victoria 3 education

How To Increase Literacy In Victoria 3

Written by 

Tarran Stockton

Published 

24th Oct 2022 17:00

Knowing how to increase Literacy in Victoria 3 is imperative to having an educated population who can read and write, but it's not immediately clear how to increase it. Victoria 3 lets you manage a nation during the Industrial Revolution, challenging you to adapt its government, economy, and people to the times, while staying competitive on the world stage. Your Literacy rate plays a huge role in pushing your nation forward, so take a look at how to increase Literacy in Victoria 3 . 

• We also cover how to increase Legitimacy in Victoria 3 , which allows your government to pass laws quicker. 

In Victoria 3 , your Literacy dictates what percentage of your total population can read and write, which is important for a few different reasons. Firstly, if your population isn't literate, they won't be able to take part in certain professions that require qualifications, which will stunt your workforce and stop you from developing more advanced goods over time. Literacy also directly affects your Innovation, which is a value that determines how long it takes to research technologies and receive technology spread. Essentially, if you have a low Literacy rate, your nation will suffer when it comes to progressing and developing further. 

The main thing that affects your Literacy rate is your nation's Education level, and increasing this will cause your population to become more literate over time. Education is an Institution, and each level you put into it will increase Education access for your population. To access this, select the 'Politics' icon on the left menu, and then click the 'Institutions' tab. On this screen, (pictured above) you will be able to see your Education level, and the direct effect that it has on your population. 

To gain the Education Institution so you can start putting points into it, you will first need to enact an Education System law. The first law, No School, will disable the Education Institution, but selecting Religious Schools, Private Schools, or Public Schools will enable it. Public Schools also increases Education access, which is vital for boosting Literacy. 

You will need to max out your Education Institution to level five if you want to reach 100% Literacy for your population, but you will have to take some specific steps to reach the fifth level. It's also worth noting that each level of Education costs Bureaucracy, so you will need a lot to max out Education. Firstly, you will need to unlock the following technologies from the Society Technology Tree:

• Rationalism
• Human Rights

The first three of these technologies allow you to put one level into the Education Institution and will get the ball rolling for your Literacy rate. Human Rights don't directly affect your Education, but it will allow you to change the laws for Children's Rights, which is the next step for boosting Literacy. 

Once you have three levels in the Education Institution, you will need to pass a specific law to gain access to the final two levels and max out Education. We have a guide on how to pass laws in Victoria 3  if you're not sure of this next step. Navigate to the 'Laws' tab on the Politics screen, and select the Children's Rights law group. Passing Restricted Child Labour will let you put one point into Education, while Compulsory Primary School will allow you to max out Education. 

Once the Education Institution is maxed out, your Literacy rate won't just jump up to 100% straight away, but as all children will now be literate, over time your Literacy rate will begin to climb. 

That's all for our explainer of how to increase Literacy in Victoria 3 , and now you know how to create a fully literate country through the use of Institutions and laws. 

If you want to become one of the most powerful nations in the world, check out how to increase GDP in Victoria 3 . 

About the author 

Tarran is a Senior Guides Writer at GGRecon. He previously wrote reviews for his college newspaper before studying Media and Communication at university. His favourite genres include role-playing games, strategy games, and boomer shooters - along with anything indie. You can also find him in the pit at local hardcore shows.

Originally posted by skyhrg : Ah, child labor laws... I see it. Thanks! It's so strange that only trade unions support these laws... it's gonna take a while to enact this law lol

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Victoria 3: How To Manage Your Government And Laws

Laws can make or break a country in Victoria 3 - here's how to enact the laws you desire and avoid pesky political movements that threaten you.

Quick Links

How to pass laws, institutions, elections and government reform.

Without law, everything would fall into disorder. At least, that's how Victoria 3 handles things. In this game, laws are extremely important - they dictate almost everything about the lives of your Pops - their liberties, rights to free speech, subsidized education, and more. For example, your Trade Law has four policy options, ranging from completely Free Trade to closed-borders Isolationism.

RELATED: Victoria 3: Complete Guide To Technology

Changing your laws is the primary way to mold your nation into the nation you want it to be. However, you can't just slam the laws down in any old order and hope for the best - laws need to be voted on and passed by those with political might in your nation, and you can only pass one law at a time.

When you go to the laws menu and try to choose a policy, you'll be presented with a percentage chance of that specific policy being passed in a given voting cycle. Voting cycles last a number of days based on each law's base voting cycle rate, Legitimacy, and legislative efficiency . We'll cover Legitimacy later.

