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Are you about to start college soon? Are you wondering what changes to expect? How is college different from high school? When you compare high school vs college, you'll find many differences, some of which are obvious, others less so.

It's important to understand how high school and college are different from each other so you know what to expect and can have a smoother transition when you begin college. In this guide, we explain the 15 most important differences between high school and college and give you tips to help make this major life change a bit less intimidating.

How Is College Different From High School?

There's a reason so many movies, shows, and books focus on new college students: many people see the transition from high school to college as one of the most important turning points in their life. You're no longer a kid living under your parents' roof; instead you're an adult living on your own and expected to make real, important decisions about your future.

You'll have a lot more freedom, but a lot will also be expected from you, both in class and out. Read on to learn specific high school vs college differences.

Below are 15 high school vs college differences you'll likely encounter once you begin college. There are pros and cons to both high school and college, but knowing what to expect will make you better prepared for this big change.

#1: You'll Have More Independence

The biggest change for high school vs. college is that, in college, you'll have much more independence than you had in high school. Many people focus on the fact that you'll be living away from your parents, and this is a part of it, but you'll have independence in many other areas as well.

You'll have the freedom to decide what you want to major in, which classes you want to take, when you want to schedule those classes, if you want to go out with your friends, how late you want to stay out, even what you want to eat in the dining hall. (I ate Reese's Puffs cereal every day for four years because my parents never allowed it and I was thrilled to finally be able to have it for breakfast.)

#2: You'll Be Treated Like an Adult

Along with your increased independence, you'll also be treated like an adult in college as opposed to a child under your parents' care. In college, you'll no longer need to bring your parents permission slips to sign, you'll be trusted to make your own choices for what you want to study, and you can arrange meetings yourself, without Mom and Dad helping you.

For many students, it's exciting to finally be viewed as an adult, but it also means an increase in responsibilities. If you have a problem with or question about homework, classes, a grade you got, etc., you are the one who will need to solve it. You can't expect your parents to call the school and fix the problem for you like they may have done in high school.

#3: There Will Be a Wider Variety of Classes to Choose From

In high school, you didn't have a lot of choice in regards to which classes you took. You could probably choose a few electives , but your schedule was mostly filled with the standard math, science, English, and social studies requirements that all students had to take.

In college, even if you attend a smaller school, you'll have many more options. They'll be a wider variety of classes to choose from , and many of them will focus on more specific topics like astronomy, ancient Roman history, French literature, the geography of the United States, and more. Many college students like this increase in class options since it makes it easier for them to choose classes on topics they're really interested in.

#4: Classes Will Have Different Formats and Sizes

Each class you took in high school probably had about the same number of students and consisted mostly of lecturing, maybe along with some individual or group work. This isn't true in college. Classes can range from two to 500 students, and their format can vary widely as well. Classes may be completely lecture-based, require hands-on lab work, or be discussion-based where you spend most of class time engaged in conversations or debates with your classmates and professor.

#5: Your Schedule Will Be More Complicated

In high school, school started and ended the same time every day, and your class schedule was probably the same for every day of the week. In college, things get a little trickier. Some classes meet three times a week for an hour and a half, some meet five times a week for an hour, some meet once a week for three hours, etc. This means you'll likely be starting and ending class at different times during the week, and you may end up with a different class schedule for every day of the week.

Some people like the variety this gives them, but it's important to stay on top of your schedule so you don't wind up forgetting to attend class.

#6: You'll Have a New Set of Classmates

One of the most jarring things for many new college students is they're no longer surrounded by classmates and friends they've known for years. Instead, you'll be in a sea of strangers (at least at first), many of whom come from different areas and backgrounds than you. Additionally, you'll likely have a different set of classmates for each of your classes. That's a lot of new faces!

This means you have lots of opportunity for making all kinds of friends, but expect there to be some awkwardness and loneliness at first as everyone gets to know each other and figures out their friend groups. Additionally, since in college everyone wants to be there (at least on some level), you may find your college classmates more motivated and dedicated to doing well in school compared to some of your high school peers.

#7: Classes Will Require More Critical Thinking

Is college hard compared to high school? Going to college isn't just like attending four more years of high school. This is a big step up in your education, and your classes will be more challenging and expect you to keep up. You'll be tested less on memorization and basic regurgitation of facts and more on critical thinking skills and being able to apply what you learned in class to other situations.

You may learn a specific math equation and then be asked to apply that knowledge to more challenging types of equations, learn about different historical events and be asked to analyze how they affected future events, learn a scientific process and be asked to describe how it affects the environment, etc.

#8: College Costs More

There's no way around it; c ollege definitely costs more than high school. Tuition is thousands of dollars, and you'll likely be paying for room and board as well. And those are just the main costs. College requires all sorts of smaller purchases too, like special goggles for your chemistry lab or official test taking booklets for final exams. Buying just one college textbook (often over $100) is enough to never let you take for granted all free materials you got in high school.

#9: You'll Spend Less Time in Class

Most full-time college students spend about 15-20 hours in class a week, which comes out to about three or four hours a day. This is probably much less time than you spent in high school classes every day which means you'll have a lot more unscheduled time to spend how you think is best.

#10: You'll Have More Schoolwork

Don't get too excited about spending less time in class; college definitely knows how to keep you busy. The general rule of thumb is that you'll spend about three hours a week on schoolwork for every one hour of class you're in.

With a standard schedule of 15 credits, that means you can expect to spend 45 hours a week on schoolwork, about as much as a full-time job! This is often much more work than students had in high school, so you should be prepared for an adjustment.

#11: Attendance Will Be Up to You

In high school, you had to go to class every day because if you didn't, you could get in trouble for truancy or (sometimes even more frightening) your parents could find out. In college, there are no requirements for attending class, and no one is going to call your parents if you don't show up. However, don't make the mistake some college students do and think this means you don't need to go to class.

Many professors include attendance as part of your grade, and some will even fail you if you miss a certain number of classes without a valid excuse. Plus, it's often very difficult to do well in a class if you never show up, and you're paying a lot of money for these classes! Make sure you get the most out of them that you can.

#12: You'll Have More Social Opportunities

Even if you were a social butterfly in high school, you'll have tons more opportunities to be social and make friends in college. There will be sports teams to join, parties to go to, clubs you can be part of, and more. Most colleges are large enough to have something for everyone, so you're bound to find an activity you're interested in, whether that's a recreational hockey team, the student government group, a club focused on promoting renewable energy, and more.

There are also likely many more students at your college than there were at your high school, so your opportunities for making friends will multiply as well. However, you do need to make an effort to get the most out of these opportunities. Push yourself to try new things and strike up conversations with new people, and if you're feeling nervous, just remember that they're likely feeling the same way. Standard questions to ask new people you meet in college include: Where are you from? What dorm do you live in? What are you majoring in? Get ready to ask and be asked these questions a lot!

#13: It'll Be Harder to Stand Out

Once you start college, you won't be a big fish in a small pond anymore, and it'll be harder to stand out from the crowd. While in high school you may have been the star student/athlete/singer, in college you'll be surrounded by many talented classmates, many of whom were also the best at something in high school. Some students struggle with no longer automatically standing out, but there are plenty of benefits to this.

First, you'll be able to bond with other students who are also skilled at your talent. If you were, say, the star drama student at your high school, you may not hold the same position in college, but you can befriend all the other high school drama stars and create some awesome shows together.

Additionally, some students like the anonymity being a new college student brings. If you've been labelled as a jock or theater nerd for all of high school, going to college--where people don't know you--allows you to shed or alter that identity if you wish and try new things (or try the same things with less pressure).

#14: You'll Get Fewer Grades in Class

In high school, you probably had daily homework assignments you had to complete and got a grade for. These, along with some larger projects, quizzes, and tests made up your final class grade. If you got a low score in one, it was usually fine since there were plenty of other chances to make up for the low grade.

Once you start college, you may find that many classes have far fewer assignments, meaning you'll receive fewer grades and each of those grades are worth more. Instead of regular homework assignments and quizzes, many college classes are based only on a midterm grade and a final grade. This means you need to take those exams/papers/projects very seriously because if you mess up on one of them it'll be very hard to raise your class grade back to where you want it to be.

#15: You'll Be Doing Lots of Reading

You know those pictures of exhausted-looking students sitting next to a pile of textbooks they need to get through? That's how many college students feel. Expect to do lots of reading in college, including textbooks, journal articles, and literature. If you're majoring in a field like computer science or math you can expect less reading (and more homework), but you're still guaranteed to have at least a few classes where you're assigned to read a couple dozen textbook pages before the next class. You'll get to know your school's library very well.

Tips for Making the Transition From High School to College

Going from high school to college can be tough no matter how excited you are to start at your new school. Below are three tips to help make the transition easier.

Know There Will Be Changes

You've already taken one of the most important steps to prepare for transitioning from high school to college: you're expecting and preparing for the differences. When you know that the high school to college transition will bring major changes, you'll be more prepared for anything that comes your way.

Be Prepared for Some Bumps

Many movies about college make it seem like new college students immediately find a group of close friends, know exactly what they want to study, and have an awesome social life. In reality, it rarely works like this. Many new college students have moments where they feel awkward, lonely, and homesick. This is completely normal; after all you're making a major life change.

By managing your expectations of college and not expecting to love it right away, you can better manage the transition from high school to college and not end up disappointed when it takes a little while to feel comfortable.

Put Yourself Out There

When you first start college, there will be a lot of changes, and it'll be easy to hang out in your dorm room and text with your high school friends. However, you should resist this urge.

College is probably the best time you'll ever have to meet new people and try new things, so you should take full advantage. Keep your dorm room door open to meet your neighbors. Strike up a conversation with your chemistry lab partner. Join a club or sport you've never tried before. Not only will this make the transition from high school to college easier since you'll be meeting more people, you may discover a new friend or hobby.

What's Next?

Not sure which college you want to go to? Check out our guide on choosing the right college so you can make the best decision.

Stressing over college applications? We're here to help! Our step-by-step guide breaks down the complete college application process from start to finish.

Worried about choosing a major on your college applications? Learn how to navigate the process and make an informed decision.

Christine graduated from Michigan State University with degrees in Environmental Biology and Geography and received her Master's from Duke University. In high school she scored in the 99th percentile on the SAT and was named a National Merit Finalist. She has taught English and biology in several countries.

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High School vs. College: Contrasts and Comparisons

• October 26, 2023
• Office of Outreach and Relationships

High school and college have distinct differences and similarities that shape students’ academic and social experiences. From the structure of the education system to the level of independence and responsibilities , navigating the transition from high school to college can be challenging. This article will explore the key contrasts and comparisons between high school and college life based on factual data from various sources.

General Differences between High School and College

High school and college have several fundamental differences that shape the experiences of students. One of the most significant differences is the mandatory nature of high school education compared to the voluntary nature of college education. In high school, education is mandatory and typically provided free of charge. However, college education is voluntary and often comes with a significant financial cost.

Mandatory vs. Voluntary Education

In high school, students have their time and schedules structured by others, such as teachers and parents. They follow a predetermined curriculum and have limited flexibility in choosing their classes. On the other hand, college students have greater autonomy and responsibility for managing their time and selecting their courses. They have the freedom to create their schedules based on their academic and personal goals.

Structured Time vs. Self-Management

Another key difference between high school and college is the level of structure in students’ daily lives. In high school, students have a set schedule with fixed class times and designated breaks. They are guided by teachers and parents in how to manage their time effectively. In contrast, college students have more flexibility in managing their time. They have different class schedules and breaks between classes, allowing them to allocate time for studying , extracurricular activities, and personal commitments.

