a short essay on flooding

Flood Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on flood.

Flood is one of the most dangerous natural disasters. It happens when excessive water is collected in any area. It usually happens due to heavy rainfall. India is highly prone to flood. There are many regions in the country that face this natural disaster because of the overflowing of rivers. Moreover, it also happens because of the melting of snow. Another reason for floods is when the dam breaks down. If we look at the coastal areas, the hurricanes and tsunamis are held responsible for causing floods. In this essay on flood, we will see the prevention and after-affect of flood.

In other words, whatever the cause may be, it is equally dangerous. It has a lot of harmful consequences. Flood damages the living conditions and it takes a lot of time to recover from this disaster. Therefore, the consequences of floods must be known and steps must be taken to prevent it.

After-effects of Flood

Floods interrupt with the day to day functioning of the affected area. The severe floods sometimes cause mass destruction. A lot of people and animals lose their lives due to floods. Several others are injured. Floods also bring a rise in diseases. The stagnant water attracts mosquitoes causing malaria , dengue, and more illnesses.

Furthermore, people face power cuts due to the danger of electrocution. They also have to face expensive pricing. As the supply of food and goods gets limited, the prices naturally grow higher. This creates a big problem for the common man.

Most importantly, the whole country faces economic loss. The resources needed to rescue people and tackle this disaster demands a hefty amount. Plus, the citizens lose their houses and cars which they worked all their lives for.

Subsequently, floods also hamper the environment. It causes soil erosion and this degrades the quality of the soil. We lose out on fertile soil. Similarly, floods also damage flora and fauna. They damage crops and displace trees. Thus, the measure should be taken to avoid these grave consequences.

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Ways to Prevent flood

The government and citizens must work together to formulate ways to prevent floods. Proper awareness must be spread about the steps to take when floods occur. Warning systems must be set up so people get sufficient time to save themselves. In addition, areas that are more likely to have floods must have tall buildings above the flood level.

Other than that, dams must be constructed strongly. The use of cheap materials causes dams to break. The government must ensure there is a quality building of dams to prevent floods.

In short, we cannot prevent natural causes like rain and the melting of glaciers. However, we can stop the manmade causes like breaking of dams, poor drainage system, installing warning systems and more. We should take inspiration from countries like Singapore that never experience floods despite having heavy rainfall for most time of the year.

FAQ on Flood Essay

Q.1 what are the consequences of a flood.

A.1 Floods cause immense destruction. They are responsible for the loss of human and animal lives. People lose their homes and cars in floods. They also cause soil erosion and uproot of trees.

Q.2 How can we prevent floods?

A.2 Governments must take up certain measures to prevent floods. We can install flood warning systems. Make people aware of what to do in times of flood. Moreover, we can also build a proper drainage system that will ensure no waterlogging.

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Flood Essay

Floods are natural disasters that occur when a body of water, such as a river or ocean, overflows its banks and spills onto the surrounding land. This can happen for a variety of reasons, including heavy rainfall, melting snow, and storms . Here are a few sample essays on floods.

100 Words Essay on Floods

Floods are naturally occurring phenomena that are caused due to overflowing water bodies. A flood can be just a small occurrence that can cause some travel issues to highly destructive events that can cause significant damage to homes, businesses, and infrastructure. In addition to physical damage, floods can also lead to loss of life and can have long-term impacts on the affected communities.

To protect against floods, people can take steps such as building floodwalls and levees and elevating homes and other structures in flood-prone areas. It is also important for individuals to be prepared for floods by having an emergency plan in place and staying informed about potential flooding in their area.

200 Words Essay On Floods

Floods are natural disasters that occur due to overflowing water sources like ponds, oceans and rivers. The reasons for the occurrence of floods can be heavy rainfall, loose soil, melting of snow, breaking of dams etc.

Impact | The impacts of floods can be far-reaching and long-lasting. In addition to physical damage to homes, businesses, and infrastructure, floods can also lead to loss of life. Floodwaters can carry dangerous debris and pollutants, making them a health hazard for people and animals. Floods can also have economic impacts, as they can disrupt transportation and commerce, and can destroy crops and other sources of food.

Prevention | People living nearby water bodies take preventative measures to reduce the impact of flood damage. Building elevated homes, planting more trees to soak up an extra amount of water, having an escape plan in case of emergencies etc. It is also important for individuals to be prepared for floods by having an emergency plan in place and staying informed about potential flooding in their area. In the event of a flood, it is important to follow the advice of local authorities and evacuate if instructed.

Overall, floods are serious natural disasters that can have significant impacts on communities. By taking steps to protect against floods and being prepared for them, people can reduce the risks and impacts of this type of disaster.

500 Words Essay on Floods

Floods are a common natural disaster that occurs when excess water overflows onto land that is normally dry. This can happen for a number of reasons, including heavy rainfall, snowmelt, and coastal storms.

Types Of Floods

There are several different types of floods, each with its own characteristics and potential impacts. Flash floods, for example, are caused by sudden, intense rainfall and can happen within minutes or hours. They can be particularly dangerous because they often catch people off guard and can lead to flash flooding in urban areas.

On the other hand, river floods are caused by water flowing over the banks of rivers and streams. These floods can be more gradual, giving people time to evacuate and prepare, but they can also be very destructive.

Coastal floods, also known as storm surges, are caused by strong winds and high tides associated with coastal storms, such as hurricanes. These floods can be extremely destructive, as they can cause not only flooding but also strong winds and waves that can damage buildings and infrastructure.

Biggest Floods Recorded On Earth

One of the biggest floods in history was the 1931 China floods , also known as the Central China Floods . These floods were caused by heavy rainfall and the collapse of the Banqiao Dam. The floods affected an estimated 54 million people and resulted in the deaths of 145,000 people.

Another major flood was the 1993 Mississippi River Flood , which affected parts of the United States, including Missouri, Illinois, and Kentucky . The floods were caused by heavy rainfall and resulted in the deaths of 50 people and caused billions of dollars in damages.

In 1998, the Yangtze River Flood in China also caused widespread destruction. The floods, which were the result of heavy rainfall, affected millions of people and resulted in the deaths of over 4,000 people. The floods also caused billions of dollars in damages.

Another recent and devastating flood was the 2010 Pakistan floods, which affected the Indus River Basin in Pakistan. The floods, which were caused by heavy monsoon rains, affected an estimated 20 million people and resulted in the deaths of over 1,700 people.

Forest To Prevent Floods

Forests play a critical role in preventing floods. Trees and other vegetation in forests can act as natural barriers which absorb water. Hence, reducing the speed of flowing water and thereby reducing the risk of flooding.

When it rains, the leaves and branches of trees absorb a significant amount of water. The roots of trees also help to hold the soil in place, preventing it from eroding and being carried away by the water. This helps to reduce the amount of water that flows over the surface and into rivers and streams, lowering the risk of flooding.

In addition to absorbing water, forests also help to regulate the flow of water by releasing it slowly into rivers and streams. This helps to prevent sudden, large increases in water levels that can lead to flooding. Trees and other vegetation can help to reduce the force of the water and protect against erosion, which can help to minimise the damage caused by floods.

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Speech therapist, gynaecologist.

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Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Photographer

Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.

An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story. 

They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.

Copy Writer

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In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. 

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article. 

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Individuals who opt for a career as a reporter may often be at work on national holidays and festivities. He or she pitches various story ideas and covers news stories in risky situations. Students can pursue a BMC (Bachelor of Mass Communication) , B.M.M. (Bachelor of Mass Media) , or  MAJMC (MA in Journalism and Mass Communication) to become a reporter. While we sit at home reporters travel to locations to collect information that carries a news value.  

Corporate Executive

Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.

Multimedia Specialist

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans. 

Process Development Engineer

The Process Development Engineers design, implement, manufacture, mine, and other production systems using technical knowledge and expertise in the industry. They use computer modeling software to test technologies and machinery. An individual who is opting career as Process Development Engineer is responsible for developing cost-effective and efficient processes. They also monitor the production process and ensure it functions smoothly and efficiently.

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party. 

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems. 

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

Information Security Manager

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

ITSM Manager

Automation test engineer.

An Automation Test Engineer job involves executing automated test scripts. He or she identifies the project’s problems and troubleshoots them. The role involves documenting the defect using management tools. He or she works with the application team in order to resolve any issues arising during the testing process. 

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Essay On Floods – 10 Lines, Short & Long Essay For Children

Key Points To Remember When Writing An Essay On The Flood For Lower Primary Classes

10 lines on the flood for kids, a paragraph on the flood for children, 200-word essay on the flood for kids, long essay on the flood for children, what will your child learn from this essay.

Flooding occurs when water from water bodies like rivers, lakes, and ponds builds up and overflows due to significant rainfall. Flooding causes severe challenges for the residents in flooded areas, significantly impairs people’s ability to live normally, and destroys agricultural products, which impacts farmers. Encouraging children to write essays about floods will help create more awareness among the kids so they can be mindful of what they can do to prevent them, and it will also equip them with strategies they can use in the event of a flood. To help with this, here are a few ideas for writing an essay on the flood in English. The article covers different kinds of essays on the flood for classes 1, 2 & 3.

There are some basic pointers to keep in mind when writing an essay. Here are some tips that you can use as a guide to write about the flood:

• Essay writing is a delicate art, and each age group of students is expected to cover different points in their essays.
• Write an introductory paragraph about what floods are.
• Extrapolate this to various reasons that cause floods.
• Speak about what one can do to prevent them.
• Conclude the essay with an impactful paragraph.

Essays in the form of bullet points are suitable for small kids. Here are 10 lines on floods for kids:

• A flood occurs when a place is run over with a great volume of water, causing destruction.
• Floods not only cause extensive property damage and destruction but also claim many lives.
• Each year, floods strike several regions of the world and cause numerous fatalities.
•  Floods are caused by excessive rainfall and an area’s poor drainage system.
• Sometimes, a bad storm in a place is followed by floods, which leads to double damage.
• Farmers are severely impacted by flooding because it ruins their crops and land fertility.
• Accumulated flood water in one location can make people sick with many ailments.
• When there is a severe flood, the availability of essential supplies gets impacted.
• The government must build an effective drainage system to lessen the effects of floods.
• Before floods begin, early warning systems should be implemented, and people should be sent to safe locations.

Short paragraphs are easy for small kids who can quickly understand the subject. Here is a short paragraph about floods:

A flood is a natural occurrence in which a normally dry area or piece of land is suddenly covered in water. Because of excessive rainfall in many different ways, rivers, lakes, and oceans overflow. People lose their lives, and there is devastation and significant property damage when heavy rain occurs. Flooding has the power to damage properties, automobiles, homes, and even bridges. Floods can harm trees, crops, and other crucial land resources. These floods can vary in size, duration, and region; some take days or even months to develop and dissipate. The majority of the positions occur in waves. Rain, ruined waterfalls, and hurricanes are a few factors contributing to flooding in various locations.

Here is a short essay on floods. Kids can use this essay for their assignments:

Places that have an excessive amount of rainfall and an inadequate drainage system may experience flooding. Other reasons for the flood include water pouring from rivers and oceans due to a dam failure, too much water moving through the plains, and increased water due to abrupt glacier melting. Flooding is a result of hurricanes and tsunamis in coastal locations. In addition to other natural disasters, flooding can also cause extensive damage. Around the world, numerous towns and cities are experiencing severe flooding, which can harm both people and animals as well as cause damage to land and plants. The flood also impacts farmers since the weather wastes their crops. When severe flood conditions prevail, offices and schools are shuttered, affecting how people live their everyday lives. Extreme flood-prone areas require months to return to normalcy. The irony is that while the government is aware of some places that are frequently flooded, no appropriate action is taken to address the issue. The government should create adequate drainage and water storage infrastructure to tackle this issue.

Older children are required to write long essays covering many different points. To help with this, here is an essay for class 3 children on floods:

What Is A Flood?

One of the frequent natural disasters is flooding, which results from copious rain and the buildup of surplus water in all populated areas. A flood is when water seeps through cracks and covers the dry ground, and it happens when water sources flow outside their normal range. Floods can occur when reservoirs overflow or pour down rain for days in areas where the drainage systems are not adequately maintained. Floods may occur naturally or be aided by environmental conditions disrupting the flow of water. Intense climate changes, including strong storms, snowfall, and rising sea levels, are associated with global warming, and such alterations in the atmosphere cause flooding.

Different Types Of Flood

There are different types of floods that can occur. Understanding the different types of floods is important to maintain accurate preventive measures. Listed below are the various types:

1. Fluvial Floods

River flood is another name for a fluvial flood. They occur when water from rivers, lakes, and streams rushes onto surrounding shorelines and land areas. Fluvial floods can occur due to increased snowfall, ice melting, and significant rainfall. Fluvial floods can inflict extensive damage by destroying dams and dikes and flooding the surrounding communities.

2. Floods Caused By Surges 

Coastal floods are another name for surge floods. Floods that arise in the coastal areas because of storm surges and tidal changes are called surge floods. Surges are produced when strong winds from a windstorm, tsunami, or hurricane push water toward low-lying shorelines. Surge floods are at their most destructive during high tides.

3. Pluvial Floods

Floods caused by heavy rain are also known as pluvial floods. However, they can occur even in locations far from the overflowing water bodies and are independent of those bodies of water. Surface water floods and flash floods are the two types of pluvial floods.

What Are The Causes & Effects Of A Flood?

Causes of a flood.

• Natural Causes: Heavy rains, earthquakes, and tsunamis are examples of natural causes of floods. Intense rainstorms are brought on by climate change. Floods can occur when there is more rain than usual. Due to the heavy rain, the water levels in the rivers and oceans rise.
• Global Warming: One of the unnatural causes of floods is global warming. It raises the planet’s average temperature, which significantly impacts the climate. Mountain top ice melts, causing glacier sheets to fall. This further increases the amount of seawater and causes flooding.

Effects Of A Flood

• Mass Destruction: Following the floods, widespread loss of human life, property, infrastructure, and vegetation is not uncommon. The majority of survivors suffer injuries. Animals perish, and the soil quality of the drowned region declines.
• Power Cuts: Floods lead to extended power cuts due to the destruction.
• Shortage in Food Supply: Food supply and necessities are scarce.
• Diseases: Flood aftereffects include spreading water-borne illnesses like dengue, malaria, etc.

What Are The Ways To Prevent A Flood?

1. Build Structures Above Flood Levels 

In order to protect both the residents and the property, buildings in flood-prone areas must be built on higher grounds than the flood level.

2. Systems for Flood Warning 

Better flood warning systems must be installed immediately to provide people ample time to prepare themselves and their things for the impending disaster.

3. Erect Flood Barriers

Flood barriers should be implemented in locations prone to flooding. When the water has subsided, these can be taken out.

4. Water Storage System Introduction

The government must establish water storage infrastructure to store and reuse rainwater. Instead of allowing it to overflow on the plains and causing flooding, this will allow the extra water to be used.

5. Consolidate the Drainage System 

The inadequate drainage system is one of the primary causes of floods. Building effective drainage systems are crucial to preventing water logging, which causes flooding.

Your children will learn about the different causes of floods through this essay. They will also learn about the aftereffects of floods and ways to prevent and deal with them. It will also help them gain a good command of English.

This article gives you all the necessary information about floods. Your children can use this as a reference to complete their essay assignments.

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Essay on Flood for Students and Children in 1000+ Words

In this post read an Essay on Flood (Natural Disaster) for Students and Children in 1000+ Words.

Table of Contents

Essay on Flood (1000+ Words)

This essay includes what is flood?, its causes, effect, and preventive measures.

What is Flood?

A flood is a natural disaster that arises due to excessive runoff of water in the rivers due to rainfall . This causes the water of rivers to come out from the edges and flow into the plains. Floods can last from a few hours to a few days, but it can cause great harm to people, money and crops.

Causes of Flood

Among the most severe natural hazards are floods. This happens in every environment where excessive water is stored. Generally, it is heavy rainfall. In India, there is a strong probability of floods.

Due to heavy river rains, several places in the world face natural disaster . Besides, the breaking of the dam is another cause of a flood. Furthermore, this is also triggered by melting ice.

If we aim at coastal regions, floods are liable for hurricanes or tsunamis. We should look at flood avoidance and its long term side-effects throughout this essay about floods. Nevertheless, it really is equally risky, but whatever cause might be.

This has some negative effects. Floods cause harm to living conditions or recovery from this tragedy takes a very long time. The effects of flooding should therefore be understood, and steps should be taken to avoid them.

Effect of Flood

The day-to-day operation of the flood-affected region was disrupted. Extreme floods cause immense devastation often. Owing to flooding, many individuals, or animals risk their lives. Many more are being wounded. Floods raise illnesses, as well. Stagnant weather, due to malaria, dengue, and much more illnesses, attracts insects.

Moreover, due to electrical risks, individuals face power outages. They face expensive costs, too. Prices inevitably rise as the availability of food and products become reduced.

This, for the average man, is a big issue. Most significantly, economic losses are suffered by the entire world. To save lives and deal with this tragedy, a huge amount of resources are needed. At the very same time, people are losing their homes or their vehicles, which they have dedicated all their lives to.

Floods also ultimately damage the climate. This triggers soil erosion which degrades the consistency of the soil. On a fertile planet, we are destroyed.

Floods also do damage to fauna and flora in the same way. Crops are destroyed, & trees are displaced. Steps to prevent these serious effects should also be taken.

Ways to Prevent flood

To devise solutions to avoid flooding, government and people must work together. Proper knowledge of these steps can be taken and disseminated in the aftermath of a natural disaster.

In order for people to get enough time to defend themselves, an alert system must be established. Furthermore, areas more vulnerable to flooding must have elevated buildings just above the point of flooding.

In addition, an effective system for processing excessive water due to bad weather should be usable. Excess water can avoid this. Reinforcing the drainage scheme is among the most critical steps. This will eliminate water-logging, to prevent flooding.

The dams must, however, be heavily built. The use of inexpensive materials breaks dams must be applied and government should ensure that the efficiency of dams is designed to stop flooding.

We have split the causes of floods into two stages viz: organic and inorganic floods. First, natural floods would be addressed.

Natural floods

Floods are called natural floods due to natural factors.

1. Excess of rain –  often at one location there is a lot of constant rainfall due to that there is water logging all over, and it comes in the form of flooding in a certain period.

2. Cloud Burst  -A large volume of water that flows in the next few hours due to bursting of a cloud, because from which the water flows at a high pace as well as a flood situation occurs, the clouds mainly burst and in mountain terrain. Due to thunderstorm, the Uttarakhand region is flooded every other year in their region.

3. Melting of ice from the glacier- The glaciers are starting to melt even more snow owing to the increase in the Earth’s temperature that causes the water to fall from the mountains at a high velocity so this water has become so high. That one can easily knock out every town or village and fully submerge it.

4. When rivers are overflowing-  A significant volume of drainage into the rivers is caused by excess rainfall and melting snow, allowing the water to abandon its course and flow around rather than flood its lowlands of cities and villages near the river , it goes.

5. Sea Flood – A tsunami is often considered the first flood of water. This happens when in certain areas of a sea, a cyclonic storm or even a powerful earthquake happens, due to that, high waves increase, or the seawater floods the villages and cities. This refers to areas for flooding. Because of this, many coastal communities of the sea are impacted very badly. Sea storm waves could be as higher than 10 feet, and that’s much more than the height of every building.