The chance of passing the law can fluctuate within that cycle. You'll likely be presented with events with tough decisions that will affect the chance of passing the law, and you may be forced to suffer some Radicalism or Turmoil as a result.

Note that the percentage you see is only the chance of a law passing in a given cycle , not the chance of the law passing at all. As long as the number remains positive, there is always a chance. In addition, there are some events in the game that let you boost the chance by a huge amount, effectively letting you brute-force the law change.

You will not be able to begin voting for laws that have no chance to pass, so how do you improve your chances? It's quite simple: you need Interest Groups that favor the law to have political clout. Laws that improve the working lives and rights of workers are going to be unpopular with Industrialists, for example, so if they are a particularly powerful group, you might have no chance in hell of passing them.

This is why it's a good idea to learn how to manipulate Interest Groups and their levels of clout to be able to pass the laws you want. If you hover over the law in question, you'll be able to see at a glance which Interest Groups have an opinion on them - if you're passionate about getting the law passed, you can take steps to empower those in favor and disenfranchise those against it. An easy 'set it and forget it' way to do this is to Bolster or Suppress those Interest Groups .

Every time a voting cycle reaches its conclusion, one of four things will happen:

• The law will pass , immediately coming into effect.
• The law's progress will advance , increasing the likelihood that the law passes at the next checkpoint.
• The law will be stalled , reducing the likelihood that the law passes at the next checkpoint.
• The law is debated , which is a complication that requires your input. What happens here is quite random, and is more likely if the chances of passing, advancing, and stalling are all relatively low.

While voting on a law, Interest Groups in favor of the law will get a large approval bonus towards you , while those against will get a large approval drop. Keep an eye out for any indication that a decision will increase Radicalism, as this can be disastrous for your country's stability.

Political Movements

From time to time, Interest Groups that are unhappy with how the country is run may start up a Political Movement. These movements have specific goals - either to change, revert, or preserve a specific law. If the movement is powerful - which you can see on your Government Overview screen - you'll want to take it seriously. Movements that go ignored may become revolutionary if there's enough Radicalism within .

Apart from laws, the best way to induce huge changes in your country is by investing in Institutions . These are tiered policies that you unlock by enacting certain laws, and you can choose to invest Bureaucracy in them to level them up.

Unlocking an institution will automatically set it at level one, which does cost some Bureaucracy. Simply unlocking the Institutions isn't always enough to let you level them up, though - some of them require that you increase your maximum Institution level through specific, more advanced laws. Also, some Technologies will raise the max level of an Institution but do not unlock them outright .

Leveling up an Institution takes time - roughly one year, or 50 weeks, per level.

The table below details every Institution in the game and the laws that unlock them:

As the game puts it, Legitimacy is a measure of how well the makeup of the ruling party suits the country's currently-enacted laws . This is one of the main factors, but there are other things that can affect Legitimacy.

To improve Legitimacy, you'll want to make sure that Interest Groups with lots of political power and clout are in the ruling party, not the opposition. Keep in mind, however, that having a ruling party with too many Pops will reduce your Legitimacy significantly - you need an opposition party of some substance, it seems.

To improve your Legitimacy, try switching to Governance Principles and Distribution of Power Laws that boost it, such as Parliamentary Republic and Universal Suffrage . In addition, you'll get a nice bonus if your leader is a member of an Interest Group in power - this is guaranteed if your leader is based on elections.

If you have low Legitimacy, it will be more difficult to pass new laws, so taking steps to ensure it remains high - at least 60 percent as a baseline - is a good idea.

If you have a law and government type that enables elections, they will occur every four years and take six months. At the end of the voting period, the votes are tallied, and Interest Groups will have their political power levels adjusted accordingly.

Some government types have leaders chosen by elections, while others will only have the parties in power chosen. If the former, you'll want to pay more attention to elections - leader traits can impact your country significantly.

Once an election happens, you will be notified that you can reform your government for free. What this means is that you can rejig the makeup of your ruling party without incurring any Radicalism from Interest Groups forced into the opposition . This isn't always necessary, especially if your nation is quite stable, but it's worth considering each and every time an election happens to improve your Legitimacy.

NEXT: Victoria 3: How To Raise Your Standard Of Living

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• Start date Dec 8, 2021

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Victoria 3 - Dev Diary #27 - Technology

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• Dec 8, 2021
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Al-Khalidi said: Nice system! Is it possible to make big percentage of society literate just with religious schools? Click to expand...

