online phd programs in dentistry

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• Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS)
• Dental Hygiene Undergraduate Program (BS)
• Dental Hygiene Degree Completion
• Oral Health Sciences PhD (OHS PhD)
• Internationally Trained Dentist Program (ITDP)
• Dental Hygiene (MS)
• Endodontics Graduate Program (MS)
• Orthodontics Graduate Program (MS)
• Pediatric Dentistry Graduate Program (MS)
• Periodontics Graduate Program (MS)
• Prosthodontics Graduate Program (MS)
• Restorative Dentistry Graduate Program (MS)
• Craniofacial Fellowship Graduate Program (non-degree)
• Endodontics Graduate Program (Non-degree)
• International Team for Implantology (ITI)
• Orthodontics Graduate Program (Non-degree)
• Periodontal and Implant Microsurgery Academy
• Periodontics Graduate Program (Non-degree)
• Prosthodontics Graduate Program (Non-degree)
• Regenerative Dentistry Graduate Program (Non-degree)
• Restorative Dentistry Graduate Program (Non-degree)
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Oral Health Sciences PhD

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Information related to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) and U-M Dentistry Patient Safety at the School of Dentistry -->

PATIENT SAFETY AT THE SCHOOL OF DENTISTRY

The doctor of philosophy degree in Oral Health Sciences is a program of the Rackham Graduate School , offered at the School of Dentistry. The primary objective of this program is to train outstanding students to become leaders in academic research in oral health science.

Major areas of study include: developmental craniofacial biology; mineralized tissue biology and musculoskeletal disorders; oral and pharyngeal cancer; oral health disparities; oral infectious and immunologic diseases; oral sensory systems and central circuits; and tissue engineering and regeneration.

Admitted students engage in at least 3 research rotations in faculty labs, a foundation biostatistics course as well the following courses: cell and molecular biology, tissue engineering and regeneration and oral health science journal club and seminar series. Admitted students are able to select advanced courses in basic science, oral health and the area of their research specialization. By the end of the second year, PhD students will engage in a preliminary oral exam advancing them to candidate level PhD training.

Please, take the time to review the information on our webpages to learn more about the OHS PhD program, the requirements and the process of application. Note different deadlines for different tracks. Questions about application procedures and forms may be sent to [email protected] .

OHS PhD PROGRAM TRACKS

OHS PhD snapshot:

• 5-6 year research training program
• Application to Rackham Graduate School
• Application Deadline December 5
• Admit for Summer Term (June or July 1)
• Academic Plan

The DDS/PhD program at the University of Michigan School of Dentistry provides training in dentistry and research through a series of clinical and research experiences and course work. Students are admitted to both the DDS program and the Oral Health Sciences PhD program.

• 7-8 year research and clinical training program
• Only open to US Citizens or permanent residents
• Application for DDS through AADSAS
• Application for OHS PhD to Rackham Graduate School
• Please Note: The DDS/PhD is a student-initiated Dual Degree not a Rackham Dual Degree (do not check the Rackham box for dual degree)
• PhD Application Deadline is October 15, please check here for DDS application due date.
• Email letter of intent to apply to the dual degree DDS/PhD program, addressed to Dr. Yuji Mishina, Program Director. Send to [email protected]

LICENSURE DISCLOSURE

The University of Michigan School of Dentistry DDS/PhD program is accredited by the American Dental Association’s Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA).

The University of Michigan School of Dentistry DDS/PhD program was designed to satisfy educational prerequisites to licensure for dentistry only in the state of Michigan. It has not been determined whether educational prerequisites to licensure would be satisfied in other states.

Students should consult the dental board in their state to confirm if the degree from University of Michigan School of Dentistry meets the criteria for professional licensure in their state. Contact information for the state dental boards can be found at the American Dental Association.

MS/PhD and DSPP

The program, which requires a minimum of six years, is designed to build advanced knowledge and skillsets in scholars who aspire to become clinician-scientists to advance our understanding of craniofacial diseases and disorders. Integrated into the program are biomedical graduate and advance science courses, research training, specialty residency education, interactive instructions in Responsible Conduct of Research and Scholarship, leadership and professional development. With the full commitment of the faculty team, the OHS program, the specialty programs, the School of Dentistry, and Rackham School of Graduate Studies, our ultimate goal is to prepare the scholars to become leaders, educators and researchers in the field of craniofacial diseases and disorders to advance academic dentistry and public health.

• 6-7 year combined research PhD with dental specialty masters
• Application for Specialty Program by the deadlines provided:
• Endodontics
• Periodontics
• Orthodontics
• Pediatric Dentistry
• Application for OHS PhD to Rackham Graduate School - due October 15 Please Note : The MS/PhD is a student-initiated Dual Degree not a Rackham Dual Degree (do not check the Rackham box for dual degree)
• Email letter of intent to apply to the dual degree MS/PhD program, addressed to 'Dr. Yuji Mishina, Program Director. Send to [email protected]
• NIDCR Dental Specialty and PhD Programs Funding Opportunity

Future Faculty Track OHS PhD (FFT)

Eligibility is for individuals who have been chosen to be future faculty and are fully supported by their University, Institution/Organization or Government to pursue rigorous basic science training in oral health sciences. Program and application is the OHS PhD track.

FFT snapshot:

Each PhD track is intended to be fully funded for admitted students. In most cases, funding is provided by both the program/the trainee's faculty mentor.

OHS PhD FACULTY

View the comprehensive list of faculty available to OHS PhD students.

OHS FACULTY DIRECTORY

CURRENT OHS STUDENTS

CURRENT STUDENTS

APPLICATION AND REQUIREMENTS

The program is most appropriate for advanced students who hope to eventually join the faculty of a dental or medical school. Entering students should have a strong background in basic science at the undergrad university level.

Application to the Oral Health Science Programs is through Rackham Graduate School’s application portal . Please select Admissions from the menu and the Ann Arbor Campus. Oral Health Sciences is found under the Dentistry heading. The application system is called CollegeNet/Apply Web.

If you or your recommender need technical assistance regarding the application or recommendation systems please email ApplyWeb at [email protected] . Include the following information: user name, full name, email address, and phone number. Please allow 24 hours for a response.