Unnatural floods

The work undertaken by human’s triggers unnatural floods are:

1. Dam Breakdown – Large reservoirs are designed for water storage by humans; however, the dam is not reinforced due of corruption and bad design that breaks up a dam full of thousands of liters of water in the next few years.

There is a heavy flow of water with this and the areas from around the dam were covered in water. Suddenly, the ward arrives, so citizens do not get an opportunity to regain, and there is further loss of life or property.

2. Flooding due to Global Warming – Global Warming This scenario has been produced by humans just because humans are harvesting indiscriminate trees, and also spreading a huge amount of pollution .

Since the global climate is rising while at the same time that Earth’s climate is also shifting because there is a lot of rain for certain areas, there is a lot of rain in certain areas and because of the increase in the temperature of the Earth, the ice mostly on glaciers Millions of liters of water accumulated in the form begins to melt because of the water crisis.

3. Plastic pollution – A large volume of plastic is often used in India, and this plastic is dumped in such open areas, however, this plastic is stuck in the hair created to drain the water because the water may not get in the hair when it rains as well as the flood situation occurs.

10 Lines on Flood

• The flood is an immense quantity of water that overflows covering a wide region that causes damage.
• Not only is the flood devastating a vast city, but it also takes several lives or destroys property.
• Each year, many regions of the world are hit by flooding, taking lots of lives.
• Lead to increasing rainfall or a lack of proper sewage system inside an area, flooding occurs. 
• In an area that causes double harm, floods often occur like an after-effect of a horrible cyclone.
• The farmers have to be the worst impacted citizens of the flood as flood kills their fields and also their land’s productivity.
• Flood water obtained at a specific location allows individuals to have different kinds of diseases.
• When the flood situation is serious, all the stores are closed, affecting the availability of essential products.
• In order to reduce the effects of flooding, the government must develop a strong drainage system.
• Early warning implementation must be carried out, and individuals are sent to safe areas until floods occur.

In short, natural factors, such as rain or melting glaciers, could not be avoided. We may escape human-made triggers, however, like dam breakage, bad drainage systems, installation of alarm systems, and much more. We must draw inspiration in countries such as Singapore that, for much of the year, do not experience floods despite heavy rain.

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The Many Effects of Flooding

Floods can be destructive to humans and the natural environment, but they also help to drive biodiversity and are essential to the functioning of many ecosystems.

Earth Science, Climatology, Geography, Physical Geography

1931 Yangtze River Flood

In 1931, water overwhelmed the banks of the Yangtze and Huai Rivers, resulting in the Central China flood. Killing at least hundreds of thousands and potentially millions of people, it was one of the worst flooding events in recorded history. Here, people near the Yangtze River are shown.

Photograph from Adrienne Livesey, Elaine Ryder, and Irene Brien

It is hardly surprising that rivers have been an important part of human history: They provide food, freshwater, and fertile land for growing crops. While water is essential to life, it can be a destructive force too. When rivers flood, the effects can be catastrophic. Flooding is one of the most common types of natural disaster, and the results are often fatal. The Central China flood of 1931, for example, was one of the worst flooding events in recorded history. The Yangtze and Huai Rivers broke their banks, killing as many as several million people. The aftermath was devastating; deadly waterborne diseases like dysentery and cholera spread quickly, and those who survived faced the threat of starvation. The human cost of flooding can be large, but events like this have a big impact on the natural world too, and the effects are not always negative. In fact, some ecosystems rely on seasonal flooding to drive ecological processes. Floods Can Harm Wildlife Flooding can have a negative effect on wildlife, causing drowning, disease proliferation, and habitat destruction. In 2012, hundreds of animals, including many vulnerable one-horned rhinos ( Rhinoceros unicornis ), were killed in floods that swamped Kaziranga National Park in the Indian state of Assam. Unpredictable floods can be harmful even to aquatic life. For example, fish can be displaced and their nests destroyed.

Floods Cause Sedimentation and Erosion Floodwater can also alter the landscape, for instance, by eroding riverbanks and causing them to collapse. As floodwater carries material from the eroded banks, it suspends sediment in the water, which can degrade water quality and lead to harmful blooms of algae. Suspended sediment eventually settles out of the water in a process called sedimentation, which can clog riverbeds and streams, smother aquatic organisms, and destroy habitats. Erosion and sedimentation have a more negative impact on ecosystems that are already degraded or heavily modified. Floods Carry Contamination Floodwater can be contaminated with pollutants such as agricultural pesticides , industrial chemicals, debris, and sewage. If contaminated floodwater enters the ocean it can affect water quality and disrupt delicate ecosystems, such as coral reefs. In February 2019, marine biologists feared for the safety of the Great Barrier Reef off the coast of Queensland, a state in Australia, after it was inundated with polluted floodwater. Floods Spread Diseases Floods are the leading cause of weather-related infectious disease outbreaks. Flooding events increase the chance of spreading waterborne diseases, such as hepatitis A and cholera. Receding floodwater can create stagnant pools of water, which provide the perfect breeding ground for mosquitoes, which can transmit malaria and other diseases. Flood events also lead to an increase in some forms of  zoonosis , such as leptospirosis. Floods Carry Nutrients While floods bring hazards, they also bring nutrients and essential components for life. Seasonal floods can renew ecosystems, providing life-giving waters in more ways than one. Floods transport vital nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic material, to the surrounding land. When the water recedes, it leaves sediment and nutrients behind on the floodplain. This rich, natural fertilizer improves soil quality and has a positive effect on plant growth, thus increasing productivity in the ecosystem. Ancient civilizations first arose along the deltas of seasonally flooded rivers, such as the Nile in Egypt, because they provided fertile soil for farmland. Floods Recharge Groundwater Floods can replenish underground water sources. Floodwater gets absorbed into the ground then percolates through layers of soil and rock, eventually reaching underground aquifers . These aquifers supply clean freshwater to springs, wells, lakes, and rivers. Ecosystems rely heavily on groundwater during dry spells when it may be the only supply of freshwater available. A good supply of groundwater has a positive impact on soil health and leads to more productive crop and pasture lands. Floods Can Trigger Breeding Events and Migrations Floods can trigger breeding events, migrations, and dispersal in some species. In 2016, thousands of water birds flocked to the Macquarie Marshes in the Australian state of New South Wales. Flooding had filled their wetland habitat for the first time in years, triggering a mass breeding event. In Cambodia, monsoon rains cause an annual flood pulse on the Mekong River that prompts migrations for some animals. The floodwaters cause the Tonle Sap river, which connects the Mekong River to Tonle Sap lake, to reverse its flow, filling the lake. When floodwater enters the lake, it triggers fish migrations, supporting one of the world’s most productive fisheries. Floods Can Boost Fish Stocks Small seasonal floods can be beneficial to native fish stocks and can help those fish outcompete invasive species that are not adapted to the river’s cycles. Sediment deposited on riverbeds during floods can provide a nursery site for small fish. Nutrients carried by floodwater can support aquatic food webs by boosting productivity. Floods Bring Life to Wetlands Wetlands are an extremely important ecosystem; approximately 40 percent of the world’s species rely on them. They filter water, mitigate flooding, and act as a carbon sink . The Okavango Delta in Botswana is a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Site and one of the world’s largest, most important wetland habitats. The river captures rainfall from far to the north in the highlands of Angola. This causes a flood pulse that replenishes the wetlands at the height of the dry season, providing a lush oasis in the Kalahari Desert. National Geographic Explorer Steve Boyes, with a team of scientists and Explorers, has participated in a series of expeditions to trace the Okavango from source to sand to protect the waters of this unique habitat. Floods are a force of nature, and their consequences, both positive and negative, are strongly felt by affected ecosystems. Floods can be destructive to humans and the natural environment, but they also help to drive biodiversity and are essential to the functioning of many ecosystems. Whether you regard floods as good or bad, one thing is for certain: The world would be a very different place without them.

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• Flood Essay

Essay on Flood

Students who are looking for a good essay to study on the topic of flood should not be worried anymore. That is because Vedantu has come up with a sample essay on the flood that students of any class of any educational board can refer to and study from. This essay is designed by subject experts in English who work with Vedantu to create more like these study materials on a regular basis. 

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FAQs on Flood Essay

1. What Are the Consequences of Floods? 

The damage caused by a flood is up to 90% when compared to other natural disasters. Major flooding causes loss of human and animal lives, they also cause severe damage to economic infrastructures. Floods also cause severe damage to government buildings and public properties.

2. How Do Satellites Help During Floods? 

Weathering satellites play an important role in monitoring flood situations over a large region and detecting floods. At ISRO (Indian space research organization) Optical remote sensing from geostationary platforms helps in providing rapid and valuable information on cloud patterns and rainfall patterns for a particular area. 

3. Is Vedantu's sample essay on floods PDF costly?

The brief and one-word answer to this question is, no. It is not costly. In fact, it is completely free of cost for students to access or even download. Almost all of the study materials students can find on Vedantu's website is completely free of cost and not for sale. It is open for everyone to access or download. Students don't need to pay any amount to access these study materials. They can just visit the website or download Vedantu's app to be able to access it.

4. Is Vedantu's sample essay on floods PDF downloadable?

To answer this question in one word, yes, this study material is downloadable. Students can click on the provided link on this page to download it. This link is in the form of a blue button with the text "Download PDF" written on it. After clicking on the provided download link, students will be asked to provide their Gmail ID to sign in on Vedantu's portal. After signing in, students can access the pdf version of the sample essay on floods from their mobile phones, laptops, personal computers, or tablets. 

5. Why is it necessary to learn flood management in school?

By teaching the topics like flood management or disaster management in schools, the students will be prepared for almost any type of natural or man-made disaster. It is entirely clear that teaching students about managing these tough times and helping others is a great way to create leaders. These young minds learning leadership from such a young age can really be the most important asset to the country. That is why teaching flood management or disaster management in schools is necessary. 

6. Can I use this essay on flood for my test or examination?

Yes, students can use this sample essay for academic application. These essays are designed by experts working at Vedantu. These experts are well versed in English and write essays in a manner that is most suitable for academic success. Also, these essays are completely up to date and relevant to the paper pattern followed by these educational boards. These essays are created in a way that will be helpful for students to score good marks in the examination. 

7. Is floods a big problem in India?

Yes, floods are a big problem in India. In fact, it is considered one of the most common natural disasters, if not the most common natural disaster in India. The heavy rivers like Brahmaputra or others from any part of the country almost always end up flooding the nearby areas in monsoon. Amongst a few causes of floods are extreme precipitation, unplanned urban growth, degradation of the environment, frequent changes in monsoon etc. The most flood-prone areas in India are Punjab, Haryana, Gangetic plains, etc.

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Essay on Flood for Students & Children in English [Easy Words*]

January 16, 2021 by Sandeep

Essay on Flood: A natural disaster occurs when water excessively overflows in a particular area on account of heavy rainfall called floods. When the water level rises in rivers and overflows into neighbouring areas, it cannot be contained, and situations go beyond control. It causes loss to human and animal lives and public property. Mass destruction leads to power cuts, shortage of food and water supply, washing away of houses, the spread of malaria, dengue and other diseases.

Essay on Flood 500 Words in English

Below we have provided Flood Essay in English, suitable for class 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 & 10.

Flood is one of the most reoccurring and dangerous natural disasters . It happens as a result of persistent rainfalls or due to the accumulation of excess water in an area. Flood water submerges the dry land and has a destructive effect on the surrounding environment.

India has witnessed some of the deadliest floods. Loss of lives and properties are a few of the drastic effects of the flood. Recovering from the large-scale damages done by floods can take a lot of time. We cannot prevent these, but we can somewhat minimize the destruction in the future. To do that, we need to understand the different causes, types, and consequences of the flood.

What Causes a Flood?

Various natural and unnatural events lead to flooding conditions. The natural causes include heavy rainfall, earthquakes , and tsunamis . Climate change is responsible for triggering torrential rains. More than average levels of rain can cause floods. The water levels in the rivers and oceans rise due to heavy rain.

In some areas, water from the sewers starts flowing on the streets. When there is an overflow of water from the reservoirs, the nearby areas get affected by the flood. Often dams, which control the reservoir water, break open. This can submerge the low lying areas. There have been cases where earthquakes have caused tsunamis. This can lead to flooding in the coastal zones.

Global warming is one of the unnatural causes of floods. It increases the Earth’s overall temperature, which results in drastic climatic changes. Top ice covers of the mountains melt, and glacier sheets collapse. This further increases the seawater content and leads to floods.

Different Types of Floods

There are several kinds of floods. Before you step ahead and make plans for its control, you need to have a better understanding of its types. This is because each of them has its own sets of cause, damage, and preventive measures. Floods can be classified into three different types-surge floods, fluvial floods, and pluvial floods.

Fluvial Floods: Fluvial floods are also known as river floods. They happen when water overflows from rivers, lakes, and streams to the nearby shores and land regions. Increased snowing, ice melting, and heavy rainfalls can lead to fluvial floods. The damage from fluvial floods can be far-reaching as it can cause dams and dikes to break and submerge the nearby areas.

Surge Floods: Surge floods are also known as coastal floods. Floods that arise in the coastal areas because of storm surges and tidal changes are called surge floods. High winds from a windstorm, tsunami, or hurricane create surges and force water to the low-lying shores. During high tides, surge floods are at their most devastating state.

Pluvial Floods: Pluvial floods are also the outcome of heavy rainfall. However, they are independent of the overflowing water bodies and can even happen in areas far from the water bodies. Pluvial floods are of two types- surface water floods and flash floods.

Consequences of Flood

Floods are undoubtedly destructive, and they disrupt our lives. Mass destruction of lives, infrastructure, properties, and vegetation is a common sight after the floods. Most of the survivors get injured. They lose their home and cars for which they worked so hard in their lives. Animals die, and the submerged area loses its quality of the soil. Displaced trees and electrocuted poles can be found everywhere.

Elongated power cuts to avoid electrocution eventually become expensive. Food supply and common goods are hard to find. Things become chaotic, and this does not stop here. The after-effects of floods include the spreading of water-borne diseases like dengue, malaria, etc. All these things collectively affect a nation’s economy. Rescue operations and measures to control this natural disaster demand a lot of money.

Ways to Prevent Flood

Establishing proper flood warning systems is a great way to lessen the impact. Meteorological departments must be well-equipped to create awareness at the right moment. This ensures people are warned ahead of time, and mass evacuation can be accomplished. Construction of tall buildings in flood zones is likely to save more lives.

The government must start implementing measures to store excess water. Construction of water storage units can be effective in reusing the extra water from heavy rains. It will prevent the overflow of water in the flood plains. Above all, a proper drainage system is necessary if we want to battle against the odds. If we avoid water logging, we can avoid pluvial floods.

Essay on A Flood Scene

Students are often asked to write an essay on A Flood Scene in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on A Flood Scene

Introduction.

A flood scene is a distressing sight. When rivers overflow their banks, it leads to floods.

The Onset of Flood

Heavy, continuous rainfall causes rivers to swell. The water level rises, eventually flooding the surrounding areas.

During the Flood

Houses get submerged, people and animals struggle for safety. The strong currents carry away belongings.

Post Flood Scenario

After the flood, the scene is one of devastation. People are left homeless, and there’s a lack of food and clean water.

Floods cause immense suffering. It’s crucial to have proper disaster management plans to mitigate their effects.

250 Words Essay on A Flood Scene

The devastating beauty of a flood scene.

Floods, while inherently destructive, paint a paradoxical picture of devastation and beauty. This essay aims to capture the essence of a flood scene, exploring its impact on both human life and the environment.

The Onset of the Flood

A flood scene typically begins with unyielding rain, the skies opening up to unleash their wrath upon the land. The once calm rivers and streams swell, their waters surging with an unstoppable force. The landscape transforms as the water level rises, submerging everything in its path.

The Human Impact

The human impact of a flood scene is heartrending. Homes are washed away, leaving people homeless and distraught. The flood waters, while seemingly serene from a distance, are a chaotic nightmare up close. People scramble to higher ground, clutching their loved ones and valuables, their faces etched with fear and despair. The flood scene is a stark reminder of our vulnerability in the face of nature’s might.

The Environmental Impact

On an environmental level, a flood can be both destructive and regenerative. It can wash away habitats and cause significant loss to wildlife. However, floods also bring nutrient-rich silt to agricultural lands, replenishing the soil and setting the stage for future growth.

The Aftermath

In the aftermath of a flood, the scene is one of desolation and rebirth. The sun emerges, casting long shadows over the water-soaked landscape. People begin the process of rebuilding, their resilience shining through the devastation. The flood waters recede, leaving behind a changed world, a testament to the relentless cycle of destruction and renewal.

In conclusion, a flood scene is a poignant reminder of the dual nature of water – a life-giver and a destroyer – and our ongoing struggle to coexist with the forces of nature.

500 Words Essay on A Flood Scene

A flood, a natural disaster, is a phenomenon that has the power to change the course of lives and landscapes. It is a spectacle of nature’s fury, a testament to the fact that despite all our advancements, we are still at the mercy of nature’s whims. This essay aims to describe a flood scene, emphasizing the emotional, physical, and environmental impacts it has on society.

The onset of a flood is often gradual, almost deceptive. Initially, it begins with a torrential downpour that persists for days, transforming the once dry land into a waterlogged terrain. Rivers, unable to contain the excessive water, overflow their banks, and the water starts to invade the adjoining areas. The streets, the parks, and the houses get submerged, turning the bustling city into a vast, silent water body.

The Havoc Wrought

As the water level rises, the devastation becomes more apparent. Homes are washed away, leaving behind only fragments of once cherished memories. The floodwaters, indifferent to socio-economic status, engulf everything in their path, exposing the vulnerability of human life against nature’s wrath. The sight of people clinging onto anything that floats, in a desperate attempt to survive, is heart-wrenching. The flood brings with it not just physical destruction, but also a profound emotional turmoil.

The Humanitarian Crisis

The immediate aftermath of a flood presents a grim picture of a humanitarian crisis. Thousands of people are displaced, their lives uprooted. Basic amenities like clean water, food, and shelter become scarce, leading to a surge in diseases and malnutrition. The flood victims, already traumatized by the loss of their homes and loved ones, are forced to grapple with these additional challenges. The sight of relief camps bustling with activity, yet filled with despair, is a stark reminder of the human cost of natural disasters.

Floods also have a significant environmental impact. They disrupt the ecosystem, causing a loss of biodiversity. The excessive water washes away the top fertile layer of the soil, leading to land degradation. Moreover, the floodwaters often carry pollutants, contaminating the water bodies and posing a threat to aquatic life. The aftermath of a flood, thus, extends beyond its immediate physical destruction, impacting the environment in profound ways.