Muezzinzade said: How significant is military technological advantage? Like, if there is a war between France and vietnamese states in 1870, will it be literally like in history that 500 French could utterly route 10000 Vietnamese? Or more like eu IV style where after certain time all the distant asian nations manage to catch up and fight Europeans on equal terms? Click to expand...

NilsFabian said: So all technologies are researched simultaneously at snail pace but I can push one individual tech? Click to expand...

BotherMe said: How are the wages of university staff calculated? Is it based on the average income of the country, the average of the middle strata, or something else? Click to expand...

Cypres said: Will certain nations start the game with negative research modifiers from the start of the game? Click to expand...

Make Victoria 3 said: state press and censored press should allow the player to suppress certain ideas, but not be a static penalty to tech/idea spread. So if you don't want your pops to get any silly separatist, socialist or fascist ideas then you can just suppress these. In the case of state press it should even be possible to promote ideas you want to spread. The advantage of a free press would be that you don't need bureaucrats to oversee it, while with censored or state press the pops who have oppressed thoughts are more militant. Click to expand...

Make Victoria 3 said: Also it seems that there is a hard cap to innovation per week of 200 when literacy is at 100%? This should not be the case and assuming that it is the national literacy it would also mean conquering and incorporating large amounts of land with illiterate people would harm your research progress which would not make much sense either. So at least it should be changed to something like max innovation is base 100 + avg. literacy*total pops*some modifier to reduce it to reasonable levels. luxembourgh was certainly not backwards, but they were not really famous for cutting edge technology either. Click to expand...

MrMineHeads said: Great dev diary. One question: can you import more technologically advanced arms (relative to what your country itself can manufacture) from a foreign nation, and if so, would it be possible to get a "discount" to researching the tech needed to manufacture said arms? For example, if Germany buys tanks from the UK but it itself cannot manufacture tanks because it doesn't have the tech, because it imports it from the UK, will it have a boost if it tries to research Tank Techs? Click to expand...

Duarte said: I would like to point out Portugal also had sericulture, specifically in the northen part of the country there is even a story about a jesusit monk stealling mulberry tree branches and the like, while from my understanding Production of silk in portugal was never much, but anyway, i do hope there is an event about the secrets of silk production beeing stolen by missionaries are in the game Click to expand...

SignedName said: Does era-based tech spread mean that even underdeveloped countries get tech spread based on the year? For example, as Dahomey in 1900, can Battleship technology spread even if you haven't researched any Era V techs yourself? Click to expand...

Halberdier King said: So if countries usually start with 20-30 technologies, and cutting edge countries discover about 1 per year (as you said), and there are ~175 techs, does that mean that even an advanced country will only get about 2/3rds of the techs before game end? And a country that starts off in a bad spot may not even get the majority of the techs? That seems odd. Click to expand...

GDQuirm said: What level of technology can a country that puts no effort into advancing literacy or building schools expect to reach? Will a central African state with no import of ideas from outside its borders have steel working and atmospheric engine in 1900? This is basically a question asking how passive the system is, trying to get a vague idea of the pace. It’s impossible to have any opinion without a sense for it. Click to expand...

Bruno Ptc said: Does historical universities have their own name? Like Harvard instead of University in Massachusetts Click to expand...

Azkiol said: How many technologies can spread at once? Click to expand...

Looks really solid! I am curious about one thing! Most of what we've seen so far is very different from what we've seen in previous Paradox games, but this looks quite traditional besides from the tech spread. This is not a bad thing per se, and I really like how it works together with literacy and the interest groups. But I would like to know what made you decide to go for a more traditional tech tree instead of something newer and more innovative, like with warfare and economy. What makes this the perfect system for tech in Victoria 3? Click to expand...

King Doom and Ice Cream said: Will there be techs requiring techs from other tech trees? Click to expand...

Katakras said: Can you change what technology to research once you have started with one? And if so, do you lose the innovation spent on the other one, or does it get stored as progress done for the previous technology? Click to expand...

kalauer said: Could you elaborate on the role of Universities (and their costs)? Because shifty as long-time GSG players are, I immediately had to think that spamming Universities seems to be a no-regret way to get ahead in technology, even with the literacy-limiter in place. Like this: I build Universities way beyond the 200 (?) innovation points maximum that is allowed by base and maximum literacy. I only research ahead of time. I use the remaining innovation to boost spreading, catching all the techs I missed along the way. So I guess you thought of this, of course. Why is this not a good strategy/how did you model the system that it isn't? Click to expand...

Enska said: Did I get it right that some society stuff can be actually detrimental to your country? So if your country has researched democracy, your interest groups can start demanding change to voting franchise laws? If you have not researched democracy, can they still demand it? Click to expand...