Oral Health Sciences PhD Program Application Code: 00360

Requirements

• GPA of 3.0 or above on a 4.0 scale
• PhD, MS/PhD and FFT - no minimum score
• DDS/PhD - DAT - score replaces GRE
• 3 for PhD and FFT
• 2 for DDS/PhD and MS/PhD

Transcripts

• Statement of Purpose (SOP)- Should be concise, well written statement about your academic and research background that also describes your future career goals. In this statement, answer the question: How can the OHS Program help meet your career and educational goals? Length 1-2 pages.
• Personal Statement (PS) - Describes your journey that led you to the pursuit of a graduate degree. Length 1 page
• Curriculum Vitae or Resume - This should be 1-4 pages and include education, work and/or research experience, publications, lectures and seminars, poster presentations, awards/scholarships, volunteer opportunities.
• For International students: English Proficiency Requirements
• Note: GRE - The University of Michigan’s Rackham Graduate School will discontinue the use of the Graduate Record Examination general test in Rackham Ph.D. admissions decisions, beginning with the 2022-2023 admissions cycle.

Application Fee

The application fee is due when you submit your application. The fee is non-refundable and subject to change. Applications submitted without the fee will be withdrawn from the review process.

Rackham Application Fee and Waivers Information

INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS

If you need an F-1 or J-1 visa, the University of Michigan is required by the U.S. government to obtain documentation proving that international applicants (non-U.S. Citizens) have adequate financial resources to provide for their expenses while in the United States. Rackham Admissions is the U-M office that will prepare your I-20 or DS-2019 after you have provided the required documents through Wolverine Access.

For instructions and information, please review the Immigration documents .

ADMISSIONS CALENDAR

Dual Degree interviews (DDS/PhD or MS/PhD) will be coordinated in conjunction with offered DDS or Specialty interview dates. Interviews for these tracks are typically in-person and conducted at the School of Dentistry. Applicants should communicate with the OHS PhD Office when dates have been offered. Email [email protected] .

PhD interviews typically run late January through February. Applicants who are offered an interview will be notified via email. Interviews for PhD or FFT can be offered online (via Skype) or in person depending on the applicant’s location.

School of Dentistry, Office of Research and Research Training 1011 N. University G306, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 734-763-3388 | [email protected]

PROGRAM DIRECTOR

Academic program coordinator.

Apply Curriculum Current OHS PhD Students OHS PhD Faculty --> OHS Alumni Return to Oral Health Sciences

Applicants who attended or are attending a U.S. Institution

• Upload an electronic version of your official transcript(s) for each Bachelors, Masters, Professional, or Doctoral degree earned or in-progress through your ApplyWeb application account.
• If you are recommended for admission, the Rackham Graduate School will require official transcript(s). Recommended applicants will receive an email notification when the official transcript(s) are required for submission. All students are asked to include an electronic unofficial transcript during the online application.

Applicants who attended or are attending a Non-U.S. Institution:

Review Required Academic Credentials from Non-U.S. Institutions for transcript/academic record requirements by country or region. Submitting transcript/academic records is a two-step process.

• Upload an electronic version of your official transcript/academic record for each institution attended through your ApplyWeb application account.
• At the time of application, you must also submit an official transcript/academic record for each institution attended.

Rackham Graduate School provides detailed instructions on how to submit transcripts/academic records to the Rackham Graduate School.

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College of Dentistry

Phd in oral sciences, training the 'next-generation' of oral health professionals heading link copy link.

This program trains the next generation of oral health scientists. PhD in Oral Sciences utilizes cutting edge biomedical technology and knowledge to address basic and clinical research questions of importance for promoting and maintaining oral health. The program also offers an opportunity to combine PhD training with a DMD for a dual degree in 8 years. Students admitted to the dual degree DMD/PhD track start with PhD to complete 90% of research work before the of start the DMD curriculum.

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Program description.

The curriculum consists of a core based on the University of Illinois Chicago’s Graduate Education in Medical Sciences (GEMS) Program coupled with selectives in Oral Sciences: Cellular, Molecular, and Developmental Biology; Biomaterials Science; or, Microbiology/Immunology. Students participate in an oral science topics series throughout the program. Students who are candidates for the PhD will usually complete the program within 4-5 years. Students who are candidates in the combined DMD/PhD program will earn both the DMD and PhD degrees within 8 years. A preliminary (candidacy) exam and a final thesis defense are required. More information on degree requirements (including curriculum and research thesis) is available from the UIC Graduate College .

Research and Training

Research has demonstrated the definitive associations between oral and systemic diseases such as periodontitis, cardiovascular disease and preterm birth. Students and faculty in the PhD in Oral Sciences program focus on the areas of oral health research, all of which integrate the oral cavity with systemic and whole body health: Wound Healing, Cancer Biology and Tissue Engineering. The program prepares students for faculty and research positions in interdisciplinary oral health research. Training emphasizes bench research and the evaluation of scientific data in addition to didactic course work. In addition, training will include presentation, grantsmanship and writing skills, as well as other activities essential for developing an independent researcher.

Admissions Requirements

Candidates with an undergraduate degree in a relevant field from an accredited institution are eligible to apply for the PhD in Oral Sciences. Additional requirements for international candidates include having minimum levels of English proficiency as set by the University’s Office of Admissions .

Tuition & Fees

Please visit  UIC’s tuition and fees page  for current tuition rates for the PhD program. Please visit the  UIC Office of Financial Aid  for information about how to fund your education.

How to Apply

Step 1: Statement of interest All candidates must express interest in writing to:

Christina Nicholas, PhD Director of Graduate Studies [email protected]

Step 2: Online application All applicants must complete the  UIC graduate application for the PhD in Oral Sciences, Program Code 20FS1525PhD. All materials requested during the online application (official transcripts and application fee) must be uploaded directly to the University’s Office of Admissions’ online application. All applicants should carefully read the directions available from  UIC Graduate Admissions .

Applicants will also be required to upload the following:

• Curriculum vitae
• Personal statement
• 3 letters of recommendation

Dates and deadlines for the application are available from the  UIC Graduate College .

Once your application is complete, it will be reviewed by the Graduate Studies Committee. The committee will ask you to interview, in-person or online video conference accommodations are available.  Candidates chosen will be notified by email.

The DMD/PhD Program

The DMD/PhD program integrates our innovative DMD curriculum and clinical training with a customizable basic and translational oral sciences track to offer graduates both a DMD and PhD in Oral Sciences.  Students work closely with faculty mentors and multidisciplinary  science teams to gain valuable experience in the lab and clinic to prepare for careers in science, academics or specialized clinical practice.

Watch these videos  to hear from current DMD/PhD candidates on the advantages of combining clinical training with oral science research experience.

