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Road Accidents Essay for Students and Children | PDF Download

Road Accidents are the major issue that will occur every day. Transportation has become the regular lifestyle in everyone’s life. Road Accidents will take place due to the human’s carelessness and sometimes for the failure of the vehicle parts, like failing of breaks, etc. Most people die from road accidents. Road accidents are not only made by human beings intentionally sometimes it occurs due to the improper or uneven roads that were made by the government. . Similarly, but the below essay on Road Accidents will also include all the needed information about it. The below essay on the Causes of Road accidents will cover the information about the issues and how the people are suffering from road accidents and much more detailed information is listed below. In further below of the article, the quotes on Road accidents are listed.

Short Essay on Road Accidents for Students

Road Accidents cost a huge number of lives and also a large amount of property damage in all the countries. As technology increases day by day, humans need to move from one place to another place in need to fulfill their needs in their daily routine. The best and easily accessible way to migrate to a place is road transport. Roadways that connect every part of the area in the countries and some roads even combine the countries also. As an easy way to migrate the huge number of people will start using this means of transport . In this way, the accidents occur due to human mistakes and sometimes with the failure of parts of the vehicles or automobiles. In some countries, it is a challenge for people to drive on road due to improper maintenance of roads due to economical issues.

The accident is a word derived from Old Frech and Latin accidents . However, accidents cost the lives of people and some accidents lead people to the loss of body parts, or sometimes it leads the humans to be in a coma. Road accidents have a high rate of increasing day by day and cannot be controllable in the present days. In countries like India due to the heavy population, the need for roads is high as well there is no proper infrastructure for the roads. There are nearly 4.5 lakhs of accidents happening in India on average in the past few years. In these accidents, few are lead to death and some lead to loss of body parts. Road Accidents should be controlled by the governments by strictly applying the rules and regulations on people and also educating the people about road safety.

Long Essay on Road Accidents for Students

Road Accidents are one of the issues with today’s world which needs to get into control. A huge number of lives are led to their end and a lot of public asserts are getting destroyed with accidents. The major road accidents are high speed , improper driving , overtime running of the vehicle , irregular checking of vehicles , etc. All the accidents are not caused by human mistakes , some of the accidents are with the sudden trouble or failure of vehicle parts. There are other criteria in the accidents is due to the improper maintenance and infrastructure of roads and highways by the government.

According to the latest data, a huge number of accidents are causing to the people of 12-40 age . Major deaths are leading for the people who are admitted to the hospitals due to accidents . The youth imagines that riding a vehicle at high speed is the fashion and feels like the master in driving. But the accidents are occurring to them as well as to the other people on the roads. A lot of Pedestrians are facing trouble and causing an accident due to improper or overspeeding riding of vehicles . In these scenarios, they are facing trouble and making the other people face the issues. There are some cases like the person who case for the accident will be safe and the opposite person will lead to death.

In India, there are nearly 1.51 lakhs of accidents are appeared in 2018 as per the official data. More than 97 thousand people are lead to death only due to over speed. In 2018, 64.5% of the total deaths are caused by road accidents. This count of death will increase every year rather than decrease. The people of India are at the top who always violate the traffic rules even the heavy fines are charged. As India is the second populated country in the world, providing roads for the huge number of people within the small area is always a challenge to the government.

China is the top country that invests a high amount on the infrastructure of roads and developments of roads . All the other countries invest at a high rate in road infrastructure but road accidents are not at a small rate. Why Road Accidents are not in control? . Only the government cannot control the rate of accidents , people who are coming on the roads should know the traffic rules . The people who are riding the vehicles should be eligible for the rules of the government . Vehicles coming on the road should be checked daily, this was not done in major countries and which results in an accident in utmost cases .

The Government of the countries should bring up strict traffic rules and Traffic acts and should apply strictly to the people of the country. The traffic department should not get bribes if illegal activity was done on the roads. The infrastructure of roads and accidents can make the countries bring up the investments for the development of the country in all sectors. People should be self-examined while coming onto the roads. Drunk and drive , high duration of riding , parking of vehicles on roadsides are some of the know mistakes done by the people for causing road accidents.

Major road accidents are done with human mistakes themselves, so people should think about themselves and others while riding vehicles. The youth of the present generation should change a lot and be a part of decreasing road accidents and the destruction of assets . Governments should educate the people about the cons of Overspeed , improper driving , and educate them in all the possible ways. People should know the value of their lives while riding vehicles . The traffic department should bring awareness to people by the Road accidents campaigns , No accident weeks , Drives for the people and in all possible ways. Finally, life is so valuable so don’t lose your life knowingly and without little precautions.

Quotes on Road Accidents

Misfortunes one can endure – they come from outside, they are accidents. But to suffer for one’s faults – Ah! there is the sting of life.
I don’t believe in accidents. There are only encounters in history. There are no accidents.
Stop Accidents Before they stop you
Road Accident happen in a blink of an eye. An Accident can change the fate of the family. Drive Safe.
Accidents, and particularly street and highway accidents, do not happen – they are caused.
Accidents Hurt Safety Doesn’t
Alert Today Alive Tomorrow
Don’t Lose your head to gain a minute you need your head Your brains are in it
Over Speed is a Knife that cut the life
Your destination is a reward for safe driving

Road Accidents: Images

Conclusion: We believe that the above essay on Road accidents will help you at the needed times and make you know some unknown stuff. The above essay on the cause of road accidents will be helpful for the students in exams and competitions, also for UPSC & SSC aspirants.

Dear Students and Children, you can download the Road Accidents Essay in the Hand Written Format by Clicking the Below Click Here Link.

Road Accident Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on road accident.

Essay on Road Accident: Road accidents have become very common nowadays. As more and people are buying automobiles, the incidences of road accidents are just increasing day by day. Furthermore, people have also become more careless now. Not many people follow the traffic rules. Especially in big cities, there are various modes of transports. Moreover, the roads are becoming narrower and the cities have become more populated.

Thus, road accidents are bound to happen. You pick up a newspaper and you will find at least one or two news about road accidents daily. They cause loss of life as well as material. People need to be more careful when on the road, no matter which mode of transport you are from. Even the ones on foot are not safe because of the rise in these incidences. Every day people witness accidents in the news, from relatives and even with their own eyes.

Road Accident Incident

Once I was on my way back home from festive shopping when I witnessed a road accident. I was with my sister and it was around 6 o’ clock in the evening. In the middle of the road, we saw a crowd surrounding something. We weren’t quite sure what was happening as the first thought that came to our mind was that it was probably a quarrel between two men. However, when we reached the spot, we found out an accident had taken place.

