rabindranath tagore biography in marathi

रवींद्रनाथ टागोर माहिती Rabindranath Tagore Information in Marathi

Rabindranath Tagore Information in Marathi नमस्कार मित्रांनो,आपल्या देशात अनेक महान व्यक्ती होऊन गेल्या त्यापैकीच एक गुरुदेव रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांना साहित्यातील पहिला नोबेल पुरस्कार मिळाला. आज आपण त्याच महार थोर व्यक्ती बद्दल थोडक्यात जाणून घेणार आहोत. आजच्या या सदरात आपण त्यांचे बालपण, त्यांचा जीवन प्रवास, त्यांचे साहित्य याबद्दल माहिती पाहणार आहोत.

रवींद्रनाथ टागोर माहिती – Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore Information in Marathi

रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांचा जन्म ७ मे १८६१ मध्ये कोलकाता येथे झाला. दे वेंद्रनाथ टागोर व सरलादेवी या आई वडीलांच्या छत्राखाली रवींद्रनाथांचे बालपण गेले. कलकत्त्याच्या पीराली ब्राह्मण कुटुंबात जन्म झालेल्या रवींद्रनाथांनी आठव्या वर्षी पहिली कविता लिहिली व वयाच्या सोळाव्या वर्षी त्यांनी भानुसिंह ह्या टोपण नावाने कविता लिहिल्या. अकराव्या वर्षी मुंज झाल्यावर रवींद्रनाथांनी वडिलांसोबत १४ फेब्रुवारी १८७३ रोजी भारत भ्रमण आर्थ कोलकत्ता सोडले. रवींद्रनाथांनी इतिहास, खगोल शास्त्र, विज्ञान, कालिदासाचे काव्य व संस्कृत आदींचे अध्ययन केले.

कलकत्ता सोडल्यानंतर त्यांच्या भ्रमंतीमध्ये त्यांनी विविध ठिकाणे पाहिली. अमृत्सर व डलहौसी या ठिकाणी अनेक व्यक्तींची आत्मचरित्रे वाचली. १८७० साली प्रकाशित रचनांमुळे रवींद्रनाथ प्रथम प्रसिद्ध झाले. त्यांनी बंगाली भाषेतील पहिली लघुकथा ‘भिकारिनी’ प्रसिद्ध केली. बॅरिस्टर होण्यासाठी त्यांनी लंडनच्या युनिव्हर्सिटी कॉलेजात प्रवेश घेतला. परंतु १८८० मध्ये पदवी न घेताच मायदेशी परतले. पुढील ९ नोव्हेंबर १८८३ रोजी मृणालिनी देवी यांच्याशी विवाह झाला. त्यांना झालेल्या पाच मुलांपैकी दोघांचा बालमृत्यू झाला. पुढे गलगुच्छ म्हणजेच कथा गुच्छ नावाचा ८४ कथांचा तीन खंड असलेले पुस्तक प्रकाशित केले.

जेव्हा १९०१ साली रवींद्रनाथ शांतिनिकेतनमध्ये आले तेव्हा त्यांनी येथेच स्थापन केलेल्या आश्रमात प्रार्थना गृहाची, प्रयोगशाळेची बाग बगीचा व ग्रंथालयाची स्थापना केली. रवींद्रनाथांच्या पत्नीचे व दोन मुलांचा मृत्यू येथेच झाला. 1905 ला वडिलांचे देहावसान झाल्यानंतर रवींद्रनाथ वारसदार झाले. कौटुंबिक दाग दागिने, पुरी व ओडिशा मधील बंगले विकून काही धन प्राप्ती झाली.

1905 नंतर त्यांच्या साहित्याची ओढ बंगाली व विदेशी वाचकांना लागली. ‘नैवेद्य’, ‘खेया या रचना त्या काळात प्रसिद्ध झाल्या. 14 नोव्हेंबर 1913 रोजी त्यांना स्वीडिश अकादमीचा पुरस्कारही मिळाला. पुढे ‘गीतांजली’ या रचनेबद्दल मानाचा समजला जाणारा आंतरराष्ट्रीय दर्जाचा नोबेल पुरस्कारही लाभला. त्यातूनच आपल्या देशाचे राष्ट्रगीत ,जनगणमन ही घेतली गेली. गीतांजली या काव्यसंग्रहात रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांनी लिहिलेल्या कविता या सरळ-सरळ परमेश्वराला उद्देशून लिहिलेल्या आढळतात.

रविंद्रजी यांच्या साहित्याचा विचार करून ब्रिटिश सरकारने त्यांना सर ही पदवी बहाल केली होती. परंतु 1919 साली झालेल्या जालियनवाला बाग हत्याकांड याने रवींद्रनाथ फारच व्यक्तीत झाले आणि मिळालेली ‘सर ‘ ही पदवी ब्रिटिशांना परत केली. शांतिनिकेतन जवळ सुरूल येथे रवींद्रनाथांनी स्थापन केलेल्या ग्रामीण संस्थेचे पुढे श्रिनिकेतन हे नामकरण केले होते. ज्ञान संवर्धनातून अज्ञानी व सहाय्यक ग्रामीण भागाची सुटका करून घेण्यासाठी विविध देशातील विद्वान जाती व अधिकाऱ्यास या उपक्रमात सहभागी करून घेतले नाट्य कविता या माध्यमातून त्यांनी जनजागृती निर्माण करण्याचाही प्रयत्न केला गुरुदेवांनी केरळच्या गुरु वायर मंदिरात दलितांना प्रवेश देण्यासाठी आणि देशातील जातीयते विरुद्ध प्रचार करण्याचाही प्रयत्न केला.

उल्लेखनीय कार्य

भारतामध्ये सामाजिक राजकीय व सांस्कृतिक चळवळीचे प्रमुख केंद्रांपैकी एक असलेल्या महाराष्ट्राचा प्रभावही रवींद्रनाथांन वर पडला होता. संत तुकारामांच्या साहित्याचा ही त्यांनी अभ्यास करून संतांची काही अभंग त्यांनी बंगाली भाषेत अनुवादित केले. शिवाजी महाराजांचे जीवन ही त्यांच्यासाठी प्रेरणादायी होते. रवींद्रनाथ यांनी शिवाजी महाराजांवरील खंडकाव्य लिहिले आहेत. रवींद्रनाथांच्या व्यक्तिमत्वाने काही महाराष्ट्र लोक ही प्रभावित झाले होते. रवींद्रनाथांची बंगाली साहित्याचा अभ्यास करण्याचा प्रेरणेतूनच महाराष्ट्र भूषण व पु ल देशपांडे बंगाली शिकले. गीतांजलीचे इंग्रजी भाषांतरही रवींद्रनाथांनी केले.

पुढे जगातील अनेक भाषात गीतांजलीचे भाषांतर झाले. संगीत ,साहित्य, तत्त्वज्ञान, चित्रकला, नृत्य, शिक्षण अशा बहुविध क्षेत्रात रवींद्रनाथांनी संचार केला. रवींद्रनाथांना बंगाली भाषेतील आद्य लघु कथाकार समजले जातात. सामान्य माणसांच्या जीवनाचे वर्णन त्यांच्या कथेतून दिसून येते. रवींद्रनाथांना निसर्गत लाभलेल्या रूप सुंदर या इतकीच मधुर आवाजाची ही उपजत देणगी होती. “मला कधी गाता येत नाही असे आठवत नाही”, असे त्यांनी म्हटले आहे त्यांनी संगीताचे शिक्षण घेतले होते. परंतु संगीताच्या कुठल्याही विशिष्ट प्रणालीत स्वतःला बांधून घेतले नाही. लहानपणी त्यांना इंग्रजी शिकवायच्या शिक्षकांकडून रवींद्रनाथांना विज्ञानाची गोडी निर्माण झाली, ती आयुष्याच्या अखेरपर्यंत टिकली होती. बंगालमध्ये बरी भूम जिल्ह्यात एक विस्तीर्ण माळ रायपूरच्या जमीन धारण करून विकत घेऊन तेथेच एक कुटीर बांधले, पुढे त्याची दुमजली इमारत झाली आणि त्याचे शांतिनिकेतन नाव झाले.

शांतिनिकेतन शेजारी असलेल्या सप्तपरणी च्या विशाल वृक्षा खाली महर्षी देवेंद्रनाथ ध्यानस्थ बसत रवींद्रनाथांच्या संस्कृत आणि इंग्रजी चा अभ्यास स्वतः देवेंद्र नाथांनी शांतिनिकेतनच्या वास्तव्यात करून घेतला. त्यामुळे रवींद्रनाथांची काव्यलेखन बालवयातच सुरू झाले होते वयाच्या बाराव्या वर्षी तत्वबोधिनी पत्रिका नावाच्या नियतकालिकात या ची पहिली कविता अभिलाष ही प्रसिद्ध झाली होती 1930 साली ऑक्सफर्डला मानवाचा धर्म या विषयावर त्यांचे व्याख्यान झाले. 1931 साली कलकत्त्यातील अनेक संस्थांतर्फे त्यांचा सत्तरावा वाढदिवस साजरा करण्यात आला होता. 1932 आली त्यांनी इराण व इराक च्या दौरा केला, तिथून परतल्या नंतर कोलकत्ता विद्यापीठात प्राध्यापक पदावर ही काम केले . देशातील अल्पसंख्यांक व अस्पृश्यांच्या स्वतंत्र मतदारसंघावरून गांधीजींनी ब्रिटिश अन्वर येरवडा तुरूंगात आमरण उपोषण सुरू केले होते. गांधीजी या उपोषणाला रवींद्रनाथ जाहीर पाठिंबा दिला होता .

डॉक्टर आंबेडकर यांच्यामुळे पुणे कारावासात गांधीजींनी उपोषण सोडले, तेव्हा रवींद्रनाथ तेथेच होती दुसऱ्या दिवशी तिथी प्रमाणे गांधीजींचा जन्म दिन होता. पुण्याच्या शिवाजी मंदिरात पंडित मालदीव यांच्या अध्यक्षतेखाली भरलेल्या अभिनंदन पर प्रचंड सभेत रवींद्रनाथांची जातीयता व अस्पृश्यतेचे निर्मूलन या विषयावर भाषण झाले. 1940 आली दुसऱ्या महायुद्धाने अतिशय उग्र रूप धारण केले होते . विश्वशांतीचा आणि मानवतेच्या कल्पनांचा वृद्ध रवींद्रनाथांनी त्यांच्या डोळ्यांपुढे विध्वंस दिसत होता. याच वर्षी गांधीजींनी शांतिनिकेतन ला भेट दिली गांधीजींना निरोप देताना रवींद्रनाथांनी त्यांच्या हातात एक पत्र दिले होते. त्यात लिहिले होते, माझ्या आयुष्यातील अमोल धनाचा साठा वाहून नेणाऱ्या जहाजासारखी असणाऱ्या विश्वभारती च्या भार माझ्या मागून आपण सांभाळा, हे पत्र गांधीजींनी मौलाना अबुल कलाम आझाद यांना दिले.

स्वतंत्र भारताचे केंद्रीय शिक्षण मंत्री झाल्यानंतर विश्वभारतीचा आर्थिक भार भारत सरकारने स्वीकारला. वयाच्या साठाव्या वर्षी रवींद्रनाथांनी चित्रे काढायला सुरुवात केली त्यांनी जवळजवळ वीस हजार चित्रे बनवली होती, त्यांनी 1930 मध्ये त्यांच्या चित्रांचे प्रदर्शन पॅरिसमध्ये ठेवले होते. भारतात मुंबई व बंगालमध्येही चित्रप्रदर्शन लावली होती, त्यांच्या चित्रांचा विषय भारतीय नारी हाच असायचा. रवींद्रनाथ टागोर आणि चिखली मध्ये पारंगत होते पूर्ण शांतिनिकेतन रवींद्रनाथ टागोर हे ना तर मात्र फारच उल्लेखनीय असं होतं त्यांच्या कादंबऱ्यांवर चित्रपटही निघाले. परिनीता काबुलीवाला हे काही चित्रपट .

अखेरची वर्ष

जीवनाच्या शेवटच्या दशकात रवींद्रनाथ त्यांची लोकप्रियता विशेषतः बंगालमध्ये शिखरावर होती. रवींद्रनाथांच्या आयुष्यातील शेवटची चार वर्षे प्रदीर्घ व्याधी बाजारांनी व्यापली होती. 1937 सली शुद्ध हरपून बराच काळ कुमार होते . सात आगस्ट 1941 रोजी कोलकात्याच्या त्यांच्या वडिलोपार्जित जागेत त्यांचा मृत्यू झाला. वयाच्या ऐंशीव्या वर्षापर्यंत ते सतत लिहीत राहिले शेवटचा श्वास घेतानाही त्यांनी एक कविता लिहिली जरी त्यांनी या जगाचा निरोप घेतला. तरी गीतांजली जनगणमन शांतिनिकेतनच्या रूपात अजूनही ते आपल्यातच आहेत याचा प्रत्यय येतो.

आम्ही दिलेल्या gurudev rabindranath tagore information in marathi माहितीमध्ये काही चुकीचे आढळल्यास आपण तत्काळ आम्हाला comment box आणि email लिहून कळवावे तुम्ही दिलेली माहिती योग्य असल्यास आम्ही त्यामध्ये नक्की बदल करू.

मित्रानो तुमच्याकडे जर रवींद्रनाथ टागोर information about rabindranath tagore in marathi यांच्याबद्दल अधिक माहिती असेल तर आम्हाला कंमेंट बॉक्स मध्ये कळवा आम्ही ते या rabindranath tagore punyatithi या article मध्ये upadate करू, मित्रांनो हि rabindranath tagore in marathi माहिती जर तुम्हाला आवडली असेल तर तुमच्या मित्र मंडळींमध्ये Share करायला विसरू नका धन्यवाद अधिक माहितीसाठी भेट द्या : इनमराठी.नेट

देशाच्या राष्ट्रगीताचे “‘जन गन मन'” चे रचनाकार…… रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांचे जीवन

Rabindranath Tagore Mahiti Marathi

प्रत्येकाच्या हृदयात आपला अमिट ठसा उमटविणाऱ्या रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांचा परिचय आपल्या देशातील सर्वांनाच आहे. एक महान कवीच्या रुपात त्यांची ख्याती संपूर्ण विश्वात पसरली आहे. रवींद्रनाथ टागोर केवळ कवी नव्हते तर थोर साहित्यिक, कथाकार, गीतकार, संगीतकार, नाटककार, निबंधकार, चित्रकार, थोर विचारक, आणि मार्गदर्शक देखील होते. ते विलक्षण प्रतिभेचे धनी होते, त्यांना गुरुदेव संबोधण्यात येत असे.

भारताचं राष्ट्रगान हे आपल्याला रवींद्रनाथ टागोरांचं देणं आहे. बालपणापासून कविता, गोष्टी, लिहिण्याची त्यांना विलक्षण आवड होती. निसर्गाविषयी प्रचंड ओढ होती, कित्येकदा निसर्गाचे अवलोकन करतांना ते इतके तल्लीन होऊन जात व आपल्या कल्पना विश्वात रममाण होत असत. भारताच्या या महान साहित्यिकाने स्वातंत्र्य समरात राष्ट्रीय चेतनेला आकार देण्यात आपली महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका बजावली.

1913 साली रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांना आपल्या ‘गीतांजली’ या काव्य संग्रहासाठी साहित्यातील नोबेल पुरस्काराने सन्मानित करण्यात आले. हा पुरस्कार प्राप्त करणारे एशियातील ते पहिले व्यक्ती ठरले. पश्चिमी संस्कृतीचा भारताला परिचय आणि भारताची सर्वोत्कृष्ट प्रतिमा पश्चिमी देशांपुढे मांडण्यात टागोरांचा मोठा वाटा आहे. त्यांना भारतातील असामान्य सृजनशील कलाकार देखील मानल्या जातं.

आज या लेखात आपण थोर कवी रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांच्या जन्म, शिक्षण, त्यांच्या रचना, त्यांच्या हातून घडलेली महत्वपूर्ण कार्य, आणि जीवनाविषयी जाणून घेऊया. त्यांच्या व्यक्तीमत्वातून जर प्रत्येकाने प्रेरणा घेतली आणि त्यांनी दाखविलेल्या मार्गावरून चालण्याचा दृढनिर्धार केला तर आपल्या जीवनात निश्चित यश प्राप्त करू शकू.

रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांचा जीवनपरिचय – Rabindranath Tagore Information in Marathi

रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांच्या अल्पपरिचय – Rabindranath Tagore Biography in Marathi

रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांच्याविषयी सविस्तर माहिती – rabindranath tagore history in marathi.

कुटुंब प्रमुख आणि रवींद्रनाथ यांचे वडील अत्यंत प्रामाणिक आणि चांगल्या तऱ्हेने सामाजिक जीवन जगणारे व्यक्तिमत्व होते. त्यांची आई शारदादेवी ह्या गृहिणी होत्या. रवींद्रनाथ टागोर हे आपल्या आई-वडिलांचे सर्वात धाकटे सुपुत्र होते.

रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांचे शिक्षण – Rabindranath Tagore Education

पण रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांना सुरुवातीपासून साहित्याची आवड असल्याने पदवी न मिळवताच ते भारतात परतले. बालपणापासून रवींद्रनाथांना गोष्टी, कविता लिहिण्याची आवड होती अर्थात मनातल्या भावनांना कागदावर उतरवणं त्यांना खूप आवडायचं. त्यामुळे साहित्य प्रतिभा त्यांच्यात फार लवकरच विकसित झाली. त्यामुळे एक महान कवी, विचारक, आणि लेखक म्हणून त्यांनी आपलं वेगळं अस्तित्व निर्माण केलं.