Overall, the transition from high school to college involves a shift from mandatory education to voluntary education and from structured time to self-management. This transition can be challenging for students, as they navigate the newfound independence and responsibilities that come with college life.

Identifying and Disclosing a Disability: High School vs College

One of the major differences between high school and college is how disabilities are identified and disclosed. In high school, education is considered a right, and it is the responsibility of the school district to identify students with disabilities. Individualized Education Plans ( IEPs ) are developed to provide necessary supports and services to these students. However, in college, education is not a right, and students must take the initiative to self-identify to Disability Services.

In high school, the process of identifying a student’s disability is usually initiated by teachers, parents, or school counselors. The student may undergo assessments and evaluation to determine their eligibility for special education services. Once the disability is identified, an IEP is created, outlining the accommodations and support the student needs to succeed academically. These services are typically provided at no cost to the student.

On the other hand, in college, students are responsible for identifying and disclosing their disabilities to the appropriate office or department on campus, often called Disability Services or Accessibility Services. Students must provide appropriate documentation of their disability to support their request for accommodations. Unlike in high school, college does not have special education programs, and no fundamental alterations of program or curricula are required. Instead, colleges provide reasonable accommodations to ensure equal access to education.

Documentation and Support in College

When disclosing a disability in college, students need to provide documentation from a qualified professional, such as a medical doctor or licensed psychologist. This documentation should include a diagnosis, a description of the functional limitations caused by the disability, and recommendations for appropriate accommodations. It is important for students to understand that college disability offices may have specific guidelines and requirements for documentation, so it is crucial to familiarize themselves with these guidelines before seeking accommodations.

It is worth noting that while students with physical or medical disabilities may require specific accommodations, such as accessible classrooms or housing arrangements, colleges generally do not provide personal services, such as personal aides or attendants. Instead, colleges focus on providing academic accommodations, such as extended time for exams, note-taking support, or assistive technology, to ensure that students with disabilities have an equal opportunity to succeed academically.

Tests: High School vs College

When it comes to testing, high school and college have distinct differences in terms of frequency, makeup tests , and review sessions . In high school, testing is frequent and covers smaller amounts of material. Teachers often provide makeup tests for students who were absent or need a second chance. Additionally, review sessions are commonly conducted by teachers to help students revise important concepts before exams.

In contrast, testing in college is less frequent and may cover larger amounts of material. Professors typically do not offer makeup tests , making it crucial for students to be present on test days. Moreover, professors may or may not provide review sessions . When review sessions are offered, active participation and preparedness are expected from students.

These differences in testing patterns between high school and college highlight the increased level of independence and self-reliance that college students must develop. They need to manage their time efficiently and ensure they are well-prepared for exams without relying on regular makeup tests or extensive review sessions.

Grades: High School vs College

In high school, grades play a significant role in the overall evaluation of a student’s performance. Most assigned work is graded, including homework , class participation, and quizzes. Good homework grades can often compensate for lower test grades , allowing students to maintain a strong GPA. Additionally, many high school teachers offer extra credit projects as an opportunity for students to boost their grades.

However, the grading system in college is quite different. Professors typically focus their evaluation on major exams, papers, and projects, and may not assign grades for all assigned work. Test grades and major assignments have a more substantial impact on the final course grade. College students need to consistently perform well on these assessments to achieve a higher overall grade.

Furthermore, extra credit projects may not be available in college to help raise grades. Instead, students must rely on their performance on tests and major assignments. It’s crucial to start off strong in college, as initial test grades can significantly influence the final course grade. It’s also important to note that each department may have specific standards that students must meet in order to graduate.

Classes: High School vs College

One of the key differences between high school and college is the structure of classes. In high school, students typically spend an average of 30 hours per week in class, following a structured schedule. Classes are generally small, with no more than 35 students, allowing for more individualized attention from teachers. These teachers usually present material from textbooks , providing a structured and consistent learning experience.

In contrast, college class time varies, with breaks between classes and a more flexible schedule. Class sizes can range from 20 to over 100 students, depending on the course and the size of the university. Professors often present material from various academic sources, including textbooks , research articles, and multimedia resources. This diversity in teaching styles and sources of information encourages students to engage critically with the material.

Moreover, the responsibility for managing study time and completing assignments outside of class falls on the college student. Unlike in high school, where teachers often remind students of incomplete work, professors may not always check completed homework . College professors are usually open and helpful, but they expect students to take the initiative and seek assistance during scheduled office hours. Additionally, college students may have access to resources like academic skills centers or writing centers for additional support.

Homework and Assistance: High School vs College

One major difference between high school and college is the approach to homework and the level of assistance provided. In high school, teachers often check completed homework and remind students of incomplete work. They are proactive in identifying students who may need additional help and offer assistance. However, in college, professors may not always check completed homework, but they expect students to perform the same tasks on tests. It is essential for college students to take responsibility for completing their homework and thoroughly understanding the material.

In high school, teachers typically approach students if they believe assistance is needed. They provide guidance and support to help students succeed academically. In contrast, professors in college are usually open and helpful, but they expect students to take the initiative and seek assistance during their scheduled office hours. This shift in responsibility empowers college students to become independent learners and seek help when needed.

While in high school, students may have benefited from additional resources such as academic skills centers or writing centers for extra assistance, college students have access to similar resources on campus. These resources can provide guidance with writing, study skills, and subject-specific tutoring. It is important for college students to take advantage of these resources and seek the help they need to succeed academically.

Studying: High School vs College

Studying is an essential part of academic success, and the approach to studying differs between high school and college. In high school, students are typically assigned short reading assignments that are discussed in class, and studying often takes place during class time or study halls. However, in college, students are assigned substantial amounts of reading and writing that may not be directly addressed in class.

College students are expected to engage with the material outside of lectures and dedicate significant time to studying outside of class. This includes regular review of class notes and active reading of assigned textbooks and other readings . Studying in college requires self-discipline and independent learning, as students must take full responsibility for their academic progress.

While high school may provide more guidance and structure in terms of studying, college students have the opportunity to develop stronger critical thinking and research skills through self-directed studying. It is important for college students to actively seek support and resources, such as consulting with professors, teaching assistants, and tutoring services, to enhance their studying strategies and academic performance.

Class Materials: Textbooks and Readings: High School vs College

In high school, textbooks are provided at no expense to students. This means that students have access to the required reading materials without having to worry about the financial burden of purchasing textbooks. However, in college, textbooks and class materials can be quite expensive, often requiring substantial funds from students. College students are typically assigned multiple chapters of textbooks per week, along with additional research papers and readings .

One significant difference between high school and college is that reading assignments in college are often not directly addressed in class. This means that students need to engage with the material outside of lectures and take responsibility for their own learning. It requires self-discipline and the ability to manage time effectively in order to complete the required readings and understand the content.

The cost of textbooks is another factor that distinguishes high school from college. While high school students are provided textbooks free of charge, college students often have to budget for the expense of purchasing their own textbooks. This can add up to a significant cost over the course of a semester or academic year. As a result, college students may need to be strategic in their textbook purchases, considering options such as renting or buying used textbooks to save money.

Social Life in High School vs College

College offers a new social landscape compared to high school. It is a time of exploration and self-discovery, where students have the opportunity to meet new friends and form lasting connections. In high school, social interactions are often limited to classmates and a smaller circle of friends. However, in college, the possibilities for socializing are endless.

In college, students can meet new friends through various channels, such as living or studying spaces, classes, extracurricular activities, and part-time work. The social calendar in college is usually more active and diverse, offering a wide range of events and opportunities to socialize. College also brings together a more diverse student population, with individuals from different backgrounds and ages, providing a rich tapestry of perspectives and experiences.

While high school may foster close-knit relationships, college offers the chance to expand social circles and explore different interests. Students have the freedom to choose their own social groups and engage in activities that align with their passions and goals. College is a time of personal growth and development, where students can embrace their individuality and find their place in a larger community.

Independence and Responsibilities: High School vs College

One of the significant differences between high school and college is the level of independence and responsibilities that students experience. In high school, students rely on parents, teachers, and coaches to guide their time and activities. They have a structured schedule and are often reminded of their responsibilities. However, in college, students have increased freedom and must take on the responsibility of managing their own time.

College life requires students to balance their academic commitments, part-time jobs, and personal responsibilities. They have the autonomy to make decisions about their schedule, such as when to study, attend classes, and complete assignments. This newfound independence can be both liberating and challenging for students as they navigate their way through a more self-directed educational experience.

Time management becomes crucial in college. Students must learn to prioritize their tasks, set goals, and allocate their time effectively. With multiple responsibilities and deadlines, effective time management skills are essential for success. College students need to develop strategies to stay motivated, avoid procrastination, and maintain a healthy work-life balance.

Transitioning from high school to college, students often face a learning curve in managing their time and responsibilities independently. However, this shift also presents valuable opportunities for personal growth and development. By practicing effective time management and embracing their newfound freedom, college students can learn to take charge of their education and pave the way for a successful future.

Sports: high school vs college.

College sports often play a significant role in the social life and school spirit of a college. It provides a platform for students to come together, showcase their athleticism, and create a sense of community. While not all colleges have sports teams, those that do offer a wide range of opportunities for students to engage in athletics as players or enthusiastic fans.

College sports events are an exciting part of the overall college experience. They offer opportunities for students to connect with fellow classmates, bond over shared team spirit, and show their school pride. Whether it’s attending basketball games, football matches, or even lesser-known sports, the lively atmosphere and enthusiastic crowds create lasting memories and a sense of belonging.

Engaging in college sports also helps build strong bonds between students, faculty, and alumni. It fosters a sense of camaraderie and community spirit that extends beyond the playing field. Sports teams often serve as ambassadors for the college, boosting its reputation and creating a sense of unity among students and alumni alike.

What are the main differences between high school and college?

High school is mandatory and free, while college is voluntary and can be expensive. High school students have structured schedules, while college students manage their own time. High school students need parental permission for extracurricular activities, while college students decide their level of participation. High school students receive regular reminders and guidance, while college students must balance their own responsibilities.

How do high school and college handle disabilities?

In high school, school districts are responsible for identifying students’ disabilities and developing Individualized Education Plans ( IEPs ). In college, students must self-identify to Disability Services and activate approved services. IEPs from high school may not apply, and personal services for medical/physical disabilities are generally not required.

What are the differences in testing between high school and college?

In high school, testing is frequent and covers small amounts of material. Makeup tests are often available, and review sessions are conducted. In college, testing is less frequent and may cover larger amounts of material. Makeup tests are seldom an option, and professors do not rearrange test dates. Review sessions may or may not be offered.

How are grades given in high school and college?

In high school, grades are given for most assigned work, and good homework grades can raise overall grades. Extra credit projects are often available. In college, grades may not be provided for all assigned work. Grades on tests and major papers usually determine the course grade. Extra credit may not be used to raise grades.

What are the differences in classes between high school and college?

In high school, classes have a structured schedule with smaller class sizes. In college, class time varies, breaks between classes are common, and class sizes can range from 20 to 100+ students. Professors may present material from various academic sources.

How do high school and college handle homework and assistance?

In high school, teachers check completed homework and remind students of incomplete work. Teachers approach students if assistance is needed. In college, professors may not always check completed homework but expect students to perform the same tasks on tests. Professors are usually open and helpful but expect students to initiate contact during office hours.