Subsequently, the police arrived as the people had caught the driver and were beating him up. After the police came, they caught hold of the driver and asked about the incident. Later, we came to know that the driver was drunk. The police detained him and went to the hospital for a statement. Fortunately, the driver was declared out of danger. The doctors dressed his wounds and informed that he was still in shock.

That incident made me realize how precious our lives are. In addition, as to how we take it for granted. We must all be very careful when on road, on foot or by a car that does not matter. We can adopt measures that will prevent road accidents.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Road Accident Prevention

We need to prevent road accidents to decrease the death rate. Every year thousands of people lose their lives to road accidents. Children must be taught from an early age about traffic rules. They must be taught the value of life and how they can safeguard it.

Moreover, the government must pass more stringent laws for people who disobey traffic rules. They must fine people heavily or take strict action when found guilty of breaking these laws irrespective of gender.

Similarly, parents must set an example for the younger ones by not using phones while driving. Also, they must always wear their helmets and seatbelts to avoid the chances of an accident.

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School Education /

Essay on Road Accident in 500 Words

Updated on
Dec 13, 2023

Essay on Road Accident: Did you know how many people in a year lose their lives due to road accidents? According to the Transport Ministry of India, 1.66 lakh people died due to road accidents in 2022. This means 1 road accident death in every 3 minutes. We see in the news every day that there was a traffic accident that resulted in injuries or even deaths. Multiple reasons can cause road accidents, popular ones being wrong-side driving, road crossing, drinking and driving, etc.

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Have you seen the Road Safety commercial starring Akshay Kumar in which he explains why we should wear seat belts and helmets while driving a car or a bike? Although there is some sense of humor in this commercial, the message is quite clear; ‘ Follow traffic rules for your safety.’

Why do Road Accidents Occur?

Traffic rules violation is one of the primary reasons why road accidents occur. From not wearing seat belts or helmets to jumping the red lights, several reasons cause road accidents. Here are some of the popular reasons that cause road accidents.

Not wearing helmets on bikes.
Not wearing seat belts in the car.
Jumping traffic lights.
Overtaking/ Reckless Driving
Overspeeding
Wrong side driving
Drinking and driving

Also Read: World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims

The reports from the Transport Ministry state that drinking and driving and wrong-side drawing cause more than 50% of road accidents in India. Every time we hit the road, we see a lot of traffic, especially during the peak hours. People are always in a hurry to reach their destination. All we care about is reaching our destination on time and not about the traffic rules. Our overspeeding or rush driving can affect not only us but others as well. On top of that, it also disrupts others on the street. Rather than trying to cover your destination in less time, try to cover it safely. That’s what road safety banners say. Better be Mister Late than to be Late, Mister.

Traffic Rules to Avoid Road Accidents

Here are all the traffic rules that everyone should follow to avoid road accidents.

Ensure that you are not feeling sleepy or giddy.
Check the vehicle’s engine oil, brake oil, battery/ radiator water, brakes, indicators, horn, lights, wipers & tyres.
Plan your route before starting.
Wear a seat belt & ensure that the person on the front seat also wears it.
Drive within the prescribed speed limit (50/60 Km/hour)
Stop before the stop line red lights.
Obey road signs & road markings. Keep a safe distance from other vehicles.
Be extra alert when you see a child/animal.
Drive in the proper lane and change lanes by giving proper indications.
Use the rearview mirror frequently.

Ans: Traffic rules violations are cited as the major reason for road accidents. People do not follow traffic rules which leads to road accidents. Road accidents not only cause physical damage to you and your vehicle but also lead to death in most cases.

Ans: Road accidents are one of the major problems in countries with high populations. With so many people on the roads, people try to take shortcuts and avoid traffic rules. In India, wrong-side driving and drinking and driving are the major reasons for road accidents. People are always in a hurry to reach their destination. All we care about is reaching our destination on time and not about the traffic rules. Our overspeeding or rush driving can not only us but others as well. On top of that, it also disrupts others on the street. Rather than trying to cover your destination in less time, try to cover it safely. That’s what road safety banners say.

Ans: Following the traffic rules can help prevent road accidents. Educating ourselves and the people around us will help in reducing the number of road accidents. Use appropriate child safety seats for young children. -Regularly check and maintain your vehicle, including brakes, tires, lights, and other essential components. -Adjust your driving according to weather conditions. Slow down in rain, snow, or fog. -Keep a safe distance from the vehicle in front of you.

This was all about the Essay on Road Accident. For more information on such interesting topics, visit our essay writing page and follow Leverage Edu .

Shiva Tyagi

With an experience of over a year, I've developed a passion for writing blogs on wide range of topics. I am mostly inspired from topics related to social and environmental fields, where you come up with a positive outcome.

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Essay on Road Safety for Children and Students

Road safety is must to be paid proper attention by each and every person on the earth, whether using vehicles or not. Children and students are the most vulnerable group towards the road accidents, minor or major injuries and even death because of the lack of adult supervision. There should not be late in making children well aware about the road safety rules and measures in their early ages. It should be the duty of parents and teachers to teach them properly under their nice supervision. Need of Road Safety Knowledge for Children According to the statistics, it is found that there are most of the road accidents cases in which children are involved, so they are at high risk than other age group people. They need road safety knowledge and education from their early ages. It should be started from their home and schools by adding this subject to their syllabus. Some points are mentioned below proving the fact that why road safety is so important for kids and children: Children are children, no one can be sure about what they will do next at home or other crowded place especially road during traffic situation. Children become completely innocent, they cannot judge the vehicles speed moving on the road. Drivers also cannot recognize their mood to move on the road especially when they try to cross the road in front of the vehicle because of their small height. They cannot judge how often vehicles can come on the empty road. They can cross road from anywhere on the road because they have no idea about proper place to cross the road. They become fearful soon and do not understand what they should do when they see vehicles coming to their direction. Road Safety Rules for Children Following are some essential road safety rules play great role in protecting children from road accidents by making them responsible pedestrian on the road: Parents should teach their children to be extra attentive and look everywhere (left and right) before crossing the road street. Children should always cross the roads by holding hands of their elders or friends. They should never run on the roads, should not be in hurry or leaving parents hand and be calm. They need to be more cautious on the road without getting distracted by anything. They should be practiced by their parents to follow sidewalks only or always use left side on the roads where sidewalks are unavailable. They should be taught to only cross the roads at crossroads after seeing traffic signals for pedestrians. They must be aware of the meaning of colors (red means stop, green means go and yellow means also stop), traffic light basics and importance of traffic signs on the roads. They should use rear side of the passenger seat while getting out of a car or bus.