Al-Khalidi said: Are there technologies that increase population growth significantly? Click to expand...

Bane5 said: Is there any kind of effect that simulates literate parents teaching their own children how to read/write? Even if a pop can't afford a formal education for their children, I would expect some level of homeschooling to be present. (maybe some kind of cost reduction as an abstraction?) Click to expand...

I remember it being mentioned before that new military tech just increases the original production quantity (i.e there are no Rifles, just small arms), which was a bit disappointing, but I assume from this it means that I discover rifling, my factories produce more of the same small arms after I change its production, but then my military changes its "production" to "Rifles" which increases its combat power at the cost of more small arms. Then when I discover bolt action rifles, it's the same deal; I expend more small arms, my units consume more small arms, but use the production type "bolt action rifles" and fight much better on the battlefield with the same quantity of manpower. Is this line of thinking correct? Click to expand...

Gerulus Sum said: Would it be possible to mod the game to remove direct research, and handle all tech spread through osmosis? Click to expand...

endersaim said: Can we cue research? This would help to avoid having a 'save' up research points mechanic and would generally make life easier. Click to expand...

JakopDalunde said: The Eureka concept in the Civ 6 tech system is interesting, since it boosts research in logical things that the civilization excels at. Have you considered a similiar mechanic, making for example research in steel production technologies more effective if you have a strong steel industry? Click to expand...

MylesSCP said: Would it be possible to mod current literacy as a modifier? Click to expand...

MylesSCP said: It will entirely depend on how fast it actually drops in practice, but if it goes from 100% literacy to 4% literacy in a generation(somewhat insinuated but could also just be generalized language in the image caption) that seems like too fast of a drop, even for the poor and propagandized. And I don't feel like wealth fully captures the ability of the already educated to pass that knowledge on. Thanks for the answer! Click to expand...

• Dec 9, 2021

is there a technology share mechanic ??  

So the Intelligentsia can only influence the pace of adoption of Society technologies? Are they not representing the academic elite as a whole, but just the cultural sections of it? I get that the Armed Forces and Industrialists are the main IGs interested in their sector, but aren't they still developed by the academia's researchers? Also, aren't universities more directable than a group as vague as "literate people"? It seems as though literacy would be better to express the scale of research while universities allow you to control the direction of research. Or do you have a different reasoning?  

Truenorth14

First lieutenant.

This looks really good, I quite like it.  

Lt. General

This seems like a far better system for year-locking technologies than your past games have used - it feels organic, it's a soft cap, but it'll (hopefully) be effective in preventing aggressive rush strategies. I hope it works as well in practice as it does on paper, because it'd be nice to see in EU5 or Stellaris 2, not just Vicky 3.  

