Spine Quadruped robot assembly process is extremely time consuming and tedious, making it difficult to rapid-prototype new designs. This research report describes the process of designing an elastic lattice that would replace the cables and springs that traditionally tensioned the robot. In order to create the final design, several concepts were explored, a tension test was completed on silicon rubber to find its elastic modulus, and various lattice shapes were assessed. The final design decreased the assembly time of the ULTRA Spine from three hours to approximately 7 minutes, improved the symmetry and vertebrae alignment of the robot, and will reduce the design, manufacturing and assembly process of future spine prototypes.

Additionally, a test setup to measure ground forces on the prototype’s feet is described in this report. Previously, the two main motions of the spine—torsion and bending—were seen qualitatively but not expressed quantitatively. By placing a load cell under each foot of the quadruped prototype, the forces under each could be measured while the spine underwent torsion or bending. However, this test setup was unsuccessful and did not produce convincing data.

Future plans for this project include designing a higher quality test setup to measure ground reaction forces as well as a higher fidelity spine prototype.

Student: Jimmy Huang Professor/Sponsor: Professor Dennis Lieu Sub Area: Biomechanical Engineering Research Project Title: Novel Silicone-Compatible Pressure Transducer Tips and Calibration Device for Simulation Torso Design

Abstract: This paper details the progress made during the Spring semester of 2015 in Professor Dennis Lieu’s Ballistics Impact Lab, and is a continuation of “Silicone Curing Behavior and Updated Method of Simulation Torso Construction” from Fall 2014.

Less-lethal projectiles such as rubber and wooden bullets are commonly used by law enforcement for the purpose of incapacitating targets with minimum injury. However, these non-penetrating injuries can still cause severe internal damage and even death. With understandable concern, investigation by Professor Dennis K. Lieu and his Ballistics Impact Lab researchers has been underway since 2003. Originally intended to model the response of the human torso utilizing silicone, the scope of this project has extended to include the design of safer less-lethal projectiles.

Recently, the group has been experiencing difficulties producing a homogeneous and consistent silicone simulation torso with embedded pressure transducer. One main focus of this paper is the design and manufacturing of several new, oil-tight pressure transducer tips. This includes our continued exploration of silicone-compatible materials as well as a new sensor housing design. Another area of focus is the design and manufacturing of a calibration device for new pressure transducers before they are embedded into a silicone torso. This information will hopefully be useful for new Ballistics Impact Lab researchers and for those in similar laboratories or using the same silicone material.

Student:   J immy Huang Professor/Sponsor:   P rofessor Dennis Lieu Research Project Title:   The Effect of Varying Transducer Tip Thicknesses on Peak Internal Pressures Subarea:  B iomechanical Engineering

Abstract: This paper details the progress made during the Fall semester of 2015 in Professor Dennis Lieu’s Ballistics Impact Lab, and is a continuation of  “Novel Silicone-Compatible Pressure Transducer Tips for Simulation Torso Design” from Spring 2015.

Less-lethal projectiles such as rubber and wooden bullets are commonly used by law enforcement for the purpose of incapacitating targets with minimum injury. However, these non- penetrating injuries can still cause severe internal damage and death. With understandable concern, investigation by Professor Dennis K. Lieu and his Ballistics Lab researchers has been underway since 2003. Originally intended to model the response of the human torso utilizing silicone, the scope of this project has extended to include the design of safer less-lethal projectiles.

Most recently, the group has been focusing its efforts towards improving the design and manufacturing method for the model torso with an embedded pressure transducer. This semester, our team set out to understand the effect of varying transducer tip thicknesses on peak internal pressures. This endeavor involved manufacturing a brand new model torso and subsequently testing different torsos with distinct tip designs. During the process we also designed and manufactured  a novel calibration apparatus. This apparatus allowed us to translate peak voltages to internal pressures experienced by the model torso, and can help us to individually calibrate each sensor and tip design in the future. Finally, the lab also revisited the concept of healing the silicone in an effort to recycle spent silicone torso blocks.

Student:   J immy Huang Professor/Sponsor:  Professor Dennis Lieu Research Project Title:  New Silicone Tissue Stimulant and Pressure Transducer Setup for L e ss Lethal Ballistics Applications

Abstract:  Less-lethal projectiles such as rubber and wooden bullets are commonly used by law enforcement for the purpose of incapacitating targets with minimum injury. However, these non- penetrating injuries can still cause severe internal damage and death. With understandable concern, investigation by Professor Dennis K. Lieu and his Ballistics Lab researchers has been underway since 2003. Originally intended to model the response of the human torso utilizing silicone, the scope of this project has extended to include the design of safer less-lethal projectiles. This paper details the progress made during the Spring semester of 2016 in Professor Dennis Lieu’s Ballistics Impact Lab, and is a continuation of ” The Effect of Varying Transducer Tip Thicknesses on Peak Internal Pressures” from Fall 2015. Most recently, the group has been focusing its efforts towards improving the design and manufacturing method for the model torso with an embedded pressure transducer. This semester, our team initially focused on exploring the concept of healing silicone in an effort to recycle old silicone torso blocks.  Further along, the group set out to benchmark new silicone tissue stimulants as well as new pressure transducer alternatives for more robust less lethal ballistics setups.

Student: Shayan Javaherian Professor/Sponsor: Professor Reza Alam Mentor: Dr. Mohsen Saadat Research Project Title: CalSat

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to make underwater wireless communication possible by using ROVs and laser tractions. The calsat project is consist of two different version which they call CalSat 1 and CalSat 2. For CalSat 1 the purpose of this project is to modification of controls of two submarine model to carry out the proof of concepts of underwater optical communication using a swarm of autonomous underwater vehicles. For CalSat 2 we made our own ROV that is an Agile and robes underwater platform used for underwater communication by using laser tractions. I widely work on design, prototyping, and manufacturing of CalSat 2. CalSat 2 Has different versions which each one of them developed and improved based on the previous version. Different version of CalSat 2 are as following: CalSat 2A, CalSat 2B, CalSat 2C, CalSat 2D. Following pictures are for CalSat 2C while testing for leakage and performance in O’Brien facility at UC Berkeley.

Student:Lace Co Ting Keh Professor/Sponsor: Professor Homayoon Kazerooni Research Project Title: Exoskeleton Support For Stroke Rehabilitation

Abstract: Nearly 800,000 individuals suffer a stroke each year. The growing number of individuals that require assistive recovery post stroke has been growing over the last decade. In turn, there has been a high demand for qualified physical therapists and a dire need for alternative ways to allow for safe recovery of patients. The exoskeleton industry offers unique perspective to address this demand. Exoskeletons have been used in the military to assist soldiers in carrying heavy loads. These have shown tremendous success in assisting able bodied soldiers. Exoskeletons in this industry have effectively allowed soldiers to conserve their energy when transporting gear. Furthermore, these have allowed soldiers to control the power of their legs and potentially allow for actions that would not have been possible without human augmentation.

An interesting application of the exoskeleton is its use in a medical setting. Paraplegics, quadriplegics, and post stroke patients are typically lose control of certain limbs. The exoskeleton offers a manner in which the user is able to manipulate their actions and allow a robotic system to perform specific actions for them. One of the biggest caveats faced by the exoskeleton industry is the support necessary for patients using lower limb exoskeletons. Lower limb exoskeletons are designed to be used by patients who are unable to control their lower limbs. This not only limits their ability for walking or running but also their ability to maintain balance. Because of this, patients are put at a high level or risk when using the exoskeleton because of the full reliance on the robotic systems. It is therefore necessary to design a support system for exoskeletons being used by patients who are unable to maintain balance when a malfunction occurs.

Student: Stefan Klein Professor/Sponsor: Professor Dennis Lieu Mentor: Daniel Talancon Sub Area: Mechatronics Design Research Project Title: INSTAR – Inertial Storage and Recovery

Abstract: INSTAR (Inertial Storage and Recover) is a mechanical engineering research group headed by Professor Lieu and recent PhD graduate Daniel Talancon. Our research surrounds a flywheel energy storage device for electric vehicle applications. In the past semester working with INSTAR, I completed several tasks related to the preparation of our go-kart test platform for our Cal Day exhibit and to the rebuilding of our flywheel energy storage device. To prepare our go-kart, I flushed and bled our brake system, which returned it to working condition, but also led to me discovering a leak on the master cylinder, which will be repaired by the next Cal Day. Furthermore, I disassembled our inertial simulation test setup, which consists of two large steel disks to simulate the inertia of the kart and two magnetic brakes to simulate the mechanical brakes of the kart. I then reassembled our battery packs and reinstalled the seat and wheels. In preparation for Cal Day, where we would, for the first time, have the final flywheel on display, a polycarbonate shield in between the flywheel and driver had to be designed and machined. I oversaw and helped several of the team’s freshmen in this task. Finally, there was a significant electronics error in our kart, which caused the startup of our motor controllers to fail randomly. I traced the error to the pedal assembly of the kart, whose angular encoders tended to slip, causing a non-zero braking and throttle signal to be inputted into the motor controllers, causing the startup to fail. Regrettably, I was unable to find a permanent fix for the problem before the exhibition on Cal Day, but a pedal assembly redesign is planned to stop the problem at its source. On Cal Day, I helped present our project to prospective students and parents, which has generated some interest in new students who have already contacted our lab. Finally, I began the process of rebuilding the flywheel’s rotor. For this task I rebuilt the electric motor’s rotor, which had to have a new set of neodymium magnets epoxied to it and was then wrapped in kevlar for strength. Overall, my participation in INSTAR has helped further my education in design and mechatronics and helped keep the INSTAR project rolling even with the recent graduation of our graduate student, Daniel.

Students: Andrew Kooker and Casey Duckering Professor/Sponsor: Professor Robert Full Mentor: Chen Li Sub Area: Mechatronics Research Project Title: Micro-Robot with Ambulating and Jumping Abilities: A modification of the Biomimetic Millisystems Lab robotics for testing and analysis on animal locomotion processes

Abstract: The goal of this project is to create micro-robots that can simulate standard insect/animal motions such as walking and running while being able to jump over encountered obstacles. The simulation of jumping mechanisms found in nature on fully mechanical robots can be used to better understand how and why they are used. Designs for robots can be created by understanding the dynamic effects of a jumping ability on motion when encountering obstacles, and simulating them effectively.