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Narrative Essay on Road Accident I Witnessed

Accidents on the road can be life-altering experiences, often leaving a lasting impact on those who witness them. One such incident that I witnessed a few years ago still lingers in my mind, a stark reminder of the fragility of life and the importance of road safety. This essay recounts the details of that harrowing event, aiming to shed light on the consequences of negligence and the paramount importance of vigilance while on the road.

The Day of the Accident

It was a bright and sunny afternoon in mid-July. The streets were bustling with people, and the air was filled with the usual cacophony of honking cars, chattering pedestrians, and the distant hum of city life. I was on my way home from school, walking along the sidewalk, lost in thoughts of the day’s events and the homework that awaited me.

As I approached a busy intersection, the traffic light turned green, signaling for pedestrians to cross. I waited for a few seconds, allowing a car to pass before stepping onto the zebra crossing. What happened next unfolded in a matter of seconds but felt like an eternity. A speeding motorcycle, attempting to beat the red light, swerved into view. The rider, realizing too late that he couldn’t make it, attempted to brake but lost control.

The motorcycle skidded across the road, heading straight for a pedestrian about to reach the other side. In a desperate attempt to avoid a direct collision, the rider veered to the left but ended up crashing into a nearby car. The impact was so severe that the rider was thrown off his bike, landing several feet away, motionless.

The Immediate Aftermath

The scene that followed was one of chaos and panic. The sound of the crash had drawn the attention of everyone nearby. Pedestrians screamed, and drivers honked, creating a cacophony of noise. I stood frozen, my heart racing, as I processed what I had just witnessed.

Several people rushed towards the injured rider and the occupants of the car, trying to offer assistance. I remember the overwhelming sense of helplessness as I watched them dial emergency numbers, their voices urgent and shaky. The driver of the car, visibly shaken but uninjured, stepped out to check on the rider, who lay still on the pavement.

Within minutes, the wail of sirens filled the air as an ambulance and police cars arrived at the scene. The medical team quickly attended to the rider, who was fortunately still alive but seriously injured. The police cordoned off the area, redirecting traffic and starting their preliminary investigation into the cause of the accident.

Reflections on the Incident

As the adrenaline faded and I continued my journey home, the gravity of what I had witnessed began to sink in. It was a sobering reminder of how quickly a normal day could turn tragic due to a moment of carelessness. The rider’s decision to speed and beat the red light had not only endangered his life but also those of others around him.

This incident highlighted the critical importance of road safety measures, such as obeying traffic signals, wearing helmets, and driving within speed limits. It also underscored the unpredictable nature of road accidents and the need for both drivers and pedestrians to remain vigilant at all times.

In the days that followed, I found myself more cautious and aware of my surroundings while walking or riding in a vehicle. The accident served as a powerful lesson on the consequences of negligence on the road and the collective responsibility we share in preventing such tragedies.

The road accident I witnessed was a stark reminder of the thin line between life and death and the impact of our choices behind the wheel. It taught me the importance of road safety, not just as a set of rules to follow, but as a commitment to protecting ourselves and others. As we navigate the roads of life, let us do so with caution and care, mindful of the precious lives that depend on our vigilance and responsibility. This narrative serves as a call to action for all of us to prioritize safety and make our roads safer for everyone.

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Essay on Road Accident in English

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Essay on Road Accident: We all know how difficult it is to cope up with a sudden loss of life of a near and dear one; moreover, if the person who died was the bread earner, then the lives of the dependents turn topsy-turvy. One of the major reasons for sudden or unexpected deaths in India are road accidents. The irony is that, most of the road accidents could have easily been avoided. In the following essays I have tried to discuss the causes of road accidents and also suggested some solutions. I hope you will appreciate my effort and also my essays.

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Long and Short Essay on Road Accident in English

We all know the traffic rules. We also know the consequences of not following the traffic rules. Still, the irony is no one follows it and by the time a person realizes his/her mistake, it’s too late. Now-a-days it has almost become a fashion to flout traffic rules. In the following Road Accident essay, I have tried to figure out as to why road accidents have become common in India and as to how we can reverse this trend. I hope you will like my approach and the essay on Road Accident.

Short Essay on Road Accident – Essay 1 (200 words)

Maximum people including me, believe in luck or fate but the problem is that, when something goes wrong, we blame it on fate, rather than accepting our fault. For example, if a meteor falls on one’s house and destroys it. It can be said that it’s bad luck because there was no way by which the person could have guessed its coming or could have done anything to protect his/her house but if you are going on your bike and due to some reason, your bike slips and you get a serious head injury. Is it luck? I am afraid it’s not, It’s gross negligence. If you would have worn your helmet, the head injury would have been avoided.

According to a credible research, most of the road accidents could be avoided or their effect could be minimised if proper precautions are taken. The issue is that maximum people are aware of the safety precautions and also traffic rules and regulations but they consider it (especially youngsters) cool to not to follow them. How this trend started and gained momentum can be a matter of debate but the fact is this problem has taken monstrous proportions and if something is not done urgently, then very soon things will go out of control.

I think no amount of rules and regulations can solve this problem. For this the mentality of the public (especially youngsters) needs to be changed. I think, this could be done by creating awareness among public through various awareness programs. Let’s hope that in the coming time better sense will prevail among the public and the number of deaths caused by the road accidents will come down.

Essay on Road Accidents in India – Essay 2 (300 words)

Introduction

When we were young, we were taught “precaution is better than cure”, and so many other things like “one should help a person in need”, etc but as we grow old we almost forget these things and seldom follow them and by the time we realize that what was taught to us is really true and worthwhile, it gets too late.

Road Accidents in India

According to a data, around one and a half lakh persons die due to road accidents per year in India alone and according to a research most of the deaths are avoidable. Then the million-dollar question is, “why we are not avoiding it”? From where this idea, that wearing helmets and fastening of seatbelts is boring has crept into our minds, I am unable to answer.

I tried to find the answer to the question. According to my dad, films, television and media are one of the main reasons. Film stars and television personalities are shown indulging in irresponsible behaviour in movies and serials. For example, riding very fast on a bike without a helmet and with a girl on the back who is cheering and shouting with joy. Kids and young adults who idolize film stars and television personalities find it cool and try to imitate it in real life without realizing that what was shown in the movie was complete fake or special effect.

Movies like “Dhoom” and “Fast and Furious” etc have glamorized speed. Even bike companies in their advertisements emphasize on the speed of their machines. That is why fast bikes are a craze among youth. Every boy wants to own one these and every girl wants to have a boyfriend who has one of these.