रवींद्रनाथांचं साहित्यातील योगदान आणि त्यांच्या रचना – Rabindranath Tagore Books

रवींद्रनाथांनी जवळ-जवळ 2 हजार 230 गीतरचना केल्या शिवाय भारतीय संस्कृतीत विशेषतः बंगाली साहित्यात आपलं अमुल्य योगदान दिलं. साहित्यातील आपल्या अतुलनीय योगदाना करता 1913 साली त्यांना नोबेल पुरस्काराने सन्मानित करण्यात आलं. रवींद्रनाथ यांच्या रचनांच वैशिष्ट्य म्हणजे त्यांनी नव्या गद्य आणि छंदा समवेत आपल्या कवितांमध्ये लोकभाषांचा चांगला उपयोग केला. रचना अत्यंत साध्या सरळ सोप्या असल्याने रसिकांना फार आवडल्या.

1880 साली रवींद्रनाथ टागोरांच्या अनेक रचना प्रकाशित झाल्या, पुढे 1890 मधे त्यांची मानसी ही रचना प्रकाशित झाली. त्यांच्या या रचनेतून त्यांच्यातील विलक्षण प्रतिभा आणि परिपक्वतेचा सर्वांना परिचय झाला. अवघ्या विश्वातील ते एकमेव असे साहित्यिक आहेत की ज्यांच्या दोन रचना दोन देशांच्या राष्ट्रगान झाल्या.

भारताचे राष्ट्रगान ‘जन गन मन ‘ आणि बांगलादेशाचे राष्ट्रीय गान ‘आमार सोनार बांग्ला’ या गुरुदेव यांच्या रचना आहेत. या व्यतिरिक्त गुरुदेव रवींद्रनाथ यांची सर्वात लोकप्रिय रचना ‘गीतांजली’ होती . या करता त्यांना नोबेल पुरस्काराने गौरविण्यात आलं होतं. गीतांजली या रचनेची लोकप्रियता एवढी वाढली होती की पुढे त्याचे इंग्रजी, जर्मन, फ्रेंच, जपानी, रूसी, याशिवाय जगातील सगळ्या प्रमुख भाषांमध्ये अनुवाद करण्यात आला. त्यामुळे रवींद्रनाथांची ख्याती संपूर्ण विश्वात पसरली आणि सर्वदूर ते प्रसिद्ध झाले.

त्यांच्या कथांमध्ये काबुलीवाला, मास्टर साहब, आणि पोस्टमास्टर खूप प्रसिद्ध झाल्या. लोक आज देखील या कथा मोठ्या उत्साहाने वाचतांना पहायला मिळतात. रवींद्रनाथ टागोर हे एक अनुभवी आणि उत्तम चित्रकार देखील होते. त्यांच्या चित्रकलेचा प्रकार फार अद्भुत असं होता, त्यांच्या चित्रकलेतून त्यांचे महान विचार प्रगट होत असत.

शांतीनिकेतनची स्थापना – Shantiniketan Established

निसर्गाप्रती अत्यंत प्रेम असणाऱ्या रवीन्द्रनाथांनी 1901 साली पश्चिम बंगाल मधील ग्रामीण क्षेत्रात असलेल्या शांतीनिकेतन मधे प्रायोगिक स्वरुपात एक शाळा सुरु केली. याठिकाणी त्यांनी भारतातील आणि पश्चिमी संस्कृतीला एकत्र आणण्याचा अद्भुत प्रयत्न केला. विद्यार्थी निसर्गाच्या सान्निध्यात शिकावा, त्याला शिकण्याकरता चांगलं वातावरण मिळावं ही रविन्द्रनाथांची इच्छा होती. पुढे रवींद्रनाथ त्या शाळेत वास्तव्य देखील करू लागले. 1921 साली शांतीनिकेतन विश्व भारती विद्यालय झाले.

रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांना मिळालेले पुरस्कार आणि सन्मान – Rabindranath Tagore Awards

भारताच्या राष्ट्रगीताचे रचनाकार आणि महान साहित्यिक रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांना त्यांच्या जीवनात अनेक पुरस्कारांनी आणि सन्मानांनी गौरविण्यात आलंय.

त्यांच्या गीतांजली या रचनेकरता 1913 साली त्यांना नोबेल पुरस्काराने सन्मानित करण्यात आलं. रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांनी भारत आणि बांग्लादेशाचे राष्ट्रगान लिहिले,

त्यामुळे त्यांची ख्याती संपूर्ण जगभर पसरली आहे आणि आज देखील यासाठी त्यांचं स्मरण केलं जातं.

रवींद्रनाथ टागोरांचा मृत्यू – Rabindranath Tagore Death

आपल्या अखेरच्या दिवसांमध्ये गुरूदेवांची प्रकृती खालावली होती. त्यामुळे उपचारांसाठी त्यांना शांतीनिकेतन मधून कोलकाता येथे नेण्यात आलं.

याठिकाणी 7 ऑगस्ट 1941 ला त्यांनी अखेरचा श्वास घेतला.

आपल्या व्यक्तिमत्वातील प्रकाशाने रवीन्द्रनाथांनी सर्वदूर चैतन्य निर्माण केलं ते भारताची अनमोल संपत्ती होते,

साहित्यातील प्रत्येक शाखेत आज त्यांची रचना आपल्याला पाहायला मिळते.

एक कवी, लेखक, आणि नेता म्हणून त्यांची व्याख्या शब्दात करणं शक्य होणार नाही.

साहित्यातील योगदानामुळे त्याचं कायम स्मरण केलं जातं. रविंद्रनाथांना माझी मराठीचा आदरपूर्वक प्रणाम…

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College Catta

Marathi blog Marathi Kavita

Rabindranath Tagore information Biography in Marathi

May 30, 2021 By CollegeCatta Leave a Comment

ज्यांचे काव्य दोन देशांचे राष्ट्रगीत आहे असे गुरुदेव रवींद्रनाथ टागोर एक अष्टपैलू व्यक्तिमत्व आहेत. साहित्य, कला आणि शैक्षणी क्षेत्रामधील त्यांचे कार्य अद्वितीय आहे. गुरुदेव रवींद्रनाथ यांच्याबद्दल जाणून घ्या… Rabindranath Tagore information Biography in Marathi रवींद्रनाथ टागोर माहिती निबंध भाषण मराठी

रविंद्रनाथ ठाकूर (टागोर)

Rabindranath Tagore information Biography in Marathi

रवींद्रनाथ टागोर मराठी कविता

होंगे कामयाब

हम होंगे कामयाब एक दिन मन में है विश्वास, पूरा है विश्वास

हम होंगे कामयाब एक दिन।

हम चलेंगे साथ-साथ डाल हाथों में हाथ हम चलेंगे साथ-साथ, एक दिन

मन में है विश्वास, पूरा है विश्वास हम चलेंगे साथ-साथ एक दिन।

वरील कविता आपण लाहणपनापासुन ऐकत आलोय शाळेत गात आलोय उत्स्फूर्त चैतन्य मनात जागवनारी वरील कविता आहे गुरुदेव रविंद्रनाथ टागोर यांची.

Rabindranath Tagore Essay Speech in Marathi

प्रतिभाशाली साहित्यामुळे जागतिक पातळीवरील नोबेल पारितोषिक ज्यांना मिळाले, त्या रविंद्रनाथ टागोरांचे नाव भारतातल्या प्रत्येक घराघरात माहीत आहे. त्यांचा गीतांजली हा काव्यसंग्रह प्रसिध्द आहे. भारतात जे थोर महापुरुष होऊन गेले, त्यात जागतिक किर्तीचे महाकवी, तत्वज्ञ, साहित्यिक आणि नवीन शिक्षणपध्दतीचे प्रवर्तक म्हणून रविंद्रनाथ टागोरांचे नाव घेतले जाते , रविंद्रनाथांचे सर्व वाङ्मय हे ४० खंडांमध्ये प्रसिध्द झालेले आहे. रवींद्रनाथ टागोर केवळ कवी नव्हते तर थोर साहित्यिक, कथाकार, गीतकार, संगीतकार, नाटककार, निबंधकार, चित्रकार, थोर विचारक, आणि मार्गदर्शक देखील होते. ते विलक्षण प्रतिभेचे धनी होते, त्यांना गुरुदेव संबोधण्यात येत असे. भारताचं राष्ट्रगान हे आपल्याला रवींद्रनाथ टागोरांचं देणं आहे. बालपणापासून कविता, गोष्टी, लिहिण्याची त्यांना विलक्षण आवड होती. निसर्गाविषयी प्रचंड ओढ होती, कित्येकदा निसर्गाचे अवलोकन करतांना ते इतके तल्लीन होऊन जात व आपल्या कल्पना विश्वात रममाण होत असत. भारताच्या या महान साहित्यिकाने स्वातंत्र्य समरात राष्ट्रीय चेतनेला आकार देण्यात आपली महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका बजावली.

रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांना साहित्याचा नोबेल पुरस्कार कधी मिळाला ?

1913 साली रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांना आपल्या ‘गीतांजली’ या काव्य संग्रहासाठी साहित्यातील नोबेल पुरस्काराने सन्मानित करण्यात आले.

नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेते भारतीय

हा पुरस्कार प्राप्त करणारे एशियातील ते पहिले व्यक्ती ठरले. पश्चिमी संस्कृतीचा भारताला परिचय आणि भारताची सर्वोत्कृष्ट प्रतिमा पश्चिमी देशांपुढे मांडण्यात टागोरांचा मोठा वाटा आहे.
त्यांना भारतातील असामान्य सृजनशील कलाकार देखील मानल जातं.

रवींद्रनाथ टागोर माहिती निबंध भाषण मराठी

रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांचा जन्म कधी झाला ?

थोर विचारक आणि मार्गदर्शक रवींद्रनाथ टागोर विलक्षण प्रतिभेचे धनी होते. कोलकाता येथील ठाकुरवाडीत एका प्रसिद्ध आणि समृद्ध कुटुंबात 7 मे 1861 ला त्यांचा जन्म झाला. त्यांचे वडील देवेंद्रनाथ टागोर ब्रम्हो समाजाचे वरिष्ठ नेता होते. कुटुंब प्रमुख आणि रवींद्रनाथ यांचे वडील अत्यंत प्रामाणिक आणि चांगल्या तऱ्हेने सामाजिक जीवन जगणारे व्यक्तिमत्व होते.

रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांच्या आईचे नाव काय होते ?

त्यांची आई शारदादेवी ह्या गृहिणी होत्या. रवींद्रनाथ टागोर हे आपल्या आई-वडिलांचे सर्वात धाकटे सुपुत्र होते.

रवींद्रनाथ टागोर बालपणापासून बहुआयामी व्यक्तिमत्वाचे धनी होते. त्यांचे सुरुवातीचे शिक्षण हे घरीच झाले आणि पुढचं शिक्षण त्यांनी कोलकाता येथील प्रसिद्ध सेंट जेवियर शाळेतून पूर्ण केलं. त्यांचे वडील थोर समाजसेवक होते आणि सतत समाजकार्यात मग्न असत. आपले चिरंजीव रवींद्रनाथ यांना बैरिस्टर बनविण्याची त्यांची इच्छा होती. त्यामुळे त्यांनी रवींद्रनाथ यांना कायद्याचे शिक्षण घेण्यासाठी लंडन येथील विश्वविद्यालयात पाठवलं. पण रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांना सुरुवातीपासून साहित्याची आवड असल्याने पदवी न मिळवताच ते भारतात परतले. बालपणापासून रवींद्रनाथांना गोष्टी, कविता लिहिण्याची आवड होती अर्थात मनातल्या भावनांना कागदावर उतरवणं त्यांना खूप आवडायचं. त्यामुळे साहित्य प्रतिभा त्यांच्यात फार लवकरच विकसित झाली. त्यामुळे एक महान कवी, विचारक, आणि लेखक म्हणून त्यांनी आपलं वेगळं अस्तित्व निर्माण केलं.

6 फेब्रुवारी 1922 रोजी रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांनी ‘ श्रीनिकेतन या संस्थेची स्थापना कोठे केली ?

रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांचे शैक्षणिक विचार

रविंद्रनाथांनी कलकत्यापासून जवळच असणाऱ्या शांतिनिकेतन येथे अरण्यशाळा काढली. श्रीनिकेतन ही संस्था काढली. कुटिरोद्योगाची कल्पना, शेतकऱ्यांसाठी कृषिबँक, हितैषीसभा त्यांनी सुरु केल्या. नैसर्गिक सौंदर्याच्या सान्निध्यात शिक्षण द्यावे, यावर रविंद्रनाथांचा भर होता. वृक्षाच्या सावलीत, तपोवनाच्या कल्पनेवर आधारीत त्यांनी शिक्षणाची नवी पध्दती सुरु केली. तेथे शिष्यांच्या चित्ताला पल्लवित करणारे गुरु त्यांना निर्माण करावयाचे होते. तेथील आश्रमात त्यांनी भारतीय चित्रकलेचे पुनरुज्जीवन केले. शांतिनिकेतन विद्यालयातूनच पुढ विश्वभारती विद्यापीठ उभे राहिले. तेथ जगभरातून आलेले हजारो विद्यार्थी शिक्षण घेत असतात. टागोरांना ध्यानात रंगणे आवडे, तसेच काव्यामध्ये गूढगूंजन करण्याचीही त्यांची सवय होती. पण असे असूनही भारतमातेबद्दल त्यांना अतिशय प्रेम होते. वंगभंगचळवळीत त्यांनी भाग घेतला होता.

रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांनी इंग्रज सरकारला आपली सर ही पदवी कधी परत केली

जालियानवाला बागेत पंजाबला भयंकर हत्याकांड झाले. त्यावेळी तेथे सभेसाठी जमलेल्या निष्पाप भारतीयांवर गोळीबार झाला. हे रविंद्रनाथांना आवडले नाही म्हणून ब्रिटिशांनी त्यांना दिलेली सर ही पदवी ब्रिटिश सरकारकडे परत पाठवली.

बालपणापासून साहित्याकडे कल असल्याने ते एक महान कवी आणि प्रसिद्ध साहित्यकार म्हणून उदयाला आले. फार कमी वयात त्यांना साहित्याची उत्तम समज आली होती. वयाच्या अवघ्या 8 व्या वर्षी त्यांनी आपली पहिली कविता लिहिली आणि जेंव्हा ते 16 वर्षांचे होते त्यावेळी 1877 साली त्यांनी लघुकथा लिहिली होती. रवींद्रनाथांनी जवळ-जवळ 2 हजार 230 गीतरचना केल्या शिवाय भारतीय संस्कृतीत विशेषतः बंगाली साहित्यात आपलं अमुल्य योगदान दिलं.

साहित्यातील आपल्या अतुलनीय योगदाना करता 1913 साली त्यांना नोबेल पुरस्काराने सन्मानित करण्यात आलं. रवींद्रनाथ यांच्या रचनांच वैशिष्ट्य म्हणजे त्यांनी नव्या गद्य आणि छंदा समवेत आपल्या कवितांमध्ये लोकभाषांचा चांगला उपयोग केला. रचना अत्यंत साध्या सरळ सोप्या असल्याने रसिकांना फार आवडल्या. 1880 साली रवींद्रनाथ टागोरांच्या अनेक रचना प्रकाशित झाल्या, पुढे 1890 मध्ये त्यांची मानसी ही रचना प्रकाशित झाली. त्यांच्या या रचनेतून त्यांच्यातील विलक्षण प्रतिभा आणि परिपक्वतेचा सर्वांना परिचय झाला.

अवघ्या विश्वातील ते एकमेव असे साहित्यिक आहेत की ज्यांच्या दोन रचना दोन देशांच्या राष्ट्रगान झाल्या. भारताचे राष्ट्रगाण ‘ जन गन मन ‘ आणि बांगलादेशाचे राष्ट्रीय गान ‘ आमार सोनार बांग्ला ’ या गुरुदेव यांच्या रचना आहेत.

या व्यतिरिक्त गुरुदेव रवींद्रनाथ यांची सर्वात लोकप्रिय रचना ‘गीतांजली’ होती . या करता त्यांना नोबेल पुरस्काराने गौरविण्यात आलं होतं. गीतांजली या रचनेची लोकप्रियता एवढी वाढली होती की पुढे त्याचे इंग्रजी, जर्मन, फ्रेंच, जपानी, रूसी, याशिवाय जगातील सगळ्या प्रमुख भाषांमध्ये अनुवाद करण्यात आला. त्यामुळे रवींद्रनाथांची ख्याती संपूर्ण विश्वात पसरली आणि सर्वदूर ते प्रसिद्ध झाले.

रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांच्या कथा

त्यांच्या कथांमध्ये काबुलीवाला , मास्टर साहब , आणि पोस्टमास्टर खूप प्रसिद्ध झाल्या. लोक आज देखील या कथा मोठ्या उत्साहाने वाचतांना पहायला मिळतात. रवींद्रनाथ टागोर हे एक अनुभवी आणि उत्तम चित्रकार देखील होते. त्यांच्या चित्रकलेचा प्रकार फार अद्भुत असं होता, त्यांच्या चित्रकलेतून त्यांचे महान विचार प्रगट होत असत.

आपल्या अखेरच्या दिवसांमध्ये गुरूदेवांची प्रकृती खालावली होती. त्यामुळे उपचारांसाठी त्यांना शांतीनिकेतन मधून कोलकाता येथे नेण्यात आलं. याठिकाणी 7 ऑगस्ट 1941 ला त्यांनी अखेरचा श्वास घेतला. आपल्या व्यक्तिमत्वातील प्रकाशाने रवीन्द्रनाथांनी सर्वदूर चैतन्य निर्माण केलं ते भारताची अनमोल संपत्ती होते, साहित्यातील प्रत्येक शाखेत आज त्यांची रचना आपल्याला पाहायला मिळते. एक कवी, लेखक, आणि नेता म्हणून त्यांची व्याख्या शब्दात करणं शक्य होणार नाही. साहित्यातील योगदानामुळे त्याचं कायम स्मरण केलं जातं.

