upsc essay topics year wise

UPSC Essay Topic wise Question Papers of last 31 years (1993-2023) for Civil Services IAS/IPS Exam Free Download

In the UPSC mains examination, essay paper is worth 250 marks and three hours. Here is the topic wise questions from the earlier years for the benefit of civil service IAS IPS aspirants.

1.1 India Since Independence

1.2 federalism, decentralization, 1.3 administration, 1.4 judiciary, 1.5 poverty, social justice, 1.6 indian society, culture and values, 1.7 media, tv & cinema, literature, 2.1 growth vs development, 2.2 environment vs development, 2.4 sectors of economy, 3.1 values in education, 3.2 scheme implementation, 3.3 higher education, 4.1 character, honesty, ethics, 4.2 knowledge, 4.3 compassion, 4.4 truth and reality, 4.5 youth, discipline, 4.6 towards excellence, 5.1 @national politics, 5.2 @world / quote type, 5.3 empowerment overall, 5.4 compared to men, 6.1 globalization, 6.2 international org./ bilateral, 6.3 security, 6.4 history, 7.1 science and religion, 7.2 science and education, 7.3 computer and internet, 7.4 sci-tech: others, appendix: linear paper of upsc essay 2023, appendix: linear paper of upsc essay 2022, appendix: model answer pe free lecture & powerpoint, appendix: syllabus of essay paper in upsc, 1 india: democracy, administration, society, culture.

Is the Colonial mentality hindering India’s Success? -2013
In the context of Gandhiji’s views on the matter, explore, on an evolutionary scale, the terms ‘Swadhinata’, ‘Swaraj’ and ‘Dharmarajya’. Critically comment on their contemporary relevance to Indian democracy -2012
Dreams which should not let India sleep. -2015
Why should we be proud of being Indians? -2000
Whither Indian democracy? -1995
How far has democracy in India delivered the goods? -2003
What we have not learnt during fifty years of independence. -1997
What have we gained from our democratic set-up? -2001
My vision of India in 2001 a.d. -1993
Impact of the new economic measures on fiscal ties between the union and states in India. -2017
Water disputes between States in federal India. -2016
Cooperative federalism : Myth or reality. -2016
Creation of smaller states and the consequent administrative, economic and developmental implication -2011
Evaluation of panchayati raj system in India from the point of view of eradication of power to people. -2007
Water resources should be under the control of the central government. -2004
The language problem in India: its past, present and prospects. -1998
There are better practices to “best practices”. -2021
How should a civil servant conduct himself? -2003
Politics without ethics is a disaster. -1995
The VIP cult is a bane of Indian democracy -1996
Need for transparency in public administration -1996
The country’s need for a better disaster management system. -2000
Politics, bureaucracy and business – fatal triangle. -1994
We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws. -2017
Justice must reach the poor -2005
Judicial activism and Indian democracy. -2004
Judicial activism. -1997
A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity. (- जिस समाज में अधिक न्याय होता है उस समाज को दान की कम आवश्यकता होती है।) – 2023
There can be no social justice without economic prosperity but economic prosperity without social justice is meaningless (बिना आर्थिक समृद्धि के सामाजिक न्याय नहीं हो सकता, किन्तु बिना सामाजिक न्याय के आर्थिक समृद्धि निरर्थक है ) -2020
Neglect of primary health care and education in India are reasons for its backwardness. -2019
The focus of health care is increasingly getting skewed towards the ‘haves’ of our society. -2009
Food security for sustainable national development -2005
Reservation, politics and empowerment. -1999
Culture is what we are, civilization is what we have (जो हम है, वह संस्कार; जो हमारे पास है, वह सभ्यता ) -2020
Indian culture today: a myth or a reality? -2000
Modernism and our traditional socio-ethical values. -2000
The composite culture of India. -1998
The Indian society at the crossroads. -1994
From traditional Indian philanthropy to the gates-buffet model-a natural progression or a paradigm shift? -2010
New cults and godmen: a threat to traditional religion -1996
Biased media is a real threat to Indian democracy. -2019
Responsibility of media in a democracy. -2002
Role of media in good governance -2008
Does Indian cinema shape our popular culture or merely reflect it? -2011
How has satellite television brought about cultural change in Indian mindsets? -2007
Is sting operation an invasion on privacy? -2014
Mass media and cultural invasion. -1999
The misinterpretation and misuse of freedom in India. -1998
Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world (कवि संसार के अनधिकृत रूप से विधायक होते हैं) – 2022

2 Economy, Development

Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere. -2018
Digital economy: A leveller or a source of economic inequality. -2016
Innovation is the key determinant of economic growth and social welfare. -2016
Near jobless growth in India: An anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms. -2016
Crisis faced in India – moral or economic. -2015
Was it the policy paralysis or the paralysis of implementation which slowed the growth of our country? -2014
GDP (Gross Domestic Product) along with GDH (Gross Domestic Happiness) would be the right indices for judging the wellbeing of a country-2013
Can capitalism bring inclusive growth? -2015
Resource management in the Indian context. -1999
Economic growth without distributive justice is bound to breed violence. -1993
Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence (आर्थिक समृद्धि हासिल करने के मामले में वन सर्वोत्तम प्रतिमान होते हैं।) – 2022
Alternative technologies for a climate change resilient India. -2018
Should a moratorium be imposed on all fresh mining in tribal areas of the country? -2010
Urbanisation and its hazards -2008
Protection of ecology and environment is essential for sustained economic development. -2006
Urbanization is a blessing in disguise. -1997
Ecological considerations need not hamper development. -1993
Globalization would finish small-scale industries in India. -2006
Multinational corporations – saviours or saboteurs -1994
Special economic zone: boon or bane -2008
Is the criticism that the ‘Public-Private-Partnership’ (PPP) model for development is more of a bane than a boon in the Indian context, justified ?-2012
Farming has lost the ability to be a source of subsistence for majority of farmers in India. -2017
BPO boom in India. -2007
Tourism: Can this be the next big thing for India? -2014
Are our traditional handicrafts doomed to a slow death? -2009

3 Education

Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in – school. (- शिक्षा वह है जो विद्यालय में विधालय में सीखी गई बातों को भूल जाने के बाद भी शेष रह जाती है।)
Destiny of a nation is shaped in its classrooms. -2017
Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make a man more clever devil-2015
Independent thinking should be encouraged right form the childhood. -2007
Are the standardized tests good measure of academic ability or progress? -2014
Irrelevance of the classroom. -2001
Is the growing level of competition good for the youth? -2014
Literacy is growing very fast, but there is no corresponding growth in education. -1996
Is an egalitarian society possible by educating the masses ? -2008
What is real education? -2005
“Education for all” campaign in India: myth or reality. -2006
Restructuring of Indian education system. -1995
Privatization of higher education in India. -2002
Credit – based higher education system – status, opportunities and challenges -2011

4 Quote based, Philosophy, Ethics

A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities (हर असमंजस के लिए मुस्कराहट ही चुनिन्दा साधन है) – 2022
Philosophy of wantlessness is a Utopian, while materialism is a chimera. -2021
Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me. -2021
Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication (सरलता चरम परिष्करण है ) -2020
Ships don’t sink because of water around them ships sink because of water that gets into them (जहाज अपने चारों तरफ के पानी के वजह से नहीं डूबा करते, जहाज पानी के अंदर समां जाने की वजह से डूबता हैं ) -2020
Life is a long journey between being human and being humane. (मनुष्य होने और मानव बनने के बीच का लम्बा सफर ही जीवन है)-2020
Values are not what humanity is, but what humanity ought to be -2019
Best for an individual is not necessarily best for the society -2019
Courage to accept and dedication to improve are two keys to success -2019
Wisdom finds truth -2019
A people that values its privileges above its principles loses both. -2018
Customary morality cannot be a guide to modem file. -2018
Need brings greed, if greed increases it spoils breed. -2016
Character of an institution is reflected in its leader. -2015
With greater power comes greater responsibility. -2014
Words are sharper than the two-edged sword. -2014
Attitude makes, habit makes character and character makes a man. -2007
He would reigns within himself and folds his passions and desires and fears is more than a king. -1993
Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. (- सोच एक खेल की तरह है, यह तब तक शुरू नहीं होता है जब तक कि एक विपरीत टीम/पक्ष न हो।) – 2023
Mathematics is the music of reason. (- गणित ज्ञान का संगीत है।) – 2023
The real is rational and the rational is real. -2021
Mindful manifesto is the catalyst to a tranquil self (विचारपरक संकल्प स्वयं के शांतचित्त रहने का उत्प्रेरक है )-2020
‘The past’ is a permanent dimension of human consciousness and values. -2018
A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge. -2018
There is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so. -2003
Disinterested intellectual curiosity is the lifeblood of civilisation. -1995
Joy is the simplest form of gratitude. -2017
Compassion is the basic of all morality of the world -1993
Lending hands to someone is better than giving a dole. -2015
Be the change you want to see in others (Gandhi)-2013
Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right (केवल इसलिए कि आपके पास विकल्प हैं, इसका यह अर्थ कदापि नहीं है कि उनमें से किसी को भी ठीक होना ही होगा) – 2022
Reality does not conform to the ideal, but confirms it. -2018
Truth is lived, not taught -1996
When money speaks, the truth is silent. -1995
Search for truth can only be a spiritual problem. -2002
The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining (छप्पर मरम्मत करने का समय तभी होता है, जब धूप खिली हुई हो) – 2022
You cannot step twice in the same river (आप उसी नदी में दोबारा नहीं उतर सकते) – 2022
Discipline means success, anarchy means ruin -2008
Youth is a blunder, manhood a struggle, old age a regret -1994
If youth knew, if age could. -2002
Youth culture today. -1999
Fifty Golds in Olympics: Can this be a reality for India? -2014
Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic. (- दूरदर्शी निर्णय तभी लिए जाते है अंतर्ज्ञान और तर्क का परस्पर मेल होता है।) – 2023
Not all who wander are lost. (- भटकने वाले सभी गुम नहीं हो जाते।) – 2023
Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane (- रचनात्मकता की प्रेरणा अलौकिक ता में चमत्कार ढूंढने के प्रयास से उपजति है) – 2023
A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for (जहाज बन्दरगाह के भीतर सुरक्षित होता है, परन्तु इसके लिए तो वह होता नहीं है) – 2022
Quick but steady wins the race. -2015
Useless life is an early death. -1994
Our deeds determine us, as much as we determine our deeds. -1995
The paths of glory lead but to the grave. -2002
The pursuit of excellence. -2001

5 Women empowerment

Greater political power alone will not improve women’s plight. -1997
Women’s reservation bill would usher in empowerment for women in India. -2006
The new emerging women power: the ground realities. -1995
Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world. -2021
If women ruled the world -2005
The hand that rocks the cradle -2005
Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality (पितृ-सत्ता की व्यवस्था नजर मैं बहुत काम आने के बावजूद सामाजिक विषमता की सबसे प्रभावी संरचना है) -2020
Fulfilment of ‘new woman’ in India is a myth. -2017
If development is not engendered, it is endangered. -2016
Whither women’s emancipation? -2004
Empowerment alone cannot help our women. -2001
Women empowerment: challenges and prospects. -1999
Woman is god’s best creation. -1998
Men have failed: let women take over. -1993
Managing work and home – is the Indian working woman getting a fair deal ?-2012

6 International issues, Internal Security, History

South Asian societies are woven not around the state, but around their plural cultures and plural identities. -2019
Modernisation and westernisation are not identical concepts. -1994
‘globalization’ vs. ‘nationalism’ -2009
National identity and patriotism -2008
Globalizations and its impact on Indian culture. -2004
The masks of new imperialism. -2003
As civilization advances culture declines. -2003
The implications of globalization for India. -2000
My vision of an ideal world order. -2001
India’s contribution to world wisdom. -1998
The world of the twenty-first century. -1998
Preparedness of our society for India’s global leadership role. -2010
Technology as the silent factor in international relations (अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संबंधों मैं मौन करक के रूप मैं प्रौद्योगिकी) -2020
Has the Non-Alignment Movement (NAM) lost its relevance in a multipolar world ? -2017
Restructuring of UNO reflect present realities -1996
The global order: political and economic -1993
India’s role in promoting ASEAN co-operation. -2004
Importance of Indo-US nuclear agreement -2006
Management of Indian border dispute is a complex task. -2018
In the Indian context , both human intelligence and technical intelligence are crucial in combating terrorism -2011
Are we a ‘soft’ state ? -2009
Good fences make good neighbours -2009
Is autonomy the best answer to combat balkanization? -2007
Terrorism and world peace -2005
True religion cannot be misused. -1997
History repeats itself, first as tragedy, second as farce. -2021
Geography may remain the same ; history need not. -2010

7 Science-Technology

Spirituality and scientific temper. -2003
Science and Mysticism : Are they compatible ?-2012
What is research, but a blind date with knowledge! -2021
Modern technological education and human values. -2002
Value-based science and education. -1999
The march of science and the erosion of human values. -2001
The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced. -2021
Rise of Artificial Intelligence: the threat of jobless future or better job opportunities through reskilling and upskilling. -2019
‘Social media’ is inherently a selfish medium. -2017
Cyberspace and Internet : Blessing or curse to the human civilization in the long run -2016
Increasing computerization would lead to the creation of a dehumanized society. -2006
The cyberworld: its charms and challenges. -2000
Computer: the harbinger of silent revolution. -1993
Technology cannot replace manpower. -2015
Science and technology is the panacea for the growth and security of the nation-2013
The modern doctor and his patients. -1997
The lure of space. -2004

Section-A (write any one)

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. (- सोच एक खेल की तरह है, यह तब तक शुरू नहीं होता है जब तक कि एक विपरीत टीम/पक्ष न हो।)
Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic. (- दूरदर्शी निर्णय तभी लिए जाते है अंतर्ज्ञान और तर्क का परस्पर मेल होता है।)
Not all who wander are lost. (- भटकने वाले सभी गुम नहीं हो जाते।)
Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane (- रचनात्मकता की प्रेरणा अलौकिक ता में चमत्कार ढूंढने के प्रयास से उपजति है)

Section-B (write any one)

Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines. (-लड़कियां बंदिशों के तथा लड़के अपेक्षा के बोझ तले दबे हुए होते हैं दोनों ही समान रूप से हानिकारक व्यवस्थाएं हैं।)
Mathematics is the music of reason. (- गणित ज्ञान का संगीत है।)
A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity. (- जिस समाज में अधिक न्याय होता है उस समाज को दान की कम आवश्यकता होती है।)

Answer one-one essay from each section in 1000-1200 words

History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man (इतिहास वैज्ञानिक मनुष्य के रूमानी मनुष्य पर विजय हासिल करने का एक सिलसिला है।) – 2022
A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for (जहाज बन्दरगाह के भीतर सुरक्षित होता है, परन्तु इसके लिए तो वह होता नहीं है) & 2022
Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right (केवल इसलिए कि आपके पास विकल्प हैं, इसका यह अर्थ कदापि नहीं है कि उनमें से किसी को भी ठीक होना ही होगा) – 2022

Essay: Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They will be expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.

IAS Preparation
UPSC Preparation Strategy
Topic Wise Essay Questions From UPSC Mains 1994 2018

Last 25 Years Topic-wise Essay Questions From UPSC Mains (1994 - 2018)

Paper I of the UPSC Civil Services mains exam is the Essay. Here, prelims-qualified IAS aspirants have to write two essays out of a few given topics. The paper is for a total of 250 marks and its marks are taken into consideration for the Final Merit List. In this article, we have listed all the essay topics asked in the UPSC mains exam from 1994 to 2018. We have also classified the last 25 years essay questions into topics to make your preparation easier.

Latest – See the UPSC Essay Topics in the IAS Mains 2020 Essay Paper. Download UPSC Mains 2020 Essay Paper from the linked article.

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UPSC Essay Topics

Administration.

Politics, bureaucracy and business – fatal triangle. (1994)
Politics without ethics is a disaster. (1995)
The VIP cult is a bane of Indian democracy. (1996)
Need for transparency in public administration. (1996)
The country’s need for a better disaster management system. (2000)
How should a civil servant conduct himself? (2003)

Democracy/India since independence

Whither Indian democracy? (1995)
What we have not learnt during fifty years of independence. (1997)
Why should we be proud of being Indians? (2000)
What have we gained from our democratic set-up? (2001)
How far has democracy in India delivered the goods? (2003)
National identity and patriotism. (2008)
In the context of Gandhiji’s views on the matter, explore, on an evolutionary scale, the terms ‘Swadhinata’, ‘Swaraj’ and ‘Dharmarajya’. Critically comment on their contemporary relevance to Indian democracy. (2012)
Is the colonial mentality hindering India’s success? (2013)
Dreams which should not let India sleep. (2015)
Management of Indian border disputes – a complex task. (2018)

Economic growth and development

Resource management in the Indian context. (1999)
GDP (Gross Domestic Product) along with GDH (Gross Domestic Happiness) would be the right indices for judging the wellbeing of a country. (2013)
Was it the policy paralysis or the paralysis of implementation which slowed the growth of our country? (2014)
Crisis faced in India – moral or economic. (2015)
Near jobless growth in India: An anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms. (2016)
Digital economy: A leveller or a source of economic inequality. (2016)
Innovation is the key determinant of economic growth and social welfare. (2016)
Impact of the new economic measures on fiscal ties between the union and states in India. (2017)

Federalism, Decentralisation

The language problem in India: its past, present and prospects. (1998)
Water resources should be under the control of the central government. (2004)
Evaluation of panchayati raj system in India from the point of view of eradication of power to people. (2007)
Is autonomy the best answer to combat balkanization? (2007)
Creation of smaller states and the consequent administrative, economic and developmental implication. (2011)
Cooperative federalism: Myth or reality. (2016)
Water disputes between States in federal India. (2016)

Indian Culture & Society

The Indian society at the crossroads. (1994)
New cults and godmen: a threat to traditional religion. (1996)
The composite culture of India. (1998)
Youth culture today. (1999)
Modernism and our traditional socio-ethical values. (2000)
Indian culture today: a myth or a reality? (2000)
As civilization advances culture declines. (2003)
From traditional Indian philanthropy to the gates-buffet model-a natural progression or a paradigm shift? (2010)
Judicial activism. (1997)
Judicial activism and Indian democracy. (2004)
Justice must reach the poor. (2005)

Social justice/Poverty

Reservation, politics and empowerment. (1999)
Food security for sustainable national development. (2005)
The focus of health care is increasingly getting skewed towards the ‘haves’ of our society. (2009)
Farming has lost the ability to be a source of subsistence for the majority of farmers in India. (2017)
Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere. (2018)

Media & Society

Misinterpretation and misuse of freedom in India. (1998)
Mass media and cultural invasion. (1999)
Responsibility of media in a democracy. (2002)
How has satellite television brought about cultural change in Indian mindsets? (2007)
Role of media in good governance. (2008)
Does Indian cinema shape our popular culture or merely reflect it? (2011)
Is sting operation an invasion on privacy? (2014)

Environment/Urbanisation

Urbanization is a blessing in disguise. (1997)
Protection of ecology and environment is essential for sustained economic development. (2006)
Urbanisation and its hazards. (2008)
Should a moratorium be imposed on all fresh mining in tribal areas of the country? (2010)
We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws. (2017)

Economic sectors/MNCs

Multinational corporations – saviours or saboteurs. (1994)
Globalization would finish small-scale industries in India. (2006)
BPO boom in India. (2007)
Special economic zone: boon or bane? (2008)
Are our traditional handicrafts doomed to a slow death? (2009)
Is the criticism that the Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) model for development is more of a bane than a boon in the Indian context, justified? (2012)
Tourism: Can this be the next big thing for India? (2014)
Restructuring of Indian education system. (1995)
Literacy is growing very fast, but there is no corresponding growth in education. (1996)
Irrelevance of the classroom. (2001)
Privatization of higher education in India. (2002)
Modern technological education and human values. (2002)
What is real education? (2005)
“Education for all” campaign in India: myth or reality. (2006)
Independent thinking should be encouraged right from the childhood. (2007)
Is an egalitarian society possible by educating the masses? (2008)
Credit – based higher education system – status, opportunities and challenges. (2011)
Is the growing level of competition good for the youth? (2014)
Are the standardized tests good measure of academic ability or progress? (2014)
Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make a man more clever devil. (2015)
Destiny of a nation is shaped in its classrooms. (2017)
The new emerging women power: the ground realities. (1995)
Greater political power alone will not improve women’s plight. (1997)
Woman is god’s best creation. (1998)
Women empowerment: challenges and prospects. (1999)
Empowerment alone cannot help our women. (2001)
Whither women’s emancipation? (2004)
If women ruled the world. (2005)
The hand that rocks the cradle. (2005)
Women’s reservation bill would usher in empowerment for women in India. (2006)
Managing work and home – is the Indian working woman getting a fair deal? (2012)
If development is not engendered, it is endangered. (2016)
Fulfillment of ‘new woman’ in India is a myth. (2017)

Quotes-based/Philosophy

Youth is a blunder, manhood a struggle, old age a regret. (1994)
Useless life is an early death. (1994)
Disinterested intellectual curiosity is the lifeblood of civilisation. (1995)
When money speaks, the truth is silent. (1995)
Our deeds determine us, as much as we determine our deeds. (1995)
Truth is lived, not taught. (1996)
True religion cannot be misused. (1997)
Search for truth can only be a spiritual problem. (2002)
The paths of glory lead but to the grave. (2002)
If youth knew, if age could. (2002)
There is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so. (2003)
Be the change you want to see in others. (2013)
With greater power comes greater responsibility. (2014)
Words are sharper than the two-edged sword. (2014)
Lending hands to someone is better than giving a dole. (2015)
“The past’ is a permanent dimension of human consciousness and values. (2018)
Reality does not conform to the ideal, but confirms it. (2018)
Attitude makes habit, habit makes character and character makes a man. (2007)
Discipline means success, anarchy means ruin. (2008)
Character of an institution is reflected in its leader. (2015)
Need brings greed, if greed increases it spoils breed. (2016)
Joy is the simplest form of gratitude. (2017)
A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge. (2018)
A people that values its privileges above its principles loses both. (2018)
Customary morality cannot be a guide to modern life. (2018)

Globalisation

Modernisation and westernisation are not identical concepts. (1994)
The world of the twenty-first century. (1998)
The implications of globalization for India. (2000)
My vision of an ideal world order. (2001)
The masks of new imperialism. (2003)
Globalizations and its impact on Indian culture. (2004)
‘Globalization’ vs. ‘nationalism’. (2009)
Preparedness of our society for India’s global leadership role. (2010)

Science & Tech

The modern doctor and his patients. (1997)
Value-based science and education. (1999)
The march of science and the erosion of human values. (2001)
Spirituality and scientific temper. (2003)
The lure of space. (2004)
Science and Mysticism: Are they compatible? (2012)
Science and technology is the panacea for the growth and security of the nation. (2013)
Technology cannot replace manpower. (2015)
Alternative technologies for a climate change resilient India. (2018)

Internet/IT

The cyberworld: its charms and challenges. (2000)
Increasing computerization would lead to the creation of a dehumanized society. (2006)
Cyberspace and Internet: Blessing or curse to the human civilization in the long run. (2016)
Social media is inherently a selfish medium. (2017)

International organisations/relations

Restructuring of UNO reflect present realities. (1996)
India’s role in promoting ASEAN cooperation. (2004)
Importance of Indo-US nuclear agreement. (2006)
Has the Non- Alignment Movement (NAM) lost its relevance in a multipolar world. (2017)
Terrorism and world peace. (2005)
Are we a ‘soft’ state? (2009)
Good fences make good neighbours. (2009)
In the Indian context, both human intelligence and technical intelligence are crucial in combating terrorism. (2011)

Miscellaneous

India’s contribution to world wisdom. (1998)
The pursuit of excellence. (2001)
Geography may remain the same; history need not. (2010)
Fifty Golds in Olympics: Can this be a reality for India? (2014)
Quick but steady wins the race. (2015)

When preparing for IAS Mains, aspirants must focus on UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practise as this will improve one’s speed, efficiency and writing skills. It will automatically help in essay writing as well.