How does studying differ between high school and college?

In high school, studying may primarily happen during class or study halls. In college, students are assigned substantial amounts of reading and writing that may not be directly addressed in class. Studying outside of class is essential, with regular review of class notes and text material.

What are the differences in class materials, such as textbooks and readings, between high school and college?

In high school, textbooks are provided at no expense to students. In college, textbooks and class materials can be expensive. College students are assigned multiple chapters of textbooks per week, along with research papers and other readings. Reading assignments in college are often not directly addressed in class .

How does the social life differ between high school and college?

High school offers close-knit relationships, while college allows students to meet new friends through various channels. College offers a more active and diverse social calendar, with the opportunity to form multiple social groups. College also brings a more diverse student population.

What is the level of independence and responsibilities in high school and college?

High school students have their time and responsibilities guided by parents, teachers, and coaches. In college, students experience increased independence and are responsible for managing their own time and responsibilities.

How does the role of sports differ between high school and college?

College sports often play a significant role in the social life and school spirit of a college. While not all colleges have sports teams, those that do create a sense of community and provide opportunities for students to engage in athletics as players or fans.

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What’s Covered:

• Academic Differences
• Social Differences
• How to Find the Best College for You

For many, college means transition. Most students who start their new lives as recent high school graduates find themselves in a bit of a limbo state. They’re technically adults, but many are still financially dependent on their parents. (And during the pandemic, they could well still be living with them every day, too.) For some, it’s the first time being away from home for a long period of time. 

There’s no doubt starting college requires adjustment. You probably know that it’s not going to look the same as high school, in terms of your academics, social sphere, and many other aspects of your life. Just what will be different? Here are some of the main distinctions.

1. You have more freedom in choosing your classes (and greater variety).

You’ve probably wondered from time to time why it’s so important for you to take algebra or chemistry or world history. Here’s the good news: when you get to college, you’ll have much more leeway when it comes to choosing your courses. You’ll be able to declare a major and study a field you think you might want to pursue as a career. And you won’t have to spend much time on disciplines you dislike.

That doesn’t mean you won’t have any requirements. Many colleges have distribution requirements, meaning you’ll have to take a certain number of courses in other specified disciplines. Most majors have specific courses or general areas of courses you must take, too. And some colleges have core requirements, meaning all students are required to take specific classes as a term of their degree completion. But even the schools with the strictest requirements still tend to have far fewer than your high school curriculum.

If you really want to direct your own learning and have the fewest requirements possible, you may like open curriculum schools . These schools have no required courses, other than your major requirements and usually a writing seminar.

2. You’ll spend less time in class but likely more time studying.

Typically, a full-time college student takes about 15 credits per semester, with one credit equalling an hour of class time per week. That means you’ll only be in class for 15 hours per week, or an average of three hours per weekday. Some days, you may not have any classes at all.

That’s a far cry from high school, which you’ll usually attend for 6-7 hours per day. But don’t get too excited — you’ll also need to invest a lot more time studying and working on coursework outside of class than you did previously, given the rigor of these higher-level courses.

3. It may be surprisingly hard to wake up for that 9 am college class.

You may have found it difficult to get up in the morning in high school, but you probably had your parents telling you you had to. Plus, you had more structure in general. Even though young adults need less sleep than teenagers, according to the Sleep Foundation , the lack of rules and more freedom to make your own choices can make it difficult to get up for classes, even when they start later than your high school classes did.

It’s important to set rules for yourself about waking up on time and attending classes. This is critical for your own growth, as well as your grades. You could try to avoid early morning classes if you know you’re not a morning person, but don’t let the scheduling stop you from taking classes that interest you.

4. Classes may be longer but are usually less frequent.

In high school, your classes were probably around an hour, but you had them 4-5 times per week. In college, be prepared for long, less frequent classes. It’s not uncommon to see courses that meet once a week for three hours. Or, you might have classes that occur twice a week for an hour and a half per session (some subjects do meet more frequently and for less time, though).

You may find it difficult to sustain your attention for that long, so you should experiment with different methods to keep yourself alert. You’ll also need to put in the time to keep the content fresh during your days off from the course since you’ll have your classes less frequently.

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5. Attendance isn’t necessarily mandatory (but you should still go).

You probably won’t have instructors taking attendance, especially in your large lectures. This won’t necessarily always be the case though, particularly in smaller seminars; you may be given a certain number of absences before they begin to affect your grade because your presence is integral to the structure of the course.

Don’t use lack of attendance accountability as a reason not to go, however. For one, it will impact your grade, even if not directly — you’re missing out on learning the material, some of which may not be found in your textbook or LMS. You’re also wasting money, whether or not you’re paying full freight.

6. There are fewer assignments, but they matter a lot more.

Instead of frequent essays, quizzes, and tests, you may only have a handful of assignments per course during the semester. For example, in a math course, you could only have two midterms and a heavily-weighted final, while in a literature course, you might have three or four papers that comprise the majority of your grade.

Because it can be difficult to gauge an instructor’s expectations early on, and many freshmen have trouble adjusting to the new level of academic rigor, some professors will drop your lowest grade on equally-weighted assignments. This will give you a chance to make up your grade with other assignments. It’s also a good idea to visit instructors (virtually or in-person) during their office hours to get more guidance and ask questions.

7. It may be harder to get a 4.0.

You may have been #1 in your high school class, but when you get to college, you’ll be learning alongside hundreds or thousands of other excellent students, many of who also earned 4.0s. This will serve as a rude awakening for some, who are used to being the best in the class. And, because there’s no extra credit for advanced classes, you could dip below a 4.0 for earning a couple of A-’s and B+’s. That’s okay! It’s extraordinarily difficult to earn a 4.0 in college, especially if you’re attending a highly rigorous one.

8. It’s even more important to build relationships with instructors.

Developing strong relationships with teachers was important in high school for several reasons, including the fact that they’re the ones to write your college recommendation letters . In college, it’s even more critical to get to know your instructors.

For one, if you apply to graduate school or for fellowships, you’ll need faculty recommendations. Even you don’t, faculty can serve as lifelong mentors to previous students. And research shows that having an encouraging mentor increases your chances of engagement and success in work and life.

9. You will need to seek help on your own.

In high school, you may have had teachers reach out to you when you were struggling. But in college, you’ll need to be proactive about reaching out for help on your own. Sure, some professors might notice that you’re having trouble, especially in small classes, but usually, you’ll need to be the one to make the effort, whether that means going to office hours, emailing a question, or setting up a separate time to talk.

The good news is that many instructors will readily help you when you ask. They may even look more favorably upon you for being proactive and acknowledging that you need support. This is also a good way to share reasons why you’re having trouble, such as extra pandemic-related responsibilities at home. Your professor could be more willing to cut you some slack once they understand.

Social Life

1. you’ll have greater independence living away from home..

True, some students commute. But if you live on-campus, you’ll enjoy plenty of newfound independence, from what you eat to when you go to bed. 

Be careful, though. You’ll likely find that you’ll need some kind of structure in your life, and it will have to be self-imposed — no one else is setting limits for you. An alarm is your friend. So is a schedule. Plus, you’ll also be responsible for doing more chores, such as laundry and cleaning.

2. There will be frequent events.

From speakers to club meetings and events to parties to concerts, there will be plenty to do on campus. While you may not have had to scramble to find ways to spend your time in high school, in many cases, there will be far more options in college.

3. You won’t have to travel far to see your friends.

Some of them might live in your dorm — or even be your roommates! Even those who don’t live in your building will be closeby, and you’ll share meals, activities, and more with them.

4. You’ll have more options for clubs and organizations to join.

Many colleges and organizations have clubs and organizations for practically any interest: arts, sports, religion, politics, activism, journalism, cultural heritage, and much more. And if you can’t find the club you’re looking for, you may even have the option of starting it yourself.

5. You’ll need to remind yourself to take time to enjoy yourself sometimes.

College is hard. With all the work you have to do, it can be easy to get caught up in studying. Of course, you should study — but don’t forget to enjoy yourself, too. College goes by quickly, and you don’t want to miss out on a great experience.

How to Find the Best-Fit College

Adjusting to college takes time and effort, but it helps if you find the right fit school for you. This depends on numerous factors, such as size, location, and the availability of your unique program.

Once you find the perfect fit, how do you know if you have a good chance of getting in? CollegeVine’s free chancing engine will estimate your real odds of admission to hundreds of colleges and universities all over the country — and offer tips to improve your profile. Give it a try to streamline your college strategy!

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School, College, or University: What’s the Difference?

Julia de Raadt

Head of research and lead admissions expert, table of contents, school college university.

• In summary…

Stay up-to-date on the latest research and college admissions trends with our blog team.

You’ve probably heard the words “school,” “college,” and “university” used almost interchangeably in higher education circles. While they may seem to be almost indistinguishable, the differences actually do matter when you’re putting together your college applications list! In any case, it’s best to know what the terms mean exactly so you can approach your decisions with confidence. 

What’s more, the overlap can be particularly confusing for international applicants or those who are unfamiliar with the degree-granting process in the United States. Don’t worry: today, we’ll get to the bottom of it, and help you understand what you need to know. Empowerly is here to ensure you don’t miss out on any opportunities that are a great fit for you or your student. 

First, let’s start with the term “school.” School is a pretty universal word. In fact, it can refer to any institution of education, from kindergarten on through high school graduation. Some even use this term casually to refer to post-secondary education as well (ie, colleges and universities). Ultimately, school is a general term that applies in many scenarios.

Here’s a helpful breakdown. In America…

• Grades 1st through 5th or 6th are usually called “elementary school.” 
• Grades 6th or 7th on through 8th or 9th are alternately referred to as “middle school” or “junior high school,” depending on the region. 
• Next, grades 9th through 12th are “high school” or, less commonly, “secondary school.” 
• Finally, the topic we are discussing most in this article is post-secondary schooling: grades 13 and up. Students in the US are usually 17 or 18 years old when they begin grade 13 (also known as “freshman year”).

Next up, “college” refers to a particular kind of higher education: specifically, to trade schools, professional or pre-professional degrees, and liberal arts campuses. These are distinct because they are typically smaller and offer fewer curriculum choices to students. 

However, the word “college” has become almost synonymous with the entire application process. Today, many students talk about “going to college” or “college admissions,” implying colleges, universities, and other specialized continuing education. This has led to a much more general definition of the word. Don’t let that throw you off!

The reason for this double-meaning is that in contemporary education, colleges actually can grant four-year Bachelor’s degrees. Moreover, many of them are highly ranked and competitive to attend. Remember that schools which call themselves “colleges” shouldn’t be struck from your list because the term college has a different meaning in other countries or languages.

Pros of attending a traditional college:

• Flexibility of scheduling and convenience of locations
• Faster time to a degree
• Smaller class sizes and access to student resources
• More affordable tuition

Universities are likely what come to mind when many people picture students going off to school after graduating from 12th grade.  What you may not know is that the word “university” specifically refers to an associated, streamlined coalition of learning resources—colleges, libraries, laboratories, and more. The campus of a university contains myriad options for further learning no matter the field you want to pursue. Many universities even meld with the surrounding city or town. 

But let’s circle back for a moment: yes, universities can contain colleges within them! For example, the University of California, San Diego encourages students to specialize in a specific college, though they ultimately receive their degree from UCSD itself. These colleges may include a College of Engineering or College of Chemistry, and often a general “College of Letters and Science” (aka, the humanities, social sciences and natural sciences, considered together).