The initial step of our project dealt with simulating the simple motion of jumping on micro-robots that could already walk and run. It was important to analyze different methods of jumping from quick actuation to elastic storage; for the ability to continuously jump on command, the method of quick actuation seemed ideal. We created an actuating hinge mechanism in SolidWorks and developed the basic skeletal models for the robot in AutoCAD. By using rapid-prototyping techniques such as 3D printing and laser cutting, we were able to quickly bring these computer renditions to life for physical testing. We integrated mechanical and electrical components like gearing systems and microcontrollers for actuation, and combined these assemblies with the base-skeleton of our robot. After writing software to test the system, we analyzed the effectiveness of our design based on the robot performance and developed a second iteration of the robot accordingly.

Throughout the design process, we were required to focus on key decisions like material choice, specific component purchases, and overall integration methods. We developed many iterations of software to efficiently test the robots, and made many design changes to the jumping mechanism and robot body itself. We were also able to learn principles of re-design by taking already-developed robotic components from the Biomimetic Millisystems Lab, and further modifying them to fit our needs.

We compared the effectiveness of our designs among iterations, and mapped out performance goals for future generations of the robots. We plan to continue modifying current robot designs and creating custom completely new designs for jumping-specific robots in the future. We also hope to continue the development of unique electronic components and software to seamlessly integrate with our mechanical robots.

Student:   Leslie Leung Professor/Sponsor:  Professor  Dennis Lieu Research Project Title:   The design and initial testing of flashlight-inspired battery tubes

Abstract:  The INertial STorage And Recovery (INSTAR) vehicle combines the use of battery packs and a flywheel as its energy storing and supplying components.  The subject of this research centers on a new impact-resistant, fire-resistant, and well-ventilated design for battery packs consisting of rechargeable lithium ion cells.  Inspired by the packaging of a flashlight, the design aims to achieve an ease of assembly and disassembly for replacement of individual cells.  Housed in standard-sized aluminum tubing, six cells are preloaded by stainless steel springs fixed against polyether ether ketone (PEEK) end caps by a stainless steel bevel head screw.  Current flows from one battery tube to others via copper bus bars connecting adjacent tubes together.  A prototype consisting of two tubes was constructed as a proof of concept.  Static testing with a voltmeter returned expected voltage readings for a single tube, two tubes in series, and two tubes in parallel.  A setup scheme for dynamic testing is proposed for future study to determine the safe operating frequency range and the robustness of electrical connections during motion.  The design of the casing for the complete battery packs and the battery packs’ electrical connections with the vehicle’s battery management system (BMS) are also proposed.

Student:   Kevin Li Professor/Sponsor:  Professor  Alice Agogino Mentor:   Lee-Huang Chen Research Project Title:   Design, Manufacturing and Testing of Tensegrity V3 Robot Design

Abstract:  With recent advances in reusable rocketry and planetary discoveries, space exploration has come to the forefront of scientific news and research. My role in the Berkeley Emergent Space Tensegrities Lab has been to assist in developing the Tensegrity Spherical Robot V3, a robust yet compliant robotic system designed to take advantage of the unique characteristics of tensegrity structures. In doing this, I was involved in all aspects of the engineering process including hardware and software design, component manufacturing and component testing. In designing and manufacturing hardware, emphasis was placed on the ease, speed and cost of manufacturing and assembly in order to streamline the rapid iterative design process. In software design, an intuitive control scheme was developed for the twenty-four independent motors as well as a text interface for switching between manual control of individual motors and preset step sequences. Finally, in component testing, a physical drop test was developed to drop the Tensegrity V3 from heights of up to six feet, which helped confirm the compliance of the system, the strength of individual components and the accuracy of simulations.

Student:  Carlin Liao Professor/Sponsor:  Professor Alice Agogino Mentor:  Julia Kramer Research Project Title:  ‘The Design Exchange’ Ontology Team

Abstract: The work of the ontology team of the Design Exchange is primarily qualitative, focusing on categorizing and analyzing various methods in design thinking. Within the pools of “Data Gathering,” “Ideation,” “Analysis & Synthesis,” “Building/Prototyping,” and “Communications,” we have collected process descriptions for close to three hundred design methods such as Dot Voting, Visual Brainstorming, and Video Ethnography. From these processes, our team has identified more than 100 skills shared across multiple methods that may be relevant to design thinking as a professional endeavor. Following the completion of our master skill list will be the construction of a questionnaire designed to refine and verify our assessment of common design skills by surveying the professional design community, in particular those making the decision on which designers to hire.

Student: Chengming Liu Professor/Sponsor: Professor Liwei Lin Mentor: Casey Glick Subarea: Fluid Mechanics Research Project Title: Single-Layer Microfluidic Current Source via Optofluidic Lithography Abstract

Student:  Kevin Li Professor/Sponsor:  Professor Alice Agogino Mentor:  Lee-Huang Chen Research Project Title:  Design and Manufacturing of Soft Spherical Tensegrity Robot  

Abstract: With recent advances in reusable rocketry and planetary discoveries, space exploration has come to the forefront of scientific news and research. My role in the Berkeley Emergent Space Tensegrities Lab has been to assist in developing TT-4, the fourth version of the spherical tensegrity robot, a robust yet compliant robotic system designed to take advantage of the unique load-bearing characteristics of tensegrity structures. The goal for this prototype was to validate scaling of the spherical tensegrity design from the smaller TT-3, so the prototype is completely passive with the circuit boards designed specifically for drop testing. Key steps included manufacturing of hardware components and circuit boards, followed by final assembly of the TT-4 drop test prototype. Following that, a full drop test was designed and characterized to test the capabilities of the much larger TT-4. Hardware components included aluminum rods and endcaps, plastic and FDM module housings, extensions springs and fishing line. The circuit board was built for the drop testing and contained only a Teensy 3.2 microprocessor, 9-DOF absolute IMU, XBee wireless chip and voltage regulator. With a fully assembled board attached to the central payload of TT-4 as well as another attached to a module, a comparison of the G-forces between the payload and a rigid element of the robot can be made in order to validate the load-distributing characteristics of the tensegrity structure as well as the safety of a potential payload. With the hardware and software components of the TT-4 drop test prototype completed, the final step will be completing the drop test at a later date.

Student: Ryan Liu Professor/Sponsor: Professor Dennis Lieu Research Project Title: Protocol for Ballistics Lab Data Collection

Abstract:  In an effort to reduce long-term sustained injury from non-lethal weaponry, research was undertaken to investigate a new type of kinetic energy projectile. The projectile is similar in shape and energy transfer to currently used commercial non-lethal projectiles, but is made of a highly deformable, hyper-elastic, modified silicon rubber. Tests were conducted analytically using ABAQUS (FEA) and experimentally inside the UC Berkeley ballistics test lab. This report outlines the protocol necessary to perform ballistics lab work, which may be useful for both new ballistics lab researchers and for researchers at other laboratories alike.

Student:  Hannah   Ling Professor/Sponsor: Professor Dennis Lieu Mentor: John Madura Research Project Title: Design/Manufacturing of Oil Circulation System for Electric Vehicle Research Areas:  Design, Manufacturing

Abstract: The Inertial Storage And Recovery(INSTAR) kart uses an electric flywheel as part of a hybrid system to efficiently store energy from regenerative braking. The flywheel can store up to 100 kJ of energy by spinning at speeds up to 20,000 RPM. An adequate lubrication system is crucial to the safety and durability of the flywheel because it reduces wear when spinning the flywheel at high speeds. The design and components of the previous lubrication system were flawed and did not effectively lubricate the flywheel. The following report documents the features of the previous circulation system and illustrates its flaws, as well as explaining the design, part selection, and manufacturing process of a new reservoir and circulation system. Although the system is not fully assembled, the currently installed components have already improved the effectiveness of the lubrication system allowing for a greater range in the speed of flywheel testing.

Student: Jacob Madden Professor/Sponsor: Professor Masayoshi Tomizuka Research Project Title: Preliminary Modeling and Design of an Active-Passive Upper-Body Assistive Device

Abstract: Assistive devices, such as exoskeletons, are widely utilized across many fields to increase power output or provide basic support for human users and have shown great potential for use in fields such as medical rehabilitation. This paper documents preliminary work completed on a hybrid active-passive upper-body exoskeleton designed for rehabilitation of stroke victims. Goals included decreased mechanical complexity and increased range of motion over previous designs, while retaining adequate support for daily use and gravity compensation during daily tasks. The work described here includes simulation modeling, mechanical design, and physical hardware testing. Results from preliminary testing indicate that the final prototype shows greater range of motion and similar support when compared to previous designs, with the potential to be integrated into existing assistive systems to assist with medical rehabilitation or miniaturized into a compact, portable system.

Student:   Saunon   Malekshahi Professor/Sponsor:  Professor Alice Agogino Mentor:  Edward L. Zhu Research Project Title:  Lattice-Enabled Actuation for Tensegrity Robots Featuring Cluster Scouting Functionality

Abstract: Our paper presents a new spherical tensegrity robot capable of performing locomotion through the use of an actuator-powered lattice. Featuring a six-bar nodal actuator mount, this robot effectively delivers a rapid prototyping platform enabling the user to transition from a passive-actuated assembled state within minutes. Featuring a control scheme running on a RF wireless protocol, the TT-Unisphere provides a test platform for simulated cluster scouting between multitudes of tensegrity robots. Developed at UC Berkeley in collaboration with NASA Ames, the TT-Unisphere enables a broader scope of experimentation for tensegrity robots, namely in the domains of modeling interactive behavior for surface scouting and ergonomic assembly.

Student: Tony Ngo Professor/Sponsor: Professor Dennis K. Lieu Mentor: Cyndia Cao and John Madura Research Project Title: Model Development and System Identification of INSTAR’s Test Vehicle

Abstract: This paper serves to create a basic dynamic model of the current that runs throughout the Inertia Storage and Recovery (INSTAR) vehicle such that data can be acquired and fitted to a transfer function that represents the entire closed loop system. Using the methodology of system identification, and therefore recording the input current and output current of every subsystem, we can tune a PID controller to monitor the current that runs through the battery, and every individual motor controller. Such testing procedure is described further within the paper, where it explains how step inputs are used to receive the transient and steady state behavior of each subsystem. Though, the work within this paper does not fully address the implementation of the closed loop controller within LabView, it can be the framework to replace the open-loop model that exists within the vehicle’s code. Through the implementation of the closed loop model, efforts can be made to improve battery life, while also addressing the current draw issues that limits the performance of the vehicle. Serving as the stepping stones of more advance current controllers as well, the transfer function created can be used to optimize current flow during the different transient phases that exist while the vehicle is running. The creation of such a model can then be scaled and used to implement and optimize the concept of a triple hybrid system within a passenger vehicle.