Multidisciplinary Oral Science Training (MOST program)

Research areas, craniofacial pathology, regenerative science, clinical, translational & community research, resources heading link copy link.

• Oral Sciences Graduate Program Manual
• Research Funding & Resources

Contact Us Heading link Copy link

For more information about the PhD in Oral Sciences program, and to apply, please contact:

Amsa Ramachandran  Academic Advisor DMD/PhD Program Office of Research [email protected]

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PhD Program

Program description.

The Oral Health Sciences PhD program usually requires five years.  Students are expected to devote the full twelve-month year to their graduate work (allowing time for vacation and holidays).  Graduate students will have the opportunity to assist in the teaching program of the department as a practical means of gaining experience in the presentation of lectures and laboratory work.  Some opportunities exist to teach to dental and graduate students.

Courses Requirements

The course requirement is a minimum of 90 credits (including at least 27 credits of thesis).  Through their coursework, students are expected to gain proficiency in one or more basic biologic sciences and to master modern biological approaches in addition to gaining expertise in the subject area of oral and craniofacial sciences.  At least 19 credit hours must come from courses in departments other than Oral Health Sciences, and of the 19, 12 must be science courses.  Of the 19 credits, a minimum of six (6) credits must be CONJ or PABIO courses, a minimum of six (6) credits must be non-OHS science courses, plus at least one non-science course should be completed. These will include courses offered through the Molecular and Cell Biology Program and courses selected to match the basic science interests of the student.  Cross-disciplinary training in Bioengineering is also available.  Courses in the School of Public Health such as the Epidemiology series are also available to students interested in Dental Public Health research.  All graduate students are also expected to attend and participate in departmental seminars (OHS 575).

Following is an approximate timeline for completion of the PhD degree.  Because each student’s program and research goals will vary, completion of the requirements for the PhD degree may not necessarily follow this timeline.

Schedule by Year

• Year 3 to Completion

Initial Course Work. All new students meet with the Graduate Program Coordinator before the start of classes in the Summer or Autumn Quarter to consider the student’s course work.  The selection of courses will depend on the student’s background, research goals, and interests.

Research Rotation . During each quarter of the first year of graduate study, the student will register for OHS 578, Research Techniques.  The purpose of this course is for students to carry out research projects with 1-2 faculty members in order to prepare for the choice of their PhD project mentor and to learn a variety of research methods.  Each student is expected to take 2-3 rotations in different laboratories and select a research mentor by the end of the 1st year.

Course Work . Students will continue to take courses that will include the remainder of the core courses required in Oral Health Sciences and courses in other disciplines relevant to the student’s dissertation research.

Teaching.  Students are encouraged to take elective courses offered through the Medical Education and Graduate School which will help them in their future teaching careers.  Also, beginning in the second year, graduate students will have the opportunity to take part in teaching one of the Department courses for undergraduate dental students.  This experience prepares students for teaching responsibilities after receipt of the PhD and provides a good opportunity for consolidation of the student’s general oral biology background.

Research. Early in the second year of study, the student is expected to choose a thesis adviser and to define a dissertation problem.

The Supervisory Committee . Once a thesis mentor and research direction have been chosen, the student and mentor will select a Supervisory Committee.  This should be done in year two of the training.  The committee is composed of at least four faculty members, at least three of whom (Including the Chair and the Graduate School Representative) must be members of the Graduate Faculty with an endorsement to chair doctoral committees.  The Graduate Program Coordinator will forward the list of recommended committee members to the Dean of the Graduate School who will officially appoint the Supervisory Committee.  In accordance with Graduate School regulations, the Supervisory Committee will be responsible for advising and directing the student throughout the PhD program.

The General Examination. Early into the third year, the student will take the General Examination.  This examination is in the format of a written research grant proposal that is presented to the PhD supervisory committee. All required coursework must be completed at this time.  The purposes of this examination are (1) to determine whether the student is capable of recognizing an important research question in oral and craniofacial sciences, (2) to determine whether the student is able to develop this question into a comprehensive proposal complete with preliminary findings and suggested methods of procedure, and to orally defend the proposal, and (3) to provide the student an opportunity to receive feedback from the Supervisory Committee on the proposed research project. More detailed guidelines on the General Exam format and requirements can be found here – https://grad.uw.edu/policies-procedures/doctoral-degree-policies/general-examination-admission-to-candidacy-for-doctoral-degree.

The student will primarily engage in thesis research and additional advanced coursework.

The Dissertation and the Dissertation Examination. When the candidate has completed the research project, written the dissertation, and had it approved by the reading committee, the mentor will obtain approval from the Graduate School and set a date for the Final Examination.  The Final Examination will be concerned principally with the subject matter of the dissertation and is conducted as an open seminar followed by examination by the Supervisory Committee.

The research project for the PhD dissertation will be chosen by the candidate and adviser and be approved by the candidate’s Supervisory Committee.  The research must represent a worthy and fundamental contribution showing originality in concept and implementation.

Core Courses

The following courses are mandatory program requirements:

List of Conjoint/PABIO Offerings

Following is an example list of the CONJ/PABIO courses.

Recommendations for Prerequisites

Some students may need to take some lower level division courses in order to prepare for required classes. See the following list for suggestions:

Other Non-OHS Science Electives

Following is an example list of non-OHS science electives.  Students are expected to take include courses in bioengineering, epidemiology, immunology, or other basic biological/medical sciences as appropriate for their research interests.  The student will work with the Graduate Program Coordinator and their mentor (if chosen) to select appropriate elective courses in their chosen basic biological science pathway. The list below is not meant to be exhaustive.

Other Oral Health Sciences Electives

Courses to prepare for teaching.

In order to prepare for teaching, it is strongly recommended that the student take at least one class on educational methods. Such credits will not fulfill the requirement for non-OHS science courses, but will count toward the total credits required. Suggested courses include, but are not limited to:

Biomedical Research Integrity Series

Students are also required to attend and participate in the Biomedical Research Integrity Series. This is a non-credit summer course taught through the Department of Medical History & Ethics and consists of a series of lectures and discussion groups. Each student will need to attend a minimum of three lectures and three discussion groups.  NIH Trainees are required to attend every year of the duration of their federal funding.