त्यांच्या पुढील ओळी खुप काही सांगून जातात

नहीं मांगता, प्रभु, विपत्ति से, मुझे बचाओ, त्राण करो

विपदा में निर्भीक रहूँ मैं, इतना, हे भगवान, करो।

नहीं मांगता दुःख हटाओ व्यथित ह्रदय का ताप मिटाओ

दुखों को मैं आप जीत लूँ ऐसी शक्ति प्रदान करो

विपदा में निर्भीक रहूँ मैं, इतना, हे भगवान,करो।

कोई जब न मदद को आये मेरी हिम्मत टूट न जाये।

जग जब धोखे पर धोखा दे और चोट पर चोट लगाये –

अपने मन में हार न मानूं, ऐसा, नाथ, विधान करो।

नहीं माँगता हूँ, प्रभु, मेरी जीवन नैया पार करो

पार उतर जाऊँ अपने बल इतना, हे करतार, करो।

नहीं मांगता हाथ बटाओ मेरे सिर का बोझ घटाओ

आप बोझ अपना संभाल लूँ ऐसा बल-संचार करो।

सुख के दिन में शीश नवाकर तुमको आराधूँ, करूणाकर।

औ’ विपत्ति के अन्धकार में, जगत हँसे जब मुझे रुलाकर–

तुम पर करने लगूँ न संशय, यह विनती स्वीकार करो।

यया अश्या महान कवी आणि व्यक्तिमत्वाला त्रिवार वंदन

कडूस राजगुरुनगर.

मित्रांनो, Rabindranath Tagore information Biography in Marathi रवींद्रनाथ टागोर माहिती निबंध भाषण मराठी ही महत्वपूर्ण माहिती कशी वाटली हे आम्हाला खालील कॉमेंट बॉक्स मध्ये कळवा. अशा पद्धतीची माहिती वाचण्यासाठी कॉलेज कट्टाला सबस्क्राईब करा. कॉलेज कट्टा म्हणजे माहिती आणि मनोरंजनाचे व्यासपीठ!

रवींद्रनाथ टागोर माहिती निबंध भाषण मराठी रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांचे शैक्षणिक विचार

रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांच्या आईचे नाव काय होते रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांच्या पत्नीचे नाव काय होते रवींद्रनाथ टागोर मराठी कविता

रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांना साहित्याचा नोबेल पुरस्कार कधी मिळाला

6 फेब्रुवारी 1922 रोजी रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांनी ‘श्रीनिकेतन या संस्थेची स्थापना कोठे केली?

रवींद्रनाथ टागोर जयंती मराठी नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेते भारतीय

रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांचा जन्म कधी झाला

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Biography in Marathi

रवींद्रनाथ टागोर जयंती: Rabindranath Tagore Jayanti 2022 Marathi, History, Significance, Theme Quotes

रवींद्रनाथ टागोर जयंती: Rabindranath Tagore Jayanti 2022 Marathi, History, Significance, Theme Quotes #RabindranathTagoreJayanti2022

रवींद्रनाथ टागोर जयंती: Rabindranath Tagore Jayanti 2022 Marathi

रवींद्रनाथ टागोर जयंती 2022: टागोर हे भारतातील सर्वात प्रसिद्ध साहित्यिक प्रवर्तकांपैकी एक आहेत. सर्व काळातील सर्वात प्रिय आणि प्रभावशाली कवींची 161 वी जयंती साजरी करण्यासाठी, रवींद्रनाथ टागोर जयंती या वर्षी 9 मे रोजी साजरी केली जाईल.

जयंती बंगाली महिन्याच्या बैशाखच्या २५ व्या दिवशी येते. भारतातील अनेक भागात हा दिवस ग्रेगोरियन कॅलेंडरनुसार साजरा केला जातो, तर पश्चिम बंगालमध्ये टागोर जयंती किंवा ‘पोंचीशे बैशाख’ बंगाली कॅलेंडरनुसार साजरी केली जाते.

9 मे 1861 रोजी देबेंद्रनाथ टागोर आणि शारदा देवी यांच्या पोटी जन्मलेले टागोर हे लेखक, कवी, नाटककार, तत्त्वज्ञ, कलाकार आणि चित्रकार होते ज्यांनी राष्ट्रासाठी मोठे योगदान दिले आहे. त्यांनी केवळ भारतातील बंगाली साहित्याचा नकाशाच बदलला नाही तर त्यांच्या संगीत आणि कवितांद्वारे ते भारतीय स्वातंत्र्यलढ्याचे प्रमुख होते.

“टागोर याना गांधींनी टागोरांना ‘गुरुदेव’ ही संज्ञा दिली.”

गुरूदेव, महात्मा गांधींनी त्यांना दिलेला उपहासात्मक, गीतांजली या त्यांच्या कार्यासाठी 1913 मध्ये साहित्यातील नोबेल पारितोषिक मिळवणारे पहिले भारतीय आणि पहिले गैर-युरोपियन बनले.

Gitanjali in Marathi

गीतांजली ही बंगाली कवी रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांच्या कवितांचा संग्रह आहे. टागोरांना १९१३ साहित्याचे नोबेल पारितोषिक मिळाले, मुख्यत्वे इंग्रजी अनुवादासाठी.

गीतांजली हा टागोरांच्या कवितांचा संग्रह आहे ज्यासाठी त्यांना साहित्यातील नोबेल पारितोषिक मिळाले. सर्व वयोगटातील वाचकांना प्रतिध्वनित करणार्‍या प्रत्येक संभाव्य भावनांचा विषय असलेल्या त्यांच्या अनुकरणीय साहित्यिक कार्यासाठी बार्ड आजपर्यंत स्मरणात आहे. त्याने आपल्या पुस्तकांमधून प्रेम, नातेसंबंध, वैवाहिक बलात्कार, लिंग, स्त्रीवाद आणि धर्म या विषयांवर आकर्षक माहिती दिली आहे. Ghare Baire, Jogajog, Nastanirh, Gora and Chokher Bali या त्यांच्या काही प्रसिद्ध कलाकृतींचा समावेश आहे .

भारत, बांग्लादेश आणि श्रीलंका या तीन देशांची राष्ट्रगीत लिहिणारी एकमेव बंगाली बहुपयोगी आहे. वसाहतवादापासून मुक्ततेचे महत्त्व आणि ते मिळवण्यासाठी काय आवश्यक आहे याबद्दल बोलणारे ‘मन कुठे आहे’ असो किंवा ‘जन गण मन’ जो एकतेची भावना जागृत करतो आणि भारताच्या सांस्कृतिक विविधतेला एकत्र आणतो, याची साक्ष देतो. साहित्य क्षेत्रातील त्यांचे विलक्षण कार्य – त्यांची कामे लोकांच्या हृदयात आणि मनात वर्षानुवर्षे जिवंत आहेत.

7 ऑगस्ट 1941 रोजी टागोर यांचे निधन झाले. त्यांचा वारसा भारताच्या राष्ट्रगीतामध्ये आणि त्यांच्या वडिलांनी बांधलेल्या शांतिनिकेतन (पश्चिम बंगाल) मध्ये समाविष्ट आहे आणि विश्व भारती विद्यापीठासाठी जगभरात प्रसिद्ध आहे.

Rabindranath Tagore 2022: Quotes in Marathi

“मी झोपलो आणि स्वप्न पाहिले की जीवन आनंद आहे. मी जागे झालो आणि पाहिले की जीवन ही सेवा आहे. मी अभिनय केला आणि पाहा, सेवा हा आनंद आहे.” रवींद्रनाथ टागोर

“विश्वास हा पक्षी आहे जो पहाट अंधार असताना प्रकाश अनुभवतो.” रवींद्रनाथ टागोर

“माझ्या आयुष्यात ढग तरंगत येतात, आता पाऊस किंवा वादळ वाहून नेण्यासाठी नाही, तर माझ्या सूर्यास्त आकाशात रंग भरण्यासाठी.” रवींद्रनाथ टागोर

“प्रत्येक मूल हा संदेश घेऊन येतो की देव अद्याप मनुष्यापासून निराश झालेला नाही.” रवींद्रनाथ टागोर

“मृत्यू प्रकाश विझवत नाही; तो फक्त दिवा विझवत आहे कारण पहाट झाली आहे.” रवींद्रनाथ टागोर

“सर्वोच्च शिक्षण हे आहे जे आपल्याला फक्त माहिती देत नाही तर आपले जीवन सर्व अस्तित्वाशी सुसंगत बनवते.” रवींद्रनाथ टागोर

गीतांजली हा कवी संग्रह कोणी लिहिला?

रवींद्रनाथ टागोर

भारतात पहिला नोबेल पारितोषिक कोणी जिंकला?

रवींद्रनाथ टागोर (1913) साहित्यामध्ये गीतांजलीसाठी

Biography Online

Rabindranath Tagore

Poet, writer and humanitarian, Rabindranath Tagore was the first Indian to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature and he played a key role in the renaissance of modern India. Tagore is most widely known for his poetry, but he was also an accomplished author of novels, short stories, plays and articles. He took an active interest in a widespread range of social, cultural and artistic endeavours. He has been described as one of the first Twentieth Century’s global man.

“So I repeat we never can have a true view of man unless we have a love for him. Civilisation must be judged and prized, not by the amount of power it has developed, but by how much it has evolved and given expression to, by its laws and institutions, the love of humanity.”

Sadhana: The Realisation of Life, (1916)

Short Biography Rabindranath Tagore

Rabindranath began writing from an early age and impressed with his free-flowing style and spontaneous compositions. He mostly rejected formal schooling; he spent much time being taught at home. In 1878 he travelled to England and sought to study law at University College, London, but he left before finishing the degree.

After returning to India, in 1901, Tagore moved to Shantiniketan to found an ashram which became his focal point for writing and his view on schooling. He chose the name for the ashram – Shantiniketan meaning ‘Abode of Peace.’

“Love is the ultimate meaning of everything around us. It is not a mere sentiment; it is truth; it is the joy that is at the root of all creation.”

– Tagore, Sādhanā : The Realisation of Life (1916)

Friendship with Gandhi

Tagore was firm friends with Gandhi and admired him very much. But, despite this friendship, he could be critical of his views. For example, he disagreed with Gandhi’s views on Swaraj protests and upbraided Gandhi when Gandhi claimed an earthquake was ‘divine retribution for the mistreatment of Dalits in India.’ Yet despite the frequent divergence of opinions, they could admire each other. When Gandhi went on a fast unto death, it was Tagor who was able to persuade Gandhi to give up his fast and look after his health.

Nobel Prize for Literature 1913

In 1913, Tagore was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature for his work ‘ Gitanjali ‘ This made his writings internationally known and his fame spread throughout the world.

“My debts are large, my failures great, my shame secret and heavy; yet I come to ask for my good, I quake in fear lest my prayer be granted.” – Gitanjali

Rabindranath Tagore with Einstein

This gave Tagore the opportunity to travel extensively giving lectures and recitals in many different countries. He also became acquainted with many of the leading cultural contemporaries of the day; this included W.B.Yeats, George Bernard Shaw , Romain Rolland, Robert Frost and Albert Einstein .

Tagore had a great love for nature and many of his poems invoke the simple beauties of the natural world. For Tagore, his religion could be found in the wonders and mysteries of nature – as much as in temples and sacred books.

Tagore was a prolific composer of music. He composed over 2,000 songs which have been popularised and sung widely across Bengal. Like his literature, he broke away from classical constraints to offer a great emotive and spiritual appeal. Tagore is unique for being the official composer for the national anthem of two countries – India’s Jana Gana Mana and Bangladesh’s Amar Shonar Bangla .

Tagore was an opponent of British imperialism, though he also felt Indians had a duty to improve their self-education; he said that British rule was partly due to the state India had fallen into. In particular, he was very denigrating about India’s obsession with caste.

‘the ultimate truth in man is not in his intellect or his possessions; it is in his illumination of mind, in his extension of sympathy across all barriers of caste and colour, in his recognition of the world, not merely as a storehouse of power, but as a habitation of man’s spirit, with its eternal music of beauty and its inner light of the divine presence.’ – Tagore, The Poet’s Religion’ in Creative Unity (1922) [ 1 ]

In 1919, Tagore returned his knighthood in protest at the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, in which many peaceful Indian protesters were killed.

Tagore was a polymath, and towards the end of his life he took up art and also pursued an interest in science. Tagore was also very much an internationalist, criticising nationalism, though also writing songs and articles in support of the general principle of the Indian independence movement.

“Patriotism cannot be our final spiritual shelter; my refuge is humanity. I will not buy glass for the price of diamonds, and I will never allow patriotism to triumph over humanity as long as I live. “

– Rabindranath Tagore

Tagore view on Religion

Tagore had mixed views on religion. He was brought up in a traditional Hindu family and taught to pray and meditate from an early age. He remembers the peace of mind he developed from chanting the Gayatri Mantra, but at the same time was detached from the more formalistic aspects of religion. He tended to see religion as not scriptures and places of worship but the life we lead. As he explained:

“My religion is my life – it is growing with my growth – it has never been grafted on me from outside.” ~ Tagore to Robert Bridges, 8 July 1914.

He was keen to avoid any fanaticism and saw the strength of his own Hindu religion as its ability to see more than one path to the goal. His life-long aspiration was to see a harmony of religions flourish in India – not from mere tolerance but an appreciation of the different merits other religions had.

‘The Idea of freedom to which India aspired was based upon realization of spiritual unity…India’s great achievement, which is still stored deep within her heart, is waiting to unite within itself Hindu, Moslem, Buddhist and Christian, not by force, not by the apathy of resignation, but in the harmony of active cooperation.’ ~ Tagore in Berlin, 1921.

However, he was also critical of the Hindu caste system.

Tagore’s poetry frequently hint at a mystical view of the world.

“In this playhouse of infinite forms I have had my play, and here have I caught sight of him that is formless.” – Gitanjali “The human soul is on its journey from the law to love, from discipline to liberation, from the moral plane to the spiritual.” Sādhanā : The Realisation of Life (1916)

Tagore died on 7th August 1941, after a long and painful illness, aged 80. He died in his family home.

Citation: Pettinger, Tejvan . “ Rabindranath Tagore ”, Oxford, UK www.biographyonline.net , 1st Jun. 2009. Last updated 1 March 2019.

Stories From Tagore

Stories From Tagore at Amazon

The Essential Tagore

The Essential Tagore at Amazon

External Links

Short poems of Rabindranath Tagore
Tagore Bio at Nobel.org

Learn Dunia

Rabindranath Tagore Biography: A Journey Through Words and Wisdom

Rabindranath Tagore, or Gurudev, occupies a towering position in Indian literature and cultural history. Born on May 7, 1861, in Calcutta (now Kolkata) , India, Tagore emerged from a family renowned for its intellectual and artistic pursuits. His father, Debendranath Tagore , was a prominent philosopher and leader of the Brahmo Samaj, a socio-religious reform movement. At the same time, his mother, Sarada Devi , provided a nurturing environment steeped in spirituality and creativity.

Rabindranath Tagore is credited with writing the national anthems of both India and Bangladesh. “ Jana Gana Mana ” serves as the national anthem of India, while “ Amar Shonar Bangla ” is the national anthem of Bangladesh. Both anthems are derived from Tagore’s Rabindra Sangeet, reflecting his profound influence on the cultural heritage of both nations.

Rabindranath Tagore Biography

Biography Highlight Table for Rabindranath Tagore

Early life and education.

Tagore’s early years were shaped by the rich tapestry of Bengali culture, which fostered his innate talent and curiosity. He received a diverse education, blending traditional Indian learning with Western literature and philosophy exposure. This multidimensional upbringing laid the foundation for his future endeavors and shaped his inclusive worldview.

Family Background

The Tagore name originates from the anglicized version of “Thakur.” Originally, the Tagore family surname was Kushari, and they belonged to the Pirali Brahmin community. The Tagores hailed from Kush, a village in the Burdwan district of West Bengal. Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyaya, Rabindranath Tagore’s biographer, explained in his book “Rabindrajibani O Rabindra Sahitya Prabeshak” that the Kusharis were descendants of Deen Kushari, the son of Bhatta Narayana. Maharaja Kshitisura granted Deen a village called Kush in Burdwan district, where he became its chief and became known as Kushari.

Literary Career

Tagore’s literary career spanned various genres, each marked by unparalleled creativity and depth.

Poetry: Tagore’s poetic genius blossomed early, with his first collection, “Kabi Kahini” (The Poet’s Tale), published when he was just 16. His poetry, characterized by its lyrical beauty and spiritual depth, explored themes of love, nature, and the human condition. Works like “Gitanjali” (Song Offerings) brought him international acclaim and earned him the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913.
Prose: Besides poetry, Tagore excelled in prose writing, crafting novels and short stories that reflected the complexities of Indian society. His novels, such as “Gora” and “Ghare-Baire” (The Home and the World), tackled issues of identity, nationalism, and the clash between tradition and modernity.
Playwriting: Tagore’s contributions to the theater were equally significant. He penned numerous plays, blending poetic language with social and philosophical themes. Works like “Chitra” and “Raktakarabi” (Red Oleanders) showcased his ability to weave compelling narratives that resonated with audiences.
Songwriting: Tagore’s musical compositions, Rabindra Sangeet, revolutionized Bengali music. With over 2,000 songs to his credit, he infused soul-stirring melodies with profound lyrics, covering many themes from patriotism to spirituality.

Tagore’s Influence on Literature and Society

Tagore’s impact on literature and society transcended geographical and cultural boundaries. His works, translated into numerous languages, continue to inspire readers and artists worldwide. Through his writings, Tagore explored the intricacies of the human experience, offering insights that remain relevant to this day.

Social and Political Activism

Beyond his literary pursuits, Tagore was deeply engaged in social and political activism. He advocated for education reform, founding the experimental school Shantiniketan, which emphasized holistic learning and artistic expression. Tagore also played a prominent role in the Indian nationalist movement, using his platform to champion the cause of freedom and social justice.

Education and Philanthropy

In 1878, Rabindranath Tagore embarked on a journey to London for his studies. Initially enrolled in law courses at University College London, he soon veered towards his true passions. Tagore opted to delve into English Literature, immersing himself in the rich literary traditions of England, Ireland, and Scotland.