Student:  Derek   Pan Area:  Design, Energy Science and Technology Professor/Sponsor:  Professor Dennis Lieu Research Project Title:  Design and Fabrication of a Novel Li-ion Battery Pack for Regenerative Braking Research

Abstract: The InStar Lab focuses on researching the viability of a regenerative braking system that utilizes an electromechanical flywheel as interim power storage between cycles of motor braking and vehicle acceleration and/or battery recharging. As a platform for this research, a go-kart was modified to be driven by two electric motors, in turn powered by two lithium iron-phosphate (LiFePO4) battery packs. In response to certain criteria that were found lacking in the battery packs currently in use on the kart, a team of undergraduates designed and fabricated a new pack. Construction of the new pack started in Fall of 2017 and was continued through Spring 2018. Preliminary testing was done to determine the viability of its design. In addition, research was done on finding a way to implement a battery management system (BMS) with the pack’s unusual architecture, where the cells are grouped into “parallel strings.” Typically, battery packs use cells grouped into parallel banks, which are then connected in series, whereas this pack groups six cells in series inside tubes, which are then connected in parallel. Because BMS are generally designed for the former layout, most are incapable of monitoring the higher voltages that result from series groupings. This is an area that requires further research. Overall, the design was found to have shortcomings that would need to be improved for regular, long-term use, chief among these being the difficulty in implementing a BMS and the pack having too low of an electrical capacity. Nevertheless, it is a functional li-ion battery pack that is at least usable on a temporary basis, and which has led to much insight into battery technology and pack design.

Student: Nicholas Anthony Renda Professor/Sponsor: Professor Dennis Lieu Mentor: Daniel Talancon Research Project Title: INSTAR RP-1: Development and Testing of an Electric Vehicle KERS Platform

Abstract: My research this semester focused on creating a robust mounting solution for a flywheel-based energy storage system as part of the INertial STorage And Recovery (INSTAR) Lab. The flywheel is part of a Kinetic Energy Recovery System (KERS) on an electric go-kart, for the purpose of regenerative braking. The flywheel mount is designed to support the flywheel under extreme driving loads (cornering, braking, accelerating), while simultaneously damping vibrations through the use of rubber isolators. The flywheel spins up to 25,000 rpm, so special care is taken to isolate all vibrations between it and the go-kart chassis.

The mount is made of 6061-T6 aluminum billet, and was designed to be manufactured almost entirely on a waterjet machine through the use of 2d profile parts. Bolt holes were postdrilled on a drill press to ensure tight tolerances. Rubber isolators embedded in the mounting plate damp vibrations and react shear loads to the chassis. A containment system was also designed to account for special load cases, such as flywheel seizure. In this load case, the rotating steel mass stops in less than 2 rotations due to debris in the bearing or an external impact. This imparts a massive torque on the mount, which begins to rotate and shears through the rubber isolators. It then comes in contact with the containment brackets, which are designed to take the load of a seizure impact without failing.

The go-kart was tested without the flywheel to ensure proper function of all other systems, including batteries, steering, brakes, motors, pedals, and electronics. INSTAR met its goal of a fully functional kart by Cal Day, having debugged code and designed new batteries and pedals to accomplish this task. The vehicle systems were then thoroughly tested to ensure sturdiness during multiple cycles of high-intensity accelerating and braking.

Student:  Nick Renda Professor/Sponsor:  Professor Dennis Lieu Research Project Title:  Load and Safety Considerations in the Design of Flywheel Kinetic Energy Recovery Systems for Electric Vehicles

Abstract: Flywheel technology has novel applications in electric vehicles as the core component of a kinetic energy recovery system. Flywheels have quick charge and discharge rates, and can be used to recapture the energy that is generally lost using current regenerative braking technology or traditional friction brakes. One challenge to implementing these systems is mechanically connecting the flywheel to the vehicle chassis. This project focuses on the development of a robust flywheel mounting system that minimizes vibration transmission from the chassis, reacts loads under extreme driving conditions, and protects the driver in the event of a catastrophic failure.

Student: Hale Reynolds Course Project: ME 102B Research Project Title: “Smart” Energy Harvesting and Usage as Applied to a Bicycle Light

Abstract: For this project, a standard battery powered Light Emitting Diode (LED) bicycle light was modified, allowing it to harvest and store all the energy required for its use.

When normally operated, the bicycle light used for this project requires four AA batteries, located in a compartment just behind the circuit board holding the LEDs, and normally operates for around nine hours before the batteries must be replaced. The batteries were removed and replaced with a coin-sized rechargeable Lithium-Ion Battery (LIB), and circuitry governing the storage and usage of the generated electricity. (The LIB and circuit take up the same space as the four AA batteries.)

To generate electricity from the normal usage of the bicycle, very strong magnets (Neodymium magnets with residual flux density of 14.7 KGs) were mechanically fixed to the spokes in a similar fashion to the typical attachment of bicycle speedometer magnets. Then a tightly wound, fine copper wire coil was attached to the bicycle fork at the location where the magnets attached to the spokes would pass. As the magnets pass the copper coil, their magnetic field induces a potential difference across the coil ends. This voltage potential then drives the flow of current through wires run along the bicycle frame to the battery compartment. Before reaching the battery, the current must pass through series of four diodes arranged as a full-wave rectifier to ensure that regardless of the direction of the magnet rotation and regardless of the magnet polarity orientation, the electricity serves to charge the battery.

To govern the usage of the charge stored in the battery, a simple control circuit was designed. For daytime operation of the bicycle, when it is light out, the generator charges the battery. Because no additional light is needed when it is bright out, the battery stores its charge and does not power the LEDs. For night riding or in other dark conditions, it is desired that the LEDs be powered to illuminate the cyclist’s way. This photosensitive functionality was achieved using two transistors, an operational amplifier, a photosensor, and a series of resistors.

The circuit governing the use of the battery’s charge is a small photosensor interfaced with an operational amplifier which was then connected to a CMOS Inverter (composed of the two transistors, one N-Channel and one P-Channel). If the output from the photosensor is high (light is incident upon it), this signal is amplified by the operational amplifier and the inverter allows no current to pass from the battery to the LEDs of the bicycle light. If the output from the photosensor is low (no light is incident upon it), this signal is still amplified by the operational amplifier, but if it is low enough, the inverter allows all the required current for full LED brightness to pass to the LEDs of the bicycle light. The resistors are used in balancing the operational amplifier, effectively calibrating the system. With the proper resistor combination, the circuit was calibrated to have the inverter transition between states at the proper, practical light intensities for day and night bicycling.

Key Points: Through the use of this device, rather than replace four AA batteries after every nine hours of use, a smaller battery may be used to store energy generated from the normal use of the bicycle, and does not need replacing. It was found that during normal usage of the bicycle, 40% of the energy consumed from full-brightness bicycle-light use could be generated. This means that when it is bright out, and the bicycle light is off, the battery is easily charged, while at night the battery life is greatly extended. Although the energy produced by this device comes from the energy supplied by the rider, because there is no contact between moving components, and because the power generated is relatively small, there is no noticeable drag on the wheel due to energy generation. Also, in-terms of cost, the total cost of this project was much less than for a high-end bicycle light.

Student:  Patrick Savidge Professor/Sponsor:  Professor Dennis Lieu Research Project Title:  Calibration of Piezoresistive Pressure Transducer Embedded in Silicone

Abstract: The Impact Lab at UC Berkeley is in development on non-lethal bullets. Currently the lab is developing bullets made from Medical Grade Silicone Gel. These bullets are shoot at a silicone torso and the internal pressure felt by the torso is recorded. This paper outlines the process used and results obtained from calibrating the Piezoresistive Pressure sensor embedded in the silicone torso. The sensor was mounted in a small piston cylinder device and Medical Grade Silicone Gel was cured around the sensor. Various weights were applied to the device to vary the pressure applied and the output voltage from the sensor was recorded. These voltages were then applied to data obtained within the Impact Lab to determine the pressure experienced under impact testing.

Student:   Arbaaz   Shakir Professor/Sponsor:  Professor Alice Agogino Mentor:  Dr. Euiyoung Kim Research Project Title:  Human Centered Design: Renault

Abstract: With the automotive industry on the cusp of a revolution as vehicles attain progressively higher levels of autonomy, car manufacturers are beginning to rethink the concept of personal mobility and re-envision meaningful interactions between people and different transportation modalities. The premise of this project takes meaning in this transformative phase of the automotive industry. With a human-centered approach and with the primary goal of creating better customer experiences, exploring what consumers will want and need in tomorrow’s transportation ecosystem, we looked to gain insight into opportunities in important new areas of potential growth and design solutions in these areas.

The first half of the project i.e. the time frame covered by this report, focused on the early stages of the design process including problem framing and user research. We uncovered areas for design exploration, unpacked consumer needs, framed and structured problems from our findings, prototyped and tested our ideas, and gathered user feedback. The synthesis driver for the project was the iterative design process. We found, from our studies, that the need for a human-machine interface between pedestrians and autonomous vehicles was not pressing, that consumers are vested in the emotion of a traditional driving experience, and that users are looking for a higher level of personalization in their transportation journeys.

Student:   Kimberly   Sover Professor/Sponsor:  Professor Alice Agogino Mentor:  Andrew Sabelhaus Research Project Title:  Hardware Design and Test Setup for Laika: the Quadruped Robot with a Tensegrity Spine Abstract

Student: Kimberly A. Sover Professor/Sponsor: Professor Alice Agogino Mentor: Andrew P. Sabelhaus Research Project Title: Mechanical and Electrical Design of a Fixture to Test Modeling Methods and Control of a Tensegrity Spine

Abstract: Flexible spines for quadruped robots are a growing technology in the soft robotics field. The Berkeley Emergent Space Tensegrities Lab is currently conducting research on a tensegrity-based spine that consists of interlaced rigid cores connected by cables to create movement that mimics that of a vertebrate spine. The spine can be actuated by adjusting the lengths of the cables attached to ends of the vertebrae on the top, bottom, and sides to bend in the sagittal and coronal planes. This paper discusses the development of simplified hardware to robustly test modeling methods and control designs for the current spine prototype. As the semester began, it became clear that the current three-dimensional prototype would not be able to provide accurate data for detailed investigations into the techniques used to construct the governing state equations of the model or the development of control strategies. A stand-alone hardware setup was developed to create and capture the dynamics of a single vertebrae. Mechanically, this test setup was designed to accurately represent a core with cable attachments in two dimensions and eliminate sources of error, such as out of plane motion and fictional effects. Electrically, it was designed to have the ability to precisely dictate the forces the cables apply by using motors to change cable lengths. In addition, there is a camera vision component to the test setup that relays information about the position and rotation of the spine for closed loop control testing. Initial testing of the system, shows that we will be able to move the vertebrae by commanding the motors while tracking the state the vertebrae in real time to perform a variety of tests in both open and closed loop for verification of continued research in the lab. Future work will focus on increased performance and robustness of the test setup for application to a wider range testing possibilities.