Also, read:

Frequently Asked Questions on UPSC Essay Topics for UPSC Mains

Q 1. how can i write a good essay in upsc, q 2. does handwriting matter in upsc.

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UPSC Essay Topics

The Upsc Essay Topics change every year, and aspirants are never sure what they will be. They can be about things like how the economy is doing, how women can be stronger, art and culture, or how the media affects us. Moreover, it’s a good idea to look at the essay questions from previous years to get an idea of what might be asked. This will help you practice writing essays and do well in the exam. With enough practice, you can become good at writing essays for the UPSC exam .

Furthermore, the IAS Essay section is very important in the UPSC exam. It contains 250 marks, and you must write two essay questions in three hours, each 1000 to 1200 words. Additionally, to prepare, it’s a good idea to look at previous upsc essay papers to understand what essay topics upsc might come up in the exam.

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You can also check for UPSC Mains Toppers Booklist . [embedyt] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=am5JYNs9Y08[/embedyt]

UPSC Essay Topics 2024

The UPSC essay paper is one of the nine papers in the UPSC Mains exam . It’s a chance for candidates to share their opinions on social, economic, and political issues. UPSC usually chooses topics that are either related to current events or have a big impact on society. Moreover, some important IAS essay topics for the UPSC exam could include:

Development
Urbanisation
Globalisation
Bureaucracy/Civil Service
Constitution
Water Security
Poverty/Hunger/Food Security
Human Resources- Employment
Social Media
Privacy/Surveillance

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UPSC Essay Topics: Previous Year Question Paper

Having access to the previous year’s essay topics can be useful. It gives you an idea of the types of essays asked in previous years. Moreover, That’s why we’ve provided the UPSC essay topics from the previous year’s UPSC question paper below.

UPSC Essay Topics for year 2022
UPSC Essay Topics for year 2021
UPSC Essay Topics for year 2020
UPSC Essay Topics for year 2019
UPSC Essay Topics for year 2018

You can also check for how to write an essay for upsc .

UPSC Essay Topics: Topic wise

Here, we will discuss different UPSC Essay Topics that are frequently asked in the UPSC Examination.

UPSC Essay Topics on Administration

If you want to prepare for Polity and Administration topics for the UPSC exam, you can start by reading books on Polity and Public Administration. Moreover, these books provide basic information about relevant issues and their history, which can be useful when writing essay questions on Polity and Public Administration for the UPSC exam. Some UPSC essay topics on these topics could include:

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Is autonomy the best answer to combat balkanisation?
Politics without ethics is a disaster.
Judicial activism and Indian democracy.
The language politics in India: its past, present, and future.
Is a better disaster management system need of the hour?
Cooperative federalism: Myth or reality.
Need for transparency in public administration.
The VIP cult is a bane of Indian democracy.

UPSC Essay Topics on Science and Technology

To write an essay on Science and Technology topics for the UPSC exam, you can start by following current affairs related to this field. You can also refer to books on Science and Technology for UPSC to get a multidimensional perspective. Moreover, some possible Science and Tech UPSC essay topics could include:

The modern doctor and his patients.
The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced.
Alternative technologies for a climate change-resilient India.
Technology cannot replace manpower.
Social media is inherently a selfish medium.
Value-based science and education.
Cyberspace and Internet: Blessing or curse to the human civilisation in the long run.
The lure of space.
Spirituality and scientific temper.
The march of science and the erosion of human values.
The cyberworld: Its charms and challenges.
Science and Mysticism: Are they compatible?

UPSC Essay Topics on Women Empowerment

UPSC encourages gender equality in the workplace and often includes essay topics related to women. The UPSC Essay topics aims to understand the candidate’s level of critical thinking and ability to express their thoughts. Including data, references, and real-life examples can help earn extra marks while writing essays. Moreover, some possible UPSC essay topics related to women and women empowerment could include:

Challenges and Prospects of Women Empowerment
Ground realities of the new emerging women power
Fulfillment of ‘new woman’ in India is a myth.
Is the Indian working woman getting a fair deal- Managing work and home?
Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.
What if all the developed countries had women as their heads?
Greater political power alone will not improve women’s plight.
Whither women’s emancipation?

UPSC Essay Topics on Indian Culture & Society

The UPSC essay topics related to Indian society, art, and culture are always diverse. To prepare for these topics, candidates can read basic books on society that are typically referred to during the exam. Moreover, you can also use Art & Culture Notes for UPSC to help with your preparation. Some possible UPSC essay topics related to Indian culture and society are:

Are new cults and godmen threats to the traditional religion?
Modernism and our traditional socio-ethical values.
Indian society is at a crossroads.
The composite culture of Indian society
Where the Youth culture of today is heading towards
As civilisation progresses, culture declines.

UPSC Essay Topics on Philosophical Type

Every year, UPSC includes two or more UPSC essay topics related to philosophical thoughts, Indian philosophical schools, or quotes from famous personalities. Students can refer to Philosophy Books for UPSC to prepare for these topics to gain a basic background. Moreover, some possible UPSC essay topics related to philosophy or quotes from famous personalities are:

Be the change you want to see in others.
Reality does not conform to the ideal but confirms it.
The paths of glory lead but to the grave.
Our deeds determine us, as much as we determine our deeds.
If youth knew if age could.
Useless life is an early death.
Search for truth can only be attained through spiritual means.
Lending hands to someone is better than giving a dole.
Words are sharper than a two-edged sword

UPSC Essay Topics on Education

Education is a popular UPSC essay topics , and almost every year, an essay related to education is asked in the paper. Moreover, to prepare for this topic, staying updated with current affairs and major changes and developments related to the field is important. Some possible UPSC essay topics related to education for UPSC could include:

Privatisation of the higher education system in India.
Does growth in literacy correspond to growth in education?
Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather make a man a more clever devil.
Concept of Real Education
Restructuring of the Indian education system with respect to the NEP
The destiny of a nation is shaped in its classrooms.
Education for all”: myth or reality.

UPSC Essay Topics on Economic Growth

UPSC frequently includes IAS essay topics on economic growth, development, and the MNC (multi-national corporation) sector. To prepare for these topics, candidates can refer to Economy Notes for UPSC to get a general overview of the subject. Moreover, once you grasp the basics well, you can add examples, data, and figures to make your essay more multi-dimensional. Some possible UPSC essay topics related to economics for UPSC could include:

Can tourism be the next big thing for India?
GDP (Gross Domestic Product) along with GDH (Gross Domestic Happiness) should be the right indices for judging the well-being of a country.
Are the Multinational corporations saviours or saboteurs?
Is the Digital economy a leveller or a source of economic inequality?
Is it the policy paralysis or the paralysis of implementation which slowed the growth of our country?
Future of BPO Culture in India
Crisis faced in India – moral or economic.
Is the near jobless growth in India an anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms?

You can also check for UPSC Calendar 2023 .

Upsc Essay Topics: Things to keep in mind

Writing is a way to show how you think. When an examiner reads your essay, they can understand your thought process. An essay is a well-structured set of ideas on a specific topic. Moreover, to score well on the UPSC Essay paper , it’s important to practice and be persistent. The essay is about factual knowledge, creativity, and critical thinking. To score well on the UPSC Essay paper, follow these steps:

Choose the Right Essay

The UPSC Essay paper has two sections, and you have to write one essay from each section. Both essays have 125 marks each and must be 1000-1200 words. Before choosing a topic, it’s important to reflect on it and consider if it’s too controversial or if you have enough information to write about it.

Examine the Topic

When you select UPSC Essay Topics , it’s important to take some time to think about the topic and write down the main keywords that you will use in your essay. This will help you organise your thoughts and ensure you cover all the key points.

Taking a multidimensional approach is important when writing your essay, which means considering different perspectives and angles.

Additionally, structure your essay clearly and concisely, with an introduction that sets the stage for the rest of the essay, a body that covers your main points, and a conclusion that summarises your key ideas and leaves a lasting impression on the reader.

Structure well

The introduction is a crucial part of the UPSC Essay Topics and should provide a brief idea about the topic. It should convey your perspective on the topic. The essay’s main body should be divided into well-connected small paragraphs. The language should be simple, clear, and easy to comprehend.

Moreover, the focus should be on critical thinking rather than using complex vocabulary. If necessary, include relevant facts and data. Using quotes and sayings can add weight to the essay. The conclusion should be clear and concise. While writing, strive for a neutral or balanced approach.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1: Do UPSC Topics get repeated?

Ans: That’s correct. While UPSC may repeat essay topics from previous years, they are likely to ask a different question with the exact same wording. Instead, they may tweak the language or focus of the question slightly to test a candidate’s understanding and analytical skills. Moreover, it is also true that certain topics, such as history, economics, and Indian polity, tend to be asked more frequently than others.

Q2: How many essay questions are asked in the upsc essay paper?

Ans: The UPSC Essay Paper consists of two sections, each containing four to five essay topics. Candidates need to choose one essay topic from each section and write an essay of 1000 to 1200 words on each topic. Moreover, each essay is worth 125 marks, and the total mark for the UPSC Essay Paper is 250.

Q3: How can I write a good essay for UPSC?

Ans: Keeping notes and staying updated with current affairs is crucial in developing a deep understanding of various topics. Reading books, journals, and other publications related to the UPSC Essay Topics can also help enhance knowledge and vocabulary. Moreover, ractising writing essays regularly and getting feedback from mentors or peers to improve writing skills is also important.

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Topic-Wise Essay Questions from UPSC Mains (1994 -2018)

The initial paper in the UPSC mains examination is the Essay (Paper I). In this section, candidates who have qualified in the prelims stage must compose two essays from a selection of provided topics. The paper holds a total of 250 marks, and these marks contribute to the determination of the Final Merit List. This article compiles all the essay topics presented in the UPSC mains exam from 1994 to 2018. Additionally, we have organized the essay questions from the last 25 years into distinct topics to facilitate your preparation.

Table of Contents

UPSC Essay Topics

Administration.

1994: The nexus of politics, bureaucracy, and business – a lethal trio.
1995: Politics bereft of ethics spells disaster.
1996: The VIP cult poses a detriment to Indian democracy.
1996: Advocating the necessity for transparency in public administration.
2000: Addressing the nation’s imperative for an improved disaster management system.
2003: Guidelines on the conduct expected of a civil servant.

Democracy/India since independence

1995: The trajectory of Indian democracy—where does it lead?
1997: Unlearned lessons in fifty years of independence.
2000: Reasons to take pride in our Indian identity.
2001: Assessing the gains from our democratic framework.
2003: Evaluating the effectiveness of democracy in delivering positive outcomes in India.
2008: Exploring national identity and patriotism.
2012: Examining the evolutionary significance of ‘Swadhinata,’ ‘Swaraj,’ and ‘Dharmarajya’ in the context of Gandhiji’s views and their contemporary relevance to Indian democracy.
2013: Is India’s success hindered by a lingering colonial mentality?
2015: Aspirations that should keep India awake.
2018: Navigating the intricate challenge of managing Indian border disputes.

Economic growth and development

1999: Managing resources in the Indian context.
2013: GDP (Gross Domestic Product) alongside GDH (Gross Domestic Happiness) as apt measures for assessing a country’s well-being.
2014: The hindrance to our country’s growth—was it policy paralysis or implementation inertia?
2015: Assessing the crisis in India—moral or economic in nature.
2016: Jobless growth in India: An aberration or a consequence of economic reforms.
2016: The digital economy: An equalizer or a source of economic inequality.
2016: Identifying innovation as the pivotal factor influencing economic growth and social welfare.
2017: Examining the impact of new economic measures on fiscal relations between the union and states in India.

Federalism, Decentralisation

1998: Tracing the language problem in India—its historical evolution, current status, and future prospects.
2004: Advocating for central government control over water resources.
2007: Assessing the effectiveness of the panchayati raj system in India in empowering the people.
2007: Examining whether autonomy is the optimal solution to counter balkanization.
2011: The establishment of smaller states and its resultant administrative, economic, and developmental implications.
2016: Cooperative federalism in India: Myth or reality?
2016: Exploring water disputes between states in federal India.

Indian Culture & Society

1994: The Indian society standing at a crucial juncture.
1996: Emerging cults and spiritual leaders posing a challenge to traditional religion.
1998: Examining the mosaic of India’s composite culture.
1999: Contemporary youth culture in focus.
2000: Navigating the intersection of modernism and our traditional socio-ethical values.
2000: Indian culture today—myth or reality?
2003: Contemplating the correlation between civilization’s advancement and cultural decline.
2010: From traditional Indian philanthropy to the Gates-Buffett model—natural progression or paradigm shift?
1997: Exploring the realm of judicial activism.
2004: Investigating the intersection of judicial activism and Indian democracy.
2005: Advocating for the imperative that justice extends to the impoverished.

Social justice/Poverty

1999: Reservation, politics, and the pursuit of empowerment.
2005: Envisioning food security as a foundation for sustainable national development.
2009: The disproportionate focus of healthcare on the privileged segments of our society.
2017: The diminishing capacity of farming to serve as a subsistence source for the majority of Indian farmers.
2018: Recognizing poverty anywhere as a menace to prosperity everywhere.

Media & Society

1998: The misinterpretation and abuse of freedom in India.
1999: Mass media and its impact on cultural invasion.
2002: The democratic role and responsibility of the media.
2007: Examining the cultural shift in Indian mindsets brought about by satellite television.
2008: The contribution of media to fostering good governance.
2011: Assessing whether Indian cinema shapes our popular culture or simply mirrors it.
2014: Contemplating whether sting operations constitute an invasion of privacy.

Environment/Urbanisation

1997: Unraveling the hidden benefits of urbanization.
2006: Asserting the crucial role of safeguarding ecology and the environment for sustained economic development.
2008: Exploring the perils associated with urbanization.
2010: Debating the imposition of a moratorium on new mining activities in tribal areas of the country.
2017: Acknowledging the inevitability of succumbing to natural laws despite challenging human laws.

Economic sectors/MNCs

1994: Multinational corporations—saviors or underminers.
2006: Contemplating the potential demise of small-scale industries in India due to globalization.
2007: The surge of BPOs in India.
2008: Evaluating the Special Economic Zone—benefit or detriment?
2009: Pondering the fate of our traditional handicrafts, destined for a gradual decline.
2012: Scrutinizing the criticism that the Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) model is more of a curse than a blessing in the Indian context.
2014: Exploring the prospect of tourism as the next major venture for India.
1995: Overhauling the structure of the Indian education system.
1996: Noting the rapid increase in literacy without corresponding growth in education.
2001: Questioning the relevance of traditional classrooms.
2002: Examining the privatization of higher education in India.
2002: Navigating the intersection of modern technological education and human values.
2005: Reflecting on the essence of real education.
2006: Investigating the “Education for All” campaign in India—myth or reality.
2007: Advocating for the cultivation of independent thinking from early childhood.
2008: Contemplating whether educating the masses can pave the way for an egalitarian society.
2011: Assessing the status, opportunities, and challenges of the credit-based higher education system.
2014: Evaluating the impact of growing competition on the youth.
2014: Questioning the effectiveness of standardized tests as a measure of academic ability or progress.
2015: Highlighting the limitations of education without values.
2017: Acknowledging the pivotal role of classrooms in shaping the destiny of a nation.
1995: Unveiling the emerging power of women: the realities on the ground.
1997: Asserting that greater political power alone won’t improve the plight of women.
1998: Contemplating woman as God’s finest creation.
1999: Delving into the challenges and prospects of women’s empowerment.
2001: Emphasizing that empowerment alone cannot fully uplift our women.
2004: Questioning the trajectory of women’s emancipation.
2005: Imagining a world where women rule.
2005: Acknowledging the influential role of the hand that rocks the cradle.
2006: Advocating for the Women’s Reservation Bill as a catalyst for empowerment in India.
2012: Evaluating whether the Indian working woman receives a fair deal in managing work and home.
2016: Stating that if development is not engendered, it is endangered.
2017: Dispelling the myth of the fulfillment of the ‘new woman’ in India.

Quotes-based/Philosophy

1994: Youth is a mistake, manhood a challenge, old age a remorse.
1994: A purposeless life is an untimely demise.
1995: Disinterested intellectual curiosity is the life force of civilization.
1995: When money speaks, the truth remains silent.
1995: Our actions define us as much as we shape our actions.
1996: Truth is something to be lived, not just taught.
1997: True religion cannot be misappropriated.
2002: The pursuit of truth is inherently a spiritual challenge.
2002: The paths of glory ultimately lead to the grave.
2002: If youth possessed knowledge, if age possessed capability.
2003: Nothing is inherently good or bad; it is our perceptions that shape it.
2013: Be the change you wish to witness in others.
2014: With greater power comes greater responsibility.
2014: Words have a sharper impact than a two-edged sword.
2015: Extending a helping hand is superior to merely giving charity.
2018: The past is a permanent dimension of human consciousness and values.
2018: Reality may not conform to the ideal, but it affirms it.
2007: Attitude shapes habits, habits form character, and character defines a person.
2008: Discipline paves the way to success, while anarchy leads to ruin.
2015: The character of an institution is a reflection of its leader.
2016: Need fosters greed, and an increase in greed tarnishes the lineage.
2017: Joy is the purest expression of gratitude.
2018: A fulfilling life is one fueled by love and steered by knowledge.
2018: A society that prioritizes privileges over principles forfeits both.
2018: Traditional morality cannot serve as a guide for modern living.

Globalisation

1994: Modernization and Westernization are distinct concepts.
1998: Envisioning the world in the twenty-first century.
2000: Unraveling the implications of globalization for India.
2001: Articulating my vision of an ideal world order.
2003: Unmasking the facades of new imperialism.
2004: Assessing the impact of globalization on Indian culture.
2009: Contemplating the clash between ‘Globalization’ and ‘Nationalism.’
2010: Evaluating the readiness of our society for India’s global leadership role.

Science & Tech

1997: The contemporary physician and their relationship with patients.
1999: Embedding values in science and education.
2001: Examining the progress of science and its impact on human values.
2003: Exploring the interplay between spirituality and scientific temper.
2004: The magnetic appeal of space.
2012: Debating the compatibility of Science and Mysticism.
2013: Asserting that science and technology serve as the cure-all for the nation’s growth and security.
2015: Emphasizing that technology cannot replace human manpower.
2018: Advocating for alternative technologies to build a climate change-resilient India.

Internet/IT

2000: The allure and challenges of the cyberworld.
2006: The rise of computerization and its potential to foster a dehumanized society.
2016: Reflecting on the long-term impact of cyberspace and the Internet on human civilization—blessing or curse?
2017: Contending that social media, by its nature, is a self-centered medium.

International organisations /relations

1996: The restructuring of the UNO as a reflection of current realities.
2004: Analyzing India’s contribution to fostering ASEAN cooperation.
2006: Assessing the significance of the Indo-US nuclear agreement.
2017: Questioning the continued relevance of the Non-Alignment Movement (NAM) in a multipolar world.
2005: The impact of terrorism on global peace.
2009: Examining whether we are a ‘soft’ state.
2009: Asserting the value of well-defined boundaries in fostering good relations between neighbors.
2011: Recognizing the importance of both human intelligence and technical intelligence in addressing terrorism in the Indian context.

Miscellaneous

1998: India’s impact on global wisdom.
2001: The quest for excellence.
2010: Geography may be constant, but history is subject to change.
2014: Aspiring for fifty gold medals in the Olympics—can India turn this into a reality?
2015: Embracing the strategy of swift yet consistent progress.

Topic-Wise Essay Questions from UPSC Mains (1994 -2018) FAQS

Q 1. how can i write a good essay in upsc.

Essay writing not only checks your ability to understand the topic but also how well you can explain the same. While preparing for any subject, keep making notes. Read editorial articles in newspapers like The Hindu. Listen to analysis of particular topics on Rajya Sabha TV. There is no shortcut to master the essay, it is all about regular practice.

Q 2. Does handwriting matter in UPSC?

If the answer is good and the handwriting is not good, then there is a possibility of being at a state of disadvantage because the person who evaluates your paper will be evaluating thousands of other papers. Hence, to make sure that your evaluator has not missed out on any piece of information that you have written, it is better to have good and legible handwriting.

3. What is the format of the UPSC Civil Services Mains examination?

The UPSC Civil Services Mains examination includes an Essay paper (Paper I), which is the initial paper in the exam.

4. How many essays are candidates required to write in the Essay paper?

Candidates are required to compose two essays from a selection of provided topics in the Essay paper.

5. How many marks does the Essay paper hold, and how does it contribute to the Final Merit List?

The Essay paper holds a total of 250 marks, and these marks contribute to the determination of the Final Merit List.

6. What is the time duration for the Essay paper in the UPSC Mains examination?

The time duration for the Essay paper is not specified, but candidates are advised to manage their time effectively.