A flood scene is a stark reminder of the transient nature of human life and the power dynamics between humans and nature. It reflects the vulnerability of our existence and the fragility of the societal structures we have built. It’s a call to action for humanity to respect nature’s boundaries and to strive for sustainable living. The scene of a flood, while devastating, also brings forth the resilience of the human spirit. Amidst the chaos, one can witness acts of bravery, kindness, and unity, proving that even in the face of adversity, humanity prevails.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

• Essay on Flood
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• Essay on An Hour at Railway Station

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Essay on Flood

List of essays on flood in english, essay on flood – essay 1 (150 words), essay on flood: reasons, effects and conclusion – essay 2 (250 words), essay on flood in india – essay 3 (300 words), essay on flood: causes, consequences and prevention – essay 4 (400 words), essay on flood: types, causes and adverse effects – essay 5 (500 words), essay on flood: with causes, mitigating steps and warning system – essay 6 (600 words), essay on flood: with causes – essay 7 (750 words), essay on flood in india – essay 8 (1000 words).

Introduction:

Flood, simply put is an overflow of water from several sources. The nature of the world is to have dry land and water. When water gets on dry land in large quantity flood is said to have occurred.

Causes of Flood:

There are several events that can lead to a flood.

A few of them are highlighted below:

1. Heavy rain pours.

2. Melting ice and snow.

3. Rising sea levels and the overflowing river.

4. Bad drainage systems.

How Flood Affects our Environment:

A flood is by far a negative occurrence. Heavy flooding can have a damaging effect on our environment and the infrastructures in it. First, they can destroy houses and make them inhabitable. Also, they can remove sand from farmland making it difficult to grow crops. Aside from the above, flooding also contaminates clean water causing diseases and ailments.

Conclusion:

Governments around the world can reduce the risk of flooding by building a solid drainage system. We as individuals could also help by stopping drainage blockage.

Any dry land filled by excess water is called flood. It is a natural calamity caused due to several factors.

Reasons for Flood:

The reasons for floods can be natural and unnatural caused due to human activities. When there is excessive rainfall in river banks and coastal areas, there is an increase in water level which leads to overflow of water into the nearby dry land. Also, natural calamities like earthquakes cause Tsunami in oceans which leads to flooding of lands close to beaches. In heavily populated cities, due to congested buildings and roadways, flooding happens as there is not enough room for water to drain. In such cases clogged drainages lead to even more flooding of the area.

Global warming has resulted in the melting of glaciers which increase water levels of rivers and flooding of river banks. Deforestation also plays a major role in flooding.

Effects of Flood:

Floods cause large scale destruction to life and property. Buildings, roads and bridges are heavily damaged. Vast acres of crops are destroyed. Arable lands turn barren and clogged with salts. Countless homes and cattle get washed away. All electronic and digital communication seizes. Many lives are lost. And it does not stop there. Post flood, there is a huge risk in the spreading of water borne diseases. Scarcity of food and basic necessities arises. On the whole, floods cause multiple hardships and turn the livelihood of affected people upside-down.

Effective weather forecasting systems are to be maintained by the Government for timely intimation and evacuation of flood prone areas which will greatly help in keeping the many losses due to floods in check.

Flood is a natural disaster that involves overflowing of water over a region of land that is dry under usual conditions. It submerges the area with water. They are the most common kind of weather-related disasters and are a costly hazard. The level of flood can vary a lot – from a few inches to a level that goes up to meters high like a roof level of a house.

The causes of floods are many. They can happen during heavy rains when the drainage system is unable to handle the amount of rain fall. It can also happen even if low levels of rain occur continuously for many days. Floods can occur when the snow melts as temperature changes and it can result in bulk movement of water in the plains. Rivers can overflow sometimes and create flood in the neighboring regions. They can also be a result of breaking of dam which can flood the nearby areas.

There has been increase in the frequency of floods recently. Because of global warming, the average temperature of sea has increased significantly. This has led to higher rate of tropical storms in the Caribbean. It is also responsible for increase in sea level because of melting of ice caps and glaciers.

Floods cause large-scale loss to life and great damage to properties. Floods cause severe damage to agricultural regions of the affected area. There is loss of life of humans as well as animals. People and the government both suffer from loss in financial terms. Re-building of affected areas takes a lot of time and money.

In India, there are many regions which are affected by floods. Some of these are the Gangetic plains, coastal Andhra Pradesh and Orissa, Brahmaputra valley and South Gujarat. Within this year, more than 70 lakh people were affected by floods in India.

Flood is one of the recurring natural disasters which is an outcome of above average rainfall and accumulation of excessive water in every living area. Floods may occur due to overflow of water from the reservoirs or due to heavy down pour of rain in places where the drainage systems are not properly maintained.

Water may look so harmless and peaceful until the large quantities termed Floods harms us.

Common Causes of Flood:

Some of the common causes of Flooding are Heavy Rains, Overflowing Rains, Broken Dams, Urban Drainage Basins, Storm Surges & Tsunami’s, Channels with steep sides, lack of vegetation and melting of snow and Ice. Although the causes of floods are varied, most of the causes can be managed if not prevented.

Global Warming and Floods:

Another primary factor of Flood is increase in the atmospheric temperature i.e., Global Warming. Heating up of earth’s surface can lead to melting of ice glaciers and ice caps which leads to the rise in sea level thereby leading to overflowing floods in the coastal regions. Global Warming brings instability in the climatic condition of the earth, where one part of the world experiences floods and the other goes through drought.

Consequences of Flood:

Floods mostly disrupt the normalcy of living things on the planet. Floods are a great threat to the living things; floods also make way for mosquitoes to thrive thereby leading to all communicable diseases such as malaria, Dengue etc. Another impact of floods is loss of drinking water . Floods also lead to power cuts, damage of crops and soil erosion. Floods can also have an economic backslide, thus putting the country at risk.

Preventing Floods:

Some of the measures that can be done to prevent Floods are:

i. To ensure the meteorological departments are well equipped to provide flood warnings to the indicated zones.

ii. Flood resilient homes with efficiency to waterproof homes and moving electric sockets which moves higher as the flood rises.

iii. Protecting wetlands and planting trees systematically can help alleviate the direct floods.

iv. Stop encroaching of river beds and allowing the rivers to take its natural course can drastically bring down floods.

Floods can be scary, but it is in the hands of human beings to ensure it doesn’t impact our daily life. Water storing areas such as ponds, lakes and other water reservoirs should be maintained. Floods can be avoided by improving the soil conditions thereby allowing easy water absorption. Flood barriers can be used as a defense during Flood crisis.

Floods can either occur naturally or they can be facilitated by environmental factors that destruct the flow of water. Flood incidences have increased due to global warming. Global warming is an adverse effect of environmental pollution that causes a rise in temperatures on the earth’s surface. Global warming is associated with intense climatic changes like heavy storms, snowing and raised sea water levels. These changes in climate contribute to flooding. A flood is the spilling of water on dry land surfaces and causes it to submerge. It occurs when water overflows from the water bodies beyond its usual boundaries. Floods are destructive to the environment.

Types of Floods:

There are three main types of floods. Surge floods are floods that occur in the coast regions due to surges and tidal changes that occur in the sea or ocean. Hurricanes and storm surges on the sea or ocean can cause minor, moderate or major floods. The extent or severity of the floods are determined by the strength, size, speed and directions of the surges. Surge flood are usually severe and massively destructive.

Another type of floods is fluvial floods that occurs due to overflow of rivers. Rivers overflow due to heavy rains that increase water levels in rivers beyond its capacity therefore resulting in floods. Heavy snowing can also cause fluvial floods when the ice melts. Fluvial floods are risky when dams are involved because the increased levels of water in rivers creates immense pressure that cause increase pressure on the walls of dams and cause breakage which results in excessive flooding and environmental destruction.

The other type of floods is pluvial floods. Pluvial floods are caused by surface water as a result of heavy rainfall. Pluvial floods are destructive because they disrupt the drainage systems and cause an overflow which affects structures. Pluvial flooding occurs together with surge floods and fluvial floods. Although pluvial flooding does not involve a lot of water, it causes massive destruction of the environment and the infrastructure.

Causes of Floods:

Floods occur naturally due to some environmental factors. Heavy rains can cause an overflow of water form water bodies. Breakage of water body boundaries like riverbanks or walls of dams. Catastrophes like tsunamis and surges in storms cause heavy flooding. During heavy rains the lack of vegetation on the surface of the earth.

Adverse Effects of Floods:

Foods are destructive in nature and have negative impacts on the environment and the ecosystem. Floods cause death of living things and humans. Destruction of property and infrastructure negatively affects the economy of the region affected and economic activities are at a standstill due to disrupted livelihoods. Migrations from areas that are prone to floods is common, which results in overpopulation in urban areas. Financial constraints are experienced due to the rehabilitations from flood destructions. Prevention of floods that result from natural causes is a challenge.

In conclusion, it is evident that floods are destructive. The adverse effects of floods affects normal livelihood and the environment.

Flood is one of the natural calamities which is known to wreck a lot of havoc. There are so many different instances wherein floods are known to damage the whole area and bring massive loss of life and property as well.

Let us check further into the possible causes of flood and how we can eradicate it too.

The Causes of Flood:

Of course, there can be a lot of different cases of floods. Some of the key ones among them are as follows.

Heavy rains: owing to climate changes, many a times, it so happen that it rains torrentially. If the rain is much above normal, it can lead to flooding.

Broken dams: Dams help in keeping the water level in check. If the dams get broken sometimes, it is likely to lead to flood.

Tsunami: Natural calamities like tsunami is likely to create problems of flood and can bring massive loss of life and property.

Global warming: Owing to the increase in global temperature, the ice cap is melting and the increased level of water in the river bed is going to cause a flood.

Of course, there can be a lot of other reasons too which leads to flood and it is important to keep an eye on the water levels to issue a warning well in time.

The Mitigating Steps:

Now that we know the key causes which leads to flood, let us focus on some of the best mitigation measures which you can take to steer clear of this problem.

Flood Warning System:

This is by far the most important thing which one needs to do. It is important to have a sound flood warning system in place. When you have a dedicated system, it can help warn people who can move to higher altitude or take the right steps.

Restore Rivers to their Natural Courses:

Owing to the excessive development work which we have been carried out and harming the environment, too many rivers have diverted from their natural courses. This is another important reason for excessive flood. So, the right thing to do is to help in restoring the rivers to their natural course as it may prevent flood.

The Global Warming Remedial:

Action must be taken to cure the problem of global warming as it is definitely the cause of too many natural disasters. By choosing to cut the level of air and water pollution and minimizing the use of non bio-degradable products, we may be able to directly or indirectly help in controlling the problem of flood and its aftermath.

Modern Day Construction:

While flood is a natural calamity which may sometime come unannounced, it is important that we construct buildings in accordance with the modern technical advancements. The buildings should be so made that they are above the flood levels and they should be sturdy enough to withstand flood as well.

So, these are some of the important points which you should keep in mind. While some of them are ways by which we can prevent the implication and aftermath of flood, a few of them would help in preventing its occurrence as well.

Whenever any calamity occurs, it is important to do your bit to create awareness. The kind of destruction which can happen is whopping. By knowing about it a little ahead of time helps people be better prepared for it.

The bottom line remains the fact that we should all try and minimize the negative impact we are having on the environment. Doing this will ensure that we will be able to curtail the frequency of natural disasters like flood.

Flood is simply defined as the overflow of a very huge quantity of water that covers a very large area of land and leads to the destruction of land and properties and sometimes lives in the areas that are affected. A lot of regions in the world experience flooding every year. A flood basically occurs when there is excessive rain and there is no proper or good drainage system. The amount of flood is different from place to place and the extent of destruction also varies. For the overflow of water to be classified as flood, the area of land affected has to be mostly dry. Flooding can also happen as a result of water overflowing from bodies of water like lakes, oceans and rivers. Floods cause mass destruction. The effects and destruction caused by flood can take many years to fix and repair.

There are a lot of causes of flood; a few of them are discussed below:

1. Heavy Rains:

As discussed earlier, flood is mostly caused by an extended period of rain. This can happen if the quantity of rainfall is a lot more than the capacity of the drainage system. Flood can also be a result of high intensity rainfall in a short period of time.

2. Snow Melting:

Mountains that were covered with snow in the season of winter start to melt once temperature begins to rise. The sudden rise of the temperature causes the snow to melt and this leads to the massive movement of a lot of water to the plains and lands around. If the area receiving the water does not have a proper and good drainage system that will help in getting rid of the large quantity of water, there is going to be flooding. Flood that is caused by snow melting is also called a snowmelt flood.

3. Dam Breaking:

Dams are constructed to be able to hold the water that is flowing downwards from an area of land that is higher. The energy of the water can be used to turn and power propellers that can be used for the generation and creation of electricity. The dam can sometimes break when they can’t hold a large quantity of water and this causes the areas nearby to experience flooding. Sometimes, excessive water can be released intentionally by the dam to stop the dam from breaking which also results in flood but the flood from the intentional release of water isn’t as harsh as that from the dam breaking.

4. Water Bodies Overflowing:

Rivers and other water bodies can overflow sometimes and this leads to a situation that is flood like in the areas nearby. The areas that are low lying and are near the water body are the ones that are affected the most during the periods of water overflowing downstream.

5. Coastal Region Winds:

Hurricanes and very strong winds have the ability to carry sea water into coastal lands that are dry and this is a serious cause of flood. The coastal regions can experience severe damage and destruction. Tsunamis and hurricanes are widely known causes of serious devastation to areas of coastal lands.

Apart from all of the causes of flood discussed above, it is very important to note that the major cause of flood is global warming. The frequency and rate of flood has drastically increased recently. Researchers have said that the average temperature of the sea has wildly increased because of global warming and it has led to the increased sternness and rate of storms that are tropical in and around the Caribbean. The storms are said to have caused the countries in the region experiencing heavy rainfall. Global warming causes an increase in the atmosphere’s temperature and also causes the ice caps and glaciers to melt which in turn causes flood in a lot of regions. Global warming is believed to have a very major effect on the ice caps at the poles and it is believed that the situation is only going to get worse with time.

Overall, the climatic conditions of the earth have gone through a lot of very major changes and it is believed that global warming is the main cause of all of the change. It is believed that global warming is the reason why there is extreme drought in some places and serious flood in other places. Even though there isn’t much we can do about the glaciers melting or rain, we can do our part by building very good and reliable drainage systems that can handle water.

What is a flood? In normal terms, the excess availability of water in a region then it can usually hold is called flood. Floods are usually heard of it in news and through channels as every year, large portions of India are drastically affected by floods. It is mainly during the monsoon season with the onset of rain, we hear of different floods and the havoc they have caused to humans, animals and plant life. It is, therefore; very important to understand what floods are all about?

Types of Floods and their Causes:

Flood is not just the excess rainfall we talk about. There is a lot more to it. For instance, there are Flash Floods in which there is a sudden heavy downpour due to a cloudburst and the entire area is flooded within minutes. In India, areas in the states of Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and Uttarakhand witness occurrence of flash flood every year. Similarly, we have river floods in which the areas around a river are flooded due to the swelling of the river. Some parts in Delhi witness river flood every year due to the overflowing of the river Yamuna due to excessive rains and the excess flow of water from the Hathnikund Dam. Another type of floods is the inland flooding . In the case of inland flooding, the area witnessing a rainfall get flooded with the roads and lanes all filled with water. This happens usually when proper drainage system is not in place or is inefficient due to severe blockages which obstruct the flow of water and leading to flooding of lanes and roads in the city. Again, Delhi and Mumbai are cities which see such floods even after an hour of continuous rainfall. People living in coastal areas are prone to coastal floods . These floods are usually caused by high tides or Tsunami which bring huge volumes of water on the land thereby flooding it. Another reason for coastal floods is global warming due which the rise in sea level temperatures has led to the subsequent rise in water level in coastal areas. Coastal areas of Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Orissa witness such floods every year.

Deadliest Floods in Indian History:

India witness floods every year in different states. In fact, some regions are sure to be flooded with the onset of monsoon season. However, there have been occurrences of the flood which have caused massive destruction and hence are termed as the deadliest floods. Hence there is a need to know about them so as to understand and analyse what can be done in order to minimise such destruction in future years.

Deadly floods are a common occurrence in India after every few years. One of the deadliest floods in recent times was the flood in Gujarat in the year 1979 in the Machhu Dam-II. The Machhu Dam-II flopped on Aug. 11, 1979, discharging the full power of the Macchu River on the town of Morbi. The flood thus created in western India caused somewhere around 1,335 deaths, as per the Press Trust of India at the time.

Another of the deadliest floods in India is the one that shook Bihar in the year 1987 in the Kosi River. In any case, the Kosi River is prone to floods and is flooded almost every year. However, this year was particularly exceptional. The most decimating surge in Bihar’s history happened in 1987, when an avalanche obstructed the Bhote Kosi River, making it surge and crush more than 1.7 million homes. As per the statistics of the state, government flooding led to the death of 1,399 individuals and 5,302 animals.

The Tsunami that struck coastal India in the year 2004 was another such disaster which engulfed a number of lives. An extent 9.0 quake under the Indian Ocean on Dec. 26, 2004, set off a tidal wave that crushed southern India. As per the Government statistics 10,749 individuals died, 5,640 went missing and 2.79 million people were affected by the wave. It likewise devastated 11,827 hectares of products and demolished the occupation of 300,000 fishermen.

The Recent Kerala and Kedarnath Floods:

The most noticeably bad climate-related floods in India’s history happened in June 2013, when a few days of overwhelming precipitation activated blaze surges and avalanches in the northern territory of Uttarakhand. The downpour struck amid the bustling visitor season in Uttarakhand when a huge number of Hindu pilgrims rush to the region to visit its memorable sanctuaries. The rain happened some time before the start of rainstorm season, getting numerous off guard. An expected 4,094 individuals died and about 1 million were influenced by the catastrophe in Uttarakhand and neighbouring Himachal Pradesh, the worst affected being the region around Kedarnath. The military was brought in to evacuate around 100,000 people from rocky parts of the state, where they had turned out to be caught by the avalanches.

The recent floods in Kerala are another perfect example of how human activities have led to calling of nature’s ire in different forms such as floods. Had it there been a proper drainage system with no blockages, Kerala would not have witnessed such a massive flood.

The Need for Action:

We must not forget that older civilisations emerged around rivers and seas only and they just vanished with time due to the ever-rising water level on the earth. With the recent back to back occurrences in Kedarnath and Kerala, it is high time the Government as well all of us sit down and think what harm we have done to nature. The blooming of industrial units with no waste management in place, the inefficient drainage system and the careless attitude of both the Government and the people are all collectively responsible for these disasters. Not all disasters can be avoided, but, at least measures can be taken to minimise their impact or at least the ones caused by own carelessness can surely be avoided. It is for own good and for the benefit of future generations that we all do our bit to protect the life on earth from the backlash of nature.

Flood , Flood in India , Natural Disasters

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Essay on Floods

Floods stand as one of the most common and devastating natural disasters, affecting millions of people worldwide every year. Characterized by the overflow of water onto land that is normally dry, floods can result from a variety of causes, including heavy rainfall, storm surges, melting snow, and breaches in manmade barriers like dams and levees. This essay delves into the causes, impacts, and management strategies of floods, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of this complex phenomenon and its significance in the context of global climate change and human resilience.