Student:  Ellande Tang Professor/Sponsor:  Professor Alice Agogino Mentor:  Lee-Huang Chen Research Project Title:  Hardware Improvements to Tensegrity robots and a Potential Alternative Actuator for Linear Motion

Abstract: Tensegrity robots have tremendous potential for space exploration due to their deformability and compliance. Their innate impact resistance allows them to traverse rough or precipitous terrain with substantially reduced risk. However, tensegrity robots are hampered by their complex geometry, which makes them difficult to assemble and visualize on paper, as well as their primary method of actuation, which requires linear motion. This report examines the improvement of tensegrity assembly methods through improved rod end attachment hardware and re-evaluates the performance of a novel type of linear actuator inspired by twisting cable actuators as well as the double helix geometry of DNA.  The new endcaps were designed to interact more favorably with the single elastic lattice of the TT-4 mini tensegrity robot.  Incorporating grommets into the elastic prevents them from slipping off the rod ends as in previous designs. Additionally, the use dowel pins as wire guides improves manufacturability and allows effective end caps to be made without 3d-printing. Lastly, the introduction of threaded holes simultaneously allows for the lattice to be secured and to attach actuation cables without the need for tying knots. Combined with the other changes, this reduces tensegrity assembly time to under 5 minutes while addressing a number of the previous flaws of the design, improving durability and robustness.

The DNA actuator shows promise as an effective linear actuator. With the construction of a new, lower friction testing assembly, the characteristics of the actuator can be determined with more accuracy. The actuator in its current for displays potential as a practical linear actuator, as it displays interesting properties. Among them is the property of the required torque for actuation depending not upon load but upon the present number of rotations. These properties merit further analysis of the DNA actuator with different materials and geometric configurations.

Student:   Rachel   Thomasson Professor/Sponsor:  Professor Francesco Borrelli Mentor:  David Gealy Research Project Title:  Koko: A Low-Cost, 7 Degree-of-Freedom, Modular Robotic Arm Abstract

Students: Aliakbar Toghyan and Borna Dehghani Professor/Sponsor: Professor Alice Agogino Mentor: Kyunam Kim Sub Area: Controls Research Project Title: Tensegrity Robot

Abstract: Soft robotics and tensegrities are the new chapters to the world of robotics. The term “Tensegrity” is a combination of the words “Tensile” and “Integrity”, and it represents any structure consisting of elements that are only under tension or compression. The main objective of the Tensegrity research was to come up with a relatively low-cost but appropriate representative of NASA’s future explorer SUPERball. The purpose of making the early prototype was the initial approval of the control algorithm used for the movement of the robot, since the process of making the actual prototype in NASA is overly expensive and time consuming.

The robot consists of six rods that are connected by 24 elastic elements and it is formed into a sphere like configuration. The sphere would be able to roll by means of actuating the elastic components. As a team member I focused on designing a control algorithm for the robot. Based on simulation of the robot in Matlab, I found the optimized control algorithm for certain movements. Afterwards, I implemented the control system in the prototype and made sure that the robot had the desired motion.

Student:   Varna   Vasudevan Professor/Sponsor:  Professor Alice Agogino Mentor:  Danielle Poreh Research Project Title:  Redesigning Thedesignexchange Method Page To Assist Novice Designers In Embedding Design Methods Into Practice Abstract

Student:   Richard   Vuu Professor/Sponsor:  Professor Professor Dennis Lieu Mentor:  John Madura Research Project Title:  Designing an adjustable pedals system for a flywheel energy storage (FES) demonstration vehicle. Abstract

Student:  Zea   Wang Professor/Sponsor: Professor Tarek Zohdi Mentor: Maxwell Micali Research Project Title: Variable Nozzle

Abstract: As additive printing is gaining in popularity and increasing its uses, it is important to minimize build time while maintaining resolution throughout the part. A variable nozzle is able to accomplish this by changing the extrusion diameter while printing. A variable nozzle introduces additional flexibility in the 3D printing process. Not only will this make additive manufacturing more efficient, it will allow for artists to explore a new feature, further expanding the abilities 3D printing.

Our team’s design features the use of a mechanical iris mechanism to vary the diameter of the nozzle. This allows for the cross section of the mechanism to remain relatively circular as the diameter varies while printing. The 3D Potterbot, a ceramic printer, was chosen in order focus on the mechanical design without interference of heat and phase transitions in the material. In testing, the mechanical iris was successful in changing the size of the extruded material from 6mm to 20mm continuously. Problems came about as the iris reached the smaller diameters due to the bunching of the rubber liner between the clay and the mechanism. High pressure is also applied to the mechanism from the clay during extrusion making the rotation of the iris and therefore the changing of the diameter difficult.

This semester has been focused on testing the nozzle on a ceramics printer and documenting problems when implementing a variable nozzle. The second priority is finding ways of automating the entire system with a motor. The next steps of this research will focus mainly on the software needed when a variable nozzle is introduced. This includes changes in the slicer as well as the feed and print rates of the 3D printer in order to minimize the build time and provide the best possible resolution.

Students: Lee Weinstein and Martin Cacan Lab: Berkeley Manufacturing Institute Research Project Title: Battery-Replacement Scale Energy Harvesting From HVAC Flows

Abstract: The objective of the project is to create an energy scavenging device that produces over 100 μW of power in air flows of 2-5 m/s. These operating conditions are characteristic of HVAC systems, and the power output would be sufficient to run a low-power wireless sensor node at ~1% duty cycle.

The approach we have pursued is using a cylindrical obstacle inside an HVAC flow to trip vortex shedding. A fin attached to a piezoelectric bender vibrates and harvests energy as a result of an oscillatory pressure differential caused by periodic vortex shedding off of the obstacle.

An image and a few more details are available on our lab website: http://ame.berkeley.edu/

Student: Kriya Wong Professor/Sponsor: Professor Grace Gu Mentor: Zhizhou Zhang, Kahraman Demir Research Project Title: OwlFoil: Development of Bio-Inspired Multimaterial Composites

Abstract: The power of silent flight achieved by owls extends further than simple domination of the evolutionary arms race between predator and prey. Successful modeling and printing of wings have the potential to reform turbine and aerodynamic technology in terms of both energy efficiency and noise reduction. The characteristics of owl wings that render them silent are primarily the leading edge feathers and the trailing fringe of the wing, which work jointly to break up oncoming air currents and channel them along an invariant surface, minimizing the sound during flight. The leading edge feathers, which are typically smaller and more circular in shape, are lined with tiny serrations along the feather that are called pennula, whose primary purpose is to create roughness and texture along the wing that will break up the air currents into smaller streams called micro-turbulences, which raise the noise frequency of the air rushing over the wing to a higher frequency that is not detectable by prey and also humans. The trailing fringe further differentiates the owl from other birds in that the substructure of these feathers allow them to mesh into one another when the wings unfold, such that when the feathers spread, the outer fringe of the feathers create almost a single sheet with very little overlap, maximizing area and creating smoother surface which reduces noise and tapers out into larger, less densely packed barbule areas that break the air currents further into smaller streams to reduce noise. This project aims to create a base model for the computer-aided design (CAD) of synthetic, multi-material bird feathers, specifically of the male barn owl for the rapid prototype and development of 3D-printed feathers. Using an online database of primary feathers collected from the barn owl, three models from different regions of the wing were generated taking into account external feather spline, rachis or stem characteristic, curvature and barbule density. The properties of owls’ silent flight deemed to be the most impactful have been determined to be the comb-like pennula on the leading edge feathers and the fluid-like trailing fringe of the lower wing feathers, which work together to break air currents into smaller pockets as well as smooth the underside of the wing. The successful modeling and 3D-printing of these characteristic feathers unique to the owl have the potential to transform airfoil and turbine technology. As a crucial step towards the modeling of an entire wing, this project defines the parameters necessary for the realistic multi-material generation of owl flight feathers.

Student:  Michael   Zhang Area:  Design, Energy Science and Technology Professor/Sponsor:  Professor Dennis Lieu Research Project Title:  Inertial Storage and Recovery (INSTAR) Research Lab Application of Electronic Differentials

Abstract: The Inertial Storage and Recovery (INSTAR) lab is conducting research on adding alternative energy storage systems in the form of a flywheel to the traditional hybrid automobile in an effort to increase the efficiency of the vehicle. In order to test and collect data to further examine the validity and feasibility of the alternative energy storage systems, a test vehicle was built in the form of an electric go-kart. The projects in this report focus on the development of an electronic differential to increase overall efficiency of the vehicle as well as providing manufacturing support to other teams in the research lab.

Student: Sean Zhu Professor/Sponsor: Professor Alice Agogino Mentor: Cesar Torres Research Project Title: Design Exchange UI Abstract

Student:   Daniel   Zu Professor/Sponsor:  Professor Dennis Lieu Research Project Title:  Belt Drivetrain Design and Analysis Abstract

Mechanical Engineering

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Tips on reading articles better

Reading a lot of articles in short period of time is tough! It's important to take breaks, and to take quick notes after each article. Otherwise it will all blend together.

See this article for advice from different STEM researchers on how they read articles: https://www.sciencemag.org/careers/2016/03/how-seriously-read-scientific-paper

Guides to writing articles and literature reviews in STEM

For individual help with your writing, it's best to book an appointment with the Academic Help Writing Centre on campus .

• How to Write a good technical paper Short article from Concrete International magazine.

• Ten Simple Rules for writing a literature review, by Marco Pautasso (2013) A popular article published in PLoS Computational Biology.

Examples of literature reviews

If you're writing a published article or a thesis, it's always good to read different examples in your field. In a research database like Scopus or Web of Science, you can search for review articles on your topic - see the Find Articles tab. You can also see previous theses in your program. Follow this link, and modify the search to find ones from your department.

Here is an example of a review paper written by a uOttawa PhD student in civil engineering, which is structured by analytical approach.

• Example journal article with highlights This is a journal article written by two members of the School of EECS here. I have highlighted key phrases in their lit review in which they synthesize and summarize the previous literature.