7. Can candidates choose any topic for their essays, or are there specific topics provided?

Candidates must choose two essay topics from a selection of provided topics.

8. How are the essay topics categorized in the provided list?

The essay topics from the last 25 years are categorized into distinct topics such as Administration, Democracy/India since independence, Economic growth and development, Federalism, Decentralisation, Indian Culture & Society, Judiciary, Social justice/Poverty, Media & Society, Environment/Urbanisation, Economic sectors/MNCs, Education, Women, Quotes-based/Philosophy, Character, Globalisation, Science & Tech, Internet/IT, International organisations/relations, Security, and Miscellaneous.

9. What are some examples of essay topics related to Indian Culture & Society?

Examples include “The Indian society standing at a crucial juncture,” “Contemplating the correlation between civilization’s advancement and cultural decline,” and “Navigating the intersection of modernism and our traditional socio-ethical values.”

10. Are there specific essay topics related to Economics and Development?

Yes, essay topics related to Economics and Development include “Managing resources in the Indian context,” “Jobless growth in India: An aberration or a consequence of economic reforms,” and “Exploring the impact of new economic measures on fiscal relations between the union and states in India.”

11. How can candidates prepare for the essay paper effectively?

Candidates can prepare by reviewing and understanding essay topics from previous years, practicing essay writing, and staying updated on current affairs and relevant issues.

12. Are there any specific guidelines for essay writing provided by UPSC?

While specific guidelines are not mentioned, candidates are expected to express their thoughts coherently, provide well-reasoned arguments, and adhere to the given word limit. It is advisable to maintain clarity, conciseness, and a balanced perspective in essay writing.

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UPSC Essay Topics 2024 - Topic-Wise Essay Questions

Application
Eligibility
Selection Process
Preparation Tips
Exam Pattern

The UPSC Civil Services mains exam includes UPSC essay topics paper out of 9 papers. Candidates can check trending UPSC CSE essay topics here. These UPSC Essay questions range from multiple topics like Economic Growth, Art & Culture, Women Empowerment, Media & Society, etc. UPSC IAS essay topics are significant for candidates to clear the mains paper 1 of UPSC IAS exam .

New: UPSC IAS 2023 final Result & Toppers List | UPSC CSE 2023 cutoff

Latest: UPSC CSE sample papers | Complete guide | UPSC IAS 2024 application OUT; Direct link

Also See: UPSC IAS Mains question papers (2016-23)

UPSC Essay Topics 2024 - Topic-Wise Essay Questions

UPSC IAS essay exam topics play a vital role in UPSC IAS exam. UPSC IAS mains paper carries 250 marks and aspirants are asked to write at least 2 essays between 1000 to 1200 words in 3 hours. Aspirants need to analyse UPSC essays from last year's question papers to get an idea about UPSC CSE Essay topics. Practising IAS topics from previous years' papers assists candidates to clear the UPSC IAS exam 2024 easily. Candidates are required to read daily newspapers to get a clear idea about UPSC IAS essay 2024 exam topics.

UPSC IAS Essay Topics 2024

UPSC CSE essay paper is one of the 9 papers of the UPSC IAS mains examination. The IAS essay paper analysis is the perspective of aspirants on economic, social and political issues. UPSC usually takes IAS essay questions either from Current Affairs or affecting present society to a large extent. A few of the engaging UPSC CSE 2024 essay questions can be asked from the UPSC 2024 IAS exam.

Social Media

Surveillance/Privacy

Urbanisation

Globalisation

Bureaucracy

Water Security

Media Tourism

Constitution

Food Hunger/Poverty/Security

Human Resources - Employment

Development

Higher Education/Education/Foreign University in Higher Education

UPSC CSE Essay Questions - Previous Years

Aspirants must be aware of the latest trends of the IAS exam pattern 2024 for mains. Candidates will come to know about the types of IAS essay topics asked and important recent essay questions. The UPSC CSE essay topics asked in the IAS Mains exam in previous years are detailed below.

UPSC IAS Essay Topic 2023

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.

Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.

Not all who wander are lost.

Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane.

Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands - two equally harmful disciplines.

Mathematics is the music of reason

A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity

Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.

Previous year

Poets are the harmony of the world.

Forests can be the main area of discussion for economic excellence.

History of battle between scientific man and romantic man.

Ship in the Harbour is secured but not for that case.

When the sun shines, the roof needs repair.

Move twice on the same river.

A smile is a solution to all problems.

Topic-Wise UPSC IAS Essay Questions

Every year, the Union Public Service Commission tends to give two or more essays from one of the 9 subjects in the UPSC CSE 2024 exam. To write about these IAS essay questions, candidates must go through reference books on these subjects to get a clear picture of the CSE Essay topics.

1. Environment/Urbanization

Protection of Ecology and Environment

Urbanisation and its side-effects

Must a moratorium be imposed on all fresh mining in the tribal areas?

Brave human laws can’t resist natural laws.

2. Economic Sectors/MNCs

Multinational Corporations

BPO boom in India.

Special Economic zone - boon or bane?

Globalisation would finish small sectors.

Are traditional handcrafts finishing up slowly?

The Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model of development is more than a boon in the Indian Context.

Tourism can be the next big thing for India.

3. Education

Restructuring of the Indian Education System

Irrelevance of the classroom

Privatisation of Higher Education in India

Modern technological education and human values

What is real education?

The new emerging women's power

Greater political power will not wash out women’s plight

The woman is God’s best creation

Challenges and Prospects of Women's Empowerment

Empowerment cannot help our women

Whether women’s emancipation

If women ruled the world

The hand that rocks the cradle

Women’s reservation bill

Managing Work and Home

If development is not engendered, it is endangered.

The fulfilment of a ‘new woman’ in India is a myth.

5. Character

Attitude makes habit, habit makes character and character makes a man.

Discipline means success, anarchy means ruin.

The character of an Institution is reflected in its leader.

Need brings greed, if greed increases it spoils breed.

Joy is the easiest form of Gratitude.

A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge.

A people that values its privileges above its principles loses both

Custom morality can be a path to modern life.

6. Globalisation

Modernisation and Westernisation are not similar concepts.

The implication of globalisation in India.

The world of the 21st century.

Nationalism vs Globalization.

Globalisation and its effect on Indian culture.

The masks of new imperialism

My vision of the ideal world order.

Preparedness of our society for India’s global leadership role.

7. Science and Technology

The modern doctor and its patients.

Value-based education and science

Spirituality and scientific temper

The lure of space.

The march of Science and erosion of human values.

Science and Mysticism

Science and Technology are the panaceas for the growth and security of the nation.

Technology cannot replace manpower.

Alternative technology for a climate change resilient India.

8. International Organizations/Relations

Significance of Indo-US nuclear agreement.

Good fences make good neighbours.

Restructuring of UNO reflects present realities.

Has the Non-Alignment Movement lost its relevance in the multipolar world?

9. Security

Tourism and World Peace

Are we in a ‘soft’ state?

Both human intelligence and technical intelligence are important in combating terrorism.

10. Internet/IT

The cyberworld: its charm and challenges.

Cyberspace and Internet: Blessing or curse to human civilization in the long run.

Social media is inherently is selfish medium

A rapid increase in computerization would lead to the creation of a dehumanised society.

11. Media & Society

Misinterpretation and misuse of freedom in India.

Mass Media and Cultural Invasion.

Responsibility of media in a democracy.

How has satellite television brought about cultural change in Indian mindsets?

Does Indian cinema shape our popular culture or merely reflect it?

Is string operation an invasion of privacy?

How to Bring a Good Score on UPSC IAS Essay Topics?

Writing is a way to improve your thought process. It should be exactly what the examiner needs while accessing your written UPSC essay answer scripts. An essay is a well-structured collection of thoughts on any specific topic. The art to score high on the UPSC IAS mains paper 1 requires immense practice and perseverance. The UPSC Essay is never merely a test of factual knowledge but a test of creativity and spirit. To score good marks in UPSC CSE essay questions, follow the steps given below.

1. Choose IAS Essay Topics Carefully

The UPSC IAS Essay paper comprises two sections and candidates need to write one essay from each of the two given sections. Both UPSC essays are of 125 marks each of 1000-1200 words. Before choosing a UPSC essay topic, think over the topic whether it is controversial or you have enough data to write it.

2. Ponder the topic

While selecting the UPSC IAS essay question, think over the topic and select the main keywords that you are going to use during writing the essay. Implement a multi-dimensional approach to it and try to curate a good structure intro body and conclusion.

3. Curate Well

The introduction paragraph is the heart of the UPSC CSE essay topics and must have a concise and clear thought about the topic. The basic theme should be to talk about your views on the topic. The main body of the UPSC Essay should be divided into small paragraphs but must be well interlinked. The UPSC essay topic language should be lucid, convenient and easy to understand. The essay must evaluate your critical thinking ability rather than using decorative words. If needed, candidates must use data and facts. The usage of sayings and quotes adds weight to the UPSC Essay questions. The conclusion paragraph must be seen as self-explanatory. Candidates must have a balanced approach to UPSC IAS essay questions.

4. Go through ABC of Essay Writing

The ABC of UPSC essay writing must stand for appropriateness, brevity and consistency of UPSC essay topics. Following this rule will assist candidates while writing the UPSC CSE essay questions.

Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

UPSC Essay question papers have two sections with 4 to 5 essays each. A candidate must write two UPSC IAS essay topics, one from each section consisting of 1000-1200 words. The UPSC Essay paper is 250 marks and each essay contributes 125 marks.

A score of 125 and above is considered a good mark in Essay topics UPSC while a score between 100-120 is average. However, it’s not easy to score marks on paper if you haven’t prepared well enough. So, prepare well in the best possible method for UPSC IAS essay questions.

To start practising UPSC IAS essay topics, candidates must keep the following points in mind.

Read the best UPSC daily newspapers.

Highlight crucial lines or quotes and write them differently.

Practise one previous year's UPSC essay topic for at least a week and obtain it for peer review.

Use normal creative language while writing.

Implement integrated attitude thinking.

UPSC IAS 2023 essay topics can be divided into four categories - argumentative, expository, narrative and descriptive essays. The essay must be written in such a way that it would provide meaningful information to the reader.

Most of the UPSC IAS essay topics asked in the UPSC IAS exam are taken from Democracy and Bureaucracy, Administration, Politics, Economic Growth, Judiciary, Poverty, Indian Culture, Media, Justice, Environmental Pollution, Quotes, Women, Education, Globalization, Science & technology, etc. Candidates must pay attention more to these subjects while preparing UPSC CSE essay questions.

To write a good essay, you need to understand the topic properly so that you will be able to explain it in a proper way. During preparation, keep making notes and read the newspaper daily. You can listen to podcasts on various topics to develop a deep understanding.

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Questions related to UPSC CSE

Dear aspirant !!

Hope you are doing good !

Yes it will be considered because Bachelor in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology (BASLP) is a 4-year degree course . It is a multi-disciplinary profession with core subjects including speech pathology, language pathology, and audiology.

Hope it helps you ;

Dear Aspirant !

Hope you are fine!

The main subjects for the UPSC Exam are Indian Politics, Indian Economy, International Relations, Science and Technology, Geography, History, Environment and Ecology, and related Current Affairs . There are 25 subjects and 23 literature optional that one can choose from in addition to this..

Hello aspirant,

With the help of the IAS Answer Key 2024, applicants can estimate their potential score for the IAS preliminary exam, learn about the various IAS question types, gauge the exam's difficulty, and much more.

To get the answer key, you can visit our website by clicking on the link given below.

https://competition.careers360.com/articles/upsc-ias-answer-key

Hope this information helps you.

Hope you are doing good !!

The syllabus of these papers includes subjects like Modern Indian History, World Geography, International Relations, Indian Economic development, Disaster Management and Ethics, Aptitude and Integrity . To know all the subjects in detail, you can check UPSC syllabus 2024 for CSE in the given link below ;-

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://competition.careers360.com/articles/upsc-ias-syllabus&ved=2ahUKEwiYh_iZ_byEAxXLhlYBHf8GC1EQFnoECBEQAQ&usg=AOvVaw0LptyFY3WnS35rKlE8MAhL .

Hope it helps you !

Thanking you

Hope you are doing great.

As per your question, YES absolutely you can study for the IAS side by side along with your Btech course. There won't be any problem for the same. After completing your Btech course, then you can give your 1st attempt of UPSC exam.

Hope this helps!!

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Pathologist

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Veterinary Doctor

Speech therapist, gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth.

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Are you searching for an ‘Anatomist job description’? An Anatomist is a research professional who applies the laws of biological science to determine the ability of bodies of various living organisms including animals and humans to regenerate the damaged or destroyed organs. If you want to know what does an anatomist do, then read the entire article, where we will answer all your questions.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs.

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Photographer

Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.

An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story.

They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook.

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion.

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article.

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Individuals who opt for a career as a reporter may often be at work on national holidays and festivities. He or she pitches various story ideas and covers news stories in risky situations. Students can pursue a BMC (Bachelor of Mass Communication) , B.M.M. (Bachelor of Mass Media) , or MAJMC (MA in Journalism and Mass Communication) to become a reporter. While we sit at home reporters travel to locations to collect information that carries a news value.

Corporate Executive

Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.

Multimedia Specialist

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications.

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product.

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans.

Process Development Engineer

The Process Development Engineers design, implement, manufacture, mine, and other production systems using technical knowledge and expertise in the industry. They use computer modeling software to test technologies and machinery. An individual who is opting career as Process Development Engineer is responsible for developing cost-effective and efficient processes. They also monitor the production process and ensure it functions smoothly and efficiently.

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party.

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems.

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

Information Security Manager

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack

ITSM Manager

Automation test engineer.

An Automation Test Engineer job involves executing automated test scripts. He or she identifies the project’s problems and troubleshoots them. The role involves documenting the defect using management tools. He or she works with the application team in order to resolve any issues arising during the testing process.

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Essay Paper UPSC 2021 (Mains): Question Paper and Analysis

Last updated on January 8, 2022 by Alex Andrews George

UPSC conducted the Essay Paper , as part of the Civil Services Main Exam 2021 on 07-01-2022.

There were 8 Essay topics, out of which candidates were asked to write on two topics in 3 hours.

Candidates were supposed to answer about 1000 words for each essay (about 10-12 pages).

Table of Contents

Essay Paper UPSC 2021 Instructions

Total Marks: 250 marks, Time duration: 3 hours.
The essay must be written in the medium authorized in the admission certificate which must be stated clearly on the cover of this question-cum-answer (QCA) booklet in the space provided.
No marks will be given for answers written in the medium other than the authorized one.
Word limit, as specified, should be adhered to.
Any page or portion of the page left blank, must be struck off clearly.

Essay Question Paper – UPSC Civil Services Main Exam (Written) 2021

Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the following Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each:

1. The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced.

2. Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me.

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3. Philosophy of wantlessness is Utopian, while materialism is a chimera.

4. The real is rational and the rational is real.

5. Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.

6. What is research, but a blind date with knowledge!

7. History repeats itself, first as a tragedy, second as a farce.

8. There are better practices to “best practices”.

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Most of the essays topics this year were philosophical and open to the interpretation of the candidates. However, considering the philosophical base of the questions, most candidates found the questions tricky. It was not easy to write 1000 words on each topic within the time constraints.

UPSC has ensured that the essay topics were much different from the GS questions.

A philosophical theme is clearly evident in most of the essay topics in Section A as well as Section B. This was the case in 2020 as well. However, this year it became much more prominent. It is a clue about what UPSC expects from the essay paper.

Rather than asking candidates to write on topics most aspirants are familiar or trained with, UPSC is now evaluating the essay writing skills of aspirants by providing them with abstract or philosophical topics.

The reason for such a shift in the pattern should be the change in the focus of the Commission.

All the 8 topics presented this year will test spontaneous thinking, comprehension, writing skills, and time-management of aspirants.

Repeated questions from previous years

The importance of the previous year UPSC questions cannot be stressed more.

Just like prelims, in mains too many questions came directly repeated from previous year question papers. Also, there were themes you often see in many essay books.

One such question was Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.

Thinkers, Philosophers, and their Quotes

Let’s analyse the source of some of the question topics.

Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me.

This essay topic was a quote going rounds on the internet. The quote is attributed to “Coach Bobbi” [Bobbi Chegwyn] on Facebook.

Philosophy of wantlessness is Utopian, while materialism is a chimera.

This essay topic was connected with J.K. Mehta’s Theory of Wantlessness!

This has also connections with Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy.

The real is rational and the rational is real.

This is a quote by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel .

As per Hegel, something can be real, yet it may not exist. Also, something may not be real, it may still exist. For Hegel, reality does not mean existence.

Among philosophers, Hegel is one whose thought is extremely difficult to understand. Often to understand Hegel’s thoughts, we need to grasp his ideas, not in isolation but together with his dialogue with other philosophers, in particular, Aristotle and Kant.

The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.

“The Hand That Rocks the Cradle Is the Hand That Rules the World” is a poem by William Ross Wallace that praises motherhood as the preeminent force for change in the world. The poem was first published in 1865 under the title “ What Rules the World “.

What is research, but a blind date with knowledge!

This is a quote by Will Harvey . Will Harvey (born 1967) is an American software developer and Silicon Valley entrepreneur.

History repeats itself, first as a tragedy, second as a farce.

It was Karl Marx who said that history repeats itself, first as tragedy, then as farce.

First, it’s a tragedy because it shouldn’t have happened. Then it’s a farce (joke) because we didn’t learn from our mistakes the first time around. This is Marx’s version of dark humour.

What should aspirants preparing for next year do for an essay paper?

First of all, you should take the essay paper seriously.

Unless properly trained, it is not easy to write 10-12 pages on an abstract or philosophical topic.

You need to polish your comprehension and analytical skills.

Read different kinds of essays – particularly philosophical essays.

Give stress to the thoughts of philosophers like Immanuel Kant, Thomas Aquinas, John Locke, Friedrich Niche, Karl Marx etc. Start writing essays on famous quotes.

Also, be prepared to write essays touching other areas like society, polity, economy, or technology. UPSC is known for surprises.

Remember that there is nothing like a constant trend with respect to UPSC questions.

What you get by analysing the previous year question papers are clues. And only those are what you need from UPSC questions!

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About Alex Andrews George

Alex Andrews George is a mentor, author, and social entrepreneur. Alex is the founder of ClearIAS and one of the expert Civil Service Exam Trainers in India.

He is the author of many best-seller books like 'Important Judgments that transformed India' and 'Important Acts that transformed India'.

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Reader Interactions

January 8, 2022 at 11:36 am

Upsc has chosen right path to evaluate person.one person read, listen ,rember and write in exam.He qualify exam.He is just like computer.worthy less people selected by upsc every year.They are not thinker.so our country is intellectually insolvent.civil services requires thinker to. progess country and welfare of common man.These types of question evaluate intellectual for the welfare of human being.

January 9, 2022 at 1:44 pm

You are putting the quality of a leader and a literate society in such a person who just has to follow his supremes.He/She must be a good analyst. That’s it!!!

June 13, 2022 at 12:41 pm

in the bureaucracy – there is no space for logical thinking.

once you clear the exams and get appointed – you have to follow the “protocol’ or “procedures” – its difficult to be analytical and innovative – bcos the system demands obedience and adherence to the protocol. If you follow the protocol – and even if lot of people are severely affected – you wont be taken to task. But if you are innovative – and even if ONE person gets affected – you will be punished.

January 8, 2022 at 4:02 pm

Yeah!I’ve passed upsc .

January 25, 2022 at 2:21 pm

I have written Essay on three topics..how may I share?

Don’t lose out without playing the right game!

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Important UPSC Essay Topics from Previous Years: Download PDF

Annesha Deb ,

Mar 4, 2024 | UPSC CSAT

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The judiciary, economics, society, government policies, geography, science and technology, and federalism are some areas for UPSC essay topics. Students have to answer 1 essay topic from Sections A and B.

Important UPSC Essay Topics from Previous Years: Download PDF

The UPSC Essay Topics 2023 are segmented into two sections - Section A and B with 4 topics each. The topics are "Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team", "Visionary decision-making at the intersection of intuition and logic", "Not all who wander are lost".

UPSC essay topics are from various areas: Administration, Democracy/India since Independence, Judiciary, Economics, Federalism, Decentralisation, Indian culture and Society, Environment, Socialisation, and Science & Technology. The essay questions are part of civil services mains exams. Each essay topic must be written within 1000 to 1200 words.

Table of Contents

UPSC Essay Topics from Previous Years PDFs: Download Link

UPSC Essay Topics from Previous Years

How to prepare for upsc essay topics, upsc essay topics from previous years pdfs.

In the table below are the UPSC essay topics from the previous years. These are the official PDFs. Students can download the PDFs by clicking on the links.

UPSC essay topics are divided into two sections: Sections A and B. Students have to choose their desired topic. There are 4 topics in each section. Here are the UPSC essay topics from 2023 to 2014.

UPSC Essay Topics 2023

Upsc essay topics 2022, upsc essay topics 2021, upsc essay topics 2020, upsc essay topics 2019, upsc essay topics 2018, upsc essay topics 2017, upsc essay topics 2016, upsc essay topics 2015, upsc essay topics 2014.

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team
Visionary decision-making at the intersection of intuition and logic
Not all who wander are lost
Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane
Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands - two equally harmful disciplines
Mathematics is the music of reason
A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity
Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school
Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence.
Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.
History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man.
A ship in harbor is safe, but that is not what ship is for.
The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.
You cannot step twice in the same river.
A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities.
Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.

Also Check : UPSC Toppers Answer Sheet: Download PDF

The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced.
Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me.
Philosophy of wantlessness is Utopian, while materialism is a chimera.
The real is rational and the rational is real.
Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.
What is research, but a blind date with knowledge!
History repeats itself, first as a tragedy, second as a farce.
There are better practices to "best practices".

Also Check : How to Crack UPSC?

Life is long journey between human being and being humane.
Mindful manifesto is the catalyst to a tranquil self.
Ships do not sink because of water around them, ships sink because of water that gets into them.
Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.
Culture is what we are, civilization is what we have.
There can be no social justice without economic prosperity but economic prosperity without social justice is meaningless.
Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality.
Technology as the silent factor in international relations.