Young boys and girls are routinely found racing on empty roads (sometimes busy also) and highways by the police. Normally they are left with a strong warning but the problem is that, it is not mending them.

Government and few non-government organizations have taken the initiative to educate the youths. Even film and television stars have come out and appealed to youngsters. Progress is slow but let’s hope that in coming time people (specially youngsters) will behave more responsibly and we will be able to control road accidents in India.

Essay on Road Accidents, Causes and Remedies – Essay 3 (400 words)

We Indians are a great lot and are really great at discipline. Where it is written “no parking”, there one can easily find many vehicles parked. This is a very common scene in cities. The next one is more hilarious. In government offices one can find writen on the wall, “do not spit” or in Hindi, “Yahan pe thukna mana hai”. At that very place you will find lots of spits”. The silver lining is that, at least it’s not life threatening but not following traffic rules and guidelines could result in loss of life.

Causes and Remedies of Road Accidents

Lack of discipline

I think, this is the biggest reason of road accidents. We are aware of the rules but just don’t follow them. The most common rule which we don’t follow is, wearing of helmets and fastening of seat belts. This simple precaution can save us from serious injuries in case of accidents and it is easy to follow.

On should not cross a railway crossing when it is closed but who cares. It is common to find bikers and cyclists pushing their vehicles from under the closed bars. When asked for reason, the common reply is, “sir ji late ho raha tha”. I am unable to understand why one would risk his life, just to save 5 or 10 minutes. If you want to reach your office/home in time, then it is a good idea to move a bit early but crossing a closed railway crossing is not advisable as it could result in serious injuries or even loss of life.

Mobile phones have revolutionised our world but at many times they prove a big nuisance. It is common to find people chatting on their mobile phones while they are driving. This increases the risk of accident many times. It is not advisable to talk on the phone even if using hands free because one still gets distracted.

Listening to music or radio is also not advisable while driving because it can also cause distraction. If we follow all these rules (be in discipline), there is a good chance that we may never meet an accident.

Natural and other Causes

There are many factors which are under our control but also there are some factors which are not under our control. For example, bad roads, bad weather, stray animals etc. I agree, these factors are not under our control but if we take precautions, we can minimize the effect of accidents in case they happen.

People need to be convinced that following rules and being in discipline is also cool and it is in their interest to follow traffic rules.

Essay on How to Prevent Road Accidents – Essay 4 (500 words)

We all are used to ignore statutory warnings. Be it cancer warnings on chewing tobacco and cigarettes or traffic warnings, like, “drive slow”, “do not overtake” etc. Normally our attitude towards them is that, they are meant to be ignored.

Actually, preventing road accidents is very easy, there is no rocket science in it. We just have to stick to basics but the problem is, who cares.

How to Prevent Road Accidents

Do not Over Speed

We all love speed. This is why fast bikes and fast cars are in great demand. Even manufactures highlight the speed of their machines in their advertisements. When traffic police catch us speeding, then our standard excuse is, “sir, I was getting late for office”. I am sure most of us will agree to the fact that it’s a lame excuse. The solution to this is simple, “leave your house early”.

Sometimes we do it for fun (specially youngsters indulge in racing or stunts). I think they get inspired from movies and serials without realizing that what is shown to us is special effect and fake.

Do not Drink and Drive

This reason is responsible for a majority of major road accidents. First of all, it is not a good idea to drink but let’s say, you end up eventually having few glasses in a friend’s party then under no circumstances should you be driving. You can ask someone who is not drunk, to drive or you can take a taxi etc.

It has been proven scientifically that alcohol reduces the ability of the mind to think and react properly. Therefore, doesn’t matter how confident you are feeling, you should never drive after drinking. Certain medications also cause the same effect on mind as alcohol. So, if your doctor has advised you not to drive after taking some medications, then you should avoid doing it. As by doing it you are putting your life and also others life in danger.

Learn Driving Before Driving

Most of us have never learnt driving formally (I mean in a driving school or by a driving instructor). Someone (normally relatives) just guide us a bit and then we think we are good to go. Persons (specially teenagers) who don’t know proper driving are at more risk than those persons who know proper driving.

This is why there is a driving test before one can get a driving licence but every one knows the reality. For few thousand rupees one can get a driving licence (without giving a driving test).

There are many who don’t have a driving licence at all and they continue to drive freely. If one is caught then he/she just gives a few hundred rupees to the concerned official and you are good to go.

Proper Maintenance of Roads

Many accidents also happen due to poor maintenance of roads. For example, potholes, broken roads, open manholes etc increase the chance of accidents. Therefore, they should be taken care of, to decrease the chances of accident.

If one is careful and follows all rules and regulations carefully then many road accidents could be avoided and our roads will become safer.

Long Essay on Road Accident – Essay 5 (600 words)

Accident by definition means, “an unexpected and unintentional incident, causing damage or injury” but in most of the cases accidents can be avoided, if certain precautions are taken. So, if we take precautions, it’s good for us and if we don’t take precautions then we ourselves are responsible for the consequences.

According to a data around 1.5 lakh people die per year due to road accidents in India alone. Of course, this number could be reduced easily but for that we have to change our attitude and start following traffic rules and regulations.

What Precautions should be taken to Avoid Road Accidents?

Never Drive when Feeling Tired or Sleepy

Normally when we are returning from day’s work, we are tired. There is good chance we may feel a bit sleepy. In that case one should never drive because the chance of (serious) accident increases. It’s a good idea to relax a bit and then drive or better take a taxi.

Never Drive under the Influence of Alcohol or other Drugs which Hamper the Ability of the Brain

This one is a strict no-no. Under no circumstances one should drive after consuming alcohol. If some one does it, he/she is risking his/her life and also the life of others.

Wear Helmets and Seatbelts while Driving

This rule is the easiest one to follow and has great benefits. This minimizes the effect in case of an accident.

Never use your Mobile Phone while Driving

This rule is one of the most leniently followed. It is very common to find people talking on their mobile phone while driving. Talking on the mobile phone causes diversion of mind and in a flip second one can lose control and that can cause accident.

Jumping Red Light can be Fatal

Traffic lights are made for a purpose. If you jump a red light (no matter why), you run the chance of getting hit by a vehicle coming from other direction. Therefore, it’s a good idea to stop at red light and move only when it’s green.

Never Overspeed

No matter, how tempted you feel to speed up your car or bike after hearing the title tune of “Dhoom”. One should never do it because we all know that what is shown in movies is not real.