Some university systems even have multiple campuses (different sites where the same leadership is in charge). The University of California system is a great example of this, as well! For instance, there are UC campuses across the state, including Berkeley, Los Angeles, Davis, and more. While each university has its own personality and is distinct, the features of the UC schools are, at minimum, loosely associated together.

Pros of attending a traditional university:

• Most diverse options for study
• Well-rounded breadth-based education
• Research and other opportunities plentiful
• Retention of award-winning faculty

In summary…

As you can see, understanding the differences between school, college, or university is a bit complex. However, it can only help you make better decisions.

In conclusion, while there are similarities between school, college, and university, there are also distinct differences that set them apart in terms of scope, academic level, and the overall learning experience they provide.

School is typically the educational institution where children begin their formal education. It encompasses elementary, middle, and high school levels, focusing on a broad curriculum that covers various subjects. Schools provide a structured and comprehensive education, laying the foundation for students’ intellectual and social development.

College, on the other hand, refers to an institution that offers undergraduate education beyond high school. Colleges often specialize in specific fields of study, such as liberal arts, business, or technology. They provide a more specialized and focused education, with smaller class sizes and more opportunities for hands-on learning. Colleges typically award associate degrees or bachelor’s degrees.

University, in contrast, is a higher education institution that offers a broader range of academic programs, including undergraduate and graduate degrees. Universities often consist of multiple colleges or schools that cater to various disciplines. They provide a more extensive and comprehensive education, offering a wide array of majors and specializations. Universities are known for their research opportunities, expert faculty, and a greater emphasis on academic and intellectual pursuits.

The key differences between these institutions lie in the depth and breadth of their academic offerings, the level of specialization, and the educational opportunities they provide. While schools focus on a general education for children, colleges and universities offer more advanced and specialized knowledge.

Another distinction is the level of independence and self-direction expected from students. In schools, students generally follow a predetermined curriculum and have more structure and guidance. In college and university, students have more autonomy and responsibility for their learning, with a greater emphasis on self-directed study and research.

In summary, schools, colleges, and universities each serve unique educational purposes. Schools provide a foundational education, colleges offer more specialized and focused learning experiences, and universities provide comprehensive academic opportunities at both undergraduate and graduate levels. Understanding these differences can help individuals make informed decisions about their educational pathways and choose the institution that aligns with their goals and aspirations.

If you’re still not sure what it all means for your college application process, feel free to reach out to our welcoming and supportive team! We are here because we love helping students realize their potential. Our experts are happy to talk through your options and guide you through the process. 

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The transition from high school to college can be a difficult one. Both your social and academic life will be remarkably different from high school. Below are ten of the most significant differences on the academic front.

Life without parents may sound exciting, but it can be a challenge. No one is going to nag you if your grades are slipping, and no one is going to wake you up for class or make you do your homework (no one will wash your laundry or tell you to eat well either).

No Hand Holding

In high school, your teachers are likely to pull you aside if they think you are struggling. In college, your professors will expect you to initiate the conversation if you need help. Help is available, but it won't come to you. If you miss class, it's up to you to keep up with the work and get notes from a classmate. Your professor won't teach a class twice just because you missed it.

That said, if you take the initiative, you'll find that your college has many resources to help you: professors' office hours , a writing center, a center for academic support, a counseling center, and so on.

Less Time in Class

In high school, you spend most of your day in classes. In college, you will average about three or four hours of class time a day. You may even end up with a day or two that has no classes. You'll want to schedule your classes carefully and recognize that using all that unstructured time productively will be the key to success in college. A significant number of new (and old) college students struggle with time management.

Different Attendance Policies

In high school, you are required to go to school everyday. In college, it's up to you to get to class. No one is going to hunt you down if you regularly sleep through your morning classes, but the absences could be disastrous for your grades. Some of your college classes will have attendance policies, and some won't. In either case, attending regularly is essential for college success.

Note Taking Challenges

In high school, your teachers often follow the book closely and write on the board everything that needs to go in your notes. In college, you'll need to take notes on reading assignments that are never discussed in class. You'll also need to take notes on what is said in class, not just what is written on the board. Often the content of classroom conversation is not in the book, but it may be on the exam.

From day one of college, make sure you are prepared with pen and paper. Your writing hand is going to get a lot of exercise, and you're going to need to develop an effective strategy for taking notes .

Different Attitude Toward Homework

In high school, your teachers probably checked all your homework. In college, many professors won't check up on you to make sure you're doing the reading and learning the material. It's up to you to put in the effort needed to succeed, and if you fall behind, you're going to struggle at exam and essay time.

More Study Time

You may spend less time in class than you did in high school, but you will need to spend far more time studying and doing homework. Most college classes require 2 - 3 hours of homework for every hour of class time. That means that a 15-hour class schedule has at least 30 hours of of out-of-class work each week. That's a total of 45 hours—more than a full-time job.

Challenging Tests

Testing is usually less frequent in college than in high school, so a single exam may cover a couple months worth of material. Your college professors may very well test you on material from the assigned readings that was never discussed in class. If you miss a test in college, you will probably get a "0"—make-ups are rarely allowed. Similarly, if you don't finish in the designated time, you probably won't have an opportunity to finish later. Finally, tests will often ask you to apply what you have learned to new situations, not just regurgitate memorized information.

Keep in mind that extra time and special testing conditions are always available for students who qualify for these accommodations. The legal protections for students with disabilities do not end in high school.

Greater Expectations

Your college professors are going to look for a higher level of critical and analytical thinking than most of your high school teachers did. You're not going to get an "A" for effort in college, nor will you usually get the opportunity to do extra credit work. Be prepared for grade shock during your first semester when that essay that would have earned an "A" in high school gets you a "B-" in college.

Different Grading Policies

College professors tend to base final grades largely on a couple big tests and papers. Effort by itself won't win you high grades—it's the results of your effort that will be graded. If you have a bad test or paper grade in college, chances are you won't be allowed to redo the assignment or do extra credit work. Also, consistently low grades in college can have serious consequences such as lost scholarships or even expulsion.

A Final Word About College Academics

Even if you went to a rigorous high school and took lots of AP classes and dual enrollment classes, you're going to find college different. It's possible the amount of academic work won't change dramatically (although it may), but the way you manage your time is going to need significant adjustments to deal with the freedom of college.

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10 Differences Between High School And College You’ve Never Thought Of

Transitioning from high school to college is an exciting time for many students and lets you step into new areas of independence, higher education, and social circles. Whether you feel fully at home in your high school or are counting down the days to college life, it’s important to recognize that certain things about these two experiences will have both similarities and differences.

From sharing a communal shower or not having a set bedtime to taking on more time-consuming homework, we spotlight some of the major differences between high school and college you may not have considered.

Top 10 Things That Are Different in the High School to College Transition

Social life.

Getting to live and study alongside people who become lifelong friends is one of the lasting benefits of college and also one that is difficult to replicate later in life. Whether you’re enjoying late nights in the dorm, meeting for lunch in the cafeteria, or taking in a show at a local venue, social life during college often makes late nights spent studying feel like less of a chore.

If you’re used to having your own bedroom and/or bathroom, know that this will likely change in college. Many freshman dorms feature rooms with 2-3 other students and communal showers. It may sound less than ideal at first, but think of it as a once-in-a-lifetime experience. From movie nights to getting ready for a night on the town, you’re sure to make plenty of memories with your roommies!

Textbook Costs

High schools typically provide textbooks and workbooks free of charge to students, but this isn’t the case in college. In 2020,  EdSource reported  that college students spent an average of $1,200 per year on textbooks. If you’re looking to save money and spend less than the average student, consider buying used textbooks online or at a local bookstore, renting them, or checking them out from your library.

Time in Class vs. Homework

In high school, students spend about 30 hours per week in class. But in college, this number drops to between 12-16 hours per week for students taking a full course load. While this may sound like the dream, it’s important to remember that less class time doesn’t mean less homework. In fact, college classes usually have more homework and self-studying than high school classes, so be prepared to stay organized to stay on top of your studies so you’re ready when test time comes around.

Without belaboring the point, we want to make sure you understand just how much homework college entails. While you may have breezed through some high school assignments, higher education homework typically requires extensive reading, long research papers, and assignments that you’ll need to start well before the morning it’s due. College classes also utilize more group projects, so you’ll be responsible for doing work with other students. We recommend takeing a laptop to class, when allowed, for you to take notes faster as well as a college planner to make sure you never miss an assignment, quiz, or study session.

Perhaps for the first time in your life, college will require you to take on some adult responsibilities. Whether that means knowing when the oil in your car needs changed, keeping up with insurance payments, or not letting your laundry pile turn into a laundry mountain, get ready for a bit more responsibility. You’ll also be doing more grocery shopping, cooking, cleaning, and paying bills. It might seem like when you start, but you’ll get into the groove faster than you think.

Focused Learning/Majors

In high school, your curriculum is largely set for you and covers a wide array of topics both within and outside your areas of interest. In college you’ll still need to take general education classes (at least freshman year), but you’ll also have the opportunity to focus your learning in a particular area and declare a major that’s actually related to your interests. And sometimes you can even get credit for some of those high school courses, like language or honors classes.

There can sometimes be pressure in high school to fit a mold or conform to what others think. This still exists in some colleges to a certain extent, but there is much more freedom for you to be yourself and craft an identity that feels true to your nature. Colleges and universities have so many individuals that you’ll have plenty of opportunity to learn more about yourself and find your people.

Critical Thinking Required

Expectations of professors in college is typically higher than those set by high school teachers, with many emphasizing the importance of critical thinking when analyzing new information and fulfilling assignment requirements. Critical thinking requires closer attention to reason and evidence and active participation in evaluating information. Not only will you need to read and memorize information, but you’ll need to learn how to apply that knowledge in research, projects, and presentations.

No Parents, No Rules

For the first time in their lives, many students will both start college and move away from home at the same time. The freedom that comes with making your own rules and decisions can feel empowering as students test the waters of independence. But this also means you will be treated as an adult in charge of your decisions — and their consequences. So as they say in the movie Freaky Friday, “make good choices!”

What Else Should I Know About Starting College?

Starting college for the first time can feel intimidating, but there are steps you can take to feel more settled and at home. Some of these include:

• Find fellow entering students on social media and introduce yourself before you get to campus.
• After signing up for classes, reach out and introduce yourself to professors.
• Bring items from home that make you feel comfortable and close to friends and family.
• Get involved in extracurricular activities, like Greek life, intramurals, clubs, or even a job on campus.
• Take part in  welcome week activities  that encourage getting to know others. They may seem cheesy, but it’ll be worth it to get to know other new students.
• Create a cozy and inviting dorm area that can serve as a refuge after long days.
• Review syllabi from each class and highlight important dates.
• Make time for fun! This is a new adventure after all, so don’t forget to actually have some fun!
• It’s no secret that college requires more of students. Conversely, it is also what you make of it. If you want a challenging, rigorous college experience, create it for yourself by taking a full class load and subbing the easy classes (like walking) in exchange for more difficult classes that will give you the better foundation for your major. You’ll be glad you did.
• Both high school and college present unique, once-in-a-lifetime opportunities to see your friends every day, devote your time to learning, and engage in exciting and fun extracurricular activities. College offers even more opportunities combined with independent living. Just don’t forget the extra responsibilities.
• College will be unlike anything you’ve experienced before, so make the most of it. Unfortunately, those four years go by way too quickly and are not easily replicated again. Some quick tips – make sure you have all the materials you need for your classes, setup your housing, and put money in your meal plan account. We have some other tips for  10 things you might need before your first day of class .
• The answer to this question depends on many different factors. Both college and high school present challenges that can cause stress at different times. That said, age often offers more tools for dealing with stress.