lachek said: View attachment 784062 ​ Welcome back to another Victoria 3 development diary! Today we will talk about something we’ve already had to touch on in numerous previous dev diaries, as it is a topic crucial to every part of the game: Technology. The Victorian era saw revolutionary progress in three major areas: industry, military, and politics. The rise of automation and free enterprise brought about the promise of immense material wealth for anyone willing and able to put in the work. Military technology - on land, at sea, and eventually even in the air - progressed so rapidly it could render a nation’s centuries-old doctrines obsolete overnight. And along with these material changes came a fundamental reorganisation of the societies themselves - sometimes by redistributing power from the ancient noble regimes to benefit the common people, and at other times by reigning such democracies in through entirely novel power structures made up of bureaucrats, business magnates, or populist autocratic strongmen. These three revolutions are represented in Victoria 3 through three distinct tech trees: Production, Military, and Society. Within each tree, the many technologies your country will discover through each game are organised such that each tech both requires one or several others and leads to one or several others. Modders might be interested to know that each tree automatically rebuilds and reorganises itself whenever changes are made, to make it pain-free to add, remove, or change the tech trees without having to tinker with tree layout or static image files. To research Shaft Mining, which permits the construction of mining industries, you need both Enclosure (which permits private ownership of land) and Manufactories (which lets you establish basic industries that make finished products). Shaft Mining itself leads to Prospecting (which increases your chance of discovering new resources), Steelworking (which lets you build Steel Mills), and the Atmospheric Engine, a building-sized early steam engine employed to pump water out of mine shafts. Industrialised countries start the game with most or all of these technologies. View attachment 784064 ​ Production technologies are all about increasing your economic capacity in various ways. These tend to be very concrete inventions, such as Cotton Gin which increases the output of Cotton Plantations and Dynamite which can be employed for increased yields in all kinds of Mines . On some occasions they are more abstract, such as Enclosure which is a prerequisite for construction of modern, privately owned farms and ranches or Shift Work which more effectively utilises labor in your manufacturing industries. Production technologies also include advances to Railways, and some even unlock Goods unknown at the start of the game such as Rubber, Electricity, and Automobiles. Military technologies improve your army and navy. These consist of a mix of new weapon technologies, doctrines, and ways of organising your Servicemen and Officers. Rifling lets you switch Production Methods from Muskets to Rifles in your Arms Industries, increasing their Small Arms production. Trench Infantry , once employed in your Barracks, organises your Battalions for trench warfare, which requires greater access to Small Arms but establishes a more reliable supply of manpower and causes fewer provinces to be lost when territory must be yielded to the enemy. The naval part of the tree is mostly dedicated to the invention of new ship types, but also includes a few new naval strategies that unlock or improve the effectiveness of certain naval Orders as well as upgrades to civilian Ports to improve your Supply Network and trade capacity. Society technologies are all about new ideas for organising society. These include ideas pertaining to politics, finance, and diplomacy to name a few. Democracy permits the enactment of various voting franchise Laws as well as Republican principles of governing. Pan-Nationalism is a requirement for forming certain larger countries, and leads to Political Agitation which both makes your population more politically active and also gives you more Authority to deal with them. Several political ideas in this tree also unlocks specific Ideologies which may appear from that point on alongside new Interest Group Leaders and shake up the political landscape you had so carefully tuned, such as Feminism and Anarchism . Just as techs in the Production tree often unlock Production Methods, Society techs often unlock Laws - or Ideologies that can lend support for Laws previously thought utterly absurd by the political establishment. In addition, Society technologies include improvements to your country’s financial system, such as Central Banking which increases your capacity for minting new currency and unlocks the Diplomatic Actions to Bankroll a country or Take on their Debt , as well as new forms of Institutions like Central Archives that unlock the Secret Police Law / Institution and leads to Identification Documents . We are aiming for roundabout 175 of these technologies in the game on release, split up across the three trees. Many countries will start with 20-30 of these technologies already researched, as their starting economies, legal systems, militaries, and diplomatic relations rely on them. On average, leading edge countries will discover perhaps one new technology per year, though this pace can vary greatly from country to country. An early part of the Society tech tree that deals mostly with finance and diplomacy. While a pre-industrial country might want to prioritise crucial Production technologies, missing out on elementary Society ideas that let you adjust Relations or perform effective International Trade is inadvisable. A rapidly developing country without allies could easily fall under the influence of an ambitious Great Power. View attachment 784065 ​ Embarking on the research of a new technology is a simple matter of clicking on the tech in the tree you’d like to focus on, and time will take care of the rest. But time is perhaps your most precious resource in Victoria 3, since falling behind your neighbours could be a death sentence - or at least might force you to cede your right to self-determination. The pace at which your research progresses is therefore of the utmost importance. The rate by which countries develop new technologies is measured by Innovation . All countries start with a small amount of Innovation capacity. Those countries who can afford to do so can construct and fund University buildings, which employ Academics and Clerks to boost Innovation and thereby speed up the pace at which a country discovers new things. Another way to improve research speed is to ensure the Industrialists, Armed Forces, or Intelligentsia are satisfied with the state of the country, as this will cause the effective cost of Production, Military, and Society techs respectively to drop. If only one of these groups are pleased with the society you’ve built, this will incentivize focusing your research on that tree since it’s relatively advantageous. As a result, a country with a large army and Laws favouring Patriotic, Loyalist, and Jingoist Ideologies would also progress faster in their Military technologies, though they may fall behind on Production and Society. The amount of Innovation you can use to actively research your chosen technology is capped by your country’s Literacy . Even if your Universities are top-notch, your country’s ability to effectively incorporate new learnings will be hampered by a poorly educated population. Those countries who aim to be the guiding light of global progress must maintain a solid primary school system in