Causes of Floods

Floods can be categorized into several types based on their causes and characteristics, including riverine floods, coastal floods, flash floods, and urban floods. Riverine floods occur when rivers overflow their banks due to excessive rain or snowmelt. Coastal floods are caused by storm surges associated with tropical cyclones or tsunamis. Flash floods result from intense rainfall over a short duration, often in hilly or mountainous areas. Urban floods are exacerbated by the impermeability of city surfaces, which prevents water absorption and leads to runoff overwhelming drainage systems.

The Role of Climate Change

Climate change has intensified the frequency and severity of flooding events. Rising global temperatures contribute to more extreme weather patterns, including heavier and more unpredictable rainfall. Additionally, rising sea levels increase the risk of coastal flooding, particularly in low-lying areas. The intersection of these factors with human activities, such as deforestation and urban expansion, compounds the vulnerability of communities to floods.

The Multifaceted Impact of Floods

The impacts of floods are profound and far-reaching, affecting the environmental, social, and economic fabric of societies.

Environmental Impact

• Erosion: Floodwaters can erode soil and sediment, leading to land degradation and loss of fertile agricultural land.
• Habitat Disruption: Floods can disrupt natural habitats, displacing wildlife and affecting biodiversity. Aquatic ecosystems may be particularly affected.
• Water Quality: Floods can introduce pollutants and contaminants into water bodies, negatively impacting water quality and aquatic life.
• Deforestation: Intense flooding can uproot trees and vegetation, contributing to deforestation and altering local ecosystems.
• Silt Deposition: Floodwaters often carry silt and sediment, which can accumulate in rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, affecting water storage and navigation.

Infrastructure and Economic Impact

• Property Damage: Floods can cause extensive damage to homes, buildings, and infrastructure, resulting in financial losses for individuals and communities.
• Agricultural Losses: Floods can destroy crops, livestock, and farm infrastructure, causing significant economic setbacks for agricultural communities.
• Disruption of Transportation: Flooded roads, bridges, and railways can disrupt transportation networks, leading to logistical challenges and economic losses.
• Business Interruption: Flooding can force businesses to halt operations, leading to revenue loss, unemployment, and economic downturns in affected areas.
• Insurance Costs: Flooding can lead to increased insurance premiums and costs for property owners and businesses in flood-prone regions.

Human Impact

• Loss of Life: Flooding poses a significant risk to human life, with fatalities occurring due to drowning, landslides, and waterborne diseases.
• Injuries and Health Issues: Survivors of floods may suffer injuries, trauma, and health problems, including waterborne diseases and infections.
• Displacement: Flooding can lead to the displacement of communities, forcing people to seek temporary shelter and disrupting their lives.
• Mental Health: The emotional and psychological toll of flooding can result in stress, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among affected individuals.

Social and Cultural Impact

• Community Disruption: Floods can disrupt the social fabric of communities, leading to social upheaval, strained relationships, and loss of social cohesion.
• Cultural Heritage Loss: Floods can damage or destroy cultural and historical sites, artifacts, and traditions, leading to the loss of cultural heritage.
• Disparities: Vulnerable and marginalized populations often bear the brunt of flood impacts, exacerbating social inequalities.

Mitigation and Adaptation

Infrastructure Resilience: Investments in flood-resistant infrastructure, such as levees, dams, and flood barriers, aim to reduce the impact of flooding.

Early Warning Systems: Developing effective early warning systems can help mitigate the loss of life and property by providing advance notice of flooding.

Land Use Planning: Proper land use planning can reduce flood risk by restricting development in flood-prone areas and promoting sustainable urban design.

Climate Change Considerations: Given the link between climate change and increased flooding, addressing climate change through emissions reduction is a key component of flood mitigation and adaptation efforts.

Flood Management and Mitigation Strategies

Effective flood management and mitigation require a multi-faceted approach that combines structural measures, non-structural strategies, and community preparedness.

Structural Measures

Structural measures involve the construction of physical barriers such as levees, dams, and floodwalls to control or divert floodwaters. While these can be effective in certain contexts, they can also have unintended environmental and social consequences, such as altering natural water flows and displacing communities.

Non-Structural Strategies

Non-structural strategies focus on policies and practices that reduce the risk and impact of floods without altering the landscape. These include land-use planning to avoid building in flood-prone areas, implementing early warning systems, and investing in natural flood management techniques like wetland restoration and reforestation. These approaches not only mitigate flood risk but also offer co-benefits for biodiversity and carbon sequestration.

Community Preparedness and Resilience Building

Building community resilience is critical to managing floods effectively. This involves educating communities about flood risks, developing evacuation plans, and ensuring access to emergency services and supplies. Empowering communities to participate in flood risk management can enhance the effectiveness of response efforts and foster a culture of preparedness.

Navigating Towards a Resilient Future

The challenge of managing floods in a changing climate requires global cooperation and innovative solutions. Adaptation strategies that embrace both technological advancements and traditional knowledge can offer sustainable pathways to resilience. For instance, integrating green infrastructure in urban planning can reduce runoff and enhance the capacity of cities to absorb floodwaters.

Moreover, international collaboration on climate action, including efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, is vital to addressing the root causes of climate-induced flooding. By investing in sustainable development, promoting equitable land use, and enhancing global and local governance structures, societies can navigate towards a future where the impact of floods is minimized.

In conclusion, Floods are a complex and multifaceted challenge that underscores the intricate relationship between human societies and the natural environment. As climate change exacerbates the frequency and severity of flooding, the imperative to develop resilient and adaptive strategies becomes increasingly urgent. Through a combination of structural and non-structural measures, community engagement, and global cooperation, it is possible to mitigate the impacts of floods and protect the most vulnerable communities. Navigating the deluge towards a resilient future requires not only technical and financial resources but also a shared commitment to fostering a sustainable and equitable world.

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106 Flood Topic Ideas & Research Questions on Flooding

🏆 best flood topic ideas & essay examples, 📌 simple & easy flood essay titles, 👍 good essay topics on flood, ❓ research questions on flooding.

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• A Flood Insurance Program in Canada: The Way to Protect Lives and Homes Floods are the major source of property loss: according to the analysis made by Munich, insurance companies do not want to take all the bills they get and ignore the majority of them.
• Flood Effects That Occurred in July 2007 at Sheffield The report, therefore, entails in detail the immediate as well as the significant risks and losses caused by the flood, the factors contributing to the occurrence of floods, identification of all the agencies which were […]
• Environmental Management: Floods Management Systems Considering the significance of environmental protection in the case of floods, the present report provides a detailed overview of such natural disasters in terms of contributory causes, impact, risks, and the role of environmental management […]
• Minimizing Flood Fatalities in Canada The main goal of this study is to compile more details in regarding flood fatalities in Canada which may be useful in avoiding and preparing for flood related disasters.
• City of Jeddah’s Flood: Cause and Disastrous Effects Jeddah is a city in Saudi Arabia found in the western region.and the it is a flat, low- lying ground next to the Red Sea.
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• The Ancient Near East: Civilization of Mesopotamia and Great Flood The Great Flood in Genesis and the Epic of Gilgamesh both depict the flood, the boat, the God of gods, and persons responsible for preserving humanity.
• Flood Disaster Recovery Plan and Stakeholders The scope of this document: responsibilities, major hardware and software procedures, disaster response, testing of the recovery plan. The purpose of this disaster recovery plan is to provide detailed guidelines to all the stakeholders when […]
• Gavin Flood’s Comparative Religion Studies In essence there is need to carry out more research in this field in order to be able to establish the role and the importance of religion in the life of human beings.
• Flood Mitigation Measures in the United States The mitigation measures for floods include the following; “control over rivers, establishing policies and legislation on the use of land such as terracing and assess to flood-prone areas”.
• Climate Change: Floods in Queensland Australia Over the recent past, the issue of climatic change has raised major concern about the well being of the recent as well as the future generation. The rail lines were also destroyed the fact that […]
• The Flood of San Antonio in 1921: Re-Evaluating the Effects, a Catastrophe Viewed Through a Different Lens However, the reconstruction of the city takes less time than the reconstruction of the environment destroyed by the flood, which is why the effects of the San Antonio flood on the environment must be reassessed.
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• The Midwest Flood of April to October 1993 The Midwest flood of April to October 1993 is arguably the greatest flood to have hit the United States in terms of coverage and duration.
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• Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America, By John M. Barry
• Regional Flood Frequency Analysis in Tunisia: Identification of Regional Distributions
• The Economics During And After Kerala’s Flood Disaster
• Sustainability-Based Flood Hazard Mapping of the Swannanoa River Watershed
• The Demand for Index‐Based Flood Insurance in a High‐Income Country
• Understanding Flood Risk Decisionmaking: Implications for Flood Risk Communication Program Design
• Who Should Pay for Climate Adaptation? Public Attitudes and the Financing of Flood Protection in Florida
• Sea-Level Rise and Land Subsidence: Impacts on Flood Projections for the Mekong Delta’s Largest City
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• Spatial Variation in Flood Risk Perception: A Spatial Econometric Approach
• The Debate Over the Idea of the Genesis Flood in Genesis vs. Geology, an Essay by Steven Jay Gould
• The Affordability Goal and Prices in the National Flood Insurance Program
• The Fallibility of Flood Warning Chains: Can Europe’s Flood Warnings Be Effective
• Special Flood Hazard Effects on Coastal and Interior Home Values: One Size Does Not Fit All
• Land Use Scenario Modeling for Flood Risk Mitigation
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• The Bible According to Mark Twain: Writings on Heaven, Eden, and the Flood
• The Story Of The Flood, How Utnapishtim Tells His Story To Gilgamesh
• The City Of Vanport And Its Struggle With Racism Before And After The Flood Of Vanport
• The Importance of a Flood Free and Clean Living Community
• The Significant Key Elements on Climate Change in Before the Flood, a Documentary by Fisher Stevens
• Smoothing Income against Crop Flood Losses in Amazonia: Rain Forest or Rivers as a Safety Net
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• Paragraph On Flood

Paragraph on Flood - Check Samples for 100, 150, 200, 250 Words

Floods are a type of natural disaster that can cause heavy destruction to life and property. It is a condition when rainwater accumulates at a place, flooding populated areas. They can also lead to the loss of numerous lives. At times, it can be highly dangerous and can wipe off an entire village or city.

Table of Contents

Paragraph on flood in 100 words, paragraph on flood in 150 words, paragraph on flood in 200 words, paragraph on flood in 250 words, frequently asked questions on flood.

It is impossible to stop a natural disaster, but the effects of the disaster can be reduced. The government has been taking major steps to reduce the effects of such disasters and save many lives. Before you write a paragraph on floods and their effects, you can refer to the samples provided below.

A flood is a condition when an area is fully or partially submerged in water for a period of time due to man-made or natural causes. The natural reasons behind floods can be heavy and continuous rain for an extended time period. Dam bursts or breaking of dam gates can be a man-made reason for a flood to occur. Floods can be highly dangerous at times because they may lead to loss of lives and property, and at certain places, it also leads to landslides. One cannot stop floods, but they can be avoided by constructing dams. One can definitely reduce the effects of floods and can reduce the damage caused by floods. Planting more trees in flood-prone areas and constructing dams might be helpful in controlling the adverse effects of floods.

A flood is a type of natural disaster that can be caused due to heavy and continuous rainfall at a place for a long time. Heavy rain, cyclones, storms, etc., can lead to flooding in an area. The water reserves are filled due to rain, and when it rains for a long time continuously, the overflow of water in water reserves may cause flooding.

Some parts of India are prone to flooding during the monsoon, causing large-scale destruction to human lives, natural habitats, etc. But in some places, floods can occur due to man-made disasters and cause loss of property and human lives. Breaking the dam’s gates can be a major reason behind man-made disasters. Due to these floods, the flood water accumulates in the agricultural fields, damaging crops. It can lead to starvation and more deaths. Many farmers have been committing suicide due to the loss. Floods are dangerous to human lives as well as the economy of the country. Therefore, it is essential to take necessary measures to limit the effects of floods.

A flood is a condition when an area is fully or partially submerged in water for a few days leading to hazardous diseases and loss of lives and property. Floods can be dangerous to factories, buildings, cities, hospitals, etc. Deforestation has been causing many hazards to the environment, and floods are one of these disasters. The rainwater is absorbed by the trees, and they act as natural barriers preventing soil erosion and landslides. Floods occur mostly in the rainy season in flood-prone areas, and the water levels may vary in such places. Naturally, floods can occur when it rains heavily for an extended period of time, and the water reserves are filled, causing an overflow of water. The breakage of dams can also cause floods and can lead to hazardous damage to lives and the environment. Floods can cause heavy loss of life and property and can also affect the agricultural system of the country, hence leading to starvation. It brings huge losses to public and private properties, affecting the country’s economy. At times, the revival also takes a lot of time. When the effects of floods are highly severe, it might take years to recover the physical damages. Almost every year, the country goes through such natural disasters leading to great loss and damage.

One of the major reasons for floods is heavy rain. Due to heavy rain, water levels in rivers and lakes are expected to rise. As the rainwater rises over the banks of rivers, it overflows and causes floods. With the increasing global warming, it is also possible that there might be floods due to the massive melting of snow. If global warming increases, with the rise in temperature, the ice might melt faster, leading to floods in various parts of the country. Floods pose a threat to factories, buildings, cities, hospitals, etc. Deforestation has resulted in a variety of environmental risks, one of which is flooding. Rainwater was absorbed by the trees, limiting the amount of water stored at a location. Floods are most common during the monsoon season in flood-prone areas, and water levels can fluctuate. During the monsoon season, floods are widespread in several places in India. It has a large-scale impact on human life and property. Houses are submerged in water, making day-to-day life difficult. Water also floods vast swaths of agricultural areas, wreaking havoc on crops and undermining the economy. A flood is a natural occurrence that has no benefits and is always a cause of loss. It is impossible to stop a natural disaster from occurring, but we can always limit the effects of the disasters. We can always take necessary measures to reduce the damage caused by it. Floods can leave adverse effects around the world, and at times, the revival of the damages may take years.

What is meant by flood?

A flood is a type of natural disaster that can leave adverse effects on the environment. During floods, an area is fully or partially submerged in water due to heavy rain or an overflow of dams and rivers.

What can be the effects of floods?

Floods can have adverse effects on the environment. It causes loss of public and private property, loss of lives, starvation and hunger, etc.

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Essay on Flood for Children and Students

Table of Contents

Essay on Flood: Flood is an overflow of huge amount of water covering large areas causing destruction at the places affected. Many regions across the globe face the problem of floods each year.

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Target Exam ---

Flood occurs due to excessive downpour and lack of proper drainage system. The severity of flood may vary from region to region and the destruction caused due to the same varies accordingly.

Long and Short Essay on Flood in English

Here are essays on flood of varying lengths to help you with the topic whenever you required. You can chose any flood essay according to your need:

Flood Essay – 1 (200 words)

Floods are caused in areas where there is excessive downpour and poor drainage system. Flood is also caused because of other reasons including overflow of water from rivers and oceans, overflow of water in the plains due to dam break, excessive flow of water owing to sudden melting of glaciers. In coastal areas hurricanes and tsunamis cause flood. Floods can cause major destruction just as other natural calamities.

Several towns and cities around the world have suffered from severe floods that have cost lives of people and animals, resulted in loss of property and other valuable assets and destruction of soil and plants. Farmers are majorly impacted by floods as their crops get ruined owing to this weather condition. Water accumulated for days at a particular place also results in the outbreak of various diseases. When the condition is severe, the schools and offices are shut and it thus disturbs the normal life of people. Places that face severe floods take months to resurrect.

The irony is that there are certain regions that are hit by flood frequently and even though the government is aware about the problem, proper measures are not being taken to overcome it. The government must build good drainage system and water storage systems to control this problem.

Flood Essay – 2 (300 words)

Flood caused due water logging that is mostly a result of heavy rainfall are known to have fatal consequences. It results in loss of life, rise in diseases, price rise, economic loss and destruction of the environment among other issues. The impact the floods depend on their type and severity.

Types of Floods

Some floods can subside in a few days while others take weeks to subside and have a major impact on the lives of the people living in that area. Here is a look at the different types of floods:

• Slow On-set Floods

This type of flood is caused when the water bodies such as rivers overflow and affect the nearby areas. This flood develops slowly and may last from a few days to weeks. These spread over several kilometres and mostly impact the low lying areas. Water accumulated due to flood in such areas may cause harm to property and can also be a cause of various diseases.

• Rapid On-set Floods

These take a slightly longer to build and can last for a day or two. These are also known to be extremely destructive. However, people are mostly warned about these and have a chance to escape before the situation becomes worse. Tourists planning holiday to such places can postpone or cancel the plan when there is still time and avoid the trauma caused by this situation.

• Flash Floods

Flash floods mostly occur within a very short duration of time such as a few hours or even minutes. These are mostly caused due to heavy rainfall, melting of snow or dam break. These are known to be the most fatal among all and can result in mass destruction as these are almost sudden and people do not get any time to take caution.

Floods disrupt the day to day life in the affected regions. They cause various problems for the people living in such areas. Regions hit by severe floods take months and at times even years to rebuild.

Flood Essay – 3 (400 words)

Flood is a natural disaster that is caused due to the accumulation of excessive water in a region. This is often an outcome of heavy rainfall. Many regions also face flood due to overflow of river or ocean water, breaking of dams and melting of snow. In the coastal areas, hurricanes and tsunamis are known to bring about this condition.

Flood-Prone Regions around the World

Several regions across the globe are prone to frequent floods. The cities around the world that face severe and frequent floods include Mumbai and Kolkata in India, Guangzhou, Shenzen and Tianjin in China, Guayaquil in Ecuador, New York, NY-Newark, NJ, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Miami and New Orleans. Floods are known to have caused mass destruction in these areas in the past.

How to Control the Problem Caused Due to Floods?

From damaging the environment to disrupting the human life – floods have several negative repercussions that are difficult to deal with. It is thus important to take measures to control the same. Here are a few ways to control this problem:

• Flood Warning Systems

It is the need of the hour to set up better flood warning systems so that people are warned about the upcoming problem right on time and they have enough time to safeguard themselves and their belongings

• Construct Buildings Above the Flood Level

Buildings in the flood prone area must be constructed above the flood level so as to avoid damage to the property as well as the people living there.

• Introduce Water Storage System

The government must invest in building water storage systems to store and reuse the rain water. This way the excessive water can be put to use instead of letting it overflow on the plains and cause flood.

• Strengthen Drainage System

One of the main causes of flood is the poor drainage system. It is essential to build good drainage systems to avoid water logging that results in flood.

• Install Flood Barriers

Flood barriers should be installed in the areas that are prone to flood. These can be removed once the water recedes.

While the occurrence of rainfall, melting of snow-mountains, overflowing of water bodies and hurricanes can be difficult to control however these can be predicted in most cases and the government can take measures to ensure that water logging, that in turn results in flood, does not happen as a result of these conditions. This can be done by employing few of the methods shared above.

Flood Essay – 4 (500 words)

Floods are caused by a number of reasons including heavy rainfall, overflow of water from water bodies such as rivers and oceans, melting of glaciers, hurricanes and strong winds along the coastlines. When there is a lack of good drainage system to suck up the excessive water it results in water logging that causes flood.