The Ultimate Presentation Skills Guide for High School Students

Nobody is born an excellent presenter. Even the most captivating speakers had sleepless nights before their first presentation. It's no secret that a stunning presentation can be a game-changer, especially for high school students who need to impress their teachers and secure good grades. Moreover, excellent presentation skills are essential for every career path, making it equally crucial to master this art while in school. In this comprehensive guide, we aim to provide high school students with some practical and out-of-the-box presentation hacks to work smarter, not harder.

Break The Ice:

In a nerve-racking situation like a public speaking event, the best way to begin is by breaking the ice. A little humor, a fun fact, or even a brief storytelling session can help to connect with the audience and make them more interested in what you have to say. This approach will also help to calm your nerves and pave the way for a smoother presentation.

Know Your Audience:

Before you start crafting your presentation, you need to know who will be on the receiving end. Understanding the needs, expectations, and preferences of your target audience can significantly enhance the effectiveness of your presentation. Make sure to tailor your content, tone, and delivery style to meet your audience’s needs. If you are presenting to your classmates, keep the language fun and engaging. A presentation for your teacher or a panel of judges might necessitate a more formal tone.

Plan Your Talking Points:

After researching your target audience, the next step is planning your talking points. Having a clear roadmap can guide you throughout your presentation. Aim for three to five main points to ensure your content remains digestible and easy to follow. Remember, less is more!

Utilize Visuals:

Research shows that people remember 80% of what they see compared to only 20% of what they read. Therefore, incorporating relevant visuals into your presentation can dramatically increase your audience's engagement and retention. Consider using images, infographics, diagrams, or even short videos to make your presentation more appealing.

Practice, Practice, Practice:

One of the key productivity tricks to nail your presentation is practice. The more you rehearse, the smoother your delivery will be. Also, practicing helps you to remain calm, avoid awkward pauses, and be better prepared to handle any unexpected questions.

Use Technology:

In today's digital age, technology offers a plethora of tools to spice up your presentation. Platforms like Canva, Google Slides, and PowerPoint allow you to create aesthetically pleasing presentations with a few simple clicks. You can find thousands of pre-designed templates to suit your presentation style and topic. Additionally, using a platform like Zoom for your presentation can enhance your delivery with features like 'share screen', 'annotation', and 'virtual background'.

Remember, mastering public speaking and presentation skills is a journey. Don't expect perfection on your first trials. Keep honing your skills, embrace your mistakes and learn from them. As the renowned American motivational speaker Les Brown once said, ' You don’t have to be great to start, but you have to start to be great. '

Fore more resources to keep up with your high school education, explore our website .

References for Further Reading:

• How To Speak So That People Want To Listen
• Tips for Presenting Your Design Work
• Christine Marrelli - Zoom November 24, 2020
• 9 Steps to a Great Presentation

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The Types of Colleges: The Basics

Find the right college for you., sorting out colleges by their types.

Is a college the same thing as a university? What does "liberal arts" mean? Why are some colleges called public and others private? Knowing the basics in regard to different types of colleges is imperative to making the right decision.

Public and Private Colleges

Public colleges are funded by local and state governments and usually offer lower tuition rates than private colleges, especially for students who are residents of the state where a college is located.

Private colleges rely on tuition, fees, and non-government funding sources. Generous financial aid packages for students are often available thanks to private donations.

For-Profit Colleges

For-profit institutions are businesses that typically offer career training. Although these colleges offer a variety of degree programs, it's wise to exercise caution when applying to a for-profit school. The degree programs often come at a higher cost, meaning students graduate with more debt. Credits earned may not transfer to other colleges so be sure to check with the admissions office at each institution.

Four-year and two-year colleges

Four-year institutions are referred to as undergraduate colleges. Four-year colleges specifically offer bachelor's degree programs. These include universities and liberal arts colleges.

Two-year colleges offer certificate programs that can be completed in under two years. They also offer two-year associate degrees. These include community colleges, vocational-technical colleges, and career colleges.

Liberal Arts Colleges

These institutions offer numerous courses in liberal arts in areas such as literature, history, languages, mathematics, and life sciences. Most of these institutions are private and offer four-year bachelor's degree programs. These colleges prepare students for a multiplicity of careers as well as graduate studies

Universities

Universities are larger institutions that offer a wider variety of academic majors and degree options. These schools provide bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. Most universities contain several smaller colleges, such as colleges of education, engineering, or health sciences. These colleges can prepare you for a wide range of careers or for graduate study.

Community Colleges

Community colleges offer two-year associate degrees that prepare undergraduates for four-year institutions offering bachelor programs. They also provide career-specific associate degrees and certificates. Community colleges are an affordable option because of their low tuition costs. 

What is the difference between a college and a university?

A college is a smaller school that may offer a wide variety of educational programs or more focused specializations for those seeking undergraduate degrees. Standing alone or as part of a larger institution, a college is often a private institution with a lower student population and smaller class sizes. On the other hand, a university is a larger school offering both undergraduate and graduate-level degrees. Because they’re a component of a university's doctoral programs, such institutions also serve as research facilities for educational advancement.

Vocational-Technical and Career Colleges

Vocational-technical and career colleges offer specialized training in a particular industry or career. Areas of study include the culinary arts, firefighting, dental hygiene, and medical-records technology. These colleges usually offer students certificates or associate degree programs.

Colleges with a Special Focus

Some colleges focus on a specific interest or student population. These include:

• Arts colleges
• Single-sex colleges
• Religiously affiliated colleges
• Specialized mission colleges

Arts Colleges

Conservatories and colleges of this variety focus on the arts. In addition to regular coursework, these institutions provide training in areas such as photography, music, theater, sculpture, drawing, or fashion design. Most of these schools offer associate or bachelor's degrees in the fine arts or a specialized field.

Single-Sex Colleges

Some private colleges are specifically for men or women.

Religiously Affiliated Colleges

Some private, higher-education institutions are connected to a religious faith. Such connections may simply be historic in nature. Others incorporate religious study into day-to-day student life.

Specially Designated Colleges

Historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) focus on educating African American students. Colleges and universities are designated Hispanic-serving institutions (HSIs) when at least 25% of the full-time undergraduate students are Hispanic. HBCUs and HSIs may offer programs, services, and activities targeted to the underrepresented students they serve.

What is better, a university or a college?

Those who prefer a more intimate experience with a greater connection to faculty may prefer a college. However, a university may be better for those looking for a broader range of programs and more learning facilities. The ultimate answer will depend on your personal preferences and the school in question. Both colleges and universities can provide a rewarding educational experience.

What to Do Now That You Know About the Different Types of Colleges

Now that you’re familiar with the types of institutions available, you should decide which one will suit your future goals. It’s often helpful to create a vision board of what you plan to achieve before deciding how you plan to achieve it. Take some time to think about your trajectory while keeping the knowledge of these various types of schools in mind. If you need direction after you assess your needs, you may find it helpful to talk to your school's guidance office, a college recruiter, or a college alum to work through any other questions you might have.

Embarking on a journey through higher education can be both exciting and challenging. Using the information presented here should help you sift through your options so the decisions you make today will serve you better in the future. For more help finding the right colleges for you, check out College Search .

Related Articles

Module 7: Study Skills

Presentation types, learning objectives.

• Identify common types of presentation tasks in a college class and their purposes

Imagine you are walking across your campus. As you pass the student center, you see a couple of people who have set up at a table outside, and they’re passing out information about the student honor society. Open windows in the music building share the sounds of someone practicing the piano in the art studio. Upon entering your class building, you are greeted by student-made posters illustrating various phases of the process of cell division. An open class door allows you to watch a young man in a lab coat and protective gear pour liquid nitrogen over items in a tray while the rest of his classmates look on with great interest. Your own instructor is setting up the computer screen at the front of your class when you walk in, loading up the Powerpoint that he plans to use for the day.

All of these are examples of presentations, and it’s very likely that you’ll be asked to participate in similar activities during your college career. Presenting, whether face-to-face or online, is a skill you will hone as a college student in preparation for your future career.

Presentations can take many forms and potentially serve many purposes. When reading the definitions below, keep in mind that many presentations often combine several elements into a hybrid form. You may have to pick and choose what will work best for you depending on the instructor and the course. Let’s start with the different genres or types of presentations.

Informative

Some presentation assignments will ask you simply to deliver information about a topic. Often these presentations involve research, which you will shape and present to your instructor and classmates. Typically, informative presentations ask that you NOT share your opinion about the subject at hand (which can be more challenging than it seems). With an informative presentation, your goal is to educate your audience by presenting a summary of your research and “sticking to the facts.”

Unlike informative presentations, persuasive presentations ask that you not only form an opinion about your subject but also convince your audience to come around to your point of view. These presentations often involve research, too, and the findings of your research will be used to bolster the persuasive case you’re making.

Lesson Delivery

You may be asked to do a “Teaching Presentation,” which will require you to specialize in one topic of the course and give your fellow classmates instruction about it. In short, you become the teacher of a subject. Often your presentation will be the only time that this subject is covered in the class, so you will be responsible for making sure that you provide clear, detailed, and relevant information about it. You may also be asked to provide questions on the subject to be included in a quiz or test.

Demonstration

These action-based presentations typically model some behavior or subject matter that has been introduced previously in the class. Unlike the Lesson Delivery presentation, a demonstration adds a level of performance in which you show and tell the the audience what you know. You might perform the demonstration yourself, as a way of illustrating the concept or procedure, or you might provide classmates with instructions and guidance as they do it themselves.

Poster presentations should convey all the information on a subject necessary for a viewer to consider on her own. They often consist of short, punchy wording accompanied by strong visuals—graphs, charts, images, and/or illustrations. Posters frequently require research to prepare, and they allow for some creativity in design. Depending on the assignment, your poster may be part of a gallery of poster presentations with your classmates. Your poster has to communicate everything that is important without you being there to explain it to your audience.

Similar to poster presentations, online presentations are generally asynchronous— meaning they don’t require you to be present at the same time as your viewer. They often serve similar purposes as poster presentations, but due to the online format, they allow for more interactive possibilities, such as sharing a pertinent video or animated graph. Your online presentation must stand alone to teach your audience everything they need to know.

Solo and Group Presentations

You may be asked to present as an individual or as part of a group.

Individual presentations put all of the responsibility for preparation, research, and delivery on you. You rightfully take all the credit for the final product you produce.

Group presentations , in contrast, often involve more complicated tasks and therefore require more participants to make them. Your instructor may make suggestions about how the work should be divided, or the group may delegate tasks internally. Grades may be assigned equally to everyone in the group, though many instructors assign individual grades based on some participation-level factor to inspire each member to pull his or her own weight.

Presentation assignments are often open to creative interpretation, which gives you a lot of room to explore new techniques and add a personal touch to the task.

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College Info Geek

How Different Are College and High School? (Hint: Very)

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Can college really be that different from high school?

I mean, there are classes, textbooks, extracurricular activities, and other students. It sounds a lot like high school to me.

These were the thoughts that ran through my head in the weeks leading up to my departure from my hometown of St. Louis, MO, for Xavier University in Cincinnati, OH. I didn’t know a soul at my future school, nor did I have an older sibling to tell me what to expect in college. So, when August rolled around, I pulled up to campus with lots of boxes and no idea what to expect.