Sometimes people speed up to reach the office/house on time. For this, the easy solution is to start your journey a bit early.

Make Sure your Headlights and Tail Lights are in Working Condition

Suppose you are driving in night and you want to turn your vehicle to the left, so you turn on your left indicator but your tail light is not working, so the driver behind you was not able to know that you want to turn and he hits your car.

This is a possible scenario. So, it’s a good idea to keep your car in good condition and get it repaired as soon as you find any faults.

Drive Slowly and more Carefully in Bad Weather

The chances of accident increases by many folds in bad weather (rain, storm, snow etc). Therefore, one should avoid driving in bad weather but if that is not possible then one should drive very carefully and slowly otherwise he/she can get hurt.

Busting of Tires

Suppose you are driving on a lonely road and your car runs over an iron nail and your tire bursts. There is a chance that your car may flip or your car may get hit by another car. An iron nail was there on the road. You can’t do anything about that but if you had taken precautions like driving under speed limit and wearing of seatbelts, you can definitely minimize the effect of the accident.

There are so many things which are under our control and also there are some things which are not under our control. So, let’s do what we can do and leave the rest to God. With some effort I am sure we can bring down the number of road accidents.

A Road Accident Essay

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Essay On Road Accidents

Post category: Essay
Reading time: 8 mins read

Set 1:Essay On Road Accidents

Road transport is very popular in India . Small towns, villages and big cities are well connected by roads in our country. It is very convenient and economic to travel by road. But the condition of roads is very poor in India. The condition worsens during the rainy season . The number of vehicles and commuters is increasing so fast that the existing network of roads is not sufficient. As a result, every day hundreds of fatal accidents take place on roads. There is a great loss of human and economic wealth.

The strain of traffic on the road is increasing day by day. Another problem is that a variety of vehicles are running on the roads here. For example trucks, cars, buses, tractors, scooters, tempos, bicycles, bullock carts, horse carriages, pedestrians, horses , cows , and donkeys. Some vehicles are too fast while some are too slow.

Overcrowding in buses is common in villages and cities. We can see a family of four traveling on a two-wheeler. As a result, serious accidents occur. Traffic rules are not strictly followed. The condition of the road is very bad. But the condition of vehicles is even worse. Old vehicles are continued to be used. They are not properly maintained. They emit a lot of smoke and pollute the environment . Because of the overburden of passengers, the vehicles and roads deteriorate.

Vehicles are parked anyhow. Shops, restaurants, and hotels are built in public places. There are big potholes on the roads. They cause hurdles in the traffic and accidents to occur. To prevent road accidents it is essential to make long-term as well as short-term plans. The number of roads should be increased. Old roads must be repaired and maintained regularly. The drivers must be properly trained. There should be separate lanes for slow vehicles. Vehicles should be checked for speed, maintenance, utility. Those who break traffic rules must be severely punished. All these precautions might reduce the number of traffic accidents.

Set 2: Essay On A Road Accident

In big cities accidents take place very often. We hear about road accidents or read about them in newspapers or even watch such sights on television.

Accidents very often result in loss of life and property. Most of these are caused by carelessness of the drivers or their failing to follow the traffic rules.

One evening my brother and I made up our minds to go to the Elite Cinema to see the movie “Chalte Chalte”. We walked fast down the crowded road so as not to be late for the beginning of the show. All of a sudden there was a loud noise. I saw a man being flung into the air and dropped with a thud on the pavement. He was hit by a car. The driver was going at a normal speed. A lorry, however, was coming in the opposite direction at a great speed. The driver of the car tried to avoid banging into the lorry by turning quickly to the side, but he lost control and crashed into a lamppost hitting a passerby at the same time.

The man was seriously injured on the head and face. He was bleeding from the nose and his leg was badly bruised.

Immediately a large crowd gathered and the police on duty had a difficult time controlling them. The wounded man was taken to the hospital when the ambulance arrived. He was given first-aid and declared out of danger.

The police took both the drivers to the police station and an FIR was made. The car driver was let off but the driver of the lorry was held back for further questioning.

Set 3: Essay On A Road Accident

Accidents are very common in big cities as there are many modes of transport and roads are becoming narrow and overcrowded. We hear of them and read about them in newspapers almost daily.

Such accidents result in loss of life and material. These are caused by carelessness of drivers and their ignorance and negligence of traffic rules.

Once my brother and I decided to see a movie at Golcha Cinema at Daryaganj in Delhi. As we were getting late for the show, we began walking fast along the crowded road. All of a sudden there was a loud noise.

I saw a man rolling on the ground. He had been knocked down by a car. The car driver was driving at normal speed. He saw a lorry coming from the opposite direction. It was being driven rashly.

Since the car driver feared a collision, he tried to turn his vehicle aside, but his clutch wire gave way and the machine got out of control. It ran into a passerby and hit the pavement.

The man was seriously wounded. He sustained injuries on the head and face. His nose was bleeding and one his legs was badly bruised. A crowd gathered on the spot. The wounded man was rushed to a nearby hospital.

Some people started abusing and hitting the car driver. Some one tried to convince them that it was not his fault. It was just an accident.

Luckily, the victim was declared out of danger. His wounds were dressed and he was advised rest in bed to get over the shock.

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Road Accident Essay

Collisions involving one or more automobiles are referred to as road accidents. Other "moving items," like pedestrians or bikes, may also be involved. Because of the rise in vehicles on the road, traffic accidents are commonplace in large cities. Here are a few sample essays on the topic ‘road accidents’.

100 Words Essay On Road Accident

Nowadays, road accidents are a widespread occurrence in our country. Lack of traffic education is the main factor in many accidents. Numerous drivers operate vehicles without having received a proper education in traffic laws. The government needs to act appropriately to stop them.

I saw a terrible accident a few days ago happening right in front of me, close to my college. After my afternoon coaching class, I was returning home. No one was with me; I was by myself. A truck approached from the other side of the street at full speed as a man attempted to cross. The vehicle was moving so quickly that the man had to run to get by it. He was hit by the truck and was instantly killed. I froze on the road because I went into shock, and it was only after people gathered at the scene that I was able to move.

200 Words Essay On Road Accident

Road accidents are widespread in large cities because of the large number of trucks, buses, auto rickshaws, cars, and other vehicles. Traffic law violations are the primary cause of road accidents. This is why adherence to traffic laws must be there. However, people frequently violate them, particularly when they are aware that the police don't usually capture them. While those who disobey the law and get away with it are fortunate to avoid being caught, they put their lives in danger each time they do so.