Consequences of Flood

Floods disrupt the normal functioning of the region affected. Severe floods can result in mass destruction. Here is how floods impact life on earth:

• Threat to Life

Many people and animals lose their lives because of severe flash floods. Many others get injured and are infected by various diseases. Water accumulated at places for days result in the breeding of mosquitoes and other insects that are the cause of various diseases such as malaria and dengue. Cases of dysentery, pneumonic plague and military fever are also on rise during this time.

The supply of electricity and water is disrupted during this time thereby adding to the problems of the general public. There is also a risk of catching current in places where the electricity supply is still intact.

• Economic Loss

Many people lose their houses and other assets such as automobiles that they take years to earn. It is also a costly affair for the government as it has to deploy a number of policemen, firemen and other officials to conduct the rescue operation. In case of severe floods, the affected regions take years to re-build.

The supply of goods in the flood affected areas lowers as the road transport cannot reach there. Besides, the goods stored in these areas also get spoiled due to floods. There is a shortage of supply and the demand is high and it thus results in increased prices of the commodities.

• Soil Erosion

When the downpour is too heavy, the soil cannot absorb the entire water and it often results in soil erosion which in turn has dreadful consequences. In addition to the erosion of soil, the quality of soil is also impacted, often degraded.

• Damage of the Flora

Floods are not just a threat to the human beings and animals but also destroy the flora. Heavy rains are often accompanied by thunder, lightning and strong winds. These storms are a cause of uprooting of trees. Besides, the crops are damaged and several other plants are eroded during floods.

Flood Prone Areas in India

A number of regions in India face the problem of floods year after year. The major areas affected by this natural calamity in the country are most of the Gangetic plains including North Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal, Mumbai, Maharashtra, parts of Punjab and Haryana, coastal Andhra Pradesh and Orissa, the Brahmaputra valley and South Gujarat. Floods are known to have caused severe damage to these places in the past and are still a threat here.

Floods are one of the natural disasters that are known to have caused major destruction in various regions. It is time the government of India must take this issue seriously and come up with strong measures to control this problem.

Flood Essay – 5 (600 words)

Floods occur when excessive rainfall in a particular region results in the overflow of water on the land that is mostly dry. It can also occur due to the overflow of water from water bodies like river, ocean and lake. Floods are known to cause mass destruction. In certain regions, the destruction caused is so severe that it takes years to repair the loss.

Causes of Flood

Here is a closer look at the various causes of flood:

• Heavy Rains

Flood like situation arises each time the downpour is more than the drainage system can absorb. At times, heavy rainfall occurring for a short period of time can cause flood while on other occasions light rainfall that goes on for days may result in flood like situation.

• Melting of Snow

The mountains covered with snow during the winter season begin to melt as the temperature rises. The sudden melting of the ice usually causes the temperature to rise and this results in enormous movement of water into the plains. The areas that do not have proper drainage system to get rid of the excessive water face flood. This is often referred to as snowmelt flood.

• Breaking of Dam

Dams are created to hold water that flows down from a highland. The power in the water is employed to turn propellers for the generation of electricity. At times the dams break as they are unable to hold large amount of water thereby resulting in flood in the nearby areas. At times, excessive water is deliberately released from the dam so as to stop it from breaking. This may also result in flood.

• Overflow of Water Bodies

Water bodies such as rivers may overflow at times and cause flood like situation in the nearby areas. The low-lying areas near the rivers are worst impacted during this time as the water flows downstream.

• Winds in the Coastal Region

Strong winds and hurricanes have the capacity of carrying the sea water to the dry coastal lands and this causes flood. This can cause severe damage to the coastal regions. Hurricanes and Tsunamis are known to have caused major devastation in the coastal lands.

Global Warming: The Main Cause of Flood

The frequency of floods has increased in the recent past. It is said that the average sea temperature has increased a great deal due to global warming and this has resulted in the increased rate and sternness of tropical storms in the Caribbean. These storms are a cause of heavy downpour in the countries in their path. Global warming that is causing a rise in the temperature in the atmosphere is also a cause of the melting of glaciers and ice caps that is again a cause of flood in many regions. This is said to have a major impact on the polar ice caps in the times to come and the situation is likely to worsen.

The overall climatic conditions on earth have undergone a major change and global warming is said to be a cause of this transformation. While certain areas experience extreme floods others experience drought.

Though we cannot do much about the rain or the melting of the glaciers however we can certainly build good drainage systems to deal with the water they bring along. Many countries, such as Singapore that receive heavy rainfall for most part of the year, have really good drainage system. They come out clean even after days of heavy downpour. The government of India must also build good drainage system in order to avoid the problem of flood and the damage it does to the affected regions.

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Short Essay: Flood In Assam

Three short essay examples on the flood in Assam.

Table of Contents

Flood In Assam Essay Example 1

Assam, one of the states in northeast India, is known for its lush green forests, tea gardens, and the mighty Brahmaputra river. However, every year, the state faces a devastating natural disaster – floods. The floods in Assam have become an annual phenomenon, causing immense damage to life and property. This essay will explore the causes and impact of floods in Assam.

Assam is located in the flood-prone Brahmaputra valley and receives heavy rainfall during the monsoon season. The state is also home to several rivers, including the Brahmaputra, which are prone to overflowing during the rainy season. The floods in Assam are characterized by the inundation of low-lying areas, damage to infrastructure, and displacement of people. The floods not only cause immediate damage but also have long-term effects on the economy and the environment.

The floods in Assam are caused by a combination of natural and man-made factors. Heavy rainfall during the monsoon season is the primary natural cause of floods in the state. The Brahmaputra river, which flows through the state, receives a significant amount of water from its tributaries during this period, leading to overflowing. Deforestation and soil erosion caused by human activities have also contributed to the worsening of floods in Assam. Poor drainage systems and urbanization have also exacerbated the situation, leading to waterlogging in cities and towns.

The floods in Assam have a severe impact on the lives of people in the state. The floods cause loss of lives, displacement of people, and damage to infrastructure, crops, and livestock. The floods also lead to the spread of water-borne diseases and health hazards. The economic impact of floods is significant, with damage to crops and infrastructure leading to a loss of livelihoods for many people. The floods also have long-term environmental effects, such as soil erosion and loss of biodiversity.

In conclusion, the floods in Assam are a significant natural disaster that has severe consequences for the state’s people, economy, and environment. The causes of floods in Assam are a combination of natural and man-made factors, and addressing them requires a multi-pronged approach. The government and civil society organizations must work together to improve drainage systems, prevent deforestation and soil erosion, and provide relief and rehabilitation to those affected by floods. Only then can the state of Assam be better prepared to face the annual floods and mitigate their impact on the people and the environment.

Flood In Assam Essay Example 2

Assam, located in the northeastern part of India, is a state that is highly susceptible to flooding. Every year, during the monsoon season, the state experiences severe floods that cause immense damage to the region. In this essay, we will explore the causes of flooding in Assam and the impact it has on the people and the environment.

The causes of flooding in Assam are multifaceted. Firstly, heavy monsoon rainfall is a primary reason for the floods. The state receives an average of 2,500mm of rainfall annually, with most of it occurring between June and September. The rainfall causes the Brahmaputra River, which flows through the state, to overflow its banks, leading to severe flooding. Secondly, deforestation and soil erosion have also contributed to flooding in the region. The state has seen a significant loss of forest cover over the years, leading to soil erosion and reduced water retention capacity. This, coupled with poor land-use practices, has made the region more vulnerable to flooding. Lastly, inadequate drainage systems and infrastructure have also contributed to the problem. The drainage systems in the state are poorly designed and maintained, leading to waterlogging and flooding in low-lying areas.

The impact of flooding in Assam is severe and far-reaching. Firstly, floods cause the loss of human lives and displacement of people. Every year, people lose their homes and belongings, and many are forced to flee to higher ground. Secondly, floods also lead to damage to agricultural land and crops. The state is known for its fertile agricultural land, and floods often destroy crops, leading to significant losses for farmers. Additionally, floods also cause significant damage to homes, buildings, and infrastructure, leading to economic losses for the state.

The impact of flooding in Assam is not just limited to the loss of human lives and property. It also has significant environmental consequences. Floods lead to soil erosion, which can cause long-term damage to the soil and reduce its fertility. The floods also lead to the loss of biodiversity, as many animals and plants are unable to survive the extreme conditions. Additionally, floods can also lead to the spread of water-borne diseases, which can have severe health consequences for the people in the region.

In conclusion, flooding in Assam is a severe problem that needs urgent attention. The causes of flooding are multifaceted and require a holistic approach to address them. The impact of flooding is far-reaching and affects not just the people but also the environment. It is essential to invest in better infrastructure, drainage systems, and land-use practices to mitigate the effects of flooding in the region.

Flood In Assam Essay Example 3

Assam, a state in northeastern India, is known for its natural beauty and diverse culture. However, every year, the state is hit by devastating floods that cause widespread destruction and loss of life. In this essay, we will explore the impact of floods in Assam and the causes behind them.

The floods in Assam have a significant impact on the lives of people and the state’s economy. The following are some of the effects of floods in Assam: – Destruction of homes, infrastructure, and crops: Floods cause severe damage to houses, roads, bridges, and other infrastructure. The floods also destroy crops, leading to food shortages and economic losses for farmers. – Loss of human and animal lives: Floods in Assam have claimed the lives of humans and animals alike. The floods displace people from their homes, and many lose their lives due to drowning or landslides. – Disruption of daily life and economic activities: The floods disrupt daily life and economic activities, leading to business closures and job losses. People are forced to evacuate their homes and move to relief camps, where they face several challenges.

Several factors contribute to the floods in Assam. The following are the primary causes of floods in the state: – Heavy rainfall and monsoon season: Assam receives heavy rainfall during the monsoon season, which causes the Brahmaputra and its tributaries to overflow. The excess water causes flooding in the state. – Deforestation and soil erosion lead to a decrease in forest cover and soil quality. The loss of vegetation cover reduces the soil’s ability to absorb water, leading to floods. – Poor drainage system and river management: The drainage system in Assam is inadequate, and the state’s rivers are poorly managed. The lack of proper river management leads to the rivers changing their course, leading to flooding in some areas.

In conclusion, floods in Assam have a significant impact on the state’s economy and the lives of people. The primary causes of floods in the state are heavy rainfall, deforestation, soil erosion, and poor river management. To mitigate the impact of floods, the government needs to invest in better drainage systems, river management, and reforestation. The people of Assam also need to be aware of the dangers of floods and take necessary precautions to protect themselves and their property.

About Mr. Greg

Mr. Greg is an English teacher from Edinburgh, Scotland, currently based in Hong Kong. He has over 5 years teaching experience and recently completed his PGCE at the University of Essex Online. In 2013, he graduated from Edinburgh Napier University with a BEng(Hons) in Computing, with a focus on social media.

Mr. Greg’s English Cloud was created in 2020 during the pandemic, aiming to provide students and parents with resources to help facilitate their learning at home.

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Paragraphs On Flood | Causes & Impacts

A flood accumulates a large body of water around an area, causing much destruction. The following paragraph on floods, their causes, and their impacts is very helpful for children and students.

Table of Contents

Long Paragraph On Flood | Types, Causes, Impacts & Solution; How to Prevent Flood

A flood is the accumulation of water over a dry area due to rain or from any body of water that causes a lot of destruction and damage. Floods cause loss of life and property. Mostly, floods are caused naturally; rarely is this disaster artificial.

It will help save hundreds of lives and will also help save people from being homeless. Apart from that, the plantation is necessary to minimize the damage caused by floods. Trees are very useful in flood-prone areas to prevent the level of damage caused by floods. There should be flood warnings to reduce the damage. We can prevent floods by widening the banks of rivers, planting trees, and improving the drainage system.

Constructing new dams near water bodies is also beneficial to prevent floods. There should be canals on each river bank to divert the flow of rainwater into canals so that major losses are not caused.

1. Causes Of Flood

During the monsoon, rainwater reaches rivers and lakes when it rains heavily in flood-prone areas. When water beyond the capacity of rivers starts flowing into rivers, barriers are broken, and water overflows water bodies and inundates plain land.

Improper drainage systems, heavy downpours, and global warming mainly cause floods. Due to climate change and global warming, the ice snow on mountains is melting heavily. The melting of glaciers is also a cause of flooding.

2. Impacts Of Flood

Floods are always destructive. Thousands of people become homeless due to big floods. Many people’s normal routine lives become miserable. Many houses are submerged in water.

It not only harms houses and property, but it also badly affects agriculture. When agricultural land is flooded with water, the crops are entirely damaged, affecting the state’s economy.

Floods badly affect the economy and development of a country. Sometimes it takes years to replace the physical damage and stabilize a nation’s destabilized economy. Due to floods, too much loss of livestock is also recorded. Many animals lose their habitats and die due to floods.

The infrastructure of the country is also damaged; the roads and bridges are broken, transportation is affected, and communication links are disrupted by floods, which make life miserable. In urban areas, especially low-lying towns and areas flooded by slight rain showers, water accumulates in streets, also called flooding. It disturbs the routine lives of people in urban areas.

3. Solutions Of Flood

Humans and animals are vulnerable to these natural disasters and natural forces. When there is a flood in any area due to stagnant water over plains and dry land, many waterborne diseases are also caused, which kill many humans and animals. Floods affect us socially, economically, and environmentally. Above all, major losses of life and property destabilized a nation’s economy.

Short 5 Paragraphs Essay On Flood

1. flood disaster – for class 9.

Flood or flood damage is damage to a structure caused by water. Floods can be caused by heavy rain, snow melts, overflowing rivers or other bodies of water, or flash floods. Floods can cause significant damage to buildings and areas along streams, rivers, and lakes.

Flooding also causes soil erosion and disruption to transportation routes and utilities. A flood is one of the most common natural disasters in the world. Around 600 million people are at risk of flooding yearly; 1 billion live in flood-prone areas. Over half of these areas lack flood defenses, making them highly vulnerable to flooding. In 2005 there were more than 50 million floods worldwide, affecting more than 100 million people yearly. In the United States, floods cause billions of dollars in damage every year; In 2015 alone, it was estimated that over $20 billion was lost to flooding in the US Midwest alone. Flood control may include building flood barriers and educating residents about flood awareness.

Communities at risk of flooding should also consider installing early warning systems and evacuation plans so that residents can avoid hazards when a flood warning is issued.

2. Causes of floods

Floods occur when there is too much rainfall in a short period. The most common cause of flooding is that the drainage system cannot handle the volume of water in an area at once. Another common cause is runoff from heavy rains, which inundate the ground. Other causes of flooding include: To prevent flooding, it is important to monitor weather forecasts and be prepared for storms with proper tools and supplies. Flooding can also be prevented by raising houses above expected water levels.

This can be done by raising foundations or building on higher ground. In addition, clear debris and debris barriers should be maintained to allow flood water to drain easily. The best way to prepare for floods is to have a contingency plan. Knowing what steps to take before a flood hits will help you be more responsive during this stressful time.

3. River in Flood

A flood in a river is a chaotic situation that can be dangerous for anyone nearby. River flooding can cause landslides and destroy bridges, so staying away from rivers and other bodies of water is important when they swell. In addition to personal safety, environmental factors must be considered when dealing with river flooding.

The water can threaten fish and wildlife, so people should be careful not to disturb them near rivers and streams during a flood. And since much of the land surrounding rivers is covered in vegetation, it’s important to avoid chopping down trees and damaging crops to protect the soil and watch out for warning signs. However, if you get caught in a flood, here are some safety tips: Stay away from the shore.

If you must cross a creek or river, walk on the opposite side of the current, not in their path. Crouch down and seek shelter if necessary. Do not attempt to drive through flooded areas, as this can cause massive damage to your car.

4. Helping hands during flood

You’ve likely seen images of people helping each other during a flood. Whether helping someone out of the rain or fetching water in a bucket, many of us have had a positive experience seeing someone help another person. But what drives people to help each other during a flood? People help when they see someone in need for two main reasons: altruism and empathy.

Altruism is the desire to do something good for someone else. Americans are often known for being a very charitable and generous nation, but this is not always the case. In recent years, Americans have become more selfish, showing less concern for others and more concern for themselves.

This behavior change is due to the economic downturn and social media’s growing presence. Because social media allows us to stay in touch with our friends and family 24/7, we are more likely to see negative news events than ever. Social media can make friends feel they must meet expectations by posting regularly, creating internal competition among friends. This inner competition is one of the main reasons people help each other during a flood. People feel obligated to help because they want to look good in front of their friends or because they don’t want anyone else

5. Effects Of Flood

Floods seriously threaten life, property, and wildlife in all parts of the world. They can cause major damage to buildings and infrastructure and contaminate drinking water. In addition, floodwaters can drive away or injure animals that live nearby. Many animals have developed special adaptations to help them survive floods. Deer, for example, have large hooves that allow them to navigate shallow water and wade through stagnant water.

Many bird species also have waterproof feathers that prevent water from entering their bodies. Once you know what to look for, it’s possible to spot signs of a flood before it happens. Listen for unusual sounds like gurgling water and rushing wind. Check the water levels in nearby puddles and streams and ensure the area is dry before entering. If you live in an area prone to flooding, take precautions to protect yourself and your property.

Bring your belongings above ground or install flood barriers on your home if possible. Keep your home debris-free so it doesn’t become a flood barrier during a flood event. If you live in a high-risk area, invest in insurance that covers flood events.

Hello! Welcome to my Blog StudyParagraphs.co. My name is Angelina. I am a college professor. I love reading writing for kids students. This blog is full with valuable knowledge for all class students. Thank you for reading my articles.

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• February 25, 2024

Essay on Flood :

A flood is a situation of excess water in any particular area that could be due to any of the underlying causes. In most cases, flooding is usually devastating and negative, but it could lead to some advantageous effects when the amount is limited. The severity and intensity of flooding determine the devastating effect of its presence. Flooding of areas can lead to the loss of habitat and wildlife. This may adversely affect human existence. The high level of river or water that may inundate the surrounding areas is referred to as a flood. In this case, there is excess water, and there is an overflow of water. 

Floods can be caused by different reasons in different areas, depending on the situation and mitigation strategies. The most prominent reason for flooding is excess rainfall in any particular area. Excessive rain in any particular area could be due to tropical weather disturbances. Trees and plants play a major role in preventing flooding by holding the soil firmly to the ground. It helps the water retain its flow. Therefore, cutting down trees or deforestation can also lead to excessive flooding, which could be devastating in its effect. Improper usage of agricultural land can also lead to flooding, because agricultural land plays an important role in preventing floods by holding the water and retaining it in the soil. For example, terrace farming in hilly areas is an important kind of agricultural practice that prevents flooding. 

Drainage in any city or place is important for the proper transportation of water in different channels. Improper drainage systems affect water movement, which may lead to excessive water in certain areas, leading to flooding. Sometimes drains are clogged due to the presence of unwanted particles. Regular cleaning of drains is important so that they play their role in eliminating excess water from a place and help in water transportation during the rainy season. Floodplains are areas that are the most vulnerable to flooding in any river. Over Construction in these areas may increase the chances of floods because it diverts the flow of the river and prevents its natural movement.