Despite his legal studies, writing had always been a fervent passion for Tagore. His literary journey began at a remarkably young age, when he penned his first poem, “Abhilash,” at the tender age of 13. This poem was later published in the Tattvabodhini magazine in 1874, marking the auspicious beginning of Tagore’s illustrious literary career.

Tagore’s commitment to education extended beyond Shantiniketan. He believed in the transformative power of learning and supported various educational initiatives throughout his life. Tagore’s philanthropic endeavors aimed to uplift marginalized communities and promote cultural exchange and understanding.

Rabindranath Tagore At Shantiniketan

Tagore’s disdain for traditional schooling methods is vividly portrayed in his short story “The Parrot’s Training,” in which a bird is confined and fed textbook pages until its demise. This sentiment fueled his vision for a new kind of educational institution. During a visit to Santa Barbara in 1917, Tagore envisioned creating a university to bridge the gap between India and the world, transcending national and geographical boundaries.

The culmination of this vision was the establishment of Visva-Bharati, with its foundation stone laid on December 24, 1918, and its inauguration precisely three years later. Tagore implemented a brahmacharya system, where gurus provided personalized guidance to students on emotional, intellectual, and spiritual levels. Classes often took place outdoors under the shade of trees, fostering a close connection with nature.

Tagore was deeply involved in the school’s affairs, contributing his Nobel Prize winnings and dedicating himself to the role of steward-mentor at Santiniketan. He taught classes in the mornings and devoted afternoons and evenings to writing textbooks for the students. Between 1919 and 1921, Tagore embarked on fundraising efforts in Europe and the United States to support the school’s growth and development.

Nationalism and Patriotism

While Tagore initially supported Indian nationalism, his views evolved. He emphasized the importance of humanism and universalism, cautioning against the dangers of narrow nationalism. Tagore’s vision of patriotism was inclusive, rooted in a deep love for humanity and a commitment to universal values.

Journey Back Home: Mixing Cultures and Growing as an Artist in India

After coming back to India, Rabindranath Tagore got deeply involved in English, Irish, and Scottish literature and music, which really shaped his art. He also got married to Mrinalini Devi, who was only ten years old at that time.

List of Awards won by Rabindranath Tagore

In 1913, Tagore became the first non-European to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for his profound and lyrical poetry collection, “Gitanjali.” This prestigious accolade brought global recognition to Tagore’s literary genius and cemented his place in literary history.

Tagore’s Philosophy and Ideals

At the core of Tagore’s philosophy were ideals of harmony, freedom, and the pursuit of truth. He believed in the interconnectedness of all beings and advocated for love, empathy, and understanding as the cornerstones of a harmonious society.

Personal Life and Relationships

Tagore’s personal life was marked by profound relationships that influenced his work and worldview. His marriage to Mrinalini Devi and his close bond with his sister-in-law, Kadambari Devi, deeply impacted his emotional and creative life, serving as sources of inspiration for his literary endeavors.

Rabindranath Tagore’s Travel Journey

During his lifetime, Rabindranath Tagore traveled extensively, spanning over thirty countries across five continents. His journey began in 1878 and continued until 1933, taking him to diverse destinations such as England, the United States, Japan, Southeast Asia, and Europe. Along the way, Tagore engaged with prominent figures, including Albert Einstein, Robert Frost, and George Bernard Shaw. He shared his insights on nationalism, culture, and humanity, advocating for understanding and harmony among nations. Tagore’s travels left an indelible mark on his worldview, enriching his literary and philosophical contributions and fostering cultural exchange on a global scale.

Tagore’s Last Days and Legacy

Tagore passed away on August 7, 1941, at his family estate in Calcutta. However, his legacy continues, inspiring generations of writers, artists, and activists worldwide. Tagore’s timeless works and progressive ideals testify to the enduring power of literature and the human spirit.

Career Facts

1961, Satyajit Ray wrote and directed the Indian documentary film “Rabindranath Tagore” to commemorate Tagore’s birth centenary. The film was produced by the Government of India’s Films Division.
Serbian composer Darinka Simic-Mitrovic utilized Tagore’s text for her song cycle “Gradinar” in 1962.
American composer E. Anne Schwerdtfeger was commissioned in 1969 to compose “Two Pieces,” a work for women’s chorus based on Tagore’s text.
Sukanta Roy’s Bengali film “Chhelebela” (2002) featured Jisshu Sengupta portraying Tagore.
Bandana Mukhopadhyay’s Bengali film “Chirosakha He” (2007) cast Sayandip Bhattacharya as Tagore.
Rituparno Ghosh’s Bengali documentary film “Jeevan Smriti” (2011) starred Samadarshi Dutta as Tagore.
In Suman Ghosh’s Bengali film “Kadambari” (2015), Tagore was portrayed by Parambrata Chatterjee.

Rabindranath Tagore’s life and legacy testify to the transformative power of literature, art, and humanitarianism. His profound insights, literary accomplishments, and unwavering commitment to universal values continue to inspire and enrich lives across the globe, ensuring that his legacy remains vibrant and enduring for generations to come.

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Frequently Asked Questions

1. was rabindranath tagore a nobel laureate.

Yes, Tagore was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913 for his collection of poems, “Gitanjali.”

2. What is Rabindra Sangeet?

Rabindra Sangeet refers to Tagore’s musical compositions, which blend poetic lyrics with soul-stirring melodies.

3. What were Tagore’s views on nationalism?

Tagore initially supported Indian nationalism but later emphasized a more inclusive and humanistic approach rooted in empathy and understanding.

4. How did Tagore’s works transcend cultural boundaries?

Tagore’s universal themes and profound insights into the human condition resonated with readers worldwide, transcending cultural and linguistic barriers.

Rabindranath Tagore Wiki, Age, Death, Wife, Children, Family, Biography & More

Poet, playwright, novelist, artist, essayist, short story writer, painter, educationist, spiritualist, lyricist, composer, and singer – Rabindranath Tagore was, in fact, a true polymath whose creative works and philosophies not only inspired the people of the 19th and the 20th century but which still influence billions of people globally. A Bengali literary giant and Nobel laureate, Tagore was born, grew up, worked, and died in Bengal.

I slept and dreamt that life was joy. I awoke and saw that life was service. I acted and behold, service was joy.” – Tagore (function(v,d,o,ai){ai=d.createElement('script');ai.defer=true;ai.async=true;ai.src=v.location.protocol+o;d.head.appendChild(ai);})(window, document, '//a.vdo.ai/core/v-wikibio-in/vdo.ai.js');

Wiki/Biography

Rabindranath Tagore was born as Robindronath Thakur [1] Colloquial Bengali By Mithun B. Nasrin, W.A.M Van Der Wurff on Tuesday, 7 May 1861 ( age 80 years; at the time of death ) in his ancestral home “Jorasanko mansion” (Jorasanko Thakur Bari), Calcutta, Bengal Presidency, British India (present-day Kolkata, West Bengal, India).

Rabindranath Tagore in his childhood

His forefathers had migrated from their native place to Govindpur (now Gobindapur), one of the three villages that later constituted the city of Calcutta (now Kolkata), where they went on to become an affluent family after acquiring several properties in the area through commercial and banking activities. Reportedly, the Tagore family was benefitted from the growing influence of the British East India Company. Rabindranath grew up in Jorasanko Thakur Bari that was filled with musical, literary, and dramatic pursuits as most of his family members were poets, musicians, playwrights, and novelists.

Jorasanko Thakur Bari, where Rabindranath Tagore grew up

By the time he was growing up, primary schools were set up by the colonial administration in India. Tagore was mostly home-tutored; it was a regular norm for affluent Bengali families to hire private tutors for their children in those times. [2] OpenEdition He attended one of the Bengali-medium schools established by Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar (an Indian educator and social reformer of the 19th century), and later in his life, Tagore said that he owed his love of Bengali language and literature to this school. Although he attended a number of English-speaking schools, he never liked their teaching method; moreover, he never wished to be taught in a foreign language. By the age of 14, Tagore had gradually started withdrawing himself from formal schooling, and for the rest of his education, he preferred home-tutoring and his own personal efforts to learn various subjects. He also learned lessons in wrestling, music, and drawing from professionals. His father, Devendranath, gave him lessons in Sanskrit, astronomy, and the scriptures, which formed the basis of Tagor’s reformed religion. In 1878, after his matriculation, the 17-year-old Rabindranath Tagore was sent to London to qualify for the Indian Civil Service or as a lawyer, where he joined University College. Earlier, he had enrolled at a public school in Brighton, East Sussex, England, where he stayed at a house owned by the Tagore family near Brighton and Hove in Medina Villas. [3] Hindustan Times While studying at University College, London, Tagore became exposed to British social life and Western music, and he enjoyed both.

Rabindranath Tagore in England in 1879

However, he didn’t complete his education in London and returned home after eighteen months. Back at home, he continued brushing himself in creative writing and music. In 1940, he was awarded an honorary doctorate by Oxford University. [4] The Economic Times

Parents & Siblings

His father, Debendranath Tagore, was a Bengali philosopher and religious savant who founded the Brahmo religion in 1848. His father died on 19 January 1905 at the age of 87.

Rabindranath Tagore’s father, Debendranath Tagore

His father was well versed in European philosophy, and he was considered an influential figure of the newly awakened phase of Bengali society. Although his father was deeply religious, he did not accept all aspects of Hinduism, a trait carried by Rabindranath in the coming years. His mother, Sarada Devi, was a homemaker who died in 1875.

Rabindranath Tagore’s mother, Sarada Devi

Rabindranath Tagore’s paternal grandfather, Dwarkanath Tagore, is considered one of the first Indian industrialists and entrepreneurs who significantly contributed to the Bengal Renaissance.

Rabindranath Tagore’s grandfather, Dwarkanath Tagore

In 1828, Dwarkanath Tagore joined the nineteenth-century social and religious reformer Raja Rammohan Roy in his religious reform movement called the Brahma Samaj Movement, a movement that was meant to reform Hindu society. Later, Debendranath Tagore (Rabindranath’s father) also joined the Brahma Samaj Movement, and in 1863, he established a meditation centre called ‘Santiniketan’ (the Abode of Peace) on some land about 100 miles from Calcutta. Rabindranath had 13 siblings. Reportedly, Rabindranath was the youngest and the fourteenth child of his parents. His oldest brother, Dwijendranath (1840–1926), was a poet, music composer, and an accomplished scholar.

Rabindranath Tagore (right) with his eldest brother, Dwijendranath Tagore

Dwijendranath is believed to have initiated shorthand and musical notations in Bengali, and he also translated Kalidasa’s Meghdoot into Bengali. Tagore’s second oldest brother, Satyendranath (1842–1923), was the first Indian to join the elite and formerly all-European Indian Civil Service.

Rabindranath Tagore’s elder brother Satyendranath Tagore

His third oldest brother, Hemendranath (1844–1884), was a spiritual seer and Yogi who contributed substantially to the development of modern Brahmoism, which is now termed as “Adi Dharm” religion.

Rabindranath Tagore’s elder brother Hemendranath Tagore

His fourth oldest brother was Birendranath (1845–1915). Tagore’s elder brother Jyotirindranath (1849–1925) was a scholar, music composer, artist, and theatre personality.

Rabindranath Tagore (left) with his elder brother Jyotirindranath Tagore

The names of his other brothers are Punyendranath, Budhendranath, and Somendranath. Tagore’s eldest sister, Soudamini, was a gifted writer and one of the first students of Bethune School. His elder sister Swarnakumari (1855–1932) was also a gifted writer, song-composer, editor, and social worker.

Rabindranath Tagore’s elder sister Swarnakumari

The names of his other elder sisters are Sukumari and Saratkumari. All his sisters were known for their beauty and education.

Wife & Children

On 9 December 1883, the 22-year-old Tagore got married to an 11-year-old Mrinalini Devi (born Bhabatarini). [5] Feminism In India Mrinalini Devi was born in 1873 and died in 1902. Mrinalini died within a span of 19 years of their marriage, and since then, Tagore never married in his life. In a letter that Tagore had once written to his wife, he expressed his feelings for Mrinalini, he wrote –

If you and I could be comrades in all our work and in all our thoughts it would be splendid, but we cannot attain all that we desire.” [6] The Economic Times Rabindranath Tagore with his wife, Mrinalini Devi, in 1883

The couple had five children – two sons, Rathindranath Tagore and Shamindranath Tagore, and three daughters, Renuka Tagore, Madhurilata Tagore, and Meera Tagore.

Rabindranath Tagore’s son Rathindranath and daughters Madhurilata Devi (Bela), Mira Devi, and Renuka Devi

Rabindranath Tagore at the wedding of his Son Rathindranath Tagore (second from left) – his Daughter-in-law Pratima (second from right), and two Daughters, in 1909

His son Rathindranath Tagore (1888-1961) was an Indian educationist and agronomist who was also the first vice-chancellor of Visva-Bharati University, founded by Rabindranath Tagore in 1921.

Rathindranath Tagore

Tagore’s daughter Madhurilata (1886-1918) was also called “Bela.” Bela was the first child of Rabindranath and Mrinalini Devi.

Rabindranath Tagore with his daughter Madhurilata

Reportedly, Bela was very beautiful, and she was the most dearly loved daughter to Rabindranath. Once, Tagore said about her –

My eldest daughter Bela… was exceptionally beautiful in body and mind.” [7] The Scottish Centre of Tagore Studies Rabindranath Tagore and Mrinalini Devi with their first child, Bela, in 1886

Tagore’s daughter Renuka Tagore (1890-1904) died when she was only thirteen years old. Tagore was very close to Renuka, and when Renuka was suffering from tuberculosis, he took her to the Himalayas in May 1903, so that she could get a fresh climate. It was a long and difficult journey to the Himalayas, and during this journey, Tagore wrote many poems for children and published them as Sisu (The Child, 1903); the book later became popular with the title ‘The Crescent Moon.’ [8] The Scottish Centre of Tagore Studies Tagore’s third and the youngest daughter’s name was Mira (1892-1962), who was also called Atasi. Mira had a broken marriage as her husband turned out to have temperamental and drug addiction issues. Once, Tagore lamented over the wrong choice of husband for his daughter Mira, he wrote –

How can I be so cruel to Mira when it was I who had dealt the first blow in her life by marrying her off without thinking carefully enough about it? … There is a barbarity about Nagen which Mira has come to dread. … Her life is already destroyed, now it is for me to protect her and make her as happy as possible. I must bear as much pain for it as I can because I am responsible for her misery.” [9] The Scottish Centre of Tagore Studies Rabindranath Tagore’s daughter Mira

Tagore’s youngest child was his son Shamindranath Tagore who was born in 1896 and died in 1907.

Other Relatives

Bollywood actress Sharmila Tagore ‘s maternal grandmother, Latika Tagore, was the granddaughter of Rabindranath Tagore’s brother Dwijendranath. In an interview, while talking about her surname, the actress said,

I don’t have that much authority on Tagore but yes I have a wonderful surname. It’s my heritage and it has opened many doors for me. It’s a privilege to be born in such a household. He unfortunately died three years before I was born so I could not have any direct interaction with him. But I have heard great stories from my mother.” [10] The Indian Express

The Untold Love Story

Reportedly, his sister-in-law Kadambari Devi (wife of Tagore’s elder brother Jyotirindranath) was his muse. Kadambari was two years younger than Tagore. Even today, their love story still remains enigmatic. In his masterpiece autobiography “Chelebela” (My Boyhood Days), Tagore depicts his first glimpse of Kadamabari. He writes,

A new bride came to the house, slender gold bracelets on her delicate brown hands…I circled around her at a safe distance, but I did not dare to go near. She was enthroned at the centre of affection and I was only a neglected, insignificant child …” [11] Feminism In India Kadambari Devi

Although Kadambari was not an educated woman, it is said that she understood poetry better than the poet himself. It is believed that Kadambari played a significant part in Tagore’s life. It was Kadambari who inspired Tagore in composing many of his poems, and she also used to give her creative feedback and comments to Tagore. Tagore even nicknamed her after Hecate, the Greek goddess of night, moon, and magic. When Tagore was 19 years old, he dedicated his famous lyrics to Kadambari –

Tomarei koriachhi jibaner dhrubo tara (Thou art the guiding beacon of my life)” [12] Feminism In India

Kadambari committed suicide on 21 April 1884 in mysterious circumstances. Kadambari’s death left Tagore completely broken. After her death, Tagore wrote a letter to his close associate C. F. Andrews in which he expressed his grief for Kadambari, he wrote –

But where is the sweetheart of mine who was almost the only companion of my boyhood and with whom I spent my idle days of youth exploring the mysteries of dreamland? She, my Queen, has died and my world has shut against the door of its inner apartment of beauty which gives on the real taste of freedom.” [13] Feminism In India

Tagore went on to write many poems and songs in her memory. In one such lyrics, which is also a popular Rabindra Sangeet, Tagore wrote –

Tobu Mone Rekho (Pray, love, remember)”

In another song that he composed in Kadambari’s memory, he wrote –

Amaar praner pore chole gelo ke (The one who went out of my life)” [14] Feminism In India

A Complicated Relationship

Rabindranath Tagore had a brief romantic encounter with an Argentine writer and intellectual, Victoria Ocampo (born on 7 April 1890; died on 27 January 1979). [15] The Week

Rabindranath Tagore and Victoria Ocampo (both sitting)

Victoria was a great admirer of Tagore’s literary works. In November 1924, while Tagore was on his way to Peru to attend the centenary celebrations of independence, he had to stop in Buenos Aires for medical rest on 6 November 1924. When Victoria came to know about Tagore’s arrival in Buenos Aires, she offered to take care of him, and she took care of Tagore during his 58-day stay in the city. Reportedly, it was during this time that Tagore developed a romantic relationship with Ocampo.