Road accidents can occur when people violate traffic laws, such as by running red lights, exceeding the posted speed limit, etc. This is why we should always abide by the laws that are established because they are there to protect us.

To ensure that we are protected even in the event of an accident, we must always wear seat belts in cars and helmets when riding scooters or motorcycles. In order to prevent severe road accidents, we should abide by these traffic safety regulations. Because of negligent drivers, even pedestrians might suffer injuries in traffic accidents.

Many of us have probably witnessed traffic accidents in person, on television, or in the movies. They can be quite frightening, therefore we must always exercise extreme caution when we are outside.

500 Words Essay On Road Accident

Road accidents are relatively common. Road accidents are becoming increasingly common because people use personal vehicles for all types of work, which causes gathering and accidents to happen. Nowadays, the laws of the road are rarely observed by people. There are many reasons for road accidents. One of the primary reasons for road accidents is cities are populating more densely, and roads are not in good condition.

Whenever we pick up a newspaper, we find at least one or two stories involving road accidents. Road accidents cause both material and human loss. So, regardless of the kind of transportation we choose, we need to drive more cautiously. Due to increased road accidents, even those walking on the roadside are unsafe. We see accidents daily- in the news, listening to family members, and even personally on mobile phones. We should always follow traffic rules while travelling and be careful of other vehicles.

Road Accident Prevention

To decrease the death rate, we must prevent road accidents. Thousands of people lose their lives in road accidents each year. Traffic laws must be taught to children at a young age. They must be instructed on life's worth and how to preserve it. Additionally, the government must create stricter rules for those who break traffic laws. Regardless of age and gender, they must punish those guilty of breaking these rules or take additional practice.

An Experience That Changed Me

Once, I was returning home from holiday shopping when a car accident happened in front of me. It was around five o'clock in the evening, and I was with my mother. We noticed a group crowding over something in the middle of the road. We weren't entirely sure what was happening because our initial assumption was that there was a fight between two men. But when we got there, we saw there had been an accident.

We then learned the entire story. A truck struck a man crossing the street, seriously injuring him. People were asking for an ambulance as the man was bleeding heavily and lying on the ground. Time was of the essence, so we immediately contacted the ambulance.

The police then arrived as the driver was being beaten up after being captured by the crowd. When the police arrived, they grabbed the driver and questioned him about the incident. Later, we learned that the driver had been drinking. He was held by the police, who then went to the hospital to get a statement. Fortunately, it was determined that the victim was safe. His wounds were treated by the physicians, who also noted that he was still in shock.

That incident made me realise how precious our lives are. We must all be cautious when on the road, walking, or by car; that does not matter.

We should always be careful on the roads. When we drive two-wheelers, we should wear a helmet, and when we are driving a car or truck, we should wear a seat belt. Parents must also act as an example for their children by never using a phone while driving. To reduce the likelihood of an accident, they must always wear their seatbelts and helmets.

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Significance of chronic toxoplasmosis in epidemiology of road traffic accidents in Russian Federation

Ekaterina v. stepanova.

1 Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation

Anatoly V. Kondrashin

Vladimir p. sergiev.

2 Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitic Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation

Lola F. Morozova

Natalia a. turbabina, maria s. maksimova, alexey i. brazhnikov.

3 Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation

Sergei B. Shevchenko

Evgeny n. morozov.

4 Department of Tropical, Parasitic Diseases and Disinfectology, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation

Associated Data

All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information file.

Studies carried out in Moscow residents have revealed that the prevalence of chronic toxoplasmosis is very close to those in countries of Eastern and Central Europe. Our findings also demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between the rate of traffic accidents and the seroprevalence of chronic toxoplasmosis in drivers who were held responsible for accidents. The latter was 2.37 times higher in drivers who were involved in road accidents compared with control groups. These results suggest that the consequences of chronic toxoplasmosis (particularly a slower reaction time and decreased concentration) might contribute to the peculiarities of the epidemiology of road traffic accidents in the Russian Federation and might interfere with the successful implementation of the Federal Programme named “Increase road traffic safety”. Suggestions for how to address overcome this problem are discussed in this paper.

Introduction

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are very serious health and social problems worldwide. In the Russian Federation, this problem is particularly acute compared with other countries that have similar levels of social and economic development. According to the WHO Road Safety Estimations, the road traffic death rate (per 100000 population) in the Russian Federation was 18.9 in 2013, which was two times lower than that in many developing countries [ 1 ] but much higher compared with European countries such as the Netherlands (3.4), Germany (4.3), Finland (4.8), and the Czech Republic (6.1) [ 2 ].

The demographic burden of RTA and their consequences is enormous. According to the State Statistical Bureau of Russia, during the period 1985–2012, the total number of RTAs in the Russian Federation exceeded 5 million, with more than 850000 people dead. More than 6 million suffered injuries of various degrees of severity. Major trauma, including concomitant injuries, multi-organ injuries, and composite fractures, represents more than 60% of all injuries and leads to the handicap of more than 6000 persons annually. Reports from the Ministry of Health reveal that the total number of fatal cases due to RTAs is 12 times higher and that the number of disabilities is 6–7 times higher compared with that among other causes of injury. The annual economic burden due to the RTA in the Russian Federation is estimated at approximately 1 trillion rubles (US $ 16.7 billion as of 20.12.2016).

The government of the Russian Federation considers road safety to be one of the most important goals for social and economic development. An appreciation and concern for the magnitude of the problem is reflected in the allocation of considerable amount of funds to establish and implement various activities within the framework of the Federal Program “Increase road traffic safety, 2013–2020” under the lead agency Road Safety Commission of the Government of Russian Federation. The aim of the program, at the cost of almost 36 trillion rubles (US $36 billion), is the annual reduction of the number of fatal cases due to RTA by 29% (not more than 8000 cases) by 2020 compared to 2012. Prior to launching the Program, the epidemiological peculiarities of RTAs in the Russian Federation were ascertained and appear to be determined by interaction of several factors. One of the most important factors was believed to be the discordance between the ever-increasing intensity of road traffic (particularly for the last 15–20 years), followed by the tempo of the construction of new roads and the proper maintenance of the existing road network. It was also found that the violation of the National rules of the road was the cause of almost 85% of all RTAs, of which drivers were responsible for 70%-75% [ 3 ].

For 55% of the RTAs, the cause was exceeding the speed limit and breaking the rules at the regulated intersections (30%). A considerable number of road accidents have been committed by drivers under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Road traffic deaths involving alcohol represent 8% of all deaths on the roads [ 4 ]. However, one of the factors contributing to the peculiarities of the epidemiology of RTAs in Russia was not considered. This factor is the consequences of chronic toxoplasmosis among persons involved in RTAs. This was not analyzed, although a number of publications on the subject have been available abroad since the mid- 1990s [ 5 , 6 ].