addition to Universities that carry out their research. Mexico is evidently on the fast-track of becoming the innovative powerhouse in the Americas, but its current Literacy rate doesn’t quite support making full directed use of the Universities they’ve built - for now. View attachment 784067 ​ Literacy is a product of a Pop’s Education Access. If a given Pop has 30% Education Access, over time 30% of individuals in that Pop will become Literate. The pace by which this value changes is dependent on the birth- and death rate of the Pop, since this sort of learning happens mostly in the early years. A Pop’s Wealth provides it with a base level of Education Access, and Wealth often varies substantially depending on Profession, making higher-paid Professions have greater Education Access. However, Literacy is often a limiting factor to a Pop’s ability to Qualify for those jobs in the first place, so relying solely on Wealth for Education Access could severely limit your country’s social mobility and opportunity for economic growth. This is where your school system comes in. The main source of Education Access comes from the Education Institution, which must be established by a Law and can be run by either the religious authorities, the private sector, or by a public administration depending on your school system Law. Each of these systems have their advantages: a religious school system keeps your priesthood strong and helps ensure unity of faith; a private school system works just peachy for Pops with high Wealth levels and ensures the working class don’t get strange ideas; and a public school system lets you enact mandatory schooling for children and encourages cultural assimilation. A country’s Literacy is simply the percentage of their Pops in Incorporated states that know how to read and write at any given point. This means that if the most educated people in your society decide they’ve had enough and move abroad, your average Literacy will drop, to the benefit of the other country. If a war utterly devastates the backwaters of your nation and slaughters the hundreds of thousands you conscripted to defend it, your average Literacy might increase. After the Texan Revolutionary War, these Clerks found themselves once again subjects of Mexico. While they currently all know how to read and write, their offspring are unlikely to enjoy the same benefits. Mexico has no formal school system in place and their Wealth doesn’t buy much of an education. To add insult to injury the Catholic Church Interest Group in Mexico is currently spreading Pious Fiction to ensure the children aren’t led astray by heretical ideas. The next generation of Clerks are unlikely to qualify to follow in their parents’ footsteps. View attachment 784068 ​ All technology is organised into Eras , which are rough estimates of progress through the game’s timespan. Anything in Era I is considered pre-1836 technology, going back as far as the very idea of Rationalism to the invention of Steelworking . Era II ranges from the start of the game to around the 1860s - Railways and Percussion Cap ammunition both belong here (though some countries did have railways a little earlier than 1836; this is not an exact science). Era III runs from the early 1860s to the end of the 1880s, and includes Civilizing Mission as a justification for colonisation and Pumpjacks , heralding the rise of the oil industry. Era IV from late 1880 to the early 20th century includes both War Propaganda and Film , both which might make it easier to justify the horrors which are to come in Era V - including Battleships , Chemical Warfare , and Stormtroopers . Era V also sees truly modern civilian inventions such as the Oil Turbine to make Electricity from Oil and Paved Roads to improve your national infrastructure. The Eras act as an indicator of roughly where you are at in a given tree, but also serves a role in ensuring that rushing a certain late-game technology is difficult. Not only do technologies in later Eras take more innovative effort to research, but each technology you have not yet researched in that tree from previous Eras makes it harder and harder to make progress. This means techs aren’t unlocked on specific years in Victoria 3, and there is never a hard block preventing you from making your Universities develop technologies earlier than they were historically invented. But keep in mind that it’s a less efficient use of time and resources, so ensure that acquiring that technology ahead of everyone else is actually crucial for your strategy, as it will not come easily. Trying to take a shortcut from the Atmospheric Engine (Era I) through Water-tube Boiler (II) and Rotary Valve Engine (IIII) straight to Combustion Engine (IV) so you’re able to manufacture Automobiles in the mid-1800s is certainly possible given enough money and grit, but would be far from the best use of your resources. Even skipping a few Era III Production techs before going for the Combustion Engine could easily yield this 30% time penalty, the difference which might buy you a whole Era III tech. Besides, you might want to research Rubber Mastication and set up a few Rubber Plantations before you start building Automobiles, unless you want your factories to be wholly dependent on foreign rubber for the tires... View attachment 784070 ​ The final yet crucial point about technological development is that government funding and steering of national research is not the dominant way most countries are exposed to new ideas. For each of the three categories of technology (Production, Military, and Society) there is always one technology that is spreading in your country. Which exact tech that spreads to you in each category is out of your hands, but it will always be something in your current technological Era which has already been invented elsewhere. The speed by which technology spreads to you is highly dependent on your population’s Literacy. In addition, any Innovation you generate in excess of the Literacy cap is funnelled into improving tech spread rate. In other words, oversizing your Universities compared to your school system can assist in catching up to the rest of the world but can never be used to get ahead of the others. Technology spread is also affected by your Freedom of Speech Laws. Stricter censorship provides you with more Authority but hinders the assimilation of new knowledge throughout your country. This is often to your detriment but could also very well be exactly what you intended! The downside of having a well-educated population is that they get exposed to foreign ideas more easily, and some of those ideas might not be what you had in mind. A bit more state control over what people are allowed to talk about can help keep your population focused on the ideas you want them to know about. View attachment 784071 ​ The technology system in Victoria 3 is meant to shape and change the game as your campaign evolves. While a few techs apply straight bonuses to various attributes of your country, the primary function of most techs is to unlock new actions, options, and even challenges. Very often, discovering a new technology doesn’t have any immediate effect on your country but gives you new ways to run your country and new tools in your toolbox. The introduction of new inventions and ideas can also act as a catalyst for emerging situations in your country, with certain parts of your populace demanding these new developments be adopted - or shunned. Much of this is driven by the Journal system which we will talk more about in a few weeks, but before that we will cover another feature of crucial importance to grand strategy games - Flags! See you next week! Click to expand...