Rabindranath Tagore with Victoria Ocampo

At the time of Tagore’s visit, Ocampo was going through a state of transition after the break up with her husband and having a love affair with her cousin. Amid this mental turmoil, Ocampo looked up to Tagore as a Guru from the East who might enlighten her soul and pave a new path for her; however, the 63–year-old widower poet mistook the 34-year-old Ocampo’s devotion as inviting signals. For Tagore, it was a kind of love that he had been waiting for a long time to vanish his intellectual loneliness; Tagore expressed this feeling in his poem Shesh Basanth (the last spring) that he wrote on 21 November 1924 during his stay as the guest of Ocampo. Tagore wrote,

While walking on my solitary way I met you at the dusk of nightfall I was about to ask you take my hand When I gazed at your face and was afraid For I saw there the glow of the fire that lay asleep In the deep of your heart’s dark silence”

In her autobiography, Ocampo described Tagore’s advances. She wrote,

One afternoon, as I came into his room while he was writing, I leaned towards the page which was on the table. Without lifting his head towards me he stretched his arm, and in the same way as one gets hold of a fruit on a branch, he placed his hand on one of my breasts. I felt a kind of shudder of withdrawal like a horse whom his master strokes when he is not expecting it. The animal cried at once within me. Another person who lives inside me warned the animal, ‘ be calm… fool’ It is just a gesture of pagan tenderness. The hand left the branch after that almost incorporeal caress. But he never did it again. Every day he kissed me on the forehead or the cheek and took one of my arms, saying “such cool arms.”

Victoria Ocampo gifted Tagore an armchair to take to India from Buenos Aires. Tagore used to sit on the chair for about two months during November-December in 1924 during his stay in Buenos Aires as Ocampo’s guest; the chair is still preserved in Shantiniketan. Reportedly, in his last years, Tagore used to relax in that chair, and he even wrote a poem about it in April 1941. He wrote,

Yet again, if I can, will l look for that seat On the top of which rests, a caress from overseas I knew not her language Yet her eyes told me all Keeping alive forever A message of pathos” Rabindranath Tagore sitting on the armchair gifted by Victoria Ocampo

On Tagore’s demise, Ocampo sent a telegram to Tagore’s son that read ‘Thinking of him’ (pensando en el); this inspired the title of the 2018 Argentine film ‘Thinking of Him’ that explores the relationship between Rabindranath Tagore and Victoria Ocampo.

Thinking of Him film poster

Religion/Religious Views

Although Rabindranath Tagore adhered to Brahmoism, a philosophy of Brahmo Samaj founded by Raja Rammohan Roy, he never believed in any religious institutions or practices, whether they constituted Hinduism, Islam, or Christianity . Tagore’s religion was, in fact, based on the ‘divinization of man’ and the ‘humanization of God.’ While explaining the meaning of the ‘humanization of God,’ Tagore said,

Humanization of God does not merely mean that God is God of humanity but also it mean that it is the God in every human being.”

Tagore’s conception of God, unity, and equality found spontaneous expression in several of his addresses, poems, and novels. Tagore was born when India was transitioning from medieval to modern times. He grew up in an atmosphere of religious fervor. While growing up, among Tagore’s greatest influences was the liberalism of the Brahmo Samaj, founded by Raja Rammohan Roy on the basis of a synthesis of all religions. He was also greatly impressed by the Baul singers of Bengal; Baul singers are wandering saints who do not belong to any religious establishment nor do they go to any place of worship. In the article ‘An Indian Folk Religion’ in his book Creative Unity, Tagore formally interprets the humanistic philosophy of Baul singers. Tagore was also influenced by the philosophy of Kabir, and he translated almost one hundred couplets of Kabir into English; in Kabir, he found religious philosophy of love, a unbiased view of religion, and a spiritualist faith in man. Tagore quoted Kabir’s philosophy in Gitanjali. He wrote,

He is there where the tiller is tilling the hard ground and where the path-maker is breaking stones.”

A major influence on Tagore’s approach to religion was the Upanishads and the Bhagavad Gita. In the preface of his book Sadhana, a book on spirituality, Tagore wrote,

To me, the verses of the Upanishads and the teachings of Buddha have ever been things of the spirit and therefore endowed with boundless vital growth, and I have used them, both in my own life and in my preaching as being instinct with special meaning for me.”

Despite the fact that Tagore was heavily influenced by Upanishad thinkers, the humanistic teachings of Lord Buddha and the Bauls, and the mystic teachings of saints, his philosophy of religion is the product of his own thought process. [16] International Journal of English Language, Literature in Humanities – Volume 6, Issue 1

According to Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyaya, one of the biographers of Rabindranath Tagore, the Tagores were Rarhi Brahmins who belonged to a village named Kush in the Burdwan district of West Bengal, and their original surname was Kushari. Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyaya wrote in the first volume of his book Rabindrajibani O Rabindra Sahitya-prabeshak that,

The Kusharis were the descendants of Deen Kushari, the son of Bhatta Narayana; Deen was granted a village named Kush (in Burdwan zilla) by Maharaja Kshitisura, he became its chief and came to be known as Kushari. [17] Rabindrajibani O Rabindra Sahitya-prabeshak by Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyaya

Some sources claim that Rabindranath Tagore belonged to the inferior caste of Pirali Brahmans, which was considered to be polluted because of their social interactions with Muslims. [18] Sahapedia

Initial Literary Works

The highly cultural and literary environment in the Tagore family inspired Rabindranath to start writing poetry at a very early age. Initially, he published many poems; some anonymously and some under his pen name “Bahanusingha.” Soon, Tagore started contributing to various Bengali magazines, including “Balak” and “Bharati.” Rabindranath Tagore debuted in the world of literature by writing a short story, “Bhikharini” (The Beggar Woman), in 1877. When the 16-year-old Tagore wrote Bhikharini,” it became the first short story in Bengali-language.

Bhikharini by Rabindranath Tagore

In 1882, he published a volume of Bengali verse, Sandhya Sangeet, and it included his famous poem Nirjharer Swapna Bhanga (The awakening of the fountain).

Title page of the first edition of Sandhya Sangeet by Rabindranath Tagore

Between 1884 and 1890, Tagore wrote many poems, prose articles, criticism, plays, and novels.

Shelaidaha (1878–1901) – The period of his Sadhana

In 1890, Tagore visited the United Kingdom for the second time; however, he came back just after a month to look after the family estate, Kuthibari, a three-storied pyramid-shaped terraced bungalow in eleven acres of land, in Shelaidaha (now a region of Bangladesh), where he intimately experienced the wretched life led by the poor Bengali peasants.

Rabindranath Tagore’s Kuthibari or family estate in Bangladesh

Tagore’s wife and children joined him at Shelaidaha in 1898. During his stay in Shelaidaha, he was overwhelmed by the social, political, and economic misery in which the peasants lived. In an article, Tagore described the peasants’ misery, he wrote,

Our so-called responsible classes live in comfort because the common man has not yet understood his situation. That is why the landlord beats him. The money-lender holds him in his clutches; the foreman abuses him; the policeman fleeces him; the priest exploits him; and the magistrate picks his pocket.” Rabindranath Tagore having lunch at Kuthibari in Bangladesh

While managing his family’s ancestral estate in Shelaidaha as a young landlord, Rabindranath Tagore realized that rural life can be transformed by introducing education and co-operation. While speaking on ‘The Vicissitudes of Education,’ he strongly campaigned for the use of the mother-tongue. Reportedly, it was this time that his experiments in teaching came for the first time. Soon, Tagore started his own school in Seliadah, where he sent his own children to study under the tutelage of many skilled teachers including an Englishman who taught them the English language. [19] Tagore’s School and Methodology by Thomas B. KANE, Edinburgh Napier University Apart from starting a school, he also organized co-operatives and hospitals in the villages of his family estate and tried to introduce new and improved farming methods. While pursuing these rural reforms, he continued his creative writing. The greenery, the rivers, and the simplicity of rural Bengal inspired Tagore to write many of his famous essays, short stories, and poems including Sonar Tori, Kotha o Kahini, Chitra, and Chaitali. In 1890, he published Manasi, a collection of poems, which is considered one of his best-known literary works.

Manasi by Rabindranath Tagore

In 1900, he came out with another masterpiece Galpaguchchha, a three-volume composition of 84 stories.

Hardcover of Galpaguchchha by Rabindranath Tagore

During this time, he wrote many letters to his niece, which were subsequently published as Chhinnapatra (Torn letters) and Chhinnapatravali (A collection of torn letters). Most of the poems of Kheya and Naibedya, and many songs, which formed part of Gitanjali and Geetimalya, were also written during his stay in Shelaidaha. It was here in Shelaidaha that he started translating Gitanjali into English in 1912. [20] National Herald These literary works are considered to be landmarks in the writing of Bengali prose and in describing the countryside of Bengal. According to Tagore, the period 1891–1895 was the period of his Sadhana; this period is considered to be his most productive. During his stay in Shelaidaha, Tagore used the family boat (bajra or budgerow), Padma, to criss-cross the Padma River to visit villages to collect token rents. During these visits, he would talk to villagers and listen to their problems; this experience paved the way for Tagore’s later educational experiments.

Tagore family boat, Padma

Santiniketan (1901–1932) – Middle years of Rabindranath Tagore

A map of Tagore’s Santiniketan

Boarding School

In 1901, Tagore left Shelaidaha and moved to Santiniketan, where he started a boarding school, Brahamacharyashram (or Ashram) School, which was inaugurated on 22 December 1901 with only a few pupils, his son being one of them. The theme of the school was to encourage a close bonding between teachers and pupils as they lived together, willingly accepting an austere standard of living. Tagore didn’t accept fees from students and bear all expenses by himself. Later, this Ashram School expanded, growing the poet’s reputation.

Rabindranath Tagore (seated, to left of man at blackboard) at an open-air classroom, Shantiniketan, West Bengal

Rabindranath Tagore (seated, to the left of man at blackboard) at an open-air classroom, Shantiniketan, West Bengal

Literary Work

While living at Santiniketan, Tagore wrote about India’s past and present, and stories of noble self-sacrifice. During this time, he published some of his most popular realistic novels including Choker Bali (1901), Naukadubi (1903), and Gora (1910).

The cover of Naukadubi by Rabindranath Tagore

Nobel Prize

The well-known English painter Sir William Rothenstein and the poet W. B. Yeats became highly impressed by some of Tagore’s poems and writings, which had already been translated into English. In 1912, during his third visit to the United Kingdom, Tagore was accepted as a great poet and intellectual. In November 1913, Rabindranath Tagore was awarded that year’s Nobel Prize in Literature for Gitanjali, Tagore’s best-known collection of poetry, making him the first Asian and first non-European to receive a Nobel Prize in Literature. The Swedish Academy, in its statement, said,

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1913 was awarded to Rabindranath Tagore “because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West.” Rabindranath Tagore Nobel Prize in Literature 1913

In the 1915 Birthday Honours, Rabindranath Tagore was awarded a knighthood by King George V; however, after the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919, Tagore renounced the knighthood by writing a letter to the then British Viceroy of India, Lord Chelmsford. In the letter, Tagore wrote,

The disproportionate severity of the punishments inflicted upon the unfortunate people and the methods of carrying them out, we are convinced, are without parallel in the history of civilised governments…The time has come when badges of honour make our shame glaring in their incongruous context of humiliation, and I for my part wish to stand, shorn of all special distinctions, by the side of my country men.” Rabindranath Tagore’s letter to renounce his knighthood

Visva Bharati

In 1916, Tagore visited Japan and the United States of America, where he delivered lectures, which were later published in two volumes as Nationalism (1917b) and Personality (1917c). Between 1878 and 1932, Tagore travelled more than thirty countries on five continents. This international experience inspired him to establish an institution that emphasized the unity of the world’s cultures and streams of knowledge. On 24 December 1918, he laid the foundation of Visva Bharati in Shantiniketan, West Bengal; Visva Bharati went on to become an international centre of culture and humanistic studies.

Rabindranath Tagore’s Visva Bharati University

Sri Niketan – Abode of Welfare

From 1901 to 1921, Santiniketan developed continuously; however, Tagore wanted some new form of schooling for the village children in India based on life in the countryside. In 1921, Tagore, along with agricultural economist Leonard Elmhirst, started a new school called Shikshasastra in Surul at Sri Niketan to provide an all-round education for village children; the main emphasis of this new school was on agricultural research. At Sri Niketan, handicraft became an essential thing, and it was compulsory for all students to learn a trade.

Rabindranath Tagore’s dream project Sri Niketan

Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi

Rabindranath Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi, the two great representatives of Modern India, shared a great rapport with each other, in fact, the two giants of Modern India are best known by the monikers “Mahatma” (given to Gandhi by Tagore) and “Gurudev” (given to Tagore by Gandhi). Reportedly, Tagore was the first to refer to Gandhi as “Mahatma,” and in respect, Gandhi called him “Gurudev.” It was an Englishman, Charles Freer Andrews, who acted as the link between these two. On Mahatma Gandhi’s return to India, Andrews suggested Tagore invite the members of Mahatma Gandhi’s “Phoenix family” at Santiniketan. In March 1915, Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore met for the first time at Santiniketan.

Rabindranath Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi at Santiniketan in March 1915

After their first meeting, they went on to meet many times. Apart from politics and philosophy, they used to discuss other things like food and diet. Once, Mahatma Gandhi, who was a strict fruitarian, told Tagore,

To fry bread in ghee or oil to make puris is to turn good grain into poison. It must be a slow poison.”

To this, Tagore replied,

I have been eating puris all my life and it has not done me any harm so far.” [21] mkgandhi.org A rare photo of Rabindranath Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi

Although they had developed a good rapport, both had their ideological differences and had different views on science, social and economic development, nationalism, and patriotism. [22] The Economic Times Tagore was sceptical about Mahatma Gandhi’s Non-cooperation Movement and didn’t agree with Gandhi’s philosophy towards “Charkha.” Tagore also criticized Gandhi for linking the Bihar earthquake to the sin of untouchability. Gandhi always took Tagore’s criticisms positively, and they never let their mutual respect for each other to diminish. On his differences with Tagore, Mahatma Gandhi once said,

I started with a disposition to detect a conflict between Gurudev and myself, but ended with a glorious discovery that there was none.” [23] mkgandhi.org Rabindranath Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi greeting each other

In 1940, when Mahatma Gandhi visited Santiniketan along with his wife, Kasturba, it proved to be his last meeting with Tagore. During their meeting, when Tagore requested Gandhi to take Santiniketan under his protection, Gandhi replied,

Who am I to take this institution under my protection?… It carries God’s protection because it is the creation of an earnest soul.” [24] mkgandhi.org Rabindranath Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi

In 1945, Mahatma Gandhi visited Santiniketan for the last time in his life; however, Tagore was not there to host him that time as he had died back in 1941. In his address to the Santiniketan community, Mahatma Gandhi said,

It is my conviction arrived at after a long and laborious struggle that Gurudev as a person was much bigger than his works; bigger even than this institution.” [25] mkgandhi.org

Literary and Artistic Works

Although Tagore is mostly known for his poetry, his dramas, short stories, essays, novels, travelogues, and songs are equally popular. In most of his literary works, the reflection of the lives of common people is very prominent.

The best-known work in poetry by Tagore is Gitanjali that made him the first Asian to win a Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913. Besides Gitanjali, Tagore delivered many more masterpieces including Manasi, Sonar Tori (Golden Boat), and Balaka (Wild Geese). Tagore’s poetic style has a variety of ranges from classical formalism to the comic, visionary, and ecstatic. Tagore’s poetic style is influenced by the works of Vyasa, Kabir, and Ramprasad Sen. The mystic Baul ballads like those of the bard Lalon also influenced Tagore’s poetic style.

Title page of the 1913 Macmillan edition of Tagore’s Gitanjali

Rabindranath Tagore published eight novels, Nastanirh (The Broken Nest) in 1901, Chokher Bali in 1903, Noukadubi in 1906, Gora (Fair-Faced) in 1910, Ghare Baire (The Home and the World) in 1916, Chaturanga in 1916, Shesher Kabita in 1928, and Jogajog or Yogayog (Crosscurrents) in 1929. Through these novels, Tagore explained Indian nationalism, Indian identity, self-identity, personal freedom, loneliness, etc.

When Tagore was just sixteen, he began his experiences with drama with his brother Jyotirindranath. At the age of twenty, Tagore wrote his first original dramatic piece, Valmiki Pratibha. Tagore’s 1890 drama Visarjan is considered to be his finest drama. Most of his dramas used more philosophical and allegorical themes. Some of his popular dramas are Dak Ghar (1912), Raktakarabi (1926), and Chandalika (1933). His dance-drama adaptations Chitrangada, Chandalika, and Shyama together are known as Rabindra Nritya Natya.

Short Stories

In 1877, when 16-year-old Tagore wrote Bhikharini, it began his short story writing spree. Tagore is credited to invent the Bengali-language short story genre. Most of his short stories reflect the lives of India’s poor and common people. Some of his most popular short stories are Kabuliwala (published in 1892), Kshudita Pashan (published in 1895), and Atithi (published in 1895).

Songs – Rabindra Sangeet

Tagore was an accomplished song-writer and composer. With around 2,230 songs to his credit, he gave a new category to songs known as Rabindra Sangeet. Most of his songs are influenced by the thumri style of Hindustani music. Tagore’s songs are known to express the entire gamut of human emotion. It is said that –

In Bengal no cultured home where Rabindranath’s songs are not sung or at least attempted to be sung… Even illiterate villagers sing his songs.”

Painting and Drawing

Apart from his literary works, Tagore is also known for his artworks including drawing and painting that he took up at the age of sixty. He made debut appearances in many art galleries in Paris and throughout Europe.

Rabindranath Tagore as a painter

Controversies

Hypocrisy in child marriage.