Unlike its acute form, chronic toxoplasmosis is not accompanied by manifested clinical symptoms of the disease [ 7 ]. The chronic form of toxoplasmosis in the Russian Federation is still considered a phenomenon of asymptomatic carriage, and clinicians do not consider it a health problem. A previous study revealed that the prevalence of latent toxoplasmosis in the Russian Federation is 5%-7% in Republic Saha and Omsk province, both of which are in Eastern Siberia [ 8 ]. Investigations in other parts of the country have not been carried out.

Worldwide interest and concern for the emerging problem of toxoplasmosis, especially its chronic form, have been demonstrated over the last 15–20 years, when new dimensions of the disease were established. The results of monitoring Toxoplasma -infected persons have revealed behavioral changes among them compared with uninfected persons. The intensity of such changes is closely correlated with the duration of chronic toxoplasmosis [ 6 , 9 , 10 ]. It appears that the mechanism that determines the personality changes is associated with an increase in the production of the neurotransmitter dopamine, affecting a person’s motor activity, aggression and social behavior [ 11 , 12 ]. Once in the nerve or inside the muscle tissue, the parasite forms cysts that cause the development of chronic toxoplasmosis [ 13 , 14 ]. It was shown that Toxoplasm a localizes in the nerve cells of the brain and stimulates the production of dopamine. This effect could be responsible for prolongation of person’s reaction time and ability to concentrate [ 15 ] and also for an increased risk of traffic and working place incidents, as convincingly demonstrated in epidemiological studies in the Czech Republic, the Republic of Turkey, and Mexico [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Subsequent observations among toxoplasmosis-infected persons conducted in various countries have confirmed significant behavioral changes, including personality changes, IQ loss and altered psychomotor activity, including an increased risk of involvement in road traffic accidents [ 10 , 11 , 13 ].

Thus, the objectives of our study were a) to determine the prevalence of chronic toxoplasmosis in the city and region of Moscow and b) to establish the probable role of the disease in the epidemiology of RTAs in the Russian Federation to facilitate the successful implementation of the Federal Program.

The study was performed at the Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University and the Moscow Sklifosovskii Institute of Emergency Medicine during 2015.

To establish the general prevalence of chronic toxoplasmosis among residents of Moscow city, examinations were carried out among persons attending the Outpatient Department at the Clinical Center of the Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University. No special criteria were selected for examination in terms of age, sex and occupation. A total of 1272 persons were examined ( Table 1 ).

To address the second objective, we carried out an analytical epidemiological “case-control” study represented by two groups: experimental and control. The experimental group consisted of persons in possession of a valid driving license who were hospitalized because of a road traffic accident for which they were responsible. All persons in the experimental group were patients of the Sklifosovsky Medical Emergency Institute, Moscow. The criteria for inclusion were a) proof that the admitted person was driving at the time of the accident, b) evidence that their actions/behavior had led to the occurrence of the accident; and c) age from 18–45 years.

The criterion for exclusion was driving at the time of an accident under the influence of alcohol/drugs. A total of 100 persons constituted the experimental group, with 65 men and 35 women (Tables (Tables2 2 and and3 3 ).

The control group consisted of 152 healthy persons aged 18–45 years (82 men and 70 women), who were undergoing routine medical examinations at the Clinical Centre of Sechenov University.

Participants in the experimental and control groups were informed about the purposes of the study, and informed consent was obtained before enrollment in the study.

All study patients were tested for the presence of IgG- and IgM-specific antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii . The determination of specific immunoglobulin G and M in the blood serum of the study groups (experimental and control) were determined using “Vector-Toxo of IgG” (Vector-Best, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation) and “Vector Toxo-IgM” enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kits, produced by JSC “VECTOR-BEST.” The indicator of chronic toxoplasmosis in a patient was the presence of IgG in the absence of IgM [ 13 ].

The statistical significance of the results in the experimental and control groups was obtained using the χ² criterion, and the odds ratio (OR) was calculated with a level of reliability not less than 95%. The Statistical Package EpiInfo Version was employed for calculations. Additionally, we used the Pearson Correlation, Partial Correlation, and Mantel-Haenszel Common Odds Ratio Estimate.

Ethical considerations

The study was approved by the Research Ethics Board of Health of the Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (protocol № 04–13, 10.04.2013). Participants in the experimental and control groups were informed about the purposes of the study, and informed consent was obtained before enrollment in the study in verbal form.

Results and discussion

The prevalence of chronic toxoplasmosis in the residents of Moscow city is presented in Table 1 . These values were considerably higher (25.39%, n = 1272) in our study than those obtained earlier in Eastern Siberia in Russia [ 8 ]. This could be attributed to the differences in the living conditions and food preferences of the local population. However, our findings are quite close to the results obtained in Austria, Croatia, Slovenia, and Switzerland [ 20 , 21 , 22 ].

The results of the examination of blood serum in the experimental and control groups are presented in Tables Tables2 2 and and3 3 .

As seen in Table 2 , the immunoglobulin M was absent in both groups, whereas immunoglobulin G was present in 45% of those tested in the experimental group compared to 26% in the control group. The absence of the immunoglobulin IgM in conjunction with the presence of IgG suggests the presence of persons with exclusively the chronic form of toxoplasmosis in both the experimental and control groups. It was found that the number of seropositive subjects with IgG in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Thus, among the persons involved in traffic accidents who were responsible for their occurrence, the incidence of cases with chronic toxoplasmosis was more than twice that in the control group.

The results of our studies are quite close to those obtained in the Czech Republic, where it was found that the risk for traffic accidents in subjects with chronic toxoplasmosis was 2.65 times (2.37 in our study) higher than in the control group [ 16 ].

In Turkey, which has a traffic toll of approximately 7500 persons annually, similar epidemiological studies revealed that the risk of accidents in the experimental group was between 2 and 4 times higher than that in the control group [ 17 , 18 ].

Thus, both our results and those obtained abroad suggest the presence of a link between the incidence of chronic toxoplasmosis and road traffic accidents.

The role of the consequences of chronic toxoplasmosis in the changes of the personality profile of an infected person has been well established. A slower reaction time and decreased concentration are most remarkable features among the changes in an infected person [ 6 , 23 ]. These changes are particularly important while driving [ 16 ]. The results of studies carried out among 3890 military drivers (men) in the Czech Republic revealed that persons with high titers of Toxoplasm a antibodies had a 6-fold higher frequency of accidents compared with uninfected persons [ 24 ].