Also Check : Easiest Optional Subjects for UPSC

Wisdom finds truth.
Values are not what humanity is, but what humanity ought to be.
Best for an individual is not necessarily best for the society.
Courage to accept and dedication to improve are two keys to success.
South Asian societies are woven not around the state, but around their plural cultures and plural identities.
Neglect of primary health care and education in India are reasons for its backwardness.
Biased media is a real threat to Indian democracy.
Rise of Artificial Intelligence: the threat of jobless future or better job opportunities through reskilling and upskilling.
Alternative technologies for a climate change resilient India.
A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge.
Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere.
Management of Indian border disputes-a complex task.
The past' is a permanent dimension of human consciousness and values.
A people that values its privileges above its principles loses both.
Reality does not conform to the ideal, but confirms it.
Farming has lost the ability to be a source of subsistence for majority of farmers in India.
Impact of the new economic measures on fiscal ties between the union and states in India.
Destiny of a nation is shaped in its classrooms.
Has the Non-Alignment Movement (NAM) lost its relevance in a multipolar world?
Joy is the simplest form of gratitude.
Fulfilment of 'new woman' in India is a myth.
We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws.
Social media' is inherently a selfish medium.
If development is not engendered, it is endangered.
Need brings greed, if greed increases it spoils breed.
Water disputes between States in federal India.
Innovation is the key determinant of economic growth and social welfare.
Cooperative federalism: Myth or reality.
Cyberspace and Internet: Blessing or curse to the human civilization in the long run.
Near jobless growth in India: An anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms.
Digital economy: A leveller or a source of economic inequality.
Lending hands to someone is better than giving a dole.
Quick but steady wins the race.
Character of an institution is reflected in its leader.
Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make a man more clever devil.
Technology cannot replace manpower.
Crisis faced in India - moral or economic.
Dreams which should not let India sleep.
Can capitalism bring inclusive growth ?
With greater power comes greater responsibility.
Is the growing level of competition good for the youth?
Are the standardized tests good measure of academic ability or progress?
Words are sharper than the two-edged sword.
Was it the policy paralysis or the paralysis of implementation which slowed the growth of our country?
Is sting operation an invasion on privacy?
Fifty Golds in Olympics: Can this be a reality for India?
Tourism Can this be the next big thing for India?

Preparation for UPSC essay topics is important. One hundred twenty-five marks are allotted to each topic, and the total marks for the paper are 250.

Therefore, here are some of the preparation tips:

Research for Topics: Students are advised to review the popular essay topics. Do a thorough research on the topic and support the essay with facts.
List Down the Topics: Once the topics are gathered, students must divide them into judiciary, polity, administration, society, economics, etc. This process helps in collecting supporting information quickly.
Know the Latest Events: UPSC essay topics are usually from the latest events. The knowledge of events is tested; students must watch the news or read Pratiyogita Darpan to know the latest events.
Practice Writing: The writing has to be fast and precise. Students must choose a topic, start writing on it, and time themselves.
Proofread: Students must also proofread their essay topics if there are mistakes that will cost them a deduction of marks.

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Essay UPSC Topic wise Previous Year Questions (1993-2023)

The importance of practicing Essay Papers from previous year questions (PYQ) topic-wise, with the aim of achieving high marks for a better rank in the UPSC Civil Services Examination, cannot be overstated.

The Essay Paper in UPSC CSE Mains carries a weightage of 250 marks. Therefore, the percentage of total marks covered by the Essay Paper is ≈14.29%Percentage.

1. India: Democracy, Administration, Society, Culture

1.1 India Since Independence

My vision of India in 2001 a.d. -1993
Whither Indian democracy? -1995
What we have not learnt during fifty years of independence. -1997
Why should we be proud of being Indians? -2000
What have we gained from our democratic set-up? -2001
How far has democracy in India delivered the goods? -2003
In the context of Gandhiji’s views on the matter, explore, on an evolutionary scale, the terms ‘Swadhinata’, ‘Swaraj’ and ‘Dharmarajya’. Critically comment on their contemporary relevance to Indian democracy -2012
Is the Colonial mentality hindering India’s Success? -2013
Dreams which should not let India sleep. -2015

1.2Federalism, Decentralization

The language problem in India: its past, present and prospects. -1998
Water resources should be under the control of the central government. -2004
Evaluation of panchayati raj system in India from the point of view of eradication of power to people. -2007
Creation of smaller states and the consequent administrative, economic and developmental implication -2011
Water disputes between States in federal India. -2016
Cooperative federalism : Myth or reality. -2016
Impact of the new economic measures on fiscal ties between the union and states in India. -2017

1.3 Administration

Politics, bureaucracy and business – fatal triangle. -1994
Politics without ethics is a disaster. -1995
The VIP cult is a bane of Indian democracy -1996
Need for transparency in public administration -1996
The country’s need for a better disaster management system. -2000
How should a civil servant conduct himself? -2003

1.4 Judiciary

Judicial activism. -1997
Judicial activism and Indian democracy. -2004
Justice must reach the poor -2005
We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws. -2017

1.5 Poverty, Social Justice

Reservation, politics and empowerment. -1999
Food security for sustainable national development -2005
The focus of health care is increasingly getting skewed towards the ‘haves’ of our society. -2009
Neglect of primary health care and education in India are reasons for its backwardness. -2019
There can be no social justice without economic prosperity but economic prosperity without social justice is meaningless -2020

1.6 Indian Society, Culture and Values

The Indian society at the crossroads. -1994
New cults and godmen: a threat to traditional religion -1996
The composite culture of India. -1998
Indian culture today: a myth or a reality? -2000
Modernism and our traditional socio-ethical values. -2000
Culture is what we are, civilization is what we have -2020
From traditional Indian philanthropy to the gates-buffet model-a natural progression or a paradigm shift? -2010
A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity. 2023

1.7 Media, TV & Cinema

The misinterpretation and misuse of freedom in India. -1998
Mass media and cultural invasion. -1999
Responsibility of media in a democracy. -2002
How has satellite television brought about cultural change in Indian mindsets? -2007
Role of media in good governance -2008
Does Indian cinema shape our popular culture or merely reflect it? -2011
Biased media is a real threat to Indian democracy. -2019
Is sting operation an invasion on privacy? -2014

2. Economy, Development

2.1 Growth vs Development

Economic growth without distributive justice is bound to breed violence. -1993
Resource management in the Indian context. -1999
GDP (Gross Domestic Product) along with GDH (Gross Domestic Happiness) would be the right indices for judging the wellbeing of a country-2013
Was it the policy paralysis or the paralysis of implementation which slowed the growth of our country? -2014
Crisis faced in India – moral or economic. -2015
Can capitalism bring inclusive growth? -2015
Digital economy: A leveller or a source of economic inequality. -2016
Innovation is the key determinant of economic growth and social welfare. -2016
Near jobless growth in India: An anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms. -2016
Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere. -2018

2.2 Environment vs Development

Ecological considerations need not hamper development. -1993
Urbanization is a blessing in disguise. -1997
Protection of ecology and environment is essential for sustained economic development. -2006
Urbanisation and its hazards -2008
Should a moratorium be imposed on all fresh mining in tribal areas of the country? -2010
Alternative technologies for a climate change resilient India. -2018
Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence.-2022
Multinational corporations – saviours or saboteurs -1994
Globalization would finish small-scale industries in India. -2006
Special economic zone: boon or bane -2008
Is the criticism that the ‘Public-Private-Partnership’ (PPP) model for development is more of a bane than a boon in the Indian context, justified ?-2012

2.4 Sectors of Economy

BPO boom in India. -2007
Are our traditional handicrafts doomed to a slow death? -2009
Tourism: Can this be the next big thing for India? -2014
Farming has lost the ability to be a source of subsistence for majority of farmers in India. -2017

3. Education

3.1 Values in Education

Literacy is growing very fast, but there is no corresponding growth in education. -1996
Irrelevance of the classroom. -2001
Independent thinking should be encouraged right form the childhood. -2007
Is an egalitarian society possible by educating the masses ? -2008
What is real education? -2005
Are the standardized tests good measure of academic ability or progress? -2014
Is the growing level of competition good for the youth? -2014
Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make a man more clever devil-2015
Destiny of a nation is shaped in its classrooms. -2017
Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school. 2023
Mathematics is the music of reason. 2023

3.2 Scheme implementation

Restructuring of Indian education system. -1995
“Education for all” campaign in India: myth or reality. -2006

3.3 Higher education

Privatization of higher education in India. -2002
Credit – based higher education system – status, opportunities and challenges -2011

4. Quote based, Philosophy, Ethics

4.1 Character, Honesty, Ethics

He would reigns within himself and folds his passions and desires and fears is more than a king. -1993
Attitude makes, habit makes character and character makes a man. -2007
With greater power comes greater responsibility. -2014
Words are sharper than the two-edged sword. -2014
Character of an institution is reflected in its leader. -2015
Need brings greed, if greed increases it spoils breed. -2016
A people that values its privileges above its principles loses both. -2018
Customary morality cannot be a guide to modem file. -2018
Values are not what humanity is, but what humanity ought to be -2019
Best for an individual is not necessarily best for the society -2019
Courage to accept and dedication to improve are two keys to success -2019
Wisdom finds truth -2019
Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication -2020
Ships don’t sink because of water around them ships sink because of water that gets into them -2020
Life is a long journey between human being and being humane.- 2020
Philosophy of wantlessness is Utopian, while materialism is a chimera. – 2021
Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me.- 2021
The real is rational and the rational is real. – 2021
History repeats itself, first as a tragedy, second as a farce. – 2021
A ship in the harbour is safe but that is not what a ship is for. -2022
Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right. -2022
Not all who wander are lost. 2023

4.2 Knowledge

Disinterested intellectual curiosity is the lifeblood of civilisation. -1995
There is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so. -2003
‘The past’ is a permanent dimension of human consciousness and values. -2018
A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge. -2018
Mindful manifesto is the catalyst to a tranquil self.- 2020
Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world. -2022
What is research, but a blind date with knowledge! – 2021
Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic. 2023

4.3 Compassion

Compassion is the basic of all morality of the world -1993
Be the change you want to see in others (Gandhi)-2013
Lending hands to someone is better than giving a dole. -2015
Joy is the simplest form of gratitude. -2017
Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world. – 2021
You cannot step twice in the same river. -2022
Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane. 2023

4.4 Truth and reality

When money speaks, the truth is silent. -1995
Truth is lived, not taught -1996
Search for truth can only be a spiritual problem. -2002
Reality does not conform to the ideal, but confirms it. -2018

4.5 Youth, Discipline

Youth is a blunder, manhood a struggle, old age a regret -1994
Youth culture today. -1999
If youth knew, if age could. -2002
Discipline means success, anarchy means ruin -2008
Fifty Golds in Olympics: Can this be a reality for India? -2014

4.6 Towards excellence

Useless life is an early death. -1994
Our deeds determine us, as much as we determine our deeds. -1995
The pursuit of excellence. -2001
The paths of glory lead but to the grave. -2002
Quick but steady wins the race. -2015
There are better practices to “best practices” – 2021
The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining. -2022
Smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities. -2022
Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. 2023

5. Women Empowerment

5.1 National Politics

The new emerging women power: the ground realities. -1995
Greater political power alone will not improve women’s plight. -1997
Women’s reservation bill would usher in empowerment for women in India. -2006

5.2 World / Quote type

If women ruled the world -2005
The hand that rocks the cradle -2005

5.3 Empowerment overall

Women empowerment: challenges and prospects. -1999
Empowerment alone cannot help our women. -2001
Whither women’s emancipation? -2004
If development is not engendered, it is endangered. -2016
Fulfilment of ‘new woman’ in India is a myth. -2017
Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality. -2020

5.4 Compared to men

Men have failed: let women take over. -1993
Woman is god’s best creation. -1998
Managing work and home – is the Indian working woman getting a fair deal ?-2012
History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man. -2022
Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines. 2023

6. International issues, Internal Security

6.1 Globalization

Modernisation and westernisation are not identical concepts. -1994
India’s contribution to world wisdom. -1998
The world of the twenty-first century. -1998
The implications of globalization for India. -2000
My vision of an ideal world order. -2001
The masks of new imperialism. -2003
As civilization advances culture declines. -2003
Globalizations and its impact on Indian culture. -2004
National identity and patriotism -2008
‘globalization’ vs. ‘nationalism’ -2009
Geography may remain the same ; history need not. -2010
Preparedness of our society for India’s global leadership role. 2010
South Asian societies are woven not around the state, but around their plural cultures and plural identities. -2019

6.2 International Org./ Bilateral

The global order: political and economic -1993
Restructuring of UNO reflect present realities -1996
India’s role in promoting ASEAN co-operation. -2004
Importance of Indo-US nuclear agreement -2006
Has the Non-Alignment Movement (NAM) lost its relevance in a multipolar world ? -2017
Technology as the silent factor in international relations -2020

6.3 Security

True religion cannot be misused. -1997
Terrorism and world peace -2005
Is autonomy the best answer to combat balkanization? -2007
Are we a ‘soft’ state ? -2009
Good fences make good neighbours -2009
In the Indian context , both human intelligence and technical intelligence are crucial in combating terrorism -2011
Management of Indian border dispute is a complex task. -2018

7. Science-Technology

7.1 Science and Religion

Spirituality and scientific temper. -2003
Science and Mysticism : Are they compatible ?-2012

7.2 Science and Education

Value-based science and education. -1999
The march of science and the erosion of human values. -2001
Modern technological education and human values. -2002

7.3 Computer and internet

Computer: the harbinger of silent revolution. -1993
The cyberworld: its charms and challenges. -2000
Increasing computerization would lead to the creation of a dehumanized society. -2006
Cyberspace and Internet : Blessing or curse to the human civilization in the long run -2016
‘Social media’ is inherently a selfish medium. -2017
Rise of Artificial Intelligence: the threat of jobless future or better job opportunities through reskilling and upskilling. -2019
Technology as the silent factor in international relations. -2020

7.4 Sci-Tech: others

The modern doctor and his patients. -1997
The lure of space. -2004
Science and technology is the panacea for the growth and security of the nation-2013
Technology cannot replace manpower. -2015
The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced. – 2021

Here are several reasons why practice with Essay PYQ’s is crucial:

Alignment with UPSC Trends: Practicing with PYQs allows candidates to align their preparation with the evolving trends of the UPSC. Understanding the historical context of essay topics helps in anticipating and preparing for potential themes in the upcoming exam.
Grasp of Exam Expectations: PYQs provide insights into the expectations of the examiners. By analyzing past questions, candidates can discern the depth of analysis, the breadth of knowledge required, and the quality of expression that the UPSC values in essay answers.
Thematic Coverage: Previous year questions cover a wide array of themes, ranging from socio-economic issues to philosophical concepts. Practicing with these questions ensures that candidates have a comprehensive understanding of the diverse subjects that may be presented in the essay paper.
Content Refinement: Repeated practice on specific topics from PYQs aids in refining content knowledge. It helps candidates revisit and reinforce their understanding of key concepts, theories, and factual information relevant to different subjects.
Structural Mastery: Crafting well-structured essays is crucial for effective communication. Practicing with PYQs allows candidates to master the art of structuring their essays, ensuring a logical flow of ideas and a coherent presentation.
Time Management Skills: The essay paper has a strict time limit. Regular practice with PYQs hones time management skills, enabling candidates to allocate their time wisely between planning, writing, and revising their essays during the actual examination.
Adaptability to Varied Topics: Since PYQs cover diverse topics, candidates become more adaptable to addressing a broad spectrum of subjects. This adaptability is essential for tackling any unforeseen or unfamiliar topics that may appear in the exam.
Feedback Incorporation: Practicing essays from PYQs provides candidates with an opportunity to receive feedback on their responses. Constructive feedback helps in identifying areas for improvement, allowing candidates to refine their writing skills and enhance the quality of their answers.
Holistic Skill Development: The essay paper evaluates a range of skills, including critical analysis, synthesis of information, effective communication, and a nuanced understanding of issues. Practicing with PYQs contributes to the holistic development of these skills.
Confidence Boost: Regularly practicing essays from PYQs instills confidence in candidates. The familiarity with the exam format, topics, and the ability to produce well-argued essays under timed conditions builds confidence, positively impacting overall performance.

In conclusion, practicing essay papers from PYQs topic-wise is a strategic approach that not only aligns preparation with the expectations of the UPSC but also contributes to comprehensive skill development. This practice enhances a candidate’s chances of securing high marks in the essay paper, ultimately leading to a better rank in the UPSC Civil Services Examination.

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Table of Contents

Essay (UPSC Mains) – Previous Year Questions

Thinking is like a game; it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.
Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.
Not all who wander are lost.
Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane.
Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands — two equally harmful disciplines.
Mathematics is the Music of Reason.
A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity.
Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.

Value based / Ethical Issues

A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities.
Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.

Philosophical

The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.
You can not step twice in the same river.
A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for.

Miscellaneous / Mixed

Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence. (Environment / Economics)
Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world ( Literature / Socio-political-economic impacts)
History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man ( History / Values / Philosophy)
Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me.
Philosophy of wantlessness is Utopian, while materialism is a chimera.
The real is rational and the rational is real.
Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.

History / Culture

History repeats itself, first as a tragedy, second as a farce.

Science and Technology

What is research, but a blind date with knowledge!
There are better practices to “best practices”. ( Multiple Themes )
The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced. ( Philosophy / Technology)
Life is long journey between human being and being humane.
Mindful manifesto is the catalyst to a tranquil self.
Ships do not sink because of water around them; ships sink because of water that gets into them.
Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.
Culture is what we are, civilization is what we have.

Social Issues

There can be no social justice without economic prosperity but economic prosperity without social justice is meaningless.
Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality.
Technology as the silent factor in international relations ( Technology / International Relation ).
Values are not what humanity is, but what humanity ought to be.
Courage to accept and dedication to improve are two keys to success.
Wisdom finds truth.
South Asian societies are woven not around the state, but around their plural cultures and plural identities.
Best for an individual is not necessarily best for the society.
Neglect of primary health care and education in India are reasons for its backwardness.

Science & Technology

Rise of Artificial Intelligence: the threat of jobless future or better job opportunities through reskilling and upskilling.
Biased media is a real threat to Indian democracy.
A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge.
A people that value its privileges above its principles lose both.
“The past’ is a permanent dimension of human consciousness and values.
Customary morality cannot be a guide to modern life.
Reality does not conform to the ideal, but confirms it.
Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere.

Environment

Alternative technologies for a climate change resilient India.

IR & Security

Management of Indian border disputes – a complex task.
Joy is the simplest form of gratitude.
Fulfilment of ‘new woman’ in India is a myth.
Social media is inherently a selfish medium Domain.
Has the Non- Alignment Movement (NAM) lost its relevance in a multi-polar world Domain.
Farming has lost the ability to be a source of subsistence for majority of farmers in India Domain. ( Agriculture )
Impact of the new economic measures on fiscal ties between the union and states in India Domain.
Destiny of a nation is shaped in its classrooms.

Polity & Governance

We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws Domain.
Need brings greed, if greed increases it spoils breed.
If development is not engendered, it is endangered.
Cyberspace and internet: Blessing or curse to the human civilization in the long run Domain.
Near jobless growth in India: An anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms.
Water disputes between states in federal India Domain.
Cooperative federalism: Myth or reality India.
Digital economy: A leveller or a source of economic inequality. ( Technology / Economy)
Innovation is the key determinant of economic growth and social welfare Domain. ( Technology / Economy / Social Sector)
Character of an institution is reflected in its leader.
Lending hands to someone is better than giving a dole.
Quick but steady wins the race.
Technology cannot replace manpower.
Can capitalism bring inclusive growth?
Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make a man more clever devil. ( Education / Ethics)
Crisis faced in India – moral or economic. ( Morality / Economics)
With greater power comes greater responsibility.
Words are sharper than the two-edged sword.
Is sting operation an invasion on privacy?
Was it the policy paralysis or the paralysis of implementation which slowed the growth of our country?
Tourism: Can this be the next big thing for India?
Is the growing level of competition good for the youth?
Are the standardized tests, good measure of academic ability or progress?
Dreams which should not let India sleep. ( Multiple themes )
Fifty Gold’s in Olympics: Can this be a reality for India? ( Sports / Governance )
Be the change you want to see in others – Gandhiji
Science and technology is the panacea for the growth and security of the nation.
GDP (Gross Domestic Product) along with GDH (Gross Domestic Happiness) would be the right indices for judging the well-being of a country.
Is the Colonial mentality hindering India’s Success? ( History / Culture / Growth & Development / Ethics )

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UPSC Mains: Essay Previous Year Questions

Essay Writing is one of the most important areas of UPSC Civil services mains examination . Candidates are expected to write in a legible and lucid manner on wide range of topics that cover social, economic, ethical and philosophical ideas. Previous year questions are a great way of understanding trend and expectations of UPSC topics. GS SCORE brings to you detailed analysis and discussion of previous year Essay topics from 2015-2023. It is aimed to help you in writing a well-structured and coherent essay in the examination.

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Program Highlights

Questions & Discussion
56 PYQs Discussion with Model Answers
2 theme videos Discussion

The module includes following components to give you a holistic coverage of the PYQs:

Themes Discussion:

In Depth video discussion will be provided on 2 themes

How to write Philosophical essay
How to write essay on contemporary issues

Model Answers: For each PYQ Model Approach and Model Hints shall be provided.

Answer Discussion: For each PYQ answer discussion will be available focusing on concepts explanation approach to the answer.

Note: Validity of the course will be till 2026 with updated sessions of 2022 and 2023 Mains question discussion.