Muezzinzade

What have the primitives ever done for us

So all technologies are researched simultaneously at snail pace but I can push one individual tech?  

How are the wages of university staff calculated? Is it based on the average income of the country, the average of the middle strata, or something else?  

Second Lieutenant

Will certain nations start the game with negative research modifiers from the start of the game?  

Lucododosor

Seems quite nice! Any mechanic that allows us to import a technology from other countries, tho?  

We have technology  

Matteo32345

Nice dev diary, nonetheless it seems to be a bit abstract, that the only meaningful impact on the actual research capabilities of a country is the number of universities that they have on their national territory. The literacy component is a direct consequence of your education fundings and effort anyway. Also, universities are little more than a "burn money & employ educated people" to produce innovation. The fact that the player is then able to dedicate 100% of the technological efforts of the British Empire into researching organized sports (example), seems a bit off to me. And while nonetheless, this system is already a thing in Victoria 2, I had hoped for a slightly bolder change. The way tech is handled seems like an awkward mix of Emperor's Rome tech tree, Vicky 2's complete focus of all the technological effort at once. And HOI4 research penalty.  

I wonder how the technology that is spreading through your country is chosen? Maybe it could be influenced by what you have in your country, so one with lots of mines would be more likely to have mining technology spread in it, because there would be a lot of mine owners who would pick up those ideas from elsewhere.  

noblehunter

I’m getting the impression that technological progress isn’t framed as “the government chooses to research X” but that X is invented/discovered/accepted/adopted by people and it just so happens that the player can determine X. While there were certainly government funded research programs during this period, the Civilization-style approach of choosing research annoys me with the implication of ahistorical government control over innovation.  

BrytonJSwan

Hatched from an egg from the bottom of the sea.

Pretty straight forward, but seems like pretty good stuff. Easily he best part of this to me is the fact that the technology mostly unlocks stuff instead of giving you bonuses. I genuinely feels hate in my heart every time I have to mess around with little finicky stat buffs in any video game, just really makes me displeased. Unlocking stuff is way more in my wheelhouse personally. I will note that this is the first Dev Diary for me which is just totally and utterly overshadowed by the announcement of next weeks dev diary topic FLAGS BABY LETS GOOOOOO FLAGS WOOOOO  

Make Victoria 3

state press and censored press should allow the player to suppress certain ideas, but not be a static penalty to tech/idea spread. So if you don't want your pops to get any silly separatist, socialist or fascist ideas then you can just suppress these. In the case of state press it should even be possible to promote ideas you want to spread. The advantage of a free press would be that you don't need bureaucrats to oversee it, while with censored or state press the pops who have oppressed thoughts are more militant. copied from the discord feedback. Also it seems that there is a hard cap to innovation per week of 200 when literacy is at 100%? This should not be the case and assuming that it is the national literacy it would also mean conquering and incorporating large amounts of land with illiterate people would harm your research progress which would not make much sense either. So at least it should be changed to something like max innovation is base 100 + avg. literacy*total pops*some modifier to reduce it to reasonable levels. luxembourgh was certainly not backwards, but they were not really famous for cutting edge technology either.  

MrMineHeads

Great dev diary. One question: can you import more technologically advanced arms (relative to what your country itself can manufacture) from a foreign nation, and if so, would it be possible to get a "discount" to researching the tech needed to manufacture said arms? For example, if Germany buys tanks from the UK but it itself cannot manufacture tanks because it doesn't have the tech, because it imports it from the UK, will it have a boost if it tries to research Tank Techs?  

How Victoria 3 Qualifications Work?

In this guide, we'll walk you through how Pop's qualifications and employment work in Victoria 3 and how you can manage them.

Victoria 3 is all about giving its player the taste of what may feel like running a state or nation in the 19 th century. Therefore, it incorporates in-game hyper-realistic mechanisms that require understanding and proper upkeeping to flourish. The same is the case with Victoria 3’s economic machinery that focuses on Pop’s Professions and Qualifications that help them to expand industries or integrate into new ones.