Science and Engineering Librarian | Bibliothécaire spécialisé en sciences et génie

Doing a systematic review?

If you've been asked to do a systematic review , we have a guide for doing them . But another type of review might actually be better suited to your project! This chart describes different types of reviews and why you might use them.

What do your professors want in a literature review?

Whether you are doing a topic summary for a term paper, a state-of-the-art survey, or a full literature review for a thesis or article, there are some common expectations that your professors have for graduate student work. They are not looking for you to simply describe some papers that you have read on the topic, one after the other. What they do expect is:

• That you have found and thoroughly read enough papers to have a solid grasp of the particular topic. This is where it's very important to properly define your topic so you can do a good job, and do a structured database search! You should start to encounter some of the same authors and papers repeatedly as you read, indicating that you are finding the major works in this topic. For searching advice, see the Find Articles tab. You should use at least two search tools (Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, etc).
• That you have understood them enough to identify major trends, methods, approaches, and differences . This takes work! You do not want to just re-phrase the abstract. See below for some tips on doing this.
• That you can communicate your own perspective and informed opinion on what is truly important - including where the current research is lacking (where there is a gap). If you are doing your own research, this is a very important part of the literature review as it justifies the rest of your project.

The process of doing a literature review

Source: North Carolina State University. (n.d.). Literature Reviews: An Overview for Graduate Students . https://www.lib.ncsu.edu/tutorials/litreview/

Reading and note-taking efficiently

Getting started.

You want to be organized from the start when doing a literature review, especially for a project that will take a long time. 

• In a Word or Excel file, keep track of your searching - which search databases and tools you use, and paste in all the search queries you run that are useful, with parameters. In Scopus, for example, this might be ' TITLE-ABS-KEY   (   anaerobic   AND  digestion   AND  feedstock   )   AND   PUBYEAR   >   2013'. This will help you avoid duplicating work later.
• Use a citation manager program like Zotero or Mendeley, to keep track of your papers as you find them, and format citations later. See this guide for details on the programs. Save the PDFs to your computer, and attach them to the entries in your citation manager if it isn't added automatically.

Reading and Note-taking on Individual papers

When you actually read the papers that you find, most people take a staged approach to save time:

• Read the abstract fully to determine if it's actually on topic.
• If so, read the discussion and conclusion, and the figures and graphs, to figure out if the results were significant or produced interesting results.
• If so, make sure it is saved. Then read the full article, and annotate the article right away.

What does annotating mean? Take very short notes (on paper or digital) of the most important findings and/or highlight important lines in the paper. You can highlight and annotate the PDF file if you want, or in your citation manager. You don't usually need to summarize the whole article - instead focus on what is important for your research or review, and write it in your own words. This could be the

• whether the study was theoretical, experimental, numerical simulation, etc
• main theoretical approach, model, algorithms, etc
• number of test specimens or subjects
• key assumptions made that might impact its general validity
• key outcome measured, statistical significance of it, etc
• Your own comments - for example, strengths and weaknesses

Synthesizing the papers and structuring your review

Concept mapping.

One technique is to create a concept map or 'mind map' showing the relationships or groupings of the key papers on your topic, with short labels. This way, you can try out different options for how to structure your paper and see which one makes the most sense. You can do this on paper:

You can also do this digitally, using a mind-mapping website. There are some easy-to-use, free tools that are available now. Two that I have used are Coggle and Miro. You can also just sketch on paper.

Created using  Coggle.it, based on a chart in Huang, H. (2018). Methods for Rolling Element Bearing Fault Diagnosis under Constant and Time-varying Rotational Speed Conditions (Ph.D. Thesis, University of Ottawa). http://dx.doi.org/10.20381/ruor-21835

Image: Pacheco-Vega, R. (2016, June 15). How to do a literature review: Citation tracing, concept saturation and results’ mind-mapping. Retrieved from http://www.raulpacheco.org/2016/06/how-to-do-a-literature-review-citation-tracing-concept-saturation-and-results-mind-mapping/

After you have taken notes on individual articles, it can be very helpful to create a chart with key variables that seem important. Not every article will cover the same material. But there should be some common factors, and some differences between them. This chart is called a synthesis matrix.

Example of a 'synthesis matrix'

Source: University of Western Ontario Library (n.d.). “Writing your literature review”. https://guides.lib.uwo.ca/mme9642/litreview

See this blog post by researcher Raul Pacheco-Vega for another example of how he does this.

This chart can help you decide how to organize your review. If it's a very short review, some people write it chronologically - they describe how the topic evolved, one paper at a time. But if you have more than 10 papers, this is not a good approach. Instead, it is best to organize your review thematically . In this approach, you group the papers into several groups or themes, and discuss each theme in a separate section. Usually the groups are major methods of tackling the problem, or concepts, or techniques.

In each section of your paper, you introduce the theme, and then discuss and compare the papers in the group. Using this approach lets you show that you have not just read the papers, but have understood the topic as a whole, and can synthesize the literature.

For example, this paper co-authored by Ping Li , a Civil Engineering PhD graduate of uOttawa, organizes the papers into three categories: ones that used a 'traditional' approach; ones based on characterization of the soil microstructure, and ones that also incorporate soil mechanics. The strengths and weaknesses of category are discussed, and in the conclusion, the authors recommend approaches for future studies. 

You can often include a form of a synthesis chart in your paper or thesis, as a visual summary of your lit review. This is part of a chart included in a Masters' thesis in Computer Science from uOttawa.

From Le Page, S. (2019). Understanding the Phishing Ecosystem (M.Sc. Thesis, University of Ottawa). http://dx.doi.org/10.20381/ruor-23629

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Top 150 Mechanical Engineering Research Topics [Updated]

Mechanical engineering is an intriguing discipline that holds significant sway in shaping our world. With a focus on crafting inventive machinery and fostering sustainable energy initiatives, mechanical engineers stand as pioneers in driving technological progress. However, to make meaningful contributions to the field, researchers must carefully choose their topics of study. In this blog, we’ll delve into various mechanical engineering research topics, ranging from fundamental principles to emerging trends and interdisciplinary applications.

How to Select Mechanical Engineering Research Topics?

Table of Contents

Selecting the right mechanical engineering research topics is crucial for driving impactful innovation and addressing pressing challenges. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you choose the best research topics:

• Identify Your Interests: Start by considering your passions and areas of expertise within mechanical engineering. What topics excite you the most? Choosing a subject that aligns with your interests will keep you motivated throughout the research process.
• Assess Current Trends: Stay updated on the latest developments and trends in mechanical engineering. Look for emerging technologies, pressing industry challenges, and areas with significant research gaps. These trends can guide you towards relevant and timely research topics.
• Conduct Literature Review: Dive into existing literature and research papers within your field of interest. Identify gaps in knowledge, unanswered questions, or areas that warrant further investigation. Building upon existing research can lead to more impactful contributions to the field.
• Consider Practical Applications: Evaluate the practical implications of potential research topics. How will your research address real-world problems or benefit society? Choosing topics with tangible applications can increase the relevance and impact of your research outcomes.
• Consult with Advisors and Peers: Seek guidance from experienced mentors, advisors, or peers in the field of mechanical engineering. Discuss your research interests and potential topics with them to gain valuable insights and feedback. Their expertise can help you refine your ideas and select the most promising topics.
• Define Research Objectives: Clearly define the objectives and scope of your research. What specific questions do you aim to answer or problems do you intend to solve? Establishing clear research goals will guide your topic selection process and keep your project focused.
• Consider Resources and Constraints: Take into account the resources, expertise, and time available for your research. Choose topics that are feasible within your constraints and align with your available resources. Balancing ambition with practicality is essential for successful research endeavors.
• Brainstorm and Narrow Down Options: Generate a list of potential research topics through brainstorming and exploration. Narrow down your options based on criteria such as relevance, feasibility, and alignment with your interests and goals. Choose the most promising topics that offer ample opportunities for exploration and discovery.
• Seek Feedback and Refinement: Once you’ve identified potential research topics, seek feedback from colleagues, advisors, or experts in the field. Refine your ideas based on their input and suggestions. Iteratively refining your topic selection process will lead to a more robust and well-defined research proposal.
• Stay Flexible and Open-Minded: Remain open to new ideas and opportunities as you progress through the research process. Be willing to adjust your research topic or direction based on new insights, challenges, or discoveries. Flexibility and adaptability are key qualities for successful research endeavors in mechanical engineering.

By following these steps and considering various factors, you can effectively select mechanical engineering research topics that align with your interests, goals, and the needs of the field.

Top 50 Mechanical Engineering Research Topics For Beginners

• Analysis of the efficiency of different heat exchanger designs.
• Optimization of airfoil shapes for enhanced aerodynamic performance.
• Investigation of renewable energy harvesting using piezoelectric materials.
• Development of smart materials for adaptive structures in aerospace applications.
• Study of vibration damping techniques for improving vehicle ride comfort.
• Design and optimization of suspension systems for off-road vehicles.
• Analysis of fluid flow characteristics in microchannels for cooling electronics.
• Evaluation of the performance of different brake systems in automotive vehicles.
• Development of lightweight materials for automotive and aerospace industries.
• Investigation of the effects of friction stir welding parameters on joint properties.
• Design and testing of a small-scale wind turbine for rural electrification.
• Study of the dynamics of flexible multibody systems in robotics.
• Development of a low-cost prosthetic limb using 3D printing technology.
• Analysis of heat transfer in electronic packaging for thermal management.
• Investigation of energy harvesting from vehicle suspension systems.
• Design and optimization of heat sinks for electronic cooling applications.
• Study of material degradation in composite structures under various loading conditions.
• Development of bio-inspired robotic mechanisms for locomotion.
• Investigation of the performance of regenerative braking systems in electric vehicles.
• Design and analysis of an autonomous agricultural robot for crop monitoring.
• Optimization of gas turbine blade profiles for improved efficiency.
• Study of the aerodynamics of animal-inspired flying robots (bio-drones).
• Development of advanced control algorithms for robotic manipulators.
• Analysis of wear mechanisms in mechanical components under different operating conditions.
• Investigation of the efficiency of solar water heating systems.
• Design and optimization of microfluidic devices for biomedical applications.
• Study of the effects of additive manufacturing parameters on part quality.
• Development of assistive devices for individuals with disabilities.
• Analysis of the performance of different types of bearings in rotating machinery.
• Investigation of the feasibility of using shape memory alloys in actuator systems.
• Design and optimization of a compact heat exchanger for space applications.
• Study of the effects of surface roughness on friction and wear in sliding contacts.
• Development of energy-efficient HVAC systems for buildings.
• Analysis of the performance of different types of fuel cells for power generation.
• Investigation of the feasibility of using biofuels in internal combustion engines.
• Design and testing of a micro-scale combustion engine for portable power generation.
• Study of the mechanics of soft materials for biomedical applications.
• Development of exoskeletons for rehabilitation and assistance in mobility.
• Analysis of the effects of vehicle aerodynamics on fuel consumption.
• Investigation of the potential of ocean wave energy harvesting technologies.
• Design and optimization of energy-efficient refrigeration systems.
• Study of the dynamics of flexible structures subjected to dynamic loads.
• Development of sensors and actuators for structural health monitoring.
• Analysis of the performance of different cooling techniques in electronics.
• Investigation of the potential of hydrogen fuel cells for automotive applications.
• Design and testing of a small-scale hydroelectric power generator.
• Study of the mechanics of cellular materials for impact absorption.
• Development of unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) for environmental monitoring.
• Analysis of the efficiency of different propulsion systems in space exploration.
• Investigation of the potential of micro-scale energy harvesting technologies for powering wireless sensors.