Sample Question, Model Answer & Discussion Video

The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced. 2021 Model Answer & Discussion Video
The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced. 2021 Video & Solution
Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me. 2021
Philosophy of wantlessness is Utopian, while materialism is a chimera. 2021
The real is rational and the rational is real. To irrational principles, one cannot be loyal. Ideas that are not derived from reality cannot be consistently practiced in reality.? Ayn Rand 2021
Hands that rocks the cradle rules the world 2021
What is research, but a blind date with knowledge! 2021
History repeats itself, first as a tragedy, second as a farce. 2021
There are better practices to “best practice.” 2021
Life is a long journey between human being and being humane. 2020
Mindful manifesto is the catalyst to a tranquil self 2020
Ships do not sink because of water around them, ships sink because of water that gets into them What happens to a man is less significant than what happens within him. – Louis L. Mann. 2020
Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication 2020
Culture is what we are, civilization is what we have 2020
Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality 2020
Technology as the silent factor in international relation 2020
There can be no social justice without economic prosperity but economic prosperity without social justice is meaningless 2020
Wisdom finds truth If you want to go east, don't go west.- Ramakrishna 2019
Values are not what humanity is, but what humanity ought to be “A highly developed values system is like a compass. It serves as a guide to point you in the right direction when you are lost.” – Idowu Koyenikan 2019
Best for an individual is not necessarily best for the society Everybody’s journey is individual. Unlike a drop of water which loses its identity when it joins the ocean, man does not lose his being in the society in which he lives. – James Baldwin 2019
Courage to accept and dedication to improve are two keys to success “There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work, and learning from failure.” – Colin Powell 2019
South Asian societies are woven not around the state, but around the plural cultures and plural identities. They (South Asians) share the same values, the same language. Practically speaking, they are the two halves of one consciousness. – Bharati Mukherjee, Desirable Daughters 2019
Neglect of Primary Health Care and education in India are reasons for its backwardness. Education, work and access to healthcare for all are key elements for development and just distribution of goods for attainment of social justice, for membership in society, and for free and responsible participation in political life. – Pope Francis 2019
Biased Media is a real threat to Indian Democracy “For in these days, With the press in hand, it is easy to manufacture Great Men.” – BR Ambedkar The above satire of the “Father of Indian Constitution”, Dr. B R Ambedkar clearly states the present state of Indian media which has been profoundly referred as “Fourth Pillar” of the Indian democracy other three being executive, legislature and judiciary. 2019
Rise of artificial intelligence: the threat of jobless future or better job opportunities through reskilling and upskilling “What to do about mass unemployment? This is going to be a massive social challenge. There will be fewer and fewer jobs that a robot cannot do better [than a human]. These are not things that I wish will happen. These are simply things that I think probably will happen.” -Elon Musk (Space Scientist, entrepreneur and owner of Space X and Tesla) 2019
Alternative technologies for a climate change resilient India 2018
A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge 2018
Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere 2018
Management of Indian border disputes – a complex task 2018
Customary morality cannot be a guide to modern life 2018
“The past’ is a permanent dimension of human consciousness and values “Never let the past overburden you, but always let it teach you” 2018
A people that values its privileges above its principles loses both 2018
Reality does not conform to the ideal, but confirms it 2018
Farming has lost the ability to be a source of subsistence for majority of farmers in India. 2017
Impact of the new economic measures on fiscal ties between the union and states in India 2017
Destiny of a nation is shaped in its classrooms. 2017
Has the Non-Alignment Movement (NAM) lost its relevance in a multipolar world? 2017
Joy is the simplest form of gratitude. 2017
Fulfilment of 'new women' in India a myth. 2017
We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws. 2017
'Social Media' is inherently a selfish medium. 2017
If development is not engendered, it is endangered 2016
Need brings greed, if greed increases it spoils breed 2016
Water disputes between states in federal India 2016
Innovation is the key determinant of economic growth and social welfare 2016
Cooperative federalism: Myth or reality 2016
Cyberspace and internet: Blessing or curse to the human civilization in the long run 2016
Near jobless growth in India: An anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms 2016
Digital economy: A leveller or a source of economic inequality 2016
Lending Hands to Someone is Better than giving a dole. 2015
Quick but Steady Wins the Race. 2015
Character of an Institution is Reflected in its Leader. 2015
Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make a man more clever devil. 2015
Technology cannot Replace Manpower. 2015
Crisis faced in India - Moral or Economic. 2015
Dreams which should not let India Sleep. 2015
Can Capitalism bring Inclusive growth? 2015

Model Answer & Discussion Video

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Previous Year Essay Topics (1993-2020)

Science-technology, science and religion.

Spirituality and scientific temper. -2003
Science and Mysticism: Are they compatible? -2012

Science and Education

Modern technological education and human values. -2002
Value-based science and education. -1999
The march of science and the erosion of human values. -2001

Computer and internet

Technology as the silent factor in international relations -2020
Rise of Artificial Intelligence: the threat of jobless future or better job opportunities through reskilling and upskilling. -2019
‘Social media is inherently a selfish medium. -2017
Cyberspace and Internet: Blessing or curse to the human civilization in the long run -2016
Increasing computerization would lead to the creation of a dehumanized society. -2006
The cyberworld: Its charms and challenges. -2000
Computer: the harbinger of silent revolution. -1993

Sci-Tech: others

Technology cannot replace manpower. -2015
Science and technology is the panacea for the growth and security of the nation-2013
The modern doctor and his patients. -1997
The lure of space. -2004

Poverty, Social Justice

There can be no social justice without economic prosperity but economic prosperity without social justice is meaningless -2020
Neglect of primary health care and education in India are reasons for its backwardness. -2019
The focus of health care is increasingly getting skewed towards the ‘haves’ of our society. -2009
Food security for sustainable national development -2005
Reservation, politics and empowerment. -1999

India: Democracy, administration, Society, culture

Is the Colonial mentality hindering India’s Success? -2013
In the context of Gandhiji’s views on the matter, explore, on an evolutionary scale, the terms ‘Swadhinata’, ‘Swaraj’ and ‘Dharmarajya’. Critically comment on their contemporary relevance to Indian democracy -2012
Dreams which should not let India sleep. -2015
Why should we be proud of being Indians? -2000
Whither Indian democracy? -1995
How far has democracy in India delivered the goods? -2003
What we have not learnt during fifty years of independence. -1997
What have we gained from our democratic setup? -2001
My vision of India in 2001 a.d. -1993

Federalism, Decentralization

Impact of the new economic measures on fiscal ties between the union and states in India. -2017
Water disputes between States in federal India. -2016
Cooperative federalism: Myth or reality. -2016
Creation of smaller states and the consequent administrative, economic and developmental implication -2011
Evaluation of Panchayati raj system in India from the point of view of eradication of power to people. -2007
Water resources should be under the control of the central government. -2004
The language problem in India: it’s past, present and prospects. -1998

Administration

How should a civil servant conduct himself? -2003
Politics without ethics is a disaster. -1995
The VIP cult is a bane of Indian democracy -1996
Need for transparency in public administration -1996
The country’s need for a better disaster management system. -2000
Politics, bureaucracy and business – fatal triangle. -1994
We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws. -2017
Justice must reach the poor -2005
Judicial activism and Indian democracy. -2004
Judicial activism. -1997

Indian Society, Culture and Values

Culture is what we are, civilization is what we have -2020
Indian culture today: a myth or a reality? -2000
Modernism and our traditional socio-ethical values. -2000
The composite culture of India. -1998
The Indian society at the crossroads. -1994
From traditional Indian philanthropy to the gates-buffet model-a natural progression or a paradigm shift? -2010
New cults and godmen: a threat to traditional religion -1996

Media, TV & Cinema

Biased media is a real threat to Indian democracy. -2019
Responsibility of media in a democracy. -2002
Role of media in good governance -2008
Does Indian cinema shape our popular culture or merely reflect it? -2011
How has satellite television brought about cultural change in Indian mindsets? -2007
Is sting operation an invasion on privacy? -2014
Mass media and cultural invasion. -1999
The misinterpretation and misuse of freedom in India. -1998

Sectors of Economy

Farming has lost the ability to be a source of subsistence for majority of farmers in India. -2017
BPO boom in India. -2007
Tourism: Can this be the next big thing for India? -2014
Are our traditional handicrafts doomed to a slow death? -2009

Growth vs Development

Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere. -2018
Digital economy: A leveller or a source of economic inequality. -2016
Innovation is the key determinant of economic growth and social welfare. -2016
Near jobless growth in India: An anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms. -2016
Crisis faced in India – moral or economic. -2015
Was it the policy paralysis or the paralysis of implementation which slowed the growth of our country? -2014
GDP (Gross Domestic Product) along with GDH (Gross Domestic Happiness) would be the right indices for judging the wellbeing of a country-2013
Can capitalism bring inclusive growth? -2015
Resource management in the Indian context. -1999
Economic growth without distributive justice is bound to breed violence. -1993

Environment vs Development

Alternative technologies for a climate change resilient India. -2018
Should a moratorium be imposed on all fresh mining in tribal areas of the country? -2010
Urbanisation and its hazards -2008
Protection of ecology and environment is essential for sustained economic development. -2006
Urbanization is a blessing in disguise. -1997
Ecological considerations need not hamper development. -1993
Globalization would finish small-scale industries in India. -2006
Multinational corporations – saviours or saboteurs -1994
Special economic zone: boon or bane -2008
Is the criticism that the ‘Public-Private-Partnership’ (PPP) model for development is more of a bane than a boon in the Indian context, justified? -2012

Values in Education

Destiny of a nation is shaped in its classrooms. -2017
Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make a man more clever devil-2015
Independent thinking should be encouraged right from the childhood. -2007
Are the standardized tests good measure of academic ability or progress? -2014
Irrelevance of the classroom. -2001
Is the growing level of competition good for the youth? -2014
Literacy is growing very fast, but there is no corresponding growth in education. -1996
Is an egalitarian society possible by educating the masses? -2008
What is real education? -2005
“Education for all” campaign in India: myth or reality. -2006
Restructuring of Indian education system. -1995

Higher education

Privatization of higher education in India. -2002
Credit-based higher education system – status, opportunities and challenges -2011

Quote based, Philosophy, Ethics

Character, honesty, ethics.

Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication -2020
Ships don’t sink because of water around them ships sink because of water that gets into them -2020
Life is a long journey between human being and being humane. -2020
Values are not what humanity is, but what humanity ought to be -2019
Best for an individual is not necessarily best for the society -2019
Courage to accept and dedication to improve are two keys to success -2019
Wisdom finds truth -2019
A people that values its privileges above its principles loses both. -2018
Customary morality cannot be a guide to modem life. -2018
Need brings greed, if greed increases it spoils breed. -2016
Character of an institution is reflected in its leader. -2015
With greater power comes greater responsibility. -2014
Words are sharper than the two-edged sword. -2014
Attitude makes, habit makes character and character makes a man. -2007
He would reigns within himself and fold his passions and desires and fears is more than a king. -1993
Mindful manifesto is the catalyst to a tranquil self -2020
‘The past’ is a permanent dimension of human consciousness and values. -2018
A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge. -2018
There is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so. -2003
Disinterested intellectual curiosity is the lifeblood of civilisation. -1995
Joy is the simplest form of gratitude. -2017
Compassion is the basis of all morality of the world -1993
Lending hands to someone is better than giving a dole. -2015
Be the change you want to see in others (Gandhi)-2013

Truth and reality

Reality does not conform to the ideal but confirms it. -2018
Truth is lived, not taught -1996
When money speaks, the truth is silent. -1995
Search for truth can only be a spiritual problem. -2002

Youth, Discipline

Discipline means success, anarchy means ruin -2008
Youth is a blunder, manhood a struggle, old age a regret -1994
If youth knew if age could. -2002
Youth culture today. -1999
Fifty Golds in Olympics: Can this be a reality for India? -2014

Towards excellence

Quick but steady wins the race. -2015
Useless life is an early death. -1994
Our deeds determine us, as much as we determine our deeds. -1995
The paths of glory lead but to the grave. -2002
The pursuit of excellence. -2001

Women empowerment

Greater political power alone will not improve women’s plight. -1997
Women’s reservation bill would usher in empowerment for women in India. -2006
The new emerging women power: the ground realities. -1995
If women ruled the world -2005
The hand that rocks the cradle -2005

Empowerment

Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality -2020
Fulfilment of ‘new woman’ in India is a myth. -2017
If development is not engendered, it is endangered. -2016
Whither women’s emancipation? -2004
Empowerment alone cannot help our women. -2001
Women empowerment: challenges and prospects. -1999
Woman is god’s best creation. -1998
Men have failed: let women take over. -1993
Managing work and home – is the Indian working woman getting a fair deal? -2012

International issues, Internal Security

Globalization.

South Asian societies are woven not around the state, but around their plural cultures and plural identities. -2019
Geography may remain the same; history need not. -2010
Modernisation and westernisation are not identical concepts. -1994
‘globalization’ vs. ‘nationalism’ -2009
National identity and patriotism -2008
Globalization and its impact on Indian culture. -2004
The masks of new imperialism. -2003
As civilization advances culture declines. -2003
The implications of globalization for India. -2000
My vision of ideal world order. -2001
India’s contribution to world wisdom. -1998
The world of the twenty-first century. -1998
Preparedness of our society for India’s global leadership role. -2010

International Org./ Bilateral

Has the Non-Alignment Movement (NAM) lost its relevance in a multipolar world? -2017
Restructuring of UNO reflect present realities -1996
The global order: political and economic -1993
India’s role in promoting ASEAN co-operation. -2004
Importance of Indo-US nuclear agreement -2006
Management of Indian border disputes is a complex task. -2018
In the Indian context, both human intelligence and technical intelligence are crucial in combating terrorism -2011
Are we a ‘soft’ state? -2009
Good fences make good neighbours -2009
Is autonomy the best answer to combat balkanization? -2007
Terrorism and world peace -2005
True religion cannot be misused. -1997

Topic Wise UPSC Mains Questions

By vajiram & ravi.

UPSC Mains Test Series

Essay Course for UPSC

Mains Optional Courses

StepUp Mentorship Programme for UPSC

This compilation serves as a valuable resource for aspirants aiming to conquer the formidable UPSC Mains examination, offering a structured and focused approach to their preparation. Below here is a comprehensive breakdown of UPSC Mains previous year questions meticulously organized by their respective topics.

Topic Wise UPSC Mains Questions PDF

Candidates preparing for the CSE Mains examination extensively study these topic-wise UPSC Mains questions to gain a deeper insight into the subject matter and develop a structured approach to answer them effectively within the allotted time frame. Download the GS papers 1 to 4 questions PDF segregated into topics and subtopics from the links below.

Topic Wise GS I Questions PDF
Topic Wise GS II Questions PDF
Topic Wise GS III Questions PDF
Topic Wise GS IV Questions PDF

Modern History

Question 1: What was the difference between Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore in their approach towards education and nationalism ? (10M)

Question 2: How did the colonial rule affect the tribals in India and what was the tribal response to the colonial oppression ? (15M)

Question 3: Why did the armies of the British East India Company – mostly comprising of Indian soldiers – win consistently against the more numerous and better-equipped armies of the Indian rulers? Give reasons. (10M)

Question 4: Why was there a sudden spurt in famines in colonial India since the mid-eighteenth century? Give reasons. (10M)

Question 5: The political and administrative reorganization of states and territories has been a continuous ongoing process since the mid-nineteenth century. Discuss with examples. (15M)

Question 6: Trace the rise and growth of socio-religious reform movements with special reference to Young Bengal and Brahmo Samaj. (10M)

Question 7: Assess the main administrative issues and socio-cultural problems in the integration process of Indian Princely States. (10M)

Question 8: To what extent did the role of the moderates prepare a base for the wider freedom movement? Comment. (15M)

Question 9: Bring out the constructive programmes of Mahatma Gandhi during the Non-Cooperation Movement and Civil Disobedience Movement . (15M)

Question 1: Discuss the consequences of climate change on food security in tropical countries . (10M)

Question 2: Why is the world today confronted with a crisis of availability of and access to freshwater resources ? (10M)

Question 3: How are the fjords formed? Why do they constitute some of the most picturesque areas of the world ? (10M)

Question 4: Why is the South-West monsoon called ‘Purvaiya’ (easterly) in the Bhojpur Region? How has this directional seasonal wind system influenced the cultural ethos of the region? (10M)

Question 5: Comment on the resource potentials of the long coastline of India and highlight the status of natural hazard preparedness in these areas . (15M)

Question 6: Identify and discuss the factors responsible for diversity of natural vegetation in India. Assess the significance of wildlife sanctuaries in rain forests regions of India . (15M)

Question 7: Why did human development fail to keep pace with economic development in India ? (15M)

Question 8: From being net food importer in 1960s, India has emerged as a net food exporter to the world. Provide reasons . (15M)

Question 9: Describe the characteristics and types of primary rocks. (10M)

Question 10: Discuss the meaning of colour-coded weather warnings for cyclone prone areas given by India Meteorological department. (10M)

Question 11: Discuss the natural resource potentials of ‘Deccan trap’. (10M)

Question 12: Examine the potential of wind energy in India and explain the reasons for their limited spatial spread. (10M)

Question 13: Mention the significance of straits and isthmus in international trade. (15M)

Question 14: Troposphere is a very significant atmospheric layer that determines weather processes. How? (15M)

Question 15: What are the forces that influence ocean currents? Describe their role in fishing industry of the world. (15M)

Question 16: Describing the distribution of rubber-producing countries, indicate the major environmental issues faced by them. (15M)

Question 17: Differentiate the causes of landslides in the Himalayan region and Western Ghats. (10M)

Question 18: Despite India being one of the countries of the Gondwanaland, its mining industry contributes much less to its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in percentage. Discuss. (10M)

Question 19: Mention the global occurrence of volcanic eruptions in 2021 and their impact on regional environment. (10M)

Question 20: Why is India considered as a sub-continent? Elaborate your answer. (10M)

Question 21: Briefly mention the alignment of major mountain ranges of the world and explain their impact on local weather conditions, with examples. (15M)

Question 22: How do the melting of the Arctic ice and glaciers of the Antarctic differently affect the weather patterns and human activities on the Earth? Explain. (15M)

Question 23: Discuss the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of mineral oil in the world. (15M)

Question 24: What are the main socio-economic implications arising out of the development of IT industries in major cities of India? (15M)

Art and Culture

Question 1: What are the main features of Vedic society and religion? Do you think some of the features are still prevailing in Indian society ? (15M)

Question 2: What were the major technological changes introduced during the Sultanate period? How did those technological changes influence the Indian society ? (15M)

Question 3: Explain the role of geographical factors towards the development of Ancient India . (10M)

Question 4: How will you explain the medieval Indian temple sculptures represent the social life of those days? (10M)

Question 5: Discuss the main contributions of Gupta period and Chola period to Indian heritage and culture. (15M)

Question 6: Discuss the significance of the lion and bull figures in Indian mythology, art and architecture. (15M)

Question 7: Evaluate the nature of the Bhakti Literature and its contribution to Indian culture. (10M)

Question 1: “Constitutionally guaranteed judicial independence is a prerequisite of democracy”. Comment . (10M)

Question 2: “The states in India seem reluctant to empower urban local bodies both functionally as well as financially.” Comment . (10M)

Question 3: Compare and contrast the British and Indian approaches to Parliamentary sovereignty . (10M)

Question 4: Discuss the role of Presiding Officers of state legislatures in maintaining order and impartiality in conducting legislative work and in facilitating best democratic practices . (10M)

Question 5: ”The Construction of India is a living instrument with capabilities of enormous dynamism. It is a constitution made for a progressive society”. Illustrate with special reference to the expanding horizons of the right to life and personal liberty. (15M)

Question 6: Account for the legal and political factors responsible for the reduced frequency of using Article 356 by the Union Governments since mid-1990s . (15M)

Question 7: Explain the significance of the 101st Constitutional Amendment Act. To what extent does it reflect the accommodative spirit of federalism ? (15M)

Question 8: Explain the structure of the Parliamentary Committee system. How far have the financial committees helped in the institutionalization of Indian Parliament ? (15M)

Question 9: Critically examine the procedures through which the Presidents of India and France are elected. (15M)

Question 10: “The most significant achievement of modern law in India is the constitutionalization of environmental problems by the Supreme Court.” Discuss this statement with the help of relevant case laws. (10M)

Question 11: “Right of movement and residence throughout the territory of India are freely available to the Indian citizens, but these rights are not absolute. “ Comment. (10M)

Question 12: Discuss the role of the Vice-Presidents of India as the chairman of the Rajyasabha. (10M)

Question 13: Discuss the procedures to decide the disputes arising out of the election of a Member of the Parliament or State Legislature under The Representation of the People Act, 1951. What are the grounds on which the election of any returned candidate may be declared void? What remedy is available to the aggrieved party against the decision? Refer to the case laws. (15M)

Question 14: Discuss the essential conditions for exercise of the legislative powers by the Governor. Discuss the legality of the re-promulgation of ordinances by the Governor without placing them before the Legislature. (15M)

Question 15: While the national political parties in India favour centralisation, the regional parties are in favour of State autonomy.” Comment. (15M)

Question 16: Discuss the role of the Election Commission of India in the light of the evolution of the Model Code of Conduct. (15M)

Question 17: ‘Constitutional Morality’ is rooted in the Constitution itself and is founded on its essential facets. Explain the doctrine of ‘Constitutional Morality’ with the help of relevant judicial decisions. (10M)

Question 18: How have the recommendations of the 14th Finance Commission of India enabled the states to improve their fiscal position? (10M)

Question 19: To what extent, in your view, the Parliament is able to ensure accountability of the executive in India? (10M)

Question 20: The jurisdiction of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) regarding lodging an FIR and conducting probe within a particular state is being questioned by various States. However, the power of States to withhold consent to the CBI is not absolute. Explain with special reference to the federal character of India. (15M)

Question 21: Though the Human Rights Commissions have contributed immensely to the protection of human rights in India, yet they have failed to assert themselves against the mighty and powerful. Analyzing their structural and practical limitations, suggest remedial measures. (15M)

Question 22: Explain the constitutional provisions under which Legislative Councils are established. Review the working and current status of Legislative Councils with suitable illustrations. (15M)

Question 23: Do Department-related Parliamentary Standing Committees keep the administration on its toes and inspire reverence for parliamentary control? Evaluate the working of such committees with suitable examples. (15M)

Question 24: Analyze the distinguishing features of the notion of Equality in the Constitutions of the USA and India. (15M)

Question 1: The crucial aspect of the development process has been the inadequate attention paid to Human Resource Development in India. Suggest measures that can address this adequacy . (10M)

Question 2: Discuss the role of the Competition Commission of India in containing the abuse of dominant position by the Multi-National Corporations in India. Refer to the recent decisions.

e-governance, as a critical tool of governance, has ushered in effectiveness, transparency and accountability in governments. What inadequacies hamper the enhancement of these features ? (10M)

Question 3: Discuss the contribution of civil society groups for women’s effective and meaningful participation and representation in state legislatures in India . (15M)

Question 4: “Development and welfare schemes for the vulnerable, by its nature, are discriminatory in approach.” Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer . (15M)

Question 5: Skill development programs have succeeded in increasing human resources supply to various sectors. In the context of the statement, analyze the linkages between education, skill and employment . (15M)

Question 6: To what extent, in your opinion, as the decentralisation of power in India changed the governance landscape at the grassroots? (10M)