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Doctor of Science in Dentistry

Program Director:   Dr. Dana Graves ,  contact

Program Overview

The DScD will prepare students to successfully enter the field of academic dentistry for careers as clinical or basic science researchers. The program combines the research and clinical strengths of the School, drawing faculty mentors from throughout the clinical and basic science departments. With the goal of providing the opportunity to pursue research across disciplines, students have the option to not only work with researchers from Penn Dental Medicine, but also with faculty from Penn’s  School of Engineering and Applied Sciences ,  School of Medicine ,  School of Nursing , and  School of Veterinary Medicine

DScD with Postgraduate Certificate Program:  The Doctor of Science in Dentistry (DScD) program is tailored for each specialty. For  Endodontics ,  Orthodontics ,  Oral Medicine , and  Pediatric Dentistry  postgraduate programs it is 5 years, for  Periodontics  5.5 years and for  Periodontic/Prosthesis  6 years. The program is tailored to meet the  CODA  requirements for each clinical specialty. Clinical, didactic, and research aspects of the program are integrated so that in all years students experience both clinical and research training. In years one and two, there is greater focus on clinical training, while in later years there is greater focus on research training with clinical activities continuing in all years. All courses taken as part of clinical training are credited toward the DScD degree. In addition, three didactic courses from Penn’s Biomedical Graduate Studies program related to the research topic are required and typically taken in years two through four. Each student will write a K08 or K23 grant award; the application becomes the basis of a qualifying exam for the program. Only US citizens/green card holders will actually submit their K08 or K23 proposal to the  NIH . This represents important training in grant writing as well as training in writing a scientific paper for publication, both of which are important aspects of academic success.

PLEASE   NOTE : Acceptance into the specialty program does not guarantee acceptance into the DScD program.

DScD without Postgraduate Certificate Program:  Students who have completed clinical specialty training at an accredited institution are eligible to apply for the Doctor of Science in Dentistry (DScD) program without certificate. This program is 4 years in length. Students in this program are associated with a clinical specialty and will take all didactic courses in the specialty as well as a dissertation project but will not receive clinical training. In addition, the student will take three didactic courses from Penn’s Biomedical Graduate Studies program related to the research topic, typically taken in years 2-4. The didactic, research and dissertation components for this program are the same as those for the combined DScD/Certificate program.

Research Timeline

• First Summer – students will complete two lab rotations for 3-4 weeks
• August 31 – summary report of rotations due
• October 1 – student will select his/her thesis advisor and start research
• October 15 – one-page written proposal due
• April – Thesis Committee established
• May 1 – two-page summary of research performed due to research mentor
• June 1 – final research report due to Thesis Committee identifying K08/K23 application topics
• End of Summer – performance in course work and recommendation for promotion to the next year determined by each student’s Thesis Committee and sent to the DSc Promotions Committee
• August – student will meet with thesis committee to discuss research progress
• August 1 –first draft of the K08/K23 will be submitted to the mentor
• September 1 –final draft of K08/K23 due to the thesis committee
• October 5 – student will submit the grant application
• Fall Semester – qualifying exam
• February or June – it is expected that most students will need to resubmit their grant proposals

Year 3-Year 5

• The student and mentor will meet yearly with the Thesis Committee
• Students will give a 30-minute presentation of their work each summer as part of the Student Research Seminar series in Penn Dental Medicine and at the Penn Dental Medicine annual research retreat
• Presentation of research at a national meeting
• End of Summer in 3rd and 4th years – performance in course work and recommendation for promotion to the next year determined by each student’s Thesis Committee and sent to the DSc Promotions Committee
• Spring of 5th year – submission of thesis
• Spring/summer of 5th year – thesis defense

Total length of program:  5 years when combined with a specialty certificate program in Endodontics, Orthodontics, Oral Medicine and Pediatric Dentistry; 5.5 years for Periodontics; 6 years for Periodontics/Prosthesis; 4 years for DScD only without specialty certificate Number of students accepted: 3 to 5 each year

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• Dental Biomedical Sciences PhD Program

PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences

The Doctor of Philosophy degree in Dental Biomedical Sciences (DBMS) is offered by the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, Baltimore (UMB) in conjunction with the School of Dentistry. The DBMS PhD program is primarily designed to train the next generation of dentist-scientists with fundamental scientific knowledge and skills to promote innovative research and education in dentistry. Ultimately, the program envisions our graduates to improve overall health in the nation and globally through the advancement of dental, oral, and craniofacial sciences.  

Major areas of research concentration include dental biomaterials; oral microbial pathogenesis; orofacial neural and pain sciences; tissue engineering, nanotechnology and regenerative medicine; and skeletal biology and pathology.  

The curriculum of the DBMS PhD program is tailored to support the research interest and career goals of each admitted student. This includes at least two laboratory rotations; the following required core courses: introduction to biomedical research, biostatistics, research ethics, journal club, seminars; advanced courses based on the area of research concentration; and laboratory research training.  

At the end of the second year, students prepare for their qualifying exam by writing a research proposal and defending the proposal in an oral exam. Upon successful completion of the qualifying exam, students are admitted to candidacy and shift emphasis to a full-time commitment to research under the direction of their mentor and a dissertation research advisory committee. Completion of the DBMS PhD program usually takes 4-5 years.      

For more information please contact:   

Nicki Mitchell   Program Coordinator Office of Research DBM [email protected]    

PROGRAM DIRECTOR  

Abraham Schneider DDS, PhD   Associate Professor Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences  

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Indiana University School of Dentistry

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D.D.S./Ph.D. Dual Degree

Combine a d.d.s. degree with a ph.d. in dental sciences.

The Indiana University School of Dentistry’s D.D.S./Ph.D. dual degree program gives you the opportunity to earn a Doctor of Dental Surgery and a Ph.D. in Dental Sciences in seven years. During the first three years of the program, you’ll complete the required coursework for the Ph.D. and take your qualifying exams. Years four through seven are devoted to the D.D.S. curriculum, and the final year is dedicated to the completion of your Ph.D. research and dissertation.

When you complete the D.D.S. and Ph.D. degrees, you’ll be prepared for teaching and/or research positions in dental schools, medical schools, university basic science departments, research institutes, government agencies, and industry.

Program director:   Dr. Angela Bruzzaniti

• Phone: 317-274-5348
• Fax: 317-274-7188
• Email: dsgrad@iu.edu

Degree requirements

To earn the Ph.D. in Dental Sciences, you must meet the University Graduate School’s general requirements for advanced degrees as well as the School of Dentistry’s specific requirements for this degree program.