Fast forward four years: I survived college, graduated with honors, and landed a job. Now, I want to pay it forward to the next generation of college students (you) with this primer on the differences between high school and college. Maybe you don’t have anybody to bounce ideas off of. Or maybe you’re just looking for a fresh perspective. Either way, this is for you.

I divided this article into two main sections: academics and lifestyle. Each section contains five important differences between high school and college. By the end, you’ll be prepared for this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity.

High School vs. College: Academic Differences

Nobody said college would be easy, but knowing what to expect during your first semester of classes will give you an edge over the students going in without a clue . Here are five major academic differences to expect when you make the transition from high school to college.

1. Time Spent in Class

Your high school class schedule is probably comparable to a full-time job: you’re in the building for about seven hours each day. In college, however, you can expect to spend half that time in class. As a full-time college student, you’ll only spend three or four hours each day in class, which comes out to about 15-20 hours per week.

This might seem like a vacation at first, but there’s a catch: your professors will cram as much material as they can into each class (which can range from 50 minutes to three hours). What’s more, those time gaps will force you to manage your time effectively. You might think you have all the time in the world, but deadlines in college creep up quickly.

2. Workload

I’ll be the first one to admit that I skated by in high school without doing a ton of work. I could squeak out decent grades by skimming books and cramming material the morning of a test. If an assignment was due on a Wednesday, I’d have no problem knocking it out on a Tuesday night.

That all changed in college.

I quickly learned that 15 hours of class time each week doesn’t mean 15 hours of work. You’ll spend a fraction of the time in a physical classroom in college compared to high school. But that extra time takes the form of homework, essays, research, and group projects.

The good thing about college is that you’ll receive a syllabus outlining each assignment and test for the entire semester. So while the workload increases exponentially, you also have plenty of time to prepare yourself.

3. Textbooks

In high school, your textbooks are provided to you at little to no cost. The only decision you have to make is whether you’ll read them or not.

College, on the other hand, is the Wild West of textbooks. Your professor will tell you which books you’ll need, and then it’s up to you how you get them (unless they require you to buy one of those horrible books with a digital access code, forcing you to buy it new).

Let’s be real: textbook publishers don’t care what you learn—they want to make money off book sales. That being said, there’s a variety of ways to outsmart the industry, saving you hundreds or even thousands of dollars over the course of your time in college.

Luckily for you, we have an entire article dedicated to textbook hunting: The Ultimate Guide to Finding Cheap Textbooks .

4. Opportunities to Boost Your Grade

One of the worst feelings in college is having to knock on your professor’s door during the last week of the semester to ask for extra credit. Maybe you’re 0.2% away from an A or even 0.2% away from passing the class. Either way, the best way to avoid this dilemma is to get ahead of your GPA as early as possible in the semester.

In high school, there are many opportunities to keep your grade afloat: daily homework assignments, weekly quizzes, extra credit, test revisions, maybe even credit just for showing up to class.

Unfortunately, most of these opportunities don’t exist in college.

I took several classes where I could count the entire semester’s assignments on one hand. I even had a philosophy class where the only grades were a midterm and a final exam. At first, this was a relief: no homework! The catch was, of course, I only had two chances to earn a good grade.

I knew plenty of students who didn’t realize this, and they were the ones knocking on the professor’s door around finals time. There’s no easy solution to this other than showing up every day, taking notes , and studying effectively.

Struggling to choose a college? This guide will help you out .

High School vs. College: Lifestyle Differences

You’ll spend the vast majority of your time in college outside the classroom. Accordingly, here are five important lifestyle changes to be prepared for when you make the transition from high school to college.

1. Dorm Life

As an only child, I was hesitant to live with three guys I’d never met in my entire life. But as I look back on my four years, I can’t help but notice how dorm life was one of the most fun and transformative parts of my college experience.

Of all the differences between high school and college, living in a dorm is definitely the most drastic—but it’s a change for the better.

Much like you’ll learn all sorts of challenging material in the classroom, living among your peers in close quarters helps you learn the art of social intelligence (which is arguably more important for long-term success than academics).

You may have heard horror stories about unbearable roommates or less-than-sanitary communal bathrooms. There is no foolproof way to prevent these issues. But if you do end up having to deal with them, keep this in mind: it’s all a learning experience .

Dorm life will teach you all sorts of things you didn’t know about yourself, such as your organizational preferences and how well you deal with domestic conflicts. It’s like a practice round for the real world. This might sound stressful, but after a few weeks, you’ll be settled in. All you need to do is enjoy the ride.

Just don’t set the fire alarm off. Especially not at 2 am on a Sunday. People hate that.

For more advice about how to live in the dorms, check out our guide to living on your own .

2. Social Life

Think of making friends in college like an athlete making the transition to the pros: people can talk all day about what the athlete accomplished before the pros, but all that matters is what happens on gameday. Similarly, college is an opportunity to create the social life you want. It doesn’t matter who you were in high school — in college, everyone starts from scratch.

The friends you make in college will be some of your best friends for life. I cringed while I typed that because it’s so cliche, but it’s 100 percent true. I don’t believe in formulas for making friends, but I do have one piece of advice to help you navigate the social scene:

First, establish your core group of friends: those three or four people that you can count on to have your back no matter what. Once you do this, start forming friendships with people from as many other social groups as possible: athletes, computer scientists, and everyone in between.

These friendships don’t need to be as deep as your core friendships — it’s simply the exposure to different types of people that will make you more well-rounded than the students who confine themselves to social bubbles.

I ran track during my first two years at Xavier (until I stepped away due to injuries ) and found my core friends on the team. But I also made friends with writers, partiers, and athletes on other teams. Not only did this enrich my social experience, but it  also broadened my worldview.

Side note: don’t forget about your high school friends — be grateful for them and nurture the connections worth keeping. But don’t let your ties to them limit your opportunities in college.

3. Time Management

Time management in college is a catch-22: you’ll have more independence than you’ve ever had, but you’ll also need to shoulder more responsibilities than you did in high school.

Right now, there’s a good chance your daily schedule is largely decided by your parents, coaches, or teachers. In college, however, all of that control shifts over to you. That includes scheduling classes, meals, workouts , grocery shopping, and even your sleep schedule .

To make this transition easy, create a simple weekly calendar that outlines all of your to-dos. This way, you’ll be in control of your time instead of having to react to all of your tasks on an hour-to-hour basis.

4. Money, Money, Money

Being broke is one of the most common stereotypes associated with college students, but I’m here to tell you: it doesn’t have to be that way .

The most reliable job I had in college was working as a valet at a local hotel: part-time hours, tips, and the opportunity to meet plenty of fascinating people. Did it require a couple 5 a.m. wake up calls? Sure, but sacrificing a few hours of sleep always beats having to borrow money from friends or family.

One of the most exciting parts about transitioning from high school to college is that your opportunities to earn money expand significantly. In fact, we created this guide that outlines more than 100 ways to make money in college .

Unless you have an endless stream of money coming into your bank account, you need that resource.

You may have heard about the freshman fifteen: those extra pounds that students pack on during their first couple semesters in college. While some students think this is unavoidable, it’s really more of a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Students will hear stories about how difficult or expensive it is to stay on top of their diet and exercise. Next thing they know, they accept that gaining weight is just part of their transition into college.

I beg to differ.

Getting fit in college may require a different approach than you’re taking in high school, but that’s certainly not an excuse to throw in the towel on your health (which is equally, if not more, important than your studies.)

In terms of exercise, club sports, intramurals, or group exercise classes are effective substitutes for the ways you stayed active in high school. They’re also a surefire way to meet new people.

As far as diet goes, you’re not limited to pizza delivery or cafeteria food. In fact, making your own healthy meals is almost always cheaper than a university meal plan or eating out. For more on that, check out this guide to affording healthy food in college .

Knowing Is Half the Battle

As you can see, there’s no shortage of differences between high school and college. But understanding what’s on the horizon will give you the perspective you need to prepare and put yourself in a position to succeed. Sure, you’ll face challenges — but that’s all part of the process.

Soon enough, you’ll be sharing your own experiences with soon-to-be college students.

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High School vs. College: A Comparison of What to Expect

Jul 30, 2014

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High School vs. College: A Comparison of What to Expect Part II: Classes and Instructors

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Community college or a four-year school? What to know about the advantages – and differences.

Spring marks the moment when high school students across the country are making choices about their future, whether that’s enrolling in a four-year college or university, entering the workforce or some combination of pathways.  

Many students will choose to enroll in community colleges. Soon after the pandemic began, community college enrollment sunk in many places, and the number of recent high school grads enrolling took the biggest dip.About 5.7 million students were enrolled in community colleges in fall 2021, according to the Community College Research Center.  Still, thataccounted for more than a third ofundergraduate enrollment at the time. 

But not all community college students are recent high school graduates. Under Secretary of Education James Kvaal told USA TODAY thatcommunity colleges are “really versatile institutions that are open to everyone and create a lot of opportunities and choices for people.”  

So, what is a community college? What are the benefits – and limitations – of attending the institutions? Here’s what you need to know.  

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Is it better to go to a community college?

A key difference between community colleges and four-year institutions is the type of degrees and credentials offered, said Laura Perna, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania's graduate school of education.  

“So community colleges tend to offer associate’s degrees, as well as a host of different certificate programs, and programs that are oriented to the workforce,” she said. And they provide classes students can use to transfer to a four-year colleges. 

Community colleges also offer education and training needed by companies and groups in the area, Perna noted. They may also offer classes to accommodate parents, people with full-time jobs and others. 

Universities may cost significantly more than community colleges, and students may face taking out significant student loans . However, four-year colleges and universities can also offer different kinds of opportunities for students, such as major athletics programs, additional social environments and more.  

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Martha Parham, senior vice president of public relations at the American Association of Community Colleges, said the institutions also serve students in career and technical education programs.

"So everything from nursing and first responder training, allied health training to electrical linemen, commercial driver's license, slot machine repair technicians, really in programs that are shorter term, credentialing programs that are by design meant for learners that are looking to quickly get into a job market," she said. 

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How do community colleges and universities differ?

Though some community colleges are able to offer a limited number of bachelor's degrees , if you attend a community college, it's likely you'll have to transfer elsewhere to earn a bachelor's degree or beyond. 

And if you’re thinking about starting a bachelor's degree at a community college, it's possible,but community college students can face unique challenges.

Approximately four out of five students who start at a community college say they plan to seek a bachelor’s degree, but only about one in six actually accomplish that goal, The Hechinger Report  reported .  Two-year community colleges have the lowest completion rates of anyhigher education institution.  

One note of caution: Not all credits earned at a community college will automatically transfer to the college or university you’re hoping to attend.  

Perna warned that this “could have real costs for students.” 

If “you’re not able to get academic credit for that course that you took at the community college, you've lost the time that you spent taking that course. You've lost the money that you've used to pay for that course,” she said.  

Parham advised that "if students are looking to transfer or looking to attend a university, it is really important " that they talk to the community college and four-year institutionthey are considering to understand the transfer pathway so that they are set up for success at the community college. 

"Many colleges have invested in increased academic advising, so the students have a place to go and ask questions and best determine how they can get from their point A to point B," she added. 

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How much does community college cost?

Community college isn’t automatically free – though some states have programs that sharply cut community college costs  – but the sticker price for community colleges is typically less than four-year colleges and universities. 

For the 2022-23 school year, the average published fees and tuition for a full-time student at a public two-year institution was $3,860, compared with $10,940 at a public four-year college.