Question 7: The Gati-Shakti Yojana needs meticulous coordination between the government and the private sector to achieve the goal of connectivity. Discuss. (10M)

Question 8: Reforming the government delivery system through the Direct Benefit Transfer Scheme is a progressive step, but it has its limitations too. Comment. (10M)

Question 9: Besides the welfare schemes, India needs deft management of inflation and unemployment to serve the poor and the underprivileged sections of society. Discuss. (15M)

Question 10: Do you agree with the view that increasing dependence on donor agencies for development reduces the importance of community participation in the development process? Justify your answer. (15M)

Question 11: “Besides being a moral imperative of Welfare State, primary health structure is a necessary pre-condition for sustainable development.” Analyze. (10M)

Question 12: "Earn while you learn’ scheme needs to be strengthened to make vocational education and skill training meaningful.” Comment. (10M)

Question 13: “Pressure groups play a vital role in influencing public policy making in India.” Explain how the business associations contribute to public policies. (10M)

Question 14: Has digital illiteracy, particularly in rural areas, couple with lack of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) accessibility hindered socio-economic development? Examine with justification. (15M)

Question 15: Can Civil Society and Non-Governmental Organizations present an alternative model of public service delivery to benefit the common citizen? Discuss the challenges of this alternative model. (15M)

International Relations

Question 1: Indian diaspora has scaled new heights in the West. Describe its economic and political benefits for India . (10M)

Question 2: ‘The expansion and strengthening of NATO and a stronger US-Europe strategic partnership works well in India.’ What is your opinion about this statement? Give reasons and examples to support your answer . (15M)

Question 3: ‘Sea is an important Component of the Cosmos’. Discuss in the light of the above statement the role of the IMO (International Maritime Organisation) in protecting environment and enhancing maritime safety and security . (15M)

Question 4: ‘Virus of Conflict is affecting the functioning of the SCO’. In the light of the above statement point out the role of India in mitigating problems . (10M)

Question 5: India is an age-old friend of Sri Lanka.’ Discuss India’s role in the recent crisis in Sri Lanka in light of the preceding statement. (10M)

Question 6: Do you think that BIMSTEC is a parallel organisation like the SAARC? What are the similarities and dissimilarities between the two? How are Indian foreign policy objectives realized by forming this new organisation? (10M)

Question 7: How will 12U2 (India, Israel, UAE and USA) grouping transform India’s position in global politics? (15M)

Question 8: Clean energy is the order of the day.’ Describe briefly India’s changing policy towards climate change in various international fora in the context of geopolitics. (15M)

Question 9: “If the last few decades were of Asia’s growth story, the next few are expected to be of Africa’s.” In the light of this statement, examine India’s influence in Africa in recent years. (10M)

Question 10: “The USA is facing an existential threat in the form of a China, that is much more challenging than the erstwhile Soviet Union.” Explain (10M)

Question 11: Critically examine the aims and objectives of SCO . what importance does it hold for India? (15M)

Question 12: The newly tri-nation partnership AUKUS is aimed at countering China’s ambitions in the Indo-Pacific region. Is it going to supersede the existing partnerships in the region? Discuss the strength and impact of AUKUS in the present scenario. (15M)

Social Justice

Question 1: Explain the constitutional perspectives of Gender Justice with the help of relevant Constitutional Provisions and case laws . (15M)

Question 2: Who are entitled to receive free legal aid? Assess the role of the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) in rendering free legal aid in India . (10M)

Question 3: Discuss the role of the National Commission for Backward Classes in the wake of its transformation from a statutory body to a constitutional body. (10M)

Question 4: The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 remains only a legal document without intense sensitisation of government functionaries and citizens regarding disability. Comment. (10M)

Question 5: The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 remains inadequate in promoting incentive-based system for children’s education without generating awareness about the importance of schooling. Analyse (15M)

Question 6: Can the vicious cycle of gender inequality, poverty and malnutrition be broken through microfinancing of women SHGs? Explain with examples. (10M)

Question 7: “Though women in post-Independent India have excelled in various fields, the social attitude towards women and the feminist movement has been patriarchal.” Apart from women education and women empowerment schemes, what interventions can help change this milieu? (15M)

Question 8: Discuss the desirability of greater representation to women in the higher judiciary to ensure diversity, equity and inclusiveness. (10M)

Indian Society

Question 1: Do you think marriage as a sacrament is losing its value in Modern India ? (10M)

Question 2: Explain why suicide among young women is increasing in Indian Society . (10M)

Question 3: Child cuddling is now being replaced by mobile phones. Discuss its impact on the socialization of children . (10M)

Question 4: Does urbanization lead to more segregation and/or marginalization of the poor in Indian metropolises ? (15M)

Question 5: Why is caste identity in India both fluid and static ? (15M)

Question 6: Discuss the impact of post-liberal economy on ethnic identity and communalism . (15M)

Question 7: Explore and evaluate the impact of ‘Work From Home’ on family relationships. (10M)

Question 8: How is the growth of Tier 2 cities related to the rise of a new middle class with an emphasis on the culture of consumption? (10M)

Question 9: Given the diversities among the tribal communities in India, in which specific contexts should they be considered as a single category? (10M)

Question 10: Analyze the salience of ‘sect’ in Indian society vis-a-vis caste, region and religion. (15M)

Question 11: Are tolerance, assimilation and pluralism the key elements in the making of an Indian form of secularism ? Justify your answer. (15M)

Question 12: Elucidate the relationship between globalization and new technology in a world of scarce resources, with special reference to India. (15M)

World History

Question 1: Bring out the socio-economic effects of the introduction of railways in different countries of the world . (10M)

Question 2: “There arose a serious challenge to the Democratic State System between the two World Wars.” Evaluate the statement. (15M)

Question 1: Faster economic growth requires increased share of the manufacturing sector in GDP, particularly of MSMEs. Comment on the present policies of the Government in this regard . (10M)

Question 2: What is the status of digitalization in the Indian economy? Examine the problems faced in this regard and suggest improvements . (10M)

Question 3: How does e-Technology help farmers in production and marketing of agricultural produce? Explain it . (10M)

Question 4: State the objectives and measures of land reforms in India. Discuss how land ceiling policy on landholding can be considered as an effective reform under economic criteria . (10M)

Question 5: Most of the unemployment in India is structural in nature. Examine the methodology adopted to compute unemployment in the country and suggest improvements . (15M)

Question 6: Distinguish between ‘care economy’ and ‘monetized economy’. How can care economy be brought into monetized economy through women empowerment ? (15M)

Question 7: Explain the changes in cropping pattern in India in the context of changes in consumption pattern and marketing conditions . (15M)

Question 8: What are the direct and indirect subsidies provided to farm sector in India? Discuss the issues raised by the World Trade Organization(WTP) in relation to agricultural subsidies . (15M)

Question 9: Comment on the National Wetland Conservation Programme initiated by the Government of India and name a few India’s wetlands of international importance included in the Ramsar Sites . (15M)

Question 10: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) has predicted a global sea level rise of about one metre by AD 2100. What would be its impact in India and the other countries in the Indian Ocean region ? (15M)

Question 11: Why is Public Private Partnership (PPP) required in infrastructural projects? Examine the role of PPP model in the redevelopment of Railway Stations in India. (10M)

Question 12: Is inclusive growth possible under market economy? State the significance of financial inclusion in achieving economic growth in India. (10M)

Question 13: What are the major challenges of Public Distribution System (PDS) in India? How can it be made effective and transparent? (10M)

Question 14: Elaborate the scope and significance of the food processing industry in India. (10M)

Question 15: Economic growth in the recent past has been led by increase in labour activity.” Explain this statement. Suggest the growth pattern that will lead to creation of more jobs without compromising labour productivity. (15M)

Question 16: What are the main bottlenecks in upstream and downstream process of marketing of agricultural products in India? (15M)

Question 17: What is Integrated Farming System? How is it helpful to small and marginal farmers in India? (15M)

Question 18: Explain the difference between computing methodology of India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) before the year 2015 and after the year 2015. (10M)

Question 19: Distinguish between Capital Budget and Revenue Budget. Explain the components of both these Budgets. (10M)

Question 20: How did land reforms in some parts of the country help to improve the socio-economic conditions of marginal and small farmers? (10M)

Question 21: How and to what extent would micro-irrigation help in solving India’s water crisis? (10M)

Question 22: Do you agree that the Indian economy has recently experienced V- shapes recovery? Give reasons in support of your answer. (15M)

Question 23: “Investment in infrastructure is essential for more rapid and inclusive economic growth. ”Discuss in the light of India’s experience. (15M)

Question 24: What are the salient features of the National Food Security Act, 2013? How has the Food Security Bill helped in eliminating hunger and malnutrition in India? (15M)

Question 25: What are the present challenges before crop diversification? How do emerging technologies provide an opportunity for crop diversification? (15M)

Science & Technology

Question 1: Introduce the concept of Artificial Intelligence (AI). How does AI help clinical diagnosis? Do you perceive any threat to privacy of the individual in the use of AI in the healthcare ? (10M)

Question 2: Discuss several ways in which microorganisms can help in meeting the current fuel shortage (10M)

Question 3: What is the main task of India’s third mood mission which could not be achieved in its earlier mission? List the countries that have achieved this task. Introduce the subsystems in the spacecraft launched and explain the role of the ‘Virtual Launch Control Centre’ at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre which contributed to the successful launch from Sriharikota . (15M)

Question 4: The increase in life expectancy in the country has led to newer health challenges in the community. What are those challenges and what steps need to be taken to meet them? (10M)

Question 5: Each year a large amount of plant material, cellulose, is deposited on the surface of Planet Earth. What are the natural processes this cellulose undergoes before yielding carbon dioxide, water and other end products? (10M)

Question 6: Launched on 25th December 2021, James Webb Space Telescope has been much in the news since then. What are its unique features which make it superior to its predecessor Space Telescopes? What are the key goals of this mission? What potential benefits does it hold for the human race? (15M)

Question 7: What is the basic principle behind vaccine development? How do vaccines work? What approaches were adopted by the Indian vaccine manufacturers to produce COVID-19 vaccines? (15M)

Question 8: How is S-400 air defence system technically superior to any other system presently available in the world? (10M)

Question 9: What are the research and developmental achievements in applied biotechnology/? How will these achievements help to uplift the poorer sections of the society? (15M)

Question 10: The Nobel Prize in Physics of 2014 was jointly awarded to Akasaki, Amano and Nakamura for the invention of Blue LEDs in 1990s. How has this invention impacted the everyday life of human beings? (15M)

Question 1: Winning of ‘Hearts and Minds’ in terrorism affected areas is an essential step in restoring the trust of the population. Discuss the measures adopted by the Government in this respect as part of the conflict resolution in Jammu and Kashmir . (10M)

Question 2: The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) by our adversaries across the borders to ferry arms/ammunitions, drugs, etc., is a serious threat to internal security. Comment on the measures being taken to tackle this threat . (10M)

Question 3: What are the internal security challenges being faced by India? Give out the role of Central Intelligence and Investigative Agencies tasked to counter such threats . (15M)

Question 4: Give out the major sources of terror funding in India and efforts being made to curtail these sources. In light of this, also discuss the aim and objective of the ‘ No Money for Terror [NMFT]’ Conference recently held at New Delhi in November 2022 . (15M)

Question 5: Discuss the types of organised crimes. Describe the linkages between terrorists and organised crime that exist at the national and transnational levels. (10M)

Question 6: What are the maritime security challenges in India? Discuss the organisational, technical and procedural initiatives taken to improve the maritime security. (10M)

Question 7: What are the different elements of cyber security? Keeping in view the challenges in cyber security, examine the extent to which India has successfully developed a comprehensive National Cyber Security Strategy. (15M)

Question 8: Naxalism is a social, economic and developmental issue manifesting as a violent internal security threat. In this context, discuss the emerging issues gest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of Naxalism. (15M)

Question 9: Discuss how emerging technologies and globalisation contribute to money laundering. Elaborate measures to tackle the problem of money laundering both at national and international levels. (10M)

Question 10: Keeping in view India’s internal security, analyse the impact of cross-border cyber attacks. Also, discuss defensive measures against these sophisticated attacks. (10M)

Question 11: Analyse the multidimensıonal challenges posed by external state and non-state actors, to the internal security of India. Also, discuss measures required to be taken to combat these threats. (15M)

Question 12: Analyse the complexity and intensity of terrorism, its causes, linkages and obnoxious nexus. Also suggests measures required to be taken to eradicate the menace of terrorism. (15M)

Environment

Question 1: What is oil pollution? What are its impacts on the marine ecosystem? In what way is oil pollution particularly harmful for a country like India ? (10M)

Question 2: The adoption of electric vehicles is rapidly growing worldwide. How do electric vehicles contribute to reducing carbon emissions and what are the key benefits they offer compared to traditional combustion engine vehicles ? (15M)

Question 1: Discuss in detail the photochemical smog emphasizing its formation, effects and mitigation. Explain the 1999 Gothenburg Protocol. (10M)

Question 2: Explain the mechanism and occurrence of cloudburst in the context of the Indian subcontinent. Discuss two recent examples. (10M)

Question 3: Do you think India will meet 50 percent of its energy needs from renewable energy by 2030? Justify your answer. How will the shift of subsidies from fossil fuels to renewables help achieve the above objective? Explain. (15M)

Question 4: Discuss global warming and mention its effects on the global climate. Explain the control measures to bring down the level of greenhouse gases which cause global warming, in the light of the Kyoto Protocol, 1997. (15M)

Question 1: Explain the purpose of the Green Grid Initiative launched at the World Leaders Summit of the COP26 UN Climate Change Conference in Glasgow in November 2021. When was this idea first floated in the International Solar Alliance (ISA)? (10M)

Question 2: Describe the key points of the revised Global Air Quality Guidelines (AQGs) recently released by the World Health Organisation (WHO). How are these different from its last update in 2005? What changes in India’s National Clean Air Programme are required to achieve these revised standards? (10M)

Question 3: Describe the major outcomes of the 26th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). What are the commitments made by India in this conference? (15M)

Disaster and Disaster Management

Question 1: Dam failures are always catastrophic, especially on the downstream side, resulting in a colossal loss of life and property. Analyze the various causes of dam failures. Give two examples of large dam failures . (10M)

Question 1: Explain the causes and effects of coastal erosion in India. What are the available coastal management techniques for combating the hazard? (15M)

Question 1: Discuss about the vulnerability of India to earthquake related hazards. Give examples including the salient features of major disasters caused by earthquakes in different parts of India during the last three decades. (10M)

Question 2: Describe the various causes and the effects of landslides. Mention the important components of the National Landslide Risk Management Strategy. (15M)

Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude

Question 1:

(a) What do you understand by ‘moral integrity’ and ‘professional efficiency in the context of corporate governance in India? Illustrate with suitable examples . (10M)

(b) ‘International aid’ is an accepted form of helping ‘resource-challenged’ nations. Comment on ‘ethics in contemporary international aid’. Support your answer with suitable examples. " (10M)

Question 2: (a) “Corruption is the manifestation of the failure of core values in the society.” In your opinion, what measures can be adopted to uplift the core values in the society ? (10M)

(b) In the context of work environment, differentiate between ‘coercion’ and ‘undue influence’ with suitable examples. " (10M)

Question 3: "Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?

(a) “The simplest acts of kindness are by far more powerful than a thousand heads bowing in prayer.” – Mahatma Gandhi (10M)
(b) “To awaken the people, it is the women who must be awakened. Ones she is on the move, the family moves, the village moves, the nation moves.” – Jawaharlal Nehru (10M)
(c) Do not hate anybody, because that hatred that comes out from you must, in the long run, come back to you. If you love, that love will come back to you, completing the circle. ” – Swami Vivekanand." (10M)

Question 4: (a) What really matters for success, character, happiness and lifelong achievements is a definite set of emotional skills – your EQ- not just purely cognitive abilities that are measured by conventional IQ tests.” Do you agree with this view? Give reasons in support of your answer. (10M)

(b) Differentiate ‘moral intuition from ‘moral reasoning’ with suitable examples . (10M)

Question 5: (a) Is conscience a more reliable guide when compared to laws, rules and regulations in the context of ethical decision-making? Discuss . (10M)

(b) ‘Probity is essential for an effective system of governance and socio-economic development.’ Discuss. (10M)

Question 6: (a) What were the major teachings of Guru Nanak? Explain their relevance in the contemporary world . (10M)

(b) Explain the term social capital. How does it enhance good governance ? (10M)

Question 1: "(a) Wisdom lies in knowing what to reckon with and what to overlook. An officer being engrossed with the periphery, ignoring the core issues before him, is no rare in the bureaucracy. Do you agree that such preoccupation of an administrator leads to travesty of justice to the cause of effective service delivery and good governance? Critically evaluate. (10M)

(b) Apart from intellectual competency and moral qualities, empathy and compassion are some of the other vital attributes that facilitate the civil servants to be more competent in tackling the crucial issues or taking critical decisions. Explain with suitable illustrations." (10M)

Question 2: "(a) The Rules and Regulations provided to all the civil servants are same, yet there is difference in the performance. Positive minded officers are able to interpret the Rules and Regulations in favour of the case and achieve success, whereas negative minded officers are unable to achieve goals by interpreting the same Rules and Regulations against the case. Discuss with illustrations. (10M)

(b) It is believed that adherence to ethics in human actions would ensure in smooth functioning of an organization/system. If so, what does ethics seek to promote in human life? How do ethical values assist in the resolution of conflicts faced by him in his day-to-day functioning?" (10M)

Question 3: (a) Ethics is knowing the difference between what you have the right to do and what is right to do.’-Potter Stewart . (10M)

(b) “If a country is to be corruption free and become a nation of beautiful minds, I strongly feel there are three key societal members who can make a difference. They are the father, the mother and the teacher.” – Abdul Kalam. (10M)

Question 4: "(a) What do you understand by term ‘good governance’? How far recent initiatives in terms of e-Governance steps taken by the State have helped the beneficiaries? Discuss with suitable examples. (10M)

(b)Online methodology is being used for day-to-day meetings, institutional approvals in the administration and for teaching and learning in education sector to the extent telemedicine in the health sector is getting popular with the approvals of the competent authority. No doubt it has advantages and disadvantages for both the beneficiaries and system at large. Describe and discuss the ethical issues involved in the use of online method particularly to vulnerable section of society." (10M)

Question 5: "(a) Russia and Ukraine war has been going on for the last seven months. Different countries have taken independent stands and actions keeping in view their own national interests. We are all aware that war has its own impact on the different aspects of society, including human tragedy. What are those ethical issues that are crucial to be considered while launching the war and its continuation so far? Illustrate with justification the ethical issues involved in the given state of affair. (10M)

(b) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each : (10M)

(i) Constitutional morality

(ii) Conflict of interest

(iii) Probity in public life

(iv) Challenges of digitalization

(v) Devotion to duty"

Question 6: "(a) Whistle blower, who reports corruption and illegal activities, wrongdoing and misconduct to the concerned authorities, runs the risk of being exposed to grave danger, physical harm and victimization by the vested interests, accused persons and his team. What policy measures would you suggest to strengthen protection mechanism to safeguard the whistle blower? (10M)

(b) In contemporary world, corporate sector’s contribution in generating wealth and employment is increasing. In doing so, they are bringing in unprecedented onslaught on the climate, environmental sustainability and living conditions of human beings. In this background, do you Responsibility (CSR) is efficient and sufficient enough to fulfill the social roles and responsibilities needed in the corporate work mandated? Critically examine." (10M)

Question 1: "(a) Identify five ethical traits on which one can plot the performance of a civil servant. Justify their inclusion in the matrix. (10M)

(b) Identify ten essential values that are needed to be an effective public servant. Describ the /ways and means to prevent non-ethical behaviour in the pubic servants." (10M)

Question 2: "(a) Impact of digital technology as reliable source of input for rational decision-making is debatable issue. Critically evaluate with suitable example. (10M)

(b) Besides domain knowledge, a public official needs innovativeness and creativity of a high order as well, while resolving ethical dilemmas. Discuss with suitable example." (10M)

Question 3: "What does each of the following quotations mean to you?

(a) “Every work has got to pass through hundreds of difficulties before succeeding. Those that persevere will see the light, sooner or later. - Swami Vivekananda (10M)

(b) “We can never obtain peace in the outer world until and unless we obtain peace within ourselves.” – Dalai Lama (10M)

(c) Life doesn’t make any sense without interdependence. We need each other, and the sooner we learn that, it is better for us all.” -Erik Erikson word" (10M)

Question 4: (a) Attitude is an important component that goes as input in the elopement of human. How to build a suitable attitude needed for a public servant? (10M)

(b) In case of crisis of conscience does emotional intelligence help to overcome the same without compromising the ethical or moral stand that you are likely to follow? Critically examine." (10M)

Question 5: "(a) “Refugees should not be turned back to the country where they would face persecution or human right violation.” Examine the statement with reference to ethical dimension being violated by the nation claiming to be democratic with open society. (10M)

(b) Should impartial and being non-partisan be considered as indispensable qualities to make a successful civil servant? Discuss with illustrations." (10M)

Question 6: "(a) An independent and empowered social audit mechanism is an absolute must in every sphere of public service, including judiciary, to ensure performance, accountability and ethical conduct. Elaborate. (10M)

(b) “Integrity is a value that empowers the human being.” Justify with suitable illustration." (10M)

Note: Case Studies questions can be downloaded from the above GS 4 PYQs PDF.

How to make topic wise notes for UPSC Mains?

To create effective topic-wise notes for UPSC Mains , start by thoroughly understanding the exam syllabus. Choose reliable sources like standard books and government reports for each subject. Break down subjects into manageable subtopics and summarize key points using bullet points and visual aids. Connect concepts across subjects for a holistic understanding. Lastly, revise and update your notes regularly for better retention and comprehension.

Does UPSC repeat questions in Mains?

Yes, UPSC does repeat questions in mains, especially in subjects like History, Geography, Polity, and Environment. Analyzing previous year papers can provide valuable insights into recurring themes and topics.

Which is the toughest subject in UPSC Mains?

The perception of the toughest subject varies from candidate to candidate based on their background and interests. However, subjects like General Studies Paper III (which includes Economics, Environment, Science and Tech) and Optional subjects like Mathematics or Philosophy are often considered challenging due to their technical nature and depth of content.