Top 50 Mechanical Engineering Research Topics For Intermediate

• Optimization of heat exchanger designs for enhanced energy efficiency.
• Investigating the effects of surface roughness on fluid flow in microchannels.
• Development of lightweight materials for automotive applications.
• Modeling and simulation of combustion processes in internal combustion engines.
• Design and analysis of novel wind turbine blade configurations.
• Study of advanced control strategies for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
• Analysis of wear and friction in mechanical components under varying operating conditions.
• Investigation of thermal management techniques for high-power electronic devices.
• Development of smart materials for shape memory alloys in actuator applications.
• Design and fabrication of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) for biomedical applications.
• Optimization of additive manufacturing processes for metal 3D printing.
• Study of fluid-structure interaction in flexible marine structures.
• Analysis of fatigue behavior in composite materials for aerospace applications.
• Development of energy harvesting technologies for sustainable power generation.
• Investigation of bio-inspired robotics for locomotion in challenging environments.
• Study of human factors in the design of ergonomic workstations.
• Design and control of soft robots for delicate manipulation tasks.
• Development of advanced sensor technologies for condition monitoring in rotating machinery.
• Analysis of aerodynamic performance in hypersonic flight vehicles.
• Study of regenerative braking systems for electric vehicles.
• Optimization of cooling systems for high-performance computing (HPC) applications.
• Investigation of fluid dynamics in microfluidic devices for lab-on-a-chip applications.
• Design and optimization of passive and active vibration control systems.
• Analysis of heat transfer mechanisms in nanofluids for thermal management.
• Development of energy-efficient HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems.
• Study of biomimetic design principles for robotic grippers and manipulators.
• Investigation of hydrodynamic performance in marine propeller designs.
• Development of autonomous agricultural robots for precision farming.
• Analysis of wind-induced vibrations in tall buildings and bridges.
• Optimization of material properties for additive manufacturing of aerospace components.
• Study of renewable energy integration in smart grid systems.
• Investigation of fracture mechanics in brittle materials for structural integrity assessment.
• Development of wearable sensors for human motion tracking and biomechanical analysis.
• Analysis of combustion instability in gas turbine engines.
• Optimization of thermal insulation materials for building energy efficiency.
• Study of fluid-structure interaction in flexible wing designs for unmanned aerial vehicles.
• Investigation of heat transfer enhancement techniques in heat exchanger surfaces.
• Development of microscale actuators for micro-robotic systems.
• Analysis of energy storage technologies for grid-scale applications.
• Optimization of manufacturing processes for lightweight automotive structures.
• Study of tribological behavior in lubricated mechanical systems.
• Investigation of fault detection and diagnosis techniques for industrial machinery.
• Development of biodegradable materials for sustainable packaging applications.
• Analysis of heat transfer in porous media for thermal energy storage.
• Optimization of control strategies for robotic manipulation tasks in uncertain environments.
• Study of fluid dynamics in fuel cell systems for renewable energy conversion.
• Investigation of fatigue crack propagation in metallic alloys.
• Development of energy-efficient propulsion systems for unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs).
• Analysis of airflow patterns in natural ventilation systems for buildings.
• Optimization of material selection for additive manufacturing of biomedical implants.

Top 50 Mechanical Engineering Research Topics For Advanced

• Development of advanced materials for high-temperature applications
• Optimization of heat exchanger design using computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
• Control strategies for enhancing the performance of micro-scale heat transfer devices
• Multi-physics modeling and simulation of thermoelastic damping in MEMS/NEMS devices
• Design and analysis of next-generation turbofan engines for aircraft propulsion
• Investigation of advanced cooling techniques for electronic devices in harsh environments
• Development of novel nanomaterials for efficient energy conversion and storage
• Optimization of piezoelectric energy harvesting systems for powering wireless sensor networks
• Investigation of microscale heat transfer phenomena in advanced cooling technologies
• Design and optimization of advanced composite materials for aerospace applications
• Development of bio-inspired materials for impact-resistant structures
• Exploration of advanced manufacturing techniques for producing complex geometries in aerospace components
• Integration of artificial intelligence algorithms for predictive maintenance in rotating machinery
• Design and optimization of advanced robotics systems for industrial automation
• Investigation of friction and wear behavior in advanced lubricants for high-speed applications
• Development of smart materials for adaptive structures and morphing aircraft wings
• Exploration of advanced control strategies for active vibration damping in mechanical systems
• Design and analysis of advanced wind turbine blade designs for improved energy capture
• Investigation of thermal management solutions for electric vehicle batteries
• Development of advanced sensors for real-time monitoring of structural health in civil infrastructure
• Optimization of additive manufacturing processes for producing high-performance metallic components
• Investigation of advanced corrosion-resistant coatings for marine applications
• Design and analysis of advanced hydraulic systems for heavy-duty machinery
• Exploration of advanced filtration technologies for water purification and wastewater treatment
• Development of advanced prosthetic limbs with biomimetic functionalities
• Investigation of microscale fluid flow phenomena in lab-on-a-chip devices for medical diagnostics
• Optimization of heat transfer in microscale heat exchangers for cooling electronics
• Development of advanced energy-efficient HVAC systems for buildings
• Exploration of advanced propulsion systems for space exploration missions
• Investigation of advanced control algorithms for autonomous vehicles in complex environments
• Development of advanced surgical robots for minimally invasive procedures
• Optimization of advanced suspension systems for improving vehicle ride comfort and handling
• Investigation of advanced materials for 3D printing in aerospace manufacturing
• Development of advanced thermal barrier coatings for gas turbine engines
• Exploration of advanced wear-resistant coatings for cutting tools in machining applications
• Investigation of advanced nanofluids for enhanced heat transfer in cooling applications
• Development of advanced biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
• Exploration of advanced actuators for soft robotics applications
• Investigation of advanced energy storage systems for grid-scale applications
• Development of advanced rehabilitation devices for individuals with mobility impairments
• Exploration of advanced materials for earthquake-resistant building structures
• Investigation of advanced aerodynamic concepts for reducing drag and improving fuel efficiency in vehicles
• Development of advanced microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) for biomedical applications
• Exploration of advanced control strategies for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)
• Investigation of advanced materials for lightweight armor systems
• Development of advanced prosthetic interfaces for improving user comfort and functionality
• Exploration of advanced algorithms for autonomous navigation of underwater vehicles
• Investigation of advanced sensors for detecting and monitoring air pollution
• Development of advanced energy harvesting systems for powering wireless sensor networks
• Exploration of advanced concepts for next-generation space propulsion systems.

Mechanical engineering research encompasses a wide range of topics, from fundamental principles to cutting-edge technologies and interdisciplinary applications. By choosing the right mechanical engineering research topics and addressing key challenges, researchers can contribute to advancements in various industries and address pressing global issues. As we look to the future, the possibilities for innovation and discovery in mechanical engineering are endless, offering exciting opportunities to shape a better world for generations to come.

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Top 50 Emerging Research Topics in Mechanical Engineering

Explore the forefront of innovation in mechanical engineering

Table of contents

1. additive manufacturing and 3d printing, 2. advanced materials and nanotechnology, 3. robotics and automation, 4. energy systems and sustainability, 5. biomechanics and bioengineering, 6. computational mechanics and simulation, 7. aerospace engineering and aerodynamics, 8. autonomous vehicles and transportation, 9. structural health monitoring and maintenance, 10. manufacturing processes and industry 4.0, top 50 emerging research ideas in mechanical engineering.

Mechanical engineering is a constantly evolving field that shapes our world, from the micro-scale of nanotechnology to the macro-scale of heavy machinery. With technological advancements and societal demands driving innovation, numerous emerging research topics are gaining traction in the domain of mechanical engineering. These areas encompass a wide array of disciplines, promising groundbreaking developments and solutions to complex challenges. Here, iLovePhD presents you a list of the top 50 emerging research topics in the field of Mechanical Engineering.

Explore the forefront of innovation in mechanical engineering with our curated list of the Top 50 Emerging Research Topics. From 3D printing to AI-driven robotics, delve into the latest trends shaping the future of this dynamic field

Multi-Material 3D Printing: Explore techniques for printing with multiple materials in a single process to create complex, multi-functional parts.

In-Situ Monitoring and Control: Develop methods for real-time monitoring and control of the printing process to ensure quality and accuracy.

Bio-printing : Investigate the potential of 3D printing in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Sustainable Materials for Printing : Research new eco-friendly materials and recycling methods for additive manufacturing.

Nanostructured Materials: Study the properties and applications of materials at the nanoscale level for enhanced mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties.

Self-Healing Materials: Explore materials that can repair damage autonomously, extending the lifespan of components.

Graphene-based Technologies: Investigate the potential of graphene in mechanical engineering, including its use in composites, sensors, and energy storage.

Smart Materials: Research materials that can adapt their properties in response to environmental stimuli, such as shape memory alloys.

Soft Robotics: Explore the development of robots using soft and flexible materials, enabling safer human-robot interactions and versatile applications.

Collaborative Robots (Cobots ): Investigate the integration of robots that can work alongside humans in various industries, enhancing productivity and safety.

Autonomous Systems: Research algorithms and systems for autonomous navigation and decision-making in robotic applications.

Robot Learning and Adaptability: Explore machine learning and AI techniques to enable robots to learn and adapt to dynamic environments.

Renewable Energy Integration: Study the integration of renewable energy sources into mechanical systems, focusing on efficiency and reliability.