Breaking of dams due to any of the reasons is an important cause of flooding because it leads to the overflow of water in the areas at a sudden rate. This sudden increase in water in any particular area is the major cause of flooding, which is inevitable and could have devastating effects. Anthropogenic causes also play a major role in the occurrence of floods.  Human activities like overgrazing, deforestation, and overconstruction hamper the natural environment and the natural flow of rivers, which leads to flooding. The melting of snow and ice from the source also leads to flooding because of excess water at a sudden pace. 

The major effect of flooding is that it hinders the lives and properties of people and may lead to threatening situations for human existence. Floods damage important infrastructure and houses and prevent access to public facilities. The irrecoverable losses created by floods are very dangerous. It destroys the healthy conditions of the environment in which various species live. Flooding may have long-term consequences, including an increase in waterborne diseases. It also leads to soil erosion and salinization of water, which makes the soils unfit for agricultural production.  This may lead to a food shortage. However, flooding can play an important role in the natural habitat of forests because it may lead to an increased occurrence of some flora and fauna that never existed. It can also facilitate the existence of the present flora and fauna in the wildlife areas. 

Infrastructural development is the major mitigation strategy for fighting floods . The drainage system should be well maintained and enhanced. Individuals should adopt flood proofing measures like preventing construction near floodplain areas to maintain the natural flow of the river. Structural mitigation projects, like building dams, could also play an important role in eliminating flooding. Early warning systems are also important in creating awareness about floods among people. The flood prone areas should be left until minimal damage can be maintained.  

Flooding is a natural phenomenon that can have devastating effects on the lives of people and animals, along with infrastructural development. Mitigation strategies and awareness, along with an early warning system, should be established in order to help people deal with floods. Agricultural systems, which are anti flooding should be adopted. In conclusion, it is important to set up a multi sectoral approach to fight with such natural phenomena. 

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Flash flooding spurs water rescues in Pittsburgh area

PITTSBURGH — Flash flooding caused by relentless heavy rains that soaked western Pennsylvania spurred numerous rescues and evacuations in the region, but no injuries were reported.

The National Weather Service said nearly 3 inches of rain fell in a short time late Thursday afternoon and evening in parts of Allegheny County. The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette reported that some southern sections of the county got more than 4 inches as they got stuck under heavier bands within the storm system.

Rescue crews in the Pittsburgh suburb of Oakdale used watercraft to evacuate or rescue some residents, while officials in nearby Etna issued an emergency evacuation notice as Pine Creek breeched its banks at over 14 feet.

For the second time in a week, flood warnings were issued in West Virginia along the Ohio River, which was forecast to crest in the Pittsburgh area at above 25 feet late Friday into Saturday — well into flood stage. The river was at nearly 22 feet late Friday morning, a rapid rise from about 16.5 feet on Thursday morning, before the heavy rains moved into the region.

In Parkersburg, a portion of a loose barge struck a CSX railroad trestle spanning the swollen Little Kanawha River. Video from WTAP-TV showed the barge made contact with the trestle Friday morning as a train was moving across it before a towboat brought the barge until control. CSX was inspecting the trestle for structural damage. The Little Kanawha flows into the Ohio River.

Parts of New England were also dealing with flooding as more rain came early Friday. Strong winds were also possible throughout the region for most of the day.

Flood warnings were also in effect in several towns south of Hartford along the Connecticut River, which was expected to swell above 8 feet, a foot above flood stage. The weather service advised boaters to be prepared for a period of swift river flows.

In West Virginia, roads in at least 20 counties remained impassable Friday due to flooding from heavy rains Thursday night, according to the state Department of Transportation. Crews had to clear storm drains by hand that were overwhelmed by runoff on one section of Interstate 64 in Charleston.

In Michigan, Consumers Energy reported about 67,000 customers without power in the western part of the state Friday night due to high winds. Meanwhile, thousands of residents in southeastern New York who lost power when severe storms moved through the region late Thursday had been restored by late Friday afternoon. But roughly 7,600 outages were still reported in Pennsylvania and another 5,000 outages in Maine and New Hampshire, according to poweroutage.us.

The severe weather came after other storms socked the Southeast this week, prompting a few tornado warnings and causing flash flooding and at least one death.

An EF-1 tornado struck in Wilkesboro, North Carolina, on Thursday night, damaging and knocking down trees, including one that fell on a house, the weather service’s Blacksburg, Virginia, office confirmed in a statement Friday.

The tornado with estimated peak winds of 105 to 110 mph touched down about 6:45 p.m. and its path was about 2 miles long and 300 yards wide, the weather service said. No deaths or injuries were reported.

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Essay on Flood | Flood Essay for Students and Children in English

Flood Essay: Flood is one of the recurring natural disasters, which is an outcome of heavy rainfall and the accumulation of excessive water in every living area. Floods may occur due to the overflow of water from the reservoirs or due to heavy downpour of rain in places where the drainage systems are not adequately maintained. Water may look so harmless and peaceful until the large quantities termed Floods harms us.

You can read more  Essay Writing  about articles, events, people, sports, technology many more.

Long and Short Essays on Importance of Water for Students and Kids in English

A Long essay on the topic of Flood is provided; it is of 450-500 words. A short composition of 100-150 words are also given below. The extended articles are popular among students of classes 7, 8, 9, and 10. On the other hand, students in Classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 can refer to short essays.

Long Essay on Flood 500 Words in English

Flood is one of the recurring natural disasters, which is an outcome of heavy rainfall and the accumulation of excessive water in every living area. Floods may occur due to the overflow of water from the reservoirs or due to torrential downpours of rain in places where the drainage systems are not adequately maintained. Water may look so harmless and peaceful until the large quantities termed Floods harm us.

Floods can take place naturally, or environmental factors that destroy the water flow can help to facilitate them. As a result of climate change, the occurrence of floods increased. Climate change is a detrimental result of deforestation, which allows temperatures to increase on the surface of the earth. Global warming is linked to intense climatic changes such as heavy tempests, snow and rising seas. Such atmospheric changes lead to flooding. A flood is the leak and submergence of water on dry ground surfaces. It occurs as water flows outside of the normal limits from water sources. Flooding is environmentally destructive.

There are three main types of floods. Surge floods are floods that occur in coastal regions due to surges and tidal changes that occur in the sea or ocean. Hurricanes and storm surge on the sea or ocean can cause minor, moderate or significant floods. The extent or severity of the floods is determined by the strength, size, speed and directions of the surges. Three main flood types exist. Surge inundations represent floods that take place in coastal regions as a result of sea or ocean fluctuations. Hurricanes and sea or ocean storm can cause small, modest or debilitating flooding. The volume or magnitude of the flux depends on the strength, size, velocity of the floods. Usually, flooding is extreme and enormous.

Pluvial floods are another form of a flood. Surface water due to excessive runoff causes pluvial inundations. Pluvial floods are damaging as they disrupt the drainage networks and create systemic flooding. Pluvial drainage and rain and erosion occurs. While pluvial floods do not involve much water, the environment and infrastructure are massively destroyed.

Naturally, some environmental factors are responsible for floods. The overflow of water forms of water bodies can cause heavy rains. Boundaries of bodies of water such as banks of the river or lakes are breached. Massive flooding causes disasters like tsunamis and storm uprisings.

Floods harm the ecosystem and the habitat and have a detrimental effect. Floods cause death to both living and human beings. Destruction of land and infrastructure has a devastating effect on the impacted region’s economies, and commercial development is at a standstill due to damaged livelihoods. Migration from flood-prone areas is regularly leading to overcrowding in urban areas. The rehabilitation of flood destruction is causing financial constraints. It is a challenge to avoid floods caused by natural causes. In conclusion, the disruptive essence of flooding is clear.

Short Essay on Flood 150 Words in English

Floods can take place naturally, or environmental factors that destroy the water flow can help to facilitate them. As a result of climate change, the occurrence of floods increased. Climate change is a detrimental result of deforestation, which allows temperatures to increase on the surface of the earth. Global warming is linked to intense climatic changes such as heavy tempests, snow and rising seas. Such atmospheric changes lead to flooding. A flood is the leak and submergence of water on dry ground surfaces. The extent or severity of the floods is determined by the strength, size, speed and directions of the surges.

Three main flood types exist. Surge inundations represent floods that take place in the coastal regions as a result of sea or ocean fluctuations. Hurricanes and sea or ocean storm can cause small, modest or debilitating flooding. The volume or magnitude of the flux depends on the strength, size, velocity of the floods. While pluvial floods do not involve much water, the environment and infrastructure are massively destroyed.

Naturally, some environmental factors are responsible for floods. The overflow of water forms of water bodies can cause heavy rains. Boundaries of bodies of water such as banks of the river or lakes are breached. Massive flooding causes disasters like tsunamis and storm uprisings. Floods harm the ecosystem and the habitat and have a detrimental effect. Floods cause death to both living and human beings.

10 Lines on Flood Essay in English

• As a result of climate change, the occurrence of floods increased.
• Climate change is a detrimental result of deforestation, which allows temperatures to increase on the surface of the earth.
• Floods can take place naturally, or environmental factors that destroy the water flow can help to facilitate them.
• Three main flood types exist; Surge, River, and Pluvial.
• Usually, flooding is extreme and enormous.
• Heavy flooding causes disasters like tsunamis and storm uprisings.
• Surface water due to excessive runoff causes pluvial inundations.
• Floods cause death to both living and human beings.
• The overflow of water forms of water bodies can cause heavy rains.
• Surge flood is usually severe and massively destructive.

FAQ’s on Flood Essay

Question 1. What is a flood?

Answer: Flood is one of the recurring natural disasters which is an outcome of above-average rainfall and accumulation of excessive water in every living area.

Question 2. How many types of floods can occur?

Answer: There are three types of floods.

Question 3. What are the three types of floods?

Answer: The three types are: Surge, River, and Pluvial

Question 4. What causes floods?

Answer: Naturally, some environmental factors are responsible for floods. The overflow of water forms water bodies can cause heavy rains. Boundaries of bodies of water such as banks of the river or lakes are breached. Heavy flooding causes disasters like tsunamis and storm uprisings.

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April 18, 2024

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Stifled Rage

April 18, 2024 issue

Louisa May Alcott; illustration by Maya Chessman

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A Strange Life: Selected Essays of Louisa May Alcott

“I write for myself and strangers,” Gertrude Stein once announced. So, too, Louisa May Alcott, who wrote for herself as well as the strangers who have been reading Little Women since 1868, when it first appeared. For more than a century and a half, Little Women has inspired playwrights, composers, filmmakers, scholars, novelists, and of course countless young girls. Jane Smiley salutes those young girls—she was one of them—in her warmly appreciative preface to A Strange Life , Liz Rosenberg’s slim new collection of Alcott’s essays.

When she first encountered Little Women , Smiley realized that a book about girls was actually famous and that every library had it. Later it even seemed that the book had to be about Alcott’s own life. And since many others have felt the same way—with good reason—it’s not surprising that new biographies come down the pike every few years, intent on changing the negative view of Alcott best expressed by Henry James, who belittled her as “the Thackeray, the Trollope, of the nursery and the school-room.”

Martha Saxton’s feminist Louisa May: A Modern Biography (1977) and, more recently, biographies by Harriet Reisen, Susan Cheever, and Eve LaPlante, and by scholars such as John Matteson, have demonstrated that Alcott was much more than the author of what she self-deprecatingly called “moral pap for the young.” Rather, as a woman of imagination with considerable stylistic range, Alcott composed gothic tales, short stories, satires, fantasies, adult novels, poetry, memoirs, and essays in which she wrote of female independence and its costs in a restrictive domestic circle. She was also a prolific letter writer who converted into a tart prose style much of her anguish—and anger—at the circumstances in which she found herself, as a woman, as a dutiful daughter, as a second-class citizen, and, ironically, as a best-selling author who worked hard to maintain her popularity.

Rosenberg, the author of Scribbles, Sorrows, and Russet Leather Boots: The Life of Louisa May Alcott (2021), aimed at young readers, is thus not the first person to suggest that Alcott, and in particular her nonfiction, are worthy of serious attention. There’s also Elaine Showalter’s excellent selection of Alcott’s prose in Alternative Alcott (1988); there’s the Portable Louisa May Alcott (2000), edited by Elizabeth Lennox Keyser, and The Sketches of Louisa May Alcott (2001), collected by the Alcott specialist Gregory Eiselein, not to mention the superb selection of her nonfiction in one of the Alcott volumes published by the Library of America.

In A Strange Life , Rosenberg wisely includes Alcott’s best-known prose works—the excellent, slightly fictionalized memoir “Transcendental Wild Oats” and the exceptional (abridged) Hospital Sketches —and sets them alongside excerpts from her semiautobiographical nonfiction to show that her prose, as she explains in her introduction, “canters along; she covers great distances in the fewest words; there is no dilly-dallying.” Maybe so; what’s also true is that Alcott can write with unmistakable acerbity.

Rosenberg provides some biographical information on Alcott as well but unfortunately doesn’t explain why she chose certain pieces and not others, or why she arranged them in the order she did. Presumably the essay “Happy Women” (1868), her penultimate selection, is meant to present Alcott at her feminist best. True, it was written as a buck-me-up advice column for the unmarried woman, counseling her not to fear becoming an “old maid” since “the loss of liberty, happiness, and self respect is poorly repaid by the barren honor of being called ‘Mrs.’” In stock terms, Alcott advises, “Be true to yourselves; cherish whatever talent you possess, and in using it faithfully for the good of others, you will most assuredly find happiness for yourself.” But pieces that Rosenberg didn’t include, such as “Unofficial Incidents Overlooked by the Reporters” (1875), Alcott’s account of the centennial celebration in Concord, Massachusetts, have far more bite:

We had no place in the procession, but such women as wished to hear the oration were directed to meet in the Town Hall at half-past nine, and wait there until certain persons, detailed for the service, should come to lead them to the tent, where a limited number of seats had been reserved for the weaker vessels.

Rosenberg also reprints short excerpts from Alcott’s travel book, Shawl-Straps : An Account of a Trip to Europe (1872), but these selections—from the essays “Women of Brittany,” “The Flood in Rome,” and “Visit from a King”—are flat and predictable. And while she includes Alcott’s autobiographical sketch “My Boys,” a forgettable group of portraits intended mainly for young people and originally published in Aunt Jo’s Scrap-Bag (1872), Rosenberg fails to note that this was the first in a series of six Scrap-Bag books ( Shawl-Straps being the first), and that in them Alcott cleverly assumed the voice of Jo March Bhaer, from the best-selling Little Women —presumably to make money.

Despite the thinness of these sketches, they could be enriched if the reader knew the books from which they’re taken or more of the circumstances under which they were written. For Alcott worked obsessively to become a successful writer and, not coincidentally, her impoverished family’s breadwinner. Her father, Amos Bronson Alcott, was eccentric and impecunious—and lovable, as long as you weren’t related to him. A self-taught Connecticut peddler turned educator, Bronson for a time ran the progressive Temple School in Boston. But after he published Conversations with Children on the Gospels (1836–1837), in which he included allusions to sex and birth, scandalized Bostonians withdrew their children from the school, forcing it to close. His next venture was short-lived; he admitted a Black child to a new school and even his die-hard supporters bolted.

Then in 1843, when Louisa was ten, Bronson marched his family off to the town of Harvard, Massachusetts, about fourteen miles from Concord, where the Alcotts had been living. At a farm inappropriately dubbed Fruitlands, Bronson believed that they and a small band of cohorts could create a new Garden of Eden by living off the fruit of the land. “Insane, well-meaning egotists,” the antislavery writer Lydia Maria Child called them.

At Fruitlands, Abigail May Alcott, Louisa’s mother, was tasked with the cleaning, the washing of clothes, and the cooking, though there was little of that since utopia mandated a diet of mostly raw vegetables. (Rosenberg calls Bronson “a prescient and intelligent vegetarian pre-hippie.”) She was miserable, and the children almost starved. The model for the beloved Marmee, the mother of the brood in Little Women , Abigail was the youngest child in a family of prominent Boston Brahmin liberals; her brother was the passionate Unitarian abolitionist and women’s rights advocate Samuel Joseph May. She studied French, Latin, and chemistry privately in Duxbury, Massachusetts, and later helped form the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society. In 1830 she married the self-involved Bronson, who confessed in his journal, “I love her because she loves me.” In Little Women , Marmee understandably declares, “I am angry nearly every day of my life.”

In “Transcendental Wild Oats” (1873), Alcott changes the names of the Fruitlanders and, Rosenberg argues, “alternates broad comedy with tragedy.” As she puts it, “Alcott never lingers on the psychological devastation” that she likely experienced but rather

focuses on the characters around her and records the homely details of daily life (“unleavened bread, porridge, and water for breakfast; bread, vegetables, and water for dinner; bread, fruit, and water for supper”), leaving little room for disbelief.

Yet Alcott’s details are telling. Her irony is unmistakable, and her voice devastating in its affectlessness. As she observes, these “modern pilgrims,” most notably her father, possessed “the firm belief that plenteous orchards were soon to be evoked from their inner consciousness.” Once in their prospective Eden, she acidly continues, “no teapot profaned that sacred stove, no gory steak cried aloud for vengeance from her chaste gridiron; and only a brave woman’s taste, time, and temper were sacrificed on that domestic altar.” Fortunately the sojourn in paradise lasted only seven months.

The Alcotts eventually resettled in Concord, where Louisa grew up near Emerson, Thoreau, and later Hawthorne. But since “money is never plentiful in a philosopher’s house,” as she later recollected, the family temporarily moved to a basement apartment in Boston. After her mother formed what was basically a female employment agency, Louisa volunteered to take a position as a lady’s live-in companion in Dedham, Massachusetts. It turned out to be a degrading experience that she partly fictionalized in the essay “How I Went Out to Service” (1874), with which Rosenberg opens her volume, claiming it’s yet another example of Alcott’s ability to “strike the intersecting point between tragedy and comedy.” It’s a fine essay but not particularly comic: it’s a chilly story of exploitation and sexual harassment despite the moralizing conclusion about how the experience taught her many lessons.

Doubtless it did, but it also seems that Alcott wrote more for strangers than herself, often muzzling the intensity of her response to those who underestimated, harassed, or took advantage of her. She had begun to sell stories to help support her family, and though she’d already published two in the prestigious Atlantic Monthly , she also tried her hand at teaching again, despite her hatred of it. The publisher of The Atlantic , James Fields, loaned her forty dollars to help outfit her classroom, but when she came to him with another story—according to Rosenberg, “How I Went Out to Service”—he told her bluntly, “Stick to your teaching.” Rosenberg omits what happened later: after the success of Little Women , Alcott paid back the loan, telling Fields she’d found that writing paid far better than teaching, so she’d stick to her pen. “He laughed,” she said, “& owned that he made a mistake.”

She never forgot the insult. Like Marmee, who said she was angry nearly every day of her life, Alcott added, “I have learned not to show it.” Instead she found ways to stifle her rage, distancing herself from her feelings and retreating into the safety of platitudes, which often deaden her prose. For instance, at the conclusion of “How I Went Out to Service,” she tacks on a lesson about “making a companion, not a servant, of those whose aid I need, and helping to gild their honest wages with the sympathy and justice which can sweeten the humblest and lighten the hardest task.” It’s not clear if she’s counseling the reader or herself.