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1 . Question

Cosmic background radiation is a critical piece of evidence supporting the Big Bang Theory. Which of the following best explains the significance of cosmic background radiation in understanding the Big Bang Theory?

a) It represents the heat left over from the initial explosion, supporting the theory that the universe began from a highly compressed and hot state.
b) It is the radiation emitted by early stars, showing the universe was densely populated with stars at the time of its formation.
c) It indicates that the universe is still undergoing rapid expansion, consistent with the Big Bang Theory's prediction of continuous expansion.
d) It is caused by cosmic events like supernovae, indicating high-energy events in the early stages of the universe.

Explanation:

Cosmic background radiation, also known as cosmic microwave background (CMB), is a key piece of evidence for the Big Bang Theory. It is believed to be the thermal radiation left over from the initial explosion of the Big Bang, representing a “snapshot” of the early universe when it became cool enough for atoms to form and light to travel freely.
Option a correctly explains the significance of CMB, indicating it is the residual heat from the Big Bang, suggesting that the universe started from a highly compressed and hot state.
Option b is incorrect because CMB isn’t radiation from early stars; it comes from a time before stars and galaxies formed.
Option c misinterprets CMB’s indication of continuous expansion. Although the universe is expanding, CMB is evidence of the universe’s early state, not its current expansion.
Option d is incorrect because cosmic background radiation is not related to supernovae or other cosmic events but rather to the conditions shortly after the Big Bang.
Hence, option (a) is correct.

2 . Question

Dark matter is a crucial component in the formation of galaxies. What is the role of dark matter in galaxy formation?

a) It provides the gravitational pull necessary to hold galaxies together, despite being invisible and undetectable by conventional means.
b) It is responsible for the formation of stars within galaxies by acting as a catalyst for gas clouds to coalesce.
c) It causes the observable redshift in distant galaxies, indicating the presence of unseen cosmic structures.
d) It forms a visible halo around galaxies, allowing astronomers to measure the mass of galaxies through gravitational lensing.
Dark matter is a mysterious form of matter that does not emit, absorb, or reflect light, making it invisible to telescopes and other instruments that detect electromagnetic radiation. Despite its invisibility, dark matter plays a crucial role in galaxy formation and dynamics.
Option a is correct because dark matter’s primary role in galaxy formation is to provide the gravitational pull necessary to hold galaxies together. It creates the unseen mass that stabilizes galaxies and clusters, keeping them from dispersing due to their rotational speed.
Option b is incorrect because dark matter is not known to act as a catalyst for star formation. Star formation typically involves gas clouds coalescing due to ordinary matter dynamics and gravitational forces.
Option c is incorrect because redshift in distant galaxies is primarily a consequence of the expanding universe, rather than directly caused by dark matter. Redshift indicates that distant galaxies are moving away from us due to the expansion of space.
Option d is incorrect because, while dark matter is believed to form a halo around galaxies, it is not visible. Its presence is inferred through gravitational lensing and other indirect methods, but it doesn’t form a visible structure that can be directly observed.

3 . Question

In the context of the nebular hypothesis, which of the following sequences correctly represents the stages from star formation to planet formation?

a) Star forms from a nebula → Stellar wind disperses gas and dust → Planetary disk forms → Planetesimals form and grow through accretion → Planets develop
b) Star forms from a nebula → Planetary disk forms around the star → Planetesimals form from dust and gas → Accretion of planetesimals into larger bodies → Stellar wind disperses the remaining gas and dust
c) Star forms from a nebula → Planets form from the core of the nebula → Accretion of planetesimals into larger bodies → Stellar wind disperses gas and dust → Planets are fully developed
d) Star forms from a nebula → Planetesimals develop into stars → Accretion leads to planetary bodies → Stellar wind disperses gas and dust → Planets are fully developed
The correct sequence that represents the steps from star formation to planet formation in the context of the nebular hypothesis, which is widely accepted in astronomy for explaining the formation of stars and planetary systems:
Star forms from a nebula : Stars are born from dense clouds of gas and dust, also known as nebulae.
Planetary disk forms around the star : Once a star forms, a disk of gas and dust, known as a protoplanetary disk, typically forms around it.
Planetesimals form from dust and gas : Within the protoplanetary disk, small clumps of matter (planetesimals) start to coalesce.
Accretion of planetesimals into larger bodies : These planetesimals grow larger by colliding and sticking together, forming planet-sized objects.
Stellar wind disperses the remaining gas and dust : As the star becomes more stable, its stellar wind clears out the remaining gas and dust in the protoplanetary disk, leaving behind the newly formed planets.
Hence, option (b) is correct.

4 . Question

Consider the following statements about the evolution of the Earth’s structure:

The Earth’s interior was initially in a volatile state, which caused the separation of materials based on density.
The Earth’s crust formed as the outer surface cooled and solidified over time. During this cooling process, gases and water vapour were released from the Earth’s interior, contributing to the formation of the atmosphere and hydrosphere.
The formation of the Earth’s layered structure was influenced by the differentiation of materials due to temperature changes and gravitational forces.

How many of the above statements are correct?

a) Only one
b) Only two
c) All three
In the early stages of Earth’s formation, the interior was in a volatile state due to high temperatures. The process of differentiation caused the separation of materials based on density, with heavier materials, like iron, sinking towards the centre, while lighter materials moved towards the surface. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
As the outer surface of Earth cooled and solidified, it formed a crust. During this cooling process, gases and water vapor were released from the interior, contributing to the formation of the atmosphere and hydrosphere. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
The Earth’s layered structure, which comprises the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core, formed as a result of the differentiation of materials due to changes in temperature and the influence of gravitational forces. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
Hence, option(c) is correct.

5 . Question

Which of the following gases is NOT a primary component of Earth’s current atmosphere?

a) Nitrogen
c) Hydrogen
Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in Earth’s atmosphere, making up approximately 78% of its composition.
Oxygen comprises about 21% of Earth’s atmosphere, making it the second most abundant component.
Hydrogen is not a significant component of Earth’s current atmosphere. It may have been a part of the early atmosphere, but it is not prevalent in the current one, primarily due to its lightness and ability to escape Earth’s gravitational pull.
Argon, although a minor component , it is still one of the primary constituents of the atmosphere, accounting for about 0.9%.
Hence, option (c) is correct.

6 . Question

What is the difference between the epicenter and the focus of an earthquake?

a) The epicenter is the point within the Earth where energy is released, and the focus is the point on the surface directly above it.
b) The focus is the point within the Earth where energy is released, and the epicenter is the point on the surface directly above it.
c) The epicenter is the point of maximum damage, while the focus is where seismic waves are generated.
d) The epicenter is the point at which seismic waves converge, and the focus is where they originate.
The focus (also called the hypocenter) is the point within the Earth where the energy of an earthquake is released. This is typically located along a fault or at a specific depth within the Earth’s crust or mantle.
The epicenter is the point on the Earth’s surface that is directly above the focus. This point is typically used to determine the location of an earthquake and is often where the most intense shaking is felt due to the proximity to the energy’s origin.

7 . Question

Consider the following statements about blue holes:

They are roughly circular with steep walls.
They are usually warm and have high biodiversity.
They commonly contain anoxic water below a certain depth.
The water inside blue holes is clear due to high transparency and white carbonate sand.

How many of the above are correct?

(a) Only one
(b) Only two
c) Only three
d) All four
Blue holes are often formed by the collapse of underwater caves or sinkholes, creating a circular or oval shape with steep sides. This characteristic shape is one of the defining features of blue holes. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
Blue holes do not typically have high biodiversity because their poor water circulation leads to anoxic (low oxygen) conditions below a certain depth. This anoxic environment is not conducive to supporting a wide range of sea life, though some specialized bacteria can thrive in these conditions. Additionally, blue holes aren’t necessarily warm, as their depth can result in cooler temperatures. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
Due to the lack of significant water circulation, blue holes often experience stratification, where the deeper water becomes anoxic or has low oxygen levels. This is a common characteristic of blue holes and impacts the types of life forms that can survive within them . Hence, statement 3 is correct.
The high transparency of blue holes is due to the clear water and the bright white carbonate sand that often forms the surrounding shallows. This feature contributes to the striking blue colour that makes blue holes visually distinctive. Hence, statement 4 is correct.

8 . Question

Which event triggered the recent Glacial Lake Outburst Flood GLOF) in Sikkim, leading to a breach in the Chungthang Hydro-Dam?

a) An earthquake in the region.
b) A cloudburst
c) A landslide into the Teesta River.
d) An ice avalanche from the South Lhonak glacier.
The event that triggered the recent Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) in Sikkim, leading to a breach in the Chungthang Hydro-Dam, was a cloudburst, which caused the outburst of the South Lhonak glacial lake , resulting in flash floods and cascading effects on downstream infrastructure. This led to the sudden rise in the water level of the Teesta River, eventually breaching the Chungthang Hydro-Dam.

9 . Question

Which of the following statements are true regarding glacial lakes and their formation?

Glacial lakes can form in, beneath, beside, or in front of a glacier as a result of glacier activity or retreat.
They are typically surrounded by drumlins, moraines, and eskers, which are remnants of glacial movement.
The distribution of sediments in glacial lakes is determined by the drainage basin and chemical composition of the water.
They form primarily due to tectonic activity near glaciers.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

a) 1 and 4 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1,2 and 3
d) 1,2,3 and 4
Glacial lakes can form in a variety of locations around glaciers, depending on the specific glacier activity and retreat process. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
Glacial lakes are often found near various glacial landforms such as drumlins, moraines, and eskers, indicating past glacier movement. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
The types and distribution of sediments in glacial lakes can depend on factors like the drainage basin and the chemical composition of the water. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
Glacial lakes primarily form due to glacier activity or retreat, not because of tectonic activity. While tectonic activity can influence landforms, it is not the primary reason for glacial lake formation. Hence, statement 4 is incorrect.

10 . Question

Consider the following countries:

How many of the above share boundary with Azerbaijan?

a) Only three
b) Only four
c) Only five

11 . Question

The Bardoli Resolution in the Indian historical context led to the-

(a) Suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement.
(b) Promulgation of the Non-Cooperation Movement
(c) Formulation of the National Economic Programme.
(d) Declaration of the Poorna Swaraj as an ultimate goal.

Option (a) is correct: In February, 1922 a Congress procession of 3,000 peasants at Chauri Chaura, a village in the Gorakhpur District of U.P., was fired upon by the police.

The angry crowd attacked and burnt the police station causing the death of 22 policemen. Gandhiji took a very serious view of this incident.

It convinced him that the nationalist workers had not yet properly understood the concept of non-violence without which, he was convinced, civil disobedience could not be a success.
He, therefore, decided to suspend the nationalist campaign. The Congress Working Committee met at Bardoli in Gujarat on 12 February and passed a resolution stopping all activities which would lead to breaking of laws.
The Bardoli resolution had a mixed reception among the nationalists while some had implicit faith in Gandhiji, others resented this decision to retreat including Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose.

12 . Question

“These forests are found in the western slope of the Western Ghats, hills of the northeastern region and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. There is no definite time for trees to shed their leaves, flowering and fruition. Species found in these forests include rosewood, mahogony, aini, ebony, etc.”.

The above description refers to:

(a) Swamp forests
(b) Tropical Deciduous forests
(c) Tropical Thorn forests
(d) Tropical Evergreen forests

Solution: D

Tropical Evergreen forests:

These forests are found in the western slope of the Western Ghats, hills of the northeastern region and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
They are found in warm and humid areas with an annual precipitation of over 200 cm and mean annual temperature above 22oC.
Tropical evergreen forests are well stratified, with layers closer to the ground and are covered with shrubs and creepers, with short structured trees followed by tall variety of trees.
In these forests, trees reach great heights up to 60 m or above. There is no definite time for trees to shed their leaves, flowering and fruition. As such these forests appear green all the year round.
Species found in these forests include rosewood, mahogony, aini, ebony, etc.

13 . Question

Consider the following pairs:

River Origin

Mahanadi Odisha
Godavari Madhya Pradesh
Krishna Maharashtra
Kaveri Tamil Nadu

How many pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

(a) Only one pair
(b) Only two pairs
(c) Only three pairs
(d) All four pairs

Solution: A

The Mahanadi rises near Sihawa in Raipur district of Chhattisgarh and runs through Odisha to discharge its water into the Bay of Bengal . It is 851 km long and its catchment area spreads over 1.42 lakh sq. km. Some navigation is carried on in the lower course of this river. Fifty three per cent of the drainage basin of this river lies in Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, while 47 per cent lies in Odisha.

The Godavari is the largest Peninsular river system. It is also called the Dakshin Ganga. It rises in the Nasik district of Maharashtra and discharges its water into the Bay of Bengal. Its tributaries run through the states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh. It is 1,465 km long with a catchment area spreading over 3.13 lakh sq. km 49 per cent of this, lies in Maharashtra, 20 per cent in Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, and the rest in Andhra Pradesh. The Penganga, the Indravati, the Pranhita, and the Manjra are its principal tributaries.

The Krishna is the second largest east flowing Peninsular river which rises near Mahabaleshwar in Sahyadri. Its total length is 1,401 km. The Koyna, the Tungbhadra and the Bhima are its major tributaries . Of the total catchment area of the Krishna, 27 per cent lies in Maharashtra, 44 per cent in Karnataka and 29 per cent in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.

The Kaveri rises in Brahmagiri hills (1,341m) of Kogadu district in Karnataka. Its length is 800 km and it drains an area of 81,155 sq. km. Since the upper catchment area receives rainfall during the southwest monsoon season (summer) and the lower part during the northeast monsoon season (winter), t he river carries water throughout the year with comparatively less fluctuation than the other Peninsular rivers. About 3 per cent of the Kaveri basin falls in Kerala, 41 per cent in Karnataka and 56 per cent in Tamil Nadu. Its important tributaries are the Kabini, the Bhavani and the Amravati.

14 . Question

Consider the following statements

Charter Act of 1833 ended the activities of the East India Company as a commercial body.
Government of India Act, 1919 separated for the first time, provincial budgets from the Central budget

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: C

Both the statements are correct.

Charter Act of 1833 ended the activities of the East India Company as a commercial body , which became a purely administrative body. It provided that the company’s territories in India were held by it ‘in trust for His Majesty, His heirs and successors’.

Government of India Act of 1919

On August 20, 1917, the British Government declared, for the first time, that its objective was the gradual introduction of responsible government in India.

The Government of India Act of 1919 was thus enacted, which came into force in 1921. This Act is also known as Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (Montagu was the Secretary of State for India and Lord Chelmsford was the Viceroy of India).

It introduced, for the first time, bicameralism and direct elections in the country. Thus, the Indian Legislative Council was replaced by a bicameral legislature consisting of an Upper House (Council of State) and a Lower House (Legislative Assembly).

It separated, for the first time, provincial budgets from the Central budget and authorized the provincial legislatures to enact their budgets.

15 . Question

Straits Connects

Malacca strait Java Sea and Indian Ocean
Bab-el-Mandeb Strait Red Sea and Gulf of Aden
Sunda strait Andaman Sea and South China Sea
(c) All three pairs

The Strait of Malacca is a narrow stretch of water between the Malay Peninsula to the northeast and the Indonesian island of Sumatra to the southwest, connecting the Andaman Sea and the South China Sea .

Bab-el-Mandeb Strait – Connects the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, and is l ocated between Yemen on the Arabian Peninsula and Djibouti and Eritrea in the Horn of Africa.

The Sunda Strait is the strait between the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra . It connects the Java Sea with the Indian Ocean .

16 . Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Tigers:

They are solitary animals apart from associations between mother and offspring.
They rely primarily on sight and sound rather than smell for hunting.
Their population has notably declined in Central India and the Shivalik Hills.

How many of the statements given above is/are correct?

Statement 1 is correct: Tigers are mostly solitary, apart from associations between mother and offspring. Individual tigers have a large territory, and the size is determined mostly by the availability of prey. Individuals mark their domain with urine, feces, rakes, scrapes, and vocalizing.

There are two recognized subspecies of tiger: the continental ( Panthera tigris tigris ) and the Sunda ( Panthera tigris sondaica ).

Statement 2 is correct: The largest of all the Asian big cats, tigers rely primarily on sight and sound rather than smell for hunting. They typically hunt alone and stalk prey.

Statement 3 is not correct: Central India and the Shivalik Hills and Gangetic Plains witnessed a notable increases in tiger population, particularly in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Maharashtra.

The tiger abundance within the Tiger Reserve is highest in Corbett (260), followed by Bandipur (150), Nagarhole (141), Bandhavgarh (135), Dudhwa (135), Mudumalai(114), Kanha (105), Kaziranga (104), Sundarbans (100), Tadoba (97), Sathyamangalam (85), and Pench-MP (77).

17 . Question

Consider the following statements:

Necrosis is the premature death of cells caused by an injury.
During necrosis, cells exhibit clumping of the nuclear chromatin.
The process of necrosis occurs more rapidly than the apoptosis.

Statement 1 is correct: Necrosis is the premature death of cells caused by an injury.

Noxious stimuli due to external factors, such as infections, toxins, hypoxia, and extreme environmental conditions lead to irreversible injury of the tissue and cell death by necrosis.

Statement 2 is correct: When cells die by necrosis, they exhibit nuclear chromatin clumping and nonspecific digestion patterns, organelle and cell swelling, plasma membrane disintegration, and other cellular components release.

Statement 3 is correct: The fragments released from necrotic cells are often much larger than apoptotic DNA fragments because, despite necrosis occurs more rapidly than apoptosis, the removal of necrotic cells is slower.

18 . Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Bhojpatra Tree:

It is widely found across the peninsular block in India.
Its young leaves and bracts are covered with short soft hairs.
It maintains the ecosystem by creating bio-shields for the forests.

Statement 1 is not correct : The Himalayan birch popularly known as Bhojpatra in Indian sub-continent, is one of the most important tree species across the high reaches of the Himalaya. It belongs to the family Betulaceae.

In the Indian Himalaya, Betula utilis is considered the dominant birch species, it forms the uppermost part of the natural treeline zone.

Statement 2 is correct : It is a multi-branched tree with usually irregular bole. Its shoot, young leaves and bracts are covered with short soft hairs. It has ovate and irregularly serrate leaves, which are deciduous and are arranged alternately. Its bracts remain broader than the wings of the nut.

Statement 3 is correct : It helps to maintain the fragile ecosystem of the Himalaya by checking soil erosion and creating bio-shield for rest of the forests and sub-alpine meadows immediately below the treeline zone. Beside multiple ecological benefits.

19 . Question

Geographical locations Associated countries

Cocos Islands Australia
Pahang River China
Parkachik Glacier Bhutan
Gissar Range India

How many of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

Pair 1 is correctly matched: Cocos Islands is an external territory of Australia in the eastern Indian Ocean. The islands lie 2,290 miles west of Darwin, Northern Territory, on the northern Australian coast.

Pair 2 is not correctly matched: Pahang River is one of the tropical river streams that can be considered to represent the tropical river generally in Peninsular Malaysia. Pahang River Basin is also the biggest river basin in Peninsular Malaysia.

Pair 3 is not correctly matched: The Parkachik Glacier in Ladakh is likely to have three lakes of different dimensions due to subglacial over-deepening which is a characteristic of basins and valleys eroded by glaciers.

Pair 4 is not correctly matched: Ghissar Range is a mountain range in Central Asia, in the western part of the Pamir-Alai mountain system, in the territories of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, the watershed of the Zeravshan and Amudarya river basins.

20 . Question

Which one of the following organizations publishes the composite Digital Payments Index?

(a) The NITI Aayog
(b) The World Economic Forum
(c) The World Bank Group
(d) The Reserve Bank of India

Option (d) is correct: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has been publishing a composite Reserve Bank of India – Digital Payments Index (RBI-DPI) since January 1, 2021 with March 2018 as base to capture the extent of digitisation of payments across the country.

The index for March 2023 stands at 395.57 as against 377.46 for September 2022, which was announced on January 31, 2023.

The RBI-DPI index has increased across all parameters driven by significant growth in payment infrastructure and payment performance across the country over the period.

21 . Question

The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) is responsible for

Central Finger Print Bureau
Maintaining the statistics of judicial performance
CCTNS (Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems)

Which of the above is/are correct?

a) 1, 2 and 3
c) 1 and 2 only
d) 1 and 3 only

Solution: d)

Justification: It was established based on the recommendations of the Tandon Committee, MHA Taskforce and National Police Commission (1977).

It acts under the Ministry of Home Affairsand functions as a repository of information on crime and criminals so as to assist the investigators in linking crime to the perpetrators.

NCRB looks after CCTNS (Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems) and Central Finger Print Bureau

It released reports: Crimes in India, Prison Statistics in India and Accidental Deaths and Suicides in India.

Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/08/30/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-30-august-2022/

22 . Question

India has formally submitted an updated Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) target to UNFCCC. What is included in the list?

To reduce the emissions intensity of the GDP by 33-35% (from the 2005 level) by 2030
80% of the instaled capacity for electricity to be from non-fossil fuel sources by 2030
An additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent through additional forest and tree cover by the year 2030
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1 and 2 only

Solution: c)

Justification: India’s INDC (to be achieved primarily by 2030):

Original Target: A total of 40% of the installed capacity for electricity will be from non-fossil fuel sources.

New Target: 50% by 2030 (with help from international finance (Global climate fund) and transfer of technology

Original Target: To reduce the emissions intensity of the GDP by 33-35% (from the 2005 level)

New Target: 45% of GDP by 2030

New target added: Propagating a sustainable way of living: mass movement for ‘LIFE- Lifestyle for environment’ using traditions and values of conservation.

India also promised an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent through additional forest and tree cover by the year 2030.

Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/08/29/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-29-august-2022/

23 . Question

The proposed UN High Seas Treaty, recently seen in news, was mandated to deal with which of these issues?

Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction
Mineral exploration within the Exclusive Economic Zones of countries
Marine trade and related economic cooperation

How many of the above is/are correct?

Solution: b)

Justification: Negotiations involving 168 countries, including the European Union, to agree on a UN treaty for protecting oceans had failed recently.

About UN High Seas Treaty

Also referred to as the ‘Paris Agreement for the Ocean’, the treaty to deal with Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction has been under discussion for several years.

The proposed treaty concerns the ocean existing beyond the Exclusive Economic Zones that lie from the coast of a country to about 200 nautical miles or 370 km into the sea, till where it has special rights for exploration. Waters beyond that are known as open seas or high seas.

Background:

The treaty was to be negotiated under the UNCLOS of 1982 which governs the rights of countries regarding marine resources.