View the University Graduate School's general requirements for advanced degrees

View the School of Dentistry's requirements for the D.D.S./Ph.D. dual degree

Depending on the chosen PhD Major focus area, students will receive DDS course credit for the items highlighted in color as indicated below.

* Students must complete a total of three Seminar Courses (for example, one per year for Y3, Y4, Y5). Two must be taken outside IUSD and one inside IUSD seminar courses. All seminar courses should be completed prior to the end of DDS/PhD Y5.

Note: Students should expect to complete 90 credits towards the PhD by end of DDS/PhD program Y5 so that they can transition to G901 in Year 6 of the combined program.

Admission requirements

To be eligible to apply for the Ph.D. program, you must:

• Hold a doctorate in dentistry (D.D.S. or D.M.D) or a Bachelor of Science degree
• Have a cumulative GPA of at least 3.0 on a 4.0 scale (dental school GPA for applicants with D.D.S. or D.M.D. degrees; undergraduate GPA for applicants with B.S. degrees)
• Have a minimum GRE score of 160 on the verbal section or 148 on the quantitative reasoning section
• Have a minimum GRE score of 3.0 on the analytical writing section
• Demonstrate proficiency in the English language. If English is not your native language, you must earn a minimum score of 79 on the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL).

Enrollment in the program is limited by the number of appropriate faculty available to serve as research mentors.

How to apply

You must meet the admission requirements of both programs and apply to each separately.

Learn how to apply to the D.D.S. program

Learn how to apply to the Ph.D. program

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Of course, hands-on training and field experience are essential when it comes to pursuing the Doctor of Dental Surgery degree program. Still, some subjects can be easily taken online to put something off your plate earlier and faster.

However, please, note that it is not possible to finish the entire program by distance learning alone. You still need to attend on-campus classes for research and practical training in the complex world of dentistry. There is no other way to become a specialist who provides high-quality services.

A Doctor of Dental Surgery program features the dentistry coursework supplemented with advanced training in dental surgery. As part of their commitment to comprehensive patient care, dental surgeons often seek additional certifications to enhance their skills. For instance, staying updated on safety protocols, such as obtaining a Bloodborne Pathogens Certification, can contribute to their proficiency in advanced dental procedures. If you’re interested in learning more about this certification, you can visit https://cprcertificationnow.com/products/bloodborne-pathogens-certification .

______________________________

Best Doctor of Dental Surgery Degree Programs

University of minnesota.

DOCTOR OF DENTAL SURGERY (DDS)

School Highlights: At the University of Minnesota, Doctor of Dental Surgery students undertake a thorough curriculum in the 3M Foundation Dental Simulation Clinic.

This facility has an incredibly high-tech design that provides a realistic clinical simulation experience. Here, students can drastically enhance their manual dexterity and hand-eye coordination skills using human-like mannequins and state-of-the-art equipment.

The degree also places students in real-world environments in a wide variety of outreach sites, such as hospitals, underserved rural and urban communities, and the Indian Health Service.

The University of Minnesota is well-known among educational dentistry institutions. It maintains a global reputation due to its excellent research in understanding orofacial genetic anomalies, decay prevention, and pain control.

Coursework Sample:

• Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics
• Oral Radiology

Campus Location: Minneapolis, MN

Accreditation:

• Higher Learning Commission

Acceptance Rate: 73% Retention Rate: 94% Graduation Rate: 83%

LEARN MORE ABOUT THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA’S DOCTOR OF DENTAL SURGERY (DDS) PROGRAM

Loma linda university.

DOCTOR OF DENTAL SURGERY

School Highlights: Loma Linda University is a Seventh-day Adventist institution of higher education that supplies an excellent doctoral program in dental surgery with a foundation in Christian principles. The curriculum includes several course topics emphasizing religious ethics in dentistry practice.

Otherwise, the core coursework is quite rigorous. It provides training in all of the most crucial areas of dentistry, such as professional behaviors, clinical sciences, and the basic sciences.

This DDS is broken down into a series of domains that feature different themes such as treatment planning, management of emergencies, and intraoperative/postoperative surgeries. Graduates of LLU are highly capable professionals who provide the industry with expertise in research and practice.

• Dental Fundamentals I, II, III, and IV
• Biomedical Sciences and Oral Ecosystems I, II, III, and IV
• Christian Ethics for Dentists

Campus Location: Loma Linda, CA

• Western Association of Schools and Colleges
• American Dental Association

Acceptance Rate: –% Retention Rate: –% Graduation Rate: 92%

LEARN MORE ABOUT LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY’S DOCTOR OF DENTAL SURGERY

University of utah, dentistry doctor of dental surgery (dds).

School Highlights: The University of Utah supplies a unique approach to the Dentistry Doctor of Dental Surgery, which it calls the 3+1 Curriculum. A “first-of-its-kind” design, this program has students complete the traditional dentistry requirements in the first three years, and the last year is reserved entirely for clinical experiences. Students obtain the knowledge, techniques, and skills required to assist and perform surgeries in real-world environments.

It is an excellent degree that maintains vast success with its students and graduates, who demonstrate a high level of competence in assessment, treatment, practice, and compassionate care.

All University of Utah students actively engage with the state chapter of the American Student Dental Association. This organization supplies clubs and committees, global outreach, pre-dental simulation days, and much more.

• Dental Occlusion, TMJ Health, and Disorders
• Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology I and II
• Special Needs/Geriatrics

Campus Location: Salt Lake City, UT

Acceptance Rate: 95% Retention Rate: 89% Graduation Rate: 66%

LEARN MORE ABOUT UNIVERSITY OF UTAH DENTISTRY DOCTOR OF DENTAL SURGERY

University of nebraska omaha.

DOCTOR OF DENTAL SURGERY PROGRAM

School Highlights: The University of Nebraska Omaha has two exciting options for doctoral students of dental surgery. Of course, the DDS Program supplies extraordinary coursework and clinical experiences throughout four years of study.

The curriculum as a whole puts notable emphasis on the development of professional values. The second opportunity is housed in the UNE Omaha College of Medicine’s Department of Surgery.

It is a post-doctorate specialization in Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery that encompasses a wide scope of surgical techniques for the face, jaws, mouth, neck, and head.

The College of Dentistry has been educating students for over 120 years. In that time, it has retained an immense amount of research findings, clinical practices, and educational approaches to dental surgery. Students attending this fine institution can rest assured their doctorate is one-of-a-kind.