Tagore is heavily criticized for marrying his three daughters when they were still in their childhood. This is surprising as Tagore had started speaking against child marriages as early as 1887. Bizarrely, Tagore, in his Bengali novella Nashtanirh (The Broken Nest) he wrote at the same time when he was arranging his daughters’ marriages, describes the agony of child marriages. [26] The Scottish Centre of Tagore Studies

German funds against the British Raj

He was allegedly implicated in overthrowing the British Raj from India through German funds, these allegations were based on his dealings with Indian nationalists Subhas Chandra Bose and Rash Behari Bose, and papers confiscated from Indian nationalists in New York. [27] CNN

Aggressive lectures on nationalism

Tagore’s aggressive lectures on nationalism attracted severe criticism from the press, and in 1916, when he visited the USA, a group of radical Indians even conspired to assassinate him; however, he escaped assassination narrowly as his would-be assassins fell into an argument. [28] The Statesman

Waning Years (1932-1941)

During his waning years, Tagore developed more respect for scientific laws, and he used various concepts of biology, physics, and astronomy in his poetry. His stories Se (1937), Tin Sangi (1940), and Galpasalpa (1941) also incorporated scientific intellect in them. Although the last five years of Tagore’s life were marked by chronic pain and illness, the poetry that he wrote during this period is considered among his finest including his politically charged compositions “Chitto Jetha Bhayshunyo” and “Ekla Chalo Re.”

Rabindranath Tagore’s Ekla Chalo Re

In late 1940, Tagore became unconscious and remained comatose for a long time, and after a prolonged agony, the 80-year-old Tagore died on 7 August 1941 in an upstairs room of the Jorasanko mansion, where he was raised in.

The room at Jorasanko Thakur Bari where Rabindranath Tagore breathed his last

Earlier, he had experienced a similar spell of comatose in late 1937 and also underwent a kidney operation. According to some sources, one of the reasons behind his death was prostate cancer. [29] The Times of India

Rabindranath Tagore’s death news in The New York Times

On 30 July 1941, almost a week before his death, Tagore dictated a few lines to A. K. Sen (brother of Sukumar Sen who was the first chief election commissioner of India), which probably became his last poem –

I’m lost in the middle of my birthday. I want my friends, their touch, with the earth’s last love. I will take life’s final offering, I will take the human’s last blessing. Today my sack is empty. I have given completely whatever I had to give. In return if I receive anything—some love, some forgiveness—then I will take it with me when I step on the boat that crosses to the festival of the wordless end.”

Rabindranath Tagore’s last photo clicked in 1941

Tagore’s Legacy

After his demise in 1941, Tagore left behind a legacy of literary intellect, and there are many festivals, awards, buildings, places, and institutions named after him.

There are many festivals named after Tagore that are held every year across the globe including Rabindra Jayanti, an annual cultural festival, prevalent among people who love Tagore and his works; the festival is celebrated in early May, on the 25th day of the Bengali month of Boishakh. Tagore International Literature and Arts Festival is another such annual festival that is celebrated across the globe. On important anniversaries, a procession called Rabindra Path Parikrama takes place during which followers of Tagore walk from Kolkata to Santiniketan reciting his poetry and verses.

Awards & Prizes

There are many awards and honours named after this great polymath including Rabindranath Tagore Literary Prize that was founded in 2018 by US-based independent and non-profit publishing house Maitreya Publishing Foundation (MPF). In 2011, the Government of India established the Tagore Award that carries an amount of Rupees One Crore, a Citation in a Scroll, a Plaque as well as an exquisite traditional handicraft/handloom item. The Rabindra Puraskar or the Rabindra Smriti Puraskar is the highest honorary literary award in West Bengal administered by the Government of West Bengal. In 2011, Sangeet Natak Akademi sponsored Tagore Ratna and Tagore Puraskar; these awards were conferred on the occasion to commemorate 150 birthday of Rabindranath Tagore.

In May 2020, Israel named a street, Rehov Tagore, in Tel Aviv after Rabindranath Tagore on the occasion of the poet’s 159th birthday.

Rehov Tagore, the street named after Rabindranath Tagore in Tel Aviv, Israel

In July 2017, an area in Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic, was named after Rabindranath Tagore; the area is named Thakurova and has a bust of the Nobel laureate.

A bust of Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore in Thakurova area of Prague, the Czech Republic

The Tagore Garden Metro Station, located on the Blue Line of the Delhi Metro, is named after Tagore, and it was opened on 31 December 2005.

The Tagore Garden Metro Station

Rabindranath Tagore Nagar or simply R. T. Nagar is an area in Bangalore, India, that was developed by Bangalore Development Authority (BDA) in the 1970s.

RT Nagar Bengaluru

Rabindra Sarobar (previously known as Dhakuria Lake) is an artificial lake in South Kolkata, which was named after Rabindranath Tagore by the Calcutta Improvement Trust (CIT) in 1958.

Rabindra Sarobar, an artificial lake in South Kolkata

Tagore Town, a neighborhood in Allahabad, India, is named after Rabindranath Tagore; it was built in 1909.

Many universities and institutes have been named after Rabindranath Tagore in various cities across the globe including Rabindra Bharati University in Kolkata, India, Rabindranath Tagore Medical College in Udaipur, Rajasthan, Rabindranath Tagore University in Hojai, Assam, India, Rabindra Srijonkala University in Keraniganj, Dhaka, Bangladesh, and Rabindranath Tagore Secondary School in Mauritius.

There are many buildings in various cities across the globe that are named after Rabindranath Tagore including Rabindra Sadan, a cultural centre and theatre in Kolkata, Rabindra Library (Central) in Assam University, India, Rabindra Nazrul Art Building, Arts Faculty, in Islamic University, Bangladesh, Rabindra Parishad, a multi-purpose cultural centre in Patna, Bihar, India, Tagore Theatre in Chandigarh, India, and Rabindranath Tagore Memorial Auditorium, in Sri Lanka.

Rabindra Sadan in Kolkata

Some of the popular museums named after Rabindranath Tagore are Rabindra Bharati Museum, at Jorasanko Thakur Bari in Kolkata, India, Tagore Memorial Museum, at Shilaidaha Kuthibadi in Shilaidaha, Bangladesh, Rabindra Memorial Museum at Shahzadpur Kachharibari in Shahzadpur, Bangladesh, and Rabindra Bhavan Museum, in Santiniketan, India.

The popular Howrah Bridge over the Hooghly River in West Bengal was renamed Rabindra Setu after Rabindranath Tagore on 14 June 1965.

Rabindra Setu

B. tagorei. Barapasaurus, the only species of a genus of basal sauropod dinosaur from Early Jurassic rocks of India, is named after Rabindranath Tagore.

Facts/Trivia

His paternal grandfather, Dwarkanath Tagore, was the first Indian to travel to Europe, defying the Hindu religious ban of those times that had imposed a ban on travel to Europe.
During his second visit to London, the manuscript of Gitanjali went missing in the London Tube. This thrilling adventure happened when he was on a visit to London to show the English translation of his book Gitanjali to the English painter and art critic William Rothenstein, anticipating he could lobby William Butler Yeats to write an introduction. Tagore took the Tube to Rothenstein’s Hampstead residence and mid-way, he lost the briefcase in which he carried the manuscript. Later, when his son, Rathindranath, inquired with the London Tube authorities, the briefcase was recovered, and thus, the book that brought India its first Nobel saw the light of day. [30] The Hindu
On 25 March 2004, Tagore’s Nobel Prize was stolen from the safety vault of the Visva-Bharati University. Later, the Swedish Academy issued two replicas of Tagore’s Nobel Prize. In 2016, the stolen Nobel Prize was recovered after a baul singer named Pradip Bauri accused of sheltering the thieves was arrested. [31] The Hindu
The 2012 Bengali language film Nobel Chor is inspired by the theft of Tagore’s Nobel Prize.

Rabindranath Tagore in Natir Puja

During India’s struggle for independence, when Mahatma Gandhi and B. R. Ambedkar had a dispute involving separate electorates for untouchables, it was Tagore who intervened and resolved the dispute.

Was the gown lying in the post office or was it really missing, with the post office lying about its disappearance?” [34] Selected Letters of Rabindranath Tagore

Even after religiously following Islamic and Hindu traditions, Tagore’s family played a significant role to introduce Western education in India. They opened many schools and colleges for the study of science and medicine. This amalgamation of tradition and science significantly characterized Tagor’s attitude towards life.

The golden temple of Amritsar comes back to me like a dream. Many a morning have I accompanied my father to this Gurudarbar of the Sikhs in the middle of the lake. There the sacred chanting resounds continually. My father, seated amidst the throng of worshippers, would sometimes add his voice to the hymn of praise, and finding a stranger joining in their devotions they would wax enthusiastically cordial, and we would return loaded with the sanctified offerings of sugar crystals and other sweets.” [35] Mainstream Weekly

Tagore was so inspired by Sikhism that he went on to write six poems on Sikh heroism and martyrdom. He also wrote numerous articles about Sikhism in a Bengali child magazine. [36] Mainstream Weekly
The first time when Tagor was in close proximity to nature was when his father took him to Dalhousie, where they stayed in the Himalayan foothills. At that time, Tagore was in his teenage.
Tagore’s son, Rathindranath wrote in his memoir, On the Edges of Time (1958), that throughout his life, his father “felt lonely.” Rathindranath termed his father’s condition as “intellectual loneliness.” [37] The Statesman

Tagore Memorial and Museum in Bangladesh

The boat used by Rabindranath Tagore at the pond of Shelaidaha Kuthibari, Kushtia

After the death of his father in 1905, the Maharaja of Tripura issued him monthly payments as part of his inheritance and income. Besides, he was also benefitted from sales of his family’s jewellery, his seaside bungalow in Puri, and a derisory Rs. 2,000 in book royalties. [38] Rabindranath Tagore: The Myriad-Minded Man by Krishna Dutta, Andrew Robinson
Rabindranath Tagore’s second experiment with the education that he initiated with the inception of Sri Niketan was so future-oriented that the entire programme followed at Sri Niketan for rural development was adopted by India’s five-year plans.

Our passions and desires are unruly, but our character subdues these elements into a harmonious whole. Does something similar to this happen in the physical world? Are the elements rebellious, dynamic with individual impulse? And is there a principle in the physical world which dominates them and puts them into an orderly organization?” Rabindranath Tagore with Albert Einstein

On 5 May 1930, Tagore sent a message to America in which he quoted that the shrinking of the distance between countries should be used to promote spiritual values, not just commerce.

The Essential Tagore

Tagore had a partial colour vision deficiency, and he was likely red-green colour blind. [40] Natsy by Design
Rabindranath Tagore is the only person in the world whose songs have been adapted as the national anthem in three countries – Jana Gana Mana (India’s national anthem; adopted in 1950), Sri Lanka Matha (Sri Lanka’s national anthem; adopted in 1951), and Amar Shonar Bangla (Bangladesh’s national anthem; adopted in 1971).

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Culture History

Rabindranath Tagore

Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) was a renowned Indian poet, philosopher, and polymath. He became the first non-European Nobel laureate in Literature in 1913 for his collection of poems, “Gitanjali.” Tagore’s contributions extend beyond literature, encompassing music, art, and education. He played a pivotal role in India’s cultural and intellectual renaissance during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Tagore’s legacy includes being the author of the Indian national anthem and a key figure in the movement for India’s independence.

Early Life and Family Background

Rabindranath Tagore, the youngest of the thirteen children of Debendranath Tagore and Sarada Devi, was born into a family deeply entrenched in the cultural and intellectual milieu of 19th-century Bengal. The Tagore family, part of the Brahmo Samaj—a socio-religious reform movement in India—imbibed progressive ideas and a commitment to social change.

Debendranath Tagore, Rabindranath’s father, was a prominent figure in the Brahmo Samaj and a revered philosopher. He played a crucial role in shaping Rabindranath’s early intellectual inclinations. Debendranath’s liberal and inclusive approach to religion and philosophy had a profound impact on the young Tagore, influencing his later thoughts on spirituality and the interconnectedness of humanity.

Growing up in the sprawling Jorasanko Thakur Bari, the ancestral mansion in Calcutta, Rabindranath Tagore experienced a childhood surrounded by the cultural riches of the Tagore family. The house was a hub of artistic and intellectual activities, fostering an environment that nurtured creativity and critical thinking. The family’s significant wealth provided Tagore with the privilege of a well-rounded education and exposure to a diverse range of ideas.

Tagore’s mother, Sarada Devi, known for her unwavering support of her husband’s socio-religious endeavors, played a vital role in shaping the cultural ethos of the Tagore household. Sarada Devi’s influence extended beyond the family; she actively participated in social and charitable activities, embodying the principles of the Brahmo Samaj in her daily life.

Despite the affluence of the Tagore family, Rabindranath’s childhood was not untouched by tragedy. The loss of several siblings during his formative years cast a shadow over his early life. These experiences of grief and loss would later find expression in his poetry and writings, where themes of mortality, transience, and the impermanence of life became recurrent motifs.

Tagore’s formal education began at home, guided by private tutors who recognized his exceptional intellectual abilities. Early exposure to Sanskrit classics, ancient Indian literature, and Western philosophy laid the groundwork for Tagore’s later synthesis of Eastern and Western thought. His voracious appetite for knowledge led him to explore a wide array of subjects, shaping his eclectic intellectual profile.

In addition to his formal education, Tagore’s upbringing included exposure to the vibrant cultural and artistic traditions of Bengal. The family’s association with the Brahmo Samaj introduced him to the reformist spirit of the time, while the rich folk traditions of Bengal left an indelible mark on his creative sensibilities. This intersection of traditional and modern, rural and urban, shaped Tagore’s worldview and artistic expression.

Tagore’s initiation into the world of literature began at an early age. He started writing poetry in his teens, and his first collection, “Bhanushingher Padavali,” was published when he was just sixteen. The poems reflected his deep connection with nature, a theme that would permeate much of his later work. His early poetry also hinted at a spiritual quest, echoing the influence of the Brahmo Samaj’s emphasis on the divine within.

The pivotal moment in Tagore’s personal life occurred in 1883 when he married Mrinalini Devi. The union brought together two influential families—the Tagores and the Devi family of Jessore. The couple had five children, providing Tagore with a new perspective on family life and relationships. Despite the challenges of managing a large family and his literary pursuits, Tagore found inspiration in domesticity, a theme that resonates in many of his later writings.

In the next phase of his life, Tagore’s journey would extend beyond the confines of family and regional influences. His exposure to Western literature, particularly the works of Shakespeare and the Romantic poets, expanded his literary horizons. The confluence of these diverse influences laid the foundation for Tagore’s emergence as a literary giant, poised to transcend cultural and linguistic boundaries.

Educational Journey

Rabindranath Tagore’s educational journey was marked by a blend of traditional learning, self-study, and a quest for knowledge that transcended conventional boundaries. From his early years at home, under the guidance of private tutors, to the establishment of the innovative Santiniketan school, Tagore’s approach to education reflected his commitment to holistic and inclusive learning.

Formally initiated into education by his tutors, Tagore’s early studies encompassed a range of subjects, including literature, mathematics, history, and science. His family’s emphasis on a well-rounded education contributed to the development of his multifaceted intellectual profile. However, Tagore’s education extended far beyond the confines of textbooks and traditional pedagogy.

As a self-directed learner, Tagore delved into the works of both Indian and Western authors, expanding his literary horizons. His exposure to the rich tapestry of Sanskrit classics, Bengali literature, and the poetry of English Romanticists infused his writing with a unique blend of cultural influences. Tagore’s ability to navigate diverse intellectual traditions became a defining feature of his later literary endeavors.

In his teenage years, Tagore’s thirst for knowledge led him to explore the philosophical underpinnings of the Brahmo Samaj, the socio-religious movement that played a significant role in shaping his family’s ethos. The ideals of the Brahmo Samaj, emphasizing monotheism, rationality, and social reform, resonated deeply with Tagore and influenced his early poetry and writings.

The educational landscape in Tagore’s life underwent a transformative phase with the establishment of the experimental school at Santiniketan in 1901. Initially conceived as an alternative educational model, Santiniketan sought to break away from the rigid structures of traditional education prevalent in colonial India. The school, set amidst nature, aimed to provide an environment where learning was not confined to textbooks but embraced the world as a classroom.

Santiniketan’s curriculum was designed to foster a harmonious blend of Eastern and Western educational ideals. The emphasis on experiential learning, close interaction between students and teachers, and a curriculum that integrated arts, humanities, and sciences were groundbreaking in the context of early 20th-century India. Tagore envisioned education as a means to nurture creativity, critical thinking, and a deep appreciation for the interconnectedness of all knowledge.

In 1921, Santiniketan evolved into Visva-Bharati University, with an expanded vision of promoting international understanding through education and culture. The university attracted scholars and students from around the world, creating a cosmopolitan environment that reflected Tagore’s vision of a global community. Visva-Bharati became a hub for intellectual exchange, where discussions on literature, philosophy, and the arts transcended geographical and cultural boundaries.

Tagore’s approach to education at Visva-Bharati was deeply rooted in his belief that learning should not be compartmentalized but should foster a holistic understanding of life. His philosophy of education emphasized the interconnectedness of disciplines, the importance of experiential learning, and the role of the arts in shaping a well-rounded individual. The university’s emphasis on cultivating a spirit of inquiry, creativity, and social responsibility echoed Tagore’s broader vision for societal transformation.

While Tagore’s educational experiments garnered admiration, they also faced criticism from traditionalists who questioned the departure from established educational norms. However, Tagore remained steadfast in his belief that education should be a liberating force, empowering individuals to think critically and contribute meaningfully to society.

Tagore’s educational legacy extends beyond the boundaries of Visva-Bharati. His ideas on education continue to inspire educational thinkers globally, influencing discussions on alternative pedagogies, the integration of arts in education, and the role of education in fostering a global perspective.

Literary Achievements

Rabindranath Tagore’s literary achievements are both vast and profound, encompassing poetry, prose, short stories, novels, plays, and songs. His literary oeuvre, marked by a unique fusion of Eastern and Western influences, has left an indelible mark on the world of literature, earning him global acclaim and the distinction of being the first non-European to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913.