Energy Storage Solutions: Investigate advanced energy storage technologies, such as batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells for various applications.

Waste Heat Recovery: Research methods to efficiently capture and utilize waste heat from industrial processes for energy generation.

Sustainable Design and Manufacturing: Explore methodologies for sustainable product design and manufacturing processes to minimize environmental impact.

Prosthetics and Orthotics: Develop advanced prosthetic devices that mimic natural movement and enhance the quality of life for users.

Biomimicry: Study natural systems to inspire engineering solutions for various applications, such as materials, structures, and robotics.

Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: Explore methods for creating functional tissues and organs using engineering principles.

Biomechanics of Human Movement: Research the mechanics and dynamics of human movement to optimize sports performance or prevent injuries.

Multi-scale Modelling: Develop models that span multiple length and time scales to simulate complex mechanical behaviors accurately.

High-Performance Computing in Mechanics: Explore the use of supercomputing and parallel processing for large-scale simulations.

Virtual Prototyping: Develop and validate virtual prototypes to reduce physical testing in product development.

Machine Learning in Simulation: Explore the use of machine learning algorithms to optimize simulations and model complex behaviors.

Advanced Aircraft Design: Investigate novel designs that enhance fuel efficiency, reduce emissions, and improve performance.

Hypersonic Flight and Space Travel: Research technologies for hypersonic and space travel, focusing on propulsion and thermal management.

Aerodynamics and Flow Control: Study methods to control airflow for improved efficiency and reduced drag in various applications.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): Explore applications and technologies for unmanned aerial vehicles, including surveillance, delivery, and agriculture.

Vehicular Automation: Develop systems for autonomous vehicles, focusing on safety, decision-making, and infrastructure integration.

Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: Investigate advanced technologies for electric and hybrid vehicles, including energy management and charging infrastructure.

Smart Traffic Management: Research systems and algorithms for optimizing traffic flow and reducing congestion in urban areas.

Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communication: Explore communication systems for vehicles to interact with each other and with the surrounding infrastructure for enhanced safety and efficiency.

Sensor Technologies: Develop advanced sensors for real-time monitoring of structural health in buildings, bridges, and infrastructure.

Predictive Maintenance: Implement predictive algorithms to anticipate and prevent failures in mechanical systems before they occur.

Wireless Monitoring Systems: Research wireless and remote monitoring systems for structural health, enabling continuous surveillance.

Robotic Inspection and Repair: Investigate robotic systems for inspection and maintenance of hard-to-reach or hazardous structures.

Digital Twin Technology: Develop and implement digital twins for real-time monitoring and optimization of manufacturing processes.

Internet of Things (IoT) in Manufacturing: Explore IoT applications in manufacturing for process optimization and quality control.

Smart Factories: Research the development of interconnected, intelligent factories that optimize production and resource usage.

Cybersecurity in Manufacturing: Investigate robust Cybersecurity measures for safeguarding interconnected manufacturing systems from potential threats.

• Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing: Exploring novel materials, processes, and applications for 3D printing in manufacturing, aerospace, healthcare, etc.
• Advanced Composite Materials: Developing lightweight, durable, and high-strength composite materials for various engineering applications.
• Biomechanics and Bioengineering: Research focusing on understanding human movement, tissue engineering, and biomedical devices.
• Renewable Energy Systems: Innovations in wind, solar, and hydrokinetic energy, including optimization of energy generation and storage.
• Smart Materials and Structures: Research on materials that can adapt their properties in response to environmental stimuli.
• Robotics and Automation: Enhancing automation in manufacturing, including collaborative robots, AI-driven systems, and human-robot interaction.
• Energy Harvesting and Conversion: Extracting energy from various sources and converting it efficiently for practical use.
• Micro- and Nano-mechanics: Studying mechanical behavior at the micro and nanoscale for miniaturized devices and systems.
• Cyber-Physical Systems: Integration of computational algorithms and physical processes to create intelligent systems.
• Industry 4.0 and Internet of Things (IoT): Utilizing IoT and data analytics in manufacturing for predictive maintenance, quality control, and process optimization.
• Thermal Management Systems: Developing efficient cooling and heating technologies for electronic devices and power systems.
• Sustainable Manufacturing and Design: Focus on reducing environmental impact and improving efficiency in manufacturing processes.
• Artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Systems: Applying AI for design optimization, predictive maintenance, and decision-making in mechanical systems.
• Adaptive Control Systems: Systems that can autonomously adapt to changing conditions for improved performance.
• Friction Stir Welding and Processing: Advancements in solid-state joining processes for various materials.
• Hybrid and Electric Vehicles: Research on improving efficiency, battery technology, and infrastructure for electric vehicles.
• Aeroelasticity and Flight Dynamics: Understanding the interaction between aerodynamics and structural dynamics for aerospace applications.
• MEMS/NEMS (Micro/Nano-Electro-Mechanical Systems): Developing tiny mechanical devices and sensors for various applications.
• Soft Robotics and Bio-inspired Machines: Creating robots and machines with more flexible and adaptive structures.
• Wearable Technology and Smart Fabrics: Integration of mechanical systems in wearable devices and textiles for various purposes.
• Human-Machine Interface: Designing intuitive interfaces for better interaction between humans and machines.
• Precision Engineering and Metrology: Advancements in accurate measurement and manufacturing techniques.
• Multifunctional Materials: Materials designed to serve multiple purposes or functions in various applications.
• Ergonomics and Human Factors in Design: Creating products and systems considering human comfort, safety, and usability.
• Cybersecurity in Mechanical Systems: Protecting interconnected mechanical systems from cyber threats.
• Supply Chain Optimization in Manufacturing: Applying engineering principles to streamline and improve supply chain logistics.
• Drones and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): Research on their design, propulsion, autonomy, and applications in various industries.
• Resilient and Sustainable Infrastructure: Developing infrastructure that can withstand natural disasters and environmental changes.
• Space Exploration Technologies: Advancements in propulsion, materials, and systems for space missions.
• Hydrogen Economy and Fuel Cells: Research into hydrogen-based energy systems and fuel cell technology.
• Tribology and Surface Engineering: Study of friction, wear, and lubrication for various mechanical systems.
• Digital Twin Technology: Creating virtual models of physical systems for analysis and optimization.
• Electric Propulsion Systems for Satellites: Improving efficiency and performance of electric propulsion for space applications.
• Humanitarian Engineering: Using engineering to address societal challenges in resource-constrained areas.
• Optimization and Design of Exoskeletons: Creating better wearable robotic devices to assist human movement.
• Nanotechnology in Mechanical Engineering: Utilizing nanomaterials and devices for mechanical applications.
• Microfluidics and Lab-on-a-Chip Devices: Developing small-scale fluid-handling devices for various purposes.
• Clean Water Technologies: Engineering solutions for clean water production, treatment, and distribution.
• Circular Economy and Sustainable Design: Designing products and systems for a circular economic model.
• Biologically Inspired Design: Drawing inspiration from nature to design more efficient and sustainable systems.
• Energy-Efficient HVAC Systems: Innovations in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning for energy savings.
• Advanced Heat Exchangers: Developing more efficient heat transfer systems for various applications.
• Acoustic Metamaterials and Noise Control: Designing materials and systems to control and manipulate sound.
• Smart Grid Technology: Integrating advanced technologies into power grids for efficiency and reliability.
• Renewable Energy Integration in Mechanical Systems: Optimizing the integration of renewable energy sources into various mechanical systems.
• Smart Cities and Infrastructure: Applying mechanical engineering principles to design and develop sustainable urban systems.
• Biomimetic Engineering: Mimicking biological systems to develop innovative engineering solutions.
• Machine Learning for Materials Discovery: Using machine learning to discover new materials with desired properties.
• Health Monitoring Systems for Structures: Developing systems for real-time monitoring of structural health and integrity.
• Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) in Mechanical Design: Utilizing VR and AR technologies for design, simulation, and maintenance of mechanical systems.

Mechanical engineering is a vast and dynamic field with ongoing technological advancements, and the above list represents a glimpse of the diverse research areas that drive innovation. Researchers and engineers in this field continue to push boundaries, solving complex problems and shaping the future of technology and society through their pioneering work. The evolution and interdisciplinary nature of mechanical engineering ensure that new and exciting research topics will continue to emerge, providing solutions to challenges and opportunities yet to be discovered.

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Mechanical Engineering

Research papers/topics in mechanical engineering, basic principle of machining and arc welding.

ABSTRACT This project tittle ‘’basic principle of machining’’ deal with the operations on lathe, milling and some part of arc welding, turning, taper turning, threading, knurling and chamfering, while on milling machine spur Gears were cut, forming a hexagon shape and square shape were all done on milling machine. A simple component/part which contained all the above mention operation were produced in one work piece. In conclusion we are able to produce spurs gears, square thread, an...

Design and Development of a Hybrid Bicycle

This project involved the conversion of a conventional bicycle into an electric hybrid bicycle using a hub motor, battery, controller, throttle, and battery indicator. The selection of a flywheel-based regenerative mechanism was justified based on its superior energy storage capabilities. The challenges faced during the assembly, including bearing and clutch drive iterations, were overcome through the use of multiple bearings, metal casting, and welding. The implementation of an indirect...

Multi-function e-scarecrow (MFeSC)

Humans have taken the (scarecrow) as a protector for these crops from the birds. There are various different types and designs for the scarecrows around the world. In this project we will develop the traditional scarecrows to become electronic and do more than one function at the same time (Multi-functions mechanism) .The (MFESC) consists of several components, the most important of them is the sensor, which performs many functions, including sensing the presence of birds’ sounds, as well a...

How Mechanical Engineering can Proffer Solution to the Economic and Political Situation in Nigeria

TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive summary ………………………………………………… 1.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………… 1.2 An overview of engineering ………………………………… ………. 1.3 Brief Overview of Mechanical engineering …………………………... 1.4 Who is an engineer ………………………………………………….….. 1.5 Economic situation in Nigeria …………………………�...

The Process Passed Through in the Production of Marble through Different Species.

CASE STUDY: ONSHORE FRONTIER LIMITED ❖Marble ❖The process passed through in the production of marble times through different species. AND Machines and processes involved in the production of marble tiles.

Optimize the Operational Parameters through Simulation to Increase the Efficiency of Combined Cycle Power Plants

ABSTRACT  Electric power generation is one of the important factors for the development of peoples and can take an advantage of energy extraction technology of combined cycle in Sudan, which is highly effective in the States instead of remote power generation and combined cycle power plant also be economically feasible for use in sugar refineries in Sudan. . The purpose of this study is to find the maximum efficiency and minimum cost of power generation in combined cycle power plant by simul...