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That doesn’t mean community college students don’t still face major financial challenges. A survey of over 80,000 community college students published last year found that a third of respondents said they struggled to get enough food to eat within the last month. The same survey found that about a quarter of students who had to pay rent struggled at least once in the last year to cover their housing.  

Kvaal said educational institutions in the U.S. “need to help students with a range of challenges and not focus on just one.”  

Eat or pay tuition?  Many community college students are forced to choose. But colleges can help.

“Students need financial aid to pay their tuition and their living expenses, transportation and books. We're working hard to make sure that students have the support they need to support their families, childcare, housing, nutrition assistance,” he said. 

President Joe Biden has had his sights set on free community college for students. Though it has been  cut from previous legislation, it was part of his 2024 fiscal year budget proposal to Congress.  

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Contributing: Chris Quintana, USA TODAY 

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South carolina 87, iowa 75: the 2024 ncaa women's college basketball championship game.

ABC  was the place to be for the 2024 NCAA Women's College Basketball Championship Game as Caitlin Clark and the Iowa Hawkeyes took on Kamilla Cardoso and the undefeated South Carolina Gamecocks . A strong start by Iowa fueled by 18 points from Clark in the first quarter alone wouldn't be enough to keep the Gamecocks from bringing home a national title with an 87-75 victory .

The two #1 seeds had advanced to the Final Four along with UConn and NC State earlier in the week.  The Gamecocks rolled over the Wolfpack with a 78-59 Final Four victory that featured a strong performance from Kamilla Cardoso, who battled through an injury scare to rack up 22 points and 11 rebounds. In the second game, Iowa's Caitlin Clark shook off some first half shooting struggles to end up with 21 points, 9 rebounds and 7 assists. Sophomore Hannah Stuelke was high scorer for the Hawkeyes with 23 points in Iowa's  71-69 victory over the UConn Huskies.

This led to an epic showdown in the 2024 NCAA Women's College Basketball Final where a consistently-outstanding South Carolina squad completed its perfect season by bringing home a national championship in 2024. Congratulations to the Gamecocks, Hawkeyes and all the teams who made this tournament one of the most memorable in college basketball history.

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South Carolina tops our 2024-25 women’s college basketball power rankings

Congrats to South Carolina , which was the No. 1 team in all but one edition of this season’s rankings. The Gamecocks proved they were the best team in college basketball for all of 2023-24, just like last year, only this time they were able to cap their remarkable regular season with a national championship. South Carolina’s success was the primary validation of these power rankings, though the last poll did feature 15 of the Sweet 16 teams in the top 18 (apologies to Duke ).

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In case you’re interested in how well my first power rankings of 2023-24 held up, take a gander! Oregon State really came out of nowhere.

As we look ahead to 2024-25, a reminder that this is an indicator of how teams stand right now, though WNBA Draft decisions and transfers — keep an eye on Oregon State and Washington State following the dissolution of the Pac-12 — could substantially change the makeup of rosters. I’ve priced in some player improvement, particularly for younger players with high pedigree, but otherwise tried to assess these squads based on how the players finished this season. Let me know in the comments if you think I’m overlooking anyone.

Almost famous : Kentucky , Michigan State , Vanderbilt

Why South Carolina over UConn ?

South Carolina is losing Kamilla Cardoso , but otherwise brings back the entirety of the roster that went undefeated to win the national championship. Neither Ashlyn Watkins nor Sania Feagin individually has the skillset of Cardoso, but they can approximate it together with Watkins’ defensive versatility and Feagin’s touch in the post. Plus, the Gamecocks are bringing in Joyce Edwards to add to the post rotation, leaving them as deep as ever. Other than Edwards, every player will have at least one year of experience in her role. South Carolina will be deep and veteran in 2024-25 with the institutional knowledge of how to win. The Gamecocks are a no-brainer No. 1.

A perfect championship season with a new roster? Count Dawn Staley among the greats

The toughest contender for the Gamecocks will be UConn, as Paige Bueckers returns, along with four rising sophomores (including redshirt sophomore Ice Brady ) who should improve dramatically after experiencing high-stakes games in their first season. The Huskies are also welcoming the No. 1 recruit in the country, Sarah Strong, to supplement their frontcourt after the graduation of Aaliyah Edwards . The question with UConn, as it persistently has been in recent years, is health. If Azzi Fudd , Aubrey Griffin and Jana El Alfy can be meaningful contributors, then the Huskies are as deep as any team in the country, but it’s hard to expect that; even if everyone does play, South Carolina still has the chemistry advantage.

What will the SEC look like?

An eternal bugaboo of mine in the two years of writing these rankings has been finding a third or fourth SEC team to consistently place in the top 25. South Carolina and LSU are obvious entrants, but the cannibalism in the next tier has made it difficult for another team to make its way into the rankings.

That problem is partly resolved with new entrants Texas and Oklahoma . The Longhorns are ahead of the Tigers and Sooners with the assumption Rori Harmon will be ready to play by the start of 2025. At that point, they will have the bones of an Elite Eight team plus an elite two-way point guard in Harmon. LSU stays in the top 10 despite losing Angel Reese because Sa’Myah Smith can slot in at center next to Aneesah Morrow , Flau’jae Johnson , and Mikaylah Williams . Questions remain at point guard, however. Oklahoma returns nearly everyone from its Big 12 title campaign, though the Sooners’ defensive issues prevent them from cracking the top 10.

The SEC Runs It 🏆🏆🏆 Congratulations @GamecockWBB on winning the league’s third straight National Championship! https://t.co/AfdKPFuPaR — LSU Women's Basketball (@LSUwbkb) April 7, 2024

Ole Miss and Alabama also project to build off NCAA Tournament seasons. The Rebels will have some turnover, but they have historically been active in the transfer portal and always defend well. The Crimson Tide had a great offense in a tough defensive conference. Vanderbilt just missed the cut. The Commodores were simply not as good as Ole Miss or Alabama and have to prove their consistency in conference play before making this list.

L.A. schools will keep Big Ten in title contention

The Big Ten has the most programs on the list, although two are new entrants: UCLA and USC . The Trojans might be the best team in the conference by the end of the season – or even by preseason once Lindsay Gottlieb has done her work in the portal – but for now, the Bruins’ talent is undeniable. With Charisma Osborne gone, UCLA is a little light on guards, though Gabriela Jaquez could play down a position to mitigate that issue. However, the Bruins’ frontcourt is stacked, led by Lauren Betts and featuring Angela Dugalic , Lina Sontag and Emily Bessoir , all of whom can play on the perimeter. Betts should be an All-American this year.

USC has JuJu Watkins . Watkins, along with Rayah Marshall , is enough to keep the Trojans in the top 10, with the expectation that some transfers will make their way to Los Angeles. Beyond USC, however, a cluster of Big Ten schools dot the bottom of the rankings. Nebraska returns underclassmen Logan Nissley and Natalie Potts . Along with Alexis Markowski , that’s a core that can challenge to host NCAA Tournament games. Ohio State ’s system makes the Buckeyes hard to play during the regular season, and Madison Greene and Taylor Thierry should keep the press humming while Cotie McMahon assumes a larger role in the offense – McMahon’s relative stasis from year one to year two, prevents Ohio State from moving any higher.

Although Iowa and Indiana graduate their most important players, they have several upperclassmen who have played on big stages. Caitlin Clark and Mackenzie Holmes leave Taylor McCabe and Lilly Meister , respectively, big shoes to fill, but Lisa Bluder and Teri Moren are excellent coaches. They should figure out how to remain competitive with a less star-centric approach.

Illinois, the WBIT champion, slides in at No. 24. I was high on the Illini at this time last year, but they couldn’t quite put it together until March. The talent is there, and perhaps the postseason experience helps going forward.

Is Iowa State the Big 12 favorite?

With the departures of the Big 12 regular-season and tournament champions to the SEC, a vacuum is left atop the conference for someone to swoop into. I think it’s a year too early for Colorado and Utah, who will deeply miss Jaylyn Sherrod and Alissa Pili , but I wouldn’t be surprised to see either former Pac-12 school in the rankings at some point next season.

Iowa State is my top team in the conference — at least for now. The Cyclones ended the year strong and have four outstanding rising sophomores, led by NCAA Tournament breakout star Audi Crooks. Emily Ryan is the veteran glue who brings everyone together. As evidenced by its double-overtime defeat to Stanford , Iowa State is on the precipice of greatness.

𝑹𝒆𝒈𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒕 The postseason accolades keep coming for @AudiCrooks , a regional finalist for the WBCA All-America team! 🌪️🏀🌪️ 📰: https://t.co/IuN7yisVnF pic.twitter.com/bmko189Ate — Cyclone Basketball (@CycloneWBB) March 26, 2024

Kansas State brings back a far more veteran roster, and with Ayoka Lee in the fold, the Wildcats could recapture the form that had them at No. 2 in the polls during the 2023-24 season. They fall just behind the Cyclones because Iowa State swept the season series, and the bet is Crooks will close the gap with Lee after one year in college.

As for the rest of the Big 12, I have faith West Virginia will overwhelm opponents with its ball pressure as long as JJ Quinerly and Jordan Harrison are around. Baylor nearly made the Elite Eight but has a couple questions in the frontcourt without Dre Edwards and Aijha Blackwell . Arizona’s youngsters were thrown into the fire and acquitted themselves well; Esmery Martinez and Helena Pueyo will be missed. But the freshman class, led by Jada Williams and Breya Cunningham , is special. TCU gets in the mix as a longshot because the Horned Frogs were really cooking before injuries ripped them apart, and the demise of the Pac-12 means Mark Campbell could clean up on transfers.

Will there be a new ACC champion?

Kenny Brooks’ move to the SEC means Virginia Tech is no longer an immediate threat in the ACC. (Kentucky is almost famous for now until a full roster coalesces around Georgia Amoore and Clara Strack .) Notre Dame is the clear favorite with Olivia Miles , Hannah Hidalgo and Sonia Citron in the backcourt along with Maddy Westbeld and incoming freshman Kate Koval in the middle. The Irish could probably use another stopgap big in the portal to help Koval and Natalija Marshall , but the star talent is ridiculous already.

NC State, a Final Four squad, also will need frontcourt help in the portal, unless Maddie Cox and Mallory Collier are able to produce as sophomores. They’re a notch below Notre Dame as is, since Westbeld is a proven starter at forward, but there’s a lot of upside for the Wolfpack considering the strength of their backcourt and the player development that took place this year.

(Photo of Raven Johnson : Gregory Shamus / Getty Images)

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Sabreena Merchant is a women's basketball Staff Writer for The Athletic. She previously covered the WNBA and NBA for SB Nation. Sabreena is an alum of Duke University, where she wrote for the independent student newspaper, The Chronicle. She is based in Los Angeles. Follow Sabreena on Twitter @ sabreenajm

🏀 Women's Tourney

🏆 South Carolina wins 2024 title

🎉 A season like no other

Final seconds of the undefeated season

Final bracket

👀 Check your bracket

Codi Childs | NCAA.com | April 6, 2024

Career perfect 10 leaders in women's college gymnastics.

Florida’s Trinity Thomas landed her 28th and final perfect 10 at the 2023 national championships. She scored the perfect score in her final vault of her college career. She moved into a tie for first place on the all-time list of gymnasts with the most perfect 10s in NCAA history.

Thomas is tied with Kentucky’s Jenny Hansen and UCLA’s Jamie Dantzscher atop the list with 28 career-perfect 10s, while Georgia’s Hope Spivey sits in third with 27.