• Removable Prosthodontics
• Operative Dentistry I, II, and III
• Biology Dental Pulp

Campus Location: Omaha, NE

Acceptance Rate: 87% Retention Rate: 74% Graduation Rate: 49%

LEARN MORE ABOUT THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA OMAHA’S DOCTOR OF DENTAL SURGERY PROGRAM

Louisiana state university.

DENTAL SURGERY DOCTORAL DEGREE DDS/PHD

School Highlights: Louisiana State University is a fantastic choice for students who are newly considering careers as dental surgeons. There is a Doctor of Philosophy for students who are drawn more toward research and analysis, as well as a Doctor of Dental Surgery.

The former requires more years of schooling but allows for exploration of the profession at a much greater depth. The latter includes all of the course topics necessary to operate as an independent entrepreneur in dentistry.

Both programs require applicants to hold a mere bachelor’s degree with a transcript that reflects prerequisite courses in the basic sciences. Otherwise, the Ph.D. and DDS are perfectly suited to newcomers to the dentistry profession, and LSU graduates are essential assets in the oral healthcare industry.

• Pediatrics Dentistry
• Implants in Dentistry
• Advanced Endodontics

Campus Location: Baton Rouge, LA

Acceptance Rate: 71% Retention Rate: 86% Graduation Rate: 68%

LEARN MORE ABOUT LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY’S DENTAL SURGERY DOCTORAL DEGREE DDS/PHD

New york university.

DOCTOR OF DENTAL SURGERY (DDS) PROGRAM

School Highlights: New York University has numerous options available for students of dental surgery. The doctorate is an on-campus program that can be taken independently or in tandem with one of the several choices below.

The Online Advanced Certificate in Public Health is a fabulous addition to doctoral students’ educational experience that opens them up to new areas of the profession. It can be taken alongside the DDS, or, as a distance degree, it can be taken at the student’s discretion anytime, anywhere.

The goal of the general core curriculum is to educate oral healthcare professionals in the advancement of diagnosis, management, and prevention skills. It emphasizes ethical responsibility to all patients and fosters appreciation for pluralism and multicultural practices.

Program Options:

• Bachelor of Arts/Doctor of Dental Surgery Joint Degree
• Doctor of Dental Surgery/Master of Business Administration Dual Degree
• Doctor of Dental Surgery/Online Advanced Certificate in Public Health (CPH) Joint Degree

Campus Location: New York City, NY

• Middle States Commission on Higher Education

Acceptance Rate: 12% Retention Rate: 94% Graduation Rate: 85%

LEARN MORE ABOUT NEW YORK UNIVERSITY’S DOCTOR OF DENTAL SURGERY

What does a dental surgeon do.

A dental surgeon performs all sorts of dental procedures. Having completed extensive training and education, Doctors of Dental Surgery are undoubtedly specialists in the field.

They are officially licensed to perform advanced surgery work, such as apicoectomy, removal of bone structure parts, or impacted wisdom teeth. Holders of this degree are also trained to fit dental prosthetics, such as veneers, bridges, dentures, implants, crowns, and caps.

However, apart from that, they are also able to do regular dental work. Just like dentists, a significant part of the work of dental surgeons constitutes preventive dental medicine. They provide professional dental services, recommend products and practices to help their patients maintain proper dental hygiene and help them keep the overall oral health in top shape.

What Sort of Accreditation Should I Look for in a Doctor of Dental Surgery School?

In the United States, the Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA) awards both Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD) and Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) degrees. This accreditation body has been commissioned by the American Dental Association (ADA).

How Do I Earn My DDS Degree?

First of all, before you even apply for any kind of dental school, you must have a 4-year bachelor’s degree completed. Your undergraduate program should have been related to the following scientific courses: Physics, Biology, Inorganic Chemistry, and Organic Chemistry – all of these have laboratory work in the college curriculum.

DDS programs in the United States also require students to be proficient in English, so if it is not your first language, you will have to pass an English test as well.

Before you formally submit your application to your chosen dental school, you will need to pass the Dental Admission Test (DAT) first. DAT is a computer-standardized test required from candidates by all dental schools.

If you fail it at the first attempt, you can retake it, but no sooner than after 90 days, and each time, you will be asked to pay a non-refundable fee. A few dental schools may also require Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) scores, but most of them don’t.

You can become a dentist, no matter if you pursue a DDS or DMD degree. Both of these doctorate programs have the same curriculum and training requirements set by the American Dental Association.

Before 1867, DDS was actually the only course for aspiring dentists. Then, the Harvard University in Boston, Massachusetts, decided to open their own dental school where they used the Latin title – “Dentariae Medicinae Doctor,” or simply DMD.

As you can see, it is a matter of words more than qualifications. Some emerging dental schools since then have followed Harvard, while others maintained the DDS degree. Today, whether an institution awards the DDS or DMD degree is entirely up to them.

A newcomer to the field of dentistry might have to spend a total of eight years in school to complete a DMD program. However, if you have a bachelor’s degree with the relevant subjects, it may take you as little as four years.

The first half consists of classroom lectures on dental and scientific theories, while the second focuses on specialization training, workshops, and thesis writing for graduate students. Students are also required to complete a certain number of clinical practice hours under the observation of professionals.

Graduate students have plenty of specialization choices. If you are interested in treating children, choose to train yourself in pediatric dentistry. If you want to be knowledgeable about gums, take advanced courses in periodontology. Technical know-how for dental device installation needs training in orthodontology.

If you wish to be called an “oral surgeon” instead of a “general dentist,” you will need to study maxillofacial surgery, cosmetic dentistry, restorative dentistry, and endodontics. Having a specialization will allow you to work efficiently with a team of dentists and medical practitioners with diverse backgrounds.

What Type of Degree Do I Need to Pursue Research or Educate Others in Dentistry?

Almost every dental school has faculty members who are holders of DDS or DMD degrees. Typically, those who pursue dental research have a research doctorate (usually a PhD) in dentistry. These dentists/researchers conduct research, write their dissertations, and publish their work in academic journals and books to contribute to the field and develop dental medicine, technology, and solutions.

What Kind of Career and Salary Can I Expect with My DDS Degree?

Earning your DDS degree and obtaining a legal license to practice officially makes you “a dentist” and “a doctor.” You have the prerogative to work in a hospital or put up your own clinic and be self-employed; you can work everywhere as long as you have all the necessary equipment.