It is believed that the mechanism of such phenomena in general is related to the modulation of dopamine levels (increased or decreased) as a result of the presence of the parasite in brain cells [ 25 , 26 ]. The consequences of such modulation can be seen in the changing behavior in affected individuals, with marked sex differences and similarities. Men with chronic toxoplasmosis have higher and women lower concentrations of testosterone [ 15 ]. The direction of toxoplasmosis-associated shift in intelligence, extroversion, suspiciousness, strength of superego, and self-sufficiency differ between men and women. However, no differences in the direction of such shifts were observed in consciousness, novelty seeking, and the reaction time impairment and these changes could result in a higher risk of road traffic accidents [ 5 , 6 , 14 , 27 ].

The data in Table 3 show that the effect of toxoplasmosis was significant and similar for men (OR = 2.2, CI 95 = 1.04–4.66, p<0.02) and women (OR = 2.6, CI 95 = 1.02–6.8,p<0.02). Similar prevalence of seropositive subjects was found in men and women and this was true both in the experimental and the control group despite the fact that the prevalence of toxoplasmosis was about two times higher in the experimental group.

To assess the possible confounding effects of sex, we performed also the Mantel-Haenzel test. The OR adjusted for sex was 2.35 CI 95 1.37–4.03.

It appears that similarities in the behavioral changes of infected men and women driving on the roads determines “aggressive driving,” the neglect of driving rules, and ignoring pedestrians. In conjunction with inadequate road conditions, which currently prevail in Russia, these factors might contribute to an increased risk of road traffic accidents.

As of today, the Federal Program is in its 4 th year of implementation (2013–2016). During that period, the proportion of the federal and regional network of roads that fully correspond to the national standards has increased from 39% in 2013 to 71% in 2016. However, an appreciable improvement of the road’s standards has not been accompanied by an expected reduction of the total number of RTA and its consequences, as exemplified by the following data. For example, in 2015, there were total of 151000 serious RTAs, with 19000 fatal cases. Approximately 190000 persons were injured with traumas of various degrees of severity. Over the first 9 months of 2016, the total reported number of RTAs was more than 133000, in which 16000 persons died and 168000 persons were injured. Thus, these data indicate that the “human factor”, drunk driving, a low rate of seat-belt wearing, excess speed, a violation of overtaking rules, inadequate behavior in extreme situations, not keeping a stipulated distance between vehicles while driving and the probable consequences of chronic toxoplasmosis—continue to play extremely important roles in the current epidemiology of RTAs in the Russian Federation. The limited scale of our studies did not allow us to precisely calculate the number of RTAs that were directly related to chronic toxoplasmosis. However, one cannot exclude the probability that the consequences of the disease might act in conjunction with other factors, for example, with the presence of alcohol in the blood of the person who caused the RTA. Another factor limiting the possibility to exactly quantify the real impacts of latent toxoplasmosis, e.g. to compute the attributable risk, is the fact that the results of several studies abroad have demonstrated that th Rh positive subjects, especially the heterozygotes, are protected against many negative effects of toxoplasmosis, including impairment of reaction times [ 28 ] and an increased risk of traffic accidents [ 23 ]. In addition, the impairment of reaction times increases [ 23 , 28 ] but the risk of traffic accidents decreases with the duration of the Toxoplasma infection [ 24 ].

We strongly feel that the results of our studies clearly indicate the necessity to address the consequences of chronic toxoplasmosis in the implementation of the Federal Program on Road Safety in Russian Federation, on par with other factors contributing to the problem of road accidents. One of the possible steps towards solving the problem might be an entry screening for toxoplasmosis in every student in every driving school. Licensed drivers should be tested for toxoplasmosis during routine medical examinations. Considering the magnitude of road accidents involving pedestrians, Special Programs should be developed to prevent road accidents, specifically programs targeting school children. To that effect, negotiations with the national authorities are already in progress. Thus, our experience could be extended to individuals who are engaged in other fields of activity, for example, the screening of conscripts and members of the military who drive and manage various military equipment, including aircraft.

It should be kept in mind, however, that the solution to chronic toxoplasmosis with respect to road safety lies in the development of efficient specific drugs targeting parasitic cysts.

Strength and limitations of the study

The results of this study provide very useful information that can be used to educate physicians in the Russian Federation who are still unaware of the consequences of chronic toxoplasmosis. This information may also be used while assessing the progress of the Federal Program on road safety in Russia.

There are some confounders in our study that might have interfered with the reliability of the obtained results. This study is limited in terms of the generalizability of the findings, as it examined the inhabitants of Moscow city only. With respect to the overall prevalence of chronic toxoplasmosis among the residents of Moscow city, no data on the territorial distribution within the study area were ascertained. The availability of such data might provide an idea of whether the distribution of the infection is diffused or focal. With respect to the comparative prevalence of chronic toxoplasmosis in the experimental and control groups, the limiting factors could be considered to be as follows. First, the study was confined to drivers who were held responsible for RTAs. The role of pedestrians involved in RTAs and their responsibility were not studied. The combined prevalence in drivers and pedestrians might be higher. Second, the age groups were limited to only those aged 18–45 years. The inclusion of subject older than 45 years of age might increase or decrease the prevalence of chronic toxoplasmosis in both groups. Third, the possibility of different protection against negative effects of toxoplasmosis in RTAs among the Rh positive and Rh negative subjects was not established. Fourth, the decrease of the risk of traffic accidents during the Toxoplasm a infection was not studied.

Conclusions

The results of our studies had revealed that frequency of chronic toxoplasmosis among residents of the city and region of Moscow in the Russian Federation is very close to those in many European countries. It was also demonstrated that the statistically significant frequency of chronic toxoplasmosis among drivers, regardless of gender and the responsibility for road accidents, was more than 2 times higher compared with that of the control group. The results of our studies are consistent with data from similar studies in other countries.

We suggest that the results of our research should be taken into consideration during the implementation of the Federal Road Safety Program. These results show that the effect of latent toxoplasmosis could play a very important role in the epidemiology of road accidents in the Russian Federation.

Supporting information

Acknowledgments.

The authors are very grateful to the medical personnel of the Sklifosovski Institute for their very valuable assistance during the studies.

Funding Statement

The authors received no specific funding for this work.

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Road traffic fatalities rate in Moscow 2010-2020

Number of road traffic deaths per 100,000 residents in moscow from 2010 to 2020.

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