Here's an updated list of the women's college gymnasts with the most career-perfect 10s, taken from College Gym News , and each participating school’s archives.

This list has been updated through March 23, 2024.

NC women's college gymnastics career perfect 10 leaders 

^ We heard from Mary Howard, the Senior Associate Athletics Director for University of Florida gymnastics, a few days after this story was first published. After her extensive research, she discovered that while the University of Georgia’s records have Spivey at 24 career perfect 10s, three additional 10s from national championships were not included in Spivey’s totals, bringing her to 27.

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2024 women’s gymnastics championships: Schedule, dates, regionals information

2024 NC women’s gymnastics championships advancing teams and individual competitors

2024 Fayetteville Regional preview; Here's what you need to know

SMART: Self-Expanding vs. Balloon-Expandable Valve For TAVR in Patients With Small Valve Annulus

Apr 07, 2024

ACC News Story

The supra-annular self-expanding Evolut PRO/PRO+/FX TAVR device was found to be superior for valve function and noninferior for clinical outcomes at one year compared to the balloon-expandable SAPIEN 3/3 Ultra TAVR device, according to the results of the SMART trial, presented during a Late-Breaking Clinical Trial Session at ACC.24 and published simultaneously in the New England Journal of Medicine .

The trial, conducted at 83 international sites across North America, Europe and the Middle East, randomly assigned 716 patients (mean age 80 years, 87% women) who underwent TAVR and had a valve annulus ≤430 mm 2 to either the self-expanding Evolut valve or the balloon-expandable SAPIEN valve. Participants were considered to face a low to intermediate risk, with a mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality of 3.3%.

Results at one year showed that there was no significant between-group difference in the primary composite endpoint of death, disabling stroke or rehospitalization for heart failure – which occurred in 9.4% of patients who received the Evolut valve and 10.6% of those receiving the SAPIEN valve (p<0.001). For the co-primary endpoint of valve function, defined in terms of a composite of structural and nonstructural valve deterioration, blood clotting around the valve, infection of the valve and aortic valve reintervention, the Evolut device was found to be superior; the endpoint occurred in 9.4% of patients who received the Evolut valve and 41.6% of those receiving the SAPIEN valve (p<0.001).

All prespecified secondary endpoints were statistically significant in favor of the self-expanding valve, including blood pressure across the valve and the size of the valve opening. The aortic valve mean gradient at 12 months was 7.7 mm Hg with the self-expanding valve and 15.7 mm Hg with the balloon-expandable valve.

"Clinically, at one year, either valve is reasonable, and the results are pretty similar, although mild valve leaks and some measures of quality of life were better with Evolut," said Howard C. Herrmann, MD, FACC , lead author of the study. "Furthermore, this is the first time we get to identify differences between the devices that might impact later patient outcomes."

Similar results were seen across all subgroups, although the researchers plan to analyze additional subgroups to determine whether valve performance or clinical outcomes may vary among people in different age groups or among people with different comorbidities or annulus size. They also plan to assess measures of valve durability over time, which Herrmann said is becoming more important as younger patients are increasingly undergoing TAVR. Researchers will continue to track outcomes over the next five years.

This was the first trial to focus specifically on informing device selection for patients with small aortic annuli, a patient group that is primarily women and has been underrepresented in previous clinical trials for TAVR. "We think it's important to study this population, which represents up to 40% of all patients getting TAVR, and it's important to study women, who make up the majority of the small annulus population," said Herrmann.

Keywords: ACC Annual Scientific Session, ACC24, Valvular Diseases, Coronary, Peripheral, and Structural Procedures

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Iowa vs. South Carolina: Watch Women’s National Championship Game, Caitlin Clark

• Published: Apr. 07, 2024, 2:00 p.m.

Iowa and South Carolina will face off in Sunday's national championship game. (AP Photo/Carolyn Kaster) AP

• Chris Cotillo | [email protected]

A national title is on the line Sunday afternoon when South Carolina and Iowa meet in in the NCAA Women’s national championship game in Cleveland, Ohio. The Caitlin Clark-led Hawkeyes will try to end an undefeated season for the Gamecocks, who enter Sunday’s matchup at 37-0 behind head coach Dawn Staley.

The Hawkeyes punched their ticket to a second straight national title game with a nail-biter 71-69 win over Paige Bueckers and UConn on Friday night. South Carolina remained undefeated with a 19-point win over NC State in the Final Four. Iowa has never won a women’s national title before; USC won under Staley in both 2017 and 2022.

• WATCH THE GAME FOR FREE HERE

Fans with cable looking to watch the game can do so on ABC . There are streaming options available, as well, including fuboTV and DirecTV — which both offer free trials — and Sling . While Sling doesn’t offer a free trial, they do have promotional offers for the game. ESPN+ will also stream the game, with packages starting at $10.99/month. Tipoff is at 3 p.m. EST .

How to watch Iowa vs. South Carolina (Women’s National Championship Game)

Who : Iowa Hawkeyes vs. South Carolina Gamecocks ( ABC )

When : Sunday, April 7 at 3:00 p.m. EST

Where : Rocket Mortgage FieldHouse in Cleveland, Ohio

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CLEVELAND (AP) — Long before Caitlin Clark broke records, packed arenas across the country like a Taylor Swift in sneakers and inspired young girls to be like her, women’s basketball looked very different than it does today.

Until 1997, there was no WNBA. Media coverage was minimal. The madness of March was almost exclusively the men’s domain.

Born five years following the WNBA’s launch, Clark has never known anything but what she’s helped create — a spectacular game underscored by a record 12.3 million viewers watching Monday’s LSU-Iowa rematch in the NCAA Tournament — and a sport with room to grow.

While Clark has done her part with every step-back logo 3-pointer, a generation of women cleared the way.

And as the Final Four roars into Cleveland this week —- Clark is there after scoring 41 in the regional final to dethrone Angel Reese and the defending champion Tigers — those roundball revolutionaries are getting a long overdue salute.

More than 40 years later, Nancy Lieberman remembers Billie Jean King assuring her she was blazing trails.

“She told me when I was 22, ‘You’re a pioneer,’” said Lieberman, whose on-court wizardry earned her the nickname “Lady Magic” and made her a three-time Kodak All-American at Old Dominion, two-time Olympian and Naismith Hall of Famer.

“I’m like, what? I’m a pioneer? I didn’t know what she meant. I know what she means now.”

It’s easy to forget that the 1996 U.S. Olympic team, which jumpstarted two professional leagues, played in 5,000-seat arenas during the Atlanta Games. And before those leagues launched, women went overseas to play professionally.

As Clark rewrote the record books this season while pushing TV viewership to unimaginable levels and pulling unprecedented attention to the women’s game , she steered the spotlight toward stars who preceded her. With the same deft touch as one of her down-court passes for an assist to a fast-breaking teammate, Clark has connected present to past.

Before dynasties at South Carolina, UConn, Tennessee or Louisana Tech, there were dominant programs at Delta State and Immaculata University, the first women’s national champions in 1972.

Clark’s run has also illuminated the contributions of some of the sport’s giants — greats like Lieberman, Ann Meyers Drysdale, Pearl Moore, Carol Blazejowski, Cheryl Miller, Maya Moore, Lynette Woodard and many others who laid the foundation for the heights the game has reached in 2024.

These women, some of whom have records that still aren’t acknowledged by the NCAA, have been glossed over in these Tik-Tok times.

“Those are the forgotten names, and they’re only brought up because there’s a record that was being broken where we haven’t done a great job at historically producing documentaries on the history of women’s basketball,” said South Carolina coach Dawn Staley, who has her undefeated team in a fourth straight Final Four.

“We have to do a better job,” Staley added. “This day and age will be documented and told a million times, and I hope when that’s being told that we pull from the legends. We’re standing on their shoulders, and what they’ve done should not be forgotten.”

Maybe not household names like today’s top players, who have benefitted from increased media attention the past two decades, and when NIL didn’t mean name, image and likeness but literally what they received for playing, they are the ones who made everything possible.

Barrier busters and then some.

“Some people play the game, and some people change the game,” Lieberman said in a phone interview. “I changed the game. Caitlin has changed the game. Cheryl Miller changed the game. Diana Taurasi changed the game. Brittney Griner changed the game and that doesn’t mean you’re not a hell of a player.

“There’s a lot of really good players, but how many have really changed the game?”

And my, how the game has changed.

Since 1972 and Title IX’s historic passing, which at least in theory gave females the same athletic opportunities as their male counterparts, women’s basketball has grown from a gym class activity in some places to a global game.

Professional leagues with varying degrees of success started and folded before the WNBA, which has blossomed in popularity with players and teams proudly promoting social activism and inclusion — along with playing high-level hoops.

For Meyers Drysdale, it’s been like watching a child learn how to crawl, walk and run.

It’s hard to imagine, but it wasn’t that long ago when women didn’t receive athletic scholarships. In fact, Meyers Drysdale, who had a highly publicized NBA tryout 45 years ago, was the first to get four-year financial assistance.

She followed her All-American brother, Dave, and played at UCLA, a decision she made casually at a family cookout.

“David was teammates with Kenny Washington and Kenny was going to be the women’s coach,” Meyers Drysdale said. “They came home for a weekend and said, ‘How would you like to go to UCLA and play basketball?’ I said, OK. That was the extent of my recruitment.”

That memory draws a hearty laugh from Meyers Drysdale, who was Clark and LSU’s Angel Reese rolled into one.

One of 11 children, she was one of one on the court — or anywhere she competed.

Along with basketball, Meyers Drysdale played softball, badminton, field hockey, tennis and ran track. So gifted, she won the female version of ABC’s “The Superstars” and competed in the men’s event. During filming she met her husband, Don, a Hall of Fame pitcher with the Dodgers who died of a heart attack in 1993.

Her flirtation with the men’s pro game came in 1979, when Meyers Drysdale made history as the first female to get an NBA tryout after signing a $50,000 free agent contract with Indiana.

She held her own before being cut by the Pacers after six practices, but her foray on the floor with men was a pivotal moment of acceptance for women. Doors were beginning to open.

“I got a lot of publicity with my tryout,” she said. “It helped. We didn’t have podcasts. We didn’t have social media. We had the local TV stations. We had local newspapers. You didn’t have all the stuff they have today.”

Lieberman and Meyers Drysdale don’t begrudge the modern player. Just the opposite. They lit the torch and proudly passed it along.

When they were young, there were no professional star to inspire them, no chartered planes for road trips, no state-of-the-art facilities on college campuses — not even basic equipment.

The late Pat Summitt — who made a meager $250 a month when she started at Tennessee — had to fight for athletic apparel like sports bras.

“We didn’t have trainers or anyone to tape our ankles,” said Meyers Drysdale, vice president of the Phoenix Mercury. “We didn’t have practice uniforms. You’d wear the same uniform two or three years in a row.”

For Lieberman, the soaring state of women’s basketball is a testament to her generation and a new one pushing it higher.

In recent years, the 65-year-old has bonded with Clark, and Lieberman finally got to see her play in person last week when she attended the superstar’s home finale in Iowa City. When it ended, Clark presented Lieberman with one of her game-worn jerseys.

“The greatest thing that has happened to women’s basketball for the next level of growth is Caitlin Clark, Angel Reese and some of those kiddos,” Lieberman said. “But in particular what this woman has done. She kind of did this.”

Some pioneers helped.

The Associated Press contributed to this article.

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