That’s far less true, though, in Hospital Sketches (1863), Alcott’s first successful book, in which she combined her recollections with material from the letters she wrote home while serving as an army nurse at the Union Hotel Hospital in Washington, D.C. Having “corked up” her tears, she nonetheless writes with feeling about “the barren honors” that these soldiers, cut to pieces at Fredericksburg, had won. She washed their bodies with brown soap, dressed their wounds, sang them lullabies, mopped their brows, and scribbled letters to the mothers and sweethearts of the nameless men, some without arms or legs, who lay in excruciating pain in the hotel’s ballroom. Such “seeming carelessness of the value of life, the sanctity of death” astonished Alcott, who wanted to believe that none of them had been sacrificed in vain.

She lasted only six weeks before she fell ill with typhoid pneumonia and had to be taken home to Concord by her father. The physicians who treated her shaved her hair and dosed her with calomel, a mercury compound that ultimately ruined her health. Alcott, encouraged by a friend to publish her experience, wrote of the desperate conditions that had made her, like many others, so sick: the fetid water and poor ventilation and scant or inedible food. And she wrote not just of the clammy foreheads and agonized deaths, and the insouciance of doctors who made a young woman tell a desperate man that he was dying, but also of the inescapable racism even of her fellow nurses:

I expected to have to defend myself from accusations of prejudice against color; but was surprised to find things just the other way, and daily shocked some neighbor by treating the blacks as I did the whites. The men would swear at the “darkies,” would put two g s into negro, and scoff at the idea of any good coming from such trash. The nurses were willing to be served by the colored people, but seldom thanked them, never praised, and scarcely recognized them in the street.

When she voluntarily touched a small Black child, she was labeled a fanatic. Alcott then offers a typical homily:

Though a hospital is a rough school, its lessons are both stern and salutary; and the humblest of pupils there, in proportion to his faithfulness, learns a deeper faith in God and in himself.

These homilies, like her detachment, may have been a marketing strategy, since she worried always about hanging on to her audience. Yet she did still write for herself after all. “Darkness made visible,” as she called it, was what she also sought, anticipating, in her way, what the witty Emily Dickinson surmised: “Success in Circuit lies.”

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Brenda Wineapple is a Fellow at the Dorothy and Lewis B. Cullman Center for Scholars and Writers at the New York Public Library. Her book about the 1925 Scopes trial , Keeping the Faith: God, Democracy, and the Trial That Riveted a Nation , will be published in August. (April 2024)

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6 facts about americans and tiktok.

Increasing shares of U.S. adults are turning to the short-form video sharing platform TikTok in general and for news .

Pew Research Center conducted this analysis to better understand Americans’ use and perceptions of TikTok. The data for this analysis comes from several Center surveys conducted in 2023.

More information about the surveys and their methodologies, including the sample sizes and field dates, can be found at the links in the text.

Pew Research Center is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts, its primary funder. This is the latest analysis in Pew Research Center’s ongoing investigation of the state of news, information and journalism in the digital age, a research program funded by The Pew Charitable Trusts, with generous support from the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation.

This analysis draws from several Pew Research Center reports on Americans’ use of and attitudes about social media, based on surveys conducted in 2023. For more information, read:

Americans’ Social Media Use

How u.s. adults use tiktok.

• Social Media and News Fact Sheet
• Teens, Social Media and Technology 2023

At the same time, some Americans have concerns about the Chinese-owned platform’s approach to data privacy and its potential impact on national security. Lawmakers in the U.S. House of Representatives recently passed a bill that, if passed in the Senate and signed into law, would restrict TikTok’s ability to operate in the United States.

Here are six key facts about Americans and TikTok, drawn from Pew Research Center surveys.

A third of U.S. adults – including a majority of adults under 30 – use TikTok. Around six-in-ten U.S. adults under 30 (62%) say they use TikTok, compared with 39% of those ages 30 to 49, 24% of those 50 to 64, and 10% of those 65 and older.

In a 2023 Center survey , TikTok stood out from other platforms we asked about for the rapid growth of its user base. Just two years earlier, 21% of U.S. adults used the platform.

A majority of U.S. teens use TikTok. About six-in-ten teens ages 13 to 17 (63%) say they use the platform. More than half of teens (58%) use it daily, including 17% who say they’re on it “almost constantly.”

A higher share of teen girls than teen boys say they use TikTok almost constantly (22% vs. 12%). Hispanic teens also stand out: Around a third (32%) say they’re on TikTok almost constantly, compared with 20% of Black teens and 10% of White teens.

In fall 2023, support for a U.S. TikTok ban had declined. Around four-in-ten Americans (38%) said that they would support the U.S. government banning TikTok, down from 50% in March 2023. A slightly smaller share (27%) said they would oppose a ban, while 35% were not sure. This question was asked before the House of Representatives passed the bill that could ban the app.

Republicans and Republican-leaning independents were far more likely than Democrats and Democratic leaners to support a TikTok ban (50% vs. 29%), but support had declined across both parties since earlier in the year.

Adults under 30 were less likely to support a ban than their older counterparts. About three-in-ten adults under 30 (29%) supported a ban, compared with 36% of those ages 30 to 49, 39% of those ages 50 to 64, and 49% of those ages 65 and older.

In a separate fall 2023 survey, only 18% of U.S. teens said they supported a ban. 

A relatively small share of users produce most of TikTok’s content. About half of U.S. adult TikTok users (52%) have ever posted a video on the platform. In fact, of all the TikTok content posted by American adults, 98% of publicly accessible videos come from the most active 25% of users .

Those who have posted TikTok content are more active on the site overall. These users follow more accounts, have more followers and are more likely to have filled out an account bio.

Although younger U.S. adults are more likely to use TikTok, their posting behaviors don’t look much different from those of older age groups.

About four-in-ten U.S. TikTok users (43%) say they regularly get news there. While news consumption on other social media sites has declined or remained stagnant in recent years, the share of U.S. TikTok users who get news on the site has doubled since 2020, when 22% got news there.

Related: Social Media and News Fact Sheet

TikTok news consumers are especially likely to be:

• Young. The vast majority of U.S. adults who regularly get news on TikTok are under 50: 44% are ages 18 to 29 and 38% are 30 to 49. Just 4% of TikTok news consumers are ages 65 and older.
• Women. A majority of regular TikTok news consumers in the U.S. are women (58%), while 39% are men. These gender differences are similar to those among news consumers on Instagram and Facebook.
• Democrats. Six-in-ten regular news consumers on TikTok are Democrats or Democratic-leaning independents, while a third are Republicans or GOP leaners.
• Hispanic or Black. Three-in-ten regular TikTok news users in the U.S. are Hispanic, while 19% are Black. Both shares are higher than these groups’ share of the adult population. Around four-in-ten (39%) TikTok news consumers are White, although this group makes up 59% of U.S. adults overall .

A majority of Americans (59%) see TikTok as a major or minor threat to U.S. national security, including 29% who see the app as a major threat. Our May 2023 survey also found that opinions vary across several groups:

• About four-in-ten Republicans (41%) see TikTok as a major threat to national security, compared with 19% of Democrats.
• Older adults are more likely to see TikTok as a major threat: 46% of Americans ages 65 and older say this, compared with 13% of those ages 18 to 29.
• U.S. adults who do not use TikTok are far more likely than TikTok users to believe TikTok is a major threat (36% vs. 9%).

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WhatsApp and Facebook dominate the social media landscape in middle-income nations

Teens and social media fact sheet, most popular.

About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts .

Gloria’s proposed budget avoids painful cuts with borrowing, other short-term fixes

The San Diego mayor’s $2.15 billion spending plan uses one-time financial moves and low-profile cuts to close the deficit but also increases funding for homelessness and flood prevention

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San Diego Mayor Todd Gloria will release a proposed budget Friday that increases spending on homelessness and flood prevention but cuts free city Wi-FI, help for immigrants and other low-profile programs.

The mayor’s proposal would avoid much deeper cuts with one-time moves like canceling $30 million in scheduled reserve contributions and borrowing $25 million to fund infrastructure projects instead of paying for them up front.

Other one-time moves include using $15 million in Housing Commission reserves to pay for ongoing city homelessness programs, and canceling the city’s contribution to its climate equity fund for one year to make $8.5 million available for other expenses.

Such one-time moves, where ongoing expenses aren’t supported by ongoing revenues, are generally considered bad budgeting practice by organizations that advise government agencies.

The mayor said these moves make sense because he doesn’t want to reverse progress on issues like homelessness and street paving. He also said he is optimistic that tax revenues will rise later this year as inflation eases and that that could mean lower interest rates.

“I’d rather not have one-time solutions for ongoing costs, but the fact is we’re in a difficult position,” Gloria said.

City finance officials say additional reasons these moves make sense for San Diego are two proposed tax increases that could appear on the November ballot and could, if passed, raise annual city revenue.

Those measures include a proposed one-cent city sales tax hike that would generate $400 million annually, and a stormwater fee hike that could generate about $100 million for flood prevention.

A San Diego sales tax hike is one step closer to the November ballot. Can the city convince voters to support it?

The City Council’s Rules Committee praised the measure as a way to boost the city, while critics cited San Diego’s already high cost of living and past city mismanagement

March 20, 2024

The mayor’s proposed budget would cover the fiscal year that starts July 1. Finance officials said deeper cuts would be necessary the following fiscal year if voters reject the two city revenue measures.

That’s because San Diego has what officials call a structural deficit of roughly $200 million in its annual general fund budget of just over $2 billion. The structural gap has been partly masked in recent years by $550 million in federal pandemic aid the city received, which has completely run out.

The mayor’s proposed budget would widen the $200 million structural gap a bit further by adding about $18 million for 1,000 new homeless shelter beds and a new designated parking site for people who sleep in their cars, and by quadrupling annual funding for emergency flood prevention from $20 million to $80 million.

What San Diego is — and isn’t — doing to fix its ‘failing’ stormwater system

The city’s outdated and underfunded stormwater infrastructure has left it vulnerable to the kinds of floods that ravaged southeastern communities last week

Jan. 28, 2024

But his proposed spending plan, which will be debated this spring by the City Council and finalized in June, closes that gap with a combination of strategic cuts and one-time financial moves.

The cuts, which don’t call for any layoffs to the city’s 11,000-member workforce, include eliminating the city’s Office of Immigrant Affairs and its Cannabis Social Equity Program.

The three-employee Office of Immigrant Affairs helps immigrants and refugees with paperwork and other challenges. The cannabis program, which is still being developed, would help people disproportionately affected by the war on drugs open dispensaries.

Other cuts include reductions in funding for SD Access 4 All, a program that provides free WiFi and loaner laptops at city libraries, recreation centers and elsewhere. It’s considered particularly important in low-income areas.

Funding for events and programs at libraries and recreation centers would also be reduced by $2.5 million total under the mayor’s proposal.

While the budget mostly avoids cuts to public safety efforts — police, lifeguards and firefighters — it would save $1 million by making one of the city’s two firefighting helicopters non-operational for the half the year when wildfires are less likely.

The proposal would also save $400,000 by shrinking the number of annual fire academies from three to two.

Gloria would save another $4 million by shrinking the number of recruits for each of four annual police academies from 43 to 30. City officials said this makes sense because there has been a downward trend in the number of recruits at police academies, including only 25 participating in the most recent one.

There would be $18.5 million in additional savings across several departments created primarily by a citywide hiring freeze, elimination of some training programs, delaying purchase of some supplies and making administrative changes.

The mayor’s budget prioritizes cuts that could be restored quickly and easily if voters approve one or both of the possible November ballot measures. The council is expected to decide this summer whether the measures will make the ballot.

San Diego’s proposed flood prevention tax gets one step closer to November ballot

Committee endorses parcel tax; city leaders say exemptions would include churches, low-income seniors

Feb. 21, 2024

Gloria said avoiding drastic cuts that could set city services back for years is a key reason his spending plan relies on many one-time financial moves. He pointed to the difficulty the city could face in reopening a library branch after it has been completely shuttered.

“We are calling this the ‘protecting our progress’ budget,” the mayor said. “We don’t want to let up on our priority areas.”

The one-time moves include canceling an $8.4 million reserve contribution for the ongoing fiscal year and a $21.4 million reserve contribution scheduled for the new fiscal year.

Those moves would delay even further San Diego reaching its goal of having 16.7 percent of its annual budget in its reserve fund, which amounts to two months of expenses. The mayor’s proposal would leave the city with $207.1 million in reserves — only about 9.6 percent of the $2.15 billion budget he’s proposing.

The move would mark the second time in less than two years that the city has softened its commitment to the goal of 16.7 percent, which is recommended by the Government Finance Officers Association.

In late 2022, the City Council approved a plan that delayed from 2025 to 2030 achieving the goal. For this proposed budget, the amount of reserves needed would be $359 million.

San Diego softening its financial reserves policy despite recession fears

City officials blame the pandemic and say a slower approach to increasing reserves is more achievable and realistic.

Nov. 29, 2022

The mayor’s proposal would delay that goal indefinitely. It would also mean that the city will have only increased its reserves by $1.5 million over five the fiscal years from 2021 to 2025.

Gloria defended that move, stressing that his budget wouldn’t use any reserves — it would just give the city two “reserve vacations” during a tough financial time. Not tapping into reserves makes it likely the city will retain its strong credit rating, he said.

“This is a fiscally prudent middle path,” he said.

Another one-time move would be financing $25 million in already-approved capital improvement projects by selling lease-revenue bonds, which would free up that amount in cash to pay for other things.

The mayor also proposes to take $15 million from the city’s Housing Commission — mostly from the commission’s reserves — to pay for ongoing city homelessness efforts.

The move would allow San Diego to maintain all its existing homelessness programs and add a new 1,000-bed shelter proposed for Kettner Boulevard north of downtown. The budget calls for $110 million in homelessness spending in fiscal 2025, up from $92 million during the ongoing fiscal year.

With the Housing Commission contribution, the city’s contribution would be only $95 million — $3 million more than the ongoing fiscal year.

Under fire for homelessness plans, Gloria shifts gears to propose 1,000-bed shelter in empty warehouse

The proposal announced Thursday marks a retreat from his controversial proposal to build a large shelter at H Barracks near Harbor Island

April 4, 2024

The mayor also proposes to shift how the city typically uses money in its Infrastructure Fund, which is created during each budget season based on projected increases to city tax revenues in the adopted budget.

Estimated revenue increases this year require the city to put $19.7 million in the fund. The mayor would do that — but he wants to spend the money on operations and facilities maintenance instead of on capital projects, as it is usually spent.

City voters created the Infrastructure Fund in 2016 when they approved Measure H. The ballot language says the money must be spent on “the acquisition of real property, construction, reconstruction, rehabilitation, repair, and maintenance of infrastructure.”

The mayor also proposes waiving the annual contribution to the city’s climate equity fund, which pays for projects to help make low-income communities more resilient to climate change. That would give the general fund another $8.5 million.

San Diego council unanimously approves $5M per year for ‘climate equity’ fund

Money will pay for parks, infrastructure to fight climate change in poor, ethically diverse areas

March 9, 2021

Another proposed move is placing in the general fund $7.7 million in new settlement money from Monsanto, which is paying government agencies compensatory damages for chemicals it manufactured that harmed the environment.

The mayor would also place in the general fund $5.8 million from the sale of downtown’s Tailgate Park. The money has been earmarked for Bridge to Home, a gap-financing program for income-restricted housing projects.

Another move by the mayor that would help close the deficit is revising revenue projections for the end of the ongoing fiscal year. Those projections had been revised downward this winter, but are now being revised upward by $13.2 million in the mayor’s new proposal.

‘You are not a good credit risk’: San Diego’s pension board rejects the city’s bid to slash its payments

They opted instead for a more conservative proposal that cuts payments less dramatically in the near term and keeps payments more steady a decade from now

March 8, 2024

This year’s budget gap could have been worse if the city’s pension board hadn’t approved new calculations last month of the city’s pension debt that lowered by $27 million the annual payment due this July from the general fund.

City finance officials had requested additional calculation changes that would have lowered the payment even further, by about $100 million, but the pension board rejected those.

One change that’s certain to shrink the city’s structural deficit is voter-approved Measure B, which allows the city to start charging single-family homes for trash and recycling services starting in fiscal year 2026. The change is expected to boost the general fund by about $80 million a year.

What kind of trash pickup do San Diegans want? City OKs controversial plan to spend $4.5 million to find out

Many residents and some city leaders have expressed concern that the cost of the study is too high, but the City Council voted 7-1 in favor

March 12, 2024

The mayor’s proposed budget is based on an expectation that property tax revenue will rise from $759 million to $807 million during the new fiscal year. Hotel tax revenue is expected to rise only slightly, from $173 million to $174 million. Sales tax is expected to drop, from $402 million to $393 million.

Franchise fees from cable and power companies are expected to rise from $110 million to $124 million, primarily because San Diego Gas & Electric is raising its rates.

The size of the general fund would rise under the mayor’s proposal from $2.08 billion to $2.15 billion, an increase of 3.2 percent.

The budget doesn’t sharply increase funding for street paving, something city officials have called for since a comprehensive evaluation of the condition of city roads was unveiled this winter.

San Diego’s streets have deteriorated sharply, a sweeping new survey shows. Here’s where they’re worst.

The new ruling drops them well below “satisfactory,” and more than one third of the city’s network of streets is rated poor or worse

Jan. 17, 2024

But the budget does include $140.7 million for street repairs, which would let the city pave 15 more miles of streets in the next fiscal year than the last — 60 miles in fiscal year 2024 versus 75 in fiscal year 2025.

The budget also includes money for more design work on future paving projects, which could allow the number of miles paved in fiscal year 2026 to increase to 105.

The council’s Budget Review Committee is scheduled to receive detailed reports on all of the proposals in the budget during meetings on May 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7.

The council discussed this winter possibly taking more power over the budget from the mayor.

San Diego council may take more control over city budget process with big deficits, cuts looming

Proposals to increase council’s role in making cuts, adding new spending would come at expense of mayor

Jan. 15, 2024

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Flash flooding sweeps into the Pittsburgh area and spurs numerous water rescues

By the associated press - | apr 13, 2024.

In this image provided by Pittsburgh Public Safety, Pittsburgh area water rescue team rescued a woman trapped in a car sinking in rising waters along a section of Route 51 east of the city Thursday night, April 11, 2024, in Pittsburg. Flash flooding caused by relentless heavy rains that soaked western Pennsylvania spurred numerous rescues and evacuations in the region, but no injuries were reported. (Pittsburgh Public Safety via AP)

PITTSBURGH (AP) — Flash flooding caused by relentless heavy rains that soaked western Pennsylvania spurred numerous rescues and evacuations in the region, but no injuries were reported.

The National Weather Service said nearly 3 inches (7.6 centimeters) of rain fell in a short time late Thursday afternoon and evening in parts of Allegheny County. The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette reported that some southern sections of the county got more than 4 inches as they got stuck under heavier bands within the storm system.

Rescue crews in the Pittsburgh suburb of Oakdale used watercraft to evacuate or rescue some residents, while officials in nearby Etna issued an emergency evacuation notice as Pine Creek breeched its banks at over 14 feet (4.3 meters).