In this guide, we’ll walk you through how Pop’s qualifications and employment work in Victoria 3 and how you can manage them. So without further ado, let’s begin.

How qualifications work in Victoria 3 and impact on pops

Changing Pop’s profession and obtaining a certain qualification is a totally automated process in Victoria 3; however, it requires some prior understanding that will make the whole process a lot easier for you.

Knowing what kind of businesses will aid in the economic growth of your state will give you a better approach to building industries from the grassroots level. For example, let’s say you want rapid industrialization to happen for better economic growth; you must ensure you have enough Pops with Machinist jobs.

And if you want to increase the production of a certain building that you have constructed, you need to ensure that only those Pops fill up the spots that have the relevant qualifications for it to achieve the effect you’re aiming for.

Or, in case you fear civil unrest or social mobility may rise anytime soon, and it may go against you and the law of countries, you need to make sure you have enough soldiers to handle things.

The point being, every Pop has an important function that aids in larger projects of your state, and you need to have a certain amount of them to handle different things.

How pop professions work

To help you understand things further, let’s dive into what Pop professions are in Victoria 3 and what it entails.

Every Pop in the game has a certain profession that determines their social standing in society. Their occupation will influence several things, such as wages, politics, and interest group affiliations of a certain region.

Unlike in Victoria 2, where Pops were categorized through ‘Pop Type,’ which was all about their functions in the country, in Victoria 3, they are categorized by ‘Profession.’

Pop Profession focuses more on the building Pops are employed at and what production method is activated there.

Moreover, unlike Victoria 2, where Pops would easily get a job and independently execute it, in the latest installment, it is required to look for Pops and assign them to positions where they are hiring and suits their profession.

This has a major impact on your employment rate, hence why players must expand various sectors to increase opportunities for Pop hiring to overcome any decline in the economy.

While some may argue this approach can make things hard, it is great in terms of having more control over in which region should the job opportunities must be created and what production methods can motivate a demographic shift to get a more localized effect.

Moreover, the Pop profession approach also helps players to use Pops of a certain profession in a different industry to create a different effect.

As a result, you use them with more versatility and make them an active part of specific production methods.

Types of Pop professions

Following are the Pop Professions that are included in Victoria 3;

• Aristocrats
• Bureaucrats
• Shopkeepers

How to hire pops

For players to hire Pops for a building that may represent an entire industrial sector, they will get their hands on them through the pool of Pops that already exist in the state. Some will be, unemployed, while some may be already doing jobs.

You’ll have to make sure you are meeting two main conditions before you hire them; Give them a higher wage than their already existing job, and they must have the qualifications of that profession.

How pop qualification works

Now that you know what Pop Professions are and how many exist in Victoria 3, let’s look into Pop Qualifications, an interlinked mechanism.

Pop Qualifications in the game will let players determine how much of their workforce can adopt certain Professions, so they have the ability to expand them into various areas.

The professions in the game are updated once the delivered performance in the job exceeds the expected performance. The qualifications will follow a Pop as they move. So you’ll be able to see an individual’s record and their qualifications.

Moreover, there will be a breakdown of how they moved in between jobs – both internally within the industry and between roles.

However, it is important to know that buildings won’t hire Pops who don’t meet the Qualifications for the required Profession.

So make sure you’re placing and developing them for productive work environments for their ‘Monthly Change in Qualifications’ to build up for good and give them better job opportunities and chances to expand.

One thing you need to remember is that you’re required to segment your Pops and develop them into the professions that will help you in the longer run.

Let’s say you have a majority of Bureaucrats, but you run into budgetary problems and have to shut down their workplaces for liquidation purposes; these Pops will instantly be deprived of jobs and eventually will be eliminated from your useful workforce.

This can set you back, and this is where you need to learn that your Pops must be placed logically into various economic niches.

The qualifaction mechanism in the game is all about how you develop Pops into different subsets and how you create demand for them by increasing the capacity and retaining them by offering competitive wages.

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• 2024-05-06 - Sphere of Influence expansion to be released
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• 2024-03-06 - Train Pack deep dive
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• 2023-12-20 - A Very Victorian Holiday and New Year's Greetings!
• 2023-11-13 - Victoria 3 - 1.5 Update
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• 2024-03-28 - Dev Diary #111 - Subject Improvements
• 2024-03-28 - Dev Diary #110 - Building Ownership & Foreign Investment
• 2024-03-21 - Dev Diary #109 - Power Blocs
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