Tagore’s poetic journey began in his teenage years, and his first collection, “Bhanushingher Padavali,” was published when he was just sixteen. However, it was with the publication of “Manasi” in 1890 that he truly announced his arrival as a significant literary voice. The poems in “Manasi” reflected his deep connection with nature, his exploration of spiritual themes, and a keen observation of human emotions.

A turning point in Tagore’s literary career came with the publication of “Gitanjali” in 1910. Translated as “Song Offerings,” this collection of poems captured the essence of Tagore’s spiritual quest and deep reverence for the divine. The lyrical and profoundly philosophical poems resonated with readers around the world and played a pivotal role in earning him the Nobel Prize in Literature. The poem “Where the mind is without fear” from “Gitanjali” became an anthem for those yearning for freedom and enlightenment.

Tagore’s poetry is characterized by its simplicity, yet it carries profound philosophical and spiritual undertones. Nature, love, and a deep sense of introspection are recurring themes in his poetry. His verses often transcend individual experiences to explore universal truths, making them timeless and relatable across cultures.

Beyond poetry, Tagore’s prowess extended to the realm of prose. His short stories, compiled in volumes such as “Galpaguchchha” (Bunch of Stories), showcase his keen insight into human nature and society. These stories often depict the lives of ordinary people in rural Bengal, addressing themes of poverty, exploitation, and the complexities of human relationships. Tagore’s storytelling mastery lies in his ability to capture the nuances of life with simplicity and sensitivity.

Tagore’s novel “The Home and the World” (Ghare-Baire), published in 1916, is a classic exploration of the complexities of love, nationalism, and personal identity. Set against the backdrop of the Swadeshi Movement in Bengal, the novel delves into the conflicts arising from personal and political allegiances. The characters grapple with their own desires, societal expectations, and the tumultuous political climate of the time. Tagore’s narrative skill and nuanced characterization make this novel a timeless exploration of human dilemmas.

In the realm of drama, Tagore’s playwriting brilliance shines through in works like “Chitrangada,” “Muktadhara,” and “Raktakarabi” (Red Oleanders). His plays often blend elements of mythology, social critique, and symbolism. “Chitrangada,” for instance, draws inspiration from a tale in the Mahabharata and explores themes of identity and empowerment. “Raktakarabi” is a powerful critique of tyranny and exploitation, using the symbolism of red oleanders to represent the bloodshed caused by oppressive regimes.

A significant aspect of Tagore’s literary contributions is his vast collection of songs, known as “Rabindra Sangeet.” Composed throughout his life, these songs cover a wide range of themes, from devotional hymns to songs of nature, love, and patriotism. The beauty of Tagore’s musical compositions lies in the seamless integration of his poetic lyrics with emotive melodies. “Rabindra Sangeet” remains an integral part of Bengali cultural heritage, with its timeless appeal crossing linguistic and cultural boundaries.

Tagore’s literary achievements were not confined to traditional forms. He experimented with genres and expressed his thoughts through essays, letters, and even visual art. His essays, collected in volumes such as “Sadhana” and “Nationalism,” reflect his philosophical musings on topics ranging from aesthetics to education and the human spirit. Tagore’s essays are characterized by a profound wisdom that transcends temporal and cultural boundaries.

The impact of Tagore’s literary achievements extends beyond the literary realm. His writings played a crucial role in shaping the intellectual landscape of India during the early 20th century. As a social and cultural critic, Tagore used his pen to advocate for societal reforms, criticize colonial oppression, and promote a harmonious coexistence of diverse cultural traditions.

Internationally, Tagore’s literary acclaim was solidified with the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913. The award not only brought recognition to Tagore but also elevated Indian literature to the global stage. Tagore’s ability to convey the essence of human experience and his universal themes of love, spirituality, and freedom resonated with readers worldwide.

Tagore’s literary achievements are a testament to his multifaceted genius. His works continue to be studied, translated, and celebrated globally, and his impact on literature, music, and the arts endures. As an intellectual luminary, Tagore’s legacy extends beyond his literary creations to encompass his vision for a world where the human spirit transcends borders, and where the arts serve as a bridge between cultures.

Musical Contributions

Rabindranath Tagore’s musical contributions, encapsulated in the genre of “Rabindra Sangeet,” stand as a testament to his artistic brilliance and cultural legacy. As a prolific composer, Tagore created a vast repertoire of songs that transcended regional and linguistic boundaries, becoming an integral part of Bengali cultural heritage and earning him the title of “Bard of Bengal.”

Tagore’s musical journey unfolded organically alongside his literary and philosophical pursuits. From an early age, he displayed a keen interest in music, drawing inspiration from the rich musical traditions of India and the world. His exposure to classical Indian ragas, folk melodies, and Western musical forms fueled his creative exploration, leading to the development of a unique musical idiom.

“Rabindra Sangeet” is a genre of songs that seamlessly integrates Tagore’s poetic lyrics with his emotive melodies. The lyrical depth of his poetry is matched by the nuanced and evocative musical compositions, creating a symbiotic relationship between words and music. Tagore not only composed the music but also wrote the lyrics for the majority of his songs, showcasing his rare ability to weave together the intricacies of language and melody.

One of the distinctive features of “Rabindra Sangeet” is its universality. Tagore composed songs that touched upon a wide spectrum of human emotions and experiences—love, nature, spirituality, patriotism, and the human condition. This breadth of themes contributed to the enduring appeal of his music, making it accessible to people from diverse backgrounds and cultures.

Tagore’s exploration of diverse musical influences is evident in the variety of genres within “Rabindra Sangeet.” While some songs draw from classical Indian ragas, others are inspired by folk tunes or Western musical structures. Tagore’s willingness to experiment with different musical idioms reflects his commitment to creating a truly inclusive and expansive musical language.

The simplicity and accessibility of Tagore’s melodies are key factors in the popularity of his songs. The tunes, often characterized by a melodic fluidity, resonate with listeners on an emotional level. Whether it’s the soulful “Ekla Cholo Re” or the playful “Ore Bhai Phagun Legeche,” Tagore’s music has an innate ability to evoke a range of emotions and connect with the listener’s innermost feelings.

“Rabindra Sangeet” is not limited to the realm of artistic expression but has also played a significant role in shaping cultural and social identity. Tagore’s songs became anthems of the Bengali identity during a time when the region was grappling with political and cultural changes. His compositions, infused with a sense of patriotism and love for one’s roots, provided a cultural anchor for the Bengali community.

Tagore’s vision for “Rabindra Sangeet” extended beyond the confines of individual creativity. He believed in the democratization of music, encouraging people from all walks of life to engage with and perform his songs. This inclusive approach to music aligned with his broader philosophy of fostering a cultural renaissance that embraced diversity and rejected elitism.

The impact of Tagore’s musical contributions extends to educational institutions as well. Visva-Bharati University, founded by Tagore, became a hub for the study and practice of “Rabindra Sangeet.” The university’s emphasis on integrating arts and culture into education allowed students to immerse themselves in the beauty and depth of Tagore’s musical legacy.

Tagore’s influence on music extended to his collaboration with renowned musicians of his time. He worked closely with figures like Dinendranath Tagore, Atul Prasad Sen, and Kazi Nazrul Islam, contributing to the cross-pollination of musical ideas. These collaborations enriched the musical landscape of Bengal and added new dimensions to the evolving tradition of “Rabindra Sangeet.”

The international recognition of Tagore’s musical genius was solidified by the inclusion of “Jana Gana Mana,” a poem he wrote, in the national anthem of India. The power and resonance of Tagore’s words set to music continue to inspire millions of Indians and stand as a testament to the enduring impact of his musical contributions.

Tagore’s musical legacy remains vibrant and relevant in the contemporary world. His compositions are not confined to concert halls or academic settings; they are part of the everyday lives of Bengalis and continue to find new audiences worldwide. The adaptability of “Rabindra Sangeet” has been demonstrated through various interpretations and renditions by artists across genres and cultures.

Philosophical Perspectives

Rabindranath Tagore, a polymath whose intellectual legacy extends far beyond his literary and musical contributions, was a philosopher whose thoughts touched upon a myriad of subjects ranging from spirituality and education to nationalism and humanism. His philosophical perspectives, often deeply rooted in the cultural and intellectual context of his time, reflect a profound engagement with the complexities of existence and a visionary outlook that continues to inspire contemporary thinkers.

At the core of Tagore’s philosophical outlook was a profound spirituality that transcended narrow religious boundaries. Influenced by the Brahmo Samaj, a reformist socio-religious movement in India, Tagore advocated for a spirituality that was universal, emphasizing the divine within each individual. His approach to spirituality was not confined to rituals or dogmas but sought to foster a direct and personal connection with the divine through introspection and a deep appreciation of nature.

Tagore’s philosophy of education was equally revolutionary. The establishment of Santiniketan and later Visva-Bharati University reflected his belief in an education that went beyond the mere accumulation of knowledge. He envisioned an education that nurtured creativity, encouraged critical thinking, and embraced the interconnectedness of disciplines. Tagore’s emphasis on experiential learning, close interaction between students and teachers, and a curriculum that integrated arts, humanities, and sciences challenged the conventional norms of his time.

The concept of “Visva-Bharati” itself embodies Tagore’s vision of a world where the pursuit of knowledge is not confined by geographical or cultural boundaries. It translates to “the communion of the world,” signifying an inclusive and global approach to education and culture. Tagore envisioned Visva-Bharati as a space where East and West could meet, fostering a dialogue between different civilizations to create a richer and more harmonious world.

Tagore’s thoughts on nationalism were nuanced and distinctive. While he actively participated in the Indian nationalist movement, he offered a perspective that went beyond narrow political boundaries. In his essay “Nationalism in India,” Tagore criticized the exclusivity and aggressive nature of certain nationalist sentiments. He argued for a nationalism that embraced cultural diversity and rejected the imposition of a single, homogenous identity. Tagore’s vision of nationalism was rooted in a deep love for one’s culture but not at the expense of understanding and appreciating other cultures.

The interconnectedness of humanity was a recurring theme in Tagore’s philosophy. He believed in the essential unity of all human beings, transcending the divisions created by nationality, race, or religion. Tagore’s emphasis on the universality of human experience and his rejection of narrow identities anticipated the challenges of a globalized world and the importance of fostering mutual understanding and cooperation among diverse cultures.

Tagore’s reflections on the human spirit and its relationship with nature were central to his philosophical musings. His deep connection with nature permeates his poetry, where he often portrayed the natural world as a reflection of the divine. Tagore saw nature as a source of inspiration, a teacher, and a reminder of the interconnectedness of all living beings. His philosophical perspective on nature influenced not only his literature but also his educational ideals, where nature played a pivotal role in the learning process at Santiniketan.

In his collection of essays titled “Sadhana,” Tagore explored the concept of the ideal man and the path to self-realization. He emphasized the importance of harmonizing the material and spiritual aspects of life, advocating for a balanced and integrated approach to human existence. Tagore’s ideas on self-realization and spiritual fulfillment underscored his belief in the transformative power of individual introspection and the pursuit of higher ideals.

Tagore’s philosophical perspectives were not confined to abstract theorizing; they were intricately woven into the fabric of his literary and artistic creations. His poems, essays, plays, and songs collectively formed a mosaic of ideas that reflected his deep engagement with the human experience and his quest for a more enlightened and compassionate world.

Political Involvement

Rabindranath Tagore’s political involvement was marked by a nuanced and visionary approach that distinguished him from many of his contemporaries. While he actively participated in the Indian nationalist movement, his views on politics went beyond conventional boundaries, reflecting a deep concern for the spiritual and cultural aspects of societal transformation.

Tagore’s engagement with politics was evident during a period of significant political upheaval in India. The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw the rise of the Indian nationalist movement against British colonial rule. Tagore, despite being critical of certain aspects of British imperialism, approached the nationalist cause with a distinctive perspective. His vision was not limited to political independence but included a broader call for spiritual and cultural renewal.

In 1905, the partition of Bengal by the British sparked widespread protests in India. Tagore vehemently opposed this divisive move, which sought to create religious and linguistic divisions. His protest took the form of literary and cultural expressions, including the creation of the famous song “Amar Sonar Bangla” (My Golden Bengal), which later became the national anthem of Bangladesh. Tagore’s opposition to the partition showcased his early political awareness and his ability to channel his sentiments through artistic and cultural means.

Despite his participation in nationalist causes, Tagore maintained a critical distance from some aspects of mainstream politics. He was wary of the potential dangers of unchecked nationalism, cautioning against the narrow and exclusionary tendencies that could arise. In his essay “Nationalism in India,” Tagore expressed concerns about the aggressive nature of certain nationalist sentiments, warning against the imposition of a single, homogenous identity that could suppress cultural diversity.

Tagore’s critique of nationalism aligned with his broader philosophical outlook, which emphasized the essential unity of humanity. He believed in the interconnectedness of cultures and rejected the idea of an exclusive national identity that could lead to conflict. Tagore’s vision of nationalism was rooted in a deep love for one’s culture but was not at the expense of understanding and appreciating other cultures. His call for a more inclusive nationalism resonates with contemporary discussions on multiculturalism and diversity.

In the later stages of the Indian nationalist movement, Tagore’s views diverged from some of the more assertive and confrontational approaches. He grew increasingly disillusioned with the trajectory of Indian politics, expressing reservations about the dominant political narratives and strategies. Tagore’s concerns were not limited to the political sphere; they extended to the societal and cultural transformations unfolding in India.

Tagore’s political involvement took a unique turn with his decision to renounce the knighthood conferred upon him by the British Crown in 1919, in protest against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. This symbolic act was both a personal expression of anguish and a powerful political statement. It underscored Tagore’s commitment to moral principles and his refusal to be associated with a regime responsible for the brutal suppression of peaceful protests.

In the realm of international politics, Tagore was an advocate for global understanding and cooperation. His travels and interactions with intellectuals from different parts of the world contributed to his belief in the unity of humanity. Tagore envisioned a world where cultural exchange and dialogue could foster mutual respect and prevent the seeds of conflict from taking root. His commitment to internationalism reflected a deep concern for the well-being of humanity beyond national borders.

Tagore’s engagement with politics was not confined to theoretical discussions; he actively participated in social and educational reforms. The establishment of Santiniketan in 1901 and later its transformation into Visva-Bharati University in 1921 were part of Tagore’s broader vision for societal transformation. Through education and cultural exchange, he sought to create a more enlightened and harmonious society.

Shantiniketan and Visva-Bharati

Shantiniketan, the serene abode of peace, and Visva-Bharati, the university of the world, stand as testaments to Rabindranath Tagore’s visionary ideas in the realm of education and culture. These institutions, founded by Tagore in the early 20th century, were not merely physical spaces but embodied his holistic philosophy of learning, emphasizing the interconnectedness of disciplines, the importance of creative expression, and the universality of knowledge.

Shantiniketan, initially established by Tagore in 1901, emerged as an experimental school that aimed to break away from the rigid structures of traditional education prevalent in colonial India. The name itself, meaning “abode of peace,” reflected Tagore’s aspiration to create an environment conducive to the harmonious development of mind, body, and spirit. Shantiniketan was envisioned as a space where nature played a crucial role in the learning process, and students engaged in open-air classes amidst the tranquility of the surrounding landscape.

The curriculum at Shantiniketan was designed to foster a holistic understanding of life. Tagore believed in the integration of arts, humanities, and sciences, emphasizing that education should not be confined to textbooks but should embrace the world as a classroom. The pedagogical approach involved close interaction between students and teachers, encouraging a spirit of inquiry, creativity, and critical thinking.

The vibrant cultural life at Shantiniketan was an integral part of Tagore’s educational philosophy. The institution became a center for artistic and intellectual pursuits, where students were exposed to a diverse range of cultural traditions. Tagore’s emphasis on cultural exchange aimed to broaden students’ horizons and instill in them a sense of global citizenship.

Shantiniketan’s connection with the Brahmo Samaj, a socio-religious reform movement in India, also influenced its ethos. Tagore’s family had a deep association with the Brahmo Samaj, and this connection manifested in the inclusive and progressive values that permeated Shantiniketan’s educational environment.

The success of Shantiniketan as an educational experiment prompted its expansion and transformation into Visva-Bharati University in 1921. The new institution, translating to “the university of the world,” represented Tagore’s broader vision for integrating the best of the East and the West in education and culture. Visva-Bharati was conceived as a place where students and scholars from different corners of the globe could come together to engage in a shared pursuit of knowledge and creativity.

Visva-Bharati embraced a unique structure, combining traditional Indian methods of teaching with contemporary global influences. The university had separate units, each dedicated to a specific discipline, known as “Patha Bhavans.” These units emphasized the integration of traditional knowledge systems with modern educational methodologies.

Tagore’s philosophy of education at Visva-Bharati was a departure from the prevalent models of his time. His insistence on the interconnectedness of disciplines, the role of arts in education, and the need for a global perspective challenged established norms. Tagore’s emphasis on the pursuit of knowledge as a means to foster global understanding remains relevant in the contemporary landscape.

Cultural exchange played a vital role in the life of Visva-Bharati. The institution attracted scholars and artists from various parts of the world, creating a cosmopolitan environment that reflected Tagore’s vision of a global community. Visva-Bharati became a hub for intellectual discussions, artistic collaborations, and the celebration of diverse cultural traditions.

One of the unique features of Visva-Bharati was its celebration of the annual Poush Mela, a fair that brought together people from different backgrounds to showcase their cultural heritage. This celebration echoed Tagore’s belief in the importance of cultural diversity and served as a platform for the exchange of ideas and traditions.

Tagore’s educational ideals were not confined to the academic sphere; they extended to the arts and creative expression. The emphasis on “Siksha Satra,” the education of the whole being, highlighted the integral role of arts, music, and literature in the educational process. The “Rabindra Sangeet” and “Rabindra Nritya,” forms of music and dance created by Tagore, found a central place in the cultural life of Visva-Bharati.

While Tagore’s educational experiments received acclaim, they were not without challenges and criticisms. Some traditionalists questioned the departure from established norms, and financial constraints affected the institutions at times. However, Tagore’s steadfast commitment to his vision and his ability to adapt and evolve in response to challenges ensured the endurance of Shantiniketan and Visva-Bharati.