For the second time in a week, flood warnings were issued in West Virginia along the Ohio River, which was forecast to crest in the Pittsburgh area at above 25 feet late Friday into Saturday — well into flood stage. The river was at nearly 22 feet late Friday morning, a rapid rise from about 16.5 feet on Thursday morning, before the heavy rains moved into the region.

In Parkersburg, a portion of a loose barge struck a CSX railroad trestle spanning the swollen Little Kanawha River. Video from WTAP-TV showed the barge made contact with the trestle Friday morning as a train was moving across it before a towboat brought the barge until control. CSX was inspecting the trestle for structural damage. The Little Kanawha flows into the Ohio River.

Parts of New England were also dealing with flooding as more rain came early Friday. Strong winds were also possible throughout the region for most of the day.

Flood warnings were also in effect in several towns south of Hartford along the Connecticut River, which was expected to swell above 8 feet (2.4 meters), a foot above flood stage. The weather service advised boaters to be prepared for a period of swift river flows.

In West Virginia, roads in at least 20 counties remained impassable Friday due to flooding from heavy rains Thursday night, according to the state Department of Transportation. Crews had to clear storm drains by hand that were overwhelmed by runoff on one section of Interstate 64 in Charleston.

In Michigan, Consumers Energy reported about 67,000 customers without power in the western part of the state Friday night due to high winds. Meanwhile, thousands of residents in southeastern New York who lost power when severe storms moved through the region late Thursday had been restored by late Friday afternoon. But roughly 7,600 outages were still reported in Pennsylvania and another 5,000 outages in Maine and New Hampshire, according to poweroutage.us.

The severe weather came after other storms socked the Southeast this week, prompting a few tornado warnings and causing flash flooding and at least one death.

An EF-1 tornado struck in Wilkesboro, North Carolina, on Thursday night, damaging and knocking down trees, including one that fell on a house, the weather service’s Blacksburg, Virginia, office confirmed in a statement Friday.

The tornado with estimated peak winds of 105 to 110 mph (169 to 177 kph) touched down around 6:45 p.m. and its path was about 2 miles (3.22 kilometers) long and 300 yards (274.32 meters) wide, the weather service said. No deaths or injuries were reported.

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Essay on Flood

Flood is an overflow of huge amount of water covering large areas causing destruction at the places affected. Many regions across the globe face the problem of floods each year.

Flood occurs due to excessive downpour and lack of proper drainage system. The severity of flood may vary from region to region and the destruction caused due to the same varies accordingly.

Long and Short Essay on Flood in English

Here are essays on flood of varying lengths to help you with the topic whenever you required. You can chose any flood essay according to your need:

Flood Essay – 1 (200 words)

Floods are caused in areas where there is excessive downpour and poor drainage system. Flood is also caused because of other reasons including overflow of water from rivers and oceans, overflow of water in the plains due to dam break, excessive flow of water owing to sudden melting of glaciers. In coastal areas hurricanes and tsunamis cause flood. Floods can cause major destruction just as other natural calamities.

Several towns and cities around the world have suffered from severe floods that have cost lives of people and animals, resulted in loss of property and other valuable assets and destruction of soil and plants. Farmers are majorly impacted by floods as their crops get ruined owing to this weather condition. Water accumulated for days at a particular place also results in the outbreak of various diseases. When the condition is severe, the schools and offices are shut and it thus disturbs the normal life of people. Places that face severe floods take months to resurrect.

The irony is that there are certain regions that are hit by flood frequently and even though the government is aware about the problem, proper measures are not being taken to overcome it. The government must build good drainage system and water storage systems to control this problem.

Flood Essay – 2 (300 words)

Flood caused due water logging that is mostly a result of heavy rainfall are known to have fatal consequences. It results in loss of life, rise in diseases, price rise, economic loss and destruction of the environment among other issues. The impact the floods depend on their type and severity.

Types of Floods

Some floods can subside in a few days while others take weeks to subside and have a major impact on the lives of the people living in that area. Here is a look at the different types of floods:

• Slow On-set Floods

This type of flood is caused when the water bodies such as rivers overflow and affect the nearby areas. This flood develops slowly and may last from a few days to weeks. These spread over several kilometres and mostly impact the low lying areas. Water accumulated due to flood in such areas may cause harm to property and can also be a cause of various diseases.

• Rapid On-set Floods

These take a slightly longer to build and can last for a day or two. These are also known to be extremely destructive. However, people are mostly warned about these and have a chance to escape before the situation becomes worse. Tourists planning holiday to such places can postpone or cancel the plan when there is still time and avoid the trauma caused by this situation.

• Flash Floods

Flash floods mostly occur within a very short duration of time such as a few hours or even minutes. These are mostly caused due to heavy rainfall, melting of snow or dam break. These are known to be the most fatal among all and can result in mass destruction as these are almost sudden and people do not get any time to take caution.

Conclusion  

Floods disrupt the day to day life in the affected regions. They cause various problems for the people living in such areas. Regions hit by severe floods take months and at times even years to rebuild.

Flood Essay – 3 (400 words)

Flood is a natural disaster that is caused due to the accumulation of excessive water in a region. This is often an outcome of heavy rainfall. Many regions also face flood due to overflow of river or ocean water, breaking of dams and melting of snow. In the coastal areas, hurricanes and tsunamis are known to bring about this condition.

Flood-Prone Regions around the World

Several regions across the globe are prone to frequent floods. The cities around the world that face severe and frequent floods include Mumbai and Kolkata in India, Guangzhou, Shenzen and Tianjin in China, Guayaquil in Ecuador, New York, NY-Newark, NJ, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Miami and New Orleans. Floods are known to have caused mass destruction in these areas in the past.

How to Control the Problem Caused Due to Floods?

From damaging the environment to disrupting the human life – floods have several negative repercussions that are difficult to deal with. It is thus important to take measures to control the same. Here are a few ways to control this problem:

• Flood Warning Systems

It is the need of the hour to set up better flood warning systems so that people are warned about the upcoming problem right on time and they have enough time to safeguard themselves and their belongings

• Construct Buildings Above the Flood Level

Buildings in the flood prone area must be constructed above the flood level so as to avoid damage to the property as well as the people living there.

• Introduce Water Storage System

The government must invest in building water storage systems to store and reuse the rain water. This way the excessive water can be put to use instead of letting it overflow on the plains and cause flood.

• Strengthen Drainage System

One of the main causes of flood is the poor drainage system. It is essential to build good drainage systems to avoid water logging that results in flood.

• Install Flood Barriers

Flood barriers should be installed in the areas that are prone to flood. These can be removed once the water recedes.

While the occurrence of rainfall, melting of snow-mountains, overflowing of water bodies and hurricanes can be difficult to control however these can be predicted in most cases and the government can take measures to ensure that water logging, that in turn results in flood, does not happen as a result of these conditions. This can be done by employing few of the methods shared above.

Flood Essay – 4 (500 words)

Floods are caused by a number of reasons including heavy rainfall, overflow of water from water bodies such as rivers and oceans, melting of glaciers, hurricanes and strong winds along the coastlines. When there is a lack of good drainage system to suck up the excessive water it results in water logging that causes flood.

Consequences of Flood

Floods disrupt the normal functioning of the region affected. Severe floods can result in mass destruction. Here is how floods impact life on earth:

• Threat to Life

Many people and animals lose their lives because of severe flash floods. Many others get injured and are infected by various diseases. Water accumulated at places for days result in the breeding of mosquitoes and other insects that are the cause of various diseases such as malaria and dengue. Cases of dysentery, pneumonic plague and military fever are also on rise during this time.

The supply of electricity and water is disrupted during this time thereby adding to the problems of the general public. There is also a risk of catching current in places where the electricity supply is still intact.

• Economic Loss

Many people lose their houses and other assets such as automobiles that they take years to earn. It is also a costly affair for the government as it has to deploy a number of policemen, firemen and other officials to conduct the rescue operation. In case of severe floods, the affected regions take years to re-build.

The supply of goods in the flood affected areas lowers as the road transport cannot reach there. Besides, the goods stored in these areas also get spoiled due to floods. There is a shortage of supply and the demand is high and it thus results in increased prices of the commodities.

• Soil Erosion

When the downpour is too heavy, the soil cannot absorb the entire water and it often results in soil erosion which in turn has dreadful consequences. In addition to the erosion of soil, the quality of soil is also impacted, often degraded.

• Damage of the Flora

Floods are not just a threat to the human beings and animals but also destroy the flora. Heavy rains are often accompanied by thunder, lightning and strong winds. These storms are a cause of uprooting of trees. Besides, the crops are damaged and several other plants are eroded during floods.

Flood Prone Areas in India

A number of regions in India face the problem of floods year after year. The major areas affected by this natural calamity in the country are most of the Gangetic plains including North Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal, Mumbai, Maharashtra, parts of Punjab and Haryana, coastal Andhra Pradesh and Orissa, the Brahmaputra valley and South Gujarat. Floods are known to have caused severe damage to these places in the past and are still a threat here.

Floods are one of the natural disasters that are known to have caused major destruction in various regions. It is time the government of India must take this issue seriously and come up with strong measures to control this problem.

Flood Essay – 5 (600 words)

Floods occur when excessive rainfall in a particular region results in the overflow of water on the land that is mostly dry. It can also occur due to the overflow of water from water bodies like river, ocean and lake. Floods are known to cause mass destruction. In certain regions, the destruction caused is so severe that it takes years to repair the loss.

Causes of Flood

Here is a closer look at the various causes of flood:

• Heavy Rains

Flood like situation arises each time the downpour is more than the drainage system can absorb. At times, heavy rainfall occurring for a short period of time can cause flood while on other occasions light rainfall that goes on for days may result in flood like situation.

• Melting of Snow

The mountains covered with snow during the winter season begin to melt as the temperature rises. The sudden melting of the ice usually causes the temperature to rise and this results in enormous movement of water into the plains. The areas that do not have proper drainage system to get rid of the excessive water face flood. This is often referred to as snowmelt flood.

• Breaking of Dam

Dams are created to hold water that flows down from a highland. The power in the water is employed to turn propellers for the generation of electricity. At times the dams break as they are unable to hold large amount of water thereby resulting in flood in the nearby areas. At times, excessive water is deliberately released from the dam so as to stop it from breaking. This may also result in flood.

• Overflow of Water Bodies

Water bodies such as rivers may overflow at times and cause flood like situation in the nearby areas. The low-lying areas near the rivers are worst impacted during this time as the water flows downstream.

• Winds in the Coastal Region

Strong winds and hurricanes have the capacity of carrying the sea water to the dry coastal lands and this causes flood. This can cause severe damage to the coastal regions. Hurricanes and Tsunamis are known to have caused major devastation in the coastal lands.

Global Warming: The Main Cause of Flood

The frequency of floods has increased in the recent past. It is said that the average sea temperature has increased a great deal due to global warming and this has resulted in the increased rate and sternness of tropical storms in the Caribbean. These storms are a cause of heavy downpour in the countries in their path. Global warming that is causing a rise in the temperature in the atmosphere is also a cause of the melting of glaciers and ice caps that is again a cause of flood in many regions. This is said to have a major impact on the polar ice caps in the times to come and the situation is likely to worsen.

The overall climatic conditions on earth have undergone a major change and global warming is said to be a cause of this transformation. While certain areas experience extreme floods others experience drought.

Though we cannot do much about the rain or the melting of the glaciers however we can certainly build good drainage systems to deal with the water they bring along. Many countries, such as Singapore that receive heavy rainfall for most part of the year, have really good drainage system. They come out clean even after days of heavy downpour. The government of India must also build good drainage system in order to avoid the problem of flood and the damage it does to the affected regions.

Related Information:

Paragraph on Flood

Essay on Drought

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The Huge Risks From AI In an Election Year

On the eve of New Hampshire’s primary election, a flood of robocalls exhorted Democratic voters to sit out a write-in campaign supporting President Joe Biden during the state’s presidential primary. An AI-generated voice on the line matched the uncanny cadence and signature catchphrase— (“malarkey!”)—characteristic to Biden. From that call to fake creations envisioning a cascade of calamities under Biden’s watch to AI deepfakes of a Slovakian candidate for country leader pondering vote rigging and raising beer prices, AI is making its mark on elections worldwide. Against this backdrop, governments and several tech companies are taking some steps to mitigate risks—European lawmakers just approved a watershed law, and as recently as February tech companies signed a pledge at the Munich Security Conference. But much more needs to be done to protect American democracy.

In Munich, companies including OpenAI, Apple, Meta, Microsoft, TikTok, Google, X, and others announced a compact to undertake measures to protect elections as America and other countries go to the polls in 2024. The companies pledged to help audiences track the origin of AI-generated and authentic content, to try to detect deceptive AI media in elections, and to deploy “reasonable precautions” to curb risks from AI-fueled election trickery. While not unwelcome, the success of the compact will depend on how its commitments are executed. They were couched in slippery language—“proportionate responses,” “where appropriate and technically feasible,” “attempting to,” and so on—that give latitude to companies to do very little if they so choose. While some are taking further steps, of course, the urgency of the situation demands stronger and more universal action.

This year is the first national American election since AI developments will allow fraudsters to produce phony but close-to-perfect pictures, video, or audio of candidates and officials doing or saying almost anything with minimal time, little to no cost, and on a widespread basis. And the technology underlying generative AI chatbots lets hoaxers spoof election websites or spawn pretend news sites in a matter of seconds and on a mammoth scale. It also gives bad actors— foreign and domestic—the ability to conduct supercharged, hard-to-track interactive influence campaigns.

As generative AI is integrated into common search engines and voters converse with chatbots, people seeking basic information about elections have at times been met with misinformation, pure bunkum, or links to fringe websites. A recent study by AI Democracy Projects and Proof News indicated that popular AI tools—including Google’s Gemini, OpenAI’s GPT-4, and Meta’s Llama 2— “ performed poorly on accuracy ” when fed certain election questions. The more traditional, non-generative AI could fuel mass challenges to thousands of voters’ eligibility, risking wrongful purges from voter rolls and burdening election offices. As election officials consider using new AI tools in their day-to-day tasks, the lack of meaningful regulation risks putting some voting access in harm’s way even as AI unlocks time-saving opportunities for short-staffed offices.

Before the Munich conference the world’s premier generative AI operation, OpenAI, had recently announced a slate of company policies designed to curtail election harms as America votes in 2024. These include forbidding users from building custom AI chatbots that impersonate candidates, barring users from deploying OpenAI tools to spread falsehoods about when and how to vote, and encrypting images with digital codes that will help observers figure out whether OpenAI’s Dall-E made an image that is multiplying in the wild.

But these actions—while more robust than those of some other major AI companies to date—fall short in important ways and underscore the limitations of what we may see in future months as OpenAI and other tech giants make gestures towards honoring the commitments made in Munich. First: the company’s public-facing policies do not call out several core false narratives and depictions that have haunted prior election cycles and are likely to be resurrected in new guises this year. For example, they do not expressly name fakeries that supposedly show election officials interfering with the vote count, fabrications of unreliable or impaired voting machines, or baseless claims that widespread voter fraud has occurred. (According to Brennan Center tracking , these rank among the most common false narratives promoted by election deniers in the 2022 midterm elections.) While OpenAI policies addressing misleading others and intentional deception arguably cover some, or all, such content, specifically naming these categories as being barred from creation and spread would give more clarity to users and protection to voters. Since election procedures— and the occasional fast-resolved Election Day glitch—vary from county to county, the company should have conduits for the sharing of information between local election officials and OpenAI staff in the months leading up to the election.

Perhaps most importantly, the tech wunderkind needs to do more to curb the risks of working with third party developers—that is, the companies that license OpenAI’s technology and integrate its models into their own services and products . For instance, if a user enters basic election questions into a third-party search engine that cannibalizes OpenAI models, the answers can be rife with errors, outdated facts, and other blunders. (WIRED reporting on Microsoft Copilot last December revealed several issues at that time with the search engine—which uses OpenAI technology— though some of those problems may have since been addressed.) To better protect voters this election season, the company must create and enforce stricter requirements for its partnerships with developers that integrate OpenAI models into search engines—or any digital platform where voters may go to seek information on the ABCs of voting and elections. While the accord signed in Munich was targeted to intentionally deceptive content, voters can also be harmed by AI “hallucinations”—fabrications spit out by systems’ algorithms—or other hiccups that AI creators and service providers have failed to prevent.

But, OpenAI can’t go it alone. Other tech titans must release their own election policies for generative AI tools, unmasking any behind-the-scenes tinkering and opening internal practices to public scrutiny and knowledge. As a first step, more major tech companies—including Apple, ByteDance, Samsung, and X—should sign onto the Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity ’s open standard for embedding content with digital markers that help prove that it is AI-generated or authentic as it travels through the online ether. (While Apple and X committed to consider attaching similar signals to their content in Munich, a consistent standard would improve detection and coordination across the board.) The markers, meanwhile, should be made more difficult to remove. And social media companies must act swiftly to address deepfakes and bot accounts that mimic human activity, as well as instituting meaningful account verification processes for election officials and bonafide news organizations to help voters find accurate information in feeds flush with misinformation, impersonators, and accounts masquerading as real news.

One company’s—or a handful of companies’ —steps to address election harms, while important, are not enough in a landscape awash with unsecured, open-source AI models where systems’ underlying code and the mathematical instructions that make them tick are publicly available, downloadable, and manipulatable. Companies as prominent as Meta and Stability AI have released unsecured AI systems, and other players have rapidly churned out many more. Anyone who wishes to interfere in elections today has a suite of AI technology to choose from to bolster their efforts, and multiple ways to deploy it. That means that governments at all levels must also take urgent action to protect voters.

Congress, agencies, and states have a plethora of options at hand to blunt AI’s risks ahead of the 2024 election. Congress and states should regulate deepfakes—particularly those spread by campaigns, political action committees, and paid influencers—by requiring disclaimers on deceptive and digitally manipulated images, video, and audio clips that could suppress votes, or that misrepresent candidates’ and election officials’ words and actions. Lawmakers should also require campaigns and political action committees to clearly label a subset of content produced by the technology underlying generative AI chatbots, particularly where politicos deploy the technology to engage in continuous conversations with voters or to deceptively impersonate humans to influence elections. Policymakers should protect voters against frivolous challenges to their voting eligibility by setting constraints on the evidence that may be used to substantiate a challenge — including evidence unearthed or created through AI.

Federal agencies should act quickly to publish guidance for certifying the authenticity and provenance of government content—as envisioned by the executive order on AI issued by the administration last year—and state and local election officials should apply similar practices to their official content. Longer term, federal and state governments should also create guidance and benchmarks that help election officials evaluate AI systems before purchasing them, checking for reliability, accuracy, biases, and transparency.

These steps are all pivotal to dealing with challenges that arise specifically from AI technology. But the election risks that AI amplifies—disinformation, vote suppression, election security hazards, and so on—long predate the advent of the generative-AI boom. To fully protect voting and elections, lawmakers must also pass reforms like the Freedom to Vote Act—a set of wide-ranging provisions that stalled in the U.S. Senate. It also means updating political ad disclosure requirements for the 21 st century. And it means maintaining an expansive vision for democracy that is impervious to age-old and persistent efforts to subvert it.

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