Some DDS degree holders share their expertise with those in need and participate in charitable events or projects, such as medical missions in far-flung regions with limited access to dental care.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, a dentist makes $158,120 annually on average, but it can differ significantly when it comes to various specializations. For example, a pediatric dentist makes $174,069 per year on average.

Monetary compensation is determined by their location and experience. Having a successful career as a dentist is primarily determined by your ability to build your own clientele.

Do I Need a License to Be a Dentist?

As if completing a degree and pursuing a doctorate wasn’t enough, you still need to pass the National Board Dental Examination (NBDE) to become a dentist. It is supported by the American Dental Association, and it consists of two parts – two multiple-choice tests covering a variety of topics, such as dental anatomy or ethics.

Very often, to go through a licensing process, you need to pass clinical exams as well, which is performing some basic dental procedures on patients under observation.

Other requirements and conditions may depend on the state where you want to practice, so make sure you know your situation inside and out.

For example, some states may require completion of the Basic Life Support course or cardiopulmonary resuscitation certification, while in others, it will be obligatory for you to include malpractice insurance, submit your documentation of vaccinations, or another background check.

There is also something called Board certification, awarded for example by the American Board of General Dentistry, which is not mandatory to acquire. Still, it can demonstrate your excellent skills, high level of training, and experience. It may also be awarded to certain specialists, for example, a certification from the American Board of Pediatric Dentistry, etc.

What Schools Offer Doctor of Dental Surgery Degrees?

The following schools offer a traditional format of pursuing DDS degrees: University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, Minnesota; Loma Linda University School of Dentistry in Loma Linda, California; University of Utah School of Dentistry in Salt Lake City, Utah; University of Nebraska Omaha Medical Center College of Dentistry in Omaha, Nebraska; and Louisiana State University School of Dentistry in New Orleans, Louisiana.

Moreover, you can take some online courses offered by the New York University College of Dentistry in New York, New York, by enrolling in their joint DDS/Online Advanced Certificate in Public Health (CPH) Program. However, note that it is impossible

Becoming a doctor of dental medicine or surgery is an excellent choice if you want to help people and pursue a demanding yet fulfilling career path. You should bear in mind, though, that it is a profession where you can never really stop working on yourself and improving as a specialist.

In the case of all jobs related to healthcare, you need to keep learning, getting to know new approaches and the wonders of technology, as well as developing new solutions always to help your patients. Make sure you know the requirements of the state you live in, and if you really are passionate about dental medicine, there is no point hesitating.

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Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

Moscow Russian Federation

# 633 in Best Global Universities (tie)

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Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Rankings

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University is ranked #633 in Best Global Universities. Schools are ranked according to their performance across a set of widely accepted indicators of excellence. Read more about how we rank schools .

• # 633 in Best Global Universities  (tie)
• # 262 in Best Global Universities in Europe  (tie)
• # 7 in Best Global Universities in Russia

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Subject Rankings

• # 342 in Biology and Biochemistry  (tie)
• # 304 in Clinical Medicine  (tie)
• # 333 in Pharmacology and Toxicology

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Biology and Biochemistry overall score

Biology and Biochemistry global research reputation

Biology and Biochemistry regional research reputation

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Biology and Biochemistry normalized citation impact

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Biology and Biochemistry percentage of total publications that are among the 10% most cited

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Biology and Biochemistry international collaboration

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Biology and Biochemistry percentage of highly cited papers that are among the top 1% most cited

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Clinical Medicine overall score

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Pharmacology and Toxicology overall score

Pharmacology and Toxicology global research reputation

Pharmacology and Toxicology regional research reputation

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Pharmacology and Toxicology normalized citation impact

Pharmacology and Toxicology total citations

Pharmacology and Toxicology number of publications that are among the 10% most cited

Pharmacology and Toxicology percentage of total publications that are among the 10% most cited

Pharmacology and Toxicology international collaboration - relative to country

Pharmacology and Toxicology international collaboration

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Synergy University, Russia has several courses and programs at various levels; from preparatory programs to language courses and from advanced diplomas to postgraduate programs that are well accredited and of international standards.

Synergy University is noticeably one of the cheapest private higher institutions in the country, offering quality education at very affordable fees.

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Russia is a big ball of culture and commerce and has produced some very prominent names in the fields of science, arts, music, business, and literature. For centuries now, Moscow has been the go-to destination for many foreign students from across the globe, and to date, the nation continues to entice foreigners with its very affordable living conditions and education. 

Apply to Synergy University on RocApply today let us help you every step of the way, we understand that finding the right school and program might be a daunting task, so let us do the heavy lifting and secure your spot at this prestigious institution with the guarantee of a promising future.

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Master's in Linguistics and intercultural communication (MA)

Synergy University - Moscow in Rankings

• Top 7 MBA Universities in Moscow
• 1st Business School in Russia
• Top 100 University in Russia
• Top 3 Private Institutions in Russia

Tuition and Scholarships at Synergy University - Moscow

Synergy University also offers funding and scholarships to its students through a series of schemes and financial aids that are both remotely and privately sourced or funded.

High-performing students at the school are awarded scholarships varying from full-ride to partial funding for the complete duration of their courses at the university.

Likewise, as an institution that encourages creativity and innovation, students receive support from the university to advance their business ideas and push their creativity to the next level.

Post-graduate students at the university that embark on research studies receive grants and fellowships on national levels towards furthering or completing their education at Synergy University.

Cost of living at Synergy University - Moscow

About synergy university - moscow.

The university also stands out as one of the most top-quality private university that is equally affordable and is open to foreign students from around the world.

There is no better university in Russia that better prepares the next generation of entrepreneurs like Synergy University, the school has been dubbed the ‘Leading Entrepreneurial University’ in the country and they continue to succeed in leaps and bounds both locally and internationally.

The university’s administration supports in many ways the entrepreneurial initiatives proposed by the students.

The university has produced more than 70,000 graduates who have gone on to be global dominators in their own rights, time and time again Synergy University has proven that they are ahead of the curve.

Students taking entrepreneurial courses pass through a mandatory preparation program which is more or less a business incubator, they also develop their business ideas taking into account the recommendations given to them by their advisors.

The university’s main goal is to develop within the student the knowledge, skills, and understanding and this is done by a smart combination of various education modules.

The academic unit at university comprises of over 500 teachers, 50 professors, and 200 doctoral candidates, adding to a catalog of guest teachers and speakers of individuals that have attained great success in their respective fields.

Students are taught to believe that any goal and anything is possible as long as they set their minds to it and work towards it.