Design Analysis of HCCI Engine Piston

The piston is a heart of the engine and its working condition is the most exceedingly bad one of the key parts of the engine in the workplace. A piston is a segment of responding piston, responding pumps, gas compressors and pneumatic chambers, among other comparative systems. It is the moving part that is contained by a barrel and is made gas-tight by piston rings. In a piston, its motivation is to exchange force from growing gas in the barrel to the crankshaft through a piston bar and addit...

Energy and Exergy Analysis of Boiler Systems

ABSTRACT  In this work, the results of the analysis of the NBC boiler plant using energetic and exergetic methods are presented. The main aim of this study is to investigate the effects of boiler rotary burner cup speed, oil nozzle size, excess air and fuel types on its performance and emissions with a view to identifying and quantifying components having greatest losses of energy and exergy efficiencies. Optimization of the boiler operating system is also carried out. The specific objective...

Exergetic Efficiency of Passive Solar Air Heater with Phase Change Energy Storage Material

ABSTRACT  Energy and exergy analysis of solar air heater with phase change material energy storage is considered in this research work. Energy and exergy models for component systems like flat plate solar collector and phase change material in one-dimensional heat conduction in a cylindrical pipe, for storing periods were obtained. Exergy analysis, which is based on the second law of thermodynamics, and energy analysis, which is based on first law, was applied to improve system efficiency. M...

Fracture Mechanics of Glass Fibre Reinforced Polyester Composites (Gfrp) Subjected to Impact Load

ABSTRACT Glass mat reinforcement, which can be easily shattered, is widely used across the world in military, automobile, civil, railway and electronic engineering among others. This research investigated the fracture mechanics of reinforced polyester composites on exposure to sudden impact force, using experimental and analytical methods based on impact and Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) test procedures, to study the stress distribution around crack tip and zone. Plies of randomly...

Use of Finite Time Thermodynamic Simulation of Performance of an Otto Cycle with Variable Specific Heats of Working Fluid

Abstract  A finite time thermodynamic modelling and simulation of irreversible Otto cycle engines has been developed taking into account the variability of specific heats for working fluid due to temperature variation. The effect of three different parameters on the engine was discussed, which are: the internal irreversibility, the heat losses and the friction losses. A program was developed by using MATLAB software to perform the necessary calculations of thermodynamic model. According to t...

Effect of Delay Period on Performance of Compression Engine Running on Jatropha Fuel

Abstract Jatropha Biodiesel was tested in a single cylinder direct-injection, water cooled diesel engine to investigate the operational parameters of a small capacity diesel engine under five engine loads, constant speed test. The jatropha oil is used as a non edible oil to produce the biodiesel. The investigated blends were B0, B25, B50, B75 and B100, where (B#) denotes bio-diesel fuel volume percentage in diesel oil. The jatropha biodiesel was prepared locally in Sudan, specifications of wh...

Design and Construction of a Machine for the Production of Pulverized Coal-Rice Husk Briquettes

ABSTRACT The first part was the design and construction of a machine model using wood and the second part w pulverized coal-rice husk briquettes. The dt find the different loads due to shear stress on varlous parts or the nlachlne as the materials flow during consolidation. The loads obtained were used to dimension gears, shafts and pulleys that form the power transmission system of the machine. The machine was then drawn to produce a detail dimensional model in software form using AutoCAD. A...

Optimum Buckling Response Model of Grp Composites

ABSTRACT Relevant literature for the modeling and analysis of failure of GRP composites were reviewed. Samples of GRP composites were prepared by hand-lay up. Composites samples were subjected to compressive tests using a tensometer. Mechanical characteristics, such as modulus of elasticity; compressive strength, proportionality limit, elastic limit and critical strain of composites were evaluated from compression tests results. It was found that the compressive strength of all the samples is...

Improvement of the Performance of Thermal Power Systems Through Energy and Exergy Analysis

ABSTRACT This research work is aimed at using the energy and exergy analysis with thermodynamic data to suggest improvements in the performance of steam and gas turbine power plants. In this regard, specific data from Egbin steam power plant and Geregu I gas turbine power plant were used for the analysis. In the analysis, scientific tools such as Engineering Equation Solver (EES) programme with built-in functions for most thermodynamic and transport properties was used to calculate the enthal...

Mechanical Engineering is branch of engineering that deals with the design, construction, and use of machines Afribary curates list of academic papers and project topics in Mechanical Engineering. You can browse mechanical engineering project topics, mechanical engineering seminar topics, mechanical engineering thesis, Assignments, Termpapers etc

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Mechanical Engineering Education and Career Research Paper

Training and education, works cited.

There are so many parts or specialties for the field of engineering. This is attributed to the large size of the word engineering, or in better words, because of the large number of the fields that engineering discusses or works on. One of the engineering specialties is Mechanical Engineering or as it is called “The engineering Joker”. The name was referred to mechanical engineering because the mechanical engineer can work everywhere.

As such, mechanical engineering is a branch of engineering that uses material science and various principles of physics in analyzing, designing, production, and safeguarding the mechanical system in an industry. In this research, I will talk about what is mechanical engineering, what will the students study in that field of engineering, and where those students can work after finishing their studies (Rajput 56).

According to the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET), the term engineering can be defined as the profession in which knowledge resting on the natural sciences and mathematics are achieved through the process of educational studies. This process is also geared towards the practice and gain of experience necessary in the development of the ways and means of economically utilizing the natural forces and materials in order to benefit human generation.

There are several branches of engineering in the current society. These include aspects like the electrical and electronics engineering, civil engineering, telecommunication engineering, software engineering, mechanical engineering, energy engineering among others. For the purpose of this analysis, I will only dwell on the issues bordering the mechanical engineering course and profession (Webster 234).

Mechanical engineering is the profession that deals with the application of mathematical procedures in the development and accreditation of machines, which could be used to better the lives of mankind. Mechanical engineering has impacted the society in various ways. Economic development of a nation relies extensively on the field of engineering. Since 1700, engineering legends have seen a massive development in the field of mechanical engineering (Rajan 67).

The civil engineering field encompasses a broad spectrum of specialties and also subspecialties. It involves proficiency in transportation, environmental services, water resources, and sewerage, structural and technical design. Engineering legends include, among them, remarkable individual persons from a wide social stratum and from different world horizons. They not only left a landmark in the engineering field but also profoundly influenced their communities and largely the civil engineering industry.

For an individual to attain the mechanical engineering profession, he or she must have at least a bachelor’s degree in this field. It takes about four to five years to obtain this degree. The programs in the system include the formal classes coupled with the work experiences. The engineers are encouraged to impregnate their degrees with other formal courses like the business administration in order to function well in the field.

The engineers are always in constant education process so as to further their expertise and to be in proper and accurate position in the ever changing or transforming the world of technological advancements. They must possess an engineering license from the local engineering body in order to be allowed to practice the profession. Ideally, mechanical engineering is demanding, in terms of money and time, and individuals always avoid the course. As such, there are few mechanical engineers in the society.

There are several examples of inspiring and admirable mechanical engineers in the field. For example, Benjamin Wright was born in Wethersfield within Connecticut on the 10th October 1770 just prior to the American Revolution. The family then moved to Rome in the upstate New York where his father did some farming. In Rome, he decided to take up surveying. This gave him the attributes of being extremely accurate, honest and reliable. At 24, William Weston hired him to carry out surveys on the canals, which would later become the complex network of the Erie Canal. During this period, Wright was elected to the New York Legislature due to his unquestionable leadership qualities (Fogiel 98).

He made his triumphant entry into the engineering field when he supervised the construction of the canal between Schuylkill and the Susquehana Rivers. He brought in a new technology involving the Troughton—which is a collection of instruments that could offer highly sophisticated results in the engineering and surveying field. He later moved on to develop the Sex Canal which connected Boston and Lowell. This canal had 20 locks, 50 bridges and 7 aqueducts. Weston was again hired to carry out surveys on other several canal projects. This he did with Wright as his immediate assistant. They began with the connection between Mohawk and Wood Creek. By 1978, several boats could move up and down the Mohawk River, and this was because they had built several canals.

Under his leadership, Wright produced a number of marvelous engineers in the field. These included, but not limited to, the following: Canvass White of 1790 to 1834 and James Geddes of 1763 to 1838. White travelled to the overseas in 1817 and developed several canals in Europe. He is the gentleman who researched the Europe’s under water applications for the Portland cement industry. He returned to America with lots of expertise, and a number of complex and efficient surveying instruments from the Great Britain. He also championed the development and invention of waterproof, hydraulic cement which he produced from Limestone. Wight developed Union, Raritan and Delaware canals in his lifetime. He later became the president of Cohoes Company, which dealt in water power.

After the Erie project, Wright still soldiered on to engineer and consults a series of projects in the country. He engaged himself in the early developments of the railroads in the country. At this capacity, he became the chief engineer of Chesapeake and Ohio canals of 1828 to 1831. Another project was the St. Lawrence Ship Canal of 1832. Among the railroads he developed include the New York and Erie railroad of 1833 and the Tioga and Chemung railroad in 1836. His assistant during these projects was the young energetic, Charles Ellet, of 1810 to 1862. He became the first American to design the wire cable suspension bridge (Boyer and Dubowfsky 45).

He was named the American Brunel due to his contributions to the bridge construction industry. In the event of crowning up his career, Wright served both as an engineer and Street commissioner in the city of New York—this was during the 1830’s. He retired at the age of seventy. In collaboration with the Erie Canal, he established the Erie School of Engineers which brought life to every town and also the entire Nation cum the world (Webster 234).

Boyer, Paul and Dubofsky, Melvyn. The Oxford Companion to United States History . London: Oxford University Press, 2001. Print.

Fogiel, Max. Mechanical Engineering Handbook, New York: Gale Group, 1998. Print.

Rajan, Sylvester. Basic Mechanical Engineering, London: Oxford University Press, 2007. Print.

Rajput, Rodger. Comprehensive Basic Mechanical Engineering, London: Oxford University Press, 2005. Print

Webster, Valerie. Awards, Honors & Prizes: International and Foreign, New York: Gale Group, 1999. Print.

• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2024, January 24). Mechanical Engineering Education and Career. https://ivypanda.com/essays/mechanical-engineering-education-and-career/

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1. IvyPanda . "Mechanical Engineering Education and Career." January 24, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/mechanical-engineering-education-and-career/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "Mechanical Engineering Education and Career." January 24, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/mechanical-engineering-education-and-career/.

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