International Influence

Rabindranath Tagore’s international influence transcends borders and continues to resonate across cultures, marking him as a truly global intellectual figure. His impact on literature, philosophy, and the arts extends far beyond the confines of his native Bengal, earning him recognition as the first non-European Nobel laureate in Literature and a revered cultural ambassador to the world.

Tagore’s international journey began with his travels to the West, where he engaged with prominent thinkers, artists, and intellectuals of his time. His interactions with luminaries such as William Butler Yeats, Albert Einstein , and Ezra Pound enriched his intellectual outlook and facilitated cross-cultural dialogue. Tagore’s ability to articulate complex philosophical ideas in a language accessible to diverse audiences contributed to the global reception of his works.

The publication of Tagore’s poetry in English, particularly the collection “Gitanjali” (Song Offerings), catapulted him to international acclaim. The English translations of his poems, done in collaboration with W. B. Yeats, resonated with readers worldwide, capturing the essence of Tagore’s spiritual quest and philosophical reflections. The global reception of “Gitanjali” played a pivotal role in Tagore being awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913, elevating Indian literature to the international stage.

Tagore’s literary influence extended to various parts of the world, with translations of his works becoming available in multiple languages. His universal themes of love, nature, spirituality, and the human condition appealed to a broad spectrum of readers, fostering a global appreciation for his literary contributions. The profound simplicity of Tagore’s poetry allowed it to transcend cultural and linguistic barriers, creating a shared space for readers from different backgrounds.

Tagore’s engagement with Western philosophical ideas, particularly his exploration of the works of the Romantic poets and his interactions with European intellectuals, shaped his worldview. His ability to synthesize Eastern and Western thought contributed to his international appeal, offering a perspective that resonated with individuals navigating the complexities of cultural synthesis in a globalized world.

The establishment of Visva-Bharati University in 1921 further solidified Tagore’s role as a cultural ambassador. Visva-Bharati attracted scholars and students from around the world, creating an environment where diverse cultures could engage in a shared pursuit of knowledge. The university became a platform for cross-cultural dialogue, embodying Tagore’s vision of a global community that transcended geographical and cultural boundaries.

Tagore’s influence on Western literature and thought is evident in the works of intellectuals like W. B. Yeats, who admired Tagore’s poetry and saw in him a source of inspiration. Yeats wrote the introduction to the English edition of “Gitanjali” and acknowledged the profound impact Tagore’s works had on his own poetic sensibilities. Tagore’s influence also extended to other writers, including André Gide and T. S. Eliot, who acknowledged the significance of his contributions to world literature.

In the realm of philosophy, Tagore’s ideas on spirituality, the interconnectedness of humanity, and the pursuit of a harmonious existence found resonance with thinkers worldwide. His philosophical reflections, expressed in essays like those found in “Sadhana,” offered a unique perspective that appealed to those seeking a synthesis of Eastern and Western thought. Tagore’s influence on the philosophical discourse extended to the likes of Albert Einstein, with whom he engaged in a series of dialogues exploring the nature of reality and the human spirit.

Tagore’s impact on the arts was not limited to literature; it extended to music, dance, and visual arts. His compositions of “Rabindra Sangeet” (Tagore’s songs) remain an integral part of Bengal’s cultural heritage, and their universal themes have been embraced by musicians worldwide. Tagore’s experiments with dance, such as “Rabindra Nritya,” contributed to the evolution of modern dance forms and influenced artists beyond Indian shores.

The internationalization of Tagore’s legacy continued in the postcolonial era, with scholars and artists from different continents engaging with his works. Tagore’s ideas on education, spirituality, and the human condition resonated with a global audience grappling with questions of identity, cultural diversity, and the pursuit of a more harmonious world.

In contemporary times, Tagore’s influence endures through ongoing translations of his works, academic studies, and cultural festivals celebrating his legacy. The universality of Tagore’s ideas remains relevant in discussions on globalization, multiculturalism, and the importance of preserving cultural diversity in a rapidly changing world.

Nobel Prize in Literature

Rabindranath Tagore’s Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913 was a historic milestone not only for him but also for Indian literature and the global recognition of non-Western literary traditions. The award marked the first time the Nobel Prize was bestowed upon a non-European, underscoring the universal appeal and profound impact of Tagore’s literary contributions.

The specific work for which Tagore received the Nobel Prize was “Gitanjali,” meaning “Song Offerings.” Originally published in Bengali in 1910, the English version of the collection was released in 1912, thanks to the collaborative efforts of Tagore and W. B. Yeats. The poems in “Gitanjali” encapsulated Tagore’s spiritual quest, profound reflections on the human condition, and a deep connection with the divine.

The Nobel Committee, in awarding Tagore the Prize in Literature, acknowledged his “profoundly sensitive, fresh, and beautiful verse” that made a lasting impact on the world of poetry. The committee recognized the lyrical quality and philosophical depth of Tagore’s poetry, stating that it had been “universally accepted as the pure expression of the Indian spirit.”

Tagore’s Nobel Prize was not merely a recognition of his literary prowess but also a symbolic acknowledgment of the rich cultural heritage and intellectual depth of India. At a time when the dominant narrative in the literary world was Eurocentric, Tagore’s award challenged the prevailing norms and expanded the scope of what was considered universally significant in literature.

The impact of Tagore’s Nobel Prize extended beyond the literary sphere to the broader socio-cultural and political landscape. It invigorated the Indian nationalist movement by providing a cultural rallying point and a validation of India’s intellectual and artistic contributions. Tagore’s win became a source of pride for Indians aspiring to assert their identity and voice on the global stage.

The Nobel Prize also elevated Tagore to the status of a global cultural ambassador. His travels to the West following the award facilitated interactions with intellectuals, artists, and political leaders, contributing to cross-cultural dialogue. Tagore’s ability to articulate complex philosophical ideas in a language accessible to diverse audiences enhanced his international appeal.

The significance of Tagore’s Nobel Prize was not confined to his homeland; it resonated across continents. His poetic expressions of universal themes—love, nature, spirituality—found resonance with readers worldwide. Translations of “Gitanjali” and other works contributed to the global dissemination of Tagore’s ideas, fostering a deeper understanding of Indian literature and philosophy.

However, Tagore’s reception in the West was not without its complexities. While some lauded him as a literary genius and a spiritual guide, others struggled to reconcile his Eastern perspective with Western literary traditions. Tagore’s win challenged entrenched notions of what constituted “great literature,” prompting a reevaluation of the criteria used to assess literary merit on the global stage.

Tagore’s Nobel Prize set a precedent for future recognitions of literary achievements from non-European traditions. It opened doors for a more inclusive understanding of literature that acknowledged the diversity of voices and perspectives across cultures. Subsequent Nobel laureates from different regions and linguistic backgrounds owe, in part, their recognition to Tagore’s groundbreaking achievement.

Legacy and Influence

Rabindranath Tagore’s legacy is profound and far-reaching, touching various aspects of literature, philosophy, music, and social reform. His impact on Indian culture and beyond has endured through the years, solidifying his position as a global intellectual giant.

One of Tagore’s most enduring contributions lies in his literary works. His poetry, short stories, novels, and plays reflect a deep understanding of human emotions, nature, and spirituality. Tagore’s writing often transcended the boundaries of language and culture, creating a universal appeal that resonated with people worldwide. His magnum opus, “Gitanjali” (Song Offerings), a collection of poems, earned him the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913. The lyrical beauty and spiritual depth of “Gitanjali” captivated readers globally and introduced them to the richness of Indian literature.

Beyond literature, Tagore was a visionary in education. In 1901, he founded Santiniketan, an experimental school that eventually grew into Visva-Bharati University. Tagore envisioned an educational system that combined the best of Eastern and Western traditions, emphasizing a holistic approach to learning. He believed in fostering creativity, critical thinking, and a connection with nature. Visva-Bharati became a center for art, literature, and music, attracting scholars and students from around the world.

Tagore’s influence extended to the realm of music. He composed thousands of songs, known as Rabindra Sangeet, which merged classical Indian music with his poetic lyrics. These songs became an integral part of Bengal’s cultural fabric and continue to be celebrated. The timeless appeal of Rabindra Sangeet lies in its ability to evoke a range of emotions and convey profound philosophical ideas.

As a social reformer, Tagore was ahead of his time. He criticized social norms and advocated for gender equality, opposing practices like child marriage. His play “Chitrangada” explores themes of female empowerment and challenges traditional gender roles. Tagore’s progressive views on societal issues contributed to the shaping of modern India’s social fabric.

Tagore was also a strong advocate for political independence. His opposition to British colonial rule was expressed through his writings, speeches, and active participation in the Indian nationalist movement. Although he was initially optimistic about the potential for harmonious coexistence between India and Britain, his views evolved as he witnessed the oppressive nature of colonial rule. Tagore returned the knighthood bestowed upon him as a protest against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919, a tragic event that deeply disturbed him.

Internationally, Tagore’s influence extended beyond literature. His ideas resonated with intellectuals such as Albert Einstein, with whom he engaged in a series of insightful correspondences on the intersections of science, philosophy, and spirituality. Tagore’s concept of the ‘One World’ emphasized the interconnectedness of humanity and the need for global cooperation, anticipating ideas that would gain prominence in the later half of the 20th century.

Tagore’s legacy endures not only through his own works but also through the generations of writers, artists, and thinkers he inspired. His ideas on education, culture, and spirituality continue to shape discourse in diverse fields. Institutions like Visva-Bharati University serve as living testimonies to his vision, nurturing generations of individuals who carry forward Tagore’s multifaceted legacy.

In contemporary times, Tagore’s influence can be seen in various artistic expressions, academic discourses, and cultural celebrations. The celebration of his birth anniversary, known as Rabindra Jayanti, is a significant event in India and beyond, marked by performances of Rabindra Sangeet, recitations of his poetry, and discussions on his legacy.

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Rabindranath Tagore

Rabindranath Tagore was a Bengali poet, novelist and painter best known for being the first non-European to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913 with his book Gitanjali, Song Offerings . He was highly influential in introducing Indian culture to the West and is generally regarded as the outstanding creative artist of modern India. He was hailed by W.B Yeats and André Gide.

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रवींद्रनाथ टागोर
साचा:Rabindranath Tagore Bhattacharjere, Dr. Shashwata Rabindra Nattya Dharar Prothem parjay, Jtatiya sahittaya prokasoni, Dhaka.Bangladesh ...
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Rabindranath Tagore Information in Marathi नमस्कार मित्रांनो,आपल्या देशात अनेक महान व्यक्ती होऊन गेल्या त्यापैकीच एक गुरुदेव रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांना
रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांची संपूर्ण माहिती Rabindranath Tagore Information
Rabindranath Tagore Information In Marathi | रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांची संपूर्ण माहिती नमस्कार मित्रांनो स्वागत आहे तुमचं. आज आपण या लेख मध्ये रवींद्रनाथ टागोर
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रबीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर (बांग्ला: রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর) (७ मई, १८६१ - ७ ...
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by Mohit patil. 0. या लेखात रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांची माहिती - Rabindranath Tagore Information in Marathi देण्यात आलेली आहे. जगप्रसिद्ध कवी, साहित्यकार, दार्शनिक आणि भारतीय ...
Rabindranath Tagore Information in Marath
Rabindranath Tagore Information in Marathi, Rabindranath Tagore Biography, History, Rabindranath Tagore Yanchi Mahiti, Tuesday, March 19, 2024. ... रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांच्या अल्पपरिचय - Rabindranath Tagore Biography in Marathi.
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Rabindranath Tagore death anniversary रवींद्रनाथ ठाकूर यांचा जन्म 7 मे 1861 साली झाला होता. यांना गुरुदेव असे ही संबोधले जाते. रवींद्रनाथ ...
Rabindranath Tagore
Rabindranath Tagore FRAS (/ r ə ˈ b ɪ n d r ə n ɑː t t æ ˈ ɡ ɔːr / ⓘ; pronounced [roˈbindɾonatʰ ˈʈʰakuɾ]; 7 May 1861 - 7 August 1941) was an Indian poet, writer, playwright, composer, philosopher, social reformer, and painter during the age of Bengal Renaissance. He reshaped Bengali literature and music as well as Indian art with Contextual Modernism in the late 19th and ...
Rabindranath Tagore information Biography in Marathi
मित्रांनो, Rabindranath Tagore information Biography in Marathi रवींद्रनाथ टागोर माहिती निबंध भाषण मराठी ही महत्वपूर्ण माहिती कशी वाटली हे आम्हाला खालील कॉमेंट ...
Rabindranath Tagore
In 1891 Tagore went to East Bengal (now in Bangladesh) to manage his family's estates at Shilaidah and Shazadpur for 10 years. There he often stayed in a houseboat on the Padma River (the main channel of the Ganges River), in close contact with village folk, and his sympathy for them became the keynote of much of his later writing.Most of his finest short stories, which examine "humble ...
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Rabindranath Tagore 2022: Quotes in Marathi "मी झोपलो आणि स्वप्न पाहिले की जीवन आनंद आहे. मी जागे झालो आणि पाहिले की जीवन ही सेवा आहे. मी अभिनय केला आणि पाहा ...
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Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) was a Bengali poet, philosopher, social reformer, and dramatist who came into international prominence when he was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1913. Rabindranath Tagore or simply Rabindranath as he is known in India, was born into an affluent and brilliantly talented Calcutta family on May 7, 1861.
Rabindranath Tagore
Rabindranath Tagore Biographical . R abindranath Tagore (1861-1941) was the youngest son of Debendranath Tagore, a leader of the Brahmo Samaj, which was a new religious sect in nineteenth-century Bengal and which attempted a revival of the ultimate monistic basis of Hinduism as laid down in the Upanishads.He was educated at home; and although at seventeen he was sent to England for formal ...
रवींद्रनाथ टागोर यांची संपूर्ण माहिती Rabindranath Tagore Information
Rabindranath Tagore Information In Marathi रवींद्रनाथ टागोर हे एक जगप्रसिद्ध कवी साहित्यिक तसेच चित्रकार, नाटककार, कादंबरीकार, बंगाली कवी व समाजसुधारक असून ते
Rabindranath Tagore
Short Biography Rabindranath Tagore. Rabindranath was born on 7 May 1861 Calcutta. His father Debendranath Tagore was a leading light in the Brahmo Samaj - a reforming Hindu organisation which sought to promote a monotheistic interpretation of the Upanishads and move away from the rigidity of Hindu Orthodoxy which they felt was holding back ...
Rabindranath Tagore Biography: A Journey Through Words and Wisdom
Rabindranath Tagore, or Gurudev, occupies a towering position in Indian literature and cultural history. Born on May 7, 1861, in Calcutta (now Kolkata), India, Tagore emerged from a family renowned for its intellectual and artistic pursuits.His father, Debendranath Tagore, was a prominent philosopher and leader of the Brahmo Samaj, a socio-religious reform movement.
Tagoreweb
Biography. Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) was the youngest son of Debendranath Tagore, a leader of the Brahmo Samaj, which was a new religious sect in nineteenth-century Bengal and which attempted a revival of the ultimate monistic basis of Hinduism as laid down in the Upanishads. He was educated at home; and although at seventeen he was sent ...
Rabindranath Tagore Wiki, Age, Death, Wife, Children, Family, Biography
Wife & Children. On 9 December 1883, the 22-year-old Tagore got married to an 11-year-old Mrinalini Devi (born Bhabatarini). [5] Mrinalini Devi was born in 1873 and died in 1902. Mrinalini died within a span of 19 years of their marriage, and since then, Tagore never married in his life.
Rabindranath Tagore: Biography, Polymath & Legacy
Rabindranath Tagore. Muhammad Tuhin January 15, 2024 0. Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) was a renowned Indian poet, philosopher, and polymath. He became the first non-European Nobel laureate in Literature in 1913 for his collection of poems, "Gitanjali.". Tagore's contributions extend beyond literature, encompassing music, art, and education.
Rabindranath Tagore
Rabindranath Tagore was a Bengali poet, novelist and painter best known for being the first non-European to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913.
Rabindranath Tagore Biography: Birth, Family, Education, National
Rabindranath Tagore, born May 7, 1861, in Kolkata, India—died August 7, 1941. Bengali poet, short-story writer, music composer, playwright, novelist, and painter brought new prose and verse forms and colloquial language into Bengali literature, freeing it from standard methods based on classical Sanskrit.
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Rabindranath Tagore. 1861-1941. (Photo by Fox Photos/Hulton Archive/Getty Images) On his 70th birthday, in an address delivered at the university he founded in 1918, Rabindranath Tagore said: "I have, it is true, engaged myself in a series of activities. But the innermost me is not to be found in any of these.

रवींद्रनाथ टागोर माहिती Rabindranath Tagore Information in Marathi

रवींद्रनाथ टागोर माहिती – Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore Information in Marathi

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Journey Back Home: Mixing Cultures and Growing as an Artist in India

List of Awards won by Rabindranath Tagore

Tagore’s Philosophy and Ideals

Personal Life and Relationships

Rabindranath Tagore’s Travel Journey

Tagore’s Last Days and Legacy

Career Facts

Frequently Asked Questions

2. What is Rabindra Sangeet?

3. What were Tagore’s views on nationalism?

4. How did Tagore’s works transcend cultural boundaries?

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Rabindranath Tagore Wiki, Age, Death, Wife, Children, Family, Biography & More

Wiki/Biography

Parents & Siblings

Wife & Children

Other Relatives

The Untold Love Story

A Complicated Relationship

Religion/Religious Views

Initial Literary Works

Shelaidaha (1878–1901) – The period of his Sadhana

Santiniketan (1901–1932) – Middle years of Rabindranath Tagore

Boarding School

Literary Work

Nobel Prize

Visva Bharati

Sri Niketan – Abode of Welfare

Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi

Literary and Artistic Works

Short Stories

Songs – Rabindra Sangeet

Painting and Drawing

Controversies

German funds against the British Raj