Currently, there is no treaty for conserving the health of vast swathes of the earth’s oceans, a UN resolution in 2017 decided to rectify this while setting 2022 as the deadline.

Having no law has resulted in overexploitation of the High seas by countries: using large-scale drilling and trawling operations for catching fish and mining

High Ambition Coalition (consisting of more than 100 countries including India, the US, and the UK), came about (because of delay in the high sea treaty) and put the focus on ‘30×30’ goals – protecting 30% of the ocean by 2030.

24 . Question

That “the Aadhaar number or the authentication thereof shall not, by itself, confer any right of, or be proof of, citizenship or domicile in respect of an Aadhaar number holder” is a provision that is based on

a) executive fiat
b) parliamentary act
c) convention
d) electoral regulation

Justification: Section 9 of the Aadhaar Act, 2016: It states that “the Aadhaar number or the authentication thereof shall not, by itself, confer any right of, or be proof of, citizenship or domicile in respect of an Aadhaar number holder.

The Aadhaar Act regulations state that an individual’s Aadhaar number may be “omitted” permanently or deactivated temporarily by the Unique Identification Authority of India, the agency responsible for issuing the numbers and managing the database.

25 . Question

Consider the following statements.

Forest is under the Concurrent list of the constitution.
States can define land as forests.
An un-demarcated protected forest can be used for non-forest purposes even without the consent of the government, as stated under the Forest Conservation Act 1980 (FCA).
a) 1 and 2 only
c) 1, 2 and 3

Solution: a)

Justification: Recently there was a tussle between MoEFCC and the Chhattisgarh government over the transfer of land from its forest to the Revenue department.

Views and counterview

Centre contention: An un-demarcated protected forest cannot be used for non-forest purposes without its consent under Forest Conservation Act 1980 (FCA)

State’s contention: Transferred land was not a forest land.

Legal provisions:

States can define land (previously not classified under centre or state records) as forests

As per SC (Godavarman case 1996)

Forest is under the Concurrent list

Jurisdiction over forest:

Forest department of state (Reserve Forest (nothing allowed unless specified) and Protected forests (everything allowed unless specified)

Revenue department of state (village and Nagarpallika forests)

Q Source: August current affairs

26 . Question

School safety’ has been defined as the creation of a safe environment for children, starting from their homes to their schools and back. This includes safety from large-scale ‘natural’ hazards of geological/climatic origin, human-made risks, pandemics, violence as well as more frequent and smaller-scale fires, transportation and other related emergencies and threats that can adversely affect the lives of children. The concept of ‘safe school’ has evolved over the last couple of decades as the threat to the physical well-being of children has risen both globally and in India. International attention was drawn to the safety of school children in ‘The Hyogo Framework for Action: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters’, adopted by the United Nations in 2005.

Consider the following statements about school safety:

School safety concerns itself with safety of children inside school premises
School safety as an issue has also been raised at disaster management conferences

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true about school safety?

c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: B.

School safety includes safety also from school to home. Hence I is wrong. School safety has been talked about at Hyogo Conference, hence II is correct. Hence B

27 . Question

Naturally, rising demand increases price. But in the case of food choices, it has a much more detrimental impact than to the health of our bank accounts — it increases biodiversity loss.

The passage focuses on:

a) Impact of rising food demand on natural diversity
b) Food inflation on account of rising demand
c) Food shortage in the world
d) Need for regulating food prices

Solution: A.

Statement B, C and D are wrong as the focus of the passage is on explaining that with an increase in demand of food, price would increase. More food production would consume more resources impacting biodiversity.

28 . Question

Choose the box that is similar to the box formed from the given sheet of paper (A).

A) Option 1,2 and 3
B) Option 1,3 and 4
C) Option 2 and 3
D) Option 2,3 and 4

Answer: B) Option 1,3 and 4

When the sheet in fig. (A) is folded, then one of the faces of the cube formed will be of the form and this face will lie opposite the face bearing a square. Also, one of the blank faces lies opposite another blank face and the third blank face lies opposite the face bearing an ‘=’ sign. Clearly, all the three blank faces cannot appear adjacent to each other. So, the cube shown in fig. (2) which has all the three blank faces adjacent to each other cannot be formed. Hence, only the cubes shown in figures A, C and D can be formed.

29 . Question

A cube is painted blue on two adjacent surfaces and black on the surfaces opposite to blue surfaces and green on the remaining faces .Now the cube is cut into 216 smaller cubes of equal size.

Answer: D) 64

We know that Cubes with no surface painted can be find using (x−2) 3

, where x is number of cuttings. Here x=6.

∴ (6−2) 3 =64

30 . Question

Choose the box that is similar to the box formed from the given sheet of paper (X).

a) 1 and 3 only
b) 1 and 4 only
c) 2 and 4 only
d) 3 and 4 only

Answer: Option A) 1 and 3 only

The fig. (X) is similar to Form II. So, when the sheet shown in fig. (X) is folded to form a cube then the two half-shaded faces lie opposite to each other, the face bearing a circle lies opposite to one of the two blank faces and the two remaining blank faces lie opposite to each other. Therefore, the cubes shown in fig. (4) which has the two half-shaded faces adjacent to each other, cannot be formed by folding the sheet shown in fig. (X). Also, the cube shown in fig. (2) has the face bearing a circle adjacent to two blank faces. This is not possible since there is one blank face opposite to the circle and one blank face opposite to the third blank face. Hence, only the cubes in figures (1) and (3) can be formed.

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UPSC Marks VS Rank, Rank Wise Post and Previous Years List

UPSC CSE is the gateway to prestigious administrative positions in the Indian government. Check Out UPSC Marks VS Rank, Rank Wise Post and Previous Years List

Table of Contents

The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) Civil Services Examination (CSE) is a highly competitive exam that paves the way for aspirants to serve the nation in various administrative roles. One of the crucial aspects of this examination is understanding the correlation between marks obtained and the corresponding rank achieved. In this article, we delve into the insights and strategies based on the analysis of UPSC 2023 Marks vs Rank.

UPSC Marks VS Rank

The UPSC CSE is the gateway to prestigious administrative positions in the Indian government. With the release of the UPSC CSE Result 2023, aspirants gain valuable insights into the correlation between marks obtained and ranks achieved. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of UPSC 2023 Marks vs Rank, shed light on service allocation trends, and offer strategic guidance for aspirants.

UPSC CSE 2024 Marks VS Rank

The UPSC CSE Final Result 2023 PDF unveils the names of successful candidates who cleared all three stages of the examination with commendable marks. However, securing a rank in the top echelons is imperative for aspiring civil servants, as service allocation is contingent upon rank and candidate preferences in the UPSC Detailed Application Form (DAF).

UPSC CSE 2024 Rank Wise Post

Upsc marks vs rank from 2012 to 2024, upsc 2024 marks vs rank for ias.

The UPSC conducts the examination and forwards the names of successful candidates for consideration. The Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT) is tasked with assigning services to candidates based on their rank and preferences. The final rank at which a candidate can secure the IAS is influenced by several factors, including their marks and rank.

The following table presents the category-wise final rank for IAS as per the 2021 service allocation by DoPT:

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UPSC Marks VS Rank FAQs

Who scored the highest marks in upsc.

Anudeep Durishetty achieved the highest marks ever in the UPSC Civil Services Exam, scoring an impressive 1126 out of 2025.

What is the minimum rank for IAS?

Based on the DoPT service allocation data, candidates should target to rank under 80 to become IAS.

How is IAS rank calculated?

The final result is declared by the UPSC on the basis of marks secured in the Mains and Interview round. This final result reveals the IAS rank of the candidates, and as per the cutoff, candidates are allocated to various Civil Services Posts.

Greetings! I'm Piyush, a content writer at StudyIQ. I specialize in creating enlightening content focused on UPSC and State PSC exams. Let's embark on a journey of discovery, where we unravel the intricacies of these exams and transform aspirations into triumphant achievements together!

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UPSC CAPF Syllabus 2024: PDF Download for Important Topics

Upsc capf ac syllabus 2024: the central armed police forces written exam syllabus includes topics from subjects like quantitative aptitude, logical reasoning, indian history, geography, polity, current affairs, etc. check out the detailed syllabus and updated exam pattern..

UPSC CAPF AC Syllabus 2024: The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) releases the official syllabus and exam pattern for the Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF) examination. Candidates must check the latest syllabus to prepare only the topics that are important from the exam point of view. The UPSC CAPF syllabus contains topics from subjects like general ability and intelligence, general studies, essays and comprehension.

UPSC CAPF AC Syllabus 2024

Upsc capf ac syllabus 2024: overview, upsc capf ac syllabus pdf download, upsc capf syllabus: important topics, upsc capf exam pattern 2024.

The UPSC CAPF written exam comprises two papers, i.e., Paper 1 and Paper 2.
Paper 1 contains Objective questions. Questions asked in Paper 2 will be descriptive in nature.
The medium of Paper 1 is English as well as Hindi.
In Paper 2, candidates will be allowed the option of writing the Essay Component in English or Hindi, but the medium of Precis Writing, Comprehension Components, and other communications/ language skills will be English only.
There shall be a negative marking of 1/3rd mark for every incorrect answer in Paper 1, whereas there is no negative marking in Paper 2

How to Cover UPSC CAPF Syllabus 2024?

Check the UPSC CAPF exam syllabus 2024 to cover the topics asked in the exam.
Choose the expert-recommended books and study material to cover the fundamentals and core topics of all the subjects.
Attempt endless questions from mock papers and UPSC CAPF previous year's question papers to review their performance and identify their strengths for better results.
Revisit all the covered chapters frequently to remember concepts for a definite period of time.

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UPSC 2023 topper Aditya Srivastava's mock essay copy goes viral, netizens react

T he UPSC 2023 results were recently announced, with Lucknow's Aditya Srivastava emerging as the IAS topper. As aspirants gear up for UPSC prelims 2024, many are eager to learn from the strategies of Aditya and other toppers. Aditya's essay mock test copy has gone viral, sparking various reactions from netizens. Some are questioning the relevance of the essay in UPSC CSE.

The essay, which begins with a reference to Oppenheimer's idea of the Manhattan Project, discusses the balance between logic and emotion--"A mind all logic is like a knife all blade, it makes the hand bleed that uses it."

However, it has not been confirmed if this essay was written by Aditya Srivastava. It was shared by a UPSC preparation handle on X.

Netizens are giving the viral essay a mixed response. Some like the reference, while some are unhappy with the curation:Â

"Not at all impressed," a user commented.

"Salute to perfection," another user posted on X.

"Kids, the only thing matters is a good handwriting," another comment reads.

"It's a bizarre topic and equally bizarre response. Most unexpected.," another user posted on X.

UPSC 2023 topper Aditya Srivastava's mock essay copy goes viral, netizens react

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UPSC Essay Topic wise Question Papers of last 30 years (1993-2022)
In the UPSC mains examination, essay paper is worth 250 marks and three hours. Here is the topic wise questions from the earlier years for the benefit of civil service IAS IPS aspirants. 1 India: Democracy, administration, Society, culture. 1.1 India Since Independence. 1.2 Federalism, Decentralization.
Last 25 Years Topic-wise Essay Questions From UPSC Mains (1994
In this article, we have listed all the essay topics asked in the UPSC mains exam from 1994 to 2018. We have also classified the last 25 years essay questions into topics to make your preparation easier. Latest - See the UPSC Essay Topics in the IAS Mains 2020 Essay Paper. Download UPSC Mains 2020 Essay Paper from the linked article.
Essay Previous Year Papers
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UPSC Essay Topics
UPSC Essay Topics: Topic wise. ... The Upsc Essay Topics change every year, and aspirants are never sure what they will be. They can be about things like how the economy is doing, how women can be stronger, art and culture, or how the media affects us. Moreover, it's a good idea to look at the essay questions from previous years to get an ...
UPSC Essay Topics
Here are some UPSC Essay Topics on Science and Technology: Deglobalisation is good for the world. Science is organised Knowledge. Wisdom is Organised life. Technology is a Weapon against Poverty. Prioritising Education Technology for Global Growth. Technology is the silent factor in International Relations.
Last 25 Years Topic-wise Essay Questions From UPSC Mains (1994
Last 25 Years Topic-wise Essay Questions From UPSC Mains (1994 - 2018) | Testbook. The Essay paper is a significant part of the UPSC Civil Services mains exam. Qualifying aspirants are required to write two essays from a selection of topics. This paper carries a total of 250 marks and these marks are factored into the Final Merit List.
Topic-Wise Essay Questions from UPSC Mains (1994 -2018)
The paper holds a total of 250 marks, and these marks contribute to the determination of the Final Merit List. This article compiles all the essay topics presented in the UPSC mains exam from 1994 to 2018. Additionally, we have organized the essay questions from the last 25 years into distinct topics to facilitate your preparation.
UPSC Essay Topics
UPSC Essay Topics - UPSC provides UPSC Essay Topics from previous years for candidates to clear Paper 1 of the UPSC IAS mains exam. Check topic-wise IAS essay questions here. ... Topic-Wise UPSC IAS Essay Questions. Every year, the Union Public Service Commission tends to give two or more essays from one of the 9 subjects in the UPSC CSE 2024 ...
Essay Paper UPSC 2023 (Mains) Question Paper and Analysis
UPSC conducted the Civil Service Mains exam for essay paper on 15 September 2023. The CSE mains essay paper comprises two sections. Each section contains 4 essay topics. Out of which 2 topics of choice from each section need to be picked. Candidates were supposed to answer about 1000-1200 words for each essay.
Essay Paper UPSC 2022 (Mains): Question Paper and Analysis
UPSC conducted the Essay Paper, as part of the Civil Services Main Exam 2022 on 16-09-2022. The question paper was not as shocking as last year. There were 8 Essay topics, out of which candidates were asked to write on two topics in 3 hours. Candidates were supposed to answer about 1000 words for each essay (about 10-12 pages).
Essay Paper UPSC 2021 (Mains): Question Paper and Analysis
UPSC conducted the Essay Paper, as part of the Civil Services Main Exam 2021 on 07-01-2022. There were 8 Essay topics, out of which candidates were asked to write on two topics in 3 hours. Candidates were supposed to answer about 1000 words for each essay (about 10-12 pages).
Important UPSC Essay Topics from Previous Years: Download PDF
UPSC essay topics are from various areas: Administration, Democracy/India since Independence, Judiciary, Economics, Federalism, Decentralisation, Indian culture and Society, Environment, Socialisation, and Science & Technology. The essay questions are part of civil services mains exams. Each essay topic must be written within 1000 to 1200 words.
UPSC Essay 2023 Question Paper, Get Yearwise Essay Papers
UPSC Essay 2023 Question Paper Available Here - 15th September '23. UPSC Essay Previous Year Question Papers are added here to help the candidates. UPSC Mains has an individual Paper of Essay, in which candidates will have to write an Essay Paper which will be a subjective type. The marks of this paper will be taken into account for merit.
WEEKLY UPSC IAS ESSAY WRITING CHALLENGE
WEEKLY UPSC IAS ESSAY WRITING CHALLENGES - 2023. December 31, 2023 : The only antidote to mental suffering is physical pain. December 24, 2023 : All Great Changes Are Preceded By Chaos. December 17, 2023 : We are drowning in information, but starved for Knowledge. December 10, 2023 : Violence Is the last resort of the incompetent.
Essay UPSC Topic wise Previous Year Questions (1993-2023)
The importance of practicing Essay Papers from previous year questions (PYQ) topic-wise, with the aim of achieving high marks for a better rank in the UPSC Civil Services Examination, cannot be overstated. The Essay Paper in UPSC CSE Mains carries a weightage of 250 marks. Therefore, the percentage of total marks covered by the Essay Paper is ...
Essay (UPSC Mains)
2021. Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me. Philosophy of wantlessness is Utopian, while materialism is a chimera. The real is rational and the rational is real. Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world. History repeats itself, first as a tragedy, second as a farce.
UPSC Mains: Essay Previous Year Questions
Previous year questions are a great way of understanding trend and expectations of UPSC topics. GS SCORE brings to you detailed analysis and discussion of previous year Essay topics from 2015-2023. It is aimed to help you in writing a well-structured and coherent essay in the examination. ₹ 3500. Course Fee.
UPSC Essay Topics From PYQs (2013-2022)
By analyzing the further given UPSC Essay previous year's question papers, aspirants can understand the nature and scope of the UPSC exam, identify the important topics, and prepare accordingly. UPSC'S Last 10 Years (2013-2022) Questions Compilation : UPSC CSE ESSAY PYQs COMPILATION. UPSC CSE - 2022 (Essay Paper PYQs)
Upsc Mains Previous Year Papers (Topic Wise)
UPSC MAINS PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS (TOPIC WISE) NEW! UPSC MAINS G.S. SOLVED PAPERS (LAST 15 Years) UPSC MAINS PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS (TOPIC WISE) : CULTURE. Modern Indian History. World History. International Relations. India After Independence. Geography. Ethics.
Previous Year Essay Topics (1993-2020)
Cyberspace and Internet: Blessing or curse to the human civilization in the long run -2016. Increasing computerization would lead to the creation of a dehumanized society. -2006. The cyberworld: Its charms and challenges. -2000. Computer: the harbinger of silent revolution. -1993.
Topic Wise UPSC Prelims Questions (PYQs), PDF Download
The UPSC Prelims GS Paper 1 consists of 100 multiple choice questions that cover a variety of topics. The specific topics covered in the exam vary each year, but the overall distribution of questions across subjects is relatively consistent. You can find a breakdown of the subject-wise weightage and questions in the table below.
Topic Wise UPSC Mains Questions
Candidates preparing for the CSE Mains examination extensively study these topic-wise UPSC Mains questions to gain a deeper insight into the subject matter and develop a structured approach to answer them effectively within the allotted time frame. Download the GS papers 1 to 4 questions PDF segregated into topics and subtopics from the links ...
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Expert guidance, comprehensive IAS coaching, and proven success. Best IAS|UPSC coaching in India Call us @ 08069405205; Search Here. Search ... Previous Years' Question Papers-Mains; UPSC CSE Syllabus; Booklist; FAQs; Toppers. Toppers from Insights IAS ... 48 Insta 75 Days Revision Plan-2024: Topic - GEOGRAPHY, Subject-wise Test 34, and June ...
UPSC Marks VS Rank, Rank Wise Post and Previous Years List
UPSC CSE 2024 Rank Wise Post Top-ranking candidates often secure coveted positions in prestigious services like the IAS, IFS, and IPS. Consequently, achieving high scores is paramount according to the UPSC 2024 Marks VS Rank analysis.
UPSC CMS Previous Year Paper: PDF Download
UPSC CMS Previous Year Paper: Download the previous year question papers pdf here. Know about the topic-wise difficulty level and exam pattern. Check NBSE HSSC, HSSLC Result 2024 Here
UPSC CAPF Syllabus 2024: PDF Download for Important Topics
UPSC CAPF AC Syllabus 2024. The UPSC CAPF assistant commandant written exam syllabus will consist of two papers, i.e., paper 1 and paper 2. Paper 1 will have 250 marks and will contain questions ...
UPSC 2023 topper Aditya Srivastava's mock essay copy goes viral ...
As aspirants gear up for UPSC prelims 2024, many are eager to learn from the strategies of Aditya and other toppers. Aditya's essay mock test copy has gone viral, sparking various reactions from ...
Annual Calendar 2025
Status of Lateral Recruitment Cases (Advertisement-wise) Online Recruitment Application (ORA) Status of Recruitment Cases (Advertisement-wise) Forms for Certificates; Recruitment Tests; Recruitment Requisition; Recruitment cases kept on hold on account of Pending Litigations; Representation on Question Papers; Government Users . Central Government
What caused Dubai floods? Experts cite climate change, not cloud
A storm hit the United Arab Emirates and Oman this week bringing record rainfall that flooded highways, inundated houses, grid-locked traffic and trapped people in their homes.

UPSC Essay Topic wise Question Papers of last 31 years (1993-2023) for Civil Services IAS/IPS Exam Free Download

1.1 India Since Independence

2 Economy, Development

3 Education

4 Quote based, Philosophy, Ethics

5 Women empowerment

6 International issues, Internal Security, History

7 Science-Technology

Section-A (write any one)

Section-B (write any one)

Last 25 Years Topic-wise Essay Questions From UPSC Mains (1994 - 2018)

UPSC Essay Topics

Democracy/India since independence

Economic growth and development

Federalism, Decentralisation

Indian Culture & Society

Social justice/Poverty

Media & Society

Environment/Urbanisation

Economic sectors/MNCs

Quotes-based/Philosophy

Globalisation

Science & Tech

Internet/IT

International organisations/relations

Miscellaneous

Frequently Asked Questions on UPSC Essay Topics for UPSC Mains

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UPSC Essay Topics

UPSC Essay Topics 2024

UPSC Essay Topics: Previous Year Question Paper

UPSC Essay Topics: Topic wise

UPSC Essay Topics on Administration

UPSC Essay Topics on Science and Technology

UPSC Essay Topics on Women Empowerment

UPSC Essay Topics on Indian Culture & Society

UPSC Essay Topics on Philosophical Type

UPSC Essay Topics on Education

UPSC Essay Topics on Economic Growth

Upsc Essay Topics: Things to keep in mind

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Topic-Wise Essay Questions from UPSC Mains (1994 -2018)

UPSC Essay Topics

Democracy/India since independence

Economic growth and development

Federalism, Decentralisation

Indian Culture & Society

Social justice/Poverty

Media & Society

Environment/Urbanisation

Economic sectors/MNCs

Quotes-based/Philosophy

Globalisation

Science & Tech

Internet/IT

International organisations /relations

Miscellaneous

Topic-Wise Essay Questions from UPSC Mains (1994 -2018) FAQS

Q 2. Does handwriting matter in UPSC?

3. What is the format of the UPSC Civil Services Mains examination?

4. How many essays are candidates required to write in the Essay paper?

5. How many marks does the Essay paper hold, and how does it contribute to the Final Merit List?

6. What is the time duration for the Essay paper in the UPSC Mains examination?

7. Can candidates choose any topic for their essays, or are there specific topics provided?

8. How are the essay topics categorized in the provided list?

9. What are some examples of essay topics related to Indian Culture & Society?

10. Are there specific essay topics related to Economics and Development?

11. How can candidates prepare for the essay paper effectively?

12. Are there any specific guidelines for essay writing provided by UPSC?

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