Synergy University stands out in the fact that its students can begin their educational courses and receive an array of job offers from various employers as the entire administration of the university sees to it that all its students have job opportunities.

Synergy University also has set up a foundation within the school called “Synergy Capital” where students can receive the necessary funding to actualize their projects.

The university has set its sights on goal in which its Alumni would've established over 1,500 businesses by 2022, in doing so they continue to raise a generation of individuals who are not afraid to step out and take risks. Synergy University is an ideal platform for your own start-up called life.

Some of Synergy’s Achievements:

• Accreditation of the AMBA – International Association (UK)
• Accreditation of the European Foundation for Quality Assurance in e-learning
• Member of the International Association of Universities
• Member of the Observatory ‘ Magna Charta Universitatum’
• Over five hundred partnerships with companies and industries both nationally and internationally

Career Center at Synergy University - Moscow

All the programs at Synergy University are tailored to the specific requirements of global employers, which gives its students not just a good knowledge of the subject but also a fair understanding of real-life scenarios and how the industry works.

Programs are developed together with many leading global partner organizations some of which include Google, Hilton Moscow, Intercontinental Moscow, Mail.Ru Group, Samsung, Rostelecom, Almaz Capital, SPLAT, Home Credit, UniCredit Bank and many more.

In this vein, Synergy University has a career center that is devoted to ensuring that all its students find employment placements while studying or after graduation. This career center helps Synergy students to build their portfolios and forge their career paths quite early in their education.

The career center organizes workshops and seminars to teach students about the workplace, how to write a CV/Resume, conduct mock interviews and even profer employment suggestions.

Foreign students also benefit immensely from the post-study work visa assistance that the university generously provides should they decide to remain in the country.

Social Activities at Synergy University - Moscow

The university organizes several interesting events, business workshops, entertainment shows, and cultural activities much to the advantage of its students. These activities happen throughout the year and add to the flare and color of Synergy, even more significantly is encourages unity, participation and community interaction.

Some important activities at the university include;

• Synergy Global Forum
• Synergy Insight Forum
• Synergy Digital Forum
• Synergy Women Forum
• Synergy Summer Camp

Student Life at Synergy University Moscow

Life as a student at Synergy University Moscow incorporates all the upsides of vibrant student life; from associations and clubs to organized activities and social events that celebrate the brilliant multicultural campus in Moscow.

The university presents a colossal opportunity for self-actualization and an unforgettable experience for all its students regardless of their backgrounds.

Lying at the core of the university’s approach is the model of continuous education which includes in itself all possible stages which are;

• Postgraduate scientific degrees
• Seminars and Training
• Professional MBA

Life as a student in Moscow is also very rewarding, this cosmopolitan city stands out as one of the largest capital cities in Europe and one of the most visited tourist destinations on the continent. Students enjoy the sights and sounds as well as the commercial ambiance that is within their reach.

The city is also praised for being one of the most cost-effective and affordable cities, the cost of living as a student is considerably lower than in most large capitals around the globe. As a student, you will have value for their money on critical expenses such as food, accommodation, and other essentials.

Why Study at Synergy University - Moscow

Accommodation synergy university - moscow, on campus accomodation at synergy university - moscow.

The university provides accommodation for its students both local and international as dormitories and halls of residence. However, these dorms are not present on the campus ground but scattered around the city. The university also hosts a range of accommodation partners that offer housing at affordable prices to students.

University-owned dormitories are built in an apartment-style set up with two bedrooms per apartment, each room can accommodate about 2-3 persons and come with fully functional modern facilities and fixtures.

Each room has a bathroom and a kitchen with utilities like central heating, internet, housekeeping, and hot water come all-inclusive with the rent. Other facilities such as refrigerator, home appliances, furnishings, and beddings are also provided. The average cost for campus accommodation is $1,500 per academic year. 

Off Campus Accomodation at Synergy University - Moscow

Some students choose to reside in accommodations outside the university campus where there are many private houses and apartments that cater to various student budgets and luxuries. There are also several dormitories and private out-of-school lofts and pads that have different costs.

The expense of leasing off-campus apartments changes from area to area in proximity to the city square and they have different conditions for rent. Commonly, the cost of leasing a one-room condo is around 20,000 to 25,000 RUB contingent on how extravagant the building is and the services they offer.

Renting an apartment out of campus usually means that utilities such as electricity, water, heating, cable tv, and internet all come separate from the rent and students would have to shoulder the bills per usage.

Sports at Synergy University - Moscow

University of Nicosia

Food at Synergy University - Moscow

Available on campus are several canteens and cafeteria that serve various meals to students and staff at different hours of the day. Students who take up residence in the university’s dormitories have access to the free canteen and buffet-style service for breakfast, lunch, and dinner.

The university also has a break area where other external restaurant chains have taken up space serving a variety of fast food and continental meals to students. The price of feeding at the university costs about 30 RUB to 50 RUB per person depending on their food choices.

Transportation at Synergy University - Moscow

Synergy’s campus is situated in a lovely location within the city of Moscow, the three branches of the university are set-up around the same districts are only but a short distance from the main city.

Students can use the subway which is only fifteen minutes from the city square or other public transport means which are cheap and easily accessible from the university campus. The three important metro stations which are close to the three branches of the university in Moscow include,

• Prospect Mira Metro Station
• Sokol Metro Station,
• Semenovskaya Metro Station

Testimonials

About moscow.

Moscow is the capital and the largest city in Russia with a population of more than 12 million people located in the Moskva River in the west of the country. Moscow for Russians is the center of everything, and everything is centered here where all the headquarters of major Russian cooperations are located.

Moscow contributes the largest to the country’s economy both in industry and influence.

Although the weather in Russia is believed to be quite severe, Moscow’s weather is milder than in other parts of the country. Moscow has the best university’s in Russia, one of which is Synergy University, one of the leading business institutions in the country.

Moscow enjoys a much higher standard of living compared to other cities and has one of the highest amounts of billionaires topping cities like London and Paris.

Moscow is home to all the federal authorities of the country from federal to state levels and is heralded as a city of status. Moscow also has the largest amount of English speakers and international residents that any other city in the country, the city is also very green with more green areas than New York or London.

The city center is a serene getaway with one of the largest parks where residents come to relax and unwind at the end of the day. The social life in Moscow is one of the best in the world, with a vast array of bars, pubs and restaurants that serve all types of cuisine to suit